taxonID	type	description	language	source
038687A9DB40FFF62182FA495F34FE50.taxon	description	According to Stafleu & Cowan (1985: 453), the Scopoli’s collection is deposited in the Herbaria LINN (set of plants received by Linnaeus), C (through M. Vahl), UPS, B (mainly destroyed), MPU (through Lapeyrouse), PAV, and possibly P. Unfortunately no specimens of P. holosteum that could be considered original material for this name were traced within these herbaria, so that the only original material available and usable for lectotypification purposes are the two illustrations provided by Bauhin and Cherler and cited by Scopoli (1772) in the protologue of the species. On the basis of the current knowledge on the morphological features of P. holosteum, just one (“ CORONOPVS SERPENTARIA omnium minima ”) out of the two available images could be identified as P. holosteum, whereas the 1 Moench (1794: 460) proposed his Plantago carinata as a new name for P. loeflingii Linnaeus (1753: 115) which was cited as synonym. Consequently, Moench’s name is superfluous and illegitimate (Art. 53.1). 2 Pourret (1788: 324) proposed Plantago gerardii for Gerard’s species n. 4 in Flora Gallo-Provincialis (Gerard 1761: 333, “ Plantago foliis lineari-lanceolatis, pubescentibus, spica subrotunda, nuda, scapo sub angulato, foliis longiore ”). The same Gerard’s polynomial was the basis for Chaix (1785: 72) to propose his P. argentea. other (” CORONOPVS MARITIMVS ”) in Bauhin & Cherler (1651: 511) is more properly referable to P. subulata. As a consequence, the “ CORONOPVS SERPENTARIA omnium minima ” illustration is here designated as lectotype of the name Plantago holosteum. According to the Art. 9.8 an epitype serving as an interpretative type, is here designated from a specimen deposited at HFLA (isoepitype: LJS 00899). The sheet bears four plants which belong to the same gathering. In Flora Carniolica no information is available about the possible sites of collection of P. holosteum. We have here designated the epitype using a specimen collected in the Planinsko polje / Planina, which is a locality included into the borders of the former Duchy of Carniola in the period when Scopoli was working for the second edition of Flora carniolica. The Planinsko polje is located close to the Carniolian city of Idria (Idrija in the current Slovenia), which is known to have been visited by Scopoli, as he himself reported in the Introduction of that Flora (“ Peregravi itaque ... Anno 1755 Montes et Sylvas Districtus Idriensis ”).	en	Iamonico, Duilio, Hassemer, Gustavo, Rønsted, Nina, Pietro, Romeo Di (2017): The intricate nomenclatural questions around Plantago holosteum (Plantaginaceae). Phytotaxa 306 (1): 75-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.306.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.306.1.6
038687A9DB43FFF62182FDE75D73FB37.taxon	description	We checked all the Plantago specimens preserved at RO (several packages) and found only one specimen (no. 39860) which could be relevant for typification. This specimen bears ten plants and two labels. Both labels report the same in Rolli’s handwriting: “ Plantago serpentina, all. | In elatioribus Lepinis | 28. Giugno 1852 | Herb H. Rolli ”. Obviously all ten plants on the sheet belong to the same gathering made in the Lepini mountains (Central Italy). Although the RO specimen was collected by Rolli in 1852 (thus before 1894, the year of publication of P. maritima var. apennina) in the Lepini mountains, the reference to the precise locality, mount Pizzone, is lacking. Accordingly we cannot be sure that this specimen represents original material and therefore we designate the specimen at RO as the neotype of the name Plantago maritima var. apennina here. On the basis of the morphological features of the neotype and the current wide specific circumscription in the narrow leaved plantains (see e. g., Charter & Cartier 1976, Pignatti 1982, Pedrol 2009) we here propose to synonymize (new synonymy) the names Plantago maritima var. apennina under P. holosteum.	en	Iamonico, Duilio, Hassemer, Gustavo, Rønsted, Nina, Pietro, Romeo Di (2017): The intricate nomenclatural questions around Plantago holosteum (Plantaginaceae). Phytotaxa 306 (1): 75-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.306.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.306.1.6
038687A9DB43FFF72182FB7E5CD8FA6C.taxon	description	1) “ Plantago foliis subulatis, triquetris, striatis, scabris, scapo terete. Linnaeus sp. plant. Pag. 166. N. 12 ”, which is the diagnosis of Plantago subulata by Linnaeus; 2) “ Serpentina Goritiensibus dista. Matthioli Comment. in Dioscor. Pag. 256. sub Coronopo. Lobel. observ. pag. 240. figura utraque, tum Advers. pag. 187 ”, which refers to both the ” Serpentina ” by Matthioli [1559: 296 (” 256 ” is probably an ortographic mistake), with an associated illustration available at https: // books. google. it / books? id = OGK 3 WyHq 8 iQC & pg = PA 296 & lpg = PA 296 & dq # v = o nepage & q & f = false], and the ” Coronopus silvestris ” by L’Obel [1591: 431 (” 240 ” is not the page, but an undefined number placed under the name), with an associated illustration available at http: // bibdigital. rjb. csic. es / ing / Libro. php? Libro = 4360 & Pagina = 447 (image on the left)]. L’Obel (l. c.) quoted Matthioli (1559); 3) “ Coronopus serpentina; Massiliensis; omnium minima; & Rainaudeti. Joh. Bauh. III. pag. 510. 511 ”, which refers to the following four polynomials published by Bauhin & Cherler (1651: 510 ‒ 511): ” CORONOPVS SERPENTINA ”, ” CORONOPVS MASSILIENSIS LOBELII Serpentina forte varietas ” [these two names are associated in Bauhin & Cherler (1651) with illustrations at http: // bibdigital. rjb. csic. es / ing / Libro. php? Libro = 4182 & Pagina = 722], ” CORONOPVS SERPENTARIA omnium minima ”, and ” CORONOPVS MARITIMVS Rainaudeti ” [the letter two names are associated in Bauhin & Cherler (1651) with illustrations at http: // bibdigital. rjb. csic. es / ing / Libro. php? Libro = 4182 & Pagina = 723]; 4) “ Plantago Holosteum. Scopoli. fl. carn. 2. T. I. pag. 108. N. 164 ”, which is the Scopoli’s species published in Flora Carniolica (Scopoli 1772: 108); 5) “ Plantago foliis subulatis triquetris rigidis, scapo tereti. N. 8. Item Plantago foliis subulatis nudis, spica oblonga. N. 9. Gerard. Galloprov. pag. 334 ”, which refers to two names published by Gerard (1761: 334 ‒ 335) in his Flora Gallo-Provincialis. 6) “ Plantago maritima tenuifolia. Zanichelli. Tab. 60? ”, which refers to Zanichelli [1785: 213, associated illustration no. 60 available at http: // bibdigital. rjb. csic. es / ing / Libro. php? Libro = 5547 & Pagina = 258). By the examination of the synonymy given by Wulfen (1787: 204), the following considerations can be made: a) Wulfen’s description of his Plantago subulata differs from the Linnaean’s description of P. subulata by two characters of leaves: “ foliis semicylindraceo ” (by Wulfen) vs. “ foliis subulatis ” (by Linnaeus), and “ foliis ... serrulato-ciliatis ” (by Wulfen) vs. “ foliis ... scabris ” (by Linnaeus); b) Wulfen’s description of his Plantago subulata includes the majority of the diagnosis of P. maritima L. (Linnaeus 1753: 114, “ PLANTAGO foliis semicylindraceis ... basi lanatis, scapo tereti ”). This is probably the reason that led Wulfen to add the Zanichelli’s “ Plantago maritima tenuifolia ”; c) Wulfen’s “ Plantago subulata ” includes the concept of at least two species. The first one is P. subulata L. since among the Wulfen’s synonyms there are: i) the direct citation of the Linnaean diagnosis (Linnaeus 1753: 115); ii) the aforementioned Gerard’s phrase (which is precisely the Linnaean diagnosis of P. subulata), and iii) the polynomials “ CORONOPVS MASSILIENSIS LOBELII ” 3, and “ CORONOPVS MARITIMVS Rainaudeti ” 4. The second is P. holosteum Scop. which is a currently accepted species. The polynomial “ CORONOPVS SERPENTARIA omnium minima ” (listed by Bauhin & Cherler 1651: 511) was previously cited by Bauhin (1623: 190) as a synonym of the ” Holosteum strictissimo folio minus ” which was published by L’Obel (1591) [the latter name cited also by Linnaeus (1753: 115) as synonym of P. subulata]. The same polynomial was listed by Scopoli (1772) as a synonym of his P. holosteum. The polynomial “ Coronopus silvestris ” (L’Obel 1591) and “ Serpentina ” (Matthioli 1559) are synonyms of “ Holosteum strictissimo folio majus ” in Bauhin (1623: 190) but the latter name was not cited in any of the Linnaean works. The identification of the plant pictures occurring in Bauhin & Cherler, Matthioli, and L’Obel has been made on the basis of the current concept in Plantago (see e. g., Charter & Cartier 1976, Pignatti 1982, Pedrol 2009). Only three, out of the six illustrations quoted by Wulfen (1787), can be ascribed to a Plantago name as follows: “ CORONOPVS MASSILIENSIS LOBELII ”, and “ CORONOPVS MARITIMVS Rainaudeti ” (Bauhin & Cherler 1651: 510) to P. subulata, while “ CORONOPVS SERPENTARIA omnium minima ” (Bauhin & Cherler 1651: 511) to P. holosteum (see discussion above under P. holosteum). On the other hand “ CORONOPVS SERPENTINA ” (Bauhin & Cherler 1651: 511) and the Matthioli’s and L’Obel’s images could not be ascribed with certainty to a single name. In fact both current concepts of P. serpentina and P. holosteum could be suitably associated to these illustrations but some important characters for the species identification (such as those concerning the inflorescence) are unclear. Wulfen (1787: 205) reported a long sentence: “ Specificum Serpentinae, ut Veteres, si eidem non dedi nomen, sed Plantaginis cum Linnaeo subulatae, id factum omnino, ne innovare viderer velle aliquid, & continuis hisce nominum permutationibus parum quidem tyronum consulere utilitati ”. This appears to indicate that Wulfen himself (1787) attributed the name Plantago subulata to Linnaeus. For this reason we have interpreted the name as “ Plantago subulata sensu Wulfen ”. On the basis of the morphological characters observable in Wulfen’s image, the current descriptions of the narrow leaved plantain species reported in some of the most important European floras (e. g., Charter & Cartier 1976, Pignatti 1982, Pedrol 1992) and the authors’ personal expert knowledge, Plantago subulata sensu Wulfen is to be referred to P. holosteum (relatively long leaves, absence of a dead leaf tuft at the base of the stem, and this latter bearing patent hairs).	en	Iamonico, Duilio, Hassemer, Gustavo, Rønsted, Nina, Pietro, Romeo Di (2017): The intricate nomenclatural questions around Plantago holosteum (Plantaginaceae). Phytotaxa 306 (1): 75-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.306.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.306.1.6
038687A9DB42FFF02182FA305E09FDE0.taxon	description	On the other hand, P. wulfenii Bernh. ex Willd. is probably to be addressed to a different type. In fact this name has always been referred to P. maritima s. l. [for example some recent checklists consider P. wulfenii by Willdenow as a synonyms of P. serpentina L. (see e. g., Kerguélen, 1999; Tela Botanica, 2000 sub P. maritima subsp. serpentina (All.) Arcang.)]. The protologue of Willdenow’s Plantago wulfenii consists of: i) a short diagnosis (“ P. [Plantago] foliis linearibus utrinque attenuatis planis trinerviis, scapo tereti ”), ii) the provenance (“ Habitat in Carinthia ”), iii) a 3 It is a synonym of ” Holosteum Massiliense ” by Bauhin (1623: 190), the latter name being cited by Linnaeus (1753: 115) as synonym of P. subulata. 4 It is one of the synonyms listed by Gerard (1761: 334) for the Linnaean’s diagnosis reported in Flora Gallo-Provincialis. comparison with P. recurvata Linnaeus (1771: 198) (a name proposed to be rejected by Di Pietro & Iamonico, 2014 a), and iv) the citation “ Plantago Wulfeni Bernhardi ” (Willdenow 1809: 161). An asterisk (“ * ”) was placed by Willdenow (l. c.) before the name P. wulfenii, indicating a species not listed by Linnaeus (l. c.). In the title of his work and the Prefatio (“ Ex plantis spontaneis, sullommodo re vera in hortum introductas recensui ”), Willdenow (l. c.) states his descriptions to be based on plants cultivated in the Botanical Garden of Berlin. There is a specimen deposited at B- W (Willdenow’s collection, B-W- 02972010) containing one plant and the following two original annotations: “ Hort. bot. Berol. W. ” [Horti Botanici Berolinensis Willdenow] (on the bottom-right-corner of the sheet), “ Pl. [Plantago] Wulfenii. W. [Willdenow] ” (on the top-right-corner of the sheet) which we consider part of the original material for P. wulfenii and thus eligible as lectotype, since no other original specimens were traced. On the basis of the current species concept in Plantago (see e. g., Charter & Cartier 1976, Pignatti 1982) the observation of some morphological characters present in the lectotype (long and flattish leaves with few teeth at the base of the blade and very long spikes) suggests to ascribe it to P. maritima.	en	Iamonico, Duilio, Hassemer, Gustavo, Rønsted, Nina, Pietro, Romeo Di (2017): The intricate nomenclatural questions around Plantago holosteum (Plantaginaceae). Phytotaxa 306 (1): 75-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.306.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.306.1.6
038687A9DB45FFF02182FD325DF3F980.taxon	description	= Plantago wulfenii Spreng. ≡ Plantago maritima var. wulfenii (Spreng.) Spreng. 5 ≡ Plantago gerardii Schult., nom. nov. pro. P. wulfenii Spreng., nom. superfl. et illeg. (Art. 53.1), and nom. illeg. non P. gerardii Pourr. (Art. 53.2). Lectotype (designated here): ― [Icon] Tab. 10 in Wulfen (1787). — Image of lectotype available at http: // bibdigital. rjb. csic. es / ing / Libro. php? Libro = 2804 & Pagina = 394 = Plantago carinata Schrad. ex Mert. & W. D. J. Koch, nom. nov. pro. P. subulata Wulfen, nom. superfl. et illeg. (Art. 53.1). = Plantago maritima var. apennina N. Terracc., syn. nov. Neotype (designated here): ― ITALY: Lazio. In elatioribus Lepinis, 28 June 1852, Rolli s. n. (RO- 39860!) (Fig. 2). – Plantago subulata sensu Wulfen, non P. subulata L. Plantago wulfenii Bernh. ex Willd., nom. illeg. non P. wulfenii Spreng. (1806: 54) (Art. 53.2). Lectotype (designated here): ― Hort. bot. Berol., s. d., Willdenow s. n. (B! [Digital image]). image of lectotype available at http: // ww 2. bgbm. org / Herbarium / specimen. cfm? Barcode = BW 02972010 = Plantago maritima L. Lectotype (designated by Patzak & Rechinger 1965: 6): Herb. LINN no. 114.17 (LINN! [Digital image]). Image of lectotype available at http: // linnean-online. org / 1882 /	en	Iamonico, Duilio, Hassemer, Gustavo, Rønsted, Nina, Pietro, Romeo Di (2017): The intricate nomenclatural questions around Plantago holosteum (Plantaginaceae). Phytotaxa 306 (1): 75-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.306.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.306.1.6
