identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038687F0FFA8502B3BF9E6B3FEB1F8F6.text	038687F0FFA8502B3BF9E6B3FEB1F8F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glossoscolex Leuckart 1835	<div><p>Genus Glossoscolex Leuckart, 1835</p><p>Type species. Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) giganteus Leuckart, 1836 .</p><p>Diagnosis. The male pores can be found in segments 18/19 or can extend to one third of segment 19, being a pair or a single pore usually intraclitellar, presence of paired copulatory bulb, with sperm ducts connecting the bulbs with the external male pores. Calciferous glands present in XI or XII, one pair.</p><p>Type species. Glossoscolex truncatus (Rosa, 1895) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Male pores appear intraclitellar located in segment 17. With long and oval shape copulatory bulbs in XVII–XVIII.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687F0FFA8502B3BF9E6B3FEB1F8F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares;Feijoo, Alexander;Brown, George G.	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2025): Four new large Glossoscolex (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) earthworms from Brazil. Zootaxa 5589 (1): 301-320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5589.1.25, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5589.1.25
038687F0FFA8502E3BF9E427FDFEF88D.text	038687F0FFA8502E3BF9E427FDFEF88D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glossoscolex itatiaiaensis Dudas & Feijoo & Brown 2025	<div><p>Glossoscolex itatiaiaensis sp. nov. Dudas, Feijoo &amp; Brown</p><p>(Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5)</p><p>Holotype. Brazil, one adult, Itatiaia National Park, Abrigo Rebouças grassland in the soil; 22°23’06.0”S, - 44°40’45.1”W;°; 2.380m asl; February 2009; S.W. James, G.G. Brown, S.K. Davidson, M.L.C. Bartz colls. Sample ID: BRRJ0065; deposited at COFM .</p><p>Paratype. Brazil, one adult, same locality of the Holotype; February 2009; S.W. James, G.G. Brown, S.K. Davidson, M.L.C. Bartz colls. Sample ID: MZUSP1588 (formerly BRRJ0066 of COFM) .</p><p>Other materials. Brazil, one adult, fragmented, and two juveniles, same locality of the paratype; February 2009; S.W. James, G.G. Brown, S.K. Davidson, M.L.C. Bartz colls. Sample ID: BRRJ0002; deposited at COFM.</p><p>Etymology. The name of the species is a tribute to the location of sampling, “Parque Nacional do Itatiaia” located on the border of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais States, and the first national park of Brazil. Itatiaia means rock with many sharp points in the native Tupi language, and the name is in allusion to the many rocky peaks in the region of the park.</p><p>External morphology. Holotype: body length 417 mm after ethanol fixation. Body mass: 45.52 g fresh weight (alcohol preserved). Number of segments: 461. Diameter: 15.4 mm in the pre clitellar region (segment X), 14.6 mm in the clitellum (segment XVI) and 13.9 mm in the post clitellar region (segment XXX). Paratype: length 211 mm after ethanol fixation. Body mass: 13.88 g, number of segments: 268. Diameter: 12.1 mm in segment X, 10.4 mm in the clitellum, segment XVI and 9.48 mm in segment XXX. Other material. Adult specimen, body length 321 mm, body mass: 40.4 g. Number of segments: 399. Diameter: pre clitellar 12.1 mm, at the clitellum (segment XVI) 15.7 mm and at post clitellum region (XXX) 11.3 mm. Body cylindrical, brown dorsally, dark yellowish-brown ventrally, dark brown anteriorly (Figures 1A, 1B). Prostomium ebilobic. Setae closely paired, visible throughout, setae ab visible from IX onwards. Setal arrangement aa:ab:bc:cd:dd, 10:1:2:1.1:10.4. at segment XXXV-L. Clitellum in 1/3 XV–XXIII, saddle shaped (Figure 2A). Genital marks or tubercula pubertatis absent. One pair of male pores, on B line setae, on ventral position in XVIII 6.5 mm apart (Figure 2B). Female pores in XIV, visible on the paratype specimen, in setae line AB. Nephropores near AB line.</p><p>Internal morphology. Septa large, covering half of the internal portion, on segments XVII to XI and thickened on starting on segment VII, 7/8/9/10/11, strongly attached to the body wall, due the thickness of the septa. Gizzard in VI, with average size (width x length) of 3.2 x 4.4 mm. One pair of calciferous glands in XII (Figure 3A) of composite-tubular type, next to large dorsal blood vessels. Intestine begins in XV without different regions (Figure 3B) and with typhlosole on the beginning of the intestine, also starting in segment XV. Esophageal hearts in X–XI, and dorsal blood vessel visible in segments VIII–X and above the calciferous glands. Nephridia starting pre clitellar, in 10/11, close to the body wall and intestine, one pair per segment. One pair of testes sacs large in XI, below seminal vesicles. Seminal vesicles in XII, lobulate shaped stretching in two lines (Figure 3B). The left vesicle ends in XV and the right one ends in XX. Ovaries and ovarian funnels in segment XIII, with an iridescent colour. Spermathecae absent. One pair of copulatory pouches (bulbs, chambers) with oval shape in XVIII–XX, 1/3 XXI (Figure 3B, C).</p><p>Remarks. In one of the fragmented individuals (BRRJ0002), the setae arrangement was different from the ones on the holotype and paratype (Figure 4). Despite measurements like the holotype and paratypes, the d setae started closely paired, and by the middle of the body there was not a defined arrangement. The other external and internal structures remain the same. Although Michaelsen (1918) and Righi (1971) reported variations in the setae arrangements of G. giganteus, there are several important differences between G. itatiaiaensis sp. nov. and the former species that clearly separate the two species, e.g., the extent and position of the clitellum, the position of the male pore, copulatory bulb, last heart, and the testes sac.</p><p>When compared with Glossoscolex montagneri Righi, 1972, the prostomium has a different shape ( G. montagneri is proepilobic), the setae arrangement is sigmoid and nearly straight, and the seminal vesicles can reach segments XXVIII or XXXVI. In all the specimens of G. itatiaiaensis sp. nov., however, the seminal vesicles do not extend beyond segment 22. begin in G. itatiaiaensis sp. nov. the setae are visible in segment IX, whereas in G. wiengreeni (Michaelsen, 1897) the ventral setae commence in XIII and the lateral setae in XXIII. Another difference between the species is the shape of the seminal vesicles. In G. wiengreeni (Michaelsen, 1897) the seminal vesicles are bean shaped. In G. itatiaiaensis sp. nov. the seminal vesicles stretch in two lines. For Glossoscolex klossae (Righi, 1972) the main differences are the cylindrical shape of the copulatory bulbs and the position of the seminal vesicles, which like in G. wiengreeni extend across more segments than G. itatiaiaensis sp. nov. . Similar to G. montagneri, Glossososcolex amomee (Righi, 1971) differs from G. itatiaiaensis sp. nov. on the shape of the prostomium (prolobic), and the color before fixation, (dorsally dark purple and ventrally gray in G. amomee). The setae begin in segment XIII, and in this species, there are tubercula pubertatis in XX XXI–XL, XLII in the a region.</p><p>The cocoons are brownish yellow (Figure 5A), and the casts are deposited on the soil surface (Figure 5B). The habitat of the species appears to be the high-altitude grassland of the Itatiaia plateau (Figure 5C), and the individuals here were collected in the valley between the “Pico das Agulhas Negras” and the “Prateleiras”, near the “Abrigo Rebouças” at nearly 2,400 m altitude. The soil in which they were collected was very dark collared (black) and turfy, with high organic matter content. Two other authors had reported large earthworms from turfy soil at high altitude (2,200 m) in the “campos do Itatiaia” region (Luederwaldt, 1927; Moreira, 1903). They had reported their specimens as Glossoscolex giganteus and as Glossoscolex wiengreeni (Michaelsen), but these are doubtful identifications as Moreira (1903) found only juveniles (no adults), and the specimens of Luederwaldt (1927) were not identified by any taxonomist. The common habit of crawling on the soil surface after rains was reported by Luederwaldt (1927). Several new Fimoscolex species were found co-inhabiting these turfy soils with G. itatiaiaensis sp. nov. and are described in Dudas et al. (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687F0FFA8502E3BF9E427FDFEF88D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares;Feijoo, Alexander;Brown, George G.	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2025): Four new large Glossoscolex (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) earthworms from Brazil. Zootaxa 5589 (1): 301-320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5589.1.25, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5589.1.25
038687F0FFAC50223BF9E643FC4EFE2A.text	038687F0FFAC50223BF9E643FC4EFE2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glossoscolex anaclaudiae Dudas & Feijoo & Brown 2025	<div><p>Glossoscolex anaclaudiae sp. nov. Dudas, Feijoo &amp; Brown</p><p>(Figures 6 and 7)</p><p>Holotype. Brazil, one adult specimen, Lages, Santa Catarina, under Eucalyptus trees near a water spring on the campus of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.301056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.79225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.301056/lat -27.79225)">State University</a> of Santa Catarina (UDESC); 27°47’32.1”S, 50°18’03.8”W; 900 m elevation; November 2002; G.G. Brown coll. Sample ID: BRSC0287; deposited at COFM.</p><p>Paratype. Brazil, one adult specimen, same collection data as holotype. Sample ID: MZUSP6431 (formerly BRSC0286 of the COFM) .</p><p>Other materials. Brazil, two adult specimens cut after the clitellum and three juveniles, same collection data as holotype. Sample ID: BRSC0001; deposited at COFM.</p><p>Etymology. The name of the species is a tribute to researcher Ana Claudia Rodrigues de Lima in acknowledgement for her many contributions to the knowledge of earthworms and their role in soil quality, especially in Southern Brazil.</p><p>External morphology. Holotype: Body length 177 mm after formalin fixation. Body mass 10.15 g (fresh weight preserved in alcohol). Segments 254 without intersegments. Diameter: 8.26 mm in the pre clitellar region (segment X), 10.1 mm in the clitellum (segment XIV) and 7.5 mm in the post clitellar region (segment XXX). Paratype: length 223 mm after fixation, body mass 17.32 g. Number of segments 338. Diameter: 9.58 mm at segment X, 9.8 mm in the clitellum, segment (XIV) and 8.1 mm on segment XXX. Body shape cylindrical, with pinkish pigmentation on the dorsal region. Prostomium prolobic. Setae visible from IX onwards (Figure 6), but after the clitellum they become less visible. Setal arrangement aa:ab:bc:cd:dd, 8.5:1:4.2:1.5:13.2 at segment XXX. Clitellum in 1/3 of XIV–XXV, saddle shape, with dark pink pigmentation. Genital marks absent. One pair of male pores on ventral position in XVII with distance between pores varying from 4.7 to 6.1 mm, located in close proximity with B line, in a pouch shape (Figure 6). Female pores not seen. Nephridiopores near line AB, almost in the middle line of A–B setae.</p><p>Internal morphology. Septa membranous in 6/7/8/9/10, strongly attached to the body wall and becoming thin in 15/16/17, passing above the intestine. Gizzard in VI, with average size (width x length) of 2.7 x 3.3 mm. Calciferous glands one pair in XII, with a dark brown color, of composite tubular type located below the seminal vesicles (Figure 7A). Intestine commences in XIV without different regions and with typhlosole starting in segment XV, occupying less than half of the intestine, cupped fold shape (Figure 7C). Hearts in X–XI, intestinal heart close to the seminal vesicles. One pair of nephridia per segment. Testes sacs in XI, large and iridescent with visible duct connecting to the seminal vesicles, sac-like, in XI (Figure 7B). Seminal vesicles extending to XV. Spermathecae absent. One pair of copulatory bulbs, in oval shape in XV–XVIII (Figure 7B,C).</p><p>Remarks: Glossoscolex anacladiae sp. nov. has clitellum in saddle shape, a format that differs from the type species of the truncatus group, Glossoscolex truncatus (Rosa, 1985), which has an annular clitellum, same characteristic of Glossoscolex bondari (Michaelsen, 1926) . Although the saddle shape is seen in other Glossoscolex of the truncatus group, such as Glossoscolex bondari, Glossoscolex corderoi, and Glossoscolex pampas, among others, in Glossoscolex anacladiae sp. nov. the clitellum starts in segment XIV as opposed to segment XV, like the species mentioned. One unique characteristic, so far, is the presence of nephridiopores closer of the AB line, instead of only at B line as we saw in other species. The seminal vesicle in Glossoscolex anaclaudiae sp. nov. goes from segment XI–XV, and while the beginning of the vesicles are similar in G. truncatus, G. bondari, G. pampas and G. pastivus, for instance, in each of these species the form and length (last segment) of the vesicles are different. In G. bondari, for example, the seminal vesicle stretches till segment CX. This endogeic species does not appear to leave much evidence of casting on the soil surface, except under thick litter layer of a pine plantation at the “Fazenda Gateados” at the nearby county of Campo Belo do Sul (approximately 27°58’04.0” S, 50°49’58.4” W), Santa Catarina, where only juveniles of the species were encountered. At the UDESC campus both adults and juveniles were collected in a less-disturbed area close to a water source (spring), and recent sampling efforts (June 2024) relocated adults of the species, confirming its continued presence on-site.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687F0FFAC50223BF9E643FC4EFE2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares;Feijoo, Alexander;Brown, George G.	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2025): Four new large Glossoscolex (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) earthworms from Brazil. Zootaxa 5589 (1): 301-320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5589.1.25, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5589.1.25
038687F0FFA150203BF9E62BFB24F82C.text	038687F0FFA150203BF9E62BFB24F82C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glossoscolex demeijeri Dudas & Feijoo & Brown 2025	<div><p>Glossoscolex demeijeri sp. nov. Dudas, Feijoo &amp; Brown</p><p>(Figures 8, 9, 10 and 11)</p><p>Holotype. Brazil, one adult specimen, “Área de Proteção Ambiental de Guaraqueçaba”, Paraná, on the road (PR 405, Km 42,9) before the bridge over the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.431362&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.186165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.431362/lat -25.186165)">River Açungui</a>; 25°11’10.2”S, - 48°25’52.9”W; elevation 24 m; November 2016; A.A. R de Meijer coll. Sample ID: BRPR0603; deposited at COFM.</p><p>Paratype. Brazil, one adult specimen, same location as holotype, on the road (PR 405, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.423668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.186443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.423668/lat -25.186443)">Km</a> 42,5), 25°11’11.2”S, 48°25’25.2”W; elevation 26 m, collected on October 2015; A.A. R de Meijer coll. Sample ID: MZUSP6432 (formerly BRPR0586 of COFM) .</p><p>Other materials. Brazil, one adult specimen, Guaraqueçaba, Paraná, on the road, same location as holotype, April 2013; A.A. R de Meijer coll. Sample ID: BRPR0582; deposited at COFM . Brazil, one adult specimen, Guaraqueçaba, Paraná, on the road, same location as paratype, December 2014; A.A. R de Meijer coll. Sample ID: BRPR0583; deposited at COFM . Brazil, one adult specimen, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.43242&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.186443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.43242/lat -25.186443)">Guaraqueçaba</a>, Paraná, on the road; latitude/longitude 25°11’11.2” S, 48°25’56.7” W; elevation: 62 m, April 2015; A.A. R de Meijer coll. Sample ID: BRPR0584; deposited at COFM . Brazil, one adult specimen, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.43242&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.186443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.43242/lat -25.186443)">Guaraqueçaba</a>, Paraná, on the road; latitude/longitude 25°11’11.2” S, 48°25’56.7” W; elevation: 62 m, May 2015; A.A. R de Meijer coll. Sample ID: BRPR0585; deposited at COFM. Brazil, one adult specimen, Guaraqueçaba, Paraná, on the road, same location as holotype; September 2015; A.A. R de Meijer coll. Sample ID: BRPR0587; deposited at COFM. Brazil, one adult specimen, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.429916&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.186499" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.429916/lat -25.186499)">Guaraqueçaba</a>, Paraná, on the road; latitude/longitude 25°11’11.4” S, 48°25’47.7” W; elevation 28 m, December 2015; A.A. R de Meijer coll. Sample ID: BRPR0603; deposited at COFM . Brazil, one adult specimen, Guaraqueçaba, Paraná, on the road, same location as holotype; January 2017; A.A. R de Meijer coll. Sample ID: G1727, deposited at MHNCI . Brazil, one adult specimen, Guaraqueçaba, Paraná, on the road, same location as paratype; May 2018; A.A. R de Meijer coll. Sample ID: G1726, deposited at MHNCI.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named in honor of Dr.Andre August Remi de Meijer for his immense contribution to the natural history of the coastal region of the state of Paraná, where for decades he has worked obtaining information on plants, animals and other organisms (e.g., mushrooms), including earthworms like the present species of which all specimens were collected by him.</p><p>External morphology. Body shape cylindrical, with brown-reddish pigmentation on the dorsal part and pinkish on the ventral portion, before fixation (Figures 8, 9A). Body length 500 mm to 700 mm before fixation (Figure 8). Holotype: Body length 334 mm to after ethanol fixation. Body mass: 35.4 g (fresh mass, alcohol preserved). Segments 371, with intersegments. Diameter: 14.1 mm in the pre clitellar region (segment X), 16.3 mm in the clitellum (segment XIV) and 15.5 mm in the post clitellar region (segment XXX). Paratype: length 367 mm, body mass: 49.2 g. Number of segments: 196. Diameter: 17.7 mm on segment X, 16.3 mm in the clitellum (XIV) and 15.5 mm in segment XXX. Prostomium epilobic. Setae widely paired; ab visible from segment VI onwards. Setal arrangement at XXX–LXX aa:ab:bc:cd:dd, 9.5:1:7:1.3:10.5. Common C setae are slightly curved but not hooked at the external tip (Figure 11C). Clitellum in XV–XXIII (Figure 9A), saddle shape. No genital marks. Female pores not visible. One pair of male pores in 18/19, in the AB line, with 6.7 mm distance in between (Figure 9B). Nephridiopores open near the B line.</p><p>Internal morphology. Septa membranous in 7/8/9/10, strongly attached to the body wall, and thin in 14/15/16, white and weak (Figure 10A). Gizzard in VI, strong with average size (width x length) of 5.3 x 4.5 mm. Calciferous glands one pair in XII (Figure 10A) of tubular composite type with large dorsal blood vessels. Intestine commences in XIV without different regions and with typhlosole in the beginning of the intestine, also starting in segment XIV, occupying half of the intestine size (Figure 11B). Esophageal hearts in X–XI, and with intestinal hearts in XII, below the seminal vesicles (Figures 10B, C). One pair of nephridia per segment. Testes sacs large in XI, below seminal vesicles. Seminal vesicles as bags in XII (Figures 10B, C) going until segment XV–XVI. Spermathecae absent. Ovaries in XIII, with iridescence. One pair of copulatory bulbs, in bean shape in XVIII–XX (Figure 10A, 11A).</p><p>Remarks: The prostomium of Glossoscolex demeijeri sp. nov. is epilobic, differentiantig from species like Glossoscolex paulistus, G. klossae, G. amomee, G. montagneri and G. giganteus australis . Another difference between those species and the new Glossoscolex is the beginning of the clitellum that starts in segment XIV, where in other species the beginning is usually in segment XV. However, the format (saddle) remains the same for all these species. The last pair of hearts in Glossoscolex demeijeri sp. nov. is found in segment XII, similar to the type species of the group G. giganteus . Another difference observed between Glossoscolex demeijeri sp. nov. and other species from the giganteus group is the form of the copulatory bulbs, that are bean shaped. In other species shapes such as reniform, ovoid, cylindrical are present. Specimens of G. demeijeri sp. nov. were collected between 2013 and 2018, by walking nearly daily along the road up to the bridge near where the earthworms were collected, and all were found in between Kms 42 and 43 of PR-405. His observations on the species and its habits, including that of crossing the road were published in a book on the many fauna victims of road traffic along highway PR-405 (de Meijer, 2017). Specimens of another large new Glossoscolex species collected on the top of the nearby Caratuva Massif at around 1,800 m elevation (Cardoso et al., 2014) are very similar in size, but represent a different species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687F0FFA150203BF9E62BFB24F82C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares;Feijoo, Alexander;Brown, George G.	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2025): Four new large Glossoscolex (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) earthworms from Brazil. Zootaxa 5589 (1): 301-320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5589.1.25, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5589.1.25
038687F0FFA550273BF9E69DFAB8F9B2.text	038687F0FFA550273BF9E69DFAB8F9B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glossoscolex demetrioi Dudas & Feijoo & Brown 2025	<div><p>Glossoscolex demetrioi sp. nov. Dudas, Feijoo &amp; Brown</p><p>(Figures 12, 13 and 14)</p><p>Holotype. Brazil, one adult specimen, São Luís do Paraitinga, São Paulo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-45.124416&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.343084" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -45.124416/lat -23.343084)">Serra do Mar State Park</a>; latitude/longitude: 23°20’35.1”S, 45°07’27.9”W, August 2021; J.P. Villani coll. Sample ID: MZUSP6433 (formerly BRSP0945 of COFM).</p><p>Paratype. Brazil, one juvenile specimen, same collection data as holotype. Sample ID: MZUSP6435 (formerly BRSP0944 of COFM) .</p><p>Etymology. The name of the species is a tribute to researcher Dr. Wilian Carlo Demetrio (University of São Paulo) for his many contributions to the knowledge of soil fauna and earthworm ecology in Brazil.</p><p>External morphology. Holotype: Body length 528 mm after ethanol fixation. Body mass: 177.9 g (fresh weight in alcohol). Segments 364, with intersegments. Diameter: 25.5 mm in the pre clitellar region (segment X), 27.3 mm in the clitellum (segment XVI) and 24.5 mm in the post clitellar region (segment XXX). Paratype: length 298 mm after fixation, body mass: 121.3 g. Number of segments: 231. Diameter: 16.3 mm at segment X, 14.4 mm at the clitellum (XVI) and 11.1 mm in segment XXX. Body shape cylindrical, with pigmentation on dorsal size, with stripes, some dark and others lighter in color, similar to zebra patterns over the full length of the body (Figure 12). Prostomium proebilobic. Setae begin widely paired, visible from segment IX onwards (Figure 13A). Setal arrangement aa:ab:bc:cd:dd, 22:1.1:12.4:1:23 at segment XXX. Clitellum in XV–XXIV, saddle shape (Figure 12). No genital markings present. Female pores not seen. One pair of male pores on 18/19 (Figure 13B), on B line, with 8.1 mm distance in between. Nephridiopores near B line.</p><p>Internal morphology. Septa membranous in 6/7/8/9/10/11, strongly attached to the body wall, 14/15/16 thin and weak (Figure 13C). Gizzard in VI, average size (width x length) of 8.3 x 6.7 mm, occupying 1/3 VIII externally. Calciferous glands one pair in XII, below seminal vesicles (Figure 13C), of tubular composite type. Intestine commences in XV without different regions and with typhlosole beginning on segment XXII. Esophageal hearts in X–XII, with dorsal esophageal connection, close to testes sacs, below septa. One pair of nephridia per segment. Testes sacs large in XI, with a very visible vas deferentia connecting to the copulatory bulb. Seminal vesicles starting in XII and ending in XXVI. Spermathecae absent. Ovaries in XIII, of small size. One pair of copulatory bulbs, in oval shape in XVI–XIX (Figure 14).</p><p>Remarks. The coloring pattern in Glossoscolex demetrioi sp. nov. is quite unique and an important characteristic that differentiates it from other species. The clitellum is similar to Glossoscolex demeijeri sp. nov., also starting in segment XIV, but ending in segment XXIV. The testes sacs are a large pair located in segment XII, differing it from other species like G. paulistus, G. robustus (unpaired, XI), G. amomee, and G. giganteus australis (pair, XI). However, they are similar to those in the type species Glossoscolex giganteus and G. klossae, for instance.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687F0FFA550273BF9E69DFAB8F9B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares;Feijoo, Alexander;Brown, George G.	Dudas, Rafaela Tavares, Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2025): Four new large Glossoscolex (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) earthworms from Brazil. Zootaxa 5589 (1): 301-320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5589.1.25, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5589.1.25
