identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F987B6FFDBFF91FCEA109DFD6C6945.text	03F987B6FFDBFF91FCEA109DFD6C6945.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyris L.	<div><p>Key to the Malagasy species of Xyris</p><p>1 Keel of lateral sepals entire; bracts, leaf and stem bases pale or dark brown when dried ....................................... 2</p><p>1a. Keel of lateral sepals toothed, at least in the middle; bracts, leaf and stem bases always dark brown when dried ....... 5</p><p>2 Scape spirally twisted, base swollen, bulbous; leaves filiform, c. 1 mm wide............................................. X. labatii</p><p>2a. Scape straight, not twisted, base not swollen; leaves linear, more than 2 mm wide .......................................... 3</p><p>3. Bracts with a distinct sub-terminal, triangular or rhomboid mark; inflorescence broadly ovoid at anthesis, or rarely subspherical; plants perennial ........................................ 4</p><p>3a. Bracts without a distinct sub-terminal, triangular or rhomboid mark; inflorescence sub-spherical at anthesis; plants usually annual ................................................ X. capensis</p><p>4. Keel of lateral sepals not winged; bract apices conspicuously thickened, dark brown, somewhat recurved; plant less than 15 cm tall .......................................... X. humilis</p><p>4a. Keel of lateral sepals winged; bract apices not conspicuously thickened, light brown, not recurved; plant more than 25 cm tall .......................................................... X. anceps</p><p>5. Leaves large (0.6-0.8 cm); inflorescence c. 10 mm in diam., broadly ovate-elliptic, not elongating with age ................. ؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆؆. X. marojejyensis</p><p>5a. Leaves narrow (&lt;0.3 cm); inflorescence &lt;6 mm in diam., sub-orbicular or ovate, becoming distinctly elongated with age................................................................................... 6</p><p>6. Leaves 40-75 × 0.3 cm; inflorescence ovoid-cylindrical, c. 2 cm long at anthesis .................................... X. baronii</p><p>6a. Leaves 20-40 × 0.15-0.2 cm; inflorescence ellipsoid, c. 1 cm long at anthesis................................ X. congensis</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F987B6FFDBFF91FCEA109DFD6C6945	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rakotonirina, Nivo;Callmander, Martin W.;Phillipson, Peter B.;Lock, J. Michael	Rakotonirina, Nivo, Callmander, Martin W., Phillipson, Peter B., Lock, J. Michael (2014): Two new species of Xyris L. (Xyridaceae) endemic to Madagascar with a key to the Malagasy species. Candollea 69 (2): 171-178, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v692a9
03F987B6FFD8FF91FFA3113CFA466AE5.text	03F987B6FFD8FF91FFA3113CFA466AE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyris marojejyensis Lock, Rakoton., Callm. & Phillipson 2014	<div><p>Xyris marojejyensis Lock, Rakoton., Callm. &amp; Phillipson, spec. nova (Fig. 1).</p><p>Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Sommet oriental du massif de Marojejy (NE) à l’W de la haute Manantenina, affluent de la Lokoho, [14°25’48”S 49°43’ 48”E], 1850-2137 m, fl., 17-20.XII.1948, Humbert &amp; Capuron 22770 (holo-: P [P00730642]!; iso-: BR!, G [G00406221]!, K!, MO!, P [P00730640]!, TAN!).</p><p>Haec species a congeneris madagascariensibus caule robusto, foliis ca. 8 mm latis, inflorescentia nitida in vetustate non elongata atque bractis fertilibus grandibus (ca. 10 × 8 mm) distinguitur.</p><p>Large perennial herb to 1 m. Leaves up to 35 × 0.6-0.8 cm; sheaths 5-6 cm long, weakly ridged; ligule c. 2 mm long, rounded, brown-hyaline; lamina up to 35 cm long and 0.8 cm wide, flat, thickened and coriaceous, smooth, slightly asymmetric and blunt at the apex, margins thickened. Scapes terete up to 70 cm tall and 3 mm in diam., with a single deflexedpubescent longitudinal ridge. Inflorescences broadly ellipsoid, c. 10 mm in diam. Lowest pair of sterile bracts broadly ovate to orbicular, c. 4 × 4 mm, glossy brown, rounded at the apex; upper sterile bracts, 4-6, similar but larger; fertile bracts, 6-8, broadly ovate-elliptic, c. 10 × 8 mm, glossy brown, slightly darker towards the rounded or retuse-mucronate apex, lacking a dorsal mark, concave, smooth. Flower lateral sepals slightly curved, strongly keeled c. 8 × 0.6 mm, very pale brown, much darker on the keel, the keel spinose-pubescent, particularly towards the middle. Petals suborbicular, c. 1 cm in diam., yellow. Staminodia not present. Stamens 3, alternating with the petals, epipetalous; anthers sessile, linearc. 4 x 1 mm, with a longitudinal dehiscence. Ovary obovate, c. 5.5 × 1.9 mm, brown. Style 3-branched, the branches capitate at the apex. Young fruit ovoid, 0.5 × 0.2 mm, brown, glabrous. Seeds ovoid 0.1 × 0.03 mm, brown, glabrous.</p><p>Distribution and ecology. – Xyris marojejyensis is known only from between 1300 to 2100 m in the Marojejy massif in north-eastern Madagascar, growing in ericoid shrubland on substrates derived from gneiss and quartzite (Fig. 2).</p><p>Notes. – The large size of its leaves and bracts, and the shape of its scapes and flowers easily distinguished X. marojejyensis from its Malagasy congeners. The new species can be distinguished from the other larger species occurring in Madagascar, X. baronii and X. congensis, most easily in the case of the former by the shape of its scapes (terete vs. ovoidfusiform in X. baronii) and dimensions of its bracts (c. 10 × 8 vs. 4-5 × 0.5 mm in X. baronii), and from the latter by the broader leaves (0.6-0.8 vs. 0.15-0.3 cm in X. congensis) and corolla (1 cm. in diam. vs. 0.35 cm in diam. in X. congensis).</p><p>Conservation status. – With an EOO of 398 km ², and an AOO of 63 km ² and three known subpopulations all occurring in a Protected Area (Marojejy), X. marojejyensis is assigned a preliminary status of Least Concern [LC] due to its distribution at high elevation in a non-threatened habitat.</p><p>Paratypi. – MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Sommet du Marojejy, [14°25’48”S 49°43’48”E], 29.III.1947, Cours 3537 (P [P01640932], TAN); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.733334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.258333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.733334/lat -14.258333)">Vallée inférieure de l’Androranga</a>, affluent de la Bemarivo (NE), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.733334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.258333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.733334/lat -14.258333)">aux env. d’Antongondriha</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.733334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.258333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.733334/lat -14.258333)">massif de Betsomanga</a>, [14°15’30”S 49°44’00”E], 1300-1950 m, 17-20.XI.1950, Humbert &amp; Capuron 24333 (P [P01640952]); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.841667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.841667/lat -14.5)">Vallée de la Lokoho (NE)</a>, Mt Beondroka au N de Maroambihy, [14°30’00”S 49°50’30”E], 1400-1450 m, 17-22.III.1949, Humbert &amp; Capuron 23618 (G, K, MO, P [P00853045],); ibid. loc., Humbert &amp; Capuron 23621 (P [P0073 0621]); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.716667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.433333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.716667/lat -14.433333)">Along the trail to the summit of Marojejy E</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.716667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.433333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.716667/lat -14.433333)">NW of Mandena</a>, 14°26’S 49°43’E, 1900-2133 m, 15.II.1989, Miller &amp; Lowry 4153 (MO, P [P00853038], TAN); Massif de Marojejy, [14°25’40”S 49°43’48”E], 2000-2137 m, XI.1972, Morat 4081 (P [P00853037]); ibid. loc., 10.5 km NW of Manantenina, along tributary at head of Andranomifototra river, 14°26’24”S 49°44’30”E, 1625 m, 4-13.XI. 1996, Rakotomalaza &amp; al. 869 (MO); ibid. loc., partie SW, 14°28’S- 14°37’S 49°33’E-49°42’E, 1295-1620 m, 12.V.1989, Randrianasolo 16 (MO); ibid. loc., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.716667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.433333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.716667/lat -14.433333)">above Manentinina Village</a>, 14°26’S 49°43’E, 1600-2137 m, 28.III.1990, Randrianasolo 139 (MO, P [P00730622], TAN); ibid. loc., 14°25’45”S 49°42’30”E, 1672 m, 9.III.1994, Rasoavimbahoaka &amp; al. 161 (MO, P [P00730624], TAN); ibid. loc., au sommet de Marojejy, 14°26’50”S 49°43’57”E, 2132 m, 23- 24.III.1995, Rasoavimbahoaka &amp; al. 520 (MO, P [P00730623], TAN).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F987B6FFD8FF91FFA3113CFA466AE5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rakotonirina, Nivo;Callmander, Martin W.;Phillipson, Peter B.;Lock, J. Michael	Rakotonirina, Nivo, Callmander, Martin W., Phillipson, Peter B., Lock, J. Michael (2014): Two new species of Xyris L. (Xyridaceae) endemic to Madagascar with a key to the Malagasy species. Candollea 69 (2): 171-178, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v692a9
03F987B6FFDEFF94FFA310C2FEA06918.text	03F987B6FFDEFF94FFA310C2FEA06918.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyris labatii Rakoton., Callm. & Phillipson 2014	<div><p>Xyris labatii Rakoton., Callm. &amp; Phillipson, spec. nova (Fig. 3, 4).</p><p>Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antananarivo: Ambatofinandrahana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.566944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.589445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.566944/lat -20.589445)">massif de l’Itremo</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.566944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.589445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.566944/lat -20.589445)">Atsirakambiaty</a>, 20°35’22”S 46°34’01”E, 1680 m, 27.III.1999, fl., Labat 3050 (holo-: P [P00160157]!; iso-: G [G00341191]!, K, MO!, TAN!).</p><p>Haec species a congeneris madagascariensibus caule e base tumida orto, foliis filiformibus, caulibus scapisque spiraliter tortis atque seminibus obovoideis distinguitur.</p><p>Clumped perennial herb, tufted (10-) 20-50 cm. Stem spirally twisted, from the bulbous base to the shoot. Leaves up to 23 × 0.1 cm; sheaths (0.4-) 1-5 cm long, ridged, ligule c. 1 mm, slightly acute, brown-hyaline; blades filiform and coriaceous, strigillose, symmetric and aristate at the apex, margins thickened. Scapes up to (1-)8-28 × 0.1 cm, terete. Inflorescences ellipsoid, c. 0.3-0.6 × (3-) 0.5-0.6 cm, red-brown. Sterile bracts, 2-6, obovate, glossy brown, rounded to acute at the apex; fertile bracts ovate-elliptic c. 0.6 × 0.3 cm, apex acute, concave, smooth glossy brown, hyaline towards the margins, sometimes erose. Flower with lateral sepals c. 1.3 × 0.4 cm, slightly curved, keeled, hyaline and darker on the keel, smooth. Petals obovate, c. 0.1 × 0.08 cm yellow. Stamens 3, anther sessile, linear-shaped, c. 1.2 × 0.2 mm, epipetalous. Ovary obovate c. 3 × 1.2 mm, brown. Style 3-branched, 1.2 mm long; stigma twisted, 2.4 mm long. Fruits obovate, 2 × 1.5 mm, glabrous, with a longitudinal dark-brown dehiscence groove. Seeds obovoid, 0.3 × 0.2 mm, dark brown</p><p>Distribution and ecology. – Xyris labatii is known from the central highlands of Madagascar, in the Amoron’i Mania, Vakinankaratra and Haute Matsiatra regions. It grows on rocky areas, often on quartzite from 1200 to 2500 m (Fig. 2).</p><p>Etymology. – The species epithet honours our friend and colleague, Jean-Noël Labat (1959-2011) who disappeared too soon. Jean-Noël collected the type specimen and as is often the case, he made a useful photograph to accompany his excellent collection.</p><p>Notes. – Xyris labatii can be recognized by its bulbous stem bases and its twisted leaves and scapes. It is similar to X. humilis, which also occurs in the central highlands of Madagascar, but the new species can be distinguished by its filiform leaves (vs. very narrowly linear in X. humilis) (8-23 × 0.1 cm vs. 3-5 × 0.1-0.2 cm).</p><p>Conservation status. – With an EOO of 12,460 km ², and an AOO of 153 km ² and eleven subpopulations, two of which are in the protected area network (Andringitra), X labatii is assigned a preliminary status of “Least Concern” (LC) following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2012)</p><p>Paratypi. – MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antananarivo: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.00639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.09" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.00639/lat -20.09)">Mont Ibity</a>, c. 27 km SW of Antsirabe, 20°05’24”S 47°00’23”E, 1840-1890 m, 15.III.2004, Almeda 8706 (CAS, TAN); Antsirabe, Beapombo, à 400 m avant d’arriver au sommet d’Ibity, 20°04’58”S 47°00’37”E, 2170 m, 5.II.2003, Andriamihajarivo 103 (MO, P [P00853040], TAN); ibid. loc., 20°10’S 47°03’E, 1300-1800 m, 6.III.1985, Dorr &amp; al. 3853 (MO, P [P01641000]); ibid. loc., 20°07’00”S 47°01’00”E, 24.XII.1965, Peltier 2127 (P [P01640947]); Mahasoa à Ambohimasina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.85/lat -19.833334)">Betafo</a>, [19°50’S 46°51’E], III.1976, A. Rakotozafy 1736 (TAN); Hauts-plateaux, env. à 15 km à l’W de Arivonimamo (entre Arivonimamo et Soamahamanina, 60 km à l’W de Antananarivo), 18°54’43”S 47°05’21”E, 1260 m, 23.I.2000, Raynal-Roques &amp; Jérémie 24816 (G, K, MO, P [P00853043], TAN, WAG); ibid. loc, 20°05’33”S 47°00’14”E, 2080 m, 16.II.2003, Schatz &amp; al. 4075 (MO); ibid. loc., 20°04’10”S 47°00’16”E, 1700 m, 17.II.2003, Schatz &amp; al. 4130 (MO, P, TAN). Prov. Fianarantsoa: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.573887&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.577501" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.573887/lat -20.577501)">Sommet très rocheux (quartzitique) à l’E d’Antsirakambiaty</a>, à l’W d’Ambatoandrano, 20°34’39”S 46°34’26”E, 1681 m, 18.IV.2003, Andriamihajarivo 179 (MO, P, TAN); 10 km W of Ivato on route #35, [20°34’30”S 46°37’30”E], 1500-1685 m, 27.I.1975, Croat 29532 (MO, P [P01640906], TAN); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.625/lat -20.575)">Vicinity of col de Itremo</a>, [20°34’30”S 46°37’30”E], 1500-1685 m, 27.I.1975, Croat 29830 (MO, TAN); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.8/lat -20.55)">Env. d’Ambatofinandrahana</a>, [20°33’S 46°48’E], 1600-1800 m, 19.II.1938, Decary 12993 (P [P00853042]) ; ibid. loc., Decary 13090 (P [P00853041]); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.883335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.883335/lat -22.183332)">Mt Boby</a>, [22°11’S 46°53’E], 20. III.1945, Homolle 1209 (P [P01924015]) ; ibid. loc., Homolle 1201 (P [P01924014], TAN); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.916668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.916668/lat -22.2)">Massif de l’Andringitra</a> (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.916668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.916668/lat -22.2)">Iratsy</a>), vallées de la Riambava et de l’Antsifotra et montagnes environnante, [22°12’S 46°55’E], 2000- 2500 m, 27. XI.1924, Humbert 3890 (P [P01640921, P01640957]) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.625/lat -20.575)">Massif de l’Itremo</a>, W of Ambatofinandrahana: Montagnes à l’W (W Betsileo), [20°34’30”S 46°37’30”E], 1500-1700 m, 17-22. I. &amp; 18- 22.IV.1955, Humbert 28325 (P [P019524021]) ; ibid. loc., Humbert 29893 (P [P01640936]); ibid. loc., Humbert 29936 (G, K, MO, P [P00730639, P00730641], TAN, WAG); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.8/lat -20.55)">Route Ambositra</a> à Ambatofinandrahana sur rocher après l’embranchement d’Ivato, 20°33’S 46°48’E, III.1960, Keraudren 158 (P [P01640896]) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.583332/lat -20.6)">Itremo mountain</a>, c. 1 km below the highest point of the road, 20°36’S 46°35’E, 1600 m, fl., 17. III.1995, Lye, Arnstein &amp; Ranaivojaona 20894 (TAN) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.593056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.56611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.593056/lat -20.56611)">Itremo</a> massif, W of Ambatofinandrahana, along road to Col d’Itremo, ca. 2 km before (NE of) bridge over Ambalarangolana creek, 20°33’58”S 46°35’35”E, 1450 m, 10.XI.2002, Lowry &amp; al. 5914 (MO, TAN) ; ibid. loc., 20°40’S 46°35’E, 1600 m, fl., 23. III.1971, Mabberley 780 (K, TAN); ibid. loc., [20°37’S 47°12’E], 24.XII.1965, Peltier 5612 (P [P0164927]); ibid. loc., 20°36’45”S 46°35’05”E, 1650 m, 14. III.1992, Phillipson, Clement &amp; Rafamantananantsoa 3889 (MO, TAN); ibid. loc., inselberg à 11,7 km <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.12833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.6625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.12833/lat -20.6625)">d’Ivato</a> vers la route d’Ambatofinandrahana, et c. 4 km avant le village d’Anjoman’ Ankona, 20°39’45”S 47°07’42”E, 1500 m, fl., 24. III.2010, Rakotoarivelo &amp; al. 330 (MO, P, TAN) ; ibid. loc., about <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.581944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.559721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.581944/lat -20.559721)">6 km NW of Itremo</a>, 20°33’35”S 46°34’55”E, 1333 m, 9.II.2009, Rakotoarisoa 628 (K, MO, P, TAN) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F987B6FFDEFF94FFA310C2FEA06918	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rakotonirina, Nivo;Callmander, Martin W.;Phillipson, Peter B.;Lock, J. Michael	Rakotonirina, Nivo, Callmander, Martin W., Phillipson, Peter B., Lock, J. Michael (2014): Two new species of Xyris L. (Xyridaceae) endemic to Madagascar with a key to the Malagasy species. Candollea 69 (2): 171-178, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v692a9
