identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
23FFC9040E9F4FF773B302F7644B1A6D.text	23FFC9040E9F4FF773B302F7644B1A6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amastris Stal	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Membracidae</p><p>Amastris Stal Figs 12-20, 42-49, 65</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Usually with the following characters: head and thorax without scoli; posterior extension of pronotum not surpassing anterior margin of metanotum; terga III-VIII with paired, short, chalazal scoli of subequal size; body including wing pad densely covered with chalazae bearing short setae.</p><p>Nymphal description.</p><p>Overall body. Chalazal setae short; dorsal contour of abdomen in lateral view curvilinear or linear; scoli parallel (except tightly appressed in Amastris sp. 5). Head. Scoli absent; chalazal setae simple, needlelike. Prothorax. Pre- and postmetopidum without scoli; posterior extension of pronotum not surpassing anterior margin of metanotum. Mesothorax. With paired enlarged chalazae dorsally; scoli absent; forewing pad costal margin straight or sinuate, with enlarged chalazae only along base; forewing pad chalazae sparse, chalazal setae short; lateral rows of abdomen not extending onto meso- and metathorax. Metathorax. Dorsally with paired scoli; scolar chalazae bearing tuberculate chalazae; scolar directed dorsally or posteriorly; dorsal scoli relative size to themselves scoli 2-4 5 basal width. Legs. Chalazae of tibia on lateral margins and many on dorsal surface. Abdomen. Terga III-VIII ventrolateral margins with single enlarged chalaza; terga III-VIII dorsal scoli all subequal in size, tallest about 2-4 5 basal width, apices acute; tergum IV dorsal scoli basally directed dorsoposteriorly, distally directed posteriorly; terga III-VIII with 2 lateral rows of enlarged chalazae. Segment IX. Dorsal length subequal to combined length of segments IV-VIII; apex without dorsal enlarged chalazae or scoli; ventral extension subequal to dorsal extension.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Amastris elevata, 1 nymph, 1 ant, GUYANA: Demerera Co., nr Lukabuna Crk, Georgetown-Linden Hwy, ca km55, 13 July 1987, elev. ca 50m. S.H. McKamey lot #87-14c (USNM); Amastris obtegens (Fabricius), 1 adult, 1 nymph, Mazaruni-Potaro, ca 13 rd km S Bartica, ca 100m, 17 August 1987, S.H. McKamey lot#87-0817-g (USNM); Amastris sp. 1, 1 adult, 1 nymph, Mazaruni-Potaro, Bartica, 94m. 8 August 1987, S.H. McKamey lot#87-140a (USNM); Amastris exigua Broomfield, 1 adult, 1 nymph, ECUADOR: Pastaza-Puyo, 960m, 2 March 1986, S.H. McKamey lot#86-0302-34 (USNM); Amastris sp. 2, 1 adult, 1 nymph, Napo. Coca. 9-19 February 1986, 249m. McKamey, Coll. #86-0212-10 (USNM); Amastris sp. 3, 1 adult, 1 nymph, Moroni-Santigao. Macas, 9 May 1986, 1070m, S.H. McKamey lot# 86-0509-2 (USNM). Amastris sp. 4, 1 adult, 1 nymph, GUYANA, Demerara Co., ca 46 rd km S of Linden, ca. 70m, 13-Aug 1987, S.H. McKamey lot#87-160a,b USNM); Amastris sp. 5, 1 adult, 1 nymph, Pichincha, Tinalandia, 16 km E Sto. Domingo de los Colorados. 16-20 April 1986. ca 600m, S.H. McKamey lot#86-0419-2 (USNM); Amastris sp. 6, 2 adults, 1 nymph, Napo, Limoncocha, 22 August 1988, S.H. McKamey coll#88-42d (USNM).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil and Peru northward to the United States.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>As far as known, all Amastris are subsocial, with the female parent sitting atop her uncovered egg mass, which are inserted into stems of the host, and tending her nymphs after hatching (Fig. 65). Nymphal aggregations are almost always ant-attended. Ant specimens pinned under vouchers include Camponotus, Crematogaster, and Azteca .</p><p>Discussion.</p><p>Broomfield (1976) revised this large genus, but many species remain undescribed, including some of the specimens examined here. Nymphs of the genus Amastris Stål are difficult to characterize because some species bear no distinguishing enlarged chalazae or scoli or other features and thus resemble some taxa of other Smiliinae tribes and even other subfamilies.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/23FFC9040E9F4FF773B302F7644B1A6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	McKamey, Stuart H.;Wallner, Adam M.;Porter, Mitchell J.	McKamey, Stuart H., Wallner, Adam M., Porter, Mitchell J. (2015): Immatures of the New World treehopper tribe Amastrini (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae) with a key to genera. ZooKeys 524: 65-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.524.5951, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.524.5951
48697FCEDC0E07771C6D61E27C07432B.text	48697FCEDC0E07771C6D61E27C07432B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bajulata Ball	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Membracidae</p><p>Bajulata Ball Figs 21-22, 50</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>head and thorax without scoli; abdominal terga each with single middorsal, heavily chalazal scolus; head and thorax with paleate setae.</p><p>Nymphal description.</p><p>Overall body. Chalazal setae short; dorsal contour of abdomen in lateral view linear; frons extending over central margin of eye. Head. Without scoli; chalazal setae paleate. Prothorax. Pre- and postmetopidium without scoli; posterior extension of pronotum not surpassing anterior margin of metanotum. Mesothorax. Without dorsal enlarged chalazae or scoli; forewing pad costal margin emarginate; forewing pad chalazae sparse, chalazal setae short, without costal chalazae; lateral rows of abdomen not extending onto meso- and metathorax. Metathorax. Without dorsal enlarged chalazae or scoli. Legs. Prothoracic tibia foliaceus; chalazae of tibia on anterior and posterior lateral margins, absent or very few on dorsal surface. Abdomen. Terga III-VIII ventrolateral margins with row of enlarged chalazae, dorsal scoli all subequal in size, tallest dorsal scolus about 2-4 5 basal width, dorsal scoli consisting of single middorsal projection directed posteriorly, distally appressed to following tergum; tergum IV dorsal scolus distally directed posteriorly; terga III-VIII with 2 lateral rows of enlarged chalazae. Segment IX. Dorsal length subequal to combined length of segments IV-VIII; with paired enlarged chalazae apically; ventral extension subequal to dorsal extension.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Bajulata bajula (Goding), 1 adult, 1 nymph, USA: Tucson, Arizona, April 1942 (USNM).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>United States.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/48697FCEDC0E07771C6D61E27C07432B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	McKamey, Stuart H.;Wallner, Adam M.;Porter, Mitchell J.	McKamey, Stuart H., Wallner, Adam M., Porter, Mitchell J. (2015): Immatures of the New World treehopper tribe Amastrini (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae) with a key to genera. ZooKeys 524: 65-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.524.5951, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.524.5951
50F38548A1BB0909B7528A5552A829CA.text	50F38548A1BB0909B7528A5552A829CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Erosne Stal	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Membracidae</p><p>Erosne Stal Figs 23, 51</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Head and thorax without scoli; posterior extension of pronotum slightly surpassing anterior margin of metanotum; terga III-VIII with paired, short, chalazal scoli of subequal size; body including wing pad densely covered with chalazae bearing short setae.</p><p>Nymphal description.</p><p>Overall body. Chalazal setae short; dorsal contour of abdomen in lateral view curvilinear. Head. Scoli absent; chalazal setae simple, needlelike; Prothorax. Pre- and postmetopidium without scoli; posterior extension of pronotum slightly surpasses anterior margin of metanotum. Mesothorax. With paired cluster of enlarged chalazae dorsally; scoli absent; forewing pad anterior costal margin straight; forewing pad chalazae dense, chalazal setae short; forewing pad costal chalazae only present at base. Metathorax. With paired cluster of enlarged chalazae dorsally; scoli absent. Legs. Chalazae of tibia on anterior and posterior lateral margin and dorsal surface. Abdomen. Terga III-VIII ventrolateral margins with single enlarged chalaza; dorsal scoli all subequal in size, tallest dorsal scoli about 2-4 5 basal width; tergum IV dorsal scoli basally directed dorsally or almost so, distally directed posteriorly; terga III-VIII lateral rows not manifested; tergum III with paired dorsal, apically acute scoli. Segment IX. Dorsal length subequal to combined length of segments V-VIII; dorsally without enlarged chalazae or scoli at apex; ventral extension subequal to dorsal extension.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Erosne sp., 2 adults, 1 exuvia, VENEZUELA: Ed. Merida Lagunillas, 17 July 1984, S.H. McKamey, Coll. (USNM).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil to northern South America.</p><p>Discussion.</p><p>At present, the only feature found to distinguish Erosne nymphs from Amastris is the slightly further posterior extension of the pronotum in Erosne, which is undoudtedly coupled with the more extensive pronotum in the adults. The Erosne species examined is new.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/50F38548A1BB0909B7528A5552A829CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	McKamey, Stuart H.;Wallner, Adam M.;Porter, Mitchell J.	McKamey, Stuart H., Wallner, Adam M., Porter, Mitchell J. (2015): Immatures of the New World treehopper tribe Amastrini (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae) with a key to genera. ZooKeys 524: 65-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.524.5951, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.524.5951
BB48DF1A6887A765D24A9F77FAE923A4.text	BB48DF1A6887A765D24A9F77FAE923A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Harmonides Kirkaldy	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Membracidae</p><p>Harmonides Kirkaldy Figs 24-25, 52-53</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Head and pronotum without scoli; meso- and metanota and terga III-VIII each with short paired scoli; body evenly covered with chalazae with long setae.</p><p>Nymphal description.</p><p>Overall body. Chalazal setae long; dorsal contour of abdomen in lateral view curvilinear; scoli splayed away from each other. Head. Scoli present or absent; scoli, if present, directed dorsad; chalazal setae simple, hairlike. Prothorax. Premetopidium scoli present or absent; premetopidium scoli, if present, directed anteriorly, and about 2-4 5 basal width; postmetopidium scoli absent; posterior extension of pronotum surpasses anterior margin of metanotum. Mesothorax. With paired scoli dorsally; scoli bearing tuberculate chalazae or without chalazae; scoli directed anteriorly or dorsally; forewing pad costal margin straight; forewing pad chalazae sparsly, their setae short; dorsal scoli 2-4 5 basal width; forewing pad without costal chalazae. Metathorax. With paired scoli dorsally, directed dorsally or almost so, 2-4 5 basal width, bearing tuberculate chalazae. Legs. Chalazae of tibia on both lateral margins but with or without chalazae on dorsal surface also. Abdomen. Terga III-VIII ventrolateral margins with single enlarged chalaza or without enlarged chalazae; terga III-VIII dorsal scoli all subequal in size or size decreasing posteriorly, tallest dorsal scoli 2-4 5 basal width; tergum IV dorsal scoli directed dorsally or almost so; terga III-VIII lateral rows not manifested; tergum III with paired apically acute scoli dorsally. Segment IX. Dorsal length subequal to combined length of segments V-VIII or VI-VIII; without dorsal enlarged chalazae or scoli at apex; ventral extension subequal to dorsal extension.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Harmonides reticulata (Fabricius), 2 nymphs, 1 adult, VENEZUELA: Estado Zulia, Dist. Pirija, Tocuco, 28-29 June 1984, S.H. McKamey lot #680. (USNM). Harmonides sp. 1, 1 adult, 1 nymph, PANAMA, Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone,VII-VIII 1942, JasZetel No. 4485 (USNM).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil northward to Mexico.</p><p>Discussion.</p><p>Harmonides reticulata is a common widespread species that SHM has often found in aggretations of adults and nymphs. Harmonides sp. 1 is curious in that it has delicate premetopidial scoli (Fig. 25) and therefore resembles Neotynelia . The two genera differ in the presence, in Neotynelia, of scoli on the head as well.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB48DF1A6887A765D24A9F77FAE923A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	McKamey, Stuart H.;Wallner, Adam M.;Porter, Mitchell J.	McKamey, Stuart H., Wallner, Adam M., Porter, Mitchell J. (2015): Immatures of the New World treehopper tribe Amastrini (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae) with a key to genera. ZooKeys 524: 65-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.524.5951, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.524.5951
39E4EFCFC98ABCA8189C0971AEF4B4C4.text	39E4EFCFC98ABCA8189C0971AEF4B4C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Idioderma Van Duzee	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Membracidae</p><p>Idioderma Van Duzee Figs 26-27, 54</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>Head and thorax without scoli; terga IV-V with paired enlarged chalazae, terga VI-VIII with short paired scoli increasing in size posteriorly.</p><p>Nymphal description.</p><p>Overall body. Chalazal setae short; dorsal contour of abdomen in lateral view linear; scoli parallel. Head. Without scoli; chalazal setae simple, needlelike. Prothorax. Pre- and postmetopidium scoli absent; posterior extension of pronotum not surpassing anterior margin of metanotum. Mesothorax. Without dorsal enlarged chalazae or scoli; forewing pad costal margin straight, without costal chalazae; forewing pad chalazae dense, chalazal setae long. Metathorax. Without dorsal enlarged chalazae or scoli. Legs. Chalazae of tibia on lateral margins and many on dorsal surface. Abdomen. Terga III-VIII ventrolateral margins with single enlarged chalaza; terga IV-VIII dorsal structures increasing in size posteriorly, tallest dorsal scoli about as tall as basal width; tergum IV dorsal scoli directed dorsoposteriorly; terga III-VIII lateral rows not manifested; tergum III without dorsal enlarged chalazae or scoli. Segment IX. Dorsal length subequal to combined length of segments IV-VIII; without dorsal enlarged chalazae or scoli at apex; ventral extension subequal to dorsal extension.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Idioderma virescens Van Duzee, 1 adult, 1 nymph. CUBA, Mi. 8407, VIII-3-59-18112, (USNM); 1 nymph, USA, Florida, Indian River Co., Vero Beach, 31 May 1968, J.S. Haeget, Serenoa repens (Bartram) [saw palmetto, Arecaceae] (USNM).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Bahamas (South Minini Island), Cuba, Jamaica, United States (Florida).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Adults and nymphs of Idioderma virescens aggregate, feed, and develop on Seronoa repens (Bartram) Small (i.e. saw palmetto palm) and Phoenix roebelenii O’Brien (i.e. pygmy date palm) (Kopp and Tsai 1983). This species is often found tended by several species of ants ( Pseudomyrmex brunneus Smith, Componotus floridanus Buckley, and Solenopsis invicta Buren) and may be a vector of lethal yellowing disease of palm. This is a common and widespread species occurring in the Bahamas, West Indies, and the United States (Metcalf and Brunner 1925, Metcalf 1954, Howard et al. 1981, Deitz and Wallace 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/39E4EFCFC98ABCA8189C0971AEF4B4C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	McKamey, Stuart H.;Wallner, Adam M.;Porter, Mitchell J.	McKamey, Stuart H., Wallner, Adam M., Porter, Mitchell J. (2015): Immatures of the New World treehopper tribe Amastrini (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae) with a key to genera. ZooKeys 524: 65-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.524.5951, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.524.5951
961F77F48EB69E423745F47CE609AC38.text	961F77F48EB69E423745F47CE609AC38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotynelia Creao-Duarte & Sakakibara	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Membracidae</p><p>Neotynelia Creao-Duarte &amp; Sakakibara Figs 1, 28, 29-33, 55-60</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Postmetopidium of pronotum, meso- and metanota, and abdominal terga IV-VII (usually III-VIII) each with pair of long scoli; segment IX posteriorly projected further ventrally than dorsally; body with chalazae with short subcylindrical setae; head with large or small scoli.</p><p>Nymphal description.</p><p>Overall body. Chalazal setae short; dorsal contour of abdomen in lateral view curvilinear; scoli splayed away from each other (except scoli parallel in Neotynelia pubescens (Fabricius)). Head. Simple conical scoli present or absent, if present then directed anterad; chalazal setae subcylindrical. Prothorax. Premetopidium scoli present, directed anteriorly; postmetopidium scoli present, directed dorsally; posterior extension of pronotum not surpassing anterior margin of metanotum. Mesothorax. With paired dorsal scoli, directed dorsally or almost so, bearing tuberculate chalazae; forewing pad costal margin straight, without chalazae (except present on base of costal margin in Neotynelia sp. 4); forewing pad surface chalazae sparse with short setae; dorsal scoli usually at least 5 5 basal width, rarely 2-4 5 basal width. Metathorax. Usually with paired scoli dorsally, directed anteriorly, up to 5 5 basal width, bearing tuberculate chalazae. Legs. Chalazae of tibia on anterior and posterior lateral margins, absent or very few on dorsal surface. Abdomen. Terga III-VIII ventrolateral margins with or without single enlarged chalaza; terga IV-VII, and usually III and VIII, with dorsal scoli domen, very unequal in size, but not clinally, tallest dorsal scoli about 5 5 basal width, apically acute; tergum IV scoli basally directed dorsally or almost so, distally directed posteriorly; terga III-VIII lateral rows not manifested. Segment IX. Dorsal length subequal to combined length of segments V-VIII; apex with paired enlarged chalazae dorsally; ventral extension distinctly greater than dorsal extension.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Neotynelia nigra (Funkhouser), 1 adult, 2 nymphs, ECUADOR; Napo. Finca, San Jorge, ca.10 air, km E Coca, on Rio Napo. 7-10 March 1986, S.H. McKamey lot#86-0310-4, lot#86-0310-16 (USNM); Neotynelia pubescens, 1 adult, 1 nymph, GUYANA: Rupunini, Karanambu, 69 air, km NE Lethem, 100m. 24-26 July, 1987 S.H. McKamey lot#87-95a (USNM); Neotynelia sp. 1, 1 nymph (unassociated), GUYANA: Demerara, Co., Kairuni Crk., Georgetown-Linden Hwy, ca km80, ca 50m, 12 August 1987, S.H. McKamey lot#87-1746 (USNM); Neotynelia sp. 2, 1 nymph (unassociated) ECUADOR: Napo, Garzacocha, 68 air km E Coca. 13-17, March 1986. ca 210m, S.H. McKamey #86-0316 (USNM); Neotynelia sp. 3, 1 nymph (unassociated), ECUADOR: Napo 2.5 rd km E Lumbaqui, 20 January 1986. 540m, S.H. McKamey lot#86-0120-29 (USNM); Neotynelia sp. 4, 1 nymph (unassociated), BRAZIL: Amazonas, Parana do Xiboreninho, 03°15'-06° 00'W, 5 August 1979 (USNM).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil and Peru northward to Mexico.</p><p>Discussion.</p><p>Contrary to the majority of Neotynelia species examined in this study, Neotynelia sp. 1 has sparse to almost absent chalazae covering its entire body.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/961F77F48EB69E423745F47CE609AC38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	McKamey, Stuart H.;Wallner, Adam M.;Porter, Mitchell J.	McKamey, Stuart H., Wallner, Adam M., Porter, Mitchell J. (2015): Immatures of the New World treehopper tribe Amastrini (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae) with a key to genera. ZooKeys 524: 65-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.524.5951, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.524.5951
6F5FD0D03E45F7E7F1ADCF237F0526C2.text	6F5FD0D03E45F7E7F1ADCF237F0526C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tynelia Stal	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Membracidae</p><p>Tynelia Stal Fig. 34</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>Postmetopidium of pronotum, meso- and metanota, and abdominal terga III-VIII each with pair of long scoli; sternum IX posteriorly projected no further ventrally than dorsally; body with chalazae with hairlike long setae.</p><p>Nymphal description.</p><p>Overall body. Chalazal setae long; dorsal contour of abdomen in lateral view curvilinear; scoli splayed away from each other. Head. Simple conical scoli present, directed anterally; chalazal setae hairlike. Prothorax. Premetopidium scoli present, directed dorsoanteriorly; postmetopidium scoli present, directed dorsally; posterior extension of pronotum not surpassing anterior margin of metanotum. Mesothorax. With paired scoli dorsally, directed dorsally or almost so, bearing tuberculate chalazae; forewing pad costal margin straight; forewing pad chalazae sparse, chalazal setae long, without costal chalazae; dorsal scoli 2-4 5 basal width; condition of lateral rows undetermined. Metathorax. With paired scoli dorsally, directed dorsoanteriorly, length 2-4 5 basal width, bearing tuberculate chalazae. Legs. Chalazae of tibia on anterior and posterior lateral margins, absent or very few on dorsal surface. Abdomen. Terga III-VIII ventrolateral marginal condition undetermined; terga III-VIII with paired dorsal scoli, unequal in size, but not clinally; terga III-VIII tallest dorsal scoli 2-4 5 basal width, apically acute; tergum IV dorsal scoli directed dorsally or almost so; terga III-VIII with lateral rows. Segment IX. Dorsal length subequal to combined length of segments V-VIII; apex with paired enlarged chalazae dorsally; ventral extension subequal to dorsal extension.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Tynelia godoyae Creão-Duarte &amp; Sakakibara, images of 3 nymphs, 1 adult, COLOMBIA. Antioquia. Remedios, vereda La Cruz, finca La Brillantina, N 6.8840833 W 74.5713056, 500m, rastrojo manual, abr-2014, C. Flórez (Camilo Flórez collection).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil, Peru, and Colombia.</p><p>Discussion.</p><p>This voucher material represents a new country record for both the genus and species. Tynelia most closely resembles Neotynelia, but differs in having long chalazal setae and in lacking the extended ventral apex of abdominal segment IX.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F5FD0D03E45F7E7F1ADCF237F0526C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	McKamey, Stuart H.;Wallner, Adam M.;Porter, Mitchell J.	McKamey, Stuart H., Wallner, Adam M., Porter, Mitchell J. (2015): Immatures of the New World treehopper tribe Amastrini (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae) with a key to genera. ZooKeys 524: 65-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.524.5951, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.524.5951
A63C8255F86F9D0055C3AAE7067A8CBB.text	A63C8255F86F9D0055C3AAE7067A8CBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanduzea Goding	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Membracidae</p><p>Vanduzea Goding Figs 35-37, 38-41, 61-64</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>Head and thorax without scoli; meso and metanota with enlarged cluster of chalazae (Fig. 40), terga III-VIII each with pair of short, densely chalazal scoli (Fig. 41).</p><p>Nymphal description.</p><p>Overall body. Chalazal setae long; dorsal contour of abdomen in lateral view curvilinear; scoli parallel. Head. Scoli absent; chalazal setae simple, hairlike. Prothorax. Without pre- or postmetopidium scoli; posterior extension of pronotum surpassing anterior but no posterior margin of metanotum. Mesothorax. With paired cluster of enlarged chalazae dorsally; scoli absent; forewing pad costal margin straight, without costal chalazae; forewing pad densely covered with chalazae, chalazal setae long. Metathorax. With paired cluster of enlarged chalazae dorsally. Legs. Chalazae of tibia on lateral margins and many on dorsal surface. Abdomen. Terga III-VIII ventrolateral margins without enlarged chalazae; terga III-VIII dorsal scoli all subequal in size, tallest dorsal scoli 2-4 5 basal width; tergum IV dorsal scoli directed dorsally; terga III-VIII lateral rows not manifested; tergum III with paired apically acute scoli dorsally. Segment IX. Dorsal length subequal to combined length of remaining visible abdominal terga or at least V-VIII; without dorsal enlarged chalazae or scoli at apex; ventral extension subequal to dorsal extension.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Vanduzea arquata Say, 1 adult, 1 nymph, USA: Maryland, Frederick County, Frederick, 2 August 1994, M.J. Rothschild, near Linden, Virginia, March 28, 1922 (USNM), 1 nymph, 1 adult, USA: North Carolina, Wake Co., Raleigh, 8 Aug 1986, S.H. McKamey lot #86-0808-2 (USNM), Robinia pseudoacacia L., Fabaceae; Vanduzea laeta Goding, 1 adult, 4 nymphs, USA: Tuscon, Arizona, 5-12-29 E.D. Ball (USNM); Vanduzea nolina Ball, 1 adult, 1 nymph, Nogales, E.D. Ball, Ar., 8-14-35, 7-30-37 (USNM); Vanduzea segmentata Fowler, 1 adult, 1 nymph, USA: Brownsville, Texas, 5-3-38, Los Angles Co., California (USNM); Vanduzea triguttata (Burmeister), 1 adult, 1 nymph, USA: Tucson, Arizona, June 16, 1933, P.W. Oman, (USNM). Vanduzea sp. 1, 1 adult, 1 nymph, ECUADOR (USNM).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Northern South America northward to Canada, Hawaii.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Similar to other Amastrini genera, Vanduzea aggregate on their host plants and some species, for example Vanduzea arquata (Funkhouser, 1915), are tended by Formica ants (Funkhouser 1915, Fritz 1983, Crocroft 2003). These treehoppers feed on herbaceous and woody dicot hosts, such as Albizia julibrisson, Citrus sp., Melilotus alba, Bidens alba, Eupetorium capillofolium, Lespedeza sp., Quercus sp., and Robinia pseudoacacia (Kopp and Yonke 1973 c, Dietrich et al. 1999). Vanduzea is a common and widespread genus in the Nearctic, Neotropics, West Indies, and has been introduced to the Hawaiian Islands (Deitz and Wallace 2012). SHM has observed them in Hawaii tended by ants, which are also introduced.</p><p>Discussion.</p><p>The nymph of Vanduzea laeta has unequal but not posteriorly increasing or decreasing sizes of abdominal scoli with greatly elongate scoli on terga IV and V (Fig. 36). In contrast, Vanduzea laeta nolina has abdominal scoli that are subequal in length and all short (Fig. 37), so the latter is here elevated to specific status.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A63C8255F86F9D0055C3AAE7067A8CBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	McKamey, Stuart H.;Wallner, Adam M.;Porter, Mitchell J.	McKamey, Stuart H., Wallner, Adam M., Porter, Mitchell J. (2015): Immatures of the New World treehopper tribe Amastrini (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae) with a key to genera. ZooKeys 524: 65-87, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.524.5951, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.524.5951
