taxonID	type	description	language	source
03860D5ADF16FFD2FF6DBA096D5EFEA1.taxon	distribution	Type locality: Khasis, Assam, NE India.	en	Ponomarenko, Margarita G. (2024): Taxonomic status of Xyrosaris melanopsamma Meyrick, 1931 (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) with notes on congeneric species in East Asia. Zootaxa 5486 (3): 338-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2
03860D5ADF16FFD2FF6DBA096D5EFEA1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Russia, Primorskii Krai: 3 ♂, Olginskii distr., upper course of Milogradovka riv., 31.5 km NEE Lazo settl., 24.05.2012, gen. slide 236 MP (leg. M. Ponomarenko); 1 ♀, Ussurijsk district, 3 km SE Krasnyi Jar vill., 14.07.2000, gen. slide 232 MP (leg. M. Ponomarenko); 1 ♀, Ussurijskii distr., 2.5 km S of Kamenushka, Kaimanovka vill., 43 ° 36 ′ 14 ″ N 132 ° 13 ′ 09 ″ E, 25.08.2001, gen. slide 231 MP (leg. M. Ponomarenko); 1 ♂, Ussurijskii distr., Gornotajezhnoe vill., 22.09.1995 (leg. M. Ponomarenko); 2 ♂, Chernigovskii distr., 10 km SE Chernigovka, Gribnoe vill. vicinity, 44 ° 15 ′ 30 ″ N 132 ° 40 ′ 41 ″ E, 25, 27.08.1998 (leg. M. Ponomarenko); Sakhalin: 1 ♂, Nevelskii distr., Yasnomorskoe vill. 18.08.2019, gen. slide 179 MP (leg. M. Ponomarenko), all in FSCB. Primorskii Krai: 4 ♂, Pogranichyi distr., Barabash-Levada vill., 16.07 – 8.08.1989 (leg. S. Sinev); 2 ♂, Oktyabr’skii distr., 15 km SW of Pokrovka, Orlikha, 1 – 3.08.2005 (leg. S. Sinev); 1 ♂, Nadezhdinskii distr., De-Friz Peninsula, 8.08.1961 (leg. M. Omelko); 1 ♀, Khasanskii distr., 15 km SW of Slavyanka, Ryazanovka vill., 7.08.1983 (leg. S. Seksyaeva); Khabarovskii Krai: Khabarovsk env., Bol’shekhekhtsyrskii Nature Reserve: 1 ♂, Bychikha vill., 48 ° 18 ′ N 134 ° 49 ′ E, 13.05.2006; 1 ♂, Sosnenskii kordon, 48 ° 14 ′ N 134 ° 47 ′ E, 7 – 8.06.2011 (leg. V. Dubatolov); 1 ♀, Chirki kordon, 48 ° 12 ′ N 134 ° 41 ′ E, 25 – 26.08.2011 (leg. A. Dolgikh); 1 ♀, Chirki kordon, 48 ° 11 ′ N 134 ° 41 ′ E, 17 – 18.09.2012 (leg. V. Dubatolov); Sakhalin: 8 ♂, 4 ♀, Kholmskii distr., Kholmsk settl. vic., 47 ° 028 ′ N 142 ° 037 ′ E, 7 – 10.10.2018, 31.08.2019 (leg. O. Titova); Kuril Islands: 1 ♂, Kunashir Isl., 30 km SW Yuzhno-Kuril’sk settl., Alekhino kordon, 14 – 16.08.1992 (leg. V. Zolotuhin), all in ZIN.	en	Ponomarenko, Margarita G. (2024): Taxonomic status of Xyrosaris melanopsamma Meyrick, 1931 (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) with notes on congeneric species in East Asia. Zootaxa 5486 (3): 338-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2
03860D5ADF16FFD2FF6DBA096D5EFEA1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russian Far East (Khabarovskii Krai, Primorskii Krai, Sakhalin and Kunashir Islands); South Korea; Northern, Eastern and Central China (Hebei, Jiangsu, Henan and Hubei); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); North – East India (Assam).	en	Ponomarenko, Margarita G. (2024): Taxonomic status of Xyrosaris melanopsamma Meyrick, 1931 (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) with notes on congeneric species in East Asia. Zootaxa 5486 (3): 338-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2
03860D5ADF16FFD2FF6DBA096D5EFEA1.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plants. Confirmed data are absent.	en	Ponomarenko, Margarita G. (2024): Taxonomic status of Xyrosaris melanopsamma Meyrick, 1931 (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) with notes on congeneric species in East Asia. Zootaxa 5486 (3): 338-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2
03860D5ADF16FFD2FF6DBA096D5EFEA1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Until recently, only two species, X. lirinopa and X. lichneuta, had been recorded in East Asia, but all specimens collected in the area were associated with the last species only. Despite the fact that all collected specimens possess high variability in colouration and wing pattern, the identification of them was made mainly by appearance. Thus, the sample from South Korea identified as X. lichneuta and posted to the Genbank (NCBI) was found to be conspecific with X. insularis based on genetic data (Ponomarenko & Beljaev 2023). Moreover, both mentioned species are well differing by male and female genitalia. Therefore, data on the distribution of northeast Indian species X. lichneuta in Eastern Asia as well as its host plants require verification and clarification.	en	Ponomarenko, Margarita G. (2024): Taxonomic status of Xyrosaris melanopsamma Meyrick, 1931 (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) with notes on congeneric species in East Asia. Zootaxa 5486 (3): 338-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2
03860D5ADF18FFD2FF6DBE5F69A3FD99.taxon	distribution	Type locality: Shanghai, China. Distribution. Eastern China (Shanghai).	en	Ponomarenko, Margarita G. (2024): Taxonomic status of Xyrosaris melanopsamma Meyrick, 1931 (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) with notes on congeneric species in East Asia. Zootaxa 5486 (3): 338-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2
03860D5ADF18FFD2FF6DBE5F69A3FD99.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plants. Unknown.	en	Ponomarenko, Margarita G. (2024): Taxonomic status of Xyrosaris melanopsamma Meyrick, 1931 (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) with notes on congeneric species in East Asia. Zootaxa 5486 (3): 338-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2
03860D5ADF18FFD0FF6DBD576D1BFE49.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Russia, Primorskii Krai: 4 ♂, 1 ♀, Ussurijskii distr., 20 km SE Ussurijsk, Gornotajezhnoe vill., 23.08.1994; 20, 23.09.1995, gen. slide 243 (f) MP (leg. M. Ponomarenko); 1 ♀, 20 km SW Krounovka, Medveditsa riv., 02.09.1998 (leg. M. Ponomarenko); 3 ♂, 3 ♀, Chernigovskii distr., 10 km SE Chernigovka, Gribnoe vill. vicinity, 44 ° 15 ′ 30 ″ N 132 ° 40 ′ 41 ″ E, 25.08.1998, gen. slides 175 (m), 176, 234 (♀♀) MP (leg. M. Ponomarenko); 1 ♀, 30.5 km NW Arsen’ev, Sinii ridge, 600 m a. s. l., 44 ° 21 ’ 45 ” N 133 ° 00 ’ 34 ” E, 02.09.1999 (leg. M. Ponomarenko); 1 ♂, Shkotovskii distr., 6 km W Novaya Moskva, 43 ° 21 ’ 19 ” N 132 ° 39 ’ 57 ” E, 20.04.2002 (leg. M. Ponomarenko); 2 ♀, Olginskii distr., upper course of Milogradovka riv., 31.5 km NEE Lazo settl., 24.05.2012 (leg. М. Ponomarenko); 9 ♀, Rikord Island, 15.06.2012 (leg. М. Ponomarenko, Yu. Zinchenko); 3 ♂, 3 ♀, Khasanskii district, Gamov Peninsula, Vityaz’ Bay, 8 – 10.10.2021, gen. slides 233 (♀), 241 (♂) MP (leg. V. Dubatolov); 43 ♂, 55 ♀, Rikord Island, reared from Euonymus maximoviczianus, 25 – 26.07.2022 (E. Beljaev leg.); 11.08. – 06.09.2022, vouchers Nos. / DNA Nos 770 (♂) / gen. slide 247 MP, 771 (♀) / gen. slide 238 MP, 773 (♂), 775 (♂) / gen. slide 240 MP, 776 (♂) / gen. slide 245 MP, 787 (♂) / gen. slide 246 MP, gen. slides 183, 184 (♂♂), 185, 244 (♀♀) MP (leg. М. Ponomarenko and E. Beljaev); Sakhalin: 5 ♂, 9 ♀, Nevelskii distr., Yasnomorskoe vill. 18 – 20.08.2020, gen. slides 177, 235, 242 (♂♂), 178, 237 (♀♀) MP (leg. М. Ponomarenko), all in FSCB. Primorskii Krai: 3 ♂, Ussuriiskii distr., 20 km SE Ussurijsk, Gornotajezhnoe vill., 22 – 30.08.1978 (leg. V. Kuznetzov); 5 ♂, 6 ♀, Ussuriiskii distr., 20 km SE Ussurijsk, Gornotajezhnoe vill., 43 ° 42 ’ N 132 ° 09 ’ E, 135 м, 8.07.1982, 28.04.1983, 3.09.1983, 11.07.1988, 11 – 15.07.1996, 11.07.2018 (leg. S. Sinev); 1 ♀, Spasskii distr., 18 km SE Spassk-Dal’nii settl., Kalinovka recreation center, 44 ° 28 ’ N 132 ° 58 ’ E, 170 m, 6.07.2018 (leg. S. Sinev); 1 ♀, Anuchinskii distr., Vinogradovka vill., 19.05.1929 (leg. A. Djakonov and N. Filipjev); Khabarovskii Krai: Khabarovsk env., Bol’shekhekhtsyrskii Nature Reserve: 1 ♂, Bychikha vill., 48 ° 18 ′ N 134 ° 49 ′ E, 29.04.2006 (leg. V. Dubatolov); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Sosnenskii kordon, 48 ° 14 ′ N 134 ° 47 ′ E, 100 m, 6 – 7.06.2006, 30.09 – 1.10.2011 (leg. V. Dubatolov); 1 ♂, Chirki kordon, 48 ° 11 ′ N 134 ° 41 ′ E, 29.05.2006 (leg. V. Dubatolov), all in ZIN.	en	Ponomarenko, Margarita G. (2024): Taxonomic status of Xyrosaris melanopsamma Meyrick, 1931 (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) with notes on congeneric species in East Asia. Zootaxa 5486 (3): 338-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2
03860D5ADF18FFD0FF6DBD576D1BFE49.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russian Far East (Khabarovskii Krai, Primorskii Krai and Sakhalin), South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu).	en	Ponomarenko, Margarita G. (2024): Taxonomic status of Xyrosaris melanopsamma Meyrick, 1931 (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) with notes on congeneric species in East Asia. Zootaxa 5486 (3): 338-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2
03860D5ADF18FFD0FF6DBD576D1BFE49.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Euonymus oxyphyllus Miq., E. sieboldianus Blume, E. alata (Thunb.) Sieb.,? Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. (after Issiki 1957, 1970; Friese, 1962; Moriuti 1969, 1977); Euonymus maximoviczianus Prokh. (first record) (Celastraceae). Bionomics. Larvae of different instars were collected on E. maximoviczianus Prokh. two times in July, 6 and August, 1 on Rikord Island (south of the Russian Far East). They were feeding on the upper and lower surfaces of leaves, skeletonizing them in younger instars and gnawing holes in older instars. The head of larvae is wider than the thorax, with a distinct epicranial suture dividing it into two slightly inflated halves. Almost throughout the entire period of development, the larvae had a light brownish grey head and a dark grey prothoracic shield, whereas the colour of their body was variable (Figs 23 A – F). In younger instars they were pale green and greyish green with two longitudinal bands on the dorsum — dark grey on thoracic segments and greyish green on abdominal ones. In older instars they became predominantly greyish brown with two bands on the dorsum — dark grey on thoracic segments and dark brown on abdominal ones. In the laboratory, larvae collected in July soon began to pupate starting on 10.07.2022. Pupation took place in a loose silken cocoon (Fig. 24). The duration of pupal development in the laboratory was 7 – 10 days. Imagoes emerged starting on 18.07.2022. The larvae collected in August began to pupate from 4.08.2022 onwards. Imagoes emerged between 16.08 to 6.09.2022.	en	Ponomarenko, Margarita G. (2024): Taxonomic status of Xyrosaris melanopsamma Meyrick, 1931 (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) with notes on congeneric species in East Asia. Zootaxa 5486 (3): 338-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2
03860D5ADF18FFD0FF6DBD576D1BFE49.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species was described based on two specimens collected in two different localities. According to ICZN, Art. 73.2.3. after the designation of lectotype by Clarke (1965) the type locality of this species is the place of its origin, what is fixed by Art 76.2 (ICZN, 1999), as it is indicated above. The other specimen, paralectotype, was collected on Mt. Iwawakisan, Kii [Wakayama Prefecture], and currently lacks its abdomen. The recently described species X. vaginata Bae et Na, 2024 from South Korea turned out conspecific with X. melanopsamma Meyrick, 1931 in the male genitalia, and should be considered as a junior subjective synonym of the latter. As to the female of X. vaginata, non-conspecific males and females were associated in the original species description and the genitalia of X. lichneuta were illustrated (Na & Bae 2024: 424, Fig. 4 A). Issiki (1957), Friese (1962, after Issiki 1957) and Moriuti (1969) indicated Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. among host plants for X. melanopsamma. Later, when X. melanopsamma was treated as a junior synonym of X. lichneuta, all recorded host plants of the first species were ascribed to the second one in subsequent publications. Moreover, Celastrus orbiculatus was often listed first, as the main host plant for X. lichneuta (Moriuti 1977; Gershenson & Ulenberg 1998; Lewis & Sohn 2015; Ponomarenko 2016; Na & Bae 2024). According to Moriuti (1977), of the 132 specimens reared from larvae, only 5 specimens were fed on Celastrus orbiculatus and the rest 127 specimens fed on different species of Euonymus spp. Since there are two independent species (X. lichneuta and X. melanopsamma), that do not reliably differ in general appearance, there is a high probability that the specimens reared on Celastrus orbiculatus were not conspecific with those reared from Euonymus spp. The morphology of their genitalia are unknown and there is currently no data confirming the feeding of X. melanopsamma on Celastrus orbiculatus.	en	Ponomarenko, Margarita G. (2024): Taxonomic status of Xyrosaris melanopsamma Meyrick, 1931 (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) with notes on congeneric species in East Asia. Zootaxa 5486 (3): 338-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2
03860D5ADF1AFFD0FF6DBD076C87FA03.taxon	distribution	Type locality: Russkii Island, Primorskii Krai, Russia.	en	Ponomarenko, Margarita G. (2024): Taxonomic status of Xyrosaris melanopsamma Meyrick, 1931 (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) with notes on congeneric species in East Asia. Zootaxa 5486 (3): 338-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2
03860D5ADF1AFFD0FF6DBD076C87FA03.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Russia, Primorskii Krai: ♂, holotype, 1 km SW of Vladivostok, Russkii Isl., Rogozin cape, 42 ° 59 ’ 13 ” N 131 ° 44 ’ 47 ” E, reared from Celastrus orbiculatus, 18.07.2022, gen. slide 181 MP (leg. E. Beljaev); paratypes: 1 ♀, same locality, date, host plant and collector as in holotype; 32 ♂, 40 ♀, same locality and host plant, 22.08 – 09.09.2022, gen. slides 182 (f), 190 (♂) MP (leg. M. Ponomarenko and E. Beljaev), voucher Nos 777 (♀), 779 (♀), 783 (♂), 784 (♂), 788 (♂); 29 ♂, 17 ♀, Khasanskii distr., 59 km SW Slavyanka, Furugelm Isl., 42 ° 27 ′ 55 ″ N 130 ° 55 ′ 10 ″ E, 20 – 22.09.2012, gen. slides 186 (♂) YuZ, 187, 189, 191 (♂♂), 188, 192, 193 (♀♀) MP (leg. M. Ponomarenko), all in FSCB. Primorskii Krai: 2 ♂, 2 ♀, paratypes, 1 km SW of Vladivostok, Russkii Isl., Rogozin cape, 42 ° 59 ’ 13 ” N 131 ° 44 ’ 47 ” E, 26.08, 29.08.2022 (leg. M. Ponomarenko and E. Beljaev), all in ZIN.	en	Ponomarenko, Margarita G. (2024): Taxonomic status of Xyrosaris melanopsamma Meyrick, 1931 (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) with notes on congeneric species in East Asia. Zootaxa 5486 (3): 338-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2
03860D5ADF1AFFD0FF6DBD076C87FA03.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russian Far East (Primorskii Krai), South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu).	en	Ponomarenko, Margarita G. (2024): Taxonomic status of Xyrosaris melanopsamma Meyrick, 1931 (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) with notes on congeneric species in East Asia. Zootaxa 5486 (3): 338-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2
03860D5ADF1AFFD0FF6DBD076C87FA03.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plants. Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.,? Euonymus alatus f. ciliatodentatus Hiyama (Celastraceae).	en	Ponomarenko, Margarita G. (2024): Taxonomic status of Xyrosaris melanopsamma Meyrick, 1931 (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) with notes on congeneric species in East Asia. Zootaxa 5486 (3): 338-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2
03860D5ADF1AFFD0FF6DBD076C87FA03.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The narrow trophic specialization was noted for larvae of this species. When the larvae were reared in laboratory conditions, they fed on Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. only, refusing to eat even a closely related species C. flagellaris Rupr., belonging to the same botanic genus. Unfortunately, in a recently published work (Na & Bae 2024), the specimen reared from Euonymus alatus f. ciliatodentatus Hiyama is not indicated in the examined material. Also, it is unclear whether its genitalia are illustrated. Moreover, the authors gave an erroneous combination of plant species with the generic name “ E [uonymus] orbiculatus ”, which causes confusion in the host plants of this species and wrongly associate the main host plant Celastrus orbiculatus, on which 68 specimens were collected and reared, with the genus Euonymus.	en	Ponomarenko, Margarita G. (2024): Taxonomic status of Xyrosaris melanopsamma Meyrick, 1931 (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) with notes on congeneric species in East Asia. Zootaxa 5486 (3): 338-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2
03860D5ADF1AFFD0FF6DB93069A3F95A.taxon	distribution	Type locality: Mt. Baeka – san, Hwasun – gun, Jeollanamdo Province, South Korea. Distribution. South Korea.	en	Ponomarenko, Margarita G. (2024): Taxonomic status of Xyrosaris melanopsamma Meyrick, 1931 (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) with notes on congeneric species in East Asia. Zootaxa 5486 (3): 338-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2
03860D5ADF1AFFD0FF6DB93069A3F95A.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plants. Unknown.	en	Ponomarenko, Margarita G. (2024): Taxonomic status of Xyrosaris melanopsamma Meyrick, 1931 (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) with notes on congeneric species in East Asia. Zootaxa 5486 (3): 338-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.2
