taxonID	type	description	language	source
038687BC147EFFA3E4A836E6FBD1F845.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A species of Gymnapogon with 9 or 10 soft anal rays, anterior-most unbranched; 10 soft dorsal rays, two anterior-most unbranched; pectoral fins 14, with 9 branched and 5 unbranched rays; caudal fin rounded, 17 principal caudal rays with 15 branched; one row of two villiform teeth on each side of vomer.	en	Fraser, Thomas H. (2016): A new species of cardinalfish (Gymnapogon, Gymnapogonini, Apogonidae, Percomorpha) from the Philippines. Zootaxa 4107 (3): 431-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4107.3.11
038687BC147EFFA3E4A836E6FBD1F845.taxon	description	Description Holotype: dorsal fin VI ‒ I, 10, anterior two soft rays simple, remainder branched, last soft ray split to its base; anal fin II, 9, anterior soft ray simple, remainder branched, last soft ray split to its base; pectoral fins 14 ‒ 14, lower 3 unbranched and upper 2 unbranched; pelvic fins I, 5 with inner ray attached to body for most of its length; principal caudal fin-rays 15 (8 + 7) branched, 2 unbranched; dorsal procurrent-rays 10, ventral procurrent-rays 9; caudal fin rounded; gill rakers and rudiments 1 ‒ 1 + 9 ‒ 2, total elements 13, well developed rakers 11, upper arch elements 2, lower arch elements 11. Vertebrae 10 + 14 (Fig. 2 A); first four vertebral supraneurals and pterygiophores 0 / 0 / 0 ‒ 1 / 2 / 1; haemal pterygiophores 3 / 1; one supernumerary dorsal spine; one supernumerary anal spine; PU 2 with a crest; 2 epurals; terminal centrum fused to hypurals 3 + 4, no urostylar sheath; parhypural fused to hypurals 1 + 2, sutured with terminal centrum; hypural 5 free and splint-like. Infraorbitals, opercle and posttemporal smooth; preopercle ridge smooth, edges smooth except for single large spine near angle. Premaxilla teeth with a gap at symphysis, then recurved in 2 ‒ 3 rows followed by 2 ‒ 3 rows of smaller teeth, one or 2 teeth exposed when mouth is closed; dentary teeth with a gap at symphysis, then 3 ‒ 4 rows of recurved villiform teeth tapering to 2 rows on side with a few slightly larger teeth on side; palatine with a single row of small teeth; vomer with 2 villiform teeth on each side; no teeth on basihyal or ectopterygoid. Free neuromasts (Fig. 3): Head covered with lines of free neuromasts, not all visible; no neuromasts visible on body or caudal fin. Preserved color (Fig. 1 A): four small melanophore dots behind eye, two dots on upper opercle, a line of melanophore dots from near tip of opercle along mid-line ending about a vertical line with origin of second dorsal fin, scatter of small melanophore dots at base of caudal fin and on to base of fin rays, several midline dots anterior to base. Paratype: dorsal fin VI ‒ I, 10, anterior two soft rays simple, remainder branched, last soft ray split to its base; anal fin II, 10, anterior soft ray simple, remainder branched, last soft ray split to its base; pectoral fins 14 ‒ 14; pelvic fins I, 5 with inner ray attached to body for most of its length; principal caudal fin-rays 15 (8 + 7) branched, 2 unbranched; dorsal procurrent-rays 10, ventral procurrent-rays 9; caudal fin rounded; gill rakers and rudiments 1 ‒ 2 + 10 ‒ 1, total elements 14, well developed rakers 12, upper arch elements 3, lower arch elements 11. Vertebrae 10 + 14 (Fig. 2 B); first four vertebral supraneurals and pterygiophores 0 / 0 / 0 ‒ 1 / 2 / 1; haemal pterygiophores 3 / 1; one supernumerary dorsal spine; one supernumerary anal spine; PU 2 with a crest; 2 epurals; terminal centrum fused to hypurals 3 + 4, no urostylar sheath; parhypural fused to hypurals 1 + 2, sutured with terminal centrum; hypural 5 free and splint-like. Infraorbitals, opercle and posttemporal smooth; preopercle ridge smooth, edges smooth except for single large spine near angle. Premaxilla teeth with a gap at symphysis, then recurved in 2 ‒ 3 rows followed by 2 ‒ 3 rows of smaller teeth, one to three teeth exposed when mouth is closed; dentary teeth with a gap at symphysis, then 3 ‒ 4 rows of recurved villiform teeth tapering to 2 rows on side with a few slightly larger teeth on side; palatine with a single row of small teeth; vomer with 2 villiform teeth on each side; no teeth on basihyal or ectopterygoid. Free neuromasts: Head with a few partial lines of free neuromasts, most not visible; no neuromasts visible on body or caudal fin. Preserved color (Fig. 1 B): a few dots on head; a linear series of faint dots from near tip of opercle along midline ending about a vertical line with origin of second dorsal fin, no other patterns present.	en	Fraser, Thomas H. (2016): A new species of cardinalfish (Gymnapogon, Gymnapogonini, Apogonidae, Percomorpha) from the Philippines. Zootaxa 4107 (3): 431-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4107.3.11
038687BC147EFFA3E4A836E6FBD1F845.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Janus, a Roman God of gates and doors represented by two faces. Here referring to the rounded caudal fin when scales have been sloughed off for some specimens of Pseudamia but with internal characters and preopercle spine of Gymnapogon.	en	Fraser, Thomas H. (2016): A new species of cardinalfish (Gymnapogon, Gymnapogonini, Apogonidae, Percomorpha) from the Philippines. Zootaxa 4107 (3): 431-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4107.3.11
038687BC147EFFA3E4A836E6FBD1F845.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Gymnapogon janus n. sp. Holotype. USNM 314651, 62.5 mm SL, Visayan Sea between northern Negros & Masbate Islands, southeast of Sicogon I., 11.3667 ̊ ° N; 123.33 ̊ ° W, Philippines, Sting Ray V, Sta. T- 29, Sp- 78, L. Alcala, G. Hendler, L. W. Knapp, 9 Jun 1978, 24 m otter trawl, depth 0 to 38.4 m, digital x-ray. Paratype. USNM 150854, 55.9 mm SL, San Januico Strait, North of Nababuy Island (Reef); Off East Coast of Leyte Island, Philippines, Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907 – 1910, 13 Apr 1908, Dynamite, 1 to 3 m, digital x-ray. Comparative material. Acanthapogon vanderbilti, Holotype ANSP 68381, 18.8 mm SL, Kiritimati (Christmas I.), Kiribati, 6 May 1937, digital from film x-ray. Paratypes ANSP 68382 - 96 (15, 11.1 – 17.0 mm SL), same data as holotype. Australaphia annona Holotype, AMS IA 6469, 35.8 mm SL, Whitsunday Passage, Lindeman I., Queensland, Australia, Apr 1935, digital x-ray. Gymnapogon africanus Holotype SAIAB 358, 38.2 mm SL, Shimoni, Kenya, 21 Nov 1952, digital from film x-ray. Paratypes: SAIAB 776 (5, 14.3 – 34.8), Ibo Mozambique, digital from film x-ray. SAIAB 777 (1, 31.7), Bazaruto, Mozambique, Oct 1953, digital from film xray. SAIAB 778 (4, 23.0 – 31.9), Shimoni, Kenya, 1952, 18 Aug 1951, digital from film x-ray. Gymnapogon japonicus Syntypes, BMNH 1905.6.6.113 - 22, (39, 26.5 – 35.5), Inland Sea of Japan, R. Gordon Smith, digital xrays. Syntype USNM 108821 (1, 29.9), Inland Sea of Japan, R. Gordon Smith, digital of film x-ray. UMMZ 183258 (6, 32.2 – 43.1), vicinity of Nagasaki, Kyushu, Japan, 16 July 1929. Gymnapogon sp. UMMZ 183257 (2, 29.9 – 30.1), Obama Bay, Fukui-ken, Japan, 4 Aug 1929, digital x-ray. Gymnapogon urospilotus Holotype USNM 142404, 26.8 mm SL, Lagoon reef near Ennylabecan I., Kwajekein Atoll, Marshall Is., 1 Sep 1946. Henicichthys philippinus, Holotype CAS-SU 34379, 32.0 mm SL, Nasugbu, Luzon I., Philippines, 11 Dec 1936, digital from film x-ray. Paratypes CAS-SU 34380 (3, 26.5 – 27.5), Nasugbu, Luzon I., Philippines. CAS-SU 34381 (4, 19.0 – 27.9), Dumaguete, Oriental Negros, Philippines, 26 Dec 1936.	en	Fraser, Thomas H. (2016): A new species of cardinalfish (Gymnapogon, Gymnapogonini, Apogonidae, Percomorpha) from the Philippines. Zootaxa 4107 (3): 431-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4107.3.11
038687BC147EFFA3E4A836E6FBD1F845.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Other nominal species of Gymnapogon with 9 to 11 soft dorsal-fin rays and 9 or 10 soft anal-rays include G. annona (Whitley 1936), G. foraminosus, G. japonicus Regan 1905. G. urospilotus and G. vanderbilti. The B-shaped dark mark on the base of the caudal fin, 13 principal branched caudal rays, 2 upper and 2 lower unbranched principal caudal rays, forked caudal fin and the small upper preopercle spine separates Gymnapogon urospilotus and G. vanderbilti complex of species or populations (initial molecular data Mabuchi et al 2014; Leis et al 2015) from G. janus n. sp. Based on radiographs and additional study of Fowler’s holotype and paratypes of Gymnapogon vanderbilti, I find the soft anal rays are 10 like G. urospilotus. Whitley’s figure 6 of the holotype Australaphia annona, shows a bifurcated opercle spine, a single unbranched soft dorsal-fin ray, forked caudal fin and his description included 13 branched principal caudal-fin rays. Gymnapogon melanogaster shares the bifid preopercle spine and forked caudal fin with 13 branched principal caudal-fin rays, but differs by having all soft dorsal and anal rays branched. Smith (1954) described Gymnapogon africanus with 13 branched principal caudal rays, forked caudal fin, a simple opercle spine, a single unbranched soft dorsal-fin ray remaining branched and 8 branched soft anal rays.	en	Fraser, Thomas H. (2016): A new species of cardinalfish (Gymnapogon, Gymnapogonini, Apogonidae, Percomorpha) from the Philippines. Zootaxa 4107 (3): 431-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4107.3.11
