identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0387D4283711FFF68BA5915AFE3CF944.text	0387D4283711FFF68BA5915AFE3CF944.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cophixalus flavopunctatus Günther & Nagombi & Richards 2025	<div><p>Cophixalus flavopunctatus sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 879302FF-B5F9-44BD-8667-8F6896881523</p><p>Figs 1–2</p><p>Holotype. SAMA R72173 (Field Number: SJR 13431), adult male, Papua New Guinea, Gulf Province, Purari Hydro Camp 4 (7.5669°S, 145.2539°E; 60 m a.s.l.), collected by S.J. Richards on 30 October 2011.</p><p>Paratypes (n = 11). All Papua New Guinea, Gulf Province. SAMA R72174 (FN SJR 13432), adult male, ZMB 94721 (FN SJR 13433), subadult, same details as holotype; SAMA R72172 (FN SJR 14970), adult male, ZMB 94722 (FN SJR 14969), adult female, Total PLNG Site 1 (7.1464°S, 145.1408°E; 100 m a.s.l.), collected by S.J. Richards and E. Nagombi on 21 and 22 January 2016 respectively; SAMA R72423 (FN SJR 14436), R72425 (FN SJR 14437), both adult females, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.2453&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.0525" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.2453/lat -7.0525)">Purari Hydro Staging Camp</a> (7.0525°S, 145.2453°E; 50 m a.s.l.), collected by S.J. Richards on 14 July 2011; SAMA R72424 (FN SJR 14320) , R72426 (FN SJR 14315), adult females, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.1031&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.9438" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.1031/lat -6.9438)">Purari Hydro Camp 8</a> (6.9438°S, 145.1031°E; 90 m a.s.l.), collected by S.J. Richards on 28 and 26 June 2012 respectively; SAMA R72419 (FN SJR 14361) adult male , <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.992&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.97614" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.992/lat -6.97614)">Purari Hydro Camp 9</a> (6.97614°S, 144.9920°E; 100 m a.s.l.), collected by S.J. Richards on 1 July 2012; SAMA R72427 (FN SJR 15066) , PNGMN (FN SJR 15090), adult females, Total <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.2189&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.491" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.2189/lat -7.491)">PLNG Site 3</a> (7.4910°S, 145.2189°E; 145 m a.s.l.), collected by S.J. Richards and E. Nagombi on 3 and 6 February 2016 respectively .</p><p>Diagnosis. The new species is assigned to Cophixalus Boettger, 1892 on the basis of the following combination of characters: jaws eleutherognathine; clavicles and procoracoids absent; third toe longer than fifth; and nesting in the Cophixalus clade according to molecular data presented by Richards et al. (2021). We follow Frost (2024) in not accepting the recommendation of Dubois et al. (2021) to synonymise the genus name Cophixalus with Asterophrys Tschudi, 1838 .</p><p>Distinguished from congeners by its small size (SUL 13.5–15.5 mm in 11 mature specimens) and the following unique combination of characters: head relatively short (HL/SUL 0.30–0.34); legs relatively long (TL/SUL 0.53– 0.58); third toe clearly longer than fifth; terminal discs of fingers larger than or same size as those of toes; dorsal skin ridges restricted to scapular region; dorsal and lateral surfaces in life grey- to green-beige with conspicuous saffron yellow (RAL 1017) tubercles; loreal region not black; advertisement call with 22–27 peeping notes, the first ones longer than subsequent notes, with repetition rate of 1.77–2.04 notes/s and peak of dominant frequency at 4.8–4.9 kHz.</p><p>Description of the holotype (Fig. 1A–F). For measurements see Table 1. Head slightly broader than long (HL/HW 0.94); canthus rostralis well defined; loreal region concave; snout weakly protruding in profile, rounded in dorsal and ventral views; nostrils close to canthus rostralis and near tip of snout (Fig. 1A); eye diameter longer than eye-naris distance (ED/END 1.27); tympanum poorly defined, half size of eye (TyD/ED 0.50); internarial distance slightly less than eye-naris distance (END/IND 0.94); tongue strap-shaped, free laterally and posteriorly, posterior margin with shallow indentation; prepharyngeal ridge weakly developed with indistinct dermal denticles; vocal slits on both sides of tongue clearly pronounced. Dorsally skin smooth with irregularly distributed tubercles, these much more pronounced in life than in preservative. Scapular region with W-shaped glandular ridges, abdomen slightly granular, all remaining ventral surfaces smooth (Fig. 1A–D). Legs relatively long (TL/SUL 0.55); no webbing between fingers and toes; tips of finger 1 and toe 1 slightly expanded, discs on other fingers and toes wider, all with circum-marginal grooves; disc of toe 4 narrower than disc of finger 3 (T4D/F3D 0.86); relative lengths of fingers 3&gt; 4&gt; 2&gt; 1 (Fig. 1E); third toe longer than fifth, relative length of toes 4&gt; 3&gt; 5&gt; 2&gt; 1 (Fig. 1F); subarticular tubercles on fingers and toes and inner metatarsal tubercle scarcely developed.</p><p>Colour in life. Iris light yellow dorsally and ventrally, yellow orange (RAL 2000) anteriorly and posteriorly, entire iris with very sparse dark brown veining. Dorsal surfaces predominantly grey-beige (RAL 1019) with blackbrown (RAL 8022) and light ivory (RAL 1015) blotches (Fig.1A). Dorsolateral surfaces of body and dorsal shanks with conspicuous saffron yellow tubercles. Ventral surfaces pearl white (RAL 1013) with blackish speckles on throat, sides of abdomen and posterior shanks. Posterior abdomen and ventral shanks with yellowish hue (Fig. 1B).</p><p>Colour in preservative. Dorsal surfaces brown, with variably dense covering of clay-brown (RAL 8003) dots; canthal stripe terra-brown (RAL 8028); W-shaped scapular ridges, dorsolateral and lateral spots on body, and flecks on posterior dorsum and on dorsal limbs terra-brown (Fig. 1C). Basic colour of ventral surfaces light-ivory (RAL 1015); abdomen unspotted; throat, chest and limbs covered with variably dense clay-brown dots (Fig. 1D). Dorsal and lateral tubercles that were saffron yellow in life have become pale ivory (RAL 1015) in preservative.</p><p>Variation. Body length of four adult Cophixalus flavopunctatus sp. nov. males is 13.5–14.8 mm and of seven adult females is 13.8–15.5 mm. One specimen with an SUL of 12.3 mm is subadult. Variation in measurements and body ratios of the type series is minimal (Table 1). Base colour of dorsal surfaces in life varies from grey-beige (Fig. 1A) to green-beige (RAL 1000) (Fig.1G) and dorsal spots are dark brown or blackish in life and in preservative and vary in number and intensity. Eight of the 12 type specimens exhibit a W-shaped mark on the anterior dorsum and all 12 type specimens exhibit a light interocular stripe which is delimited posteriorly by a dark brown stripe or a brown area. Only one specimen (SAMA R72425) lacks mottling on dorsal surfaces. Base colour of ventral surfaces in preservative light-ivory, abdomen without or with only a few spots; throat, anterior chest and lower surfaces of hind limbs covered with copper-brown (RAL 8004) and/or dark brown spots of variable intensity. Colour in life of three specimens, the holotype and paratypes SAMA R72172 and R72174, was documented. Like the holotype, saffron yellow tubercles on dorsal and lateral surfaces of these two paratypes changed to light ivory in preservative. It is likely that light ivory dorsal and lateral tubercles, including conspicuous tubercle posteroventral of tympanum that is exhibited by most of the type series, were saffron yellow in life.</p><p>Vocalization. We analysed in detail one advertisement call from the holotype, SAMA R72173, recorded at an air temperature of 28°C. The call is a note series containing 27 harmonic notes sounding like “eep-eep-eep” with a repetition rate of 2.04 notes/s and lasting 13.25 s (Fig. 2A). Note length decreases gradually during the call. The first note is the longest (353 ms), followed by four shorter notes longer than 300 ms, nine notes between 236–277 ms and the remaining 13 notes between 208–240 ms. Mean note length is 248±39 ms, range 208–353 ms and mean inter-note interval is 254±65 ms, range 210–532 ms. Notes start sharply with maximum amplitude, which then has an irregular pattern and ends more or less abruptly (Fig. 2B). There are six harmonics; the fundamental frequency is very weakly expressed at 2.45 kHz and the dominant frequency is focused around 4.90 kHz (Fig. 2C, D). Two additional unvouchered calls recorded at the same locality and temperature that we refer to this species last 11.9 and 12.6 s and contain 22 and 23 notes produced at a repetition rate of 1.8 notes/s. Dominant frequency is 4.8–4.9 kHz. The call produced by the holotype is available on Xeno-Canto (XC964725).</p><p>Distribution, habitats and habits. Cophixalus flavopunctatus sp. nov. is known from a handful of localities in the lowland forests of Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea (Fig. 6). These are centred on the Purari River Basin but calls tentatively associated with this species have also been heard at Kopi in the adjacent Kikori River Basin (Fig. 6). Males call sporadically during the morning and late afternoon, particularly after rain, from within litter on the forest floor. Calling was rarely heard at night and no individuals were encountered in elevated positions on low foliage. Calling sites were concentrated on the banks of deeply dissected creek lines in lowland rainforest (Fig. 3), but some individuals were heard calling from more gently sloping terrain.</p><p>This species occurs in sympatry with at least 23 other microhylid frogs at sites where it was documented in the Purari Basin: Asterophrys slateri Loveridge, 1955, Austrochaperina cf. palmipes, Austrochaperina sp., Callulops marmoratus, Ca. taxispilotus Kraus, 2019, Choerophryne alainduboisi Günther &amp; Richards, 2018, Ch. bickfordi, Ch. crucifer Günther &amp; Richards, 2017, Cophixalus cheesmanae Parker, 1934, Cophixalus hannahae Richards &amp; Günther, 2019, Copiula derongo (Zweifel, 2000), Copiula sp. (probably mosbyae), two undescribed Hylophorbus species, Mantophryne lateralis Boulenger, 1897, Oreophryne nicolasi Richards &amp; Günther, 2019, O. oviprotector Günther, Richards, Bickford &amp; Johnston, 2012, O. pseudunicolor Günther &amp; Richards, 2016, the new Oreophryne species described below, Sphenophryne cornuta Peters &amp; Doria, 1878, S. schlaginhaufeni Wandolleck, 1911, Xenorhina lacrimosa and X. pohleorum Günther &amp; Richards, 2021 .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a compound adjective; flavus is a masculine Latin adjective and means yellow and punctatus is Latin for dotted. Flavopunctatus refers to the yellow dots on various dorsal surfaces of the new species.</p><p>Comparison with other species. Below we compare the new species with all New Guinean congeners of a similar size (SUL ~ 13.5–15.5 mm). Cophixalus flavopunctatus sp. nov. can be distinguished from the following species by having the finger discs clearly broader than the toe discs (vs. finger discs narrower or the same size as toe discs): Cophixalus albolineatus Kraus, 2012, C. amabilis Kraus, 2012, C. desticans Kraus &amp; Allison, 2009, C. humicola Günther, 2006, C. interruptus Kraus &amp;Allison, 2009, C. iovaorum Kraus &amp;Allison, 2009, C. kethuk Kraus &amp; Allison, 2009, C. melanops Kraus &amp; Allison, 2009, C. phaeobalius Kraus &amp; Allison, 2009, C. tomaiodactylus Kraus &amp; Allison, 2009, C. tridactylus Günther, 2006 and C. verecundus Zweifel &amp; Parker, 1989 . It differs from Cophixalus linnaeus Kraus &amp; Allison, 2009 by having finger discs broader than or subequal to toe discs but it can be distinguished from individuals of that species with subequal discs by lacking a dark subocular blotch and obscure dark X-mark in the suprascapular region (vs. present). It differs from the following species by having a moderately well-developed first finger (vs. strongly reduced): C. ateles (Boulenger, 1898), C. bewaniensis Kraus &amp; Allison, 2000, C. brevidigitus Günther &amp; Richards, 2021, C. desticans, C. humicola, C. melanogenys Günther &amp; Richards, 2021, C. pulchellus Kraus &amp; Allison, 2000, C. tomaiodactylus and C. tridactylus Günther, 2006 and from the following species by lacking (vs. having) a black “face mask”: C. albolineatus, C. amabilis, C. desticans, C. iovaorum, C. kethuk, C. melanogenys, C. melanops and C. sphagnicola Zweifel &amp; Allison, 1982 . It can be distinguished from C. tenuidactylus Günther &amp; Richards, 2012, by having terminal discs on most fingers and toes (vs. lacking terminal discs on all digits) and from C. tagulensis Zweifel, 1963 by lacking (vs. having) webbed toes.</p><p>The new species has longer shanks than C. daymani Zweifel, 1956 (TL/SVL&gt;0.50 vs. &lt;0.50) and can be distinguished from C. misimae Richards &amp; Oliver, 2007 by lacking (vs. having) a distinct black lateral band. It has longer shanks (TL/SUL 0.53–0.58 vs. TL/SVL 0.46) and a narrower head (HW/SUL 0.33–0.37 vs. HW/SVL 0.43) than C. pictus Kraus, 2012 and has longer shanks (TL/SUL&gt;0.53 vs. TL/SVL &lt;0.53) and a higher END/IND ratio (&gt;0.87 vs. &lt;0.76) than C. shellyi Zweifel, 1956 . It is smaller than C. variabilis Kraus &amp; Allison, 2006 (SUL 13.5–15.5 mm vs. SVL to 19.7 mm) (Kraus &amp; Allison 2006), and further differs in having yellow tubercles on dorsal and lateral surfaces (vs. absent), and longer call notes (208–353 ms vs.78–196 ms) with shorter inter-note intervals (210–532 ms vs. 196–1070) and a higher dominant frequency (4.8 kHz vs. 4.2 kHz). It has longer limbs than C. timidus Kraus &amp; Allison, 2006 (TL/SUL 0.53–0.58 vs. TL/SVL 0.42–0.52) and has yellow tubercles on dorsal and lateral surfaces (vs. absent) and calls with more notes (22–27 vs. 9–14). Cophixalus flavopunctatus sp. nov. is most similar to C. viridis Günther, Richards &amp; Dahl, 2014 and C. wempi Richards &amp; Oliver, 2010 . It can be distinguished from the former species by having a dorsum that is grey-beige to green-beige (vs. green) with yellow tubercles (vs. yellow tubercles lacking). The calls of the two species also differ markedly. That of C. flavopunctatus sp. nov. is a long series of slowly repeated peeping notes while that of C. viridis is a rapid ‘trill’ containing more than 80 notes in less than 5 seconds (Günther et al. 2014). It differs from C. wempi in having yellow tubercles on the dorsum (vs. lacking), and lacking a spiniform tubercle on each upper eye lid and a series of elongate tubercles along the outer edge of the limbs (vs. present).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0387D4283711FFF68BA5915AFE3CF944	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Günther, Rainer;Nagombi, Elizah;Richards, Stephen J.	Günther, Rainer, Nagombi, Elizah, Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Two new species of microhylid frogs (Cophixalus, Oreophryne) from the Purari River Basin, Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 5604 (3): 234-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.2
0387D428371BFFF08BA591F6FBBFFAD4.text	0387D428371BFFF08BA591F6FBBFFAD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oreophryne purari Günther & Nagombi & Richards 2025	<div><p>Oreophryne purari sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F83C1881-C37C-4B72-B7E6-629D2FC01DE4</p><p>Figs 4A–F, 5</p><p>Holotype. SAMA R72179 (Field Number: SJR 15129), adult male, Papua New Guinea, Gulf Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.1904&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.3518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.1904/lat -7.3518)">Purari River Basin, Total PLNG Site 4</a> (7.3518°S, 145.1904°E; 30 m a.s.l.), collected by S.J. Richards and E. Nagombi on 13 February 2016.</p><p>Paratypes. None</p><p>Diagnosis. The new species is assigned to Oreophryne on the basis of the following combination of characters: jaws eleutherognathine; procoracoids present; and clavicles present but not extending to scapulae. We follow Frost (2024) in not accepting the recommendation of Dubois et al. (2021) to synonymise the genus name Oreophryne with Asterophrys .</p><p>A medium-sized species of Oreophryne (SUL 24.0 mm in the only male) distinguished from congeners by the following unique combination of characters: procoracoid cartilaginous, extending from middle of chest to scapula; head short (HL/SUL 0.27); tympanum small (TyD/ED 0.24); internarial distance about same as eye-naris distance; legs short (TL/SUL 0.38); third and fifth toe same length; terminal disc of third finger about same size as that of fourth toe; toes 2–5 with basal webbing; ventral surfaces in life white with sparse tiny dark grey (RAL 9007) dots; dorsal and lateral surfaces covered with conspicuous pattern of large beige (RAL 1001) and beige-brown (RAL 8024) longitudinal bands; loreal region not black. Advertisement calls last 3–5 s and consist of 6–9 honking notes each with 40–50 pulses; note length 140–190 ms with a dominant frequency of 3.1 kHz.</p><p>Description of the holotype (Fig. 4A–F). Body slender (Fig. 4A). Head much broader than long (HL/HW 0.76); canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region oblique; snout tip protruding slightly in profile, roundish in dorsal and ventral view; nostrils close to canthus rostralis and near to tip of snout (Fig. 4A); eye diameter longer than eye-naris distance (ED/END 1.45); tympanum small (TyD/ED 0.24), poorly defined; internarial distance approximately same length as eye-naris distance (END/IND 1.05); tongue long and wide, free laterally and posteriorly, posterior margin notched; prepharyngeal ridge wide, with indistinct dermal denticles; vocal slits on both sides of tongue short. Dorsal surfaces smooth with few small, irregularly distributed white-capped tubercles, these visible in life and in preservative. Ventral surfaces slightly granular (Fig. 4B). Legs short (TL/SUL 0.38); fingers without webbing but toes 2–5 with basal webbing; terminal disc on finger 3 slightly wider than that on toe 4 (T4D/F3D 0.93); all discs on fingers and toes with circum-marginal grooves; relative lengths of fingers 3&gt; 4&gt; 2&gt; 1 (Fig. 4E); third toe same length as fifth, relative length of toes 4&gt; 3 = 5&gt; 2&gt; 1 (Fig. 4F); subarticular tubercles on fingers and toes and inner metatarsal tubercle weakly developed.</p><p>Body measurements and ratios: SUL 24.0; TL 9.2; TaL 6.1; FtL 9.1; T4D 1.4; T1D 0.85; HdL 6.2; F3D 1.5; F1D 1.0; HL 6.5; HW 8.6; END 2.0; IND 1.9; SL 3.4; EST 2.8; ED 2.9; TyD 0.7; TL/SUL 0.38; TaL/SUL 0.25; FtL/ SUL 0.38; T4D/SUL 0.058; T1D/SUL 0.035; HdL/SUL 0.26; F3D/SUL 0.063; F1D/SUL 0.042; T4D/F3D 0.93; T1D/F1D 0.85; HL/SUL 0.27; HW/SUL 0.36; HL/HW 0.76; END/SUL 0.083; IND/SUL 0.079; END/IND 1.05; ED/SUL 0.121; TyD/SUL 0.029; TyD/ED 0.24; SL/SUL 0.142; EST/SUL 0.117.</p><p>Colour in life. Iris light ivory dorsally and ventrally, yellow-orange (RAL 2000) anteriorly and posteriorly; entire iris with very sparse dark brown veining. Dorsal surfaces predominantly beige-brown; paravertebral surfaces with beige longitudinal bands forming X-shaped figure; a beige, partly interrupted longitudinal band present on flank; tympanum with light ivory spot; inguinal region and posterior thigh orange brown (RAL 8023). Ventral surfaces white covered by sparse tiny dark grey dots (Fig. 4B).</p><p>Colour in preservative. Dorsal surfaces predominantly clay brown (RAL 8003), light bands and spots ivory (Fig. 4C). Ventral surfaces ivory, dark dots orange brown (RAL 8023), much larger and more numerous in preservative than in life (Fig. 4D).</p><p>Vocalization. The advertisement call of Oreophryne purari sp. nov. is a series of honking notes (sensu Kraus 2016) (Fig. 5A, B). Two calls of an unvouchered male recorded at an air temperature of 27.7°C at Total PLNG Site 8 (Fig. 5, yellow star; 7.7892°S, 145.2664°E; 5 m a.s.l.) on 12 July 2016 contained 7 notes and one contained 6 notes. Call length varied from 3.17 to 3.97 s, mean 3.58 s. Because of insufficient quality, the note length of one call could not be measured. The length of 13 notes varied from 147–193 ms, mean 165.8 ms, SD 15.0. The length of 11 inter-note intervals varied from 352–572 ms, mean 425.2, SD 73.6 ms. Pulses were sufficiently well defined to count in only 7 notes, with the mean number of pulses per note 42.9, SD 2.2, range 40–46 (corresponding to 238–272 pulses/s). Note repetition rate in three calls varied from 1.76–1.94, mean 1.86 notes/s. All notes start with pulses of low amplitude and longer inter-pulse intervals; their amplitude gradually increases to maximum then drops rapidly towards the end. Terminal pulse intervals are shorter than those at the beginning of the note. The spectrogram shows five pseudoharmonic bands (Fig. 5B) with the dominant band at 3.1 kHz (Fig. 5C). Three additional, unvouchered calls of rather poor quality recorded at the type locality were very similar to the ear to these analysed calls and contained 7, 8 and 9 notes produced at a rate of 1.35–1.75 notes/s lasting a total of 4.2– 5.1 s. One of the calls analysed above has been uploaded to Xeno-Canto (XC964726).</p><p>Distribution, habitats and habits. Oreophryne purari sp. nov. is known with certainty only from three sites in the Purari River Basin in south-central Papua New Guinea (Fig. 6) where males called at night from perches&gt; 5 m high in lowland alluvial rainforest (Fig. 7). This species appeared to occur at low densities with calling males usually separated by at least 50 m and often by several hundreds of metres, although 2–3 calling males were sometimes ‘clumped’ within a small area (S. Richards, personal observation). Allison et al. (1998) reported an undescribed Oreophryne species ( Oreophryne sp. 3) similar to O. loriae from the Lakekamu Basin, approximately 130 km to the southeast of the type locality (Fig. 6) that may also represents this species, but we have been unable to examine that material. The holotype was calling from a Pandanus frond but its position on or in the frond could not be determined. Nothing else is known about this species’ ecology or behaviour.</p><p>Oreophryne purari sp. nov. occurs in sympatry with at least 14 other microhylid frogs at sites where it was documented in the Purari Basin: Asterophrys slateri, Callulops marmoratus, Ca. taxispilotus, Cophixalus flavopunctatus sp. nov., Coph. hannahae, Copiula derongo, Copi. guttata, Copi. sp. (probably mosbyae), two undescribed Hylophorbus species, Mantophryne lateralis, Oreophryne oviprotector, O.pseudunicolor, Sphenophryne cornuta and Xenorhina lacrimosa .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a proper noun in nominative and refers to the Purari River Basin, Gulf Province of Papua New Guinea, where the holotype of the new species was collected.</p><p>Comparison with other species. Oreophryne purari sp. nov. differs from all other congeners for which calls are known except O. anser Kraus, 2016, O. lemur Kraus, 2016, O. loriae, and O. philosylleptoris Kraus, 2016 by having a “honk” call (sensu Kraus 2016). It can be distinguished from these four species by having a cartilaginous procoracoid extending from the middle of the chest to the scapula (vs. ligamentous connection) and by having shorter shanks (TL/SUL 0.38 vs. TL/SVL 0.40–0.48) and having fifth and third toes of equal length (vs. fifth toe longer than third). Below we further compare the new species with congeners of a similar size that have a cartilaginous procoracoid extending from the middle of the chest to the scapula. Oreophryne purari sp. nov. can be distinguished from O. alticola Zweifel, Cogger &amp; Richards, 2005, O. brevicrus Zweifel, 1956, O. brevirostris Zweifel, Cogger &amp; Richards, 2005, O. geminus Zweifel, Cogger &amp; Richards, 2005, O. habbemensis Zweifel, Cogger &amp; Richards, 2005, and O. terrestris Zweifel, Cogger &amp; Richards, 2005 by its moderately long shanks and well-developed digital discs (vs. very short limbs and poorly-developed digital discs), and arboreal (vs. terrestrial) habits. These six species also have restricted distributions in alpine meadow habitats (Zweifel et al. 2005). It differs from Oreophryne anamiatoi Kraus &amp; Allison, 2009 by lacking (vs. having) a dark face mask, having (vs. lacking) webbing between the toes and that species has a harsh ‘rattling’ call; it is larger than O. asplenicola Günther, 2003, O. notata Zweifel, 2003, O. pseudasplenicola Günther, 2003, and O. streiffeleri Günther &amp; Richards, 2012 (male SUL 24.0 mm vs. male SUL &lt;22.5 mm), and lacks a conspicuous inverted white U- or O-shaped mark on the snout (vs. present), and all of these species have calls comprising a note train of un-pulsed peeping notes; it differs from O. clamata Günther, 2003 in its larger size (male SUL 24.0 mm vs. &lt;21 mm), having webbing between the toes (vs. absent) and that species has calls comprising loud rattling notes; it has shorter shanks than O. crucifer (van Kampen, 1913) (TL/SUL 0.38 vs.0.45) and has light longitudinal bands on the dorsum (vs. absent);</p><p>The new species has shorter shanks than O. flava Parker, 1934 (TL/SUL 0.38 vs. 0.43–0.45), wider discs on the fourth toe (T4D/SUL 0.058 vs. 0.038 –0.042), a shorter head (HL/SUL 0.27 vs. 0.31–0.34), a shorter internarial distance (IND/SUL 0.079 vs. 0.097 –0.106) and has light bands on the dorsum (vs. absent); it is larger than O. gagneorum Kraus, 2013 (male SUL 24.0 mm vs. SVL 16.3–20.0 mm) with shorter shanks (TL/SUL 0.38 vs. TL/ SVL 0.46–0.59). It differs substantially from the holotype of O. kampeni Parker, 1934 (BMNH 1947.2.12.14) in having the fourth toe disc relatively much broader than the third toe disc: T4D/F3D 0.93 vs. 0.67 in O. kampeni; smaller eyes ED/SUL 0.121 vs. 0.152 in O. kampeni; a shorter head (HL/SUL 0.27 vs. 0.34 and HL/HW 0.76 vs. 0.92 in O. kampeni and dorsum brown with light markings (vs. “dorsum pale brown with darker markings” (Menzies 2006)); it is larger than O. parkopanorum Kraus, 2013 (SUL 24.0 mm vs. SVL of three adult males 17.5–17.7 mm) with shorter shanks (TL/SUL 0.38 vs. TL/SVL 0.45–0.53); it is larger than O. phoebe Kraus, 2017, a species known only from Woodlark Island (male SUL 24.0 vs. male SVL 18.6–22.7 mm), has the length of fifth toe equal to third (vs. fifth toe longer than third) and that species has a call comprising multiple peeping notes; it is larger than O. waira Günther, 2003 (male SUL 24.0 mm vs. &lt;19 mm) with well-webbed toes (vs. only a barely detectable fringe of webbing between toes) and that species has a call comprising a series of harsh rattling notes. The structure of the procoracoid is unknown in O. wolterstorffi (Werner, 1901) but O. purari sp. nov. differs from that species in having shorter hind legs (TL/SUL 0.38 vs. 0.45 in the holotype of wolterstorffi, ZMB 16853) and less extensive webbing between the toes (toes less than half webbed vs. more than half webbed).</p><p>Oreophryne purari sp. nov. is most similar morphologically to O. loriae . The two species also have similar advertisement calls, described for O. loriae as a series of ‘honks’ by Kraus (2016). However, O. loriae has a ligamentous (vs. cartilaginous) procoracoid-scapula connection (Kraus 2016), and the structure of this connection has traditionally been one of the key diagnostic features used to distinguish among Oreophryne species (Parker 1934). We are not aware of any Oreophryne species exhibiting intra-specific variation in structure of the procoracoid-scapula connection, and F. Kraus (pers. comm.) found that the connection was uniformly ligamentous in all 24 adult specimens of O. ezra Kraus and Allison, 2009 that he examined. Until genetic data are available to test the relationships between O. loriae and the new species we consider the difference in procoracoid structure to be strong evidence that they are distinct. The new species also differs from O. loriae in colouration, with three specimens of loriae being largely dark olive dorsally in life, lacking the large pale blotches exhibited by the holotype of O. purari sp. nov. (Kraus 2016; F. Kraus pers. comm.; Fig. 4G). Oreophryne purari sp. nov. also differs from O. loriae in a number of morphometric characters: ( O. loriae data from eight males presented by Kraus (2016)): it has shorter shanks (TL/SUL 0.38 vs. TL/SVL 0.42–0.46), narrower toe discs (T4D/SUL 0.058 vs.T4D/SVL 0.060 –0.073), narrower finger discs (F3D/SUL 0.063 vs. F3D/SVL 0.065 –0.078), a shorter head (HL/SUL 0.27 vs. HL/SVL 0.31–0.34; HL/HW 0.76 vs. 0.82–0.92), and a shorter snout (END/SUL 0.083 vs. END/SVL 0.085 –0.099; IND/ SUL 0.079 vs. IND/SVL 0.081 –0.091) and EST/SUL 0.117 vs. EST/SVL 0.130 –0.150).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0387D428371BFFF08BA591F6FBBFFAD4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Günther, Rainer;Nagombi, Elizah;Richards, Stephen J.	Günther, Rainer, Nagombi, Elizah, Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Two new species of microhylid frogs (Cophixalus, Oreophryne) from the Purari River Basin, Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 5604 (3): 234-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.2
