identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B1003767A5222AE270B2CE00C16BE260.text	B1003767A5222AE270B2CE00C16BE260.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lithobius (Ezembius) longibasitarsus	<div><p>Lithobius (Ezembius) longibasitarsus sp. n.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: female labelled GH3 (Figure 1 A, D–E, H–G), body length 17.0 mm, from Gonghe County, Qinghai province, China, 36.64508° N 100.80747° E, 14 July 2011, 3287 meters above sea level, collected by Gonghua Lin. Paratypes: one female, one male, same data as holotype.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Specimens were collected under stones on steppes covered with legume shrubs and grass composed mainly of Poaceae . The sampling point belongs to the Gonghe Basin region of the Tibet plateau severely affected by desertification.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to the new species with a long tarsus I of leg XV, tarsus I approx. 1.7 times longer than tarsus II.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Body length 17.0-18.0 mm; head slightly widened; antennae of 20 articles; 10-14 ocelli arranged in three irregular rows; To oval to round, slightly smaller in size to neighbouring ocelli; lateral margins of forcipular coxosternite slanting; anterior margin with 2+2, 3+2 or 2+3 blunt teeth and with strong setiform porodonts; tergites without triangular posterolateral process; legs XIV and XV thicker and longer than anterior ones in both sexes; coxal pores 4-6, round to ovate arranged in one row; female gonopods with two moderately long, bullet-shaped spurs; terminal claw of the third article simple, with a small triangular protuberance on basal ventral side; male gonopods short and small.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Holotype (♀), body 17.0 mm long, cephalic plate width 2.1 mm, length 2.0 mm.</p><p>Colour: antennae light yellow; tergites pale yellow-brown; cephalic plate and terminal tergite yellow-brown; pleural region and sternites pale yellow; distal part of forcipules dark brown, maxillipede coxosternum and SXV yellow; legs pale yellow with grey hue, pretarsal claw brown.</p><p>Antennae composed of 20+20 articles (Figure 1 A), length 3.31 mm, basal article slightly wider than long, second article with equal length and width, the following articles longer than wide, distal article 2.6 times as long as wide; abundant setae on antennal surface.</p><p>Ocelli area translucent with dark pigment, 1+5, 3, 2 ocelli on each side of cephalic plate, arranged in three irregular rows. The posterior ocellus is the biggest. To oval, smaller than the adjacent ocelli, situated ventrally on anterolateral margin of cephalic plate.</p><p>Cephalic plate smooth, slightly broader than long; as broad as TIII or slightly broader. Frontal marginal of head with clear transverse suture. Posterior margin slightly concave; projection of lateral marginal conspicuously discontinuous; posterior marginal ridge slightly concave with median thickening.</p><p>Coxosternite subtrapezoidal, anterior margin narrow, lateral margins of the coxosternite slightly longer than medial margins. Median diastema shallow, U-shaped; anterior margin with 3+2 blunt nipple-like teeth (Figure 1E). Porodonts thick and strong separated from the lateral tooth ventrolaterally. Scattered short setae on the ventral side of coxosternite, longer setae near the dental margin and the porodonts.</p><p>Tergites all smooth, without wrinkles, TI narrower posterolaterally than anterolaterally, generally trapezoidal, narrower than the cephalic plate and TIII, the cephalic plate almost the same width as TIII. Posterior marginal ridge of TI straight; of TT III, V shallow concave; of TT VIII, X, XII slightly concave; of TXIV deeply concave; TT VI– XIV bordered laterally only (Figure 1A). Posterior angles of all tergites rounded without triangular projections. Only one or two pairs of setae on anterior angles of each tergite.</p><p>Sternites: posterior part of sternites narrower than anterior, generally trapezoidal, smooth; 2-8 setae on anterior angle, anterior lateral side, posterior angle and posterior lateral side; some minute setae on SS XIV and XV, most of which distributed on posterior lateral margins and posterior borders.</p><p>Legs: tarsal articulation well defined on legs I-XV. All legs with fairly long curved claws. Legs I–XIV with anterior and posterior accessory spurs, anterior accessory spur moderately long and slender ca. 33%-50% the length of principle claw, the posterior one stouter forming slightly larger angles with tarsal claws, ca. 0.25 the length of principal claw. Legs XV lacking anterior and posterior accessory spurs. Dense glandular pores on the surface of prefemur, femur, tibia, and tarsi of legs XIV and XV. Short to long setae sparsely scattered over the surface of prefemur, femur, tibia, and tarsi of legs I-XIII, more setae on the tarsal surface, with two rows of comb-like setae along ventral side, fewer setae on legs XIV and XV. Legs XIV and XV moderately thicker and longer than anterior legs, tarsus I ca. 6.6 times as long as wide, tarsus II ca. 37% length of the whole tarsus on leg XV. Leg plectrotaxy as presented in Table 1.</p><p>Coxal pores circular on legs XII–XV, separated by a distance 1-2 times larger than diameter of pore; inner pores smaller; formula 6, 5, 5, 5. Coxal pores set in a shallow groove arranged in a row with short to long setae scattered over the surface of apophysis (Figure 1J).</p><p>Female posterior segment: S XV generally trapeziform, straight posteromedially; sternite of genital segment wider than long with posterior margin moderately concave between condyles of gonopods, except for a small, median bulge; distal part lightly sclerotised; short to long setae scattered over the surface of genital segment and lateral margins. The first article of gonopod moderately broad bearing 22-24 short to moderately long setae arranged in three rows with 2+2 moderately long, bullet-shaped spurs, inner spur slightly smaller and more anterior than the outer (Figure 1J), four short setae, and three long setae on dorsolateral ridge (Figure 1H). The second article of gonopod with 8-10 setae, three long setae along the dorsolateral ridge (Figure 1H). Third article of gonopod with six moderately long setae. Terminal claw simple, slender and sharp, having small triangular protuberance on ventral side (Figure 1I).</p><p>Male posterior segment: S XV subtrapeziform, long setae scattered sparsely over its surface and posterior margins. Male genital sternite slightly wider than long; posterior margin quite deeply concave between the gonopods, no bulge medially; ca. 69 short to medium setae scattered sparsely over its surface and at lateral margins; gonopods of a single small semicircular article with 3-5 seta on its surface (Figure 1K). Male leg XV not modified.</p><p>Variations.</p><p>Body length 17.0-18.0 mm; ocelli 1+5, 4, 4 or 1+5, 3, 2 or 1+4, 3, 2 (Figure 1 B–D); coxal pores 5544, 5554 or 6555; coxosternal teeth 2+2, 3+2 or 2+3 (Figure 1 E–G).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Lithobius (E.) longibasitarsus sp. n. can be distinguished from all the other known Chinese species of subgenus Ezembius Chamberlin, 1919 by 2+2, 2+3 or 3+2 moderately blunt teeth on the forcipular coxosternite and the terminal claw of the female gonopod simple, slender and sharp, having a small triangular protuberance on its ventral side. It has a larger body (17.7-18.0 mm), more ocelli (10-14), more coxal pores (5544, 5554 or 6555), and DaC spine on legs XII and XV.</p><p>Morphologically it resembles L. (E.) tetraspinus but can be readily distinguished by the following characters: more ocelli (10-14 vs. 9-10), more coxosternal teeth (2+3, 3+2 vs. 2+2), more coxal pores (4-6 vs. 2-5), and less spurs on female gonopods (2+2 contrary to 2+3 or 3+2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B1003767A5222AE270B2CE00C16BE260	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Qiao, Penghai;Qin, Wen;Ma, Huiqin;Zhang, Tongzuo;Su, Jianping;Lin, Gonghua	Qiao, Penghai, Qin, Wen, Ma, Huiqin, Zhang, Tongzuo, Su, Jianping, Lin, Gonghua (2018): Two new species of Lithobius on Qinghai-Tibetan plateau identified from morphology and COI sequences (Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae). ZooKeys 785: 11-28, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.785.28580, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.785.28580
914645BF11A1AC6E30E38C9699FA6347.text	914645BF11A1AC6E30E38C9699FA6347.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lithobius (Ezembius) datongensis	<div><p>Lithobius (Ezembius) datongensis sp. n.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: female labelled DT5 (Figure 2), body length 14.2 mm, from Datong County, Qinghai province, China, 37.12494° N 101.811611° E, 21 October 2010, 2950 meters above sea level, collected by Gonghua Lin. Paratypes: one female, one male, same data as holotype.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Specimens were collected under stones of slope-lands covered with grass mainly of Pedicularis chinensis and shrub mainly of Potentilla fruticosa along the riverside in coniferous forest composed mainly of Picea crassifolia .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name is derived from the locality Datong County where the new species was discovered.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Body length 12.3-14.2 mm; antennae composed of 20+20 articles; 10 ocelli on each side arranged in 3 irregular rows, terminal one ocellus comparatively large; To larger than the adjoining ocelli; 2+2 coxosternite teeth and setiform porodonts posterolateral to the lateralmost tooth; posterior angles of all tergites without triangular projections; tarsal articulation well-defined on all legs; legs XII–XV with DaC, leg XV with posterior accessory claw; coxal pores 4-7, round, arranged in one row; female gonopods with 2+2 moderately large, coniform spurs; claw of the third article simple, with a small triangular protuberance on basal ventral side; male gonopods short and small.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Holotype (♀), body 14.2 mm long, cephalic plate width 1.54 mm, length 1.54 mm.</p><p>Colour red-brown, with a distinct, darker, axial stripe on cephalic plate and tergites. Legs pale yellow-brown. Sternite yellow-brown with distal part brown with reddish hue.</p><p>Antennae tapering, ca. 4.3 mm long, reaching the anterior part of T V, composed of 20 elongate articles (Figure 1A). Basal article to the seventh article wider than long, following articles elongate, distal article markedly longer than wide, up to 2.2 times as long as wide. Abundant setae on the antennal surface.</p><p>Ocelli area: ten on each side, dark, arranged in three broken rows; posterior ocellus slightly larger than posterosuperior ocellus and other seriated ocelli. To slightly larger than nearest ocellus, rounded.</p><p>Cephalic plate: breath/length ratio 1.0 (1.54 mm); smooth, longer setae scattered along the entire surface sparsely and the marginal ridge of the cephalic plate. Transverse suture distinct, lateral marginal ridge discontinuous, posterior margin continuous, slightly concave (Figure 2 A).</p><p>Coxosternite: dental margin slightly concave, with 2+2 slightly acute teeth and setiform porodonts separated from the lateral tooth laterally, median diastema U-shaped; shoulders of coxosternite strongly sloping, as in Figure 2C. Scattered short setae on the anterior ventral side of coxosternite, longer and stronger setae near the porodonts.</p><p>Tergites almost smooth. The anterior part of T I is approx. the same width as cephalic plate and T III; T I and T III approximately the same width. Posterior angles of all tergites rounded without triangular projections. Posterior margin of TI straight; posterior margin of TT III, V, VIII, X, XII, and XIV concave; posterior margin of TVII convex; posterior margin of intermediate T straight; TT VI–XIV bordered laterally only (Figure 2A). Short to long setae along the lateral margin and anterior and posterior angles of each tergite.</p><p>Sternites: posterior side of sternites narrower than anterior, generally trapezoidal, smooth; SS XIII–XV with miniscule setae scattered sparsely over the surface; genital sternite more densely setose, as in Figure 2E; four to five pairs of short to long fine setae along anterior lateral borders and posterior borders of sternites; several fine setae along posterior margins of SS I– XII.</p><p>Legs: tarsal articulation of all legs distinct. Legs XIV and XV incrassate, without visible modification. Length of legs XV: F = 0.85 mm, Ti = 1.00 mm, Ts I = 0.77 mm, Ts II = 0.54 mm. Legs XII– XV with DaC. All legs with fairly long curved claws; legs I– XIV with anterior and posterior accessory spurs, anterior accessory spur moderately long and slender, posterior accessory spur slightly more robust; the anterior accessory spines form relatively small angles with the main claw, the posterior accessory spines form relatively large angles with the main claw; posterior accessory spines on legs XIV. Numerous glandular pores scattered on the surface of prefemur, femur, tibia, tarsus of legs XIV and XIV; short to long comparatively long setae scattered very sparsely over the surface of all segments of legs I– XIII, more setae scattered on the whole surface of tarsus, slightly thick setae arranged in two rows on the ventral side of tarsus. Plectrotaxy as presented in Table 2.</p><p>Coxal pores present on legs XII–XV, rounded and separated by distance 0.2-2.5 times greater than their own diameter; inner pores smaller than neighbouring ones; formula 4655 and 5575. Coxal pores 4654 and 4554 in male. Coxal pore field set in a relatively shallow groove, the coxal pore-field fringe with prominence. Prominence with short to moderately long setae sparsely scattered over the surface.</p><p>Female posterior segment S XV generally trapeziform, straight posteromedially; sternite of genital segment wider than long with posterior margin moderately concave between condyles of gonopods, except for a small, median bulge; distal part lightly sclerotised; short to long setae scattered over the surface of genital segment and lateral margins. Basal article of gonopod bearing 22-25 setae, with two blunt spurs of approximately equal size at distal end of slender, elongate process and three long spines on dorsolateral side; second article of gonopod with 5-6 setae and five long curved spines on dorsolateral side; third article with two setae (Figure 2E). Claw undivided, bearing a small triangular protuberance on ventral side (Figure 2D).</p><p>Male posterior segment (Figure 2F) S XV subtrapeziform, long setae scattered sparsely over its surface. Sternite of genital segment obviously smaller than the female, well sclerotized; posterior margin quite deeply concave between the gonopods, no bulge medially; gonopods short, appearing as a hemispherical bulge, one segmented, with three setae. Male leg XV not modified.</p><p>Variations.</p><p>Body length 12.3-14.2 mm; 9-10 ocelli; coxal pores 4655, 5575, or 5544 in female, 4654 and 4554 in male.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The new species can be easily distinguished from the other species of the subgenus of Ezembius of China except Ezembius anabilineatus by the apical claw of female gonopods simple with a small subtriangular protuberance on the ventral side. It differs from E. anabilineatus in many aspects, such as a larger body, fewer antennal articles (20+20, vs. 23+23 in E. anabilineatus), more ocelli, a DaC spine on legs XII–XV (only on legs XIV and XV in E. anabilineatus), and a posterior accessory spur present on legs XV present. It differs from Lithobius (Ezembius) longibasitarsus sp. n. by having posterior accessory spur on XV legs, fewer ocelli (10 versus up to 14 in E. longibarsitarsus) and different plectrotaxy (VmTr absent on legs XII and XIII vs. present).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/914645BF11A1AC6E30E38C9699FA6347	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Qiao, Penghai;Qin, Wen;Ma, Huiqin;Zhang, Tongzuo;Su, Jianping;Lin, Gonghua	Qiao, Penghai, Qin, Wen, Ma, Huiqin, Zhang, Tongzuo, Su, Jianping, Lin, Gonghua (2018): Two new species of Lithobius on Qinghai-Tibetan plateau identified from morphology and COI sequences (Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae). ZooKeys 785: 11-28, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.785.28580, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.785.28580
