taxonID	type	description	language	source
038787CB0C0DFFCAD2D4F8AD66C3F8EC.taxon	description	(Figures 2 A – 2 G)	en	Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, Hamada, Neusa (2018): New species, records, and immature stages of Chimarra Stephens (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Campos Amazônicos National Park, northern Brazil. Zootaxa 4500 (2): 258-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.2.6
038787CB0C0DFFCAD2D4F8AD66C3F8EC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype male. BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manicoré, Campos Amazônicos National Park, confluence of the Igarapé do Veado with the Rio Macaco, 08 ° 25 ' 23.9 '' S, 61 ° 42 ' 02.9 '' W, 79 m a. s. l., 04. vii. 2017, N. Hamada, G. R. Desidério, P. V. Cruz, J. O. Silva legs., sheet LED light (INPA).	en	Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, Hamada, Neusa (2018): New species, records, and immature stages of Chimarra Stephens (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Campos Amazônicos National Park, northern Brazil. Zootaxa 4500 (2): 258-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.2.6
038787CB0C0DFFCAD2D4F8AD66C3F8EC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Chimarra (Chimarrita) singularis sp. nov. male resembles that of C. (Chimarrita) xingu Blahnik 1997 by sharing prominent dorsal ridges on segment IX. However, in the new species these structures are covered with short fine setae. The new species also has a pair of mesal, arrow-shaped ridges on segment IX that are strongly sclerotized, while in C. xingu the ridges are differently shaped, converge posteriorly, and are lightly sclerotized. Additionally, C. singularis sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from all other species in the subgenus by the small, dark, rounded subapical lobe on the mesal surface of each inferior appendage.	en	Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, Hamada, Neusa (2018): New species, records, and immature stages of Chimarra Stephens (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Campos Amazônicos National Park, northern Brazil. Zootaxa 4500 (2): 258-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.2.6
038787CB0C0DFFCAD2D4F8AD66C3F8EC.taxon	description	Description. Male adult. Forewing length 3.1 mm (n = 1). Overall color (in alcohol) nearly uniformly pale brown, palps dark; thorax ventrally, meso- and metacoxae yellowish; antennae indistinctly annulated (Fig. 2 A). Head very short and somewhat flattened; anteromesal and anterior setal warts with tufts of yellow setae; posterolateral setal warts with tufts of dark setae; posterior parietal sclerite narrowly meeting on posterolateral portion, slightly extending below eye. Maxillary palps relatively short, 2 nd segment longer than 3 rd segment, apicomesally with stout setae (Fig. 2 B). Forewing venation typical for the subgenus; Rs straight; crossveins r, s, and r-m nearly linearly arranged and unpigmented, crossvein m-cu and apex of Cu 2 also hyaline; A 2 with apparent apical “ fork, ” that to A 1 elongate and broadly rounded and that to A 3 shortest (Fig. 2 C 1). Hind wing: R 1 not fused to Sc; Rs 4 - branched, M 3 - branched (Fig. 2 C 2). Male pretarsal claws symmetrical, unmodified. Male genitalia. Segment IX synsclerous, in dorsal view slightly longer than wide; anterodorsal margin slightly convex; dorsally with mesal and dorsolateral ridges from posterior to anterior margins, spaces among them covered with many short fine setae, mesal pair of ridges arrow-shaped strongly sclerotized (Fig. 2 E); their posterolateral margins angularly projecting at level of bases of inferior appendages, apex rounded; in ventral view anteroventral margin expanded, with apex rounded; in lateral view ventral process elongate, narrow, acute, almost straight (Fig. 2 D). Tergum X short, fused to segment IX; in dorsal view, apex with deep U-shaped mesal excision, extending about ½ length of tergum, forming narrow paired lateral lobes with acute and mesad-directed apices (Fig. 2 E); apical lobes and lateral margins of tergum with numerous sensilla (Fig. 2 D). Preanal appendages very small, rounded, fused to terga near base of tergum X (Figs. 2 D, 2 E). Inferior appendages of moderate length, in lateral view, each nearly linear, slightly inflated basoventrally, subtruncate apically (Fig. 2 D); in dorsal or ventral views, widest basally and narrowing in apical half; apex rounded, with small, dark, rounded subapical lobe on mesal surface (Figs. 2 F 1, 2 F 2). Phallotheca elongate, tubular, with rounded phallobase and distinct apicoventral extension; phallic spine single, stout, curved, elongate (subequal in length to phallotheca), emerging ventrally near phallobase; apex of phallotheca ventrally projecting, angularly truncate, pointed; endotheca elongate, slightly inflated in basal half (Fig. 2 G); phallotremal sclerite complex evident as two sclerotized pieces: (1) elongate, slender rod at base of endotheca, and (2) claw-shaped sclerite apically (Fig. 2 G). Female and immature stages. Unknown.	en	Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, Hamada, Neusa (2018): New species, records, and immature stages of Chimarra Stephens (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Campos Amazônicos National Park, northern Brazil. Zootaxa 4500 (2): 258-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.2.6
038787CB0C0DFFCAD2D4F8AD66C3F8EC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is an allusion to the distinct morphology of the inferior appendages of this species. Derived from the Latin, singularis means “ characteristic, unique, remarkable. ”	en	Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, Hamada, Neusa (2018): New species, records, and immature stages of Chimarra Stephens (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Campos Amazônicos National Park, northern Brazil. Zootaxa 4500 (2): 258-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.2.6
038787CB0C0DFFCAD2D4F8AD66C3F8EC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Chimarra (Chimarrita) is currently divided into two species groups (Blahnik 1997; Kjer et al. 2014): the C. (Chimarrita) rosalesi Group (7 species) and the C. (Chimarrita) simpliciforma Group (14 species, including the new species described here). Species in the latter group are recognized by having the male phallic apparatus with a single, elongate spine emerging basodorsally from the phallotheca. Females in this group bear a ventral process on sternum VII, reduced or absent apodemes on segment IX, and tergum and sternum IX both elongate (Blahnik 1997). All species in the simpliciforma Group occur in Brazil, mainly distributed in the Southeast region: (C. camella Blahnik 1997, C. camura Blahnik 1997, C. curvipenis Blahnik & Holzenthal 2012, C. heligma Blahnik 1997, C. kontilos Blahnik 1997, C. latiforceps Blahnik & Holzenthal 2012, C. majuscula Blahnik 1997), Amazon Basin (C. akantha Blahnik 1997, C. heppneri Blahnik 1997, C. simpliciforma Blahnik 1997, C. tortuosa Blahnik 1997, C. xingu); and a few in the Northeast region: (C. anticheira Vilarino & Calor 2015, C. heppneri, C. kontilos).	en	Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, Hamada, Neusa (2018): New species, records, and immature stages of Chimarra Stephens (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Campos Amazônicos National Park, northern Brazil. Zootaxa 4500 (2): 258-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.2.6
038787CB0C0EFFCBD2D4F87D6675FDEB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manicoré, Campos Amazônicos National Park, Igarapé da Onça, 08 ° 37 ' 50.6 '' S, 61 ° 25 ' 53.4 '' W, 138 m a. s. l., 6 males, vii – viii. 2017, N. Hamada, G. R. Desidério, P. V. Cruz, J. O. Silva legs., Malaise trap (INPA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Amazonas).	en	Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, Hamada, Neusa (2018): New species, records, and immature stages of Chimarra Stephens (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Campos Amazônicos National Park, northern Brazil. Zootaxa 4500 (2): 258-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.2.6
038787CB0C0EFFCBD2D4F87D6675FDEB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species differs from all other species in the C. simpliciforma Group due to the lobes of tergum X being narrow and widely separated basally; inferior appendages, in lateral view, each wide at apex and shallowly incised, with subequal dorsal and ventral lobes; and the phallus with numerous short, sclerous internal spines. Chimarra (Chimarrita) akantha was previously known only from the type locality (Manaus, Reserva Ducke). With the specimens collected in the present study, the species distribution is extended to the southern-most part of Amazonas state.	en	Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, Hamada, Neusa (2018): New species, records, and immature stages of Chimarra Stephens (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Campos Amazônicos National Park, northern Brazil. Zootaxa 4500 (2): 258-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.2.6
038787CB0C0FFFCBD2D4FD74647EFB0F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manicoré, Campos Amazônicos National Park, Igarapé da Anta, 08 ° 26 ' 56.3 '' S, 61 ° 45 ' 01.2 '' W, 80 m a. s. l., 1 male, 03 – 04. vii. 2017, N. Hamada, G. R. Desidério, P. V. Cruz, J. O. Silva legs., Pennsylvania trap (INPA); Igarapé da Onça, 08 ° 37 ' 50.6 '' S, 61 ° 25 ' 53.4 '' W, 138 m a. s. l., 1 male, vii – viii. 2017, N. Hamada, G. R. Desidério, P. V. Cruz, J. O. Silva legs., Malaise trap (INPA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Amazonas, Maranhão), PERU (Loreto).	en	Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, Hamada, Neusa (2018): New species, records, and immature stages of Chimarra Stephens (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Campos Amazônicos National Park, northern Brazil. Zootaxa 4500 (2): 258-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.2.6
038787CB0C0FFFCBD2D4FD74647EFB0F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species can be easily distinguished from other species in the C. simpliciforma Group by the shape of the inferior appendages of the male, each of which has a prominent dorsal hook-like process and an apex mesally curved and dorsoventrally flattened, and by the very short phallothecal spine. Chimarra (Chimarrita) heppneri was previously known only from its type locality. Recently, it was reported for the first time from Brazil, in Maranhão state (Northeast Region) (Desidério et al. 2017). Here we provide the first records of this species from Amazonas state, northern Brazil.	en	Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, Hamada, Neusa (2018): New species, records, and immature stages of Chimarra Stephens (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Campos Amazônicos National Park, northern Brazil. Zootaxa 4500 (2): 258-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.2.6
038787CB0C0FFFCBD2D4FADA6675F852.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manicoré, Campos Amazônicos National Park, Igarapé da Onça, 08 ° 37 ' 50.6 '' S, 61 ° 25 ' 53.4 '' W, 138 m a. s. l., 1 male, 3 females, 04 – 08. vii. 2017, N. Hamada, G. R. Desidério, P. V. Cruz, J. O. Silva legs., Malaise trap (INPA); 3 males, vii – viii. 2017, N. Hamada, G. R. Desidério, P. V. Cruz, J. O. Silva legs. (INPA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Amazonas, Pará, Piauí, Maranhão).	en	Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, Hamada, Neusa (2018): New species, records, and immature stages of Chimarra Stephens (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Campos Amazônicos National Park, northern Brazil. Zootaxa 4500 (2): 258-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.2.6
038787CB0C0FFFCBD2D4FADA6675F852.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species differs from all other species in the C. aurivittata Group due to its shallowly divided eighth tergal lobe, inferior appendages fused mesally in the basal third of their length, with apices pointed and distinctly curved outward, and phallus with 26 to 29 short, dark internal spines. Chimarra (Curgia) jugescens is commonly found in Central Amazonia, Brazil. However, it was recently reported to the Northeast region, in Maranhão (Desidério et al. 2017) and Piauí (Takiya et al. 2016) states. With the specimens collected in the present study, the species distribution is extended to the southern-most part of Amazonas state.	en	Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, Hamada, Neusa (2018): New species, records, and immature stages of Chimarra Stephens (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Campos Amazônicos National Park, northern Brazil. Zootaxa 4500 (2): 258-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.2.6
038787CB0C0AFFC2D2D4FF69647FF945.taxon	description	(Figures 3 – 5)	en	Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, Hamada, Neusa (2018): New species, records, and immature stages of Chimarra Stephens (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Campos Amazônicos National Park, northern Brazil. Zootaxa 4500 (2): 258-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.2.6
038787CB0C0AFFC2D2D4FF69647FF945.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manicoré, Campos Amazônicos National Park, confluence of the Rio Macaco with the Rio Branco, 08 ° 22 ' 04.5 '' S, 61 ° 43 ' 28.3 '' W, 77 m a. s. l., 1 female, 1 male, 06 – 07. vii. 2017, N. Hamada, G. R. Desidério, P. V. Cruz, J. O. Silva legs., Pennsylvania trap (INPA); 11 larvae, 07. vii. 2017, N. Hamada, G. R. Desidério, P. V. Cruz, J. O. Silva legs. (INPA); Igarapé do Veado, 08 ° 26 ' 27.4 '' S, 61 ° 39 ' 37.3 '' W, 93 m a. s. l., 1 larva, 07. vii. 2017, N. Hamada, G. R. Desidério, P. V. Cruz, J. O. Silva legs. (INPA); Rio Branco, 08 ° 26 ' 15.5 '' S, 61 ° 45 ' 01.9 '' W, 66 m a. s. l.: 1 male, 04 – 05. vii. 2017, N. Hamada, G. R. Desidério, P. V. Cruz, J. O. Silva legs., Pennsylvania trap (INPA); 2 pharate males, 60 larvae, 06. vii. 2017, N. Hamada, G. R. Desidério, P. V. Cruz, J. O. Silva legs. (INPA); 2 males, 3 females, 07. vii. 2017, N. Hamada, G. R. Desidério, P. V. Cruz, J. O. Silva legs., Sheet LED light (INPA); Mato Grosso: Colniza, Rio Jatuarana, 08 ° 48 ' 07.6 '' S, 61 ° 25 ' 09.5 '' W, 107 m a. s. l., 2 larvae, 05. vii. 2017, N. Hamada, G. R. Desidério, P. V. Cruz, J. O. Silva legs. (INPA). Larva (5 th instar) (Figs. 3 – 4). Length 8.41 – 11.05 mm (mean = 9.87 mm, SD = 0.95 mm, n = 5). Head. Subrectangular in dorsal view; pale yellow. Stemmata double, anterior larger than posterior; each stemma set surrounded by pale oval spot in lateral view. Spots on head conspicuous; 6 – 7 pale oval spots posteriorly on each parietal apotome in dorsal view (Fig. 3 B). Chaetotaxy consisting of # 01, # 02, # 03, # 04, # 05, # 06, # 09, # 14 [dorsal setae], # 07, # 12, # 13 [lateral setae], and # 08, # 18 [ventral setae] (i. e., setae # 15, # 16, and # 17 not evident); primary setae mostly long, thick and dark; seta 18 short, pale brown, located midanteriorly and about 1 / 4 length of head behind ventral apotome (Fig. 3 F). Anterior margin of frontoclypeus pale brown; asymmetrical, deep notch, left margin projecting farther than right and with medial lobe small, rounded; frontoclypeal suture keyhole-shaped (Figs. 3 B, 3 C). Coronal suture 1 / 4 as long as head. Labrum pale yellow, membranous, T-shaped; anterior margin straight, with setal brush along all its anterior margin and with small median notch (Fig. 3 B). Mandibles asymmetrical, each with external margin bearing two fine, pale setae; left mandible with 1 slightly bilobed molar tooth, 6 finely serrate mesal teeth, 1 pointed subapical tooth, 1 sharp large apical tooth, and 1 pointed, subapicodorsal tooth between latter two teeth; right mandible with 1 triangular molar tooth, 3 finely serrate mesal teeth, 1 pointed subapical tooth, 1 sharp large apical tooth, and 1 pointed subapicodorsal tooth between latter two teeth (Fig. 3 D). Lateral sides of head with three to four pale brown muscle scars barely visible near occipital margin (Fig. 3 E). Submentum trapezoidal, large, anterior margin slightly accentuated medially, with two long, dark anterolateral setae. Ventral apotome transversely subtriangular, 1 / 2 as broad as head (Fig. 3 F). Thorax. Pronotum sclerotized, pale brown, posteriorly with black border, divided by longitudinal ecdysial line, and with dorsolateral depressions on anterior third and posterior quarter of each side of sclerite; with 5 pairs of pale marginal setae and 3 – 4 pairs of medium to long, slender, dark brown submarginal setae, on mid-region (two pairs of setae), and posterior third (four pairs of setae) (Fig. 4 A); black posterolateral pronotal margin reaching base of one short brown seta, and interrupted laterally by light spot before posterior margin (Fig. 4 B). Meso- and metanota membranous, white, with two posterior, long, dark setae on mesonota (Fig. 3 A). Foretrochantin short, with blunt anterior apex; with long, slender posterior portion tapering to rounded apex (Fig. 4 B). Legs yellowish brown. Foreleg coxae each with one median, pale, mid-lateral spike-like seta, and two long ventro-distal setae on external surface in lateral view (Fig. 4 C 1), two dark mid-dorsal setae (one short and one long), and one median seta ventrodistal on internal surface in dorsal view (Fig. 4 C 2); coxal process subapicodorsal, long, slender, tapering to apex with one short, pointed distal seta. Foretrochanters each with one median, pale, ventro-proximal seta, four median and long, pale, ventro-distal setae in lateral view (Fig. 4 C 1), and one median, dark, distal seta on internal surface in dorsal view (Fig. 4 C 2). Forefemora each with four median, pale, mid-ventral setae; one long, dark, mid-dorsal seta; and one long, pale, dorso-distal seta. Foretibiae each with pair of median, pale, ventro-distal spike-like setae; two long, pale, dorso-distal setae, and one median, latero-distal seta in lateral view. Foretarsi each with ventral row of about 25 short pales along all of its length; one long, pale dorso-distal seta; and three latero-distal setae (Fig. 4 C 1). Mid- and hind legs similar in size, form, and chaetotaxy to foreleg except that femora each with two long, dark, and pale, mid-ventral setae, and one short, pale, latero-distal spike-like seta; tibiae each with one short, brown, ventrodistal spike-like seta; tarsi each without ventral row of setae (Figs. 4 D 1 – 4 D 2, 4 E). Abdomen. Abdominal segments membranous, whitish, with few long, thin, dark, hair-like setae. Gills absent (Fig. 3 A). Segment X with one pair of long, thin, dark, ventral hair-like setae, and membranous anal papillae (may be retracted) (Fig. 4 F). Anal prolegs each with one median pale ventral hair-like seta, another long, brown, dorsodistal seta, and with bent simple claw (Fig. 4 F). Pupa (Fig. 5). Length 4.29 – 4.66 mm (n = 2). Head. Labrum with anterior margin rounded and bearing two pairs of long setae; one pair of long, basolateral setae, and about 30 short setae grouped in middle (Fig. 5 B). Mandibles symmetrical, pale brown, broad basally, curved mesad, each tapering to bifid, pointed apex, with one long, pale seta basolaterally; inner margin with numerous short, finely serrated teeth over all its length (Fig. 5 C). Thorax. Dark brown, without conspicuous features other than those of adult specimens of Chimarra (Chimarrita) (Fig. 5 A). Abdomen. Covered with sparse setae. Lateral fringes absent. Abdominal terga with pairs of anterior hook plates (a) on segments III – VIII with hooks directed posterad; pair of posterior hook plates (p) on segment V with hooks directed anterad (Figs. 5 A, 5 D); hook-plate pair IIIa each with 1 spatulate-shaped hook bearing shallow notch; hook-plate pair IVa each with 1 spatulate-shaped hook; hook-plate pair Va each with 1 sharply pointed hook; hook-plate pair Vp each with 4 pointed, upturned hooks and 1 smaller; hook-plate pair VIa each with 3 pointed hooks; hook-plate pair VIIa each with 1 sharply pointed, long hook; hook-plate pair VIIIa each with 1 pointed, stout hook (Fig. 5 D). Apical processes of segments IX – X globose and covered with numerous long, dark setae (Fig. 5 E). Known distribution. Brazil (Amazonas, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rondônia), Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.	en	Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, Hamada, Neusa (2018): New species, records, and immature stages of Chimarra Stephens (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Campos Amazônicos National Park, northern Brazil. Zootaxa 4500 (2): 258-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.2.6
038787CB0C0AFFC2D2D4FF69647FF945.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was initially placed in the C. (Chimarra) aterrima Group, although very different from most other described species in the group (Flint 1971). The phylogenetic analysis of C. (Otarrha) performed by Blahnik (2002) indicated that C. usitatissima and its close sister taxon C. angularis are possibly basal taxa in this latter subgenus, but this hypothesis was weakly supported, and these species were retained as incertae sedis. Chimarra usitatissima and C. angularis are morphologically very similar in the adult stage, but with slight differences in the shape of tergum X and inferior appendage of the male genitalia. In the larval stage, C. usitatissima can be distinguished from the few other species in the genus with known immatures by the following characters: 6 – 7 pale oval spots posteriorly on each parietal apotome; the anterior margin of the frontoclypeus is asymmetrical with a deep notch, the left margin projecting farther than the right and with its medial lobe small, rounded; each mandible has its external margin bearing two fine, pale setae; the left mandible has one slightly bilobed molar tooth and six fine serrations; the right mandible has one triangular molar tooth and three fine serrations; the pronotum has 5 pairs of medium to long, slender, pale marginal setae and 3 – 4 pairs of medium to long, slender, dark brown submarginal setae, two pairs setae on the mid-region and four pairs on the posterior third; the shape of the coxal process of foreleg; the number and position of setae on the legs (for example, foreleg tibiae each with a pair of medium, pale, ventro-distal spike-like setae; the tarsi each have a ventral row of about 25 short, pale setae; and the mid- and hind tibia each have one short, brown, ventro-distal spike-like seta. The pupa of C. usitatissima is recognized mainly by the mandibles each tapering to a bifid, pointed apex and the inner margin with numerous short, finely serrated teeth; and the number and shape of hooks on the hook-plates of the abdominal terga (for example, hook-plate pairs IIIa and IVa each with 1 spatula-shaped hook). Chimarra usitatissima is widely distributed in the Amazon Basin, mainly in the forested region of the Brazilian portion of the basin. However, in Brazil it also occurs in fragments of Cerrado in the states of Maranhão, Minas Gerais, and Amazonas (Campos Amazônicos National Park).	en	Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, Hamada, Neusa (2018): New species, records, and immature stages of Chimarra Stephens (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Campos Amazônicos National Park, northern Brazil. Zootaxa 4500 (2): 258-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.2.6
