taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F987A5436C0E1432DDFA40FB87FD2B.taxon	description	(Figs 4, 15 A)	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5436C0E1432DDFA40FB87FD2B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The female of N. dubia differs from those of other species by having two transverse bare areas without setae in the middle of the dorsal connexivum, sternum II deeply emarginate and epiproct with anterolateral setae longer and thicker than posterior setae. The male differs from those of other species by the sternite II tumescent medially, sternite VI twisted on its axis, a curved gonopod after distal macrosetae and lacking a thorn-like membranous projection and a sclerotized thorn on the dorsal margin of the aedeagus.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5436C0E1432DDFA40FB87FD2B.taxon	description	Redescription. Measurements (mm; n = 8, 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀): HFL: ♂ 0.49 (0.47 – 0.51), ♀ 0.60 (0.58 – 0.62); SL: ♂ 0.51 (0.50 – 0.52), ♀ 0.57 (0.56 – 0.58); TL: ♂ 0.50 (0.49 – 0.51), ♀ 0.54 (0.53 – 0.55); WL: ♂ 0.33 (0.30 – 0.36), ♀ 0.34 (0.33 – 0.37); WW: ♂ 0.21 (0.20 – 0.22), ♀ 0.22 (0.20 – 0.22). Thorax. Mesepimeron with 1 – 2 setae on each plate. Wings with 2 – 4 setae on median vein. Metasternum with metasternal lobe strongly emarginate; distance between coxal condyle III and metasternal lobe apex twice as wide as the width of metasternal lobe emargination. Female abdomen. Syntergite I + II with 30 – 38 setae on each plate of lateral lobe; inner lateral margin longer than wide, 2 – 3 times longer than anterior lobe, and moderately inclined. Dorsal connexivum with spiracle III on abdominal fold; cluster of setae around spiracle III with setae anterior to spiracle III as longer and thicker as setae posterior to spiracle III, with 2 – 3 setae posterior to spiracle III longer than setae anterior to spiracle III but not twice the length, and with the longest setae shorter than the longest setae on syntergite I + II but longer than half their length; longitudinal sideband not extending beyond outer lateral margin of spiracle, with the longest setae close to inner margin of spiracle and half the length of longest setae on cluster of setae around spiracle III and twice as long as setae on median dorsal connexivum; dense cover of setae from spiracle III to spiracle IV on median dorsal connexivum; one row of setae posterior to spiracle V between two bare areas on median dorsal connexivum, and one row of setae posterior to spiracle VI with 2 – 3 pairs of setae longer than longest setae on dense cover of setae of median dorsal connexivum. Tergite VII (Fig. 4 B) with a conspicuous lobe on posterior margin; wider than epiproct but not twice the width, and at most twice as long as epiproct; inner lateral margin as long as lateral margin of epiproct; with 4 – 5 setae on each plate. Sternite II (Fig. 4 A) with discal row of 4 – 8 setae; posterior margin strongly emarginate, and the longest lateral setae twice as long as the shortest median setae. Sternite VII with 7 – 9 setae on each plate. Epiproct with two pairs of anterior setae, anterolateral pair thicker than and as long as posterior setae, and anteromedial pair 1 / 2 – 1 / 3 the length of anterolateral pair. Male abdomen. Syntergite I + II (Fig. 4 D) with 43 – 52 setae on each plate of lateral lobe; inner lateral margin moderately concave, wider than long, and of similar length as anterior lobe. Ventral connexivum with segmental setae longer and thicker than other ventral setae but not twice the length. Sternite II (Fig. 4 C) tumescent at middle, as triangular protuberance, with cover of spiniform setae and row of setae on each side of protuberance; with spiniform median setae, thicker and shorter than lateral setae on posterior margin. Hypopygium (Fig. 4 D) with setae on ventral margin as longer and thicker as setae around dorsal macrosetae of hypopygium but shorter than dorsal macrosetae of hypopygium; sternite VI as longer and wider as cercus, moderately to strongly curved, and distal half strongly twisted on its axis. Genitalia (Fig. 4 E) with gonopod slightly curved after distal macroseta, distal half moderately tapered and asymmetric at apex, with the distance between the distal setae and the apex of gonopod twice or more than twice the distance between the distal setae and the dorsal margin of gonopod, but less than 2.5 times that distance; dorsal margin of aedeagus without a thorn-like membranous projection and sclerotized thorn.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5436C0E1432DDFA40FB87FD2B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil (Amazonas), Colombia, Venezuela (Fig. 15 A).	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5436C0E1432DDFA40FB87FD2B.taxon	biology_ecology	Host. Noctilio leporinus	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5436C0E1432DDFA40FB87FD2B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. Lipoptena dubia (Figs 4 F – G). LECTOTYPE ♂ [on slide] (ZMUH), here designated: Venezuela: “ Holotype ” [red label], “ Lipoptena / dubia / Rudow ” [white label with blue border], “ Noctilio / dorsatus / Wenezuela ” [white label with blue border], “ Aspidoptera / megastigma / Speis. / Dr. Speiser / determ. 25. II. 1902 ” [front of white label], “ Types ♂, ♀ / fide RL Wenzel / “ Ectoparasites of Panama ”, p. 564 / ♂ terminalia / mounted / separately ” [back of white label], “ Noctiliostrebla dubia (Rudow) / ♂, ♀ Syntypen von Lipoptena dubia / Rudow von Noctilio dorsatus / (= N. leporinus), Venezuela / Rudow 1871, S. 122 / 1872, S. 407 / Speiser 1902, S. 159 – 160: Paradyschiti / dubia Speiser 1900, error / Wenzel, Tipton, Kiewlicz 1966, S. 563 – / 564: Noctiliostrebla dubia (R.) ” [blue cardboard]. PARALECTOTYPE (1 ♀) [on same slide as lectotype] (ZMUH): same data as lectotype. Lepopteryx megastigma. LECTOTYPE ♀ [in a vial with glycerin] (ZMHU): Unknown locality: “ Typus ” [red label], “ Noctilio / dorsatus ” [white label], “ Coll. / H. Loew ” [white label], “ LECTO-HOLOTYPE / of megastigma / Speis. [= dubia / Rudow] ♀ / T. C. Maa 1962 ” [white label], “ LECTOHOLOTYPE / of megastigma / Speiser (= dubia / Rudow) ♀ = / small female / without head. / R. Wenzel 1976 / ♂ = dubia / Larger ♀ = / Noctiliostrebla / traubi Wenzel ” [white label]. PARALECTOTYPES (1 ♂, 1 ♀) [in same vial as lectotype; female belongs to N. traubi] (ZMHU): same data as lectotype. Additional material examined. Brazil: 1 ♂, Amazonas, Beruri, Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Igapó – Açu, igapó vegetation along Preto river, 4 ° 40 ’ 53.45 ” S, 61 ° 21 ’ 51.54 ” W, 24. viii. 2013, R. Marciente & J. F. T. Andes Jr. leg., on N. leporinus (MZSP). Colombia: 6 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Meta, El Parque Macarena, junction of Duda and Guayabero rivers, 20. xi. 1976, T. O. Lemke leg., on N. leporinus (FMNH). Venezuela: 1 ♂, Amazonas, Boca Mavaca, 84 km SSE Esmeralda, 7 km up Mavaca river, 138 m, tropical rainforest, 2. iii. 1967, M. D. Tuttle & F. L. Harder leg., on N. leporinus (FMNH). Taxonomic remarks. An excellent review of the problems involving N. dubia can be found in Wenzel et al. (1966) and Wenzel (1976), and does not need to be repeated here. Below we provide only an overview and comments on the contributions that have dealt with the taxonomic status of the name. Rudow (1871) described Lipoptena dubia based on bat flies collected on Noctilio leporinus (as “ N. dorsatus ”) in Venezuela. In his brief description, the author did not designate a holotype and did not mention the number of specimens he had examined. Even though Rudow allocated the species within a hippoboscid genus, he made it clear that the species could have been described in a new genus since it is so different from the other species of Lipoptena Nitzsch. Unaware of Rudow’s (1871) contribution, Speiser (1900 a) described Lepopteryx megastigma based on five specimens. He also did not designate a holotype, but his species description was more detailed than Rudow’s. Later, Speiser (1900 b) transferred L. megastigma to Aspidoptera. After learning about Rudow’s work, Speiser (1902) examined the syntypes of L. dubia and declared that the series contained three specimens of Aspidoptera megastigma and one specimen of Paradyschiria fusca Speiser, 1900 a. Speiser believed that the description of L. dubia was based on the specimen of P. fusca, and wrote “ Rudow hat also zunächst das Exemplar von Paradyschiria fusca m. beschrieben, allerdings stellenweise mit Berücksichtigung des andern Stücks, und daun nachträglich eine Bemerkung über dies andere Stück angefügt, welches zu Aspidoptera megastigma m. gehört. Wenn nun auch unter dem Namen Lipoptena dubia zwei verschiedene Species subsumiert sind, muss er doch möglichst der einen erhalten werden, und dies kann nach den vorhergehenden Ausführungen wohl nur Paradyschiria fusca m. sein. Dieser gebührt also nunmehr der Name Paradyschiria dubia Rudow. ” (Speiser 1902: 160). Because of this, Speiser transferred dubia to the genus Paradyschiria. As part of a revision of Streblidae, Wenzel et al. (1966) examined a slide containing two of Rudow’s type specimens, one male and one female. Since the slide was mounted dry, the authors had to remount it. Both specimens were in poor condition: the abdomen of the female was telescoped and could not be restored, while the male abdomen was damaged during Wenzel’s attempt to dissect it. According to Wenzel et al. (1966), it was clear that Rudow’s description was not based on a specimen of P. fusca. Furthermore, in 1962, T. C. Maa informed Wenzel (see Wenzel et al. 1966: 564) that he had examined Rudow’s and Speiser’s syntypes, and that the species dubia and megastigma were actually synonymous. As Wenzel did not examine the type series of L. megastigma, he erected Noctiliostrebla, transferred dubia and megastigma to the new genus and kept the names as valid until the type series of L. megastigma could be examined. In 1976, Wenzel was able to examine three of the five syntypes of Lepopteryx megastigma, two females and one male. He concluded that one female and the male were clearly representatives of dubia (but see our comment, below, on the identity of these specimens), while the other female belonged to N. traubi. According to Wenzel (1976), Dr. Maa had designated a female identified as N. dubia as the lectotype of L. megastigma by placing a lectotype label with the material. However, the designation was never published. Wenzel (1976) therefore synonymized L. megastigma with L. dubia, and formalized Dr. Maa’s “ designation ”. During the present revision, we examined the slide containing the two syntypes of L. dubia (images sent by Drs. Kai Schütte and Frank Wieland, ZMUH). In view of the poor condition of the material, we could not see some of the diagnostic characters, but we observed at least three important characteristics that we deem sufficient to identify these syntypes as N. dubia: the deeply emarginate female sternum II, the curvature of the gonopod posterior to the distal macrosetae, and the absence on the dorsal margin of the aedeagus of both a thorn-like membranous projection and a sclerotized thorn. Based on our observations, the male syntype is designated herein as the lectotype of L. dubia. We also examined the type series of L. megastigma, the same three specimens studied by Wenzel (1976). They are in extremely poor condition. The lectotype’s head is missing, its thorax is heavily damaged, and its abdomen is collapsed. It is not possible to observe most of the features, except for the strongly emarginate sternum II. Unfortunately, we cannot be sure of the identity of the lectotype in view of the great similarity between females of N. dubia and N. falsispina sp. n. Only males of these two species can be separated, by examining the aedeagus. The female paralectotype is clearly N. traubi given that it has a moderately emarginate sternite II. The male paralectotype, considered by Wenzel (1976) as belonging to N. dubia, has sternite VI similar to that of N. traubi, but sternite II is not arched and with a pseudoctenidium, as it is in N. traubi. We opted not to dissect the male genitalia due to the poor condition of the specimen. Despite the fact that we have doubts about the identity of L. megastigma, we maintain its synonymy with L. dubia. Regarding the description of L. dubia by Rudow (1871), we agree with Wenzel et al. (1966) that there are no references to Paradyschiria. The reference to wing rudiments can be associated only to Noctiliostrebla, as Paradyschiria is apterous. Rudow’s descriptive section on the episternal and notopleural sutures, also cited by Wenzel et al. (1966), clearly refers to Noctiliostrebla. Therefore, N. dubia is considered valid and megastigma is kept as a junior synonym of dubia. Other remarks. In the second paragraph of his comments on N. dubia, Wenzel (1976: 113) defined N. dubia and N. traubi as having a “ dorsal subapical thorn-like spine on the aedeagus ”. However, we think that this comment was made in error, based on the original description and illustration of the genitalia of N. traubi, and on the keys to species provided by Wenzel et al. (1966) and Wenzel (1976). In the description of N. traubi it is clear that the species lacks a dorsal subapical spine on the aedeagus. Noctiliostrebla dubia has been recorded from Bolivia and Peru (Guerrero 1995; Dick et al. 2007), but we have not examined material of this species from these countries. However, we believe that at least some of the Bolivian specimens previously identified as N. dubia may in fact belong to N. falsispina sp. n., since some areas in Bolivia are close to the distributional range of N. falsispina sp. n. Although Guerrero’s (1995) diagnosis of N. dubia was based on material from Bolivia and Peru, the diagnosis clearly pertains to N. dubia, since the male does not have any structure on the dorsal margin of the aedeagus. However, it is important to add that the main structure used to separate N. dubia from N. falsispina sp. n. is being discussed for the first time in the present work (the thorn-like membranous projection on the dorsal margin of the aedeagus). Even if the material examined by Guerrero (1995) contained specimens of N. falsispina sp. n., it would be difficult to expect that this structure would be included in his diagnosis.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543680E1632DDFC9BFE03FDBB.taxon	description	(Figs 5, 15 B)	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543680E1632DDFC9BFE03FDBB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The female of N. traubi is distinguished from females of other species by epiproct with anterolateral pair of setae thicker than posterior setae, anteromedial pair of setae lacking, sternite II moderately emarginate and inner lateral margin of tergite VII shorter than lateral margin of epiproct. The male presents sternite II strongly arched and with median setae on posterior margin forming a pseudoctenidium, gonopod strongly curved before distal macroseta and with distal half strongly tapered.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543680E1632DDFC9BFE03FDBB.taxon	description	Redescription. Measurements (mm; n = 20, 12 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀): HFL: ♂ 0.45 (0.43 – 0.46), ♀ 0.57 (0.54 – 0.59); ST: ♂ 0.49 (0.47 – 0.51), ♀ 0.57 (0.55 – 0.60); TL: ♂ 0.45 (0.43 – 0.47), ♀ 0.49 (0.48 – 0.52); WL: ♂ 0.28 (0.24 – 0.32), ♀ 0.3 (0.28 – 0.35); WW: ♂ 0.16 (0.15 – 0.17), ♀ 0.17 (0.15 – 0.20). Thorax. Mesepimeron with one seta on each side. Wing with 0 – 1 setae on median vein. Metasternum (Fig. 5 B) with metasternal lobe moderately emarginate; distance between coxal condyle III and metasternal lobe apex three times as wide as width of metasternal lobe emargination. Female abdomen. Syntergite I + II (Fig. 5 A) with lateral lobe with 21 – 31 setae on each plate; inner lateral margin like in N. dubia, but slightly inclined, with setae throughout. Dorsal connexivum (Fig. 5 A) with cluster of setae around spiracle III, with setae anterior to spiracle III at most twice as long as setae posterior to spiracle III, and longest setae half as long as longest setae on syntergite I + II; longitudinal sideband as in N. dubia. but with two rows of setae, setae 1 \ 3 the length of the longest setae on cluster of setae around spiracle III, as long as and at most twice as thick as setae on median dorsal connexivum; lateral pair of setae between each spiracle VI shorter but more than half as long as longest setae on cluster of setae around spiracle III, and median pair of setae between each spiracle VI longer than longest setae on longitudinal sideband but not twice their length. Tergite VII (Fig. 5 A, C) strongly inclined and with a conspicuous lobe on posterior margin; longer than epiproct but not twice its length; inner lateral margin shorter than lateral margin of epiproct; 4 – 6 setae on each plate. Sternite II (Fig. 5 B) resembles that of N. dubia, but moderately emarginate on posterior margin. Sternite VII with 7 – 11 setae on each plate. Epiproct (Fig. 5 A, C) like in N. dubia, except as follows: anteromedial pair of setae absent, anterolateral pair of setae half as long as posterior setae. Male abdomen. Syntergite I + II with 27 – 43 setae on each plate of lateral lobe; inner lateral margin similar to that of female. Ventral connexivum like in N. dubia. Sternite II (Fig. 5 D) with posterior margin strongly arched; median setae on posterior margin forming a pseudoctenidium, at most twice as long as smallest lateral setae on posterior margin. Hypopygium (Fig. 5 E) with setae on ventral margin like in N. dubia; sternite VI twice as long as cercus, strongly elongated and inclined on posterior margin. Genitalia (Fig. 5 F – H) with gonopod strongly curved before distal macroseta (angle of 90 °), distal half strongly tapered and acuminate at apex, and distance between distal setae and apex of gonopod less than or equal to 1.5 times distance between distal setae and dorsal margin of gonopod; aedeagus similar to that of N. dubia.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543680E1632DDFC9BFE03FDBB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Panama, Venezuela (Fig. 15 B).	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543680E1632DDFC9BFE03FDBB.taxon	biology_ecology	Host. Noctilio leporinus.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543680E1632DDFC9BFE03FDBB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂: Panama: “ FIELD MUSEUM OF NAT. HIST. / Streblidae / PANAMA: Canal Zone; Fort / Sherman, Cativo trees / 2 December 1959 / C. M. Keenan & V. J. Tipton leg. / HOLOTYPE [♂] / Noctiliostrebla traubi / Wenzel ”, ““ Ectoparasites of Panama ” / Page 566 / Host: Noctilio leporinus mexicanus / Tipton-Handley # 5113 ”, on slide (FMNH). PARATYPES (1 ♂, 2 ♀♀): Panama: 1 ♀, same data as holotype (FMNH); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Darién, Tuira river, 5. iii. 1958, on N. leporinus, P. Galindo leg. (MZSP). Additional material examined. Costa Rica: 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Alajuela, Upala, San José de Upala, large pond S of plaza, 10 ° 57 ’ N, 85 ° 07 ’ 48 ” W, 20. iv. 1988, R. Aguilar leg., on N. leporinus (FMNH). Ecuador: 4 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, El Oro, Arenillas, military reserve, Palmales, 03 ° 40 ’ 27.48 ” S, 80 ° 06 ’ 20.16 ” W, 16. vii. 2004, C. W. Dick leg., on N. leporinus (FMNH). Honduras: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Olancho, 4 km E Catacamas, Escuela de Sembrador, 14 ° 48 ’ 32 ” N, 85 ° 50 ’ 34.1 ” W, 19. vii. 2001, C. W. Dick leg., on N. leporinus (FMNH). Panama: 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Brincanco, 23. ii. 1996, J. Juste leg., on N. leporinus (FMNH). Venezuela: 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Yaracuy, Urama, 10 km NW Urama, El Central, 25 m, tropical dry forest, 09. iii. 1966, A. L. Tuttle & M. D. Tuttle leg., on N. leporinus (FMNH); 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, same data as previous except 13. iii. 1966 (FMNH); 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Zulia, El Rosario, 42 km WNW Encontrados, 24 m, tropical rainforest, 28. iii. 1968, A. L. Tuttle leg., on N. leporinus (FMNH); 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Zulia, near Cerro Azul, 33 km NW La Paz, 75 m, tropical dry forest, 15. vi. 1968, N. E. Peterson & J. Matson leg., on N. leporinus (FMNH).	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543680E1632DDFC9BFE03FDBB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Wenzel et al. (1966) mentioned that some specimens received from Cuba, and which are similar to N. traubi, could represent a new species. Unfortunately, we were not able to examine specimens from this region to confirm or to refute that.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5436A0E0832DDFD79FBAEFDC3.taxon	description	(Figs 3 C, 6, 15 C)	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5436A0E0832DDFD79FBAEFDC3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Noctiliostrebla maai is the smallest species of Noctiliostrebla. There are few diagnostic characters that can be used to confidently identify the female, but one is very reliable: the setae on the longitudinal sideband are of the same length as the setae on the median dorsal connexivum. The male is easily identified by the reduced sternite VI.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5436A0E0832DDFD79FBAEFDC3.taxon	description	Redescription. Measurements (mm, n = 20, 9 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀). HFL: ♂ 0.41 (0.39 – 0.43), ♀ 0.46 (0.44 – 0.48); SL: ♂ 0.48 (0.47 – 0.49), ♀ 0.52 (0.49 – 0.55); TL: ♂ 0.43 (0.42 – 0.44), ♀ 0.46 (0.44 – 0.49); WL: ♂ 0.26 (0.23 – 0.28), ♀ 0.26 (0.22 – 0.29); WW: ♂ 0.13 (0.11 – 0.15), ♀ 0.14 (0.12 – 0.15). Thorax. Mesepimeron with one seta on each side. Wing with 0 – 2 setae on median vein. Metasternum (Fig. 6 B) with metasternal lobe slightly emarginate; distance between coxal condyle III and metasternal lobe apex 4 – 5 times wider than width of metasternal lobe emargination. Female abdomen. Syntergite I + II (Fig. 6 A) with 16 – 28 setae on each plate of lateral lobe; inner lateral margin strongly inclined or concave, wider than long, and of similar length as anterior lobe. Dorsal connexivum (Fig. 6 A) resembling that of N. traubi except as follows: cluster of setae around spiracle III with longest setae 1 / 2 – 1 / 3 the length of longest setae on syntergite I + II; longitudinal sideband with 2 – 3 rows of setae, setae half the length of longest setae of cluster of setae around spiracle III; one seta near the inner side of spiracle V, twice as long as longest setae on longitudinal sideband; lateral pair of setae between each spiracle VI as long as longest setae of cluster of setae around spiracle III, and median pair of setae between each spiracle VI as long as setae near inner side of spiracle V. Tergite VII (Fig. 6 A, C) with short lobe on posterior margin; longer and wider than epiproct, at most twice the length but not twice the width; inner lateral margin at most twice as long as lateral margin of epiproct; 4 – 5 setae on each plate. Sternite II (Fig. 6 B) with two rows of setae on discal area; posterior margin straight or slightly arched, and longest lateral setae at most twice as long as shortest median setae. Sternite VII with 8 – 11 setae on each plate. Epiproct (Fig. 6 A, C) with anteromedial pair of setae as long as anterolateral pair and 1 / 4 the length of posterior setae. Male abdomen. Syntergite I + II with 25 – 35 setae on each plate of lateral lobe; inner lateral margin as in female. Ventral connexivum like in N. dubia, except segmental setae less easy to see. Sternite II (Fig. 6 D) as in female. Hypopygium (Fig. 6 E) like in N. dubia except as follows: sternite VI strongly reduced, pointed, and 1 / 3 the length of cercus. Genitalia (Figs 3 C, 6 F – H) with gonopod moderately curved before distal macrosetae, dorsal margin convex near apex, and with distance between distal setae and apex of gonopod more than twice and less than 2.5 times distance between distal setae and dorsal margin of gonopod; dorsal margin of aedeagus with a thorn-like membranous projection and sclerotized thorn.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5436A0E0832DDFD79FBAEFDC3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Colombia, Panama, Venezuela (Fig. 15 C).	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5436A0E0832DDFD79FBAEFDC3.taxon	biology_ecology	Host. Noctilio albiventris.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5436A0E0832DDFD79FBAEFDC3.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂: Panama: “ GORGAS MEM. LABORATORY / Streblidae / PANAMA: Darién; Rio Tuira / 2 march 1958 / Pedro Galindo leg. / HOLOTYPE [♂] / Noctiliostrebla maai / Wenzel ”, ““ Ectoparasites of Panama ” / Page 570 / Host: Noctilio l. labialis / Tipton-Handley # 6376 / G. M. L. # 64 ”, on slide (FMNH). PARATYPE (1 ♂): Panama: same data as holotype except 2 / iii / 1958 (MZSP). Additional material examined. Colombia: 1 ♀, Chocó, Golfo de Urabá, Unquia, 8 – 11. iii. 1950, P. Hershkovitz leg., on N. albiventris (FMNH). Venezuela: 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Falcon, Boca de Yaracuy, 28 km WNW de Pto. Cabello, 2 m, tropical dry forest, 27. ix. 1965, A. L. Tuttle & M. D. Tuttle leg., on N. albiventris (FMNH); 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Apure, Hato Cariben, 32 km NE de Pto. Paez, La Villa, 76 m, tropical dry forest, 24. xii. 1965, A. L. Tuttle & M. D. Tuttle leg., on N. albiventris (FMNH); 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Amazonas, 163 km ESSE de Pto. Ayacucho, Manipiare river, 155 m, 20. vii. 1967, M. D. Tuttle & F. L. Harder leg., on N. albiventris (FMNH); 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Monagas, Mata De Bejuco, 55 km SSE de Maturin, 18 m, tropical dry forest, 04. vi. 1968, A. L. Tuttle & M. D. Tuttle leg., on N. albiventris (FMNH).	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5436A0E0832DDFD79FBAEFDC3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The diagnosis of the males of this species, provided by Guerrero (1995), is not consistent with N. maai. The male of N. maai is the only in Noctiliostrebla that has a reduced and narrow sternite VI, which stands in contrast with Guerrero’s description of this structure as “ muy prominent abultado [= very voluminous and wide] ”. Guerrero’s (1995) diagnosis of the female, however, is consistent with that of females of N. maai. Since N. maai was the only known Noctiliostrebla species parasitizing Noctilio albiventris, all specimens of Noctiliostrebla collected on that host after its description have been identified as N. maai. Guerrero (1995) based his species diagnosis on samples from various localities. Among these, only Venezuela was confirmed as N. maai in this study. It is probable that records from other countries (Bolivia, Brazil and Peru) are misidentifications. Schad et al. (2012) identified specimens collected on the Panamanian bat species Noctilio albiventris as Noctiliostrebla aitkeni. In the present study, N. maai was the only species recorded on N. albiventris in Panama, a result also obtained by Wenzel et al. (1966). We were not able to examine the material of Schad et al. (2012).	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543740E0A32DDFDB3FEB8FD17.taxon	description	(Figs 7, 15 D)	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543740E0A32DDFDB3FEB8FD17.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The female has a characteristic longitudinal sideband of setae, with 2 – 3 rows of setae longer and thicker than those on the median dorsal connexivum and placed on the inner side of spiracle IV – VII. Sternite VII of females is less than twice the length of the epiproct, a character state that separates N. aitkeni from other Noctiliostrebla species parasitizing Noctilio leporinus. The male is very similar to N. guerreroi sp. n., N. lamasi sp. n., N. morena sp. n. and N. caissara sp. n., but sternite VI and the gonopod with a subacuminate apex separate it from these species of Noctiliostrebla.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543740E0A32DDFDB3FEB8FD17.taxon	description	Redescription. Measurements (mm, n = 25, 11 ♂♂, 14 ♀♀). HFL: ♂ 0.44 (0.41 – 0.46), ♀ 0.51 (0.49 – 0.53); SL: ♂ 0.50 (0.43 – 0.53), ♀ 0.57 (0.53 – 0.60); TL: ♂ 0.46 (0.39 – 0.48), ♀ 0.51 (0.47 – 0.55); WL: ♂ 0.29 (0.26 – 0.32), ♀ 0.33 (0.30 – 0.37); WW: ♂ 0.16 (0.15 – 0.18), ♀ 0.19 (0.16 – 0.21). Thorax. Mesepimeron with 1 – 2 setae on each side. Wing with 0 – 3 setae on median vein. Metasternum (Fig. 7 B) like in N. maai. Female abdomen. Syntergite I + II (Fig. 7 A) like in N. maai, except 19 – 30 setae on each plate of lateral lobe. Dorsal connexivum (Fig. 7 A) resembles N. maai, except as follows: setae of cluster of setae around spiracle III uniform in size, with setae anterior to spiracle III as long as setae posterior to spiracle III, and longest setae shorter than but longer than half the length of longest setae on syntergite I + II; longitudinal sideband similar to that of N. maai, but setae 1 / 3 the length of longest setae on cluster of setae around spiracle III and at most twice as long as setae on median dorsal connexivum; lateral and median pairs of setae between each spiracle VI similar to those in N. traubi. Tergite VII (Fig. 7 A, C) like in N. maai, except as follows: posterior margin moderately to strongly inclined; 3 – 6 setae on each plate. Sternite II (Fig. 7 B) like in N. maai, except longest lateral setae twice as long as shortest median setae on posterior margin. Sternite VII with 8 – 12 setae on each plate. Epiproct (Fig. 7 A, C) like in N. maai. Male abdomen. Syntergite I + II like in N. maai, except 26 – 38 setae on each plate of lateral lobe. Ventral connexivum like in N. dubia. Sternite II (Fig. 7 D) like in N. maai, except longest lateral setae twice as long as shortest median setae on posterior margin. Hypopygium (Fig. 7 E) with setae on ventral margin like in N. dubia; sternite VI moderately to strongly curved, at most twice as long as cercus, apical margin irregular and wider than but not twice as wide as cercus. Genitalia (Fig. 7 F – H) as in N. maai, except as follows: gonopod strongly curved before distal macrosetae but not as in N. traubi, distal half wider than in N. maai, with distance between distal setae and apex of gonopod more than 1.5 times and less than twice distance between distal setae and dorsal margin of gonopod; dorsal margin flat with subparallel margins, and subacuminate at apex.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543740E0A32DDFDB3FEB8FD17.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil (Amapá, Ceará), Ecuador, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela (Fig. 15 D).	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543740E0A32DDFDB3FEB8FD17.taxon	biology_ecology	Host. Noctilio leporinus.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543740E0A32DDFDB3FEB8FD17.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂: Trinidad: “ FIELD MUSEUM OF NAT. HIST. / TRINIDAD: Manzilla / in hollow mangrove / tree / 13 March 1957 / T. H. G. Aitken leg. / HOLOTYPE [♂] / Noctiliostrebla aitkeni / Wenzel ”, ““ Ectoparasites of Panama ” / Page 569 / Host: Noctilio leporinus ”, on slide (FMNH). PARATYPE (1 ♀): Trinidad: same data as holotype (FMNH). Additional material examined. Brazil: 6 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀, state of Amapá, Macapá, Parque Nacional Montanhas do Tumucumaque, 2 ° 11 ’ 36 ” N, 54 ° 35 ’ 15 ” W, 11. i. 2005, A. C. M. Martins leg., on N. leporinus (ZUFMS); 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, state of Ceará, Crateús, Reserva de Serra das Almas, 40 o 50 ’ S, 0 5 o 05 ’ W, 28. i. 2013, J. C. Almeida leg., on N. leporinus (MZSP). Ecuador: 1 ♂, Pastaza, Villano B camp, (owned by AGIP), Lliquino river, 1500 m, 1 ° 27 ’ 10 ” S, 77 ° 26 ’ 32 ” W, 22. i. 2008, on N. leporinus (FMNH); 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, same data as previous except 30. i. 2008 (FMNH). Venezuela: 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Bolívar, Supamo river, 50 km SE El Manteco, 150 m, premontane humid forest, 10 / iv / 1966, A. L. Tuttle & M. D. Tuttle leg., on N. leporinus (FMNH); 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, same data as previous except 8. iv. 1966 (FMNH); 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Amazonas, Boca Mavaca, 84 km SSE Esmeralda, 7 km up Mavaca river, 138 m, tropical rainforest, 1. iii. 1967, M. D. Tuttle & F. L. Harder leg., on N. leporinus (FMNH); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data as previous except 20. iii. 1967 (FMNH).	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543740E0A32DDFDB3FEB8FD17.taxon	discussion	Remarks about the paratypes of Noctiliostrebla aitkeni from Peru. We examined two paratypes of Noctiliostrebla aitkeni from Peru: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Loreto, Maynas, Yauri-Mirin river, Quebrada Esperanza, 23. ix. 1957, C. Kalinowski leg., on N. leporinus (MZSP). We conclude that they belong to N. lamasi sp. n., based on the presence of a cluster of setae around spiracle III of the female, and on the shape of sternite VI of the male. Other remarks. Wenzel et al. (1966) examined the specimen of N. aitkeni upon which Jobling (1949) based his illustration of Aspidoptera megastigma, and which is deposited in NHMUK. Wenzel mentioned some differences between Jobling’s illustration and the specimen examined by him. He concluded that A. megastigma sensu Jobling is in fact N. aitkeni. Indeed, the illustration provided by Jobling shows no resemblance to N. dubia, and the redescription presented by Jobling (1949) does not refer to any relevant features. In other publications, Jobling (1929, 1936, 1951) made reference to Aspidoptera megastigma by means of illustrations and descriptions of features, which are clearly consistent with Noctiliostrebla, yet do not allow the determination of the species. The diagnosis of N. aitkeni provided by Guerrero (1995) includes the diagnostic features of both the male and the female sex.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543760E0D32DDFCC0FA3EFEC6.taxon	description	(Figs 8, 16 A)	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543760E0D32DDFCC0FA3EFEC6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The female is very similar to N. guerreroi sp. n. (described below). The feature that distinguishes females of N. ecuadorensis sp. n. and N. guerreroi sp. n. is the length of the setae on the longitudinal sideband in relation to the length of the setae on the median dorsal connexivum. The male is very similar to that of N. maai, but is easily identified through sternite VI, which is half as wide and longer than half the length of the cercus.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543760E0D32DDFCC0FA3EFEC6.taxon	description	Description. Measurements (mm, n = 10, 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀). HFL: ♂ 0.42 (0.40 – 0.43), ♀ 0.48 (0.46 – 0.51); SL: ♂ 0.51 (0.50 – 0.53), ♀ 0.55 (0.52 – 0.59); TL: ♂ 0.47 (0.44 – 0.49), ♀ 0.50 (0.48 – 0.53); WL: ♂ 0.26 (0.26 – 0.28), ♀ 0.28 (0.25 – 0.32); WW: ♂ 0.16 (0.16 – 0.18), ♀ 0.16 (0.15 – 0.17). Thorax. Mesepimeron with 1 – 2 setae on each side. Wing with 0 – 2 setae on median vein. Metasternum (Fig. 8 B, E) like in N. maai. Female abdomen. Syntergite I + II (Fig. 8 A) like in N. maai, except 25 – 32 setae on each plate of lateral lobe. Dorsal connexivum (Fig. 8 A) with a cluster of setae around spiracle III, setae anterior to spiracle III longer than but not twice the length of setae posterior to spiracle III, and longest setae half the length of longest setae on syntergite I + II; longitudinal sideband extending beyond outer lateral margin of spiracle and centered at spiracle, with 4 – 5 rows of setae, the longest setae half the length of longest setae on cluster of setae around spiracle III and twice as long as longest setae on median dorsal connexivum; 1 – 2 setae near inner side of spiracle V, longer than but not twice as long as longest setae on longitudinal sideband; lateral and median pairs of setae between each spiracle VI similar to those in N. traubi. Tergite VII (Fig. 8 A, C) like in N. maai, except inner lateral margin longer than lateral margin of epiproct but not twice the length; 5 – 6 setae on each plate. Sternite II (Fig. 8 B) like in N. aitkeni, except posterior margin straight or slightly emarginate. Sternite VII with 8 – 10 setae on each plate. Epiproct (Fig. 8 A, C) like in N. maai, except anteromedial setae shorter than posterior setae but longer than half their length. Male abdomen. Syntergite I + II like N. maai, except 29 – 34 setae on each plate of lateral lobe. Ventral connexivum like in N. maai. Sternite II (Fig. 8 E) like in female. Hypopygium (Fig. 8 D – E) with setae on ventral margin like in N. dubia; sternite VI very thin, shorter than cercus but longer than half its length, apical margin half the width of cercus. Genitalia (Fig. 8 F – H) similar to N. maai.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543760E0D32DDFCC0FA3EFEC6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ecuador (Fig. 16 A).	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543760E0D32DDFCC0FA3EFEC6.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Ecuador, Sucumbios, Zábalo.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543760E0D32DDFCC0FA3EFEC6.taxon	biology_ecology	Host. Noctilio albiventris.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543760E0D32DDFCC0FA3EFEC6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE ♀: Ecuador: “ HOLOTYPE ♀ / Noctiliostrebla ecuadorensis / Alcantara, Nihei & Graciolli ”, “ FMNH / Host. N. albiventris Desmarest / ♂♂, ♀♀ / Ecuador, Sucumbios: Zabalo; Criollo family’s property / 0 ° 19 ’ 5.16 ” S, 75 ° 45 ’ 58.32 ” W / 11. iii. 2004 / J. S. Tello leg. / QCAZ 6977 ”, “ Ex QCAZ 6977 JSTV 326 / Noctilio albiventris (H) ”, “ Ecuador-Sucumbios, 233 m 11 / 3 / 2004 / Zábalo — Casa de la Familia Criollo (An / Coo, 18 M 04147409964835 ” (FMNH). PARATYPES (8 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀): Ecuador: 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, same data as holotype (FMNH); 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Pastaza, Villano B camp, (owned by AGIP), Lliquino river, 1 ° 27 ’ 10.08 ” S, 77 ° 26 ’ 32.28 ” W, 26 / i / 2008, on N. albiventris (FMNH).	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543760E0D32DDFCC0FA3EFEC6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a reference to Ecuador, the only country with records of the species so far.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543710E0F32DDF921FD49FC36.taxon	description	(Figs 1 F, 9, 16 B)	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543710E0F32DDF921FD49FC36.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The females of Noctiliostrebla guerreroi sp. n. and N. ecuadorensis sp. n. are similar, but in the second species the longest setae on the longitudinal sideband are three times as long as those on the median dorsal connexivum of N. guerreroi sp. n. The male of N. guerreroi sp. n. is very similar to those of N. aitkeni, N. lamasi sp. n. and N. moren a sp. n., and is difficult to distinguish from them. However, the setae on the ventral margin of the hypopygium of N. guerreroi are not longer than the setae around the dorsal macrosetae of the hypopygium as in N. moren a sp. n., and the gonopods are not subacuminate at apex as in N. aitkeni, N. lamasi sp. n.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543710E0F32DDF921FD49FC36.taxon	description	Description. Measurements (mm, n = 7, 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀). HFL: ♂ 0.4 (0.39 – 0.41), ♀ 0.49 (0.45 – 0.52); SL: ♂ 0.5 (0.49 – 0.51), ♀ 0.55 (0.53 – 0.57); TL: ♂ 0.43 (0.43 – 0.44), ♀ 0.49 (0.48 – 0.51); WL: ♂ 0.26 (0.25 – 0.26), ♀ 0.28 (0.26 – 0.31); WW: ♂ 0.14 (0.13 – 0.16), ♀ 0.16 (0.14 – 0.17). Thorax. Mesepimeron with 1 – 2 setae on each side. Wing with 0 – 3 setae on median vein. Metasternum (Figs 1 F, 9 B, E) like in N. maai. Female abdomen. Syntergite I + II (Fig. 9 A) like in N. maai, except 23 – 35 setae on each plate of lateral lobe. Dorsal connexivum (Fig. 9 A) resembling that of N. ecuadorensis sp. n., except as follows: longitudinal sideband with longest setae three times as long as setae on median dorsal connexivum; lateral pair of setae between each spiracle VI like in N. maai. Tergite VII (Fig. 9 A, C) like in N. maai, except: twice as long as epiproct; inner lateral margin at most twice as long as lateral margin of epiproct; 3 – 5 setae on each plate. Sternite II (Fig. 9 B) like in N. aitkeni. Sternite VII with 6 – 11 setae on each plate. Epiproct (Fig. 9 A, C) like in N. maai. Male abdomen. Syntergite I + II like in N. maai, except 31 – 43 setae on each plate of lateral lobe. Ventral connexivum like in N. maai. Sternite II (Fig. 9 E) like in N. maai. Hypopygium (Fig. 9 D – E) like in N. ecuadorensis sp. n., except as follows: setae on ventral margin like in N. dubia; sternite VI with apical margin wider than half the width of cercus. Genitalia (Fig. 9 F – H) like in N. maai, except as follows: gonopod with distance between distal setae and apex more than 1.5 times and less than twice distance between distal setae and dorsal margin.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543710E0F32DDF921FD49FC36.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará) (Fig. 16 B).	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543710E0F32DDF921FD49FC36.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Brazil, Pará, Itaituba.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543710E0F32DDF921FD49FC36.taxon	biology_ecology	Host. Noctilio albiventris.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543710E0F32DDF921FD49FC36.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE ♀: Brazil: “ HOLOTYPE ♀ / Noctiliostrebla guerreroi / Alcantara, Nihei & Graciolli ”, “ 46.730 - A. 10.27 / Noctiliostre- / bla sp. / 2 ♂ 2 ♀ / Guim. det. ”, “ Noctilio a. al- / biventris-Itai- / tuba, PA, K, 57 / Trans., S. A. Mar- / ques col. 30.1. / 1979 / Nota 17.523 ” [holotype separated into a smaller tube] (MZSP). PARATYPES (7 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀): Brazil: 1 ♂, Amazonas, Beruri, Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Igapó – Açu, igapó vegetation along Rio Preto, 4 ° 40 ’ 55.852 ” S, 61 ° 21 ’ 53.337 ” W, 24. viii. 2013, R. Marciente & J. F. T. Andes Jr. leg., on N. albiventris (MZSP); 1 ♂, same data as previous except 4 ° 40 ’ 52.901 ” S, 61 ° 21 ’ 50.763 ” W, 25. viii. 2013 (MZSP); 3 ♀♀, Mato Grosso, Paranaíta, 09 ° 27 ’ 11.12 ” S, 56 ° 30 ’ 37.11 ” W, 1. xi. 2009, L. F. A. C. Carvalho leg., on N. albiventris (ZUFMS); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same data as holotype (MZSP); 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Pará, Santarém, Vila Alter do Chão, 31. vi. 2000, Bernard leg., on N. albiventris (DZUP).	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543710E0F32DDF921FD49FC36.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is in honor of Dr. Ricardo Guerrero, taxonomist of bat flies at Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543710E0F32DDF921FD49FC36.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The specimens studied by Graciolli & Bernard (2002) and misidentified as N. maai are actually N. guerreroi sp. n. and were included in the type series.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543730E0132DDFBE0FB5AFF23.taxon	description	(Figs 10, 16 C)	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543730E0132DDFBE0FB5AFF23.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Noctiliostrebla falsispina sp. n. is very similar to N. dubia and can be distinguished from it only by the presence of a thorn-like membranous projection on the dorsal margin of the aedeagus.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543730E0132DDFBE0FB5AFF23.taxon	description	Description. Measurements (mm, n = 19, 10 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀). HFL: ♂ 0.49 (0.45 – 0.52), ♀ 0.56 (0.55 – 0.58); SL: ♂ 0.49 (0.46 – 0.52), ♀ 0.51 (0.44 – 0.54); TL: ♂ 0.47 (0.45 – 0.51), ♀ 0.49 (0.47 – 0.51); WL: ♂ 0.32 (0.28 – 0.39), ♀ 0.31 (0.29 – 0.35); WW: ♂ 0.19 (0.16 – 0.22), ♀ 0.19 (0.17 – 0.20). Thorax. Similar to N. dubia, except in the following structures: scutellum of female with setae half as long as setae on scutum; mesepimeron with 1 – 2 setae on each side. Female abdomen (Fig. 10 A – C). Similar to N. dubia, except syntergite I + II (Fig. 10 A) with 20 – 36 setae on each plate of lateral lobe. Male abdomen (Fig. 10 D – H). Similar to N. dubia, except in the following structures: syntergite I + II with 32 – 44 setae on each plate of lateral lobe. Genitalia (Fig. 10 F – H) with dorsal margin of aedeagus with a thorn-like membranous projection and without a sclerotized thorn.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543730E0132DDFBE0FB5AFF23.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná), Paraguay (Fig. 16 C).	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543730E0132DDFBE0FB5AFF23.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Fazenda Querência.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543730E0132DDFBE0FB5AFF23.taxon	biology_ecology	Host. Noctilio leporinus.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543730E0132DDFBE0FB5AFF23.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂: Brazil: “ HOLOTYPE ♂ / Noctiliostrebla falsispina / Alcantara, Nihei & Graciolli ”, “ MZSP / Host. N. leporinus Linnaeus / Brazil, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Fazenda Querência / 19 o 23 ’ 20.9 ” S, 55 o 33 ’ 28 ” W / 13. iii. 2013 / L. F. A. C. Carvalho leg. / ∆ 11 N. dubia ” on slide (MZSP). PARATYPES (14 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀): Brazil: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data as holotype (MZSP); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, same data as holotype (ZUFMS); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, riparian forest, 18. v. 1999, Missirian leg., on N. leporinus (DZUP); 3 ♂♂, state of Paraná, Londrina, igapó vegetation, 22. xi., Lima leg., on N. leporinus (DZUP). Paraguay: 1 ♂, Concepción, Estancía Cerrito, 120 m, 23 ° 15.64 ’ S, 57 ° 30.32 ’ W, 25. xi. 1995, R. D. Owen & M. R. Willig leg., on N. leporinus (FMNH); 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same data as previous except 23 ° 13.35 ’ S, 57 ° 31.61 ’ W, 29. xi. 1995, (FMNH); 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Presidente Hayes, Estancía La Victoria, 120 m, 23 ° 39.03 ’ S, 58 ° 34.79 ’ W, 27. vii. 1995, R. D. Owen & M. R. Willig leg., on N. leporinus (FMNH).	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543730E0132DDFBE0FB5AFF23.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is formed of the Latin words “ falsus ” and “ spina ”, meaning false thorn, in references to the thorn-like membranous projection on the dorsal margin of the aedeagus.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543730E0132DDFBE0FB5AFF23.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We identified specimens of N. falsispina sp. n., along with specimens of N. lamasi sp. n., in the material misidentified as N. dubia and N. aitkeni by Graciolli & Carvalho (2001), Prevedello et al. (2005), Dick & Gettinger (2005) and Presley (2007, 2011, 2012). These specimens were included in the type series.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437D0E0032DDFE93FC7EFE2F.taxon	description	(Figs 11, 16 D)	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437D0E0032DDFE93FC7EFE2F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Noctiliostrebla lamasi sp. n. resembles N. aitkeni and N. caissara sp. n. The setae on the longitudinal sideband of the female abdomen are as short as those on the median dorsal connexivum, and the setae composing the cluster of setae around spiracle III are not as long as in N. aitkeni. Tergite VII resembles that of N. caissara sp. n., but it is not three times as long the epiproct and its inner lateral margin is more than twice as long as the lateral margin of the epiproct. The male is very similar to that of N. aitkeni, but can be distinguished from it by sternite VI, the apical margin of which is wider than the cercus.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437D0E0032DDFE93FC7EFE2F.taxon	description	Description. Measurements (mm, n = 20, 10 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀). HFL: ♂ 0.48 (0.45 – 0.54), ♀ 0.55 (0.52 – 0.56); SL: ♂ 0.55 (0.53 – 0.58), ♀ 0.60 (0.56 – 0.62); TL: ♂ 0.49 (0.41 – 0.53), ♀ 0.51 (0.45 – 0.54); WL: ♂ 0.31 (0.29 – 0.34), ♀ 0.32 (0.27 – 0.37); WW: ♂ 0.17 (0.16 – 0.19), ♀ 0.18 (0.15 – 0.21). Thorax. Mesepimeron with 1 – 2 setae on each side. Wing with 0 – 3 setae on median vein. Metasternum (Fig. 11 B, E) like in N. maai. Female abdomen. Syntergite I + II (Fig. 11 A) like in N. maai, except 19 – 31 setae on each plate of lateral lobe. Dorsal connexivum (Fig. 11 A) like in N. aitkeni, except as follows: cluster of setae around spiracle III with setae anterior to spiracle III at most twice as long as setae posterior to spiracle III, and longest setae less than half as long as longest setae on syntergite I + II; longitudinal sideband of setae with longest setae 1 / 2 – 1 / 3 the length of longest setae on cluster of setae around spiracle III, and twice as thick as, but less than twice the length of setae on median dorsal connexivum; lateral pair of setae between each spiracle VI like in N. maai; median pair of setae between each spiracle VI like in N. traubi. Tergite VII (Fig. 11 A, C) with a short lobe, and strongly inclined on posterior margin; more than twice but less than three times the length of epiproct, and wider but not twice as wide as epiproct; inner lateral margin at least twice as long as lateral margin of epiproct; 5 – 8 setae on each plate. Sternite II (Fig. 11 B) like in N. aitkeni. Sternite VII with 8 – 11 setae on each plate. Epiproct (Fig. 11 A, C) like in N. maai. Male abdomen. Syntergite I + II like in N. maai, except 24 – 37 setae on each plate of lateral lobe. Ventral connexivum like in N. dubia. Sternite II (Fig. 11 E) like in N. aitkeni. Hypopygium (Fig. 11 D – E) like in N. aitkeni, except sternite VI with apical margin wider than but not twice as wide as cercus. Genitalia (Fig. 11 F – H) similar to those of N. aitkeni.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437D0E0032DDFE93FC7EFE2F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná), Paraguay, Peru (Fig. 16 D).	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437D0E0032DDFE93FC7EFE2F.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio Verde, Fazenda Tupã.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437D0E0032DDFE93FC7EFE2F.taxon	biology_ecology	Host. Noctilio leporinus.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437D0E0032DDFE93FC7EFE2F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE ♀: Brazil: “ HOLOTYPE ♀ / Noctiliostrebla lamasi / Alcantara, Nihei & Graciolli ”, “ MZSP / Host. N. leporinus Linnaeus / Brazil, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio Verde, Fazenda Tupã / 18 o 20 ’ 46.3 ” S, 55 o 20 ’ 15.58 ” W / 20. iv. 2013 / L. F. A. C. Carvalho leg. / ∆ 2 N. leporinus ” (MZSP). PARATYPES (38 ♂♂, 40 ♀♀): Brazil: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Fazenda Querência, 19 ° 23 ’ 20.9 ” S, 55 ° 33 ’ 28 ” W, 13. iii. 2013, L. F. A. C. Carvalho leg., on N. leporinus (ZUFMS); 2 ♂♂, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Capão, 18. v. 1999, Missirian leg., on N. leporinus (DZUP); 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Passo do Lontra, Base de Estudos do Pantanal, 19 ° 34 ’ 48.9 ” S, 57 ° 01 ’ 16.2 ” W, 28. iv. 2011, C. L. Silva leg., on N. leporinus (ZUFMS); 14 ♂♂, 18 ♀♀, same data as previous except 3. v. 2011 (ZUFMS); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data as previous (NHMUK); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data as holotype (MZSP); 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, same data as holotype (ZUFMS); 3 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Paraná, Londrina, igapó vegetation, 22. xi. 1998, Lima leg., on N. leporinus (DZUP). Paraguay: 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Concepción, Estancía Cerrito, 120 m, 23 ° 15.64 ’ S, 57 ° 30.32 ’ W, 25. xi. 1995, R. D. Owen & M. R. Willig leg., on N. leporinus (FMNH); 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Presidente Hayes, Estancía Samaklay, 120 m, 23 ° 28.81 ’ S, 59 ° 48.43 ’ W, 4. viii. 1995, R. D. Owen & M. R. Willig leg., on N. leporinus (FMNH).	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437D0E0032DDFE93FC7EFE2F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet honors Dr. Carlos Einicker Lamas, curator of Diptera at Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437D0E0032DDFE93FC7EFE2F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Part of the material misidentified as N. aitkeni by Graciolli & Carvalho (2001) and Prevedello et al. (2005) from Londrina (Paraná, Brazil) was identified here as N. lamasi sp. n. Some misidentified specimens studied by Dick & Gettinger (2005), Presley & Willig (2008) and Presley (2007, 2011, 2012) were also identified as N. lamasi sp. n. These specimens were included in the type series. Autino & Claps (2000) and Autino et al. (2009) recorded the occurrence of N. aitkeni in Argentina; we have not examined their material, but the specimens may indeed belong to N. lamasi sp. n. in view of their area of occurrence.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437F0E0532DDFF48FCA5FE0B.taxon	description	(Figs 1 A – E, G – I, 2 A, C – D, 3 A – B, D – G, 12, 17 A)	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437F0E0532DDFF48FCA5FE0B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This is the only species in which the setae of the cluster around spiracle III of the female are the same size as the setae on the longitudinal sideband. The male is similar to that of N. guerreroi sp. n., but can be distinguished from it by the setae on the ventral margin of the hypopygium, which are longer than the setae around the dorsal macrosetae of the hypopygium.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437F0E0532DDFF48FCA5FE0B.taxon	description	Description. Measurements (mm, n = 20, 10 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀). HFL: ♂ 0.41 (0.38 – 0.45), ♀ 0,47 (0.45 – 0.51); SL: ♂ 0.51 (0.47 – 0.54), ♀ 0.56 (0.53 – 0.58); TL: ♂ 0.47 (0.43 – 0.49), ♀ 0.5 (0.46 – 0.54); WL: ♂ 0.29 (0.25 – 0.32), ♀ 0.29 (0.26 – 0.30); WW: ♂ 0.17 (0.15 – 0.19), ♀ 0.16 (0.15 – 0.18). Thorax. Mesepimeron (Fig. 1 E) with 1 – 2 setae on each side. Wings (Fig. 1 E, G) with 0 – 3 setae on median vein. Metasternum (Fig. 12 B, E) like in N. maai. Female abdomen. Syntergite I + II (Figs. 2 A, 12 A) like in N. maai, except 26 – 37 setae on each plate of lateral lobe. Dorsal connexivum (Fig. 12 A) resembling that of N. ecuadorensis sp. n., except as follows: cluster of setae around spiracle III with setae anterior to spiracle III as long as setae posterior to spiracle III, and longest setae 1 / 3 the length of longest setae on syntergite I + II; longitudinal sideband with setae as long as setae on cluster of setae around spiracle III and three times as long as setae on median dorsal connexivum; without setae near inner side of spiracle V; lateral pair of setae between each spiracle VI longer than longest setae on cluster of setae around spiracle III but not twice the length, and median pair of setae between each spiracle VI shorter than longest setae on longitudinal sideband of setae but longer than half their length. Tergite VII (Figs. 2 C – D, 12 A, C) like in N. guerreroi sp. n., except 4 – 8 setae on each plate. Sternite II (Fig. 12 B) like in N. aitkeni. Sternite VII with 8 – 11 setae on each plate. Epiproct (Figs. 2 C – D, 12 A, C) like in N. maai. Male abdomen. Syntergite I + II (Fig. 3 A) like in N. maai, except 32 – 48 setae on each plate of lateral lobe. Ventral connexivum like in N. dubia. Sternite II (Fig. 12 E) like in N. maai. Hypopygium (Figs. 3 A – B, E – F, 12 D – E) with 1 – 2 setae on ventral margin longer than setae around the dorsal macrosetae of hypopygium but not twice the length, and shorter than dorsal macrosetae of hypopygium; sternite VI like in N. aitkeni. Genitalia (Figs. 3 B, D – F, 12 F – H) similar to N. guerreroi sp. n.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437F0E0532DDFF48FCA5FE0B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul), Paraguay (Fig. 17 A).	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437F0E0532DDFF48FCA5FE0B.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Base de Estudos do Pantanal.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437F0E0532DDFF48FCA5FE0B.taxon	biology_ecology	Host. Noctilio albiventris.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437F0E0532DDFF48FCA5FE0B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE ♀: Brazil: “ HOLOTYPE ♀ / Noctiliostrebla morena / Alcantara, Nihei & Graciolli ”, “ MZSP / Host. N. albiventris Desmarest / Brazil, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Base de Estudos do Pantanal — UFMS [= Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul] / 19 ° 34 ’ 48.0 ” S, 57 ° 01 ’ 15.1 ” W / 03. iii. 2013 / D. M. C. Alcantara & C. S. Souza leg. / BEP 96 ” (MZSP). PARATYPES (122 ♂♂, 109 ♀♀): Brazil: 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Mato Grosso, Poconé, Pousada Rio Clarinho, 16 ° 36 ’ 02.1 ” S, 56 ° 43 ’ 46.7 ” W, 19. i. 2013, D. M. C. Alcantara, M. D. Santis & M. S. Sato leg., on N. albiventris (MZSP); 1 ♀, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Fazenda Arara Azul, 19 ° 15 ’ 81 ” S, 57 ° 03 ’ 44 ” W, 19. v. 2007, J. M. Longo leg., on N. albiventris (ZUFMS); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Fazenda Nazaré, 18 ° 40 ’ 14.8 ” S, 57 ° 08 ’ 0.87 ” W, 27. iv. 2013, L. F. A. C. Carvalho leg., on N. albiventris (ZUFMS); 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Fazenda São Bento, ix. 2006, R. M. Gamarra et al. leg., on N. albiventris (MZSP); 20 ♂♂, 21 ♀♀, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Forte Coimbra, 19 ° 54 ’ 49.6 ” S, 57 ° 47 ’ 19.4 ” W, 4. iv. 2008, M. O. Bordignon leg., on N. albiventris (ZUFMS); 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Passo do Lontra, Base de Estudos do Pantanal, 19 ° 34 ’ 29 ” S, 57 ° 00 ’ 53 ” W, 14. v. 2007 – 11. i. 2008, J. M. Longo leg., on N. albiventris (ZUFMS); 6 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Passo do Lontra, Base de Estudos do Pantanal, 19 ° 34 ’ 51.3 ” S, 57 ° 01 ’ 13.5 ” W, 15. v. 2007, J. M. Longo leg., on N. albiventris (ZUFMS); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Passo do Lontra, Base de Estudos do Pantanal, 17. x. 2007, M. O. Bordignon leg., on N. albiventris (ZUFMS); 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, Mato Grosso do Sul, Passo do Lontra, Corumbá, Base de Estudos do Pantanal, 19 ° 34 ’ 38.9 ” S, 57 ° 01 ’ 09.1 ” W, 28. x. 2008, M. O. Bordignon leg., on N. albiventris (ZUFMS); 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Passo do Lontra, Base de Estudos do Pantanal, 28. vi. 2011, 19 ° 34 ’ 48.9 ” S, 57 ° 01 ’ 16.2 ” W, C. L. Silva leg., on N. albiventris (ZUFMS); 11 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Passo do Lontra, Base de Estudos do Pantanal, 27. i. 2011, C. L. Silva leg., on N. albiventris (ZUFMS); 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, same data as previous except 31. i. 2011 (ZUFMS); 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, same data as previous except 1. iii. 2011 (ZUFMS); 17 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀, same data as previous except 27. iv. 2011 (ZUFMS); 1 ♂, same data as previous except 28. iv. 2011 (ZUFMS); 19 ♂♂, 18 ♀♀, same data as previous except 24. vi. 2011 (ZUFMS); 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, same data as holotype (MZSP); 2 ♂, 2 ♀, same data as holotype (NHMUK); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data as holotype (ZMHU); 3 ♂, 3 ♀, same data as holotype except 25. ii. 2013 (MZSP); 1 ♂♂, 1 ♀♀, same data as holotype except 25. ii. 2013 (MPEG); 1 ♀, Mato Grosso do Sul, Porto Índio, 17 ° 40 ’ 08.7 ” S, 57 ° 45 ’ 21.4 ” W, 12. viii. 2008, M. O. Bordignon leg., on Platyrrhinus lineatus (E. Geoffroy) (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) [doubtful record, see further on] (ZUFMS); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, riparian forest, 19. i. 1999, Missirian leg., on N. albiventris (DZUP); Paraguay: 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Alto Paraguay, Bahía Negra, 90 m, 20 ° 10.98 ’ S, 58 ° 09.42 ’ W, 15. ii. 1996, R. D. Owen & M. R. Willig leg., on N. albiventris (FMNH); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Misiones, Rio Antinguy, 80 m, 27 ° 20.67 ’ S, 56 ° 40.52 ’ W, 15. i. 1996, R. D. Owen & M. R. Willig leg., on N. albiventris (FMNH); 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Presidente Hayes, Estancía La Victoria, 120 m, 23 ° 39.03 ’ S, 58 ° 34.79 ’ W, 27. vii. 1995, R. D. Owen & M. R. Willig leg., on N. albiventris (FMNH); 1 ♀, same data as previous except 29. vii. 1995 (FMNH).	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437F0E0532DDFF48FCA5FE0B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. A noun in apposition, the specific epithet “ morena ” refers to the nickname of the city of Campo Grande, capital of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The holotype and most paratypes are from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437F0E0532DDFF48FCA5FE0B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We examined part of the material studied by Dick & Gettinger (2005), Presley & Willig (2008) and Presley (2011, 2012). Some of these specimens were identified by us as N. morena sp. n., whereas others were identified as N. pantaneira sp. n. The individuals of N. morena sp. n. were included in the type series. No specimen from their material was confirmed as N. maai. Like N. dubia, N. maai has also been recorded from Bolivia (Dick et al. 2007), but the specimens collected in that country may in fact belong to N. morena sp. n., since N. maai only occurs in Central America and northern South America.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543790E0732DDFDFBFE5BFE76.taxon	description	(Figs 2 B, 13, 17 B)	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543790E0732DDFDFBFE5BFE76.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The pattern of setae on the connexivum of the female is very similar to that found in N. dubia, but it is mainly differentiated by the few setae in the middle of the bare areas on the median dorsal connexivum. The female sternite II is weakly emarginate compared to the shape observed in N. dubia and N. traubi. The male is easily recognized by the set of macrosetae anterior to sternite VI, and sternite II weakly emarginate.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543790E0732DDFDFBFE5BFE76.taxon	description	Description. Measurements (mm, n = 20, 10 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀). HFL: ♂ 0.45 (0.43 – 0.47), ♀ 0.52 (0.51 – 0.55); SL: ♂ 0.51 (0.49 – 0.53), ♀ 0.56 (0.55 – 0.58); TL: ♂ 0.49 (0.47 – 0.51), ♀ 0.52 (0.51 – 0.55); WL: ♂ 0.29 (0.27 – 0.31), ♀ 0.30 (0.28 – 0.33); WW: ♂ 0.17 (0.15 – 0.18), ♀ 0.18 (0.17 – 0.20). Thorax. Mesepimeron with 1 – 2 setae on each side. Wing with 1 – 3 setae on median vein. Metasternum (Fig. 13 B, E) like in N. traubi. Female abdomen. Syntergite I + II (Fig. 13 A) like in N. maai, except 35 – 56 setae on each plate of lateral lobe, and inner lateral margin moderately inclined. Dorsal connexivum (Fig. 13 A) like in N. dubia, except as follows: with few short setae at middle of bare areas; row posterior to spiracle VI with one pair of setae in the middle as long as setae on cluster of setae around spiracle III. Lateral connexivum with free cluster of minute setae below spiracle III. Tergite VII (Fig. 13 A, C) like in N. dubia, except 4 – 7 setae on each plate. Sternite II (Fig. 2 B, 13 B) with posterior margin weakly emarginate, and longest lateral setae twice as long as shortest median setae; discal setae not in row. Sternite VII (Fig. 2 B) subtriangular and longer than wide; 8 – 13 setae on each plate. Epiproct (Fig. 13 A, C) like in N. dubia. Male abdomen. Syntergite I + II like in N. dubia, except 37 – 71 setae on each plate of lateral lobe. Ventral connexivum with segmental setae longer and thicker than other ventral setae but not twice the length, easily distinguishable. Sternite II (Fig. 13 E) with posterior margin weakly emarginate, and longest lateral setae longer than shortest median setae but not twice the length. Hypopygium (Fig. 13 D – E) with ventral setae like in N. dubia; sternite VI straight or slightly curved, narrower and longer than half length of cercus; cluster of macrosetae anterior of sternite VI, 1 – 3 macrosetae longer than dorsal macrosetae of hypopygium but not twice the length. Genitalia (Fig. 13 F – H) like in N. guerreroi sp. n., except gonopod wider than in N. guerreroi sp. n., and dorsal margin of aedeagus similar to that of N. falsispina sp. n.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543790E0732DDFDFBFE5BFE76.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul), Paraguay (Fig. 17 B).	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543790E0732DDFDFBFE5BFE76.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Base de Estudos do Pantanal.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543790E0732DDFDFBFE5BFE76.taxon	biology_ecology	Host. Noctilio albiventris.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543790E0732DDFDFBFE5BFE76.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE ♀: Brazil: “ HOLOTYPE ♀ / Noctiliostrebla pantaneira / Alcantara, Nihei & Graciolli ”, “ MZSP / Host. N. albiventris Desmarest / Brazil, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Base de Estudos do Pantanal — UFMS [= Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul] / 19 ° 34 ’ 48.0 ” S, 57 ° 01 ’ 15.1 ” W / 03. iii. 2013 / D. M. C. Alcantara & C. S. Souza leg. / BEP 88 ” (MZSP). PARATYPES (89 ♂♂, 76 ♀♀): Brazil: 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀, Mato Grosso, Poconé, Pousada Rio Clarinho, 16 ° 36 ’ 02.1 ” S, 56 ° 43 ’ 46.7 ” W, 19. i. 2013, D. M. C. Alcantara, M. D. Santis & M. S. Sato leg., on N. albiventris (MZSP); 1 ♀, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Fazenda Arara Azul, 19 ° 15 ’ 81 ” S, 57 ° 03 ’ 44 ” W, 19. v. 2007, J. M. Longo leg., on N. albiventris (ZUFMS); 4 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Forte Coimbra, 19 ° 54 ’ 49.6 ” S, 57 ° 47 ’ 19.4 ” W, 4. iv. 2008, M. O. Bordignon leg. (ZUFMS); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Passo do Lontra, Base de Estudos do Pantanal, 19 ° 34 ’ 29 ” S, 57 ° 00 ’ 53 ” W, 14. v. 2007, J. M. Longo leg., on N. albiventris (ZUFMS); 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, same data as previous except 19 ° 34 ’ 51.3 ” S, 57 ° 01 ’ 13.5 ” W, 15. v. 2007, (ZUFMS); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data as previous except 19 ° 34 ’ 51.3 ” S, 57 ° 01 ’ 13.5 ” W, 15. v. 2007, on Artibeus planirostris Spix (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) [doubtful record, see further on] (ZUFMS); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, same data as previous except 19 ° 34 ’ 38.9 ” S, 57 ° 01 ’ 09.1 ” W, 28. x. 2008, M. O. Bordignon leg. (ZUFMS); 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Passo do Lontra, Base de Estudos do Pantanal, 27. i. 2011, C. L. Silva leg., on N. albiventris (ZUFMS); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same data as previous except 1. iii. 2011 (ZUFMS); 10 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, same data as previous except 25. iv. 2011 (ZUFMS); 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, same data as previous except 26. iv. 2011 (ZUFMS); 26 ♂♂, 19 ♀♀, same data as previous except 27. iv. 2011 (ZUFMS); 3 ♂♂, same data as previous except 28. iv. 2011 (ZUFMS); 18 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, same data as previous except 24. vi. 2011 (ZUFMS); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data as holotype (DZUP); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data as holotype (MZSP); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data as holotype (NHMUK); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data as holotype (ZMHU); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data as holotype except 27. ii. 2013 (MZSP); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data as holotype except 27. ii. 2013 (MPEG); Paraguay: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Misiones, Rio Antinguy, 80 m, 27 ° 20.67 ’ S, 56 ° 40.52 ’ W, 15. i. 1996, R. D. Owen & M. R. Willig leg., on N. albiventris (FMNH); 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Presidente Hayes, Estancía La Victoria, 120 m, 23 ° 39.03 ’ S, 58 ° 34.79 ’ W, 29. vii. 1995, R. D. Owen & M. R. Willig leg., on N. albiventris (FMNH).	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543790E0732DDFDFBFE5BFE76.taxon	etymology	Etymology. A noun in apposition, the specific epithet “ pantaneira ” refers to the traditional inhabitants of the Pantanal region, where the holotype and most of the paratypes are from.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A543790E0732DDFDFBFE5BFE76.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In his comments about N. dubia, Wenzel (1976) mentioned two females that have many features in common with N. pantaneira sp. n. However, the females he examined were from the state of Amazonas, Brazil, and do not match the geographical records of N. pantaneira sp. n. Some of the specimens studied by Dick & Gettinger (2005), Presley & Willig (2008) and Presley (2011, 2012) were identified by us as N. pantaneira sp. n. and were included in the type series. Many specimens of N. pantaneira sp. n. were collected on the same host individuals as N. morena sp. n.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437B0E0632DDFE20FB93FDC3.taxon	description	(Figs 14, 17 C)	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437B0E0632DDFE20FB93FDC3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This is the largest species of Noctiliostrebla and is very similar to N. aitkeni. The female can be easily distinguished by the presence of a single bare area on the median dorsal connexivum between spiracles V and VI. In addition, sternite VII is three times longer than the epiproct. The male is similar to the males of other species, but it can be recognized by apex of sternite VI at least twice as wide as cercus, and distal half of gonopod longer than in N. aitkeni.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437B0E0632DDFE20FB93FDC3.taxon	description	Description. Measurements (mm, n = 20, 10 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀). HFL: ♂ 0.51 (0.49 – 0.53); ♀ 0.60 (0.55 – 0.62); SL: ♂ 0.57 (0.54 – 0.60); ♀ 0.63 (0.56 – 0.65); TL: ♂ 0.51 (0.50 – 0.52); ♀ 0.55 (0.53 – 0.57); WL: ♂ 0.33 (0.30 – 0.38); ♀ 0.35 (0.32 – 0.39); WW: ♂ 0.19 (0.18 – 0.20); ♀ 0.19 (0.18 – 0.21) Thorax. Mesepimeron with 1 – 2 setae on each side. Wing with 0 – 3 setae on median vein. Metasternum (Fig. 14 B) like in N. maai. Female abdomen. Syntergite I + II (Fig. 14 A) like in N. maai, except 26 – 40 setae on each plate of lateral lobe. Dorsal connexivum (Fig. 14 A) like N. lamasi sp. n., except as follows: cluster of setae around spiracle III with longest setae half the length of longest setae on syntergite I + II; longitudinal sideband with longest setae half the length of longest setae on cluster of setae around spiracle III and 2 – 3 times longer than setae on median dorsal connexivum; rectangular bare area between spiracle V and VI on median dorsal connexivum; median pair of setae between each spiracle VI as long as setae on longitudinal sideband. Tergite VII (Fig. 14 A, C) like N. lamasi sp. n.; at most three times as long and at least twice as wide as epiproct; inner lateral margin as long as lateral margin of epiproct; 6 – 10 setae on each plate. Sternite II (Fig. 14 B) like in N. aitkeni. Sternite VII with 9 – 13 setae on each plate. Epiproct (Fig. 14 A, C) like in N. maai. Male abdomen. Syntergite I + II like in N. maai, except 30 – 45 setae on each plate of lateral lobe. Ventral connexivum like in N. dubia. Sternite II (Fig. 14 E) like in N. lamasi sp. n. Hypopygium (Fig. 14 D – E) resembling that of N. aitkeni, except as follows: setae on ventral margin shorter than setae around dorsal macrosetae of hypopygium but longer than half their length; sternite VI longer than cercus but not twice the length, apical margin twice as wide as cercus, strongly enlarged and moderately inclined at apex. Genitalia (Fig. 14 F – H) like in N. aitkeni, except as follows: distal half of gonopod longer and narrower than in N. aitkeni, with distance between distal setae and apex more than 2.5 times distance between distal setae and dorsal margin.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437B0E0632DDFE20FB93FDC3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil (Paraná, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul) (Fig. 17 C). Type locality. Brazil, Paraná, Matinhos, Caiobá.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437B0E0632DDFE20FB93FDC3.taxon	biology_ecology	Host. Noctilio leporinus.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437B0E0632DDFE20FB93FDC3.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE ♀: Brazil: “ HOLOTYPE ♀ / Noctiliostrebla caissara / Alcantara, Nihei & Graciolli ”, “ DZUP / Host. N. leporinus Linnaeus / Brazil, state of Paraná, Matinhos, Caiobá / 17. vi. 1998 / M. O. Bordignon leg. / Tombo 426, DZUP 055508 ” (DZUP). PARATYPES (129 ♂♂, 99 ♀♀): Brazil: 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Paraná, Guaraqueçaba, 17 / vi / 1998, M. O. Bordignon leg., on N. leporinus (DZUP); 8 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀, same data as holotype (DZUP); 31 ♂♂, 24 ♀♀, Paraná, Matinhos, Caiobá, 12. ii. 1998, M. O. Bordignon leg., on N. leporinus (DZUP); 36 ♂♂, 22 ♀♀, same data as previous except 22. iv. 1998 (DZUP); 42 ♂♂, 36 ♀♀, same data as previous except 21. i. 1999 (DZUP); 6 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, same data as previous except 18. iii. 1999 (DZUP); 6 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, São Paulo, Cananéia, 23. vii. 1997, M. O. Bordignon leg., on N. leporinus (DZUP); 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Itapoá, 30. iii. 2001, G. Graciolli leg., on N. leporinus (DZUP).	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437B0E0632DDFE20FB93FDC3.taxon	etymology	Etymology. A noun in apposition, the specific epithet is taken from the type locality. The name comes from the old Tupi language “ ka'aysara ” and is the denomination given to traditional inhabitants of the south-eastern and southern coasts of Brazil, where the species occurs.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
03F987A5437B0E0632DDFE20FB93FDC3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The material misidentified as N. aitkeni by Graciolli & Carvalho (2001), Moura et al. (2003) and Prevedello et al. (2005) was examined and most of the specimens were identified as N. caissara sp. n. and were included in the type series; no specimen was confirmed as N. aitkeni. Since N. caissara and N. aitkeni are very similar, the diagnosis of Graciolli & Carvalho (2001) understandably includes many features shared by both species. However, among those features the authors mention the presence of areas without setae on the female dorsal connexivum, which is a diagnostic character of females of N. caissara sp. n.	en	Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, Graciolli, Gustavo, Nihei, Silvio S. (2019): Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio). Zootaxa 4560 (3): 483-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.4
