taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F887B0FF847954FF18F737720DFD27.taxon	description	BRAUNS (1912) described N. kobrowi based on a male and directly compared it with N. gigas. According to his careful and detailed descriptions, males of both species differ considerably in colour patterns and morphology, thus, clearly represent separate species. Examination of the holotype of N. kobrowi confirmed this, so the species status of N. kobrowi is here restored. Examination of type material of N. eximia revealed that this species is conspecific with N. kobrowi and, consequently, is synonymised here. In particular with respect to the conspicuous differences in coloration of the two taxa it is surprising that EARDLEY & SCHWARZ (1991: 19) synonymized both based on the justification that: „ The holotype of N. kobrowi was found to be an unusually pale coloured specimen of N. gigas and is, therefore, here synonymized with the latter ". The hitherto unknown female of N. kobrowi is here described for the first time. The characteristic male was described in detail by BRAUNS (1912) and as N. eximia by EARDLEY & SCHWARZ (1991). Thus, to facilitate the identification only images are provided without repeating the description. D i a g n o s i s: The female of N. kobrowi is immediately recognizable by its unique coloration: Scutellum entirely reddish-brown (Fig. 5), T 2 - 3 laterally each with a pair of yellowish-white spots (Figs 2, 6). Pseudopygidial area of T 5 equipped with dense rows of white scale hairs (Fig. 10). D e s c r i p t i o n F e m a l e: Body-length: 6.7 mm (Habitus: Figs 1 - 2). Head: Head black, reddish-brown are: antenna (except last three flagellar segments darker), lower margin of the clypeus, lower margin of the malar area, mandible (tip black) (Fig. 3), labrum (Fig. 9). Head broader than long. First flagellar segment longer than second (ratio 1: 0.77) (Fig. 7), following flagellar segments slightly longer than wide. Supraclypleal area with longitudinal keel raised with highest point slightly below the base of the antenna. Clypeus in lateral view slightly convex, punctation becoming finer towards the middle, between punctures smooth and shiny (Fig. 8). Labrum transversely oval in shape, slightly medio-longitudinally raised, apically with three symmetrically arranged teeth, surface finely punctate, smooth and shiny between punctures (Fig. 9). Mesosoma: Integument black, reddish-brown are: pronotum, pronotal lobe, two broad but diffusely delineated longitudinal stripes on the scutum (brighter in the middle) (Fig. 4), tegula, axilla, scutellum, metanotum (Fig. 5). Scutum and propodeum finely punctate, shiny and smooth between punctures; scutellum and metanotum finely punctate, matt; scutellum medially depressed and laterally with distinct swelling. Wings: Wing venation yellowishbrown, membrane hyaline yellow. Legs: Front leg predominantly reddish-brown, mid legs with black coxa and trochanter reddish-brown with black maculation, hind legs to the middle of the femur black, otherwise reddish-brown. Hind tibia apically with four short straight reddish-brown spines, outer spine slightly thinner. Metasoma: Integument black; reddish-brown are T 1 - 2 and T 5, the posterior half of T 3 and the posterior third of T 4, T 2 - 3 laterally each with a pair of yellowish-white spots (Fig. 6). S 1 - 6 completely reddish-brown. Punctation of T 1 more scattered than on following terga, punctures are about as far apart as their diameter, following terga densely punctate, punctation of T 2 - 5 successively coarser, marginal zones of T 1 - 4 smooth and impunctate. Pseudopygidial area with dense rows of white scale hairs, pygidial plate broad and flat triangular, very finely punctate (Fig. 10). G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Only known from two localities in northeastern South Africa. H o s t: Unknown. R e m a r k s: Males and female are assumed to belong to the same species based on their characteristic colour pattern although they were not collected together. The male holotype of N. eximia was published to be in Coll. Schwarz, Ansfelden (Austria) (EARDLEY & SCHWARZ 1991) but could not be located there. Instead, the single paratype (SANC) was examined that was collected together with the holotype.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2023): The South African species of the bee genus Nomada SCOPOLI, 1770 (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10414660
03F887B0FF80795AFF18F098722DFBF2.taxon	description	Lekkersing, road side, 29 ° 03´28 ´´ S 19 ° 07´16 ´´ E, 300 m, 24. ix. 2009, leg. M. Kuhlmann (RCMK); 1 ♁, 40 km SW Springbok, Wildeperdehoek Pass, 29 ° 56´42 ´´ S 17 ° 37´57 ´´ E, 550 m, 22. ix. 2009, leg. M. Kuhlmann (RCMK); 1 ♀, Kamiesberg Mts., 5 km SE Leliefontein, road side, 30 ° 20´09 ´´ S 18 ° 06´24 ´´ E, 1400 m, 4. x. 2014, leg. M. Kuhlmann (RCMK); 2 ♀♀, idem., 5. x. 2014 (RCMK); 2 ♀♀, 1 ♁, 20 km N Nieuwoudtville, Vlei near Hellse Pad, Fynbos, 31 ° 10´34 ´´ S 19 ° 01´09 ´´ E, 810 m, 28. ix. 2014, leg. M. Kuhlmann (RCMK); 2 ♁♁, 15 km NW Nieuwoudtville, Farm Engelsepunt, Fynbos, 31 ° 14´30 ´´ S 18 ° 59´13 ´´ E, 830 m, 29. ix. 2006, leg. M. Kuhlmann (RCMK); 1 ♀, 12 km NW Nieuwoudtville, Farm Avontuur, dolerite hill, 31 ° 16´02 ´´ S 19 ° 04´05 ´´ E, 830 m, 3. ix. 2009, leg. M. Kuhlmann (RCMK); 3 ♀♀, 12 km NW Nieuwoudtville, Farm Avontuur, Fynbos, 31 ° 16´18 ´´ S 19 ° 2´55 ´´ E, 770 m, 14. ix. 2019, leg. M. Kuhlmann (RCMK); 1 ♀, 30 km N Calvinia, road side, dolerite, 31 ° 21´09 ´´ S 19 ° 50´04 ´´ E, 880 m, 20. ix. 2009, leg. M. Kuhlmann (RCMK); 1 ♁, Nieuwoudtville, Flower Reserve East, 31 ° 21´56 ´´ S 19 ° 08´52 ´´ E, 735 m, 19. v. 2013, leg. M. Kuhlmann (RCMK); 1 ♀, 2 ♁♁, idem., 25. v. 2013, (RCMK); 1 ♀, 6. ix. 2002 (RCMK); 1 ♀, 11. ix. 2002 (RCMK); 1 ♁, idem., 2. vi. 2004 (RCMK); 1 ♀, Nieuwoudtville, Flower Reserve, Pf, 31 ° 22´10 ´´ S 19 ° 08´50 ´´ E, 770 m, 11. ix. 2006, leg. K. Timmermann (RCMK); 1 ♀, idem., 18. ix. 2006 (RCMK); 1 ♀, Nieuwoudtville, Wild Flower Reserve, dolerite hills, 21. viii. 2007, leg. K. Timmermann (RCMK); 1 ♁, Nieuwoudtville, Wild Flower Reserve, Car Park East, 31 ° 22´18 ´´ S 19 ° 08´58 ´´ E, 730 m, 14. viii. 2010, leg. M. Kuhlmann (RCMK); 1 ♀, Nieuwoudtville, Flower Reserve, Rondell, Car Park East, 31 ° 22´18 ´´ S 19 ° 08´58 ´´ E, 730 m, 4. x. 2006, leg. M. Kuhlmann (RCMK); 1 ♀, Knersvlakte, along Gemsbokrivier-Pad, 31 ° 23´57 ´´ S 18 ° 23´11 ´´ E, 120 – 195 m, 14. ix. 2007, leg. M. Kuhlmann (RCMK); 1 ♁, Gemsbokrivier-Pad, 4.5 km NE Grootdrif, road side, 31 ° 25´54 ´´ S 18 ° 55´16 ´´ E, 170 m, 20. viii. 2010, leg. M. Kuhlmann (RCMK); 2 ♁♁, idem., 10. ix. 2010 (RCMK); 2 ♀♀, Knersvlakte, 5 km N Grootdrif, 31 ° 26´40 ´´ S 18 ° 56´23 ´´ E, 195 m, 21. ix. 2007, leg. K. Timmermann (RCMK); 1 ♀, idem., leg. Kuhlmann (RMCK); 3 ♀♀, 6 ♁♁, idem., 14. ix. 2007, leg. K. Timmermann (RCMK); 1 ♀, 1 ♁, idem., 28. v. 2013, leg. M. Kuhlmann (RMCK); 2 ♁♁, idem., 5. vi. 2013 (RCMK); 1 ♀, Keiski Mts., 5 km S Farm Nooiensrivier, dolerite hill, 31 ° 45´54 ´´ S 19 ° 50´17 ´´ E, 1270 m, 29. viii. 2010, leg. M. Kuhlmann (RMCK); 9 ♀♀, Keiski Mts., 5 km S Farm Nooiensrivier, burned area, 1275 m, 28. ix. 2009, leg. M. Kuhlmann (RMCK); 4 ♀♀, idem., 4. x. 2009 (RCMK); 1 ♀, Roggeveld Mts., 2 km SE Farm Allemansdam, burnt area, 31 ° 49´32 ´´ S 19 ° 59´55 ´´ E, 1290 m, 29. viii. 2018, leg. M. Kuhlmann (RMCK); 1 ♁, Tankwa National Park, Renoster River, yellow pan trap, 32 ° 14´42 ´´ S 20 ° 05´49 ´´ E, 490 m, 6. v. - 4. vi. 2014, leg. S. van Noort (SAMC). G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Widely distributed in the Greater Cape Floristic Region (for definition see BORN et al. 2017). H o s t: BRAUNS (1912: 68) first erroneously assumed Colletes species to be host of N. gigas but later mentioned Melitta arrogans (SMITH, 1879) (as Melitta capensis FRIESE) (BRAUNS 1930: 43) which can be confirmed by own observations.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2023): The South African species of the bee genus Nomada SCOPOLI, 1770 (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10414660
03F887B0FF8E795EFF18F64D70FEF9DD.taxon	description	D i a g n o s i s: The female of N. roggeveldi is best identified by the conspicuous flat clypeus (Figs 52, 55). Labrum with low and short longitudinal median carina ending in a single medial tooth (Figs 53, 56). First flagellar segment distinctly longer than second (ratio 1: 0.53) (Fig. 51). Hind tibia apically with a row of five to seven slightly downward bent brownish-black spines. D e s c r i p t i o n F e m a l e: Body-length: 6.5 - 8.0 mm (Habitus: Figs 45 - 46). Head: Head black, reddish-brown are: antennal scape directly at the base, flagellum ventrally dark reddish-brown (except first flagellar segment orange), malar area and part of the mandible (Fig. 47). Head slightly broader than long. First flagellar segment significantly longer than second (ratio 1: 0.53) (Fig. 51), all other flagellar segments a little longer than wide. Supraclypleal area with raised longitudinal keel that has its highest point between the antennae. Integument around ocelli impunctate. Clypeus flat, with fine and dense elongate punctation, surface between punctures smooth and shiny (Figs 52, 55). Labrum transversely oval shaped, with a single medial black tooth, surface finely punctate, smooth and shiny between punctation (Figs 53, 56). Mesosoma: Integument black; reddish-brown are: pronotum except laterally, pronotal lobe, spot on tegula (Fig. 48), scutellum with lateral spots, metanotum with medial transverse oval spot and an inverted-U-shaped maculation on the mesepisternum (variable in size and form) (Fig. 49). Scutum and propodeum finely punctate, shiny and smooth between punctures; scutellum and metanotum with slightly finer punctation, matt; scutellum slightly depressed medially and with distinct lateral swelling (Fig. 49). Wings: Wing venation reddish-brown at the base, apically brownish to black, membrane hyaline brown (Fig. 46). Legs: Front leg predominantly reddish-brown with black and brown maculation, mid and hind legs predominantly brownish-black (Fig. 46). Hind tibia apically with a row of five to seven slightly curved brownish-black spines. Metasoma: Metasoma mostly black; reddish-brown are posterior half of T 1 and all of T 2, on T 3 - 4 with a narrow transverse stripe in front of the marginal zone (Fig. 50). S 1 - 2 reddish-brown. Punctation of T 1 more scattered than on following terga, punctures are about as far apart as their diameter. All other terga densely punctate and matt, punctation of T 2 - 6 successively coarser, marginal zones of T 1 - 4 smooth. Posterior margin of T 5 very slightly concave medially, pseudopygidial area medioapically with long backwards directed black setae surrounded by short appressed silvery hair (Fig. 54). Pygidial plate narrow and flat triangular with rounded tip, finely punctate (Fig. 54). M a l e: Unknown. E t y m o l o g y: Named after the Roggeveld Mountains between Calvinia and Sutherland where most specimens of this species were collected. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Found in the Roggeveld Mountains between Calvinia and Sutherland, at the foot of the Kamiesberg Mountains in the wider area of Kamieskroon and in lowlands west of Piketberg. H o s t: Unknown.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2023): The South African species of the bee genus Nomada SCOPOLI, 1770 (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10414660
03F887B0FF8B795CFF18F2AB70FEFA7C.taxon	description	D i a g n o s i s: The female of N. erhardti is very similar to N. maximiliani, but can be distinguished by a pair of reddish-brown spots on the clypeus (completely black in N. maximiliani) (Fig. 64), scutum with coarser punctation and well-defined pair of reddish-brown longitudinal stripes (Fig. 60) (almost invisible in N. maximiliani). Moreover, first and second flagellar segments about equal length (Fig. 63) and pygidial plate broad and finely punctate (Fig. 66). D e s c r i p t i o n F e m a l e: Body-length: 11.6 mm (Habitus: Figs 57 - 58). Head: Head black, reddish-brown are: base of antennal scape, ventral side of antennal flagellum (except first flagellar segment orange), pair of reddish-brown spots on the lower half of the clypeus, malar area, mandible partly reddish-brown (Fig. 59), lateral margin of labrum (Fig. 65). Head slightly broader than long. First and second flagellar segments about the same length (ratio 1: 1) (Fig. 63) and longer than wide. Supraclypleal area with longitudinal keel raised with highest point between the base of the antenna. Clypeus in lateral view slightly asymmetrically convex, with the highest part in the upper half and flattened in the lower part, punctation fine and dense, between punctures smooth and shiny (Fig. 64). Labrum transversely oval in shape, medially with three to four small black teeth, surface finely punctate, smooth and shiny between punctures (Fig. 65). Mesosoma: Integument black, reddish-brown are: pronotal lobe, pair of longitudinal stripes on the scutum, tegula, axilla (Fig. 60), scutellum with pair of lateral spots on anterior swelling and lower posterior margin, metanotum with broad traversal oval spot (Fig. 61) and horseshoe-shaped maculation on the mesepisternum. Scutum and propodeum finely punctate, shiny and smooth between punctures; scutellum and metanotum with slightly finer punctation, matt (Fig. 60); scutellum medially depressed and laterally with distinct swelling (Fig. 61). Wings: Wing venation reddish-brown at the base, apically brownish to black, membrane hyaline brown. Legs: Front leg predominantly reddish-brown with black and brown maculations, tibia brownish-black with reddish-brown maculation, mid and hind legs predominantly black with reddish brown maculations (Fig. 58). Hind tibia apically with three bent black spines. Metasoma: Metasoma mostly black; reddish-brown are posterior two thirds of T 1, all of T 2, T 3 - 4 with a narrow transverse stripe in front of the marginal zone (Fig. 62); S 1 - 2 reddish-brown, S 3 black with broad reddish-brown stripe posteriorly, S 4 - 5 black with small reddish-brown stripe posteriorly. Punctation of T 1 more scattered than on following terga, punctures are about as far apart as their diameter, following terga densely punctate and matt, punctation of T 2 - 5 successively coarser, marginal zones of T 1 - 4 smooth and impunctate. Pseudopygidial area on T 5 medially with pointed black setae, that are slightly bent upwards and directed backwards, laterally thinner pale silverish setae (Fig. 66). Pygidial plate broad and flat triangular with rounded tip, finely and irregularly punctate (Fig. 66). M a l e: Unknown. E t y m o l o g y: The species is dedicated to Hergen Erhardt, Edewecht (Germany), who has joined me for fieldwork and supported South African bee taxonomic projects in various ways over many years. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Only known from the type locality in the vicinity of Nieuwoudtville. H o s t: Unknown.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2023): The South African species of the bee genus Nomada SCOPOLI, 1770 (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10414660
03F887B0FF897940FF18F19570FEFED5.taxon	description	D i a g n o s i s: The female of N. maximiliani is very similar to N. erhardti, but can be distinguished by the completely black clypeus (with a pair of reddish-brown spots in N. erhardti) (Fig. 74), scutum with finer punctation and almost invisible pair of reddish-brown longitudinal stripes (Fig. 70) (well-defined in N. erhardti). Moreover, first flagellar segment slightly longer than second (ratio 1: 0.81) (Fig. 73), pygidial plate broad and finely punctate (Fig. 76). D e s c r i p t i o n F e m a l e: Body-length: 11.4 - 13.2 mm (Habitus: Figs 67 - 68). Head: Head black, reddish-brown are: base of antennal scape, ventral side of antennal flagellum (except first flagellar segment orange), lower half of malar area, mandible partly reddish-brown (Fig. 69), lateral margin of labrum (Fig. 75). Head slightly broader than long. First flagellar segment a little longer as the second (ratio 1: 0.81) (Fig. 73), all flagellar segments longer than wide. Supraclypeal area with longitudinal keel raised with highest point between the base of the antenna. Clypeus in lateral view slightly asymmetrically convex, with the highest part in the upper half and flattened in the lower part, punctation fine and dense, between punctures smooth and shiny (Fig. 74). Labrum transversely oval in shape, apical transverse ridge medially with three or four asymmetrically arranged small teeth on upper margin of traverse ridge, surface finely punctate, smooth and shiny between punctation (Fig. 75). Mesosoma: Integument black, reddish-brown are: pronotal lobe, weakly developed pair of longitudinal stripes on the scutum, tegula, axilla (Fig. 70), scutellum with pair of lateral spots on anterior swelling and lower posterior margin, metanotum except lateral margin (Fig. 71) and horseshoe-shaped maculation on the mesepisternum. Scutum and propodeum finely punctate, shiny and smooth between punctures; scutellum and metanotum with slightly finer punctation, matt; scutellum medially depressed and laterally with distinct swelling. Wings: Wing venation reddish-brown at the base, apically brownish to black, membrane hyaline brown. Legs: Front leg predominantly reddish-brown with black and brown maculation, tibia brownish-black with reddish-brown maculation, mid and hind legs predominantly black with reddish brown maculation (Fig. 68). Hind tibia apically with four straight black spines, outer spine slightly paler and thinner. Metasoma: Metasoma mostly black; reddish-brown are posterior half of T 1, all of T 2, T 3 - 4 with a narrow transverse stripe in front of the marginal zone, marginal zone of T 3 - 4 yellowish translucent, T 5 posteriorly lighter dark brown (Fig. 72), S 1 - 2 mostly reddish-brown with black maculation, S 3 - 5 black with small reddish-brown stripe posteriorly. Punctation of T 1 more scattered than on following terga, punctures are about as far apart as their diameter, following terga densely punctate and matt, punctation of T 2 - 5 successively coarser, marginal zones of T 1 - 4 smooth and impunctate. Pseudopygidial area on T 5 medio-posteriorly with a broad crest of pointed black slightly upwards bent setae, laterally with slightly shorter, pale and backwards directed setae (Fig. 76). Pygidial plate broad and flat triangular with rounded tip, finely punctate (Fig. 76). M a l e: Unknown. E t y m o l o g y: The species is dedicated to my respected colleague Maximilian SCHWARZ, Ansfelden (Austria), who is a famous and esteemed expert for Nomada taxonomy. During the last decades he has supported my work in many ways. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Only known from the northern part of the Roggeveld Mountains between Calvinia and Sutherland. H o s t: Unknown.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2023): The South African species of the bee genus Nomada SCOPOLI, 1770 (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10414660
03F887B0FF947946FF18F32D7095FEEB.taxon	description	D i a g n o s i s: The female of N. redivivoides is best identified by the medio-longitudinally more dispersed and irregular punctation of the clypeus with interspaces polished and shiny (Fig. 84). In addition, pseudopygidial area apically with a narrow and sparse hair fringe (Fig. 86); pygidial plate narrow and coarsely punctate (Fig. 86). D e s c r i p t i o n F e m a l e: Body-length: 10.1 - 13.2 mm (Habitus: Figs 77 - 78). Head: Head black, reddish-brown are: base of antennal scape, ventral side of antennal flagellum (except first flagellar segment orange), malar area, base and tip of mandible (Fig. 79), labrum usually with small medioapical brown spot (varies from completely black to larger spot) and laterally coloured margin (varies from entirely black to small reddish-brown margin) (Fig. 85). Head slightly broader than long. First flagellar segment longer than second (ratio ventrally 1: 0.76) (Fig. 83), all flagellar segments longer than wide. Supraclypeal area with longitudinal keel raised with highest point slightly below the base of the antenna. Clypeus in lateral view slightly asymmetrically convex, with the highest part in the upper half and flattened in the lower half, coarse irregular punctation, between punctures smooth and shiny, medially small smooth polished surface (Figs 84, 87). Labrum transversely oval in shape, apical transverse ridge medially with three small teeth, the middle tooth is slightly higher arranged than the lateral teeth, surface irregularly punctate, smooth and shiny between punctation (Figs 85, 88). Mesosoma: Integument black, reddish-brown are: pronotum dorsally, pronotal lobe, two longitudinal stripes on both sides of the scutum (they vary from completely black to clear coloured stripes), tegula, axilla (Fig. 80), scutellum with pair of lateral spots on anterior swelling and lower posterior margin, metanotum except lateral margin and horseshoe-shaped maculation on the mesepisternum (Fig. 81). Scutum and propodeum finely punctate, shiny and smooth between punctures; scutellum and metanotum with slightly finer punctation, matt; scutellum medially depressed and laterally with distinct swelling. Wings: Wing venation reddish-brown at the base, apically brownish to black, membrane hyaline brown (Figs 77 - 78). Legs: Front leg predominantly reddish-brown with black and brown maculation, tibia brownish-black with a medial reddish-brown maculation, mid and hind legs predominantly black with reddish brown maculation (Fig. 78). Hind tibia posteriorly with four to six straight black spines, outer spine sometimes slightly more distance to the others. Metasoma: Metasoma mostly black; reddish-brown are posterior half of T 1, all of T 2, T 3 - 4 with a narrow transverse stripe in front of the marginal zone, T 5 - 6 posteriorly lighter dark brown (Fig. 82), S 1 - 2 mostly reddish-brown, S 3 - 5 black with small reddish-brown stripe posteriorly. Punctation of T 1 more scattered than on following terga, punctures are about as far apart as their diameter. All other terga densely punctate and matt, punctation of T 2 - 6 successively coarser, marginal zones of T 1 - 4 smooth and impunctate. Pseudopygidial area on T 5 narrow and with sparse hairs. Medially with brownish-black and laterally with pale setae (Fig. 86). Pygidal plate narrow and flat triangular with a rounded tip, coarsely punctate (Fig. 86). M a l e: Unknown. E t y m o l o g y: The species is named after the subgenus Redivivoides MICHENER, 1981 of its assumed host species Rediviva (Redivivoides) variabilis (KUHLMANN, 2012). Noun in apposition. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Only known from the Kamiesberg Mountains in the wider vicinity of Kamieskroon. H o s t: Females were observed to inspect and enter nests of Rediviva (Redivivoides) variabilis (KUHLMANN, 2012).	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2023): The South African species of the bee genus Nomada SCOPOLI, 1770 (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10414660
03F887B0FF927948FF18F7E672F2FD75.taxon	description	Although the female of N. whiteheadi was described by EARDLEY & SCHWARZ (1991) it is here redescribed to highlight the differences to its previously unknown close relatives. Figs 89 - 94: Nomada whiteheadi EARDLEY & SCHWARZ, 1991, ♀ (89) dorsal view; (90) lateral view; (91) head; (92) scutum; (93) propodeum; (94) metasoma. The male of N. whiteheadi was described by EARDLEY (1993) based on three specimens, one of them collected in Vanrhynsdorp was examined and perfectly matches the description (located in SAMC, not in DNMNH (former TMSA) as indicated in the publication). The two other males mentioned by EARDLEY (1993) were not available for study. Thus, redescription and images are solely based on this individual. However, there are indications that females and males might be incorrectly associated (see " Remarks " below). D i a g n o s i s: The female of N. whiteheadi is unique by the conspicuous apical, broad comb of strong flat and black, slightly upwards bent setae of the pseudopygidial area on T 5 (Fig. 98). The male is characterised by the comparatively dense and long greyish-white pubescence of head and mesosoma (Figs 99 - 102). Pygidial plate finely punctate, narrow and flat triangular with rounded tip (Fig. 104). Genitalia and S 7 as illustrated (Figs 108 - 110). D e s c r i p t i o n F e m a l e: Body-length: 9.6 - 13.2 mm (Habitus: Figs 89 - 90). Head: Head black, reddish-brown are: antennal scape except tip, ventral side of antennal flagellum (except first flagellar segment orange), lower margin of the clypeus (to a variable extent), malar area, base and tip of mandible (Fig. 91). Coloration of labrum variable, from completely black to yellowish-orange, intermediate forms sometimes with small apical brown spot (s) and yellowish-orange margin (s) (Fig. 97). Specimens from higher altitude generally more blackish. Head slightly broader than long. First flagellar segment longer than second (ratio 1: 0.76) (Fig. 95), all flagellar segments longer than wide. Supraclypleal area broadly adjoining the clypeus, longitudinal keel raised with highest point between the base of the antenna. Clypeus in lateral view slightly asymmetrically convex, with the highest part in the upper half and flattened in the lower half, punctation fine and dense, between punctures smooth and shiny (Fig. 96). Labrum transversely oval in shape, arcuate apical transverse ridge with medially three or four asymmetrically arranged small, yellowish translucent teeth on its upper margin, surface finely punctate, smooth and shiny between punctation (Fig. 97). Mesosoma: Integument black, reddish-brown are: pronotal lobe, pair of longitudinal stripes on the scutum (variable in extent), tegula, axilla (Fig. 92), scutellum with pair of lateral spots on anterior swelling and lower posterior edge, metanotum except lateral margin and horseshoe-shaped maculation (variable in extent) on the mesepisternum (Fig. 93). Scutum and propodeum finely punctate, shiny and smooth between punctures; scutellum and metanotum with slightly finer punctation, matt; scutellum medially depressed and laterally with distinct swelling. Wings: Wing venation reddish-brown at the base, apically brownish to black, membrane hyaline brown (Fig. 90). Legs: Front leg predominantly reddish-brown with black and brown maculation, tibia brownish-black with transversal reddish-brown spot, mid and hind legs predominantly black with reddish-brown maculation (Fig. 90). Hind tibia apically with three to four straight black spines, outer spine sometimes slightly paler and thinner. Metasoma: Metasoma mostly black; reddish-brown are posterior half of T 1, all of T 2, T 3 - 4 with a narrow transverse stripe anterior of the marginal zone, T 5 - 6 posteriorly lighter dark brown (Fig. 94), S 1 - 3 mostly reddish-brown with black maculation, S 5 - 6 black with small reddish-brown stripe posteriorly. Punctation of T 1 more scattered than on following terga, punctures are about as far apart as their diameter, following terga densely punctate and matt, punctation of T 2 - 6 successively coarser, marginal zones of T 1 - 4 smooth and impunctate. Posterior margin of T 5 medially emarginate and slightly raised, pseudopygidial area on T 5 posteriorly with a crest of strong blunt black, slightly upwards bent setae that are directed backwards, this crest partly covered by a sparse transverse patch of thinner long yellowish to silverish hairs (Fig. 98). Pygidial plate broad and flat triangular with rounded tip, finely punctate (Fig. 98). M a l e: Body-length: 11.3 mm (Habitus: Fig. 99). Head: Head black, reddish-brown are: lower 2 / 3 of antennal scape, ventral side of antennal flagellum (except first flagellar segment orange), lower margin of the clypeus, malar area, mandible except tip and lateral maculation (Fig. 100), medioapical margin of labrum (Fig. 106). Head broader than long and covered with dense silverfish hair. First flagellar segment longer than second (ratio 1: 0.77) (Fig. 105), all flagellar segments longer than wide. Supraclypleal area with longitudinal keel raised with highest point below the base of the antenna. Clypeus in lateral view slightly asymmetrically convex, with the highest part in the upper half and flattened in the lower part, punctation fine and dense, between punctures smooth and shiny. Labrum transversely oval in shape, no visible teeth, surface irregularly finely punctate, smooth and shiny between punctation (Fig. 106). Mesosoma: Integument black, reddish-brown are: pronotal lobe, pair of longitudinal stripes on the scutum, tegula, axilla (Fig. 101), scutellum with pair of lateral spots on anterior swelling and lower posterior margin, metanotum and horseshoe-shaped maculation on the mesepisternum (Fig. 102). Scutum and propodeum finely punctate, shiny and smooth between punctures; scutellum and metanotum with slightly finer punctation; scutellum medially depressed and laterally with distinct swelling. Entire mesosoma except propodeum with long silverish hairs. Wings: Wing venation reddish-brown at the base, apically brownish to black, membrane hyaline brown. Legs: Front leg predominantly reddish-brown with black and brown maculation, mid and hind legs predominantly brown with reddish brown maculation. Hair fringes on the front tarsi (Fig. 107). Metasoma: Metasoma black; reddish-brown are: posterior half of T 1 except marginal zone and black transvers stripe anteriorly of the marginal zone, anterior half of T 2, posterior margin of T 6 (Fig. 103), stripe in the middle of S 1, anterior margin of S 2 with narrow stripe, reddish-brown maculation on the anterior margin of S 3. Punctation of T 1 more scattered than on following terga, punctures are about as far apart as their diameter, following terga densely punctate and matt, punctation of T 2 - 6 successively coarser, marginal zones of T 1 - 6 smooth and impunctate. Pygidial plate narrow and flat triangular with rounded tip, finely punctate (Fig. 104). Terminalia: Genitalia (Figs 109 - 110) and S 7 (Fig. 108) as illustrated. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Thespeciesisendemictothewinterrainfall region in the west of South Africa. H o s t: Females were observed to inspect and enter nests of Rediviva (Redivivoides) variabilis (KUHLMANN, 2012). R e m a r k s: None of the three males, that were assigned to N. whiteheadi by EARDLEY (1993), was collected together with females. Thus, without additional information (e. g. DNA barcoding) they cannot be assigned with certainty to N. whiteheadi or one of the other very similar four or even five (including the more distantly related N. roggeveldi nov. sp.) species. However, until new evidence becomes available and for taxonomic stability this male is provisionally further treated as N. whiteheadi, although there are some doubts about its identity. For sex association in Nomada general colour pattern and morphology of the labrum turned out to be useful characters (J. Smit, pers. comm.). While colour patterns are very similar in the five species of this complex, the male misses the arcuate apical transverse ridge with medially three or four asymmetrically arranged small teeth on its upper margin. They are typical for the females of N. erhardti nov. sp., N. maximiliani nov. sp., N. redivivoides nov. sp. and N. whiteheadi (Figs 65, 75, 85, 97). In addition, the male is unusually hairy (Figs 99 - 102). Hence, it seems unlikely that this male belongs to N. whiteheadi and it might even represent a hitherto unknown new species.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2023): The South African species of the bee genus Nomada SCOPOLI, 1770 (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 55 (1): 155-186, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10414660
