taxonID	type	description	language	source
03FBBC4B095DB200EC95FA83249B4C54.taxon	description	(Fig. 10)	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B095DB200EC95FA83249B4C54.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Chanos: Greek, chanos, - eos, ous, and chasma, - atos = abyss, mouth opened, inmensity. Common name: Milkfish. Taxonomy: Mugil chanos was described by Fabricius [J. C.] in Niebuhr (ex Forsskål) 1775: 74, xiv [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål)] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea [not Mediterranean Sea].	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B095DB200EC95FA83249B4C54.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: ZMUC P 17154 (dry skin). Synonyms: Chanos arabicus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Forsskål, ex Fabricius) 1803: 395, 396 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5]. Short description: Body elongate and moderately compressed, mouth small, terminal, and without teeth, eye covered by adipose tissue, branchiostegal rays 4, gill rakers fine and numerous (more than 250), fins without spines, dorsal fin about midpoint of body, dorsal-fin rays 13 – 17, anal fin short, close to caudal fin, anal-fin rays 9 – 11, caudal fin deeply forked and large, scales small and ctenoid, lateral line scales 75 – 91. Body silvery on belly and sides, grading to olive-green or blue on back; dorsal, anal, and caudal fins with dark margin; peritoneum black. General distribution: Red Sea; Indo-Pacific: East Africa, South Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar, Mascarenes and Persian Gulf east to Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia) and Norfolk Island; eastern Pacific: southern California (U. S. A.) south to northern Peru, including Galapagos Islands (Ecuador); Mediterranean Sea immigrant. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B095DB200EC95FA83249B4C54.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Oman: Wadi Hasik, Dhofar Governorate (Fig. 11). Examined material: ZM-CBSU: O 001. Cc 101, 2, Oman: Dhofar Governorate, Salalah, Wadi Hasik, at Hasik, 17 ° 22 ’ 01.2 ” N, 55 ° 16 ’ 58.8 ” E, H. R. Esmaeili, S. M. Al-Jufaili, A. H Masoumi, 04 Jan. 2022.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B095FB201EC95F9DB22FF4D4F.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The family Cyprinidae accounts for the majority (nine species, 39.13 %), of the freshwater ichthyodiversity of Oman. All of these cyprinids invaded from Asia after the early Miocene. The cyprinids include the true barbels (Barbinae) and labeonines (Labeoninae). The true barbels in Oman is represented by only one species (Cyprinion muscatense) which is distinguished by having a serrated posterior margin of the last unbranched dorsal-fin ray and a sharped edge and horny sheath lower lip. The labeonines in Oman are represented by one genus (Garra) and eight species. Members of the genus Garra are distinguished by having a modified complex mouth structure (including a disk-like structure, which is a specialized mental lobe behind the lower jaw), and a smooth posterior margin of the last unbranched dorsal-fin ray.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0958B206EC95FEDF233D4D3F.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Cyprinion: diminutive of Latin, cyprinus = carp; muscatense: composed from Muscat city. Common name: Muscat Cyprinion, Hajar Lotak. Taxonomy: Scaphiodon muscatensis was described by Boulenger [G. A.] 1888: 665 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887 (pt 4) from Muscat, Oman, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: BMNH 1885.11.7.35 - 40 (6), 1887.11.11.289 - 291 (3). It was considered as synonym of Cyprinion microphthalmum (Day, 1880) by Banister & Clarke (1977): 130 and Alkahem & Behnke (1983): 559; Cyprinion microphthalmum (Day, 1880), but a valid subspecies by Krupp (1983) 589; and Cyprinion watsoni (Day, 1872) by Coad (1995): 16. Short description: D III, 10 – 11; A II, 7; LL 37 – 41; L. tr. 4. Length of head one fourth of total (without caudal); diameter of eye one fourth the barbel on each side, measuring three fifths the diameter of the eye; mandible sharp, with a horny sheath. Origin of dorsal just above the ventrals, midway between the end of the snout and the base of the caudal; last undivided dorsal ray osseous, rather feeble, not serrated. Pectoral as long as the head less the snout. Caudal forked. Bronzy above, whitish below; scales, except the lowermost, with a dark brown margin; a moderately distinct blackish lateral band ending in a spot before the caudal.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0958B206EC95FEDF233D4D3F.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Oman and United Arab Emirates: Hajar Mountains; Al Hajr, Ibri, Al Dhahira Governorate; Al Amirat, Muscat Goveronate; Al Wasit, Al Bureimi, Al Bureimi Governorate; Hoqain, Al Rustaq, Al Batinah Governorate; Nakhal, Al Batinah Governorate; Surur, Samail, Ad Dakhiliyah Governorate; Al Samdi, Samail, Ad Dakhiliyah Governorate; Sur Bridge, Sur, Al Sharqiya Governorate; Wadi Khabbah in Dima Wattayeen, Al Sharqiya North Governorate; Wadi Fanja, Ad Dakhiliyah Governorate; Wadi Bani Kharus, Al Batinah South Governorate (Fig. 13).	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0958B206EC95FEDF233D4D3F.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Widespread in Oman but, the populations have decreased and have been lost in some sites due to water extraction, road construction and other anthropological activities. Examined material: ZM-CBSU: Cy 001 - 150, 11, Oman: Surur, 23 ° 24 ʹ 42 ʹʹ N, 58 ° 06 ʹ 17 ʹʹ E. ZM-CBSU: Cy 002 - 161 - 171, Oman: Nakhal, 23 ° 22 ʹ 51 ʹʹN, 57 ° 49 ʹ 36 ʹʹE. ZM-CBSU: Cy 003 - 172 - 182, Oman: Wadi Huqain, 23 ° 32 ʹ 22 ʹʹN, 57 ° 20 ʹ 38 ʹʹE, H. R. Esmaeili, S. M. Al-Jufaili, A. H. Masoumi.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0959B204EC95FA3C21C34AFD.taxon	description	Fig. 14	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0959B204EC95FA3C21C34AFD.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Garra: named based on a vernacular Indian name, a fish living in mud; barreimiae: composed from Buraimi, a city / region in northwestern Oman. Common name: Orange-ear Garra, Buraimi Garra Taxonomy: Garra barreimiae was described by Fowler ([H. W.) & Steinitz (H.) 1956: 262, figs. 1 - 4 (Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel v. 5 B, no. 3 - 4, from Buraimi, Oman.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0959B204EC95FA3C21C34AFD.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: ANSP 72129 (missing). Paratypes: ANSP 72133 - 34 (2); HUJ 2085 / 1 (1), HUJ [ex ANSP 72130 - 32] (3, missing); ZSI F 2285 / 2 (2). Short description: It is distinguished by having 15 – 18 gill rakers on lower limb of first gill arch, a pale or deeply orange spot at upper opercle, a bold black middle caudal-fin rays with white membrane, a white dorsal-fin tip, and orange anal, pectoral and ventral fins.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0959B204EC95FA3C21C34AFD.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Oman and United Arab Emirates. Both flanks of the northern Hajar Mountains, Wadi Ajran, Wadi Al-Juwayf, Wadi Qahfi, Al Hayyal and Khutwa (Fig. 15). Examined material: ZM-CBSU: O 010. Gb 101, 50, Oman: Wadi Faidh, Shinas, 24 ° 42 ’ 28 ” N, 56 ° 20 ’ 32 ” E, S. M. Al-Jufaili, Nov. 2020.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B095BB205EC95FF4B233C4D7C.taxon	description	Fig. 16	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B095BB205EC95FF4B233C4D7C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Garra: named based on a vernacular Indian name, a fish living in mud; dunsirei: named after Mr. A. Dunsirei who collected the fishes. Common name: Tawi Atair Garra. Taxonomy: Garra dunsirei was originally described by Banister 1987: 59, figs. 1, 2 a, 3 - 5 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 52 (no. 1) from a Sinkhole, Tawi Atair [or Attair], 17 ° 06 ’ N, 54 ° 34 ’ E, in the Jabal Qara (Jabal Samhan) mountains, Dhofar, Oman.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B095BB205EC95FF4B233C4D7C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: BMNH 1984. 3.6.571. Paratypes: BMNH 1984.3.6.572 - 576 (6). Short description: It is distinguished from the other Garra species in the region by having the highly unusual shape of neural spines below the dorsal fin, being very short and not penetrating between dorsal pterygiophores, whitish or pink body, very small eye, absence or reduction of scales on breast and abdomen.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B095BB205EC95FF4B233C4D7C.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Garra dunsirei is restricted to a sinkhole at Tawi Attair, in the Jabal Qara (Jabal Samhan) mountains, Dhofar, Oman (Fig. 17). Tawi Atair is a very impressive limestone formation at the surface level (680 m above the sea level) with a depth of about 211 m. Examined material: Based on holotype and paratypes.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0944B218EC95FA4622C74B4C.taxon	description	Fig. 18	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0944B218EC95FA4622C74B4C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Garra: named based on a vernacular Indian name, a fish living in mud; gallagheri: named after Mr. M. D. Gallagher for his contribution to fauna of Oman. Common name: Black Garra. Taxonomy: Garra barreimiae gallagheri was originally described by Krupp (1988): 402, fig. 1 [Journal of Oman Studies Special Report No. 3; from Wadi Bani Khalid north of Muqal, 22 ° 40 ’ N, 59 ° 05 ’ E, Oman.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0944B218EC95FA4622C74B4C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: SMF 17262. Paratypes: BMNH 1977.12.13.557 - 578 (5), 1978.9.6.5 - 13 (7); NHMB 6343 (6), 6350 (4); ONHM 771.1 (3); SMF 17262 (2 or 10). Short description: Garra gallagheri is distinguished from its close relative, G. barreimiae by having a plain or almost plain, greenish or black flank pattern (vs. strongly mottled), with a faint dark-green lateral stripe present in some individuals (vs. absent), orange midlateral scales on the flank absent (vs. present), orange spot at the upper opercle absent (vs. present), dorsal-fin tip not white (vs. white), and 12 – 14 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch (vs. 15 – 18).	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0944B218EC95FA4622C74B4C.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Wadi Bani Khalid and falaj irrigation systems downstream; Falaj in Bani Bu Ali; Sur Bridge, Sur, Al Sharqiya Governorate (Fig. 19).	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0944B218EC95FA4622C74B4C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Krupp distinguished G. b. gallagheri from G. b. barreimiae by presence of 8 dorsal-fin rays (vs. 7). It is likely that Krupp counted the posterior pair of fin rays based on one pterygophore as two rays, thus 8 rays as counted by Krupp (1988) can be treated as 7 ½ rays. Individuals of G. gallagheri from its type locality had 7 ½ branched dorsal-fin rays (see Kirchner et al. 2020). Examined material: ZM-CBSU: O 013. Gg 101, 20, Oman: Sur Bridge, 22 ° 27 ʹ 51 ʹʹN, 59 ° 23 ʹ 19 ʹʹE, H. R. Esmaeili, S. M. Al-Jufaili, A. H. Masoumi, Sep. 2021.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0946B219EC95FE6A20DC4830.taxon	description	Fig. 20	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0946B219EC95FE6A20DC4830.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Garra: named based on a vernacular Indian name, a fish living in mud; longipinnis: Latin, longus for long, and pinna for fin. Common name: Jabal Akhdar Garra. Taxonomy: Garra longipinnis was described by Banister [K. E.] & Clarke [M. A.] 1977: 137, fig. 23 [Journal Oman Studies (Special Report)] from Saiq, Jabal al Akhdar, 23 ° 02 ’ N, 57 ° 28 ’ E, Oman.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0946B219EC95FE6A20DC4830.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: BMNH 1968.10.11. 1. Paratypes: BMNH 1968.10.11.2 - 8 (7). Short description: Garra longipinnis is distinguished from G. barreimiae by having a greenish-brown or grey flank without or with slight mottling (vs. strongly mottled), a faint lateral stripe present in some individuals (vs. absent), orange midlateral scales on the flank absent (vs. present), orange spot at the upper opercle absent (vs. present), dorsal-fin tip not white (vs. white), and 12 – 14 gill rakers on lower limb of first gill arch (vs. 15 – 18). Garra longipinnis differs from G. gallagheri by having a bold, dark-brown or grey scale pockets on the dorsal surface, and dark-brown or grey scale margins on the flank which are clearly darker than the centre of the scales (vs. scale pockets and scale margins same colour as or only slightly darker than centre of scales).	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0946B219EC95FE6A20DC4830.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Southern Hajar Mountains, Wadi Dhum, Wadi Falahi, Hoti Pit, Lizq, Ain Wadhah, Bahla, Ad Dakhiliyah Governorate; Hoota Cave, Al Hamra, Ad Dakhiliyah Governorate; Tanuf, Nizwa, Ad Dakhiliyah Governorate; Wadi Andam, Al Wusta Governorate; Saiq, Oman (Fig. 21). Examined material: ZM-CBSU: O 007. Gl 101, 29, Oman: Hoota Cave, 23 ° 04 ’ 55 ” N, 57 ° 21 ’ 16 ” E, S. M. Al-Jufaili, Nov. 2020. ZM-CBSU: O 008. Gl 1, 10, Oman: Wadi Andam, 22 ° 47 ’ 22 ” N, 58 ° 00 ’ 00 ” E, S. M. Al-Jufaili, Nov. 2020.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0947B21FEC95F8E322734881.taxon	description	Fig. 22	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0947B21FEC95F8E322734881.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Garra: named based on a vernacular Indian name, a fish living in mud; shamal: the Arabic word for north, for its distribution range in northern Oman. Common name: Muscat Garra, Shamal Garra. Taxonomy: Garra shamal was described by Kirchner [S.], Kruckenhauser [L.], Pichler [A.], Borkenhagen [K.] & Freyhof [J.] 2020: 533, figs. 8 - 11 [Zootaxa 4751 (no. 3);] from Wadi Sahtan, Oman, 23.384 ° N, 57.306 ° E.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0947B21FEC95F8E322734881.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: NMW- 100004. Paratypes: FSJF, NMW. Plus additional non-type material. Short description: Garra shamal is differentiated from the other species of Garra in the Hajar Mountain by absence of bold-black middle caudal-fin rays with white membranes (vs. present in other species). Garra shamal is further distinguished by having a strongly mottled flank pattern (vs. plain or almost plain in G. gallagheri and G. longipinnis), a white dorsal-fin tip (vs. not different from rest of fin in G. gallagheri and G. longipinnis), orange spot at the upper opercle absent (vs. present in G. barreimiae), orange scales on the flank usually absent (vs. present in G. barreimiae), and 10 – 14 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch (vs. 15 – 18 in G. barreimiae).	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0947B21FEC95F8E322734881.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Northern Hajar Mountains; Surur, Samail, Ad Dakhiliyah Governorate; Luzug, Ad Dakhiliyah Governorate; Al Samdi, Samail, Ad Dakhiliyah Governorate; Wadi Fanja, Wadi Bani Kharus, Wadi Sahtan, Wadi north-east of Al Amarat, Wadi Hammam, Wadi Hat, Wadi Khawd, Wadi Mansah, Oman (Fig. 23). Examined material: ZM-CBSU: O 014. Gs 101, 20, Oman: Nakhal, 23 ° 22 ʹ 51 ʹʹN, 57 ° 49 ʹ 36 ʹʹE, H. R. Esmaeili, S. M. Al-Jufaili, A. H. Masoumi, Sep. 2021.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0941B21CEC95FD2622574830.taxon	description	Fig. 24	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0941B21CEC95FD2622574830.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Garra: named based on a vernacular Indian name, a fish living in mud; sharq: the Arabic word for east, for its distribution range in north-eastern Oman. Common name: Dayqah Garra, Sharq Garra. Taxonomy: Garra sharq was described by Kirchner [S.], Kruckenhauser [L.], Pichler [A.], Borkenhagen [K.] & Freyhof [J.] 2020: 538, figs. 13 - 16 [Zootaxa 4751 (no. 3)] Qifayfah, Oman, 22.915 ° N, 58.425 ° E. Holotype: NMW- 100002. Paratypes: FSJF, NMW. Plus additional non-type material. Short description: Garra sharq is differentiated from the other species of Garra in the Hajar Mountains e. g., G. barreimiae by absence of orange spot at the upper opercle (vs. presence) and a white dorsal fin tip (vs. presence), and by having 10 – 14 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch (vs. 15 – 18). It is distinguished from G. gallagheri and G. longipinnis by having a strongly mottled flank pattern (vs. almost plain or with slight mottling) and individual or series of orange midlateral flank scales (vs. no orange scales). Garra sharq is distinguished from G. shamal by absence of a white dorsal-fin tip (vs. presence), orange scales on the flank usually present (vs. usually absent) and having black dorsal-fin membranes (vs. hyaline, brown, grey, often hyaline in proximal and black on distal portion).	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0941B21CEC95FD2622574830.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Wadi Dayqah basin north-eastern; Ibra, Al Sharqiya Governorate; Qufaifa, Al Sharqiya Governorate; Al Hajr, Ibri, Al Dhahira Governorate, Oman (Fig. 25). Examined material: ZM-CBSU: O 009. Gq 101, 10, Oman: Wadi Arabieen, 23 ° 04 ’ 47 ” N, 59 ° 02 ’ 32 ” E, H. R Esmaeili, S. M. Al-Jufaili, A. H Masoumi, Sep. 2021. ZM-CBSU: O 011. Gq 111, 8, Oman: Qufaifa, 22 ° 55 ’ 30 ” N, 58 ° 25 ’ 30 ” E, S. M. Al-Jufaili, Nov. 2020.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0942B212EC95F8E024384974.taxon	description	Fig. 26	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0942B212EC95F8E024384974.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Garra: named based on a vernacular Indian name, a fish living in mud; sindhae: named after Cynthia “ Sindhi ” Diane Powell for her support to the first author (Robert Gary Lyon). Common name: Wadi Andhur Garra. Taxonomy: Garra sindhi was described by Lyon [R. G.], Geiger [M. F.] & Freyhof [J.] 2016: 80, figs. 2 - 5 [Zootaxa 4154 (no. 1] from Wadi Andhur, Dhofar province, Oman, 17 ° 34 ’ 6.956 ” N, 54 ° 42 ’ 17.518 ” E. The species name was dedicated to a woman, so there is a mandatory change to Garra sindhae (Fricke et al. 2022).	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0942B212EC95F8E024384974.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: ONHM 4196. Paratypes: FSJF, ONHM. Short description: Dorsal fin with I, 7 ½ rays, last simple ray slightly shorter than or equally long as head length; distal margin concave; origin at middle between snout tip and last scale on caudal-fin base; inserted anterior to vertical from pelvic-fin origin; first branched ray longest, tip of last branched ray reaching vertical of anus. Pectoral fin with I, 12 rays, reaching midway or slightly beyond distance between pectoral- and pelvic-fin origin, length shorter than head length. Pelvic fin with I, 7 – 8 rays, reaching to, or slightly in front of anus, origin closer to anal-fin origin than to pectoral-fin origin, inserted below second or fourth branched dorsal-fin ray. Anal fin short, with III, 5 ½ rays; first branched ray longest, reaching to dark grey or black blotch on posterior caudal peduncle or slightly anterior to it; distal margin concave; origin almost in middle between caudal-fin base and pelvic-fin origin. Two scales between anus and anal-fin origin. Caudal fin forked; with 9 + 8 branched rays; tip of lobes pointed; upper lobe longer than lower lobe. Garra sindhae is differentiated from other Garra species in the region by mental disc wider then long, 7 ½ branched dorsal-fin rays, dorsal fin hyaline or pale brown with black spots at bases of branched rays, 36 total lateral scales, 14 – 16 circumpeduncular scales, breast and belly behind pectoral-fin origin fully covered by deeply embedded scales, 8 – 12 gill rakers on lower limp of first gill arch.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0942B212EC95F8E024384974.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Wadi Andhur, Dhofar region, Oman (Fig. 27). Examined material: Based on holotype and paratypes (see Lyon et al. 2016).	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B094CB213EC95FC7224694BDD.taxon	description	Fig. 28	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B094CB213EC95FC7224694BDD.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Garra: named based on a vernacular Indian name, a fish living in mud; smartae: named in honour of Ms. Emma Smart, Dubai, in recognition of her studies of Arabian wadi fishes and her contributions to the conservation of freshwater habitats in Arabia. Common name: Wadi Hasik Garra. Taxonomy: Garra smarti was originally described by Krupp [F.] & Budd [K.] 2009: 117, figs. 1 - 4 [aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology v. 15 (no. 2)] Wadi Hasik, 17 ° 26.5 ’ 77 ” ’ N, 55 ° 13 ’ 40.11 ” E, Dhofar Province, Oman. The species name was dedicated to a woman, so there is a mandatory change to Garra smartae (Fricke et al. 2022).	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B094CB213EC95FC7224694BDD.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: SMF 31301. Paratypes: ONHM uncat. (5); SMF 31302 (4), 31303 (1). Short description: Garra smartae differs from all other Arabian Garra by the following combination of characters: elongate body with acutely pointed snout tip, consistently III, 7 ½ dorsal-fin rays, 34 – 35 scales in the lateral line, 14 – 16 circumpeduncular scale rows, breast and belly behind pectoral-fin origin fully covered by scales but scales on ventral midline and in front of pectoral-fin base deeply embedded and small or absent, 13 – 15 gill rakers on lower limb of first gill arch, mental disc small, usually longer than wide, anus closer to anal-fin origin than in any other Arabian Garra and no tubercle on snout.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B094CB213EC95FC7224694BDD.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Restricted to a large waterfall pool in the Hasik village, Dhofar region, Oman (Fig. 29). Here we record the second population of this fish in the Dhofar region (Fig. 29). Examined material: Based on holotype and paratypes (see Krupp & Budd 2009).	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B094EB211EC95FF4B24DF4974.taxon	description	Fig. 30	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B094EB211EC95FF4B24DF4974.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Eleotris: the name of a Nile fish, eleotris; acanthopomus: refers to the downward-pointing spine at the posterior margin of the preoperculum. Common name: Spine-cheek Gudgeon. Taxonomy: Eleotris acanthopomus was described by Bleeker [P.] 1853: 275 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 2)] from Western Sumatra, Indonesia.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B094EB211EC95FF4B24DF4974.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype (unique): RMNH 25934. Short description: D VI – I, 8; A I, 8; Pt 16; P 2 I, 5; LR 51; TR 16; Pred. S 41; P-V 3 / 1 II II 1 / 8; V 10 + 15 = 25. The species of this genus have a downward-pointing spine at the posterior margin of the preoperculum, which is covered with skin. The species are distinguished by the differences in the sensory papillae. Eleotris acanthopomus has 5 transverse rows of papillae below the eyes. The 2 nd and 4 th transverse rows extend downwards beyond the longitudinal row below them, but the 3 rd and 5 th do not. Two longitudinal rows on the operculum do not touch at the posterior ends. Inhabits mainly brackish water. Takes up life at the bottom before it reaches 2 cm SL. General distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Comoros, Seychelles; Indonesia east to Micronesia and French Polynesia, north to Ibaraki Prefecture (Japan), south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B094EB211EC95FF4B24DF4974.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Oman: Here, we report it for the first time in one locality (Wadi Hasik) located in the inland water body of Oman adjacent to the shore of the Arabian Sea (Fig. 31). Examined material: ZM-CBSU: S 103 - 1, 2, Oman: Dhofar Governorate, Salalah, Wadi Hasik, at Hasik Village, 17 ° 22 ’ 01.2 ” N, 55 ° 16 ’ 58.8 ” E, H. R. Esmaeili, S. M. Al-Jufaili, A. H. Masoumi, 04 Jan. 2022.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B094FB216EC95FC2A20DC493C.taxon	description	Fig. 32	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B094FB216EC95FC2A20DC493C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The Greek, ophis = serpent, kara = face; porocephala: refers to the snout shape. Common name: Spangled Gudgeon, Northern Mud Gudgeon. Taxonomy: Eleotris porocephala was originally described by Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1837: 237 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 12] from Seychelles. Lectotype: MNHN 2020 - 0477. Paralectotypes: MNHN A- 1573 (4) Seychelles, MNHN A- 1574 (2) New Ireland. Synonyms: Eleotris porocephala Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1837, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v. 12: 237. Eleotris ophicephalus Valenciennes (ex Kuhl and Van Hasselt) in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1837, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v. 12: 239. Eleotris madagascariensis Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1837, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v. 12: 240. Eleotris viridis Bleeker, 1849, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. Wet., v. 22: 22. Eleotris kuak Montrouzier, 1857, Ann. Soc. Imp. Agric. Hist. Nat. Lyon, v. 8 (1856): 465. Short description: Body stout, cylindrical; head dorsally flattened; anterior nostril long reaching lower margin of upper lip; mouth large, length of upper jaw 12.3 – 15.8 % SL; posterior end of maxillary extending to below central to posterior part of eye; gill opening extending beyond the posterior end of urohyal; teeth inwardly curved, thickly set on both jaws, large on outer row and anterior part of inner row of upper jaw, and large on anterior part of outer row and posterior part of inner row of lower jaw; two separate dorsal fins (D VI; I, 8 – 9); pectoral fins rounded (P 14 – 16); ventral fins separate; anal fin (A I, 7 – 8); caudal fin rounded (C 17); scales large, cycloid from snout to posterior part of head, mixed with ctenoid posteriorly to beginning of dorsal fin; ctenoid to eye on lateral side of head and to base of pelvic fins; lateral line absent; 33 – 37 mid-lateral scales; 12 – 14 horizontal scale rows; 18 – 26 predorsal scales; gill rakers 11 – 13; vertebrae 26 (rarely 27). General distribution: Indian Ocean: South Africa, East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east western Sumatra, southern Java and southern Bali (Indonesia). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B094FB216EC95FC2A20DC493C.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Oman: Janouf, Dhofar Governorate (Fig. 33).	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B094FB216EC95FC2A20DC493C.taxon	discussion	Comments: Kottelat (2013: 394) used the combination Ophiocara ophicephalus recognizing as first reviser Günther (1861: 107) who gave precedence to ophicephalus over porocephala. Treated as O. porocephala by Larson et al. (2017) and by an overwhelming number of ichthyologists in recent and past literature. The taxonomy of this species has never been reviewed and it may represent more than one species (see Parenti 2021). Examined material: ZM-CBSU: O 015. Op 101, 4, Oman: Janouf, 17 ° 02 ʹ 03 ʹʹN, 54 ° 16 ʹ 59 ʹʹE, Al-Jufaili, Nov. 2020.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0949B217EC95FEFB25694D47.taxon	description	Fig. 34	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0949B217EC95FEFB25694D47.taxon	etymology	Etymology: jayakari: named after Atmaram Sadashiv Grandin / Grovindin Jayakar (1844 – 1911), known also as Muscati, Indian naturalist, military physician, and colonial administrator, sent to Muscat by the Indian Medical Service. Common name: Longnose Goby, Arabian Freshwater Goby, Jayakar’s Goby. Taxonomy: Gobius jayakari was described by Boulenger [G. A.] 1888: 663, Pl. 54 (fig. 2) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887 (pt 4)] from a fresh water body near Muscat, Oman. Syntypes: BMNH 1887.11.11.234 - 237 (4). Synonym: Gobius percivali Boulenger, 1901, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1901, v. 1 (pt 1): 152, fig. 9 (Stream near Lahej [Al-houta], Yemen). Short description: Awaous jayakari belongs to the A. commersoni group (western Indian Ocean speciesgroup), which is characterized by the absence of scales on the opercle and preopercle). It is clearly distinguished from its closely related species from Africa, A. aeneofuscus, by the following characters: breast and pectoral base naked, pectoral base with 1 – 3 scales in adults (vs. pectoral base usually fully scaled), and the first dorsal fin with small brown spots and no distinct black spot in young or adults (vs. with marbling of small black spots and blotches, especially pronounced posteriorly, but no distinct white-edged black spot).	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0949B217EC95FEFB25694D47.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Oman (Wadi Shab and Darsit; Fig. 35), UAE, Yemen, Iran, Pakistan.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0949B217EC95FEFB25694D47.taxon	discussion	Remarks: It was already recorded from Wadi Shab and Darsit (Oman Sea side). Here we record several other populations of this fish in the Wadis adjacent to the coastal area of the Arabian Sea, Dhofar region (Fig. 35). Examined material: ZM-CBSU: AJ 1 - 24, 45, Oman: Dar Sait, 23 ° 36 ʹ 45 ʹʹN, 58 ° 32 ʹ 41 ʹʹE, S. M. Al-Jufaili.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B094AB22AEC95F9D5216C48E4.taxon	description	Fig. 36	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B094AB22AEC95F9D5216C48E4.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Cryptocentroides: the Greek, kryptos = hidden, kentron = sting; arabicus: refers to the Arabian Peninsula. Common name: Arabian Goby. Taxonomy: Gobius arabicus was originally described by Gmelin [J. F.] (ex Forsskål) 1789: 1198 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3)] form Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. No types known. Based on Gobius anguillaris (non Linnaeus, 1758) of Forsskål 1775: x, 23. Synonyms: Gobius anguillaris Forsskål (nec Linnaeus), 1775, Descr. Animalium: 23 (Jidda, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea). Misidentification of Gobius anguillaris Linnaeus, 1758. Gobius djiddensis Bonnaterre, 1788, Tabl. Encyclop. Méthod. Ichthyol. 64 (Red Sea). Gobius arabicus Gmelin, 1789, Systema Naturae Linné, v. 1 (pt 3): 1198. Nomen novum, replacement name for Gobius anguillaris Forsskål, 1775. Short description: Comparing with eastern Australian species, C. arabicus is distinguished from its congener C. insignis by having upper edge of operculum level with that of eye (vs. upper edge of eye above that of operculum), distance between lower edge of eye and upper jaw long and curved (vs. short and straight), posterior edge of preoperculum bent forward (vs. straight), soft and spinous parts of dorsal fin slightly separated (vs. closely connected), caudal fin pointed (vs. rounded), dorsal, pectoral and caudal fins yellowish, head and body with no spots, double dark bands on body, with zigzag shape (vs all fins with blueish colour, different sizes of blue spots distributed over head and body, dark bars on body straight and obliquely located) (Seale 1910; Jawad et al. 2021).	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B094AB22AEC95F9D5216C48E4.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden and Socotra to Persian Gulf. Occurs in very shallow water, living in a burrow in sediment. Probably associated with alpheid shrimp.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B094AB22AEC95F9D5216C48E4.taxon	discussion	Remarks: An established population of the Arabian Goby Cryptocentroides arabicus was discovered in one brackish water habitat (Al Bahayes), located in the inland water bodies of Oman adjacent to the shore of the Oman Sea (Jawad et al. 2021). Here we confirm its presence in four other localities (Hasik, Mugsil, Taqa and Wadi Shab), located in the inland water bodies of Oman adjacent to the shore of the Arabian Sea (Hasik, Mugsil, Taqa) and the Oman Sea (Wadi Shab) (Fig. 37). Examained material: ZM-CBSU: O 003. Ca 101,66, Oman: Al Bahayes, 23 ° 40 ʹ 38 ʹʹN, 58 ° 11 ʹ 34 ʹʹE, S. M. Al-Jufaili, Nov. 2020.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0974B22BEC95FCBA23174B84.taxon	description	Fig. 38 Common name: Blackthroat Goby.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0974B22BEC95FCBA23174B84.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Favonigobius: the Latin, favonius = gentle, favonianus = the west wind, gobius = gudgeon; melanobranchus: refers to the pigmented area in the median part of branchiostegal membranes in adult males. Taxonomy: Rhinogobius melanobranchus was originally described by Fowler [H. W.] 1934: 82, figs. 24 - 25 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 86] Den Pasar, southern Bali, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): ANSP 56333. Synonyms: Rhinogobius melanobranchus Fowler, 1934: 82. Rhinogobius atribranchiostegus Böhlke, 1984: 108. Silhouettea chaimi Goren, 1978: 197. Papillogobius melanobranchus (Fowler, 1934): Gill & Miller (1990): 522. Short description: Branchiostegal membranes meet on isthmus below the rear end of the preopercle; predorsal area naked, body scaled to the line between the posterior margin of the opercle and origin of the first dorsal fin; prepelvic area naked anteriorly, scales in 3 – 4 rows posteriorly, spines of the first dorsal fin, including the second spine, are not elongate; the tip of second spine of the first dorsal fin does not reaching tip of third spine when the fin is folded down; oculoscapular rows x 1 and x 2 separate; the median part of branchiostegal membranes is pigmented in adult males, pale in females and juveniles; spot located dorsally in caudal fin is clearly visible in fresh adult males and the pigmented area of the dorsal spot is still visible in the preserved adult males, lacking in females and juveniles; males with orange vertical lines on the body below the lateral midline, lost on preserved material. General	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0974B22BEC95FCBA23174B84.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and South Africa and Persian Gulf east to Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, south to northern Australia; Mediterranean Sea immigrant. Distribution in Oman: Sur (Fig. 39) (see Freyhof et al. 2020).	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0974B22BEC95FCBA23174B84.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The Blackthroat Goby is found in the estuaries and is occasionally accidently trapped in freshwaters. Examined material: Based on Freyhof et al. (2020).	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0975B229EC95F8C521844E1C.taxon	description	Fig. 40	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0975B229EC95F8C521844E1C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Glossogobius: the Greek, glossa = tongue, gobius = gudgeon. Common name: Oman Freshwater Goby. Taxonomy: Glossogobius tenuiformis was described by Fowler [H. W.] 1934: 496, fig. 49 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 86] from the St. Lucia Lake, 20 miles up, northern Zululand, Kwa-Zulu-Natal, South Africa.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0975B229EC95F8C521844E1C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: ANSP 60250. Paratypes: ANSP 60248 - 49 (1, 1). Short description: Glossogobius tenuiformis belongs to the G. giuris complex and is distinguished from G. giuris sensu stricto by each of the sensory papilla lines being composed of single rows (vs. 2 – 3 rows or more in several lines), the absence or very short (and often only a few papillae long) sensory papilla line 6 (vs. row 6 always distinctly present and long); lower pre-dorsal scale counts (7 – 16 vs. 15 – 24) and gill rakers on outer face of first arch 1 + 1 + 9 – 11 usually 1 + 1 + 10 (vs. 1 – 2 + 1 + 6 – 9, usually 1 – 2 + 1 + 7 – 8). Dorsal-fin rays VI, second dorsal-fin rays I, 9, anal-fin rays I, 8 – 9, pectoral-fin rays 17 – 21, caudal-fin rays 17, with 12 – 14 branched rays, pelvic-fins rays I, 5, lateral scales 28 – 32, transverse backward scales 8.5 – 10.5, predorsal scales 7 – 16, vertebrae 10 + 17 = 27.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0975B229EC95F8C521844E1C.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Glossogobius tenuiformis is currently known from its type locality, St. Lucia Lake, KwaZulu-Natal, localities along the South African coast from Mgeni River, Eastern Cape to KwaZulu Natal, and from Wadi Hasik and Wadi Shab, Oman (Fig. 41).	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0975B229EC95F8C521844E1C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822) was described from the Ganges River, India and is distributed in southern Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Socotra, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes, east to Society Islands, north to Philippines, south to Pilbara (Western Australia), Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia (Fricke et al. 2022). Based on uncertainty about the type locality of Glossogobius giuris and its widespread distribution, a comprehensive study has been suggested to define the taxonomical status of this taxon. Hammer et al. (2021) grouped the G. giuris complex in four lineages based on molecular studies: “ giuris A ” from Vietnam, Bangladesh and China; “ giuris B ” from South Africa and India; “ giuris C ” from India, Myanmar, Nepal, Bangladesh and Vietnam and “ giuris D ” from South Africa. The Oman populations of Glossogobius is placed in the “ giuris D ” group and it is now considered as G. tenuiformis (Al Jufaili et al. 2022). Examined material: ZM-CBSU: O 001. Gt 101, 21, Oman: Dhofar Governorate, Salalah, Wadi Hasik, at Hasik, 17 ° 22 ’ 01.2 ” N, 55 ° 16 ’ 58.8 ” E, H. R. Esmaeili, S. M. Al-Jufaili, A. H. Masoumi, 04 Jan. 2022. ZM-CBSU: O 002. Gt 126, 18, Oman: Sur in Al Sharqiyah South Governorate, Wadi Shab, 22 ° 50 ’ 01 ” N, 59 ° 14 ’ 20 ” E. H. R. Esmaeili, S. M. Al-Jufaili, A. H. Masoumi, 04 Jan. 2022. Remarks on Gobiiformes: Boleophthalmus dussumieri Valenciennes, 1837, Periopthalmus waltoni (Koaumans, 1941) and Scartelaos tenuis (Day, 1876) have also been reported from the mud flats of Oman (Randall 1995, Al Jufaili et al. 2010).	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0977B22FEC95FACA249C4B84.taxon	description	Fig. 42	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0977B22FEC95FACA249C4B84.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Planiliza refers to flattened head; macrolepis: large scale. Common name: Largescale Mullet. Taxonomy: Mugil macrolepis was described by Smith [A.] 1846: no pagination, Pl. 28 (fig. 2) [Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa v. 4] from rivers and freshwater lakes, South Africa.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0977B22FEC95FACA249C4B84.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype (unique): BMNH 1859.5.7. 56 (dry). Synonyms: Mugil adustus Bleeker [P.] 1854: 503 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 5 (no. 3). Mugil borneensis Bleeker [P.] 1851: 201 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2 (no. 2). Mugil crenilepis Castelnau [F. L.] 1861: 49 [Mémoire sur les poissons de l’Afrique austral]. Mugil cunnumboo Day [F.] 1865: 141, fig. The fishes of Malabar. Liza macrolepis (Smith, 1846), Dor 1984: 191. Chelon macrolepis (Smith, 1846), Randall 1995: 235. Short description: Body moderately robust, head depth equal to or greater than width, head flattened dorsally, snout length less than or equal to eye diameter, moderately pointed, upper lip with outer row of very close-set, small, peg-like unicuspid teeth, forming fine comb; 1 or 2 irregular rows of smaller, more wide-set teeth; inner rows well-spaced from outer row, lower lip directed forwards with small villiform teeth present or absent, vomer toothed, adipose eyefold poorly developed as rim around eye or absent, 35 – 78 gill rakers on lower limb of first gill arch, shorter than longest gill filament, dorsal-fin origin (first) closer to caudal- fin base than snout tip, anal-fin spines III, anal-fin soft rays 9, caudal fin emarginate, scales ctenoid, longitudinal series 32 or 33; transverse series 10 or 11; longitudinal series anterior to tip of pectoral fins 7 to 9, 21 or 22 anterior to origin of second dorsal fin, 16 scales in transverse series entirely around caudal peduncle, body greenish grey dorsally; flanks and abdomen silvery; fins grey or bluish with dusky margins and may appear yellowish at base; pectoral fins with golden base. General distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Socotra, Seychelles, Madagascar, Rodrigues (Mascarenes) and Persian Gulf east to Tuamotu Archipelago and Marquesas Islands, north to southern Korea, south to New Caledonia, Aitutaki (Cook Islands) and Austral Islands; also adjacent estuaries and fresh water habitats of Africa, Asia, Australia and Oceania. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. Distribution in Oman: Wadi Hasik, Dhofar Governorate (Fig. 43). Remarks: Planiliza macrolepis is a new record for the inland waters of Oman. Examined material: ZM-CBSU: O 001. Pm 101, 3, Oman: Dhofar Governorate, Salalah, Wadi Hasik, at Hasik, 17 ° 22 ’ 01.2 ” N, 55 ° 16 ’ 58.8 ” E, H. R. Esmaeili, S. M. Al-Jufaili, A. H. Masoumi, 04 Jan. 2022.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0971B22CEC95FD0A22734B69.taxon	description	Fig. 44	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0971B22CEC95FD0A22734B69.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Ambassis: derived from Greek, anabasis = climbing up; gymnocephalus: short head. Common name: Bald Glassy. Taxonomy: Lutjanus gymnocephalus was described by Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1802: 181, 216 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4] from Le grand Océan équinoxal or dans les parties de ce grand Océan voisines des tropiques ” [Indo-Pacific].	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0971B22CEC95FD0A22734B69.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: No types known. Synonyms: Lutianus gymnocephalus Lacepede, 1801: PI. 23, fig. 3, 1802: pp. 181, 216 (Indo-Pacific). Ambassis gymnocephalus: Smith, 1961: 246; Hill, 1966: 22; Winterbottom, 1976: 62. Short description: A large deep-bodied glassfish, with a relatively small head, dorsal-fin rays VIll, 8 – 10; anal-fin rays III, 8 – 10; pectoral-fin rays 14 – 15; lateral line interrupted, with 12 – 13 pored scales + 12 – 13; gill rakers (8 – 10) + (22 – 25); 2 rows of cheek scales. Supraorbital spines 1 – 5 (usually 3 or 4, Oman specimens 2 or 3); lower edge and angle of preopercle serrate; preopercle ridge completely serrate along lower limb; a large retrorse spine on preorbital just below anterior nostril; preorbital ridge smooth or serrate; interopercle smooth except for 1 or (rarely) 2 small spines. A row of minute teeth on vomer, palatines and tongue. General distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to Taiwan, south to Cairns (Queensland, Australia). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0971B22CEC95FD0A22734B69.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Oman: Al Bahayes, Muscat Governorate (Fig. 45). It is a richly vegetated Wadi, adjusted to the Oman Sea coastal area. Remarks: Ambassis gymnocephalus is a new fish record for the Oman inland waters. Examined material: ZM-CBSU: O 006. Ag 101, 14, Oman: Qurum, 23 ° 37 ’ 38 ” N, 58 ° 29 ’ 00 ” E, H. R. Esmaeili, S. M. Al-Jufaili, A. H. Masoumi, Sep. 2021.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0972B222EC95F936249A493D.taxon	description	Fig. 46	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0972B222EC95F936249A493D.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Oreochromis: Latin, aurum = gold + Greek, chromis = a fish, perhaps a perch; niloticus: refers to the Nile River. Common name: Nile Tilapia. Taxonomy: Perca nilotica was described by Linnaeus [C.] 1758: 290 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1] from Nile River. Holotype:? NRM LP 10. Synonyms: Chromis triacantha Bowdich [S. L.] 1825: 235, fig. 52 [Fishes of Madeira; ref. 590] Gambia River. Tilapia calciati Gianferrari [L.] 1924: 242, fig. [Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali di Milano v. 63. Tilapia regani, Poll [M.] 1932: 32, Pls. 1 (fig. 2), 2 (fig. 2) [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 23 (no. 1). Tilapia vulcani Trewavas [E.] 1933: 315, fig. 1 [The Journal of the Linnaean Society of London. Zoology v. 38 (no. 259). Tilapia inducta Trewavas [E.] 1933: 317, fig. 2 [The Journal of the Linnaean Society of London. Zoology v. 38 (no. 259). Short description: Dorsal-fin spines 15 – 18, dorsal-fin soft rays 11 – 13, anal-fin rays III, 9 – 11, vertebrae 30 – 32. Oreochromis niloticus differs from O. mossambicus another introduced fish to the Arabian Peninsula by having 3 – 40 dark grey to black regularly shaped and set bars on caudal fin (increasing with fish size), all flank scales with dark-grey scale pockets, tip of membrane between dorsal-fin spine black, nuptial male whitish with pink anterior body and caudal fin. General distribution: North and East Africa. Widely introduced elsewhere, including Mississippi and Florida (U. S. A.), Mexico, Honduras, Costa Rica, Brazil, Ecuador, Uruguay, Argentina, Madagascar, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and southern Japan. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0972B222EC95F936249A493D.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Oman: It is widely distributed and established in Wadis and Aflaj (Fig. 47). Examined material: ZM-CBSU: O 003. On 101, 12, Oman: Dhofar Governorate: Wadi Darbat, 17 ° 05 ’ 55 ” N, 54 ° 27 ’ 04 ” E, H. R. Esmaeili, S. M. Al-Jufaili, A. H Masoumi, 02 Jan. 2022. ZM-CBSU: O 005 - On 113, 17, Oman: Ain Razat, 17 ° 07 ’ 46 ” N, 54 ° 14 ’ 19 ” E, H. R Esmaeili, S. M. Al-Jufaili, A. H. Masoumi, Jan. 2022.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B097CB223EC95FBE221E94B4C.taxon	description	Fig. 48	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B097CB223EC95FBE221E94B4C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Aphaniops: Aphanius - opsis, resembling Aphanius; kruppi: named for Dr. Fareed Krupp for his valuable contributions to the explorations of the freshwater fishes of the Middle East. Common name: Omani Killifish, Omani Tooth-carp. Taxonomy: Aphanius kruppi was described by Freyhof [J.], Weissenbacher [A.] & Geiger [M. F.] 2017: 561, figs. 2 - 5 [Zootaxa 4338 (no. 3)] from a spring in Al Mudayrib, Oman, 22 ° 36 ’ 46 ” N, 58 ° 40 ’ 31 ” E.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B097CB223EC95FBE221E94B4C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: ZFMK-ICH 103668. Paratype: FSJF. Plus additional non-type material. Short description: Aphaniops kruppi is distinguished from the other Aphaniops in the Arabian Peninsula by combination of the following characters: Male with 9 – 14 brown or grey flank bars between pectorals, pelvic and caudal-fin bases, often associated into blotches in front of pelvic-fin base. Females with a diamond-shaped or vertically elongate black or dark brown blotch at caudal-fin base. Dorsal-fin branched rays 6 ½ – 7 ½, anal-fin branched rays 7 ½ – 8 ½, caudal-fin branched rays 8 + 7 – 8 + 8, pectoral-fin rays 14 – 16, pelvic-fin rays 6 – 7. Trunk and head entirely scaled, scales large and cycloid in females, with small cteni in males, scale above pectoral-fin origin enlarged, one scale row on upper part of opercle, flank with 24 – 28 scales along lateral series, two or three additional rows of small scales on anterior caudal-fin base, 9, rarely 10 scale rows between dorsal- and pelvic-fin origins, caudal peduncle with 16, rarely 14, circumpeduncular scales. Lateral line incomplete, with 9 – 15 pores, scales pored mostly behind vertical of pelvic-fin origin. Teeth tricuspid, median tip is longer than laterals.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B097CB223EC95FBE221E94B4C.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Wadi Bani Khalid drainage; Al Bahayes, Al Seeb, Muscat Goveronate; Al Amirat, Muscat Goveronate; Dar Seit, Muscat, Muscat Governorate; Mudharieb, Al Sharqiya Governorate; Wadi Darbat, Dhofar Governorate; Hasik, Dhofar Governorate; Mugsail, Dhofar Governorate; Raysut, Dhofar Governorate; Ain Razat, Dhofar Governorate; Sadah, Dhofar Governorate; Soub, Dhofar Governorate; Galaji, Al Sharqiya Governorate; Al Wasil, Al Sharqiya Governorate; Wadi Bani Khalid (northern Oman and eastern Yemen); Ibra, Al Sharqiya Governorate; Surur, Samail, Ad Dakhiliyah Governorate; Ain Jarziz, Dhofar Governorate; Ain Hamran, Dhofar Governorate; Mirbat, Dhofar Governorate; Wadi Anshir, Dhofar Governorate; Ain Sahalnout, Dhofar Governorate; Taqa, Dhofar Governorate; Al Qabil, Al Sharqiya Governorate; Sur bridge, Sur, Al Sharqiya Governorate Conservation (Fig. 49). Remarks: Several populations of this tooth-carp fish are reported here (Fig. 49). Examined material: ZM-CBSU: O 001. Ak 101, 90, Oman: Dhofar Governorate, Salalah, Wadi Hasik, at Hasik, 17 ° 22 ’ 01.2 ” N, 55 ° 16 ’ 58.8 ” E, H. R. Esmaeili, S. M. Al-Jufaili, A. H Masoumi, 04 Jan. 2022. ZM-CBSU: O 003. Ak 191, 56, Oman: Dhofar Governorate, Wadi Darbat, 17 ° 05 ’ 55 ” N, 54 ° 27 ’ 04 ” E, H. R. Esmaeili, S. M. Al-Jufaili, A. H. Masoumi, 02 Jan. 2022.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B097EB221EC95FA6123CC4CDF.taxon	description	Fig. 50	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B097EB221EC95FA6123CC4CDF.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Aphaniops: Aphanius - opsis, resembling Aphanius; stoliczkanus: named for Moravian zoologist Ferdinand Stoliczka (1838 - 1874) who worked in India for a number of years. Common name: Arabian Killifish, Arabian Tooth-carp. Taxonomy: Cyprinodon stoliczkanus Day [F.] 1872: 258 [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 41 (pt 2, nos 1 - 4)] from a stream at the village Joorun and along edge of the Rann River, Lodai, India, 22 ° 30 ’ N, 69 ° 20 ’ E. It was considered as Aphaniops stoliczkanus (Day 1872) by Esmaeili et al. (2020: 5). Syntypes: (28) AMS B. 7730 - 31 (2), BMNH 1889.2.1.2065 - 2074 (orig. 21), ZSI 1477 - 78 (1, 1). Short description: Aphaniops stoliczkanus is distinguished from the other Aphaniops in the Arabian Peninsula by combination of the following characters: male usually with wide grey or brown bars at caudal peduncle; tip of dorsal fin reaching to end of hypural complex in nuptial males larger than 40 mm SL; female with a midlateral series of narrow bars, not much wider in upper part. General distribution: Middle East: Shores of Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, and easternmost Mediterranean Sea basin; Socotra (northwestern Indian Ocean). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B097EB221EC95FA6123CC4CDF.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Oman: Ain Musala, Al Hamra, Ad Dakhiliyah Governorate; Al Hail, Al Seeb, Muscat Governorate; Al Wasit, Al Bureimi Governorate; Wadi Hoqain, Al Rustaq, Al Batinah Governorate; Nakhal, Al Batinah Governorate; Wadi Shab, Al Sharqiyah Governorate; Wadi Arabieen, Muscat Governorate; Sink Hole, Bimmah, Quriyat, Muscat Governorate; Bawshar Misfat, Muscat Governorate; Mudabagha, Dima Wattayeen, Al Sharqiyah Governorate; Luzug, Ad Dakhiliyah Governorate; Al Samdi, Samail, Ad Dakhiliyah Governorate; Wadi Al Athaiba, Muscat Governorate; Nizwa, Ad Dakhiliyah Governorate; Falaj Al Mashayekh, Jalaan, Al Sharqiya Governorate; Wadi Khabbah; Wadi Fanja (Fig. 51). Examined material: ZM-CBSU: O 004. As 101, 35, Oman: Al Amirat, 23 ° 30 ʹ 01 ʹʹN, 58 ° 29 ʹ 37 ʹʹE, H. R. Esmaeili, S. M. Al-Jufaili, A. H. Masoumi Sep. 2021. ZM-CBSU: O 002. As 136, 70, Oman: Sur in Al Sharqiyah South Governorate, Wadi Shab, 22 ° 50 ’ 01 ” N, 59 ° 14 ’ 20 ” E, S. M. Al-Jufaili, Nov. 2020	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0978B227EC95F993227D4D81.taxon	description	Fig. 52	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0978B227EC95F993227D4D81.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Poecilia: Greek, poikilos = with a lot of colours; latipinna: from the Latin word latus (stem lat), meaning wide, broad, and pinna for fin. Common name: Sailfin Molly. Taxonomy: Mollienesia tipinna was originally described by Lesueur [C. A.] 1821: 3, pl. 3 [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 2 (pt 1)] from freshwater ponds in the vicinity of New Orleans, Louisiana, U. S. A. Lectotype: MNHN B- 0929. Paralectotypes: MNHN 2019 - 0187 [ex MNHN B- 0929] (7). Synonyms: Poecilia lineolata Girard [C. F.] 1858: 170 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 10. Limia matamorensis Girard [C. F.] 1859: 117 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11. Poecilia multilineata Lesueur [C. A.] 1821: 4, Pl. 1 [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 2 (pt 1). Limia poeciloides Girard [C. F.] 1858: 170 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 10. Short description: Male with large sail-like dorsal fin having 12 – 16 fin rays, dorsal-fin origin in front of vertical of pelvic-fin origin. The Mexican Molly Poecilia sphenops, another introduced fish to the Arabian Peninsula has a dorsal fin with usually 9 rays, not forming a sail and dorsal-fin origin behind vertical of pelvic-fin origin. General distribution: North America: southeastern U. S. A. to Tuxpan, Mexico; introduced widely elsewhere.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0978B227EC95F993227D4D81.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Oman: Al Bahayes and Al-Amarat (Al Amirat), Muscat Governorate (Fig. 53). Both Wadi Al-Bahayes and Al-Amarat are richly vegetated, with the former being flat brackish water body and the latter is a mountainous area (see Al Jufaili & Jawad, 2020).	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B0978B227EC95F993227D4D81.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Among the methods of introducing an alien species is the aquarium trade, which proves to be the eminent introduction pathway. Both Wadi Al-Bahayes and Al-Amarat where the fish specimens collected have aquarium shops that deal with freshwater fish species of all sorts. There are two possibilities for the presence of P. latipinna in the inland waters of Oman. First, the fish may have been released to any of these two localities by ornamental fish hobbyist. Second, specimens of P. latipinna may have been mixed with fish specimens brought from neighboring countries in an aim to combat mosquitos that transmit malaria. This introduction was made by the Ministry of Health in Oman during the early 1990 s (Al Jufaili & Jawad 2020). Examined material: ZM-CBSU: O 003. Pl 101, 9, Oman: Al Bahayes, 23 ° 40 ʹ 38 ʹʹN, 58 ° 11 ʹ 34 ʹʹE, H. R. Esmaeili, S. M. Al-Jufaili, A. H. Masoumi, Apr. 2022.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B097AB225EC95F94021324B85.taxon	description	Fig. 54	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
03FBBC4B097AB225EC95F94021324B85.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Its deprecated junior homonym is Therapon. It was introduced since “ Terapon ” was perceived as an incorrect rendering of the Greek word therapon. In fact, the intended etymology was Greek: teras = “ strange thing, monster, wonder ” (cf. teratosaurus) + Greek: pontios = “ marine ”, pertaining to the sea. jarbua: first named using the Arabic name “ Djarbua ” in a draft by Peter Forsskål. Common name: Jarbua Terapon. Taxonomy: Sciaena jarbua was described by Fabricius [J. C.] in Niebuhr (ex Forsskål) 1775: xii, 44, 50 [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål)] from Djiddae (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea). Lectotype: ZMUC P 43571 (dry skin). Paralectotypes: ZMUC P 43572 (1, dry skin). Short description: Body oblong moderately and laterally compressed, dorsal-fin rays XI-XII, 9 – 11; anal-fin rays III, 7 – 10; pectoral-fin rays 13 – 14; gill rakers 6 – 8 + 13 – 16 = 19 – 24, pored lateral line scales 75 – 100; horizontal scale rows above lateral line 13 – 17; caudal fin emarginate. Lower opercular spine very large extending well beyond the opercular flap. Post temporal bone exposed posteriorly and serrate. Body silvery white with 3 – 4 curved stripes from nape to hind part of body, the lowermost continuing across the middle of the caudal fin; spinous part of dorsal fin with a blackish blotch dorsally on membranes between third and sixth spines; caudal fin with stripes, the lobes with dark tips.	en	Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan, Zarei, Fatah (2022): Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman. Zootaxa 5134 (4): 451-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1
