taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F88789846AFFE4FF0C290BACCE9C5B.taxon	description	Nomenclatural Remarks. In an influential review of crustacean classification (Martin & Davis 2001), the author and date of Family Bairdiidae were incorrectly given as “ Sars, 1865. ” This error has found its way into recent papers and the online World Ostracoda Database (Brand „ o et al. 2018). The issue for 1865 actually appeared in 1866 (Kempf 1988, p. 309). In that paper, Sars did name three other families (Conchoeciidae, Polycopidae and Cytherellidae), but he classified the Genus Bairdia in the Family Cypridae Baird, 1845 (Sars 1866, p. 19). The spelling of “ Cypridae ” was validly emended to “ Cyprididae ” by Baird (1850, p. 139; see also Swain 1961, p. Q 211; Howe 1955, p. 14; 1962, p. 68). The issue date of Sars’ paper on “ Ostracoda Mediterranea ” was verified as 1888 by Howe (1955, p. 314; 1962, p. 338) during preparation of the Ostracoda volume of the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. The Kraus reprint edition (published in 1969 by Nendeln / Liechtenstein) states the place and date of publication as “ Kristiania 1888. ” See also Sylvester-Bradley (1961, p. Q 201, Q 417), Maddocks (1969, 1995), Maddocks & Iliffe (1986), Maddocks & Wouters (1990), and Brand „ o (2008). The date has been erroneously cited as 1887 by Morkhoven (1963, p. 467), Kempf (1988, p. 309), Hartmann (1989, p. 1006), and many others.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846AFFE3FF0C2FE0ADD29E25.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The key character uniting species into the Genus Neonesidea is the bifid hook of the distal claw of the adult male antenna (ex., Figs. 13 A, 16 B). Slight variations in the shape of this hook have been noticed, but in the current state of our knowledge they do not contribute reliably to diagnosis of species. Some apparent differences in shape of the hook may result from damage or viewing angle, while others may be related to the overall proportions of the limb. Unfortunately, this hook is thin, not heavily sclerotized, and carried on the flexibly-jointed terminal podomere of the A 2. This terminal podomere and claw are nearly always missing from the dry fragments, which are occasionally retained within subfossil carapaces of individuals that were living at the time of collection. Females have a tapered terminal claw without any hook (ex., Fig. 15 D), and the dimorphic accessory seta is long (vs. short in males); unfortunately this seta is thin and unlikely to be recognizable in dried specimens. Maddocks (1995) erroneously described several species of Neonesidea as “ punctate. ” Puncta are incised circular depressions that do not penetrate the carapace like NPC. Puncta are not present in Neonesidea. The uneven or undulating texture of the valve surface in some Neonesidea is an artifact of the closely spaced NPC (ex., Fig. 8 O). Species-Groups. Maddocks (1969, p. 20) suggested that informal species-groups may be recognized within the genus Neonesidea, three of which were tentatively designated as the N. schulzi, N. tenera and N. dinochelata species-groups. The species of each group share general resemblances in carapace shape, proportions and sensilla. The first two groups have basically the same configuration of the esophageal flapper valve, while the third has a more reduced presentation. Corresponding distinctions in the A 2, hemipenes, and other soft parts remain elusive, however. A few other species do not adhere to any of these groups, or, indeed, to each other. At present, it is best to treat these species-groups as informal generalizations rather than taxonomic categories. The 17 species described below are listed in alphabetical order. They may be assigned tentatively to informal species-groups as follows: To the N. schulzi species-group: N. caraionae n. sp., N. gerda, N. holdeni (?), N. longisetosa, N. omnivaga, N. schulzi. To the N. tenera species-group: N. decipiens, N. manningi, N. mediterranea, N. plumulosa, N. tenera. To the N. dinochelata species-group: N. bacata, N. credibilis n. sp., N. dinochelata, N. sp. aff. N. dinochelata, N. edentulata, N. florea n. sp.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846DFFE2FF0C2D73AC1B98F9.taxon	description	(Figure 1 A – F) 2013 Neonesidea bacata sp nov: 496, Figs. 28 – 34. 2018 Neonesidea baccata Maddocks — Maddocks, Figs. 8 H, 10 B.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846DFFE2FF0C2D73AC1B98F9.taxon	materials_examined	Material. One male specimen (3912 M).	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846DFFE2FF0C2D73AC1B98F9.taxon	description	Dimensions. Male specimen 3912 M, L 0.605 mm, H 0.285 mm. Supplemental Description: The plate is broad, wedge-shaped, with nearly straight, rapidly converging lateral edges. The posterior perimeter is curved, with a narrow gap and two broad, smooth-edged, crescentic ledges, but no separate teeth. The lateral gaps are deep, and the corners are broad lobes. The ventral bracket is a V-shaped wall, from which tapering horns project posterolaterally.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846DFFE2FF0C2D73AC1B98F9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The plate of the flapper valve closely resembles those of N. edentulata and N. florea.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846DFFE2FF0C2D73AC1B98F9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. French Frigate Shoals, the Hawaiian Islands.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846FFFE1FF0C2BBEAE899D79.taxon	description	(Figure 2 A – T, Graph 4)	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846FFFE1FF0C2BBEAE899D79.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Two dry male carapaces with fragmentary dry soft parts. Holotype. Male specimen 1028 M from slide labeled “ Cuba 6. ”	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846FFFE1FF0C2BBEAE899D79.taxon	etymology	Etymology. For Dr. Francisca Elena Caraion, who donated the specimens.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846FFFE1FF0C2BBEAE899D79.taxon	description	Dimensions. Holotype male specimen 1028 M, LVL 1.210 mm, LVH 0.692 mm, RVH 1.197 mm, RVH 0.646 mm. Paratype male specimen 1029 M, LVL 1.186 mm, LVH 0.695 mm, RVL 1.182 mm, RVH 0.654 mm. See also Graph 4. Description. The carapace is large, smooth, translucent white; elongate-ovate in lateral view, with somewhat marked anterodorsal and posterodorsal angles and flared caudate posterior angle; streamlined in dorsal view, with greatest height and greatest thickness located slightly anterior to mid-length. The LV has numerous small posteroventral marginal denticles and a short, slender, posterior spine. The patch pattern consists of a large, diamondshaped median spot, with a circular spot at the posterodorsal angle, and smaller spots at the anterodorsal and posterior angles. The valves are coarsely hirsute, with thick, short, simple sensilla. A row of plumose setae is located above the posterior angle, as usual, but the cross-barbs are relatively short and sparse. The antenna ends in a short, slender claw with a rather elongate bifid hook. The hemipenis is subcircular with a broad median segment. The terminal segment is a thin, subcircular lamella, with a textureless surface except for a few tiny setules along the edge. The hemipenis carries an extraordinarily long copulatory tube, three to four times as long as the median segment of the capsule. In both specimens it arises near the middle of the median segment and is unconfined throughout its length. It tapers continuously, is reflexed at about half-length, and may be coiled near the end. At its very tip, the tube bifurcates into two short, curved branches. The plate of the esophageal valve has a distinct medial gap with a large conical tooth on either side, followed by a row of about five smaller teeth of more or less diminishing sizes, with rounded-conical shapes in a somewhat irregular array, and a more prominent, multilobate corner tooth.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846FFFE1FF0C2BBEAE899D79.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is distinctly larger than N. longisetosa, which it closely resembles in carapace shape. The carapace proportions are slightly more high-arched, and the anterodorsal and posterodorsal angles are more pronounced in lateral outline. The esophageal plate is similar to that of N. longisetosa, with large medial teeth followed by a series of small lateral teeth, but their arrangement is less regular and symmetrical than in N. longisetosa. The compact architecture of the hemipenis is unusual, the discoidal terminal appendage is perhaps unique, and the copulatory tube is exceptionally long. In details of the hemipenis, there are no similarities between N. caraionae, N. longisetosa and N. gerda.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846FFFE1FF0C2BBEAE899D79.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cuba. The sample was probably collected in shallow coastal waters, but details of the sampling locality were not furnished.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846FFFE0FF0C2E8EAA3A9B39.taxon	description	(Figure 3 A – N) 1995 Neonesidea sp. CR: Maddocks: 206, Pl. 1, figs. 9 – 10; Plate 10, figs. 7 – 8; Graph 1.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846FFFE0FF0C2E8EAA3A9B39.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: Male carapace containing fragmentary dry soft parts, specimen 500 M, collected at R. V. Anton Bruun station 412 C, 12 o 47 ’ S, 47 o 42 ’ E, 23 m depth, near Nosy Be, Madagascar. Other material. Eleven subfossil valves in shallow-water sediment collected among patch reefs in the Lac du Cratère, Nosy Be, Madagascar.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846FFFE0FF0C2E8EAA3A9B39.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Latin adjective credibilis, worthy of belief, likely, credible.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846FFFE0FF0C2E8EAA3A9B39.taxon	description	Dimensions: Male specimen 500 M, LVL 0.81 mm, LVH 0.46 mm, RVL 0.80 mm, RVH 0.43 mm. See also Maddocks (1995, Graph 1).	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846FFFE0FF0C2E8EAA3A9B39.taxon	distribution	Distribution. R. V. Anton Bruun station 412 C, 12 o 47 ’ S, 47 o 42 ’ E, 23 m depth; and Lac du Cratère, near Nosy Be, Madagascar. Supplemental description. The carapace is somewhat thick-walled, inflated, with moderate left-right asymmetry. The lateral outline is boxy, rhomboidal, with flattened venter, beveled anteroventral margin, high-peaked dorsal margin, steeply sloping posterior margin, and subacute, noncaudate posterior angle, located only slightly above the venter. The carapace exterior is smooth (not punctate, as originally stated), with numerous, conspicuous NPC. The posterior margin of the LV has well developed denticles; the anterior and posterior margins of the RV have narrow, irregular fringes. No row of plumose setae is visible above the caudal angle. The middle third of each vave is occupied by an elaborate opaque patch pattern, which encloses one or more small clear regions. The distal claw of the A 2 is stout, slightly sinuate, does not taper, and ends in a large bifid claw. The fused claw is longer than usual and smooth. The plate of the esophageal apparatus is flat, rather broad, symmetrical, with uneven lateral edges, shallow beveled scroll, and striated chevron-groove. The posterior perimeter is banded (brown and tan) and striated (where bristles of the ventral brush show through). The posterior edge is symmetrically scalloped, with six broad, arcuate lobes or low mounds, but no corner teeth and no significant gaps. The ventral bracket consists of two subpyramidal mounds. Thick spines project posterolaterally from the posterior end of the bracket, and the anterior faces are tuberculate.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846FFFE0FF0C2E8EAA3A9B39.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This uncommon species was not recognized by Maddocks (1969) but became apparent later after more specimens were picked (1995). The soft anatomy is that of Neonesidea, and the scalloped but toothless plate shows similarities to the N. dinochelata species-group (informal). The inner chitinous lining of the carapace is clear (not brown), and the AMS is less exaggerated than usual for that group. The complex patch pattern has analogues in the N. tenera species-group and also in Paranesidea. Species of similar aspect elsewhere are poorly understood.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846EFFE0FF0C284FAD579E0B.taxon	description	(Figure 4 A – G) 1894 Bairdia decipiens M ̹ ller: 269, Pl. 13, fig. 29, Pl. 14, figs. 10, 21 – 22.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846EFFE0FF0C284FAD579E0B.taxon	materials_examined	Material: One dry female carapace (170 F) with fragments of soft parts.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846EFFE0FF0C284FAD579E0B.taxon	description	Dimensions: Female specimen 170 F, LVL 1.304, LVH 0.826 mm, RVL 1.245 mm, RVH 0.746 mm. M ̹ ller reported the range of lengths as 1.18 to 1.25 mm. Supplemental Description: The plate is broad and wedge-shaped with gently bowed lateral edges and flared anterior base. The posterior margin carries six broad, multicuspate teeth with mound-shaped to asymmetrically conical terminations, arranged three on each side of a narrow medial gap. The middle tooth is narrower than the first and third. The lateral gap is only slightly wider than the medial gap. The corner teeth are large and multi-lobed. A thick brown stripe or layer runs through the posterior edge of the plate, crossing each of the teeth at its base.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846EFFE0FF0C284FAD579E0B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The identification of this single female specimen is based on M ̹ ller’s description of the carapace pigmentation and patch pattern. Several species of Neonesidea in the Bay of Naples have similar H / L proportions and marginal denticulation, and their variability has not been analyzed. Bonaduce et al. (1976) lumped the occurrences of up to five of M ̹ ller’s species under one name, because of the difficulty of distinguishing them on carapace characters alone. M ̹ ller (1894, Pl. 14, figs. 33, 34) illustrated a similarly scalloped esophageal plate for an unidentified species of “ Bairdia. ”	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846EFFE0FF0C284FAD579E0B.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Bay of Naples.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846EFFEAFF0C2D50AA1D9C8D.taxon	description	(Figure 5 A – U, Graphs 1, 2) 1961 Bairdia dinochelata sp nov: Kornicker, p. 65, Pl. 1, figs. 4 a – d, Text-figs. 8 I – O. 1969 Neonesidea dinochelata (Kornicker). — Maddocks, p. 33, Figs. 12 f – m. partim 1983 Neonesidea dinochelata (Kornicker). — Palacios-Fest et al., Table 1, Pl. 1, fig. 8 (only) [fig. 9 is N. sp. aff. N. dinochelata].? 1989 Neonesidea dinochelata (Kornicker). — Bold, Table 2. Non 1974 Neonesidea dinochelata (Kornicker). — Maddocks 1974, p. 208, Pl. 2, figs. 1 – 3 [= N. florea n. sp.].	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846EFFEAFF0C2D50AA1D9C8D.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Eighteen subfossil specimens. GRAPH 1. H / L scatter plot for adult and juvenile LV and RV of N. dinochelata, N. florea, and N. sp. aff. dinochelata. There is no overlap between the populations of N. dinochelata and N. florea, but N. sp. aff. dinochelata is intermediate in size and proportions and overlaps with both. GRAPH 2. H / L scatter plot for adult LV and RV of N. dinochelata from five localities: the Bahama Islands, Guantanamo Bay (Cuba), Belize, Grand Cayman Island, and the Florida Keys. As usual, LV are slightly higher than RV. Known females plot in the upper right of the cluster, and known males plot in the lower left.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846EFFEAFF0C2D50AA1D9C8D.taxon	description	Dimensions: Specimen 4047 W from UH 2371, Bahamas: LVL 0.779 mm, LVH 0.459 mm, RVL 0.804 mm, RVH 0.429 mm. Kornicker reported the following dimensions for the holotype female specimen 500 - 1: L 0.84 mm, H 0.51 mm. He reported the dimensions of a complete carapace as L 0.78 mm, T 0.46 mm, H 0.48 mm. Maddocks (1969) reported the following dimensions: adult male USNM 121277, LVL 0.82 mm, LVH 0.44 mm, RVL 0.72 mm, RVH 0.39 mm; adult female USNM 121278, LVL 0.78 mm, LVH 0.47 mm, RVL 0.79 mm, RVH 0.44 mm. It appears that females are longer than males and proportionally higher, with more rounded, high-arched dorsal margins. See also Graphs 1 – 2.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846EFFEAFF0C2D50AA1D9C8D.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Partial descriptions of the soft parts by Kornicker (1961) and Maddocks (1969) did not include the esophageal valve or the male antenna. More investigation of the soft anatomy is needed in order to distinguish N. dinochelata consistently from similar species. The carapace is smooth, high-arched dorsally, inflated ventromedially, and somewhat flattened ventrally but not extremely so. Fresh specimens are brown in color, darkest in a vertical streak at mid-length, with clear margins and anterodorsal eye region. The AMS has a nearly horizontal alignment of four thin scars. Kornicker reported that the anterior and posterior margins of the LV are denticulate, but no denticles have been observed in the specimens available. A few LV have a minute spinule or tubercle exactly at the posteroventral angle, accompanied by one or two marginal granules, which are not visible in external lateral view. These granules have little taxonomic value, because some other species of Neonesidea display granular micro-ornament.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789846EFFEAFF0C2D50AA1D9C8D.taxon	distribution	Distribution: N. dinochelata was originally described from Bimini Island, in the northern part of the Great Bahama Bank, by Kornicker (1961). Additional specimens from Kornicker’s samples were described by Maddocks (1969). It was subsequently reported from Cozumel Island and the Caribbean coast of Mexico (Palacios-Fest et al. 1983, Machain-Castillo & Gío-Argáez 1993), although one of the illustrations (Palacios-Fest et al. 1983, fig. 9) may represent a different species (N. sp. aff. N. dinochelata). Its range was extended to Belize and Nicaragua by Bold (1989, on the basis of an unpublished M. S. thesis by Manning 1985). It is not mentioned in faunal lists for the southern Gulf of Mexico (the reefs off Vera Cruz, the Bay of Campeche, the West Coast of Yucatan, and Alacran Reef on the northern Yucatan platform; by Krutak 1982, Bold 1989, table 1, Machain-Castillo et al. 1990, Machain-Castillo & Gío-Argáez 1990, 1992). The population reported under this name by Maddocks (1974) from the Flower Garden Banks of Texas is actually N. florea n. sp. In this study N. dinochelata was identified in dry sediment samples collected from the Little Bahama Bank, the Florida Keys, Belize, Cuba, and Grand Cayman Island. It does not occur in Bermuda or the Flower Gardens.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898464FFEAFF0C2FCEAEB39EC6.taxon	description	(Figure 5 V – Z, Graph 1) partim 1983 Neonesidea dinochelata (Kornicker) — Palacios-Fest et al., Table 1, Pl. 1, fig. 9 (only).	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898464FFEAFF0C2FCEAEB39EC6.taxon	materials_examined	Material: Eleven subfossil specimens.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898464FFEAFF0C2FCEAEB39EC6.taxon	description	Dimensions: Specimen 4072 W, from Guantanamo Bay, Cuba: LVL 0.745 mm, LVH 0.429 mm, RVL 0.731 mm, RVH 0.382 mm. See also Graph 1.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898464FFEAFF0C2FCEAEB39EC6.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This morphotype is intermediate in size and shape between N. dinochelata and N. florea. It is distinguished by the more extended, up-curved posterior angle. Because it occurs in the same samples as N. dinochelata and can be sorted consistently, it is here treated as a separate species. Anatomical information will be needed to support this identification.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898464FFEAFF0C2FCEAEB39EC6.taxon	distribution	Distribution: One of the illustrations provided by Palacios-Fest et al. (1983, fig. 9) for N. dinochelata on the northeast coast of Yucatan may belong to this species. In this study it was identified in dry sediment samples from the Bahamas, Belize and Cuba.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898464FFE9FF0C2C12AC1B9980.taxon	description	(Figure 1 G – L) 2013 Neonesidea edentulata Maddocks: 502, Figs. 2, 35 – 37.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898464FFE9FF0C2C12AC1B9980.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Four specimens, including one male (3958 M) and three juveniles.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898464FFE9FF0C2C12AC1B9980.taxon	description	Dimensions. Male specimen 3958 M, L 0.690 mm, H 0.373 mm. Supplemental description. The plate is wedge-shaped with nearly straight, rapidly converging edges. The posterior margin is smooth, except for a narrow but deep medial gap and very broad, deeply incised lateral gaps. There are no teeth, only two broad, low, smooth central ledges. The corners are asymmetrical horn-shaped flaps. The plate is thin, providing a clear view of the ventral setules. The ventral bracket is a simple V-shaped wall.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898464FFE9FF0C2C12AC1B9980.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Superficially, the carapace somewhat resembles N. holdeni, with its exaggerated pilosity, but it lacks the plumose caudal setae and terminal spine. The plate strongly resembles those of N. bacata and N. florea.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898464FFE9FF0C2C12AC1B9980.taxon	distribution	Distribution. French Frigate Shoals, the Hawaiian Islands.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898467FFF4FF0C2AD7AEF09A35.taxon	description	(Figures 6 A – R, 7 A – V, 8 A – L; Graphs 1, 3) 1974 Neonesidea dinochelata Kornicker [sic]. — Maddocks, p. 208, Pl. 2, figs. 1 – 3.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898467FFF4FF0C2AD7AEF09A35.taxon	materials_examined	Material: Three adult males, more than 40 adult and juvenile subfossil specimens. Holotype: Male specimen 975 M from UH 1494, West Flower Garden.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898467FFF4FF0C2AD7AEF09A35.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Latin floreus, - a, - um; rich in flowers, flowery.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898467FFF4FF0C2AD7AEF09A35.taxon	description	Dimensions. Male specimen 974 M from UH 1494, West Flower Garden: LVL 0.711 mm, LVH 0.346 mm, RVL 0.701 mm, RVH 0.338 mm. Holotype male specimen 975 M from UH 1494, West Flower Garden: LVL 0.710 mm, LVH 0.353, RVL 0.689 mm, RVH 0.335 mm. See also Graphs 1, 3. Description. The male carapace is smooth, boxy to lozenge-shaped, thickest at mid-length and below midheight, with an obliquely bent ventral surface. In lateral outline it is oblong to subrhomboidal, with broadly curved dorsal margin, steeply sloping posterodorsal margin, obliquely curved anteroventral margin, and level ventral margin with slightly upturned posterior angle. In dorsal outline it is elliptical, only moderately inflated, with gently curving sides and nearly symmetrically rounded anterior and posterior ends. The female carapace is a little longer than that of the male and higher in proportion to length. Well-conserved specimens have dark yellow to brown endocuticle lining the valve interior. There is an irregular transparent region above the eye in each valve, but otherwise only the marginal zones (duplicatures) are clear. There is no patch pattern. The AMS consists of four elongate, wedge-shaped to cuneiform scars in zigzag arrangement. The free margins are edged, as usual, with a narrow flange of uncalcified cuticle, which is especially noticeable at the anteroventral angle (mouth region), but marginal denticles and frills are absent or indistinct. Numerous NPC with narrow walls are densely arrayed over the valve surface. The carapace sensilla are short, thick, sharply tapered, and may be barbed or thorny near their bases. There are no plumose setae above the anteroventral angle. The male antenna has a short, curved terminal claw ending in a bifid hook, which is a diagnostic trait for the Genus Neonesidea. The zygum (medial supporting structure for the paired hemipenes) begins with a U-shaped frame of heavy struts, from which elegantly bowed lamellar pieces project laterally. The stout basal segment of the hemipenis articulates with the anterior ends of the U-strut and the lamellar wing. The median segment is half-ovate and narrow outside (dorsally), expanding distally and inside to contain and support the copulatory tube and the terminal segment. The short, diagonally-articulated terminal segment carries two appendages. The upper appendage is thumblike, thick-walled, and projects more or less dorsally. The end of this thumb carries an arched, finger-like extension and a forked aesthetasc. The other conspicuous appendage is a broad anterodistal lamella, which is flexed in halfcylindrical form, sharp-edged, and asymmetrical, terminating distally in one sharply pointed and one broadly lobate corner. A short, arched copulatory tube arises at about midlength on the median segment and is tethered distally to the end of the thumb-like process of the terminal segment. The ring and plate of the esophageal chewing structure are dark brown. The plate is wedge-shaped with straight, converging sides. It is apparently flat and transparent enough that the ventral setules show through as a striate texture in dorsal view. The posterior margin is smooth-edged and broadly scalloped, with wide, low, undulating ledges. The corners are bluntly curved lobes. There are no medial or corner teeth. The bracket is a fused, subpyramidal structure with short posterior horns and anterior tubercles. GRAPH 3. H / L scatter plot for adult and juvenile LV and RV of N. florea, n. sp. from the West Flower Garden and Belize. LV and RV have very nearly the same proportions. The cluster of adults is elongate, displaying sexual dimorphism of size but not shape. Known females plot in the upper right of the adult cluster, while known males plot in the lower left. GRAPH 4. H / L scatter plot for LV (only) of N. caraionae n. sp., N. gerda, N. longisetosa, and N. omnivaga. The adults of each species occupy a separate area, adjacent to but not overlapping the other species, while juveniles of each species tend to plot between the instar-clusters of other species. The two male specimens of N. caraionae (open circles) are slightly longer than females of N. longisetosa, although about the same height, and they are much larger than males of N. longisetosa.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898467FFF4FF0C2AD7AEF09A35.taxon	discussion	Remarks: N. florea is much smaller than N. dinochelata, and less inflated dorsally and medially. In carapace proportions, N. florea is smaller, more elongate, less inflated dorsally, and lacks the terminal spine of N. equatorialis Coimbra & Carreno (2002, p. 194, Pl. 2, figs. 23 – 26) on the Brazilian equatorial shelf. A similar hemipenis was illustrated for a male specimen of N. dinochelata from Bimini by Maddocks (1969, Fig. 12 F), but that drawing shows less sharply pointed distal corners on the anterodistal lamella, and the aesthetasc is missing or indistinct. Additional anatomical investigation is needed to verify the diagnostic attributes of these two species. The plate is very similar to those of N. baccata and N. edentulata, but those Hawaiian species are readily distinguished by details of the carapace and hemipenis.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898467FFF4FF0C2AD7AEF09A35.taxon	distribution	Distribution: N. florea is common on the Flower Gardens Banks of Texas. It has also been seen in a sample from the Belize platform.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789847AFFF0FF0C2943AD5C9931.taxon	description	(Figures 8 M – R, 9 A – N, 10 A – J, 11 A – H; Graph 4)? 1960 Bairdia crosskeyana Brady. — Puri, p. 130, Pl. 6, figs. 11 – 12. 1962 Bairdia cf. B. crosskeyana Brady. — Benda & Puri, Pl. 5, figs. 12 – 13. 1963 Bairdia gerda sp nov: 19, Fig. 8, Pl. 1, figs. 14 – 16. 1966 Bairdia gerda Benson and Coleman. — Baker & Hulings, p. 114, Pl. I, fig. 17. 1966 Bairdia gerda Benson and Coleman. — Benson, p. 746 [designation of lectotype]. 1967 a Bairdia crosskeyana Brady. — Hulings, Table 1. 1967 b Bairdia gerda Benson and Coleman. — Hulings, p. 637, Figs. 2 a, 3 a. 1969 Neonesidea gerda (Benson & Coleman). — Maddocks, p. 24 (part) [not Figs. 7 A – K, which are N. longisetosa]. 1978 Neonesidea sp. cf. N. gerda (Benson & Coleman). — Kontrovitz, p. 139, Pl. 1, fig. 8 [juvenile]. 1982 Neonesidea longisetosa (Brady). — Krutak, p. 269, Pl. 5, figs. 1 – 5, Table 2. 1990 Bairdia gerda Benson and Coleman. — Lyon, p. D 17, Pl. 1, fig. 1.? 1990 Bairdia cf. B. longisetosa Brady. — Machain-Castillo, Table 2.? 1992 Bairdia longisetosa Brady. — Machain-Castillo & Gio-Argáez, Appendix I. partim 2009 Neonesidea longisetosa (Brady). — Maddocks et al., p. 888.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789847AFFF0FF0C2943AD5C9931.taxon	materials_examined	Material. One living female from the West Coast of Florida off Tampa. Numerous subfossil specimens in sediment samples from the Florida Keys, the Flower Garden banks, Stetson Bank, and slide “ Cuba 3. ” Photographs of subfossil specimens collected at OGMEX I station O- 8 in the Bay of Campeche taken by Ana-Maria Perez-Guzman (see also Machain-Castillo 1990).	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789847AFFF0FF0C2943AD5C9931.taxon	description	Dimensions: Female specimen 2397 F, LVL 0.833 mm, LVH 0.510 mm. The following dimensions were reported for the lectotype carapace: L 0.91 mm, H 0.53 mm, W 0.44 mm (Benson & Coleman 1963, Pl. 1, figs. 14 – 16; Benson 1966, p. 746). The dimensions reported for three specimens from Tortugas (USNM 88864) and the Bahamas (USNM 121258, 121259), which were misidentified as M. gerda by Maddocks (1969, p. 24), fall within the lower part of the range for N. longisetosa. The specimen illustrated by Lyon (1990) is a juvenile. See also Graph 4. Supplemental Description: Most of the features mentioned in the description of N. gerda by Benson & Coleman (1963) are shared by most species in the N. schulzi species-group (informal). The LV lateral outline is higharched, with a distinctly peaked anterodorsal angle. The mid-dorsal margin slopes continuously to a subtle posterodorsal angle, which is rounded to indistinct. The posterior angle is acute, obliquely caudate, and located at approximately 17 % of height. The anterodorsal margin is remarkably straight, meeting the anterior margin at a well-marked anterior angle. The anteroventral margin is sharply oblique and nearly straight. The ventral margin is straight and rises only slightly to the posterior angle. The RV lateral outline is more angulate, with more distinctly marked anterodorsal and posterodorsal angles, nearly straight mid-dorsal and anteroventral segments, and a more sinuous ventral margin, which rises to a more acute posterior angle. Valves of recently-dead individuals are perfectly smooth with a highly polished sheen, translucent, light gray with a visible microcrystalline fabric, dotted by white NPC and AMS. Valves of longer-dead individuals are less transparent, becoming milky white. The patch pattern consists of a vertical oblong, located in front of and across the anterior half of the AMS. Smaller, less distinct opaque patches are located in the anterodorsal angle (most visible in the LV) and the posterior angle, but not at the posterodorsal angle. There are fairly numerous, rather thick, golden carapace sensilla, none of which are especially long. A row of enlarged pores for the plumose sensilla is located just dorsal to the caudal process. Well-conserved LV have about nine very short, curved, posteroventral marginal denticles, which arise outside of and protect the selvage. These are abraded and not distinguishable in many subfossil valves. On a few of the bestconserved RV, a very narrow, incipient marginal frill is barely visible outside the selvage along the posteroventral margin. There are no anteromarginal denticles or frills on either valve. The hemipenis of N. gerda has a moderately long, irregularly arcuate to nearly straight copulatory tube, which arises near the base of the median segment. The tube tapers abruptly and is thin-walled for much of its length. Distally it bifurcates or trifurcates into delicate threads. The terminal segment has a rounded margin and a mushroomshaped aesthetasc, around which is wrapped a short, half-cylindrical lamella. An opposing, shorter, half-cylindrical lamella has a thickened, wrinkled, irregular edge. The plate of N. gerda has a symmetrical row of about six low-conical to sub-pyramidal teeth along the posterior margin, which project dorsally and posteriorly. They are somewhat larger medially and decrease a little in size laterally. Large, multilobate corner teeth are set apart from the medial teeth by a lateral gap, within which one or two tiny teeth are visible. The anterolateral scrolls are well developed. The posteroventral bracket is a symmetrical, U-shaped wall, with sharp horns projecting posterolaterally and multiple rounded tubercles along the anterior edge.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789847AFFF0FF0C2943AD5C9931.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Syntype specimens of N. gerda from Florida Bay were examined in 1965 – 1966, but not measured, and no soft parts were available. Subfossil assemblages from the Bahamas were not available at that time, and no reference material was available for N. longisetosa. For these reasons, Maddocks (1969) interpreted N. gerda as morphologically variable with a broad geographic range. Maddocks (1969) suggested that N. gerda might turn out to be a synonym of N. longisetosa (Brady, 1902), and this erroneous prediction has been widely accepted (Teeter 1975; Krutak 1982; Bold 1989; Krutak & Gio-Argaez 1994; Meireles et al. 2014 A, B). The two species are fairly similar in appearance but differ in details of the hemipenis. Here, it is demonstrated that subfossil populations of the two species are distinguishable by the carapace shapes and dimensions, although isolated valves may occasionally be difficult to assign. In lateral outline, each species displays sexual dimorphism as well as within-species variability. Adults of N. gerda are smaller than adults of N. longisetosa but larger than A- 1 instars of the latter species. It can now be established that the three specimens illustrated and measured by Maddocks (1969, p. 24, Figs. 7 A – K; collected from Tortugas, Bimini and Andros, all misidentified as N. gerda) belong to N. longisetosa. Her drawing of the copulatory appendage (Fig. 7 D) shows the setulose tip characteristic of N. longisetosa. Her drawings of the valves (Figs. 7 H – K) show a distinct posterodorsal opaque spot as well as an upcurved posterior angle, both of which are characteristic traits of N. longisetosa. The original photographs and drawings provided for N. gerda (Benson & Coleman, 1963, Fig. 8, Pl. 1, figs. 14 – 16) portray well its angular shape and distinctive appearance. The ventral margin of N. gerda is more nearly straight than that of N. longisetosa (especially in the RV). The posterior angle is more acute and is located more ventrally, at about 17 % of height (compared with approximately 33 % of height in N. longisetosa). The posteromarginal denticles and posterior spine are smaller and less conspicuous than in N. longisetosa. In dorsal view, N. gerda has the same thickness-to-length proportions as N. longisetosa, but N. gerda is more diamond-shaped, with nearly straight anterolateral and posterolateral margins and acutely pointed anterior and posterior ends. N. gerda is similar to but consistently larger than N. omnivaga, which is common on the Bermuda Platform. N. gerda is a little higher in proportion to length, with a more gently arched dorsal margin, higher anterior angle, less distinct posterodorsal angle, and less acute posterior angle. The dorsal outline is more angulate than the curves illustrated for N. omnivaga, and the thoracic legs were said to have more elongate distal podomeres than N. omnivaga (Maddocks & Iliffe, 1986, p. 45, Fig. 6 – I). The male soft parts are unknown for N. omnivaga. N. gerda and N. longisetosa have not been seen in Bermuda. N. gerda is not likely to be confused with N. caraionae n. sp., which is very much larger, has more nearly hexagonal outlines, and has an unusual hemipenis with an extraordinarily long copulatory tube. The plate of the flapper valve may assist with the distinction of these four species, although poor preservation in dry specimens introduces uncertainties: N. gerda tends to have an even array of about three subconical to subpyramidal teeth on either side of the medial gap, of which the first two or all three teeth are nearly equal in breadth and prominence. N. omnivaga has a broader medial tooth, followed by about three narrower teeth, all of equal prominence. N. longisetosa has a very prominent medial tooth followed by about four much smaller teeth, with sharply triangular to subpyramidal shapes. N. caraionae has a larger medial tooth, and then about five smaller teeth on either side, all with conical shapes. N. gerda has sometimes been confused with Neonesidea crosskeiana (Brady, 1866), which lives in the eastern Mediterranean. Another similar species is Neonesidea woodwardiana (Brady, 1880) from the Fiji Islands. The lectotype specimens for both of these species were redescribed by Titterton, Whatley & Whittaker (2001), but the soft parts, morphometric trends, and geographic ranges of the living populations are unknown. The dimensions reported for “ Bairdia crosskeyana ” by Puri (1960, Pl. 6, figs. 11 – 12; from Molasses Reef, off Tavernier in the Florida Keys) are those of a juvenile (L. 0.726 mm, H 0.327 mm).	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789847AFFF0FF0C2943AD5C9931.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Benson & Coleman (1963) described N. gerda as common to abundant along the West Coast of Florida from Florida Bay to northwest of Tampa, between latitudes 24 o 59.0 ’ N and 28 o 17.4 ’ N, in water depths ranging from 20 to 70 feet. Puri (1960) may have collected it from his station 6 (Molasses Reef, off Tavernier in the Florida Keys). Its range extends north to Cape Romano, in western Florida (Benda & Puri 1962). Lyon (1990) reported it to be rare in inner sublittoral facies off the east coast of Florida as far north as 28 o 17 ’ 24 ” N. The reported fossil occurrence in the Pleistocene of South Florida is plausible (Kontrovitz 1978). Here, the range of N. gerda is extended west to Stetson Bank and the East and West Flower Gardens banks on the continental shelf of Texas in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, and to the Vera Cruz-Anton Lizardo Reefs in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. The reefs off Vera Cruz represent the westernmost extent of reef corals in the Gulf of Mexico. The ostracod ecology and diversity of the Vera Cruz reefs were analyzed by Krutak & Rickles (1979) and Krutak et al. (1980). The occurrence of N. gerda (identified by him as N. longisetosa) is well documented by Krutak’s (1982) illustrations. The records of “ Bairdia cf. B. longisetosa ” in the Bay of Campeche (Machain-Castillo 1990, Machain-Castillo & Gío-Argáez 1993, Maddocks et al. 2009) probably apply to N. gerda. Lyon (1990) stated that N. gerda is restricted to the Caribbean (tropical) faunal province of Hazel (1970, see also Hulings 1967 a). More specifically, it follows the “ transition zone ” delineated by Bold (1977, Fig. 2) between the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean faunas. Along the Florida Keys, it predominates in samples taken in the more restricted conditions of Florida Bay, but not in reef and open-marine settings (where N. longisetosa is more likely). N. gerda is consistently represented in carbonate sediments of pinnacle reefs in the northern and western Gulf of Mexico but never in siliciclastic sediments of the neighboring shelf. Whether it also occurs within the transition zone around the western, northern and eastern edges of the Yucatan Platform (Palacios-Fest et al. 1983; Bold 1989; Machain-Castillo & Gio-Argaez 1992) cannot be established from the data at hand, because any such occurrences are likely to have been included with the records of N. longisetosa. The estimated dimensions of the carapace illustrated by Baker & Hulings from Puerto Rico (1966, Pl. I, fig. 17, identified by them as N. longisetosa) are appropriate for N. gerda, but it is likely that specimens of N. longisetosa were also included under this designation. Isolated valves that are questionably identifiable as N. gerda have been seen in subfossil assemblages from coastal waters of Cuba and other Caribbean islands.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789847EFFF0FF0C2A47AA049BEF.taxon	description	(Figure 1 M – R) 2013 Neonesidea holdeni sp nov. Maddocks: 489, Figs. 2, 24 – 27.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789847EFFF0FF0C2A47AA049BEF.taxon	materials_examined	Material: One adult male (3908 M).	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789847EFFF0FF0C2A47AA049BEF.taxon	description	Dimensions: Male specimen 3908 M, L 0.786 mm, H 0.375 mm. Supplemental Description: Plate wedge-shaped with approximately straight, rapidly converging lateral edges. The posterior edge has a narrow medial gap, on either side of which is a row of about five closely spaced, broad, lathe-shaped teeth with triangular to beveled terminations, of which the first four are about the same size, and the fifth is only slightly smaller. The corner teeth are broad and compound but not multicuspate.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789847EFFF0FF0C2A47AA049BEF.taxon	distribution	Distribution: French Frigate Shoals, the Hawaiian Islands.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789847EFFF0FF0C2A47AA049BEF.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Early instars of many bairdiid species have a similar appearance, pinched and angulate with exaggerated pilosity, and these characteristics are seen here in an adult. The plumose caudal setae and triangular terminal spine are well developed, but the carapace lacks the posteroventral denticles and frills. The esophageal plate, with its bilateral array of five nearly equal-sized teeth with angulate terminations, is unlike any other species of Neonesidea. The species does not fit well into any of the three informal species-groups suggested by Maddocks (1969).	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789847EFFFBFF0C2F3AAE639AE1.taxon	description	(Figure 11 - I – P, 12 A – S; Graph 4) 1902 Bairdia longisetosa sp. nov.: Brady: 197, Pl. 25, figs. 8 – 9. 1966 Bairdia longisetosa Brady — Bold, p. 45, Pl. 2, figs. 7 a – b. 1968 Bairdia longisetosa Brady — Bold, p. 48, Pl. 2, figs. 3 a – b. partim 1969 Neonesidea gerda (Benson & Coleman), 1964 — Maddocks, p. 24, Figs. 7 A – K. 1975 Bairdia longisetosa Brady — Bold pp. 585, 586, 589, 590, 593. 1975 Neonesidea longisetosa (Brady), 1902 — Teeter, p. 417, Figs. 3 a, 4 a. 1978 Bairdia longisetosa Brady — Bold, Table 9. 1982 Neonesidea longisetosa (Brady) — Breman, Pl. 3, fig. E. non 1982 Neonesidea longisetosa (Brady) — Krutak, Pl. 5, figs. 1 – 5 [= N. gerda].? 1983 Neonesidea longisetosa (Brady) — Palacios-Fest et al., Pl. 1, fig. 16 (only, not fig. 17). 1988 Bairdia longisetosa Brady — Bold, p. 22. non 1990 Bairdia cf. B. longisetosa Brady — Machain-Castillo Table 2, p. 122 [= N. gerda].? 1992 Bairdia longisetosa Brady — Machain-Castillo & Gío-Argáez (1992), Appendix I, p. 22 [part, may include N. gerda] partim 1993 Neonesidea longisetosa (Brady) — Machain Castillo & Gío-Argáez, p. 258 [part, also includes N. gerda]. 1994 Neonesidea longisetosa (Brady, 1902) — Krutak & Gío-Argáez, p. 200, Pl. 2, figs. 1 – 6.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789847EFFFBFF0C2F3AAE639AE1.taxon	description	non 2014 a Neonesidea longisetosa (Brady, 1902) — Meireles et al., p. 16, Pl. 1, fig. a; Pl. 2, figs. a – l [= a species of the N. tenera species-group]. non 2014 b Neonesidea longisetosa (Brady, 1902) — Meireles et al., Figs. 2 – 9.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789847EFFFBFF0C2F3AAE639AE1.taxon	materials_examined	Material: Three dry male carapaces with fragmentary soft parts from Belize; one fragmentary living male from the Bahamas; numerous empty carapaces and valves from shallow-water carbonate sediments of the Bahamas, Belize, Cuba, the Florida Keys, Grand Cayman Island, Jamaica, and the U. S. Virgin Islands.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789847EFFFBFF0C2F3AAE639AE1.taxon	description	Dimensions: Specimen 4045 M, LVL 1.061 mm, LVH 0.614 mm. Brady reported L 1.1 mm. See also Graph 4. Supplemental Description: Most of the characteristics described by Brady are typical for most species of the N. schulzi species-group, including the subtly subrhomboidal but streamlined carapace with equant valves, obliquely subtruncate anteroventral margin, caudate posterior angle, and conspicuous carapace sensilla. The lateral outline is elongate-ovate, with smoothly arched dorsal margin, indistinct posterodorsal angle, caudate posterior end, tripartite ventral margin with upswung anteroventral and posteroventral segments, and rounded anterior margin. The acute, caudate posterior angle of the LV is located at approximately 33 % of height. Well-conserved specimens have a tiny terminal spine at the caudal angle of each valve, conspicuous anteromarginal and posteromarginal denticles on the LV, and narrow anteromarginal and posteromarginal frills on the RV. The patch pattern consists of a large central oval spot, small spots in the anterior and posterior angles, and less distinct spots or streaks at the anterodorsal and posterodorsal angles. The dorsal spots are most easily seen in dorsal views of a whole carapace. The hemipenis of N. longisetosa has a moderately long, arcuate copulatory tube, which arises near the base of the median segment. Distally, the tube is contained within a hollow, obliquely-curved, well-sclerotized, claw-like projection. At its end the copulatory tube splits into two or three threads. The terminal segment of the hemipenis is a hood-like plate, the inner surface of which is densely corrugated with wavy chitin threads, which rise above the surface as setules or tiny thorns. At the base of this segment is a well-sclerotized, obliquely-wrinkled ridge with one sharp tooth, the end of which articulates against the base of the clawlike projection. The esophageal plate is a rather broadly flaring triangle. The curved posterior edge has a large, sharply triangular to subpyramidal tooth on either side of the medial gap, followed by about four smaller teeth of equal or diminishing sizes, subconical to subpyramidal in shape, and a prominent cluster of multilobate teeth at the corner. The U- to V-shaped ventral bracket has long diagonal horns directed outward and down, triangular lateral walls, and a row of tubercles along the anterior edge.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789847EFFFBFF0C2F3AAE639AE1.taxon	discussion	Remarks: N. longisetosa is significantly larger than N. gerda but has similar carapace proportions. The lateral outline usually has a more up-curved posterior angle and more conspicuous marginal denticles on the LV. In dorsal view, as compared to N. gerda, it has more curved contours with more rounded anterior and posterior ends. In fresh specimens the central opaque spot of the patch pattern is larger than that of N. gerda and approximately oval rather than oblong. The single posterodorsal opaque spot easily distinguishes N. longisetosa from N. gerda, which has no spot at this location. This mark is also convenient for quickly separating adult and juvenile valves of N. longisetosa from Bairdoppilata cushmani (Tressler, 1949), which consistently has two opaque spots at this posterodorsal location, and which occurs abundantly in the same subfossil assemblages. The setulose, quarter-spherical hood and asymmetrical serrate ridge of the distal segment of the hemipenis of N. longisetosa are easily distinguished from the smooth, half-cylindrical lamellae and aesthetasc of N. gerda. The three specimens illustrated as N. gerda by Maddocks (1969, Figs. 7 A – K) from Tortugas (Florida Keys) and Bimini and Andros (Bahama Islands) all belong to N. longisetosa. Her drawing of the hemipenis (Fig. 7 D) shows the setulose distal texture characteristic of that species. Her drawings of the valve exteriors (Figs. 7 H – K) show the distinct posterodorsal opaque spot, which is characteristic of N. longisetosa. The measurements cited by Maddocks (1969, p. 24) for these three males are among the smallest known for the species. The specimens illustrated as N. longisetosa by Krutak (1982) from reefs off Vera Cruz are smaller, more angular in outline, and more triangular in shape. It is likely that they are N. gerda. The specimen illustrated as N. longisetosa from Bermuda by Keyser & Sch ̂ ning (2000) is N. omnivaga. N. longisetosa has not been seen in sediment samples from the Bermuda Platform. N. longisetosa resembles N. caraionae n. sp. in carapace form and outline, but it is smaller. The hemipenis has a much shorter copulatory tube and a hood-like, textured terminal segment, easily distinguished from the extraordinarily long tube and discoidal terminal segment of N. caraionae. N. longisetosa has sometimes been confused with Neonesidea crosskeiana (Brady, 1866), which lives in the eastern Mediterranean; see Titterton et al. (2001) for redescription and clarification of that species. The population from the Azores, which was misidentified as N. longisetosa by Meireles et al. (2014 a, 2014 b), represents a species of the N. tenera species-group (informal). Their illustrations of the ovate lateral outline show a nearly symmetrical, high-arched dorsum and a much less caudate posterior end. It shows similarities to Mediterranean species, such as N. decipiens or N. mediterranea, well as to the West African species, “ Paranesidea ” multiforma Witte, 1993. Meireles et al. (2014 a, p. 16) attempted to synonymize N. gerda and N. omnivaga with N. longisetosa, but their justification was vague (“ The collected specimens are identical to N. longisetosa, considering the carapace morphology. The morphology of the soft parts is comparable to the figures that Maddocks (1969) gave for Neonesidea gerda …. ”). Although they recovered hundreds of living and subfossil specimens, Meireles et al. did not provide carapace dimensions, did not describe or illustrate soft parts, and did not say whether they examined actual specimens from Bermuda and Caribbean localities. The species living in the Azores is certainly not conspecific with the material examined here for N. caraionae, N. gerda, N. longisetosa, and N. omnivaga. Indeed, the wave-dominated rocky slopes of the Azores, washed by the cold Canaries Current (14 oC), are unlikely to share species in common with the carbonate platform assemblages of the tropical Caribbean and Bermuda.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789847EFFFBFF0C2F3AAE639AE1.taxon	distribution	Distribution: N. longisetosa was originally described by Brady from St. Thomas, U. S. Virgin Islands. In the samples examined for this study, it is abundant in shallow-water carbonate sands of Belize, Jamaica and Grand Cayman Island; and it is less common or rare in samples from the Bahamas, the Florida Keys, and Hopetown Harbour, U. S. Virgin Islands. It is not represented in collections from Bermuda. N. longisetosa has been reported from Alacran Reef on the northwestern Yucatan platform, northeastern Yucatan, and the Caribbean coast of Mexico; Belize; Buccoo Reef, Tobago; Nicaragua; Colon Harbour, Panama; the Gulf of Venezuela; the Brazilian equatorial shelf; and the Neogene of Jamaica and the Dominican Republic (Breman 1982; Bold 1966, 1968, 1989; Teeter 1975; Palacios-Fest et al. 1983, Krutak & Gío-Argáez 1994, Coimbra & Carreño 2002). On Alacran Reef it was said to be consistently restricted to a particular facies: “ Shallow, agitated environment, e. g., windward reef flat, shallow patchreefs, leeward sandflats ” (Bold 1989, p. 145, Table 1). In northeastern Yucatan it was described as abundant in modern carbonate grainstones, but less common in lagoonal sediments (Krutak & Gío-Argáez 1994). Reported occurrences on the western platform of Yucatan and at localities in the central and southern Caribbean are plausible but cannot be verified without illustrations and dimensions (Machain-Castillo & Gío-Argáez 1992 Appendix I; Bold 1977, Table 3; 1988, p. 22). The identifications under this name from the Veracruz-Anton Lizardo reefs by Krutak (1982) apply to N. gerda. Reported occurrences in the Bay of Campeche (Machain-Castillo 1990) probably apply to N. gerda. In the checklist by Maddocks et al. (2009, p. 888), the distribution of this species should be restricted to exclude occurrences in the northwestern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico, which apply to N. gerda. Fossil specimens have been reported from the Upper Miocene to Recent of Venezuela, Panama, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, and other Caribbean localities (Bold, 1966, 1968, 1975, 1978, 1988).	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898475FFFBFF0C2837AC459D5F.taxon	description	Figure 13 A – F, Figure 14 A – M, 15 A – D) 1975 Neonesidea manningi sp nov, Maddocks: 53, Figs. 1 – 3, Pl. 1, figs. 1 – 6.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898475FFFBFF0C2837AC459D5F.taxon	materials_examined	Material: The species was described from a collection of 104 specimens in alcohol (USNM 142391 – 142392, 142402, 142404 – 142406).	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898475FFFBFF0C2837AC459D5F.taxon	description	Dimensions: Maddocks (1975) reported the following dimensions for the male holotype specimen (896 M): LVL 0.650 mm, LVH 0.350 mm, RVL 0.650 mm, RVH 0.320 mm. Supplemental Description: The plate is relatively short and broad, with nearly straight sides, deep scroll-like indentations and a flaring, subpyramidal bracket. The posterior margin carries about 6 broad, bluntly terminated teeth, which are nearly equal in width. A broad gap intervenes between these terminal teeth and the bluntly rounded corner teeth.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898475FFFBFF0C2837AC459D5F.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This is one of the smallest species of the genus. We may speculate that small size facilitates clinging to algae on current-swept, rocky coasts of small, isolated volcanic islands. The species reported as N. tenera from St. Peter and Paul Rocks, Brazil by Antonietto et al. (2012) is similar but larger.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898475FFFBFF0C2837AC459D5F.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Known only from Ascension Island.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898475FFFAFF0C2EECAD57996D.taxon	materials_examined	Material: One dry female carapace (171 F) with dry fragments of soft parts.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898475FFFAFF0C2EECAD57996D.taxon	description	Dimensions: Female specimen 171 F, LVL 1.193 mm, LVH 0.734 mm, RVL 1.159 mm, RVH 0.653 mm. M ̹ ller reported the range of lengths as 1.04 to 1.15 mm. Supplemental Description: The plate is broad and wedge-shaped with slightly undulatory lateral edges and well-developed anterolateral scroll. The posterior margin carries six broad, low teeth, arranged three on each side of a narrow medial gap, with the middle tooth being the narrowest. The terminations of these teeth are Subtly multicuspate, but this appearance may be caused by poor conservation. The lateral gap is slightly wider than the medial gap. The corner teeth are large and multi-lobed. An irregular, dark brown stripe or layer runs through the posterior edge of the plate, crossing each of the teeth at its base. The bracket is approximately rectangular, terminated anteriorly by rows of tubercles and posteriorly by diagonal horns.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898475FFFAFF0C2EECAD57996D.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The identification of this single female specimen is tentative and based on M ̹ ller’s description. Several species of Neonesidea in the Bay of Naples have similar H / L proportions and marginal denticulation, but the variability of carapace dimensions and patch patterns has not been analyzed. Bonaduce et al. (1976) lumped the occurrences of up to five of M ̹ ller’s species under one name because of the difficulty of distinguishing them on carapace characters alone. M ̹ ller (1894, Pl. 14, figs. 33, 34) illustrated a similarly scalloped plate for an unidentified species of “ Bairdia. ”	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898475FFFAFF0C2EECAD57996D.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Bay of Naples.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898477FFF8FF0C2D6CAA029E65.taxon	description	(Figure 10 K – N, Graph 4) 1986 Neonesidea omnivaga sp nov: Maddocks in Maddocks & Illife: 45, Figs. 6 A – K. 2000 Neonesidea longisetosa (Brady) — Keyser & Sch ̂ ning, p. 582, Pl. 2, fig. 19.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898477FFF8FF0C2D6CAA029E65.taxon	materials_examined	Material: About 30 adult and juvenile, subfossil carapaces and valves.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898477FFF8FF0C2D6CAA029E65.taxon	description	Dimensions: Female 609 F: LVL 0.832 mm, LVH 0.460 mm, RVL 0.827 mm, RVH 0.447 mm. Maddocks (1986) reported erroneous dimensions for the illustrated paratype USNM 216438: LVL 0.54 mm, LVH 0.31 mm, RVL 0.54 mm, RVH 0.29 mm; these dimensions would be juvenile, but her illustrations (Figs. 6 I – K) show adult characters. Keyser & Sch ̂ ning (2000) reported the following dimensions: L 0.960 mm, height 0.500. See also Graph 4. Supplemental Description: The plate is broad with recurved lateral edges. The posterior margin carries a broad medial tooth on either side of the medial gap, followed by about three narrower teeth, which have conical to pyramidal terminations. The corner teeth are multilobed.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898477FFF8FF0C2D6CAA029E65.taxon	discussion	Remarks: N. omnivaga resembles N. gerda in shape and polished surface, having a nearly straight ventral margin and an acute posterior angle located at 17 % of height. As compared with N. gerda, N. omnivaga is not as high in proportion to length, it may have more angulate lateral outlines, and the central opaque spot is relatively wider. The LV posteroventral margins are nearly smooth, even in well – conserved specimens, with only faint nubs where marginal denticles would be expected. The dorsal outline is more continuously curved than in N. gerda but but shows similar proportions. The RV illustrated by Keyser & Sch ̂ ning (2000, Pl. 2, fig. 19) agrees in outline and dimensions with adult N. omnivaga. The male anatomy is unknown.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898477FFF8FF0C2D6CAA029E65.taxon	distribution	Distribution: The species is endemic to the Bermuda platform. Living specimens were reported from Harrington Sound, Cherry Pit Cave, Green Bay Cave and Palm Cave by Maddocks & Iliffe (1986). Subfossil specimens occur in sediments of Harrington Sound, Castle Harbour, North Lagoon, and on the South Shore, in water depths of 1 – 350 fathoms. GRAPH 7. H / L scatter plot for LV and RV of N. omnivaga. Anatomical males have not been described, but the elongate form of the adult cluster suggests dimorphism of size rather than shape, with females being both higher and longer than males.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898476FFC7FF0C2DB2AC25996D.taxon	description	(Figure 13 G – I) 2013 Neonesidea plumulosa sp nov, Maddocks: 483, Figs. 5 E – F, 18 – 23.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898476FFC7FF0C2DB2AC25996D.taxon	materials_examined	Material: One adult male (3960 M).	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898476FFC7FF0C2DB2AC25996D.taxon	description	Dimensions: Male specimen 3960 M, LVL 1.008 mm, LVH 0.563 mm. See also Maddocks (2013, Fig. 16). Supplemental Description: The plate is wedge-shaped with nearly straight, rapidly converging lateral edges; the posterior margin carries an irregular row of six conical to triangular teeth of decreasing sizes on either side of a narrow medial gap. The broad lateral gap lacks any teeth. The corner teeth are simple (not multilobate) with rounded conical terminations. A stiff setule (guide pin of Maddocks 2018) is visible beyond each posterolateral corner. The ventral bracket is parallel-sided with divergent posterodistal horns and a row of tubercles along the anterior edge.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898476FFC7FF0C2DB2AC25996D.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The plate resembles that of N. tenera in general arrangement, but the teeth are longer, more conical, and less symmetrical.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898476FFC7FF0C2DB2AC25996D.taxon	distribution	Distribution: French Frigate Shoals, the Hawaiian Islands.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898449FFC5FF0C2EB2AEDD9B39.taxon	description	(Figure 3 O – Q; 16 A – L) 1964 Triebelina schulzi sp nov, Hartmann: 44, Pls. 4, 5, figs. 14 – 22. 1969 Neonesidea schulzi (Hartmann). — Maddocks, p. 20. 1969 Neonesidea schulzi (Hartmann). — Hartmann, p. 248. 1978 Neonesidea schulzi (Hartmann). — Bonaduce, Masoli & Pugliese, p. 376, Pl. 1, fig. 7. 1980 Neonesidea schulzi (Hartmann). — Bonaduce et al., p. 144. 1983 Neonesidea schulzi (Hartmann). — Bonaduce et al., p. 481.? 1988 Neonesidea schulzi (Hartmann) sensu lato. — Titterton & Whatley, p. 114, Fig. 5, nos. 5 – 10, Pl. 2, figs. 1 – 10 (part). 1995 Neonesidea schulzi (Hartmann). — Maddocks, p. 202, Figs. 4 A – D, 5 A – F, 6 A – D. non 1969 Neonesidea schulzi ifalikensis subsp nov, Maddocks: 22, figs. 43 e – m. non 1970 Neonesidea schulzi (Hartmann). — Bate, Pl. 1, fig. I, p. 246. non 1976 Neonesidea schulzi (Hartmann). — Holden, p. 12, Pl. 7, figs. 9 – 11. non 2005 Neonesidea schulzi (Hartmann). — Mostafawi et al., p. 127, Pl. 1, figs. 2 – 3. non 2012 Neonesidea schulzi (Hartmann). — Munef et al., p. 153, Pl. 1, figs. 4 – 6.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898449FFC5FF0C2EB2AEDD9B39.taxon	materials_examined	Material: Numerous subfossil specimens from Nosy Be, Madagascar. One dry female carapace containing fragments of body, from Amirante Island.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898449FFC5FF0C2EB2AEDD9B39.taxon	description	Dimensions: Female specimen 458 F, from Admirante Island: LVL 0.927 mm, LVH 0.596 mm. It fits at the upper lefthand edge of the scatter plot for the population from Nosy Be (Maddocks 1995, Graph 1). Hartmann (1964) reported the following measurements: Female LVL 0.95 mm, LVH 0.56 mm, RVL 0.93 mm, RVH 0.50 mm; Male: LVL 1.04 mm, LVH 0.61 mm, RVL 1.02 mm, RVH 0.57 mm. The following dimensions were reported by Maddocks (1969): Adult male USNM 121252, LVL 1.09 mm, LVH 0.57 mm, RVL 1.03 mm, RVH 0.52 mm; Adult female USNM 121253, LVL 1.096 mm, LVH 0.61, RVL 1.01 mm, RVH 0.57 mm. A length-height scatter plot for the subfossil population of Nosy Be, Madagascar, was published by Maddocks (1995, Graph 1, p. 236 a). Supplemental Description. Fig. 16 A is a digital scan of a contact paper print of an over-exposed photographic negative of an over-stained dissection of specimen 13 M from Nosy Be, made in 1967. In left-lateral view, it shows the compressed head capsule with upper and lower lips, atrium, esophagus, rotated EV with ring, plate, shafts of two braces, and aprons inserted against the Hs strut [see Maddocks (2018) for discussion of the gross anatomy]. The posterior margin of the plate (Fig. 16 G) appears to be coarsely scalloped. The plate of specimen 458 F is narrowly fan-shaped, with nearly straight edges, undulating anteromarginal scrolls, and an irregularly scalloped posterior margin, which has broad teeth on either side of a narrow medial gap, one or two smaller teeth, and multilobate corner teeth. The slightly damaged LV of specimen 458 F is high-arched with a steep, continuously-sloping posterodorsal margin, well developed posteroventral denticle, and a well-developed row of plumose setae above the caudal angle. The posterodorsal opaque spot that is usual in N. schulzi is not visible.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898449FFC5FF0C2EB2AEDD9B39.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Hartmann (1964) pointed out differences of size, shape and marginal denticulation from N. longisetosa, with careful illustrations of the antennal hook, marginal denticles, plumose caudal setae and the finely crenulate (microcrystalline) texture of the hinge elements. Many of those traits have proved to be diagnostic for the genus. Maddocks (1995) clarified the taxonomic concept for the genus and some Indo-Pacific occurrence records for the species.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F887898449FFC5FF0C2EB2AEDD9B39.taxon	distribution	Distribution: On calcareous algae at Ghardaqa, common to 80 m in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea; common in shallow carbonate environments around Nosy Be, Madagascar; near Anse Royale on Mahe Island, Amirante Island group, The Seychelles.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789844BFFC5FF0C284FAA4E9FE9.taxon	description	(Figure 13 J – M) 1886 Bairdia tenera Brady: 304, Pl. 39, figs. 13 – 15. 1890 Bairdia tenera Brady — Brady, 495, Pl. 1, figs. 11 – 12. 1902 Bairdia tenera Brady — Chapman, p. 422. 1905 Bairdia inornata A. Scott: 372, Pl. 1, figs. 11 – 12 [subjective synonym]. 1969 Neonesidea tenera (Brady) — Maddocks, p. 33, Pl. 2, fig. 4.? 1983 Neonesidea n. sp. 1 — Bonaduce et al.: 478, Fig. 4, figs. 6 – 9.? 1983 Neonesidea? tenera (Brady) — Bonaduce et al., p. 481.? 1995 Neonesidea tenera (Brady) — Whatley & Roberts, Fig. 1 – 1. 1999 Neonesidea tenera (Brady) — Whatley & Jones ,, Pl. 1, fig. 10. 2000 Neonesidea tenera (Brady) — Whatley, Table 1. 2000 Neonesidea tenera (Brady) — Whatley, Jones & Wouters, 85, Pl. 2, figs. 1, 2, 4 (not fig. 3).? 2002 Neonesidea gr. tenera (Brady) — Hoibian et al., p. 183. 2012 Neonesidea tenera (Brady) — Munef, p. 154, Pl. 1, figs. 10 – 11. 2013 Neonesidea tenera (Brady) — Maddocks, p. 477, Figs. 5 A – D, 6 A – L, 7 A – I, 8 A – J, 9 A – H, 10 A – L, 11 A – H, 12 A – H, 13 A – D, 14 A – E, 15 – 17. 2018 Neonesidea tenera (Brady) — Maddocks (2018), Figs. 3 A – C; 5 A – B, G, I; 6 D; 7 A – C; 10 A, C. non 1894 Bairdia inornata T. Scott: 136, Pl. 14, figs. 40 – 41 [= senior homonym of B. inornata A. Scott]. non 2012 Neonesidea tenera? (Brady) — Antonietto et al., p. 35, Fig. 4, figs. 16 – 22.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789844BFFC5FF0C284FAA4E9FE9.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 38 living specimens in 5 samples from French Frigate Shoals, the Hawaiian Islands (see Maddocks 2013).	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789844BFFC5FF0C284FAA4E9FE9.taxon	description	Dimensions: Maddocks (2013, p. 478, Fig. 15) reported the following dimensions: Female specimen 3892 F, L 0.833 mm, H 0.506 mm; Female specimen 3905 F, L 0.824 mm, H 0.473 mm.; Male specimen 3906 M, L 0.797 mm, H 0.453 mm. Supplemental Description: The plate is broad and slightly scoop-shaped with bowed edges and beveled scroll. The posterior margin carries an even row of six broad teeth with crescentic to low-conical terminations, symmetrically arrayed on either side of a narrow medial gap, with wider gaps near the distal corners, and multilobate corner teeth.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789844BFFC5FF0C284FAA4E9FE9.taxon	discussion	Remarks: See Maddocks (2013, 2018) for a description of the Hawaiian population.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
03F88789844BFFC5FF0C284FAA4E9FE9.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Gulf of Mannar, Ceylon; coast of Socotra Island, Yemen; Gulf of Aqaba (?); Hanéohe Bay, O’ahu, and French Frigate Shoals, the Hawaiian Islands. See Maddocks (2013) for further evaluation.	en	Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2021): Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in the Genus Neonesidea (Bairdioidea, Podocopida, Ostracoda), including descriptions of new and poorly known species from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 4903 (4): 451-492, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.1
