identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9F6604729FE967AE446E47F362B84A48.text	9F6604729FE967AE446E47F362B84A48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haplodrassus Chamberlin 1922	<div><p>Haplodrassus Chamberlin, 1922</p><p>Type species:</p><p>Drassus hiemalis Emerton, 1909.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Male palp with large terminal apophysis, thick embolus, hooked median apophysis and RTA flattened, often shifted dorsally. Epigyne with thick sclerotized lateral pockets and with one anterior hood. Posterior median eyes close together, separated by their radius or less (Platnick and Shadab 1975; Levy 2004). Haplodrassus is most related to Orodrassus Chamberlin, 1922 with three species from the Nearctic, but differs by having a flattened RTA (bifid or laterally expanded in Orodrassus), lacking a median epigynal projection (present in Orodrassus) and by the presence of lateral epigynal sclerites (absent in Orodrassus) (Platnick and Shadab 1975).</p><p>In terms of habitus and coloration Haplodrassus resembles only two other genera that occur in Crimea and the eastern Mediterranean: Parasyrisca Schenkel, 1963 and, to a lesser extent, Drassodes Westring, 1851. However, Haplodrassus is easily distinguished by having a large terminal apophysis (absent in the other genera), a flat retrolateral tibial apophysis widened dorsally (conical or flat and tapering in Drassodes and Parasyrisca), a broad embolus (cylindrical or hidden in the other genera), and the presence of heavily sclerotized lateral epigynal pockets (absent in Drassodes and Parasyrisca).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Holarctic and India (Platnick 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9F6604729FE967AE446E47F362B84A48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kovblyuk, Mykola M.;Kastrygina, Zoya A.;Omelko, Mikhail M.	Kovblyuk, Mykola M., Kastrygina, Zoya A., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2012): A review of the spider genus Haplodrassus Chamberlin, 1922 in Crimea (Ukraine) and adjacent areas (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). ZooKeys 205: 59-89, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491
04B5F2495FB25E5EFEECAC5A70785D74.text	04B5F2495FB25E5EFEECAC5A70785D74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haplodrassus bohemicus Miller & Buchar 1977	<div><p>Haplodrassus bohemicus Miller &amp; Buchar, 1977 Figs 1 –610– 12</p><p>Haplodrassus bohemicus Miller and Buchar 1977: 163, pl. II, f. 1-6 (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus bohemicus: Stefanovska et al. 2008: 37, f. 10-15 (♂♀).</p><p>Material.</p><p>UKRAINE, CRIMEA: Saky Distr.: 12 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (TNU), near Pribrezhnaya railway station, 30.04.-24.06.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk.</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>UKRAINE. Nikolaev Area: 6 ♂♂ (TNU), Pervomaysky Distr., Kuripchane Vil., 5.05.-8.06.2006, N.Yu. Polchaninova. Kherson Area: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (TNU), Henichesk Distr., Arabatskaya strelka, 4 km S Henichesk Town, 23.05.-10.06.2011, N.A. Stasyuk. Donetsk Area: 4 ♂♂ (TNU), Pershotravnevy Distr., Belosaraiskaya Kosa, 11-22.06.2001, E.V. Prokopenko; 2 ♂♂ (TNU), Novoazovsk Distr., Khomutovo Vil., "Khomutovskaya Steppe", N47°16', E38°10', 15-20.06.2004, N.Yu. Polchaninova; 1 ♂ (TNU), Slavyansky Distr., Svyatogorsk Town, N49°02', E37°39', 8-30.06.2004, N.Yu. Polchaninova. RUSSIA. Rostov Area: 7 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (TNU), Ust’ -Donetsk Distr., near Razdorskaya Vil., "Pukhlyakovskye sklony", 10.05.-28.06.2004, A.V. Ponomarev.</p><p>Comparative material.</p><p>Haplodrassus pugnans (Simon, 1880): RUSSIA, Magadan Area: 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀ (ISEA, БИ- 930), Ten’kynskyi Distr., env. Sibit-Tyellakh, Aborigen Field Station, Betula, 12-22.06.1983, A.V. Avershin.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Haplodrassus bohemicus is most similar to Haplodrassus pugnans (Simon, 1880), Haplodrassus signifer (C.L. Koch, 1839) and Haplodrassus pseudosignifer Marusiket al. 1996, but differs: 1) by the shape of RTA having a “step” -like dorsal margin (RTA dorsal margin without “step” in Haplodrassus pugnans, Haplodrassus signifer and Haplodrassus pseudosignifer); 2) by the apically directed embolus lacking a tooth (retrolaterally directed embolus with a tooth in Haplodrassus pugnans, Haplodrassus signifer and Haplodrassus pseudosignifer); 3) by the outlines of epigynal sclerites and relative proportions of the epigynal fovea (cf. Figs 10, 12 and 13, 75, 78).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male measurements (n = 5). Total length 5.8-7.5 (6.7); carapace 2.7-3.2 (3.0) long, 2.0-2.6 (2.3) wide. Diameters of eyes and distances between them: AM 0.10-0.15 (0.12), AL 0.10-0.16 (0.13), PM 0.15-0.22 (0.19), PL 0.10-0.14 (0.12), AM-AM 0.09-0.12 (0.10), AM-AL 0.03-0.04 (0.04), PM-PM 0.03-0.04 (0.03), PM-PL 0.12-0.16 (0.14), AM-PM 0.12-0.18 (0.15), AL-PL 0.10-0.16 (0.14). Distances between anterior eyes and margin of clypeus: AM-clypeus 0.18-0.22 (0.20), AL-clypeus 0.10-0.18 (0.15).</p><p>Length of leg segments (male):</p><p>Length of palp segments: femur 1.0-1.2 (1.1), patella 0.4-0.5 (0.5), tibia 0.3-0.5 (0.4), tarsus 1.0-1.2 (1.0). Cheliceral teeth: anterior - 2 (little; proximal tooth connected with keel of cheliceral groove), posterior - 2. Abdomen 2.9-4.0 (3.6) long, 1.8-2.2 (2.0) wide. Scutum is absent. Basal segment of anterior (inferior) spinnerets 0.5-0.6 (0.6) long. Coloration light brown, as in most Haplodrassus species.</p><p>Palp as in Figs 1-6. RTA with a “step” (St) on the promargin, terminal apophysis almost straight, without distinct ridge, embolus slightly twisted and lacks a tooth.</p><p>Female measurements (n = 2). Total length 7.8-8.0; carapace 2.7-3.5 long, 2.0-2.7 wide. Abdomen 4.3-5.1 long, 2.7-3.1 wide. Coloration light brown, as in most Haplodrassus species.</p><p>Epigyne as in Figs 10-12. Lateral pockets long, sub-parallel, spermathecae globular. Fovea of epigyne without narrow longitudinal groove.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Czech Republic, Macedonia, Greece, Ukraine (Nikolaev, Kherson, Donetsk Areas, Crimea), Russia (Rostov and Stavropol Areas, Kalmykya, Dagestan) (Miller and Buchar 1977; Ponomarev and Tsvetkov 2006; Stefanovska et al. 2008; Ponomarev et al. 2011; present data).</p><p>Comments.</p><p>Haplodrassus bohemicus is a new species record for the Crimean fauna.</p><p>Habitats.</p><p>Meadows, steppes and sand dunes.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>♂♀ - V-VI. In Crimea the peak activity of adults occurs in May.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/04B5F2495FB25E5EFEECAC5A70785D74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kovblyuk, Mykola M.;Kastrygina, Zoya A.;Omelko, Mikhail M.	Kovblyuk, Mykola M., Kastrygina, Zoya A., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2012): A review of the spider genus Haplodrassus Chamberlin, 1922 in Crimea (Ukraine) and adjacent areas (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). ZooKeys 205: 59-89, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491
1FC1D41AFC1ABE5EDD4218B216FA135C.text	1FC1D41AFC1ABE5EDD4218B216FA135C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haplodrassus cognatus (Westring 1861) Westring 1861	<div><p>Haplodrassus cognatus (Westring, 1861) Figs 15-16</p><p>Haplodrassus cognatus: Tullgren 1946: 106, f. 31C, pl. 17, f. 221-224 (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus cognatus: Miller and Buchar 1977: 168, pl. III, f. 8-10 (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus cognatus: Grimm 1985: 134, f. 155, 168-169 (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus cognatus: Roberts 1998: 109, f. (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus cognatus: Almquist 2006: 407, f. 351 a–f (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus cognatus: Kamura 2007: 97, f. 7-8 (♂).</p><p>Haplodrassus cognatus: Kamura 2009: 485, f. 32-34 (♂♀). For a complete list of references see Platnick (2012).</p><p>Records from Crimea.</p><p>Bragina (1984); Kovblyuk (2004a,b, 2006); Kovblyuk et al. (2008).</p><p>Note.</p><p>The earlier record of Haplodrassus cognatus from Crimea was based on specimens of unknown sex and number from Karadag Nature Reserve (Bragina 1984). Haplodrassus cognatus is absent in our material from Crimea, although we have large collections, especially from the Karadag Reserve). It is reasonable to conclude that the earlier records of Haplodrassus cognatus from Crimea represent a misidentified material.</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>UKRAINE. Donetsk Area: 1 ♀ (TNU), Slavyansky Distr., Svyatogorsk Town, N49°02', E37°39', Quercus, 7.06-9.07.2005, N.Yu. Polchaninova.</p><p>Comparative material.</p><p>Haplodrassus silvestris (Blackwall, 1833): UKRAINE. Chernovtsy Area: 1 ♂ (TNU № 2153), Tsetsyno Town, Fagus wood, 23.04-18.05.2009, V.V. Garashchuk &amp; T.O. Auzyak. Kharkiv Area: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (TNU), Veliko-Burlukskiy Distr., Nesterivka Vill., N49°53', E37°17', 14.06-14.07.2003, N.Yu. Polchaninova. RUSSIA. Belgorod Area: 1 ♀ (TNU), Borisobsky Distr., Borisovka Town, "Les na Vorkle" Reserve, N50°38', E35°58', 5.07.unknown year, N.Yu. Polchaninova.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Haplodrassus cognatus can be distinguished from all other Haplodrassus species by its straight terminal apophysis with a basal tooth in males, and by the shape of the fovea and wide anterior hood (Ah) in females.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>It has a trans-Palearctic boreo-nemoral range and occurs from France to Hokkaido, north to north Ural and Tomsk, and south to Greece (Marusik et al. 2000; Helsdingen 2010; Platnick 2012).</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>In Central Europe ♂♀ - III-X (Nentwig et al. 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1FC1D41AFC1ABE5EDD4218B216FA135C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kovblyuk, Mykola M.;Kastrygina, Zoya A.;Omelko, Mikhail M.	Kovblyuk, Mykola M., Kastrygina, Zoya A., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2012): A review of the spider genus Haplodrassus Chamberlin, 1922 in Crimea (Ukraine) and adjacent areas (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). ZooKeys 205: 59-89, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491
EA65A976FD5341D7C7DD54776F3707C5.text	EA65A976FD5341D7C7DD54776F3707C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haplodrassus dalmatensis (L. Koch 1866) L. Koch 1866	<div><p>Haplodrassus dalmatensis (L. Koch, 1866) Figs 22 –2428– 29</p><p>Haplodrassus dalmatensis: Tullgren 1946: 100, pl. 16, f. 201-203 (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus dalmatensis: Miller and Buchar 1977: 170, pl. IV, f. 1-3 (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus dalmatensis: Grimm 1985: 138, f. 156, 164-165 (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus dalmatensis: Roberts 1985: 66, f. 24a (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus dalmatensis: Roberts 1998: 110, f. (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus dalmatensis: Levy 2004: 23, f. 57-61 (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus dalmatensis: Almquist 2006: 408, f. 352 a–e (♂♀). For a complete list of references see Platnick (2012).</p><p>Records from Crimea.</p><p>Apostolov and Onchurov (1998); Onchurov (1998); Mikhailov (2000); Kovblyuk (2004a,b, 2006); Kovblyuk et al. (2008).</p><p>Material.</p><p>UKRAINE, CRIMEA:Bakhchisaray Distr.: 1 ♂ (TNU), Crimean State Nature Reserve, kordon Asport, 29.06.2001, M.M. Kovblyuk. Feodosiya Distr.: 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ (TNU), Karadag Nature Reserve, 25.05.2003-21.11.2008, M.M. Kovblyuk, O.V. Kukushkin, A.A. Nadolny. Saky Distr.: 5 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀ (TNU), near Pribrezhnaya railway station, 19.05.-3.07.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk. Sevastopol Distr.: 2 ♂ (EMZ), Khersones, 29.05.1996 &amp; 19.06.1998, M.M. Kovblyuk. Simferopol Distr.: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (EMZ), near Simferopol water reservoir, 30.05.1996, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 ♀ (TNU), near Fersmanovo Vill., ~ 250 m, 23.06.-16.07.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 ♀ (TNU), Chatyr-Dagh, Orlinoe canyon, 10-25.06.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (TNU), near Skvortsovo Vill., 19.05.-10.07.2002, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 ♀ (TNU), Krasnolesye Vill., 10.07.2002, Ya.I. Ibragimova. Sudak Distr.: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (TNU), 10 km W Sudak, Mezhdurechie Vill., 23.05-24.06.2010, M.K. Yusufova.</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>UKRAINE. Kherson Area: 1 ♂ (TNU), Henichesk Distr., Arabatskaya strelka, 4 km S Henichesk Town, 1-10.06.2010, N.A. Stasyuk; 1 ♀ (TNU), Arabatskaya strelka, 7 km S Henichesk Town, 6.07.2010, N.A. Stasyuk.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Haplodrassus dalmatensis can be easily distinguished from all other congeners by the shape of the terminal apophysis with two tooth-like apical processes and by the strong tooth on the embolus in males, and also by the shape of the epigynal fovea with a peculiar medial septum and converging lateral pockets in females.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>West and Central Palaearctic: North Africa, Europe, South Urals, Caucasus, Anatolia, Near East, Kazakhstan, Western Turkmenistan and mountains of South Siberia (Mikhailov 2000; Tuneva and Esyunin 2003; Levy 2004; Helsdingen 2010).</p><p>Habitats.</p><p>Juniper forests, forest strips (=shelterbelts), grasslands, steppes, meadows, salt marshes.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>In Crimea ♂♀ - V-VI, ♀♀ - VII, XI-XII, the peak of activity in adults occurs in June. In Britain, the peak is in June (Harvey et al. 2002), as in Crimea. In Central Europe ♂♀ - IV-VII (Nentwig et al. 2011). In Israel the phenology is very different: ♂♀ - I-IV, ♂♂ - XII, ♀♀ - V-VII (Levy 2004).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA65A976FD5341D7C7DD54776F3707C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kovblyuk, Mykola M.;Kastrygina, Zoya A.;Omelko, Mikhail M.	Kovblyuk, Mykola M., Kastrygina, Zoya A., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2012): A review of the spider genus Haplodrassus Chamberlin, 1922 in Crimea (Ukraine) and adjacent areas (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). ZooKeys 205: 59-89, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491
9A8150AAF4DB255B613B95FA8FCB69AD.text	9A8150AAF4DB255B613B95FA8FCB69AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haplodrassus invalidus (O. P. - Cambridge 1872) O. P. - Cambridge 1872	<div><p>Haplodrassus invalidus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) Figs 32-34</p><p>Drassus invalidus O. P.-Cambridge, 1872a: 237, pl. 15, f. 14 (♂).</p><p>Haplodrassus vignai Di Franco, 1996: 173, f. 1-4 (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus invalidus: Levy 2004: 31, f. 70-73 (♂♀). For a complete list of references see Platnick (2012).</p><p>Material.</p><p>AZERBAIJAN. 1 ♂ (TNU), Gobustan, Beyuk-Dash, 17.05.2001, E.F. Huseynov.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Males of Haplodrassus invalidus can be distinguished from all other Haplodrassus species by the peculiar thin embolus with an inner spur-like process, and also the peculiar shape of the RTA, which is not indented and has a claw-like tip (Figs 32-34).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Well described by Levy (2004).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Spain, Corsica, Italy (mainland and Sicily), Turkey, Israel and Azerbaijan (Levy 2004; Platnick 2012; present data).</p><p>Comments.</p><p>Haplodrassus invalidus is a new species record for the fauna of Azerbaijan, Caucasus and the former Soviet Union. Azerbaijan is the easternmost point of the known distribution range.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A8150AAF4DB255B613B95FA8FCB69AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kovblyuk, Mykola M.;Kastrygina, Zoya A.;Omelko, Mikhail M.	Kovblyuk, Mykola M., Kastrygina, Zoya A., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2012): A review of the spider genus Haplodrassus Chamberlin, 1922 in Crimea (Ukraine) and adjacent areas (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). ZooKeys 205: 59-89, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491
2FA3B5621D53E9C128783A5E24357EEF.text	2FA3B5621D53E9C128783A5E24357EEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haplodrassus isaevi Ponomarev & Tsvetkov 2006	<div><p>Haplodrassus isaevi Ponomarev &amp; Tsvetkov, 2006 Figs 25 –2730– 31</p><p>Haplodrassus isaevi Ponomarev &amp; Tsvetkov, 2006: 9, f. 12-14 (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus isaevi: Piterkina and Ovtsharenko 2007: 1426, f. 1.1-6 (♂♀).</p><p>Records from Crimea.</p><p>Kovblyuk et al. (2008); Kovblyuk et al. (2009).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>RUSSIA, ROSTOV AREA: 3 ♂♂ paratypes (TNU from CP 18.24.8), Orlovskyi Distr., Rostov Reserve, 6.10.2002, A.V. Ponomarev.</p><p>Material.</p><p>UKRAINE, CRIMEA: Sudak Distr.: 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (TNU), 10 km W Sudak, Mezhdurechie Vill., 3.10.-7.11.2010, A.K. Yusufova. Feodosiya Distr.: 21 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀ (TNU), Karadag Nature Reserve, 28.05.2003-19.12.2008, M.M. Kovblyuk, O.V. Kukushkin.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Haplodrassus isaevi is most similar to Haplodrassus dalmatensis but differs by the shape of the terminal apophysis, which has only one tooth-like process (two tooth-like apical processes in Haplodrassus dalmatensis), in lacking a tooth on the embolus (embolic tooth present in Haplodrassus dalmatensis), and also by the proportions of the epigyne. Differences also occur in the spination of certain leg segments: male metatarsus I with two ventral spines in Haplodrassus isaevi, but without spines in Haplodrassus dalmatensis; female metatarsus IV with 4-5 retrolateral spines in Haplodrassus isaevi, but with 3 spines in Haplodrassus dalmatensis .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Males (n =5) and females (n = 5). Measurements (♂ / ♀): total length 5.4-7.2 (6.4) / 5.5-7.4 (6.3); carapace 2.3-2.9 (2.7) / 2.4-3.0 (2.7) long, 1.9-2.4 (2.2) / 1.9-2.2 (2.0) wide; abdomen 3.1-4.3 (3.7) / 3.0-4.4 (3.7) long, 1.7-2.3 (2.0) / 1.8-2.8 (2.3) wide.</p><p>Length of leg segments:</p><p>Length of palp segments (male / female): femur 1.0-1.2 (1.1) / 0.8-1.1 (1.0), patella 0.4-0.5 (0.4) / 0.4-0.5 (0.5), tibia 0.3-0.4 (0.3) / 0.3-0.4 (0.4), tarsus 1.0-1.2 (1.0) / 0.6-0.7 (0.7).</p><p>Chelicerae with 2-3 promarginal and 2 retromarginal teeth in males and females. Number of promarginal teeth varies from 3 (most common) to 2 (seldom). One female studied had one chelicera with 3 and the other chelicera with 2 promarginal teeth. Coloration grey.</p><p>Male palp as in Figs 25-27. Terminal apophysis sharply turned, without ridge, but with tooth (Tt) in subterminal part, embolus without tooth.</p><p>Epigyne as in Figs 30-31. Fovea long, lateral pockets slightly converging, foveal width less that spermathecal span.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Greece, Ukraine (Crimea), Russia (Rostov Area), Kazakhstan (West-Kazakhstan Area) (Ponomarev and Tsvetkov 2006; Piterkina and Ovtsharenko 2007; Platnick 2012; present data).</p><p>Habitats.</p><p>Steppes.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>In Crimea ♂♀ - X-XII, ♀♀ - II-III, V, the peak activity of adults occurs in December.</p><p>Comments.</p><p>In Crimea we found both closely related species, Haplodrassus dalmatensis and Haplodrassus isaevi, to be syntopical in two localities (Sudak Distr., 10 km W Sudak, Mezhdurechie Vill. and Feodosiya Distr., Karadag Nature Reserve). However, these species have quite different phenologies and adults of the two different sp ecies do not co-occur. The reproductive period of Haplodrassus dalmatensis is in May-July with the peak in June, and in Haplodrassus isaevi adults can be found in October-December, with their peak of activity in December.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2FA3B5621D53E9C128783A5E24357EEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kovblyuk, Mykola M.;Kastrygina, Zoya A.;Omelko, Mikhail M.	Kovblyuk, Mykola M., Kastrygina, Zoya A., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2012): A review of the spider genus Haplodrassus Chamberlin, 1922 in Crimea (Ukraine) and adjacent areas (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). ZooKeys 205: 59-89, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491
542EF03763A281B51880941264F3FB51.text	542EF03763A281B51880941264F3FB51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haplodrassus kulczynskii Lohmander 1942	<div><p>Haplodrassus kulczynskii Lohmander, 1942 Figs 35-39</p><p>Haplodrassus kulczynskii: Miller and Buchar 1977: 170, pl. IV, f. 7-10 (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus kulczynskii: Grimm 1985: 141, f. 152, 162-163 (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus kulczynskii: Roberts 1998: 111, f. (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus kulczynskii: Marusik et al. 2007: 43, f. 5-10 (♂♀). For a complete list of references see Platnick (2012).</p><p>Records from Crimea.</p><p>Kovblyuk (2006).</p><p>Material.</p><p>UKRAINE, CRIMEA:Simferopol Distr.: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (YMC), near Fersmanovo Vill., ~ 250 m, 18.04.-1.05.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (YMC), Chatyr-Dag Mt., Orlinoe canyon, 27.04.-1.06.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk. Yalta Distr.:2 ♂♂ (TNU), Nikitskaya Yaila Mt. (=Skrinita), 22.04.-25.05.2001, M.M. Kovblyuk.</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>UKRAINE. Nikolaev Area: 1 ♂ (TNU), Pervomaysky Distr., Migiya Vill., 5.05.-8.06.2006, N.Yu. Polchaninova. AZERBAIJAN. Lenkoran Distr.: 1 ♀ (TNU), Alexeevka Vill., 27.04.2001, E.F. Huseynov.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Haplodrassus kulczynskii is similar to Haplodrassus rugosus Tuneva, 2005 from Kazakhstan and Haplodrassus taepaikensis Paik, 1992 from Korea and the Russian Far East. Both species have a toothed terminal apophysis. Haplodrassus kulczynskii can be easily distinguished from similar species by having a much wider terminal apophysis, having a step-like subterminal outgrowth on the dorsal margin of the RTA (in Haplodrassus rugosus and Haplodrassus taepaikensis such an outgrowth is absent), and by the longer lateral pockets of the epigyne (in Haplodrassus taepaikensis they are shorter; the female of Haplodrassus rugosus is unknown).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>West Palaearctic - Far East disjunct nemoral-subtropical range: Central and Southern Europe to Urals, Caucasus, Turkey, Eastern China, Far East Russia and Korea (Mikhailov 1997; Tuneva and Esyunin 2003; Helsdingen 2010; Platnick 2012).</p><p>Habitats.</p><p>Steppe.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>In Crimea ♂♀ - IV-V, the peak of activity in adults occurs in April. In Central Europe ♂♀ - IV-VIII (Nentwig et al. 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542EF03763A281B51880941264F3FB51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kovblyuk, Mykola M.;Kastrygina, Zoya A.;Omelko, Mikhail M.	Kovblyuk, Mykola M., Kastrygina, Zoya A., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2012): A review of the spider genus Haplodrassus Chamberlin, 1922 in Crimea (Ukraine) and adjacent areas (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). ZooKeys 205: 59-89, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491
05E8DD8A57F2E27F46BDC99E0FAD6688.text	05E8DD8A57F2E27F46BDC99E0FAD6688.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haplodrassus minor (O. P. - Cambridge 1879) O. P. - Cambridge 1879	<div><p>Haplodrassus minor (O. P.-Cambridge, 1879) Figs 43 –4952– 65</p><p>Haplodrassus minor: Miller and Buchar 1977: 170, pl. IV, f. 4-6 (♂).</p><p>Haplodrassus minor: Grimm 1985: 144, f. 176-178 (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus minor: Roberts 1985: 66, f. 24c (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus minor: Tuneva and Esyunin 2003: 232, f. 27-33 (♂♀). For a complete list of references see Platnick (2012).</p><p>Records from Crimea.</p><p>Kovblyuk (2006).</p><p>Material.</p><p>Ukraine. CRIMEA. Lenino Distr.: 1 ♀ (EMZ), Kerch peninsula, NW coast of Aktash lake, 8.06.1999, M.M. Kovblyuk. Saki Distr.: 5 ♂♂ (TNU), near Pribrezhnaya railway station, 9.05.-3.07.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk. Simferopol Distr.: 1 ♂ (TNU), Kirpichnoe Vill., 31.05.-12.06.1997, M.M. Kovblyuk; 18 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀ (YMC, TNU), Skvortsovo Vill., 27.04.-10.07.2002, M.M. Kovblyuk. Sovietsky Distr.: 1 ♂ (TNU), Uvarovka Vill., 28.04.1999, M.M. Kovblyuk. Yalta Distr.: 1 ♂ (TNU), Yalta, Nikita Vill., 13-30.05.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk.</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>UKRAINE. Donetsk Area: 1 ♂ (TNU), Slavyansk Distr., Dronovka Vil., 4-8.07.2002, E.V. Prokopenko; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (TNU), Volodarsky Distr., Nazarovka Vil., "Kamennye Mogily" Nature Reserve, N47°20', E37°06', 20.06.1983, N.Yu. Polchaninova. Nikolaev Area: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (TNU), Ochakov Distr., Pokrovka Vil., 'Volyzhin Les’ Department of the Chernomorsky Nature Reserve, 21.05.1987, N.Yu. Polchaninova; 2 ♂♂ (TNU), Pervomaysky Distr., Kuripchane Vil., 6.05.-8.06.2006, N.Yu. Polchaninova. Drawings from these specimens - see in Figs 43-45, 52-53. RUSSIA. Orenburg Area: 5 ♂♂ (TNU), Kuvandyk Distr., Aituar Vill., 22.05.1996, 5.07.2002, N.S. Mazura, T.K. Tuneva; 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (TNU), Sol-Iletsk Distr., Chybynda, 5-12.06.2000, S.L. Esyunin. POLAND. 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (TNU), "Krusne hoty a Polsko, 2001-2002, leg. Prof. E. Kula".</p><p>Comparative material.</p><p>Haplodrassus deserticola Schmidt &amp; Krause, 1996 from the Canary Islands: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (TNU), leg. et det. J. Wunderlich.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species is most similar to Haplodrassus deserticola from the Canary Islands (Figs 40-42, 50-51). Haplodrassus deserticola differs from Haplodrassus minor by having a dorsal abdominal pattern (Fig. 66). Haplodrassus minor and Haplodrassus deserticola also differ by the shape of the embolus (thick in Haplodrassus minor, andthin in Haplodrassus deserticola), terminal apophysis (thick in Haplodrassus minor, and thin in Haplodrassus deserticola), median apophysis (short in Haplodrassus minor, and long in Haplodrassus deserticola), epigyne and spermathecae.</p><p>Variations.</p><p>Haplodrassus minor ishighly variable in body size and also in the shape of the bulbal apophyses, RTA (slightly indented or not indented) and the epigyne (Figs 43-65). It is interesting to note that the width of the terminal apophysis decreases with increasing longitude (i.e. from west to east) (cf. Figs 44, 47, 49, 57, 63).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The species has a European range and is known from Portugal to Ural, north to Wales and south to Crete (Tuneva, Esyunin 2003; Helsdingen 2010; Platnick 2012).</p><p>Habitats.</p><p>Steppes, meadows, forest strips (=shelterbelts) within steppes.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>In Crimea ♂♀ - V-VI, ♂♂ - IV, ♀♀ - VII, the peak of activity in adults occurs in May. In Britain ♂♀ - IV-VI, with the peak in June (Harvey et al. 2002), a month later than in Crimea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/05E8DD8A57F2E27F46BDC99E0FAD6688	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kovblyuk, Mykola M.;Kastrygina, Zoya A.;Omelko, Mikhail M.	Kovblyuk, Mykola M., Kastrygina, Zoya A., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2012): A review of the spider genus Haplodrassus Chamberlin, 1922 in Crimea (Ukraine) and adjacent areas (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). ZooKeys 205: 59-89, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491
A96D7DE7517C0FEA3550AAE99268F064.text	A96D7DE7517C0FEA3550AAE99268F064.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haplodrassus pseudosignifer Marusik, Hippa & Koponen 1996	<div><p>Haplodrassus pseudosignifer Marusik, Hippa &amp; Koponen, 1996 Figs 68 –7075– 76</p><p>Haplodrassus pseudosignifer Marusik et al., 1996: 26, f. 63-65, 69 (♂♀).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>RUSSIA. 2 ♂♂ paratypes (ZMT), SW Altai, 7 km W Katanda, Katun River valley, forest steppe, pitfall traps, 22.06.-26.07.1983, H. Hippa.</p><p>Material.</p><p>UKRAINE, CRIMEA: Feodosiya Distr.:19 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀ (TNU), Karadag Nature Reserve, 15.10.2006-05.2011, M.M. Kovblyuk, O.V. Kukushkin, A.A. Nadolny. Simferopol Distr.: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (TNU), Bayrakly Mt. (519 m), ~ 400 m, 14.05.-23.06.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 ♂ (TNU), Chatyr-Dag Mt., east slope, 10-28.06.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 ♀ (TNU), near Skvortsovo Vill., 9-30.06.2002, M.M. Kovblyuk. Sudak Distr.: 28 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀ (TNU), 10 km west from Sudak Town, Mezhdurechie Vill., 3.05.-3.06.2010, M.K. Yusufova. Yalta Distr.: 1 ♂ (TNU), Ay-Petri Yaila Mt., west part, 12-13.06.1999, O.V. Kukushkin; 15 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (TNU), Nikitskaya Yaila Mt. (=Skrinita), ~ 1200 m, 2.06.-24.07.2001, M.M. Kovblyuk.</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>UKRAINE. Nikolaev Area: 1 ♀ (TNU), Pervomaysky Distr., Kuripchane Vil., 26.05-8.06.2006, N.Yu. Polchaninova.</p><p>Note .</p><p>Identification of this species was based on comparison of our specimens with the male paratypes from ZMT. Specimens from Crimea and Altai differ only slightly in the shape of the tooth on embolus. In our opinion the specimens from Crimea, Nikolaev Area and Altai are conspecific.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Haplodrassus pseudosignifer is very similar to Haplodrassus signifer . The two species have no distinct differences in coloration, size or leg spination, but Haplodrassus pseudosignifer can be differentiated from Haplodrassus signifer by having an almost straight and shorter terminal apophysis and thinner embolus, and by the shape of the lateral pockets and fovea of the epigyne.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Males (n = 5) and females (n = 5). Measurements (♂ / ♀): total length 5.7-8.0 (6.79) / 6.6-10.5 (7.8); carapace 2.8-3.5 (3.1) / 2.6-3.6 (3.3) long, 2.2-2.6 (2.4) / 2.1-3.0 (2.6) wide; abdomen 3.1-4.8 (3.8) / 3.4-6.7 (4.7) long, 1.7-2.4 (2.0) / 2.1-4.2 (2.8) wide.</p><p>Length of leg segments:</p><p>Length of palp segments (male / female): femur 1.0-1.3 (1.2) / 0.8-1.2 (1.1), patella 0.4-0.7 (0.5) / 0.5-0.6 (0.5), tibia 0.3-0.4 (0.38) / 0.4-0.6 (0.5), tarsus 1.0-1.2 (1.1) / 0.7-0.9 (0.8).</p><p>Chelicerae with 2-3 promarginal and 2 retromarginal teeth in males and females. Number of promarginal teeth varies from 2 (frequently) to 3 (rarely).</p><p>Coloration grey.</p><p>Male palp as in Figs 68-70. Terminal apophysis short (length/width ratio ~ 2) and straight, ridge poorly developed; embolus almost straight and with a tooth.</p><p>Epigyne as in Figs 75-76. Fovea elongated, rectangular (longer than wide) with narrow longitudinal groove.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Steppe zone of Eurasia: from Crimea and Nikolaev Area of Ukraine east to Altai (Marusik et al. 1996; present data).</p><p>Comments.</p><p>Haplodrassus pseudosignifer is a new species record for Crimea and Ukraine. Crimea is the westernmost point of the known distribution range.</p><p>Habitats.</p><p>Forests with Pistaca mutica or Quercus pubescens, forest-steppes, forest stripes (=shelter belts), rocky steppes, grasslands.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>♂♀ - V-VII, ♂♂ - IV, X. In Crimea the peak of activity in adults occurs in May.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A96D7DE7517C0FEA3550AAE99268F064	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kovblyuk, Mykola M.;Kastrygina, Zoya A.;Omelko, Mikhail M.	Kovblyuk, Mykola M., Kastrygina, Zoya A., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2012): A review of the spider genus Haplodrassus Chamberlin, 1922 in Crimea (Ukraine) and adjacent areas (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). ZooKeys 205: 59-89, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491
EA8CAEF86F6EB9F89FD1425E53386157.text	EA8CAEF86F6EB9F89FD1425E53386157.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haplodrassus signifer (C. L. Koch 1839) C. L. Koch 1839	<div><p>Haplodrassus signifer (C.L. Koch, 1839) Figs 71 –7477– 78</p><p>Haplodrassus signifer : Tullgren 1946: 98, f. 30A, pl. 16, f. 197-200 (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus signifer: Miller and Buchar 1977: 168, pl. II, f. 7-10 (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus signifer: Thaler 1984: 189, f. 9 d–f, i (♂).</p><p>Haplodrassus signifer: Grimm 1985: 146, f. 146-148, 170-171 (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus signifer: Roberts 1985: 66, f. 23g (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus signifer: Marusik et al. 1996: 26, f. 66-68, 70 (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus signifer: Roberts 1998: 109, f. (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus signifer: Levy 2004: 19, f. 46-52 (mf).</p><p>Haplodrassus signifer: Songet al. 2004: 139, f. 82 A–I (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus signifer: Almquist 2006: 411, f. 354 a–i (♂♀). For a complete list of references see Platnick (2012).</p><p>Records from Crimea.</p><p>Thorell (1875) - sub Drassus troglodytes C.L. Koch; Spassky (1927) - sub Drassodes; Charitonov (1932) - sub Drassodes; Ovtsharenko (1982); Mikhailov (1997); Kovblyuk (2001, 2004, 2006); Kovblyuk and Kukushkin (2007); Kovblyuk et al. (2008).</p><p>Material.</p><p>UKRAINE, CRIMEA:Feodosiya Distr.:5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (TNU), Karadag Nature Reserve, 27.04.2004.-23.05.2008, M.M. Kovblyuk, O.V. Kukushkin. Saky Distr.: 121 ♂♂, 27 ♀♀ (TNU), near Pribrezhnaya railway station, 16.04.-24.06.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk. Simferopol Distr.: 2 ♂♂ (EMZ), near Simferopol water reservoir, 2.05.1997, M.M. Kovblyuk &amp; G.V. Reutov; 1 ♀ (EMZ), near Strogonovka Vill., 16.05.1997, M.M. Kovblyuk &amp; S. Dyadyushkin; 46 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (EMZ), near Kirpichnoe Vill., 14.05.-12.06.1997, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 ♀ (TNU), near Fersmanovo Vill., Kesslers’ forest, 350-400 m, 6-23.06.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 ♂ (TNU), Bayrakly Mt. (519 m), ~ 400 m, 26.05.-6.06.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (TNU), near Lozovoe Vill., ~ 250 m, 1.05.-6.06.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 8 ♂♂ (TNU), near Simferopol water reservoir, 1.05.-23.06.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (TNU), Simferopol, Bitak Mt., 3.05.-6.06.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 4 ♂♂ (TNU), Chatyr-Dag Mt., 20-17.07.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 267 ♂♂, 51 ♀♀ (TNU), near Skvortsovo Vill., 12.03.-30.06.2002, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 ♀ (TNU), Lozovoe Vill., 18.05.2006, M.M. Kovblyuk. Sudak Distr.: 9 ♂♂ (TNU), 10 km W from Sudak Town, Mezhdurechie Vill., 6.05.-22.05.2010, M.K. Yusufova. Yalta Distr.: 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (TNU), 1 km N Nikita Vill., 22.04.-30.05.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (YMC), Nikitskaya Yaila Mt. range, (=Skrinita), ~ 1200 m, 2.06.-3.07.2001, M.M. Kovblyuk; 2 ♂♂ (TNU), Yalta Mountain-Forest Natural Reserve, near Upper Nikita Lake, 28.04-12.05.2002, A.A. Khaustov; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (TNU), near Nikita Vill., 13-26.05.2002, A.A. Khaustov.</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>SLOVAKIA. 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (TNU), Nova’ky, 11.05.1990, S. Pekar. UKRAINE. Chernovtsy Area:1 ♀ (TNU), Tsetsino Town, 8-19.05.2009, V.V. Garashchuk, T.O. Auzyak. Donetsk Area: 1 ♀ (TNU), Slavyansky Distr., Svyatogorsk Town, N49°02', E37°39', 07.2004, N.Yu. Polchaninova. Kherson Area: 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (TNU), Henichesk Distr., Arabatskaya strelka, 4 km S Henichesk Town, 23-30.05.2011, N.A. Stasyuk. RUSSIA. Leningrad Area: 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (TNU), Nizhnesvirskyi Reserve, 21.07.1994, T.I. Oliger. Kursk Area: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (TNU), Medvensky Distr., "Kazatskaya Steppe" Department of the Tsentral’no-Chernozemny Nature Reserve, 51°30'N, 36°17'E, 20.05.-30.06.2004, N.Yu. Polchaninova. Rostov Area: 8 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (TNU from CP), Orlovsky Distr., Rostovsky Narure Reserve, Starikovskyi region, 15.06.2003 &amp; 7.05.2004, Z.G. Prishutova. ABKHAZIA. Gagra Distr.: 3 ♀♀ (TNU), Gagra Distr., Gagra Range, Mamdzyshkha Mt. (1866 m), from border of forest (43°18'N, 40°19'E, 1705 m) to the peak, wood ( Abies, Fagus, Acer) and alpine meadows, 7-15.07.2009, M.M. Kovblyuk.</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>The species can be easily recognized by the shape of the terminal apophysis, which has a peculiar long ridge, and also by the shape of the epigyne. Haplodrassus signifer is very similar to Haplodrassus pseudosignifer (see the diagnosisfor Haplodrassus pseudosignifer).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Circum-Holarctic polyzonal range (Marusik et al. 2000; Platnick 2012).</p><p>Habitats.</p><p>Steppes, meadows, shrubby communities, forests.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>♂♀ - IV-VII, ♂♂ - III. In Crimea the peak activity in adults’ occurs in May. In Central Europe ♂♀ - IV-XII (Nentwig et al. 2011).</p><p>Comments.</p><p>Haplodrassus signifer is the largest and most abundant Haplodrassus species in Crimea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA8CAEF86F6EB9F89FD1425E53386157	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kovblyuk, Mykola M.;Kastrygina, Zoya A.;Omelko, Mikhail M.	Kovblyuk, Mykola M., Kastrygina, Zoya A., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2012): A review of the spider genus Haplodrassus Chamberlin, 1922 in Crimea (Ukraine) and adjacent areas (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). ZooKeys 205: 59-89, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491
492C3AD926F52831EAE8FE77EA046542.text	492C3AD926F52831EAE8FE77EA046542.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haplodrassus umbratilis (L. Koch 1866) L. Koch 1866	<div><p>Haplodrassus umbratilis (L. Koch, 1866) igs 79-83</p><p>Haplodrassus umbratilis: Tullgren 1946: 101, f. 30B, pl. 16, f. 204-208 (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus umbratilis: Miller and Buchar 1977: 168, pl. III, f. 2-4 (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus umbratilis: Grimm 1985: 156, f. 150, 158-159 (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus umbratilis: Roberts 1985: 66, f. 25a (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus umbratilis: Roberts 1998: 112, f. (♂♀).</p><p>Haplodrassus umbratilis: Almquist 2006: 413, f. 357a-f (♂♀). For a complete list of references see Platnick (2012).</p><p>Records from Crimea.</p><p>Kovblyuk (2006).</p><p>Material.</p><p>Ukraine. CRIMEA. Feodosiya Distr.: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (TNU), Karadag Nature Reserve, thalweg Karadag beams, 44°55'11.4"N, 35°12'25.5"E, 43 m, 9.05.-6.06.2008, M.M. Kovblyuk. Simferopol Distr.: 1 ♀ (TNU), 2 km N Pionerskoe Vill., 10.06.1998, M.M. Kovblyuk; 4 ♂♂ (TNU), 1,5 km NE Fersmanovo Vill., Kesslers’ forest, 14.05.-6.06.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 64 ♂♂, 15 ♀♀ (TNU), Chatyr-Dag Mt., 23.04.-2.09.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk. Sudak Distr.: 1 ♂ (TNU), 10 km W Sudak Town, Mezhdurechie Vill., 6-8.05.2010, M.K. Yusufova.Yalta Distr.: 68 ♂♂, 27 ♀♀ (TNU), Nikitskaya Yaila Mt. (=Skrinita), ~ 1200 m, 4.05.-10.11.2001, M.M. Kovblyuk.</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>UKRAINE. Donetsk Area: 5 ♀♀ (TNU), Slavyansky Distr., Svyatogorsk Town, N49°02', E37°39', 8-30.06.2004, N.Yu. Polchaninova. Kherson Area:6 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ (TNU), Golopristynskiy Distr., Chernomorskiy Reserve, Rybalchie Vill., 04-08.1989, Zelinskaya.</p><p>Comparative material.</p><p>Haplodrassus soerenseni (Strand, 1900): UKRAINE. Sumy Area: 1 ♀ (TNU), Vakolovshchina Vill., 1.06.1990, V.A. Gnelitsa.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Haplodrassus umbratilis can be easily differentiated by from all other Haplodrassus species found in Crimea by its terminal apophysis, which has a broad process (Bp). From the similar Haplodrassus soerenseni males differ in the shape of the terminal apophysis and embolus, and females by having longer lateral epigynal pockets.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>West and Central Palaearctic: all Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, mountains of Central Asia and South Siberia (Mikhailov 1997; Helsdingen 2010; Platnick 2012).</p><p>Habitats.</p><p>Dry forests, forest edges, meadows and steppes.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>♂♀ - V-VII, ♂♂ - IV, ♀♀ - VIII, X, the peak of activity in adults occurs in June. In Central Europe ♂♀ -VI-VIII (Nentwig et al. 2011). In Britain, the peak is in May (Harvey et al. 2002), a month earlier than in Crimea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/492C3AD926F52831EAE8FE77EA046542	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kovblyuk, Mykola M.;Kastrygina, Zoya A.;Omelko, Mikhail M.	Kovblyuk, Mykola M., Kastrygina, Zoya A., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2012): A review of the spider genus Haplodrassus Chamberlin, 1922 in Crimea (Ukraine) and adjacent areas (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). ZooKeys 205: 59-89, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491
