taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F987A2FFA5FFBBB0928AB1FB25FEA4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: It differs from Pseudopyrenidium tartaricola by its larger perithecia, 250 – 300 (– 400) µm diam. thicker perithecial wall, (30 –) 40 – 50 µm, larger spores, (14 –) 18 – 26 (– 27) × 9 – 11 µm with 1 – 2 septa, then with 3 – 5 trasverse septa and anamorph Phoma - like. Additionally, both have different host genera, Pertusaria vs. Ochrolechia. Type: — SPAIN. Navarre, Quinto Real, near of Fábrica de Armas and parking with a wood bridge, on Pertusaria pertusa on Fagus sylvatica, 775 m, 43 º 00 ’ 56 ’’ N, 1 º 28 ’ 55 ’’ W, 12 June 2018, J. Etayo 31748 (MAF-Lich. - holotype, hb. Etayo-isotype) (RP 529). Ascomata perithecia, solitary or aggregated in small groups, black, at first completely immersed finally erumpent, 150 – 200 µm diam., with central ostiole. Mycelium well visible around perithecia with brown hyphae, 4 – 5 µm thick. Ascomatal wall thin, composed of several rows of cells, brown to olive brown, with extracellular pigment, K-, 12 – 20 µm thick, slightly darker and thicker around ostiole to 30 µm thick, outer row with polygonal cells of thin wall, 5 – 10 µm diam. In upper part some external, brown periphyses are visible, 12 – 20 × 2 – 3 µm. Hymenium I-, K / I-with many paraphysoids. Paraphysoids of variable width, 1 – 2.5 µm, when wider clearly septate, branched with some anastomoses, abundant. Asci bitunicate, subcylindrical, only epiplasm KI + orange, 95 – 115 × 10 – 12 µm, firstly with 8 juvenile spores, then with four mature ones. Ascospores ellipsoidal, soon golden brown, verruculose, (1 –) 3 (– 4) septate, rarely submuriform with one longitudinal septum, constricted at the septum, with one oil guttule per cell, obtuse ends, (15 –) 16 – 18 (– 19) × (6 –) 6.5 – 8 (– 10) µm. Conidiomata subspherical, solitary or aggregated in small groups, black, first immersed, finally sessile, 100 – 170 µm dbh, each with a single ostiole. Conidiomatal wall thin, composed of two rows of cells, dark brown, 5 – 7 µm thick, outer row with polygonal, thin-walled cells, 5 – 10 × 3 – 6 µm, with some small oil guttules inside. Ostiole central, surrounded by elongate cells with cylindrical to pyriform apices, brown, 7 – 10 × 3 – 5 µm. Conidiogenous cells lining the inner wall of the pycnidium, phialidic, hyaline, ampulliform to cylindrical, producing abundant conidia, 6 – 10 × 4.5 – 7 µm. Conidia hyaline to pale brown, unicellular, subspherical to ellipsoidal or pyriform with truncate base, with one large oil guttule, rarely several small ones, 5 – 8 × 3.5 – 5 µm. Hosts and distribution: The species grows on blackened thalli of Pertusaria hymenea (Ach.) Schaerer (1836: 353) and dark violaceous thalli of P. pertusa, both in old, well-preserved Fagus forests in northern Spain (Guipúzcoa & Navarre). Species of Pertusaria in these woods are colonized by many species of lichenicolous fungi. Discussion: So far only one species was known in the genus, P. tartaricola growing only on Ochrolechia. It has many features in common with P. epipertusariae but differs by its larger perithecia 250 – 300 (– 400) µm, a thicker perithecial wall (30 –) 40 – 50 µm and very variable but larger ellipsoidal ascospores, (14 –) 18 – 26 (– 27) × (7 –) 9 – 11 (– 13) µm, first with 1 – 2 septa, later with 3 – 5 transversal septa. No spores with 5 septa have been found in P. epipertusariae. Conidiomata have never been found in P. tartaricola (Navarro-Rosinés et al. 2010, Navarro-Rosinés & Etayo 2018). Microscopical features of the anamorph remind Phoma s. lat. or Microsphaeropsis Sydow & P. Sydow (1916: 369), genera including several lichenicolous species. So far, no lichenicolous species of those genera have been collected on Pertusaria. Phylogenetically this species is not related to Didymocyrtis (Fig. 1). Specimens examined. SPAIN. Navarre, Urbasa mountains, way to Otxaportillo from the road, way to balsa de Mármol, Fagus wood, on Pertusaria hymenea on Fagus sylvatica, 950 m, 42 º 51 ’ 27 ’’ N, 2 º 07 ’ 57 ’’ W, 19 August 2017, J. Etayo 30789 (hb. Etayo), RP 462. Navarre: Quinto Real, way to France just after the old fish hatchery, on Pertusaria pertusa on F. sylvatica, 940 m, 43 º 00 ’ 42 ’’ N, 1 º 28 ’ 01 ’’ W, 4 June 2017, J. Etayo 31750 (hb. Etayo). Guipúzcoa: Sª Aralar, way from Lizarrusti to Lareo reservoir, on P. pertusa on F. sylvatica, 760 m, 42 º 58 ’ 46 ’’ N, 2 º 06 ’ 55 ’’ W, 5 January 2017, J. Etayo & E. Ros 31122 (hb. Etayo), RP 496.	en	Etayo, J., Pino-Bodas, R. (2021): Notes on lichenicolous Pleosporales, with two new species, Didymocyrtis azorica and Pseudopyrenidium epipertusariae (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 494 (1): 75-88, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.494.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.494.1.4
03F987A2FFA9FFB8B0928EDFF956FD45.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Similar to Didymocyrtis micropunctum but this species has completely immersed ascomata, larger spores, 10.5 – 15 x 4 – 6 µm, with verruculose, not striate ornamentation. Furthermore, the type host of D. micropunctum is Parmotrema. Type: — PORTUGAL. The Azores, Terceira, Reserva Nacional Serra de Santa Barbara, volcanic domes of Misterios Negros, Lagoa do Negro, on thallus of Hypotrachyna rockii (Zahlbr.) Hale on mossy branches of laurisilva trees, 600 – 650 m, 38 º 44 ’ 01 ’’ N, 27 º 17 ’ 05 ’’ W, 22 July 2017, J. Etayo 30968 (PO-holotypus, hb. Etayo-isotypus). Ascomata perithecioid, black, immersed, subglobose, 90 – 120 µm diam., grouped but not confluent, mature mixed or not with younger ones or bad developed ones much more abundant. Ascomatal wall formed by thin, branched hyphae with thin wall, brown color, K + greenish black, 1.5 – 2 µm thick surrounded by an extracellular pigment forming clusters. Hymenium I-, KI-. Paraphyses abundant, very thin, near 1 µm wide, branched-anastomosed, not capitated. Asci cylindrical, 8 - spored, widened apically, KI-; epiplasm I, KI + orange color, 58 – 73 × 6.5 – 8 µm. Ascospores brown, 1 - septate, not constricted in the septum, with obtuse apex or, more frequently, slightly papillate in the apex, with a large oil guttule by cell, rarely two, with ornamented surface, striate around parallely to the long axe, (7.5 –) 8 – 9 (– 11) × 4.5 – 5.5 µm, without sheath when young. Host and distribution: It is known only from Terceira where it has been collected in two localities on Hypotrachyna rockii. Discussion: The most similar described species is D. micropunctum Etayo (2017: 176), reported on Parmotrema from Ecuador. This has larger spores 10.5 – 15 × 4 – 6 μm with not striate but verruculose surface. Its habitus is also different, D. micropunctum has perithecia completely sunken in the host thallus and they are difficult to see, while in D. azorica perithecia are more visible and intermixed with young or poorly developed ones. Furthermore, D. azorica has ascomata covered by thin and brown hyphae, K + greenish black. Polycoccum montis-wilhelmii Diederich in Aptroot et. al. (1997: 141), whose type was also collected on Hypotrachyna, is distinguished by its shorter and wider asci, 47 – 60 × 12 – 15 µm and larger ascospores 14.5 – 16 × 6.5 – 7 µm, with verruculose surface and with a thin sheath amongst other differences. Finally, Didymocyrtis melanelixiae has also been recorded on Hypotrachyna from UK (ERTZ et al. 2015). This species differs from D. azorica in its larger perithecia (200 – 250 µm diam.), larger asci (70 – 100 x 7.5 – 10.5 µm and larger spores (11.5 – 15 x 4 – 5.5 µm) that are (1 –) 2 (– 3) septate with verruculose ornamentation (ERTZ et al. 2015). Additional studied specimens: PORTUGAL. The Azores: Terceira, Malha Grande, trail Rocha do Chambre, cresta ventosa, on Hypotrachyna rockii on big Erica azorica, 510 m, 38 º 45 ’ 02 ’’ N, 27 º 15 ’ 08 ’’ W, 24 July 2017, J. Etayo 31009 (hb. Etayo).	en	Etayo, J., Pino-Bodas, R. (2021): Notes on lichenicolous Pleosporales, with two new species, Didymocyrtis azorica and Pseudopyrenidium epipertusariae (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 494 (1): 75-88, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.494.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.494.1.4
