identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F9834FFF83FFD8FF6FFF21FBF5BBF9.text	03F9834FFF83FFD8FF6FFF21FBF5BBF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phoreiobothrium jahki	<div><p>Phoreiobothrium jahki n. sp.</p><p>(Figs. 1, 2)</p><p>Type host. Rhizoprionodon cf. acutus 3 (sensu Naylor et al. 2012b) ( Carcharhiniformes, Carcharhinidae).</p><p>Type locality. South China Sea off Sarawak, Malaysia, Borneo (02°49'01.20"N, 110°52'47.16"E).</p><p>Date of collection. 20 April 2004.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (MZUM [P] No. 2015.1[H]; whole mount of immature worm) and 1 paratype (MZUM [P] No. 2015.2[P]; whole mount of immature worm); 1 paratype (SBC No. P-00067; whole mount of immature worm); 4 paratypes (USNM Nos. 1283353–1283356; whole mounts of 4 immature worms); 7 paratypes (LRP Nos. 8743–8749; whole mounts of 4 incomplete worms and 3 whole-mounted SEM strobilar vouchers). Scoleces examined with SEM retained at the University of Connecticut and the University of Kansas.</p><p>Site of infection. Spiral intestine.</p><p>Etymology. This species honors Joseph (Jahk) Baer who, through the generosity of his mother Jennifer, now has a tapeworm to call his very own.</p><p>Description. (Based on 11 whole mounts of immature worms, and 3 immature worms prepared for SEM with their strobilar vouchers). Worms 4.4–7.8 (5.5 ± 1.1; 7) mm long, euapolytic or possibly hyperapolytic, greatest width 174–311 (215 ± 56; 5) generally at level of posterior proglottid; 29–41 (35 ± 4; 7) proglottids per worm. Scolex consisting of scolex proper bearing 4 essentially rectangular bothridia and cephalic peduncle, 152–173 (164 ± 8; 10) wide at level of hooks. Bothridia 164–196 (179 ± 10; 20; 10) long by 97–125 (110 ± 9; 20; 11) wide; each bearing anterior muscular pad in form of loculus, 1 pair of hooks, and post-hook region divided into subequal anterior and posterior loculi. Muscular pad 24–48 (33 ± 6; 16; 9) long, anterior margin without papillae. Anterior loculus conspicuously longer than posterior loculus, 111–152 (128 ± 10; 19; 10) long, posterior margin bearing numerous papillae-like projections; posterior loculus shallowly obovoid in form, 36–63 (50 ± 7; 22; 11) long, subdivided into 10–15 (12 ± 2; 20; 10) subloculi; subloculi 8–15 (11 ± 2; 33; 11) wide, medial subloculi substantially longer than lateral subloculi; boundary between anterior and posterior loculi with double septum (Figure 2 B). Hooks tri-pronged, each with blunt talon embedded in musculature of scolex; prongs unequal in length, hollow, covered with thin layer of tissue; accessory piece between bases of hooks in a pair absent. Lateral hook measurements: A 32–39 (36 ± 3; 7), B 30–41 (36 ± 4; 7), C 22–29 (27 ± 2; 7), D 35–48 (41 ± 5; 7), E 18–23 (21 ± 2; 7), F 14–19 (17 ± 2; 7); medial hook measurements: A' 32–46 (38 ± 4; 14; 11), B' 32–45 (40 ± 5; 14; 11), C' 24–37 (31 ± 3; 14; 11), D' 40–58 (50 ± 6; 14; 11), E' 18–31 (23 ± 3; 14; 11), F' 14–19 (17 ± 2; 14; 11); lateral and medial hooks approximately equal in length. Cephalic peduncle 659–1,164 (919 ± 138.5; 11) long, with inconspicuous posterior margin.</p><p>Apex of scolex proper, muscular pad, and proximal (Figure 2 E) and distal bothridial (Figure 2 F) surfaces covered with papilliform filitriches only. Cephalic peduncle covered with acicular filitriches and large gladiate spinitriches (Figure 2 D). Strobila covered with capilliform filitriches and sparsely arranged large gladiate spinitriches decreasing in density posteriorly.</p><p>Proglottids acraspedote. Immature proglottids 29–41 (35 ± 4; 7) in number, initially wider than long, becoming longer than wide with maturity; posterior-most immature proglottid 271–1,146 (639 ± 274; 8) long by 168–311 (211 ± 54; 7) wide. Mature and gravid proglottids not observed. Testes 72–163 (110 ± 33; 8; 4) in number, of these 8–18 (12 ± 4; 7; 4) in postvaginal poral field, elongate oval to round, 13–23 (18 ± 4; 9; 3) long by 12-42 (30 ± 8; 9; 3) wide, 1 layer deep in cross section, extending from anterior of proglottid to anterior margin of ovary, in 4–6 irregular columns anterior to cirrus sac. Vas deferens minimal, coiling at antero-medial margin of cirrus sac, entering cirrus sac at its antero-medial margin. Cirrus sac bent anteriorly, oblong, 77–107 (87 ± 14; 4) long by 23– 30 (27 ± 3; 5) wide, containing coiled cirrus; cirrus armed with spinitriches. Genital pores marginal, irregular alternating, 39–57 (47 ± 7; 6) % of proglottid length from posterior end. Vagina weakly sinuous, extending along midline of proglottid from ootype region to anterior margin of cirrus sac, then laterally along anterior margin of cirrus sac, opening into common genital atrium anterior to cirrus sac. Ovary near posterior margin of proglottid, Hshaped in frontal view, bilobed in cross section, lobulated, essentially symmetrical, 89–305 (185 ± 84; 5) long by 105–171 (131 ± 35; 3) wide. Mehlis’ gland posterior to ovarian isthmus. Vitellarium follicular, in 2 lateral bands; each band consisting of 1 dorsal and 1 ventral column of follicles, extending from near anterior margin of Remarks. Phoreiobothrium jahki n. sp. is easily distinguished from the 11 valid members of the genus based on the unique presence of a shallowly obovoid posterior loculus in which the medial subloculi are conspicuously longer than the lateral subloculi. Furthermore, it possesses tri-pronged, rather than bi-pronged, hooks as seen in P. manieri Caira, Healy &amp; Swanson, 1996, and basal prongs that are well developed, rather than extremely reduced, as in P. exceptum Linton, 1924, P. lewinense Caira, Richmond &amp; Swanson, 2005 and P. puriensis Srivastav &amp; Capoor, 1982 . Unlike those of P. anticaporum Caira, Richmond &amp; Swanson, 2005, the genital pores are positioned in the middle, rather than at the extreme anterior margin of the proglottids (39–57 vs. 85–95% of proglottid length from posterior end). The anterior margin of its muscular pad (pre-hook region of Caira et al. 2005) lacks, rather than possesses, 4–5 small, muscular papillae as seen in P. perilocrocodilus Caira, Richmond &amp; Swanson, 2005 . The number of subloculi distinguishes P. j a hk i n. sp. from an additional four species: it has a greater number of subloculi than P. pectinatum Linton, 1924 (10–15 vs. 6–7) but fewer than P. blissorum Caira, Richmond &amp; Swanson, 2005, P. lasium Linton, 1889 (as redescribed by Caira et al. 2005) and P. robertsoni Caira, Richmond &amp; Swanson, 2005 (10–15 vs. 23–31, 25–30 and 25–29, respectively). Phoreiobothrium jahki n. sp. further differs from P. tiburonis Cheung, Nigrelli &amp; Ruggieri, 1982 (as redescribed by Caira et al. 2005) in its possession of smaller hooks (e.g., B 30–41 vs. 40–60, C 22–20 vs. 35–53); these species also differ in that whereas fully mature proglottids were never seen on the strobila of the new species, P. tiburonis bears 1–3 on the strobila. In their original description of this species Cheung et al. (1982) even reported seeing eggs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F9834FFF83FFD8FF6FFF21FBF5BBF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caira, J. N.;Jensen, K.	Caira, J. N., Jensen, K. (2015): Insights on the identities of sharks of the Rhizoprionodon acutus (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhiniformes) species complex based on three new species of Phoreiobothrium (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea). Zootaxa 4059 (2): 335-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4059.2.5
03F9834FFF85FFDBFF6FF93CFE31BB6C.text	03F9834FFF85FFDBFF6FF93CFE31BB6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phoreiobothrium nadiae	<div><p>Phoreiobothrium nadiae n. sp.</p><p>(Figs. 3, 4)</p><p>Type host. Rhizoprionodon cf. acutus 1 (sensu Naylor et al. 2012b) ( Carcharhiniformes, Carcharhinidae). Type locality. Eastern Atlantic Ocean off Ouakam, Senegal (14°42'54"N, 17°29'28"W).</p><p>Additional localities. Eastern Atlantic Ocean off Soumbédioune, Senegal (14°40'42"N, 17°27'42"W). Date of collection (holotype). 11 January 2003.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (MNHN No. HEL 547; whole mount of mature worm) and 1 paratype (MNHN No.</p><p>HEL 548; whole mount of 1 mature worm); 3 paratypes (USNM Nos. 1283350–1283352; whole mounts of 1 mature and 2 immature worms); 4 paratypes (LRP Nos. 8750–8753; whole mounts of 1 mature, 1 immature, 1 incomplete worm, and whole-mounted SEM strobilar voucher). Scolex examined with SEM retained at the University of Kansas.</p><p>Site of infection. Spiral intestine.</p><p>Etymology. This species honors the senior author’s sister Nadia in recognition of her excellence in the field and able assistance with some of our very first discoveries of tapeworm novelty.</p><p>Description. (Based on 8 whole mounts [4 mature and 4 immature or incomplete worms], and 1 mature worm prepared for SEM with its strobilar voucher). Worms 4.7–7.9 (6.2 ± 1.4; 4) mm long, euapolytic, greatest width 226–335 (283 ± 38; 6) at level of posterior proglottid; 20–36 (28 ± 6; 7) proglottids per worm. Scolex consisting of scolex proper bearing 4 rectangular bothridia and cephalic peduncle, 222–330 (257 ± 34; 8) wide at level of hooks. Bothridia 237–277 (250 ± 11; 16; 8) long by 163–193 (180 ± 12; 7; 5); each bearing anterior muscular pad in form of loculus, 1 pair of hooks, and post-hook region divided by horizontal septum into subequal anterior and posterior loculi. Muscular pad 48–60 (52 ± 5; 11; 6) long, anterior margin without papillae. Anterior loculus conspicuously longer than posterior loculus, 194–232 (212 ±13; 16; 8) long, posterior margin with few papillae-like projections; posterior loculus depressed obovoid in form, 27–39 (32 ± 4; 16; 8) long, subdivided into 18–28 (23 ± 3; 9; 6) subloculi; subloculi 5–9 (8 ± 1; 24; 8) wide, gradually decreasing in length towards medial and lateral edges of posterior loculus; boundary between anterior and posterior loculus with double septum (Figure 4 B). Hooks tripronged, each with blunt talon embedded in musculature of scolex; prongs unequal in length, hollow, covered with thin layer of tissue; accessory piece between hook bases absent. Lateral hook measurements: A 47–53 (49 ± 3; 5), B 37–53 (45 ± 7; 4), C 41–51 (45 ± 4; 6), D 63–97 (74 ± 14; 5), E 22–33 (28 ± 4; 6), F 24–33 (27 ± 3; 7); medial hook measurements: A’ 47–58 (53 ± 4; 8; 7), B’ 46–61 (52 ± 5; 9; 7), C’ 34–50 (46 ± 6; 8; 7), D’ 43–85 (65 ± 15; 8; 7), E’ 26–31 (28 ± 2; 9; 7), F’ 29–32 (31 ± 1; 7; 6); lateral and medial hooks approximately equal in length. Cephalic peduncle 375–579 (515 ± 71; 8) long, with inconspicuous posterior margin.</p><p>Apex of scolex proper, muscular pad and distal bothridial surfaces (Figure 4 F) covered with papilliform filitriches only. Proximal bothridial surfaces covered with papilliform filitriches and sparsely arranged, small gladiate spinitriches (Figure 4 E). Cephalic peduncle covered with acicular filitriches and large gladiate spinitriches (Figure 4 D). Strobila covered with capilliform filitriches and sparsely arranged large gladiate spinitriches decreasing in density posteriorly.</p><p>Proglottids acraspedote. Immature proglottids 20–34 (28 ± 6; 4) in number, initially wider than long, becoming longer than wide with maturity; posterior-most immature proglottid 439–699 (586 ± 96; 8) long by 267–314 (293 ± 22; 6) wide. Mature proglottids 1–3 (2 ± 1; 5) in number, 702–1,399 (1,032 ± 294; 5) long by 292–341 (317 ± 23; 4) wide, ratio of length to width 2.1–4.7:1 (3.4 ± 1.3; 4). Gravid proglottids not observed. Testes 54–64 (60 ± 2; 7) in number, of these 7–11 (9 ± 1; 7) in postvaginal poral field, elongate oval to round, 20–49 (35 ± 9; 15; 5) long by 46–66 (58 ± 9; 9; 3) wide, 1 layer deep in cross section, extending from anterior of proglottid to anterior margin of ovary, in 4–5 irregular columns anterior to cirrus sac. Vas deferens minimal, coiling at antero-medial margin of cirrus sac, entering cirrus sac at its antero-medial margin. Cirrus sac bent anteriorly, oblong, 129–146 (139 ± 3.5; 3) long by 39–66 (50 ± 31; 4) wide, containing coiled cirrus; cirrus armed with spinitriches. Genital pores marginal, irregular alternating, 43–48 (46 ± 2; 5) % of proglottid length from posterior end. Vagina weakly sinuous, extending along midline of proglottid from ootype region to anterior margin of cirrus sac, then laterally along anterior margin of cirrus sac, opening into common genital atrium anterior to cirrus sac. Ovary near posterior margin of proglottid, H-shaped in frontal view, bilobed in cross section, lobulated, essentially symmetrical, 170– 303 (247 ± 54; 5) long by 150–282 (202 ± 25; 4) wide. Mehlis’ gland posterior to ovarian isthmus. Vitellarium follicular, in 2 lateral bands; each band consisting of 1 dorsal and 1 ventral column of follicles, extending from near anterior margin of proglottid to posterior margin, interrupted by cirrus sac on dorsal side, uninterrupted by ovary. Uterus ventral, medial, extending from ootype to stop 2 testis-lengths short of anterior margin of testicular field. Excretory ducts in 2 lateral pairs. Eggs not observed.</p><p>Remarks. Phoreiobothrium nadiae n. sp. is easily distinguished from P. manirei in possessing tri-pronged rather than bi-pronged hooks. It conspicuously differs from P. anticaporum in possessing genital pores positioned near the middle, rather than at the extreme anterior end, of the proglottids (43–48 vs. 85–95% of proglottid length from posterior end). Unlike P. perilocrocodilus, it lacks, rather than possesses, 4–5 small, muscular papillae on the anterior margin of muscular pad. It is easily distinguished from P. exceptum, P. lewinensis and P. purinsensis in possessing basal prongs that are well developed, rather than extremely reduced. Phoreiobothrium nadiae n. sp. has many fewer testes than P. blissorum, P. l a s i u m and P. robertsoni (54–64 vs. 103–127, 95–139 and 74–132, respectively). Its greater number of subloculi readily distinguishes it from P. pectinatum and P. tiburonis (18–28 vs. 6–7, 8–13, respectively). With respect to P. j ah k i, not only does it possess fewer testes (54–64 vs. 72–143), but its posterior loculus, although obovoid, is much shorter and bears a greater number of subloculi (18–28 vs. 10–15) than that of the former species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F9834FFF85FFDBFF6FF93CFE31BB6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caira, J. N.;Jensen, K.	Caira, J. N., Jensen, K. (2015): Insights on the identities of sharks of the Rhizoprionodon acutus (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhiniformes) species complex based on three new species of Phoreiobothrium (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea). Zootaxa 4059 (2): 335-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4059.2.5
03F9834FFF86FFD6FF6FF9EFFB51BE0D.text	03F9834FFF86FFD6FF6FF9EFFB51BE0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phoreiobothrium swaki	<div><p>Phoreiobothrium swaki n. sp.</p><p>(Figs. 5, 6)</p><p>Type host. Rhizoprionodon cf. acutus 2 (sensu Naylor et al. 2012b) ( Carcharhiniformes, Carcharhinidae).</p><p>Type locality. Gulf of Carpentaria off Weipa, Queensland, Australia (12°35'11"S, 141°42'34"E).</p><p>Additional localities. Fog Bay off Dundee Beach, Timor Sea, Northern Territory, Australia (12°45'33"S, 130°21'7"E).</p><p>Date of collection (holotype). 18 May 2004.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (QM No. G235021; whole mount of immature worm) and 1 paratype (QM No. G235020; whole mount of immature worm); 2 paratypes (USNM Nos. 1283357–1283358; whole mounts of 2 immature worms); 2 paratypes (LRP Nos. 8754–8755; whole mount of immature worm, and whole-mounted SEM strobilar voucher). Scolex examined with SEM retained at the University of Kansas.</p><p>Site of infection. Spiral intestine.</p><p>Etymology. This species honors Stephen (Swak) Baer who through a series of fortuitous circumstances now also has a tapeworm to call his very own.</p><p>Description. (Based on 5 whole mounts of immature worms, and 1 immature worm prepared for SEM with its strobilar voucher). Worms 4.2–4.9 (4.4 ± 0.3; 5) mm long, euapolytic or possibly hyperapolytic, greatest width 245–279 (264 ± 15; 4) at level of posterior proglottid; 22–39 (32 ± 7; 5) proglottids per worm. Scolex consisting of scolex proper bearing 4 rectangular bothridia and cephalic peduncle, 183–205 (194 ± 9; 4) wide at level of hooks. Bothridia 139–196 (175 ± 18; 8; 4) long by 96–118 (105 ± 8; 7; 4); each bearing anterior muscular pad in form of loculus, 1 pair of hooks, and post-hook region divided into subequal anterior and posterior loculi. Muscular pad 28–45 (36 ± 6; 9; 5) long, anterior margin without papillae. Anterior loculus conspicuously longer than posterior loculus, 117–145 (138 ± 10; 6; 4) long, posterior margin of anterior loculus bearing few papillae-like projections; posterior loculus horizontally oblong in form, 25–32 (27 ± 2; 8; 4) long, subdivided into 11–13 (13 ± 0.8; 6; 3) subloculi; subloculi 5–10 (8 ± 1; 13; 4) wide, approximately equal in length throughout posterior loculus; boundary between anterior and posterior loculus with double septum (Figure 6 B). Hooks tri-pronged, each with blunt talon embedded in musculature of scolex; prongs unequal in length, hollow, covered with thin layer of tissue; accessory piece between hook bases absent. Lateral hook measurements: A 30–51 (41 ± 8; 6; 5), B 36–48 (43 ± 5; 6; 5), C 26–34 (31 ± 3; 6; 5), D 36–66 (53 ± 11; 6; 5), E 17–25 (22 ± 3; 6; 5), F 12–19 (15 ± 3; 6; 5); medial hook measurements: A' 34–56 (48 ± 7; 7; 5), B' 38–58 (48 ± 8; 7; 5), C' 31–39 (35 ± 3; 7; 5), D' 44–71 (59 ± 10; 7; 5), E' 16–26 (21 ± 4; 7; 5), F' 10–19 (14 ± 3; 7; 5); lateral and medial hooks approximately equal in length. Cephalic peduncle 439–1,838 (1,160 ± 501; 5) long, with inconspicuous posterior margin.</p><p>Apex of scolex proper, muscular pad and distal bothridial surfaces (Figure 6 F) covered with papilliform filitriches only. Proximal bothridial surfaces covered with papilliform filitriches and sparsely arranged, small gladiate spinitriches (Figure 6 E). Cephalic peduncle covered with acicular filitriches and large gladiate spinitriches (Figure 6 D). Strobila covered with capilliform filitriches and sparsely arranged large gladiate spinitriches decreasing in density posteriorly.</p><p>Proglottids acraspedote. Immature proglottids 22–39 (32 ± 7; 5) in number, initially wider than long, becoming longer than wide with maturity; posterior-most immature proglottid 330–712 (473 ± 147; 5) long by 245–279 (264 ± 15; 4) wide. Mature and gravid proglottids not observed. Testes 55–68 (62 ± 5; 7; 4) in number, of these 4–7 (6 ± 1; 7; 4) in postvaginal poral field, elongate oval to round, 12–28 (17 ± 5; 15; 5) long by 20–55 (34 ± 10; 15; 5) wide, 1 layer deep in cross section, extending from anterior of proglottid to anterior margin of ovary, in 4–6 irregular columns anterior to cirrus sac. Vas deferens minimal, coiling at antero-medial margin of cirrus sac, entering cirrus sac at its antero-medial margin. Cirrus sac oblong, 89–107 (99 ± 8; 5) long by 24–31 (27 ± 3; 5) wide, containing coiled cirrus; cirrus armed with spinitriches. Genital pores marginal, irregular alternating, 46–52 (49 ± 3; 5) % of proglottid length from posterior end. Vagina weakly sinuous, extending along midline of proglottid from ootype region to anterior margin of cirrus sac, then laterally along anterior margin of cirrus sac, opening into common genital atrium anterior to cirrus sac. Ovary near posterior margin of proglottid, H-shaped in frontal view, bilobed in cross section, lobulated, essentially symmetrical, 115–221 (151 ± 43; 5) long by 159–181 (165 ± 11; 4) wide. Mehlis’ gland posterior to ovarian isthmus. Vitellarium follicular, in 2 lateral bands; each band consisting of 1 dorsal and 1 ventral column of follicles, extending from near anterior margin of proglottid to posterior margin, interrupted by cirrus sac on dorsal side, uninterrupted by ovary. Uterus ventral, medial, extending from ootype to stop 3–4 testis-lengths short of anterior margin of testicular field. Excretory ducts in 2 lateral pairs. Eggs not observed.</p><p>Remarks. Phoreiobothrium swaki n. sp. is easily distinguished from P. anticaporum in the position of its genital pores which are located approximately at the middle, rather than at the extreme anterior portion of the proglottids (46–57 vs. 85–95% of proglottid length from posterior end). Unlike the basal prongs of the hooks of P. exceptum, P. lewinensis and P. purinsensis, which are extremely reduced, those of this new species are well developed. Its possession of tri-pronged, rather than bi-pronged, hooks readily distinguishes it from P. manirei . Phoreiobothrium swaki n. sp. has a greater number of testes (53–68 vs. 36–49) than P. perilocrocodilus, and also lacks the 4–5 small, muscular papillae on the anterior margin of muscular pad seen in the latter species. This new species is a much smaller worm than P. blissorum, P. l a s i u m, P. pectinatum and P. robertsoni (3.2–4.9 mm vs. 13– 18.9, 11–25.6, 11–30 and 8.1–11.9 mm in total length, respectively). Its abaxial prongs are much less recurved than those of P. tiburonis, and whereas fully mature proglottids were never seen on the strobila of this new species, P. tiburonis bears 1–3 mature proglottids on the strobila—in fact, in their original description of this species Cheung et al. (1982) reported that in some cases gravid proglottids were retained on the strobila. With respect to the two other species found in members of the R. acutus complex, P. swaki n. sp. differs from P. j a hk i in that, rather than bearing a posterior loculus that is shallowly obovoid and thus medial subloculi that are substantially longer than the lateral subloculi, the posterior loculus of the new species bears subloculi of approximately the same length throughout. Unlike P. nadiae, which exhibits 1–3 mature proglottids on the strobila, mature proglottids of P. s w a k i n. sp. were not observed on any of the six worms examined. Moreover, P. s w ak i n. sp. possesses narrower bothridia (96–148 vs. 163–193) and a shorter anterior loculus (117–157 vs. 194–232) than P. nadiae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F9834FFF86FFD6FF6FF9EFFB51BE0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caira, J. N.;Jensen, K.	Caira, J. N., Jensen, K. (2015): Insights on the identities of sharks of the Rhizoprionodon acutus (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhiniformes) species complex based on three new species of Phoreiobothrium (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea). Zootaxa 4059 (2): 335-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4059.2.5
