taxonID	type	description	language	source
0387FA5FFFD4FF8E80B9FDA2FD85FCEA.taxon	description	Briareum stechei (Kukenthal, 1908) Occurrence: ZMTAU Co 35348, Dongsha, (20 ° 46.697 ' N; 116 ° 51.051 ' E), 7 - 10 m, 8 July 2011; ZMTAU Co 35385, Dongsha, (20 ° 46.689 ' N; 116 ° 47.932 ' E), 5 m, 9 July 2011; ZMTAU Co 36286, Dongsha, (20 ° 35 ' 23.5 " N; 116 ° 46 ' 52.1 " E), 6 - 10 m, 11 September 2013; ZMTAU Co 36347, Co 36374, Dongsha, (20 ° 46 ' 50.2 " N; 116 ° 48 ' 38.5 " E), 7 - 8 m, 15 September 2013; ZMTAU Co 36983, Dongsha, (20 ° 41.994 ' N; 116 ° 55.370 ' E), 4 - 6 m, 15 June 2015. Field notes: Common. Distribution in Taiwan: Southern Taiwan.	en	Benayahu, Yehuda, Ofwegen, Leendert Pieter van, Dai, Chang-feng, Jeng, Ming-Shiou, Soong, Keryea, Shlagman, Alex, Du, Samuel W., Hong, Prudence, Imam, Nimrah H., Chung, Alice, Wu, Tiana, McFadden, Catherine S. (2018): Fig. 4 in Microphysogobio luhensis Huang, Chen, Zhao & Shao, 2018, n. sp. Zoological Studies 57 (50): 1-26, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2018.57-50, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825561
0387FA5FFFD4FF8E809AFCE4FD85FBE2.taxon	description	Tubipora musica Linnaeus, 1758 Occurrence: ZMTAU Co 35339, Dongsha, (20 ° 46.703 ' N; 116 ° 50.324 ' E), 8 - 10 m, 8 July 2011; ZMTAU Co 35378, Dongsha, (20 ° 46.689 ' N; 116 ° 47.932 ' E), 5 m, 9 July 2011; ZMTAU Co 36324, Dongsha, (20 ° 46 ' 25.8 " N; 116 ° 46 ' 52.1 " E), 10 - 13 m, 14 September 2013. Field notes: Rare. Distribution in Taiwan: Southern Taiwan.	en	Benayahu, Yehuda, Ofwegen, Leendert Pieter van, Dai, Chang-feng, Jeng, Ming-Shiou, Soong, Keryea, Shlagman, Alex, Du, Samuel W., Hong, Prudence, Imam, Nimrah H., Chung, Alice, Wu, Tiana, McFadden, Catherine S. (2018): Fig. 4 in Microphysogobio luhensis Huang, Chen, Zhao & Shao, 2018, n. sp. Zoological Studies 57 (50): 1-26, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2018.57-50, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825561
0387FA5FFFD4FF8F808DFBFCFE7EFC1A.taxon	description	Capnella imbricata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) Occurrence: ZMTAU Co 35336, Co 35611, Dongsha, (20 ° 46.703 ' N; 116 ° 50.324 ' E), 8 - 10 m, 8 July 2011; ZMTAU Co 36358, Dongsha, (20 ° 46 ' 50.2 " N; 116 ° 48 ' 38.5 " E), 7 - 8 m, 15 September 2013; ZMTAU Co 36961, Co 36964, Dongsha, (20 ° 41.509 ' N; 116 ° 55.379 ' E), 6 - 8 m, 14 June 2015; ZMTAU Co 36989, Dongsha, (20 ° 41.994 ' N; 116 ° 55.370 ' E), 4 - 6 m, 15 June 2015; ZMTAU Co 37024, Dongsha, (20 ° 35.941 ' N; 116 ° 51.632 ' E), 7 - 9 m, 16 June 2015. Field notes: Common. Distribution in Taiwan: New record. Dendronephthya Kuekenthal, 1905 Dendronephthya sp. Occurrence: ZMTAU Co 36393, Dongsha, (20 ° 43 ' 23.6 " N; 116 ° 42 ' 31.5 " E), 7 - 8 m, 16 September 2013; ZMTAU Co 35362, Co 35364, Dongsha, (20 ° 46.700 ' N; 116 ° 53.137 ' E), 10 - 11 m, 9 July 2011; ZMTAU Co 35411, Dongsha, (20 ° 45.609 ' N; 116 ° 44.525 ' E), 7 - 11 m, 10 July 2011. Field notes: Common. Distribution in Taiwan: Southern Taiwan and Penghu Archipelago. Lemnalia Gray, 1868 Lemnalia sp. Occurrence: Dongsha, (20 ° 46 ' 25.8 " N; 116 ° 46 ' 52.1 " E), 10 - 13 m, 14 September 2013; ZMTAU Co 36955, Co 36960. Field notes: Rare. Distribution in Taiwan: New record. Litophyton Forskål, 1775 Litophyton sp. Occurrence: ZMTAU Co 35342, Dongsha, (20 ° 46.697 ' N; 116 ° 51.051 ' E), 7 - 10 m, 8 July 2011; ZMTAU Co 35315, Dongsha, (20 ° 46.703 ' N; 116 ° 50.324 ' E), 8 - 10 m, 8 July 2011; ZMTAU Co 35371, Dongsha, (20 ° 46.689 ' N; 116 ° 47.932 ' E), 5 m, 9 July 2011; ZMTAU Co 35420, Paralemnalia Kükenthal, 1913 Paralemnalia thyrsoides (Ehrenberg, 1834) Occurrence: ZMTAU Co 36401, Dongsha, (20 ° 43 ' 23.6 " N; 116 ° 42 ' 31.5 " E), 7 - 8 m, 16 September 2013; ZMTAU Co 36976, Dongsha, (20 ° 41.994 ' N; 116 ° 55.370 ' E), 4 - 6 m, 15 June 2015. Field notes: Rare. Distribution in Taiwan: Southern Taiwan. Stereonephthya Kükenthal, 1905 Stereonephthya sp. Occurrence: ZMTAU Co 35327, Dongsha, (20 ° 46.703 ' N; 116 ° 50.324 ' E), 8 - 10 m, 8 July 2011; ZMTAU Co 35357, Dongsha, (20 ° 46.700 ' N; 116 ° 53.137 ' E), 10 - 11 m, 9 July 2011; ZMTAU Co 35375, Dongsha, (20 ° 46.689 ' N; 116 ° 47.932 ' E), 5 m, 9 July 2011; ZMTAU Co 35406, Dongsha, (20 ° 45.609 ' N; 116 ° 44.525 ' E), 7 - 11 m, 10 July 2011; ZMTAU Co 36312, Dongsha, (20 ° 46 ' 25.8 " N; 116 ° 46 ' 52.1 " E), 10 - 12 m, 14 September 2013; ZMTAU Co 36954, Co 36958, Dongsha, (20 ° 41.509 ' N; 116 ° 55.379 ' E), 6 - 8 m, 14 June 2015; ZMTAU Co 36970, Co 36972, Dongsha, (20 ° 41.994 ' N; 116 ° 55.370 ' E), 4 - 6 m, 15 June 2015. Field notes: Common. Distribution in Taiwan: New record.	en	Benayahu, Yehuda, Ofwegen, Leendert Pieter van, Dai, Chang-feng, Jeng, Ming-Shiou, Soong, Keryea, Shlagman, Alex, Du, Samuel W., Hong, Prudence, Imam, Nimrah H., Chung, Alice, Wu, Tiana, McFadden, Catherine S. (2018): Fig. 4 in Microphysogobio luhensis Huang, Chen, Zhao & Shao, 2018, n. sp. Zoological Studies 57 (50): 1-26, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2018.57-50, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825561
0387FA5FFFD5FF8F8072FC54FE7EF95A.taxon	description	Anthelia philippinense (Roxas, 1933) Occurrence: ZMTAU Co 36967, Co 36973, East side of atoll, Dongsha, (20 ° 41.994 ' N; 116 ° 55.370 ' E), 4 - 6 m, 15 June 2015; ZMTAU Co 36951, Co 36956, Dongsha, (20 ° 41.509 ' N; 116 ° 55.379 ' E), 6 - 8 m, 14 June 2015. Field notes: Rare. Distribution in Taiwan: New record. Heteroxenia Kölliker, 1874 Heteroxenia medioensis Roxas, 1933 Occurrence: ZMTAU Co 35402, Co 35412, Dongsha, (20 ° 45.609 ' N; 116 ° 44.525 ' E), 7 - 11 m, 10 July 2011; ZMTAU Co 35419, Dongsha, (20 ° 46.778 ' N; 116 ° 48.533 ' E), 5 - 6 m, 10 July 2011; ZMTAU Co 36896, Dongsha, (20 ° 44.316 ' N; 116 ° 54.827 ' E), 12 - 14 m, 12 June 2015; ZMTAU Co 36982, Dongsha, (20 ° 41.994 ' N; 116 ° 55.370 ' E), 4 - 6 m, 15 June 2015; ZMTAU Co 36959, Dongsha, (20 ° 41.509 ' N; 116 ° 55.379 ' E), 6 - 8 m, 14 June 2015. Field notes: Rare. Distribution in Taiwan: New record. Xenia Lamarck, 1816 Xenia lillieae Roxas, 1933 Occurrence: ZMTAU Co 36975, Co 36980, Co 36990, Dongsha, (20 ° 41.994 ' N; 116 ° 55.370 ' E), 4 - 6 m, 15 June 2015. Field notes: Rare. Distribution in Taiwan: New record.	en	Benayahu, Yehuda, Ofwegen, Leendert Pieter van, Dai, Chang-feng, Jeng, Ming-Shiou, Soong, Keryea, Shlagman, Alex, Du, Samuel W., Hong, Prudence, Imam, Nimrah H., Chung, Alice, Wu, Tiana, McFadden, Catherine S. (2018): Fig. 4 in Microphysogobio luhensis Huang, Chen, Zhao & Shao, 2018, n. sp. Zoological Studies 57 (50): 1-26, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2018.57-50, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825561
0387FA5FFFD5FF88806BF914FA2AFE9A.taxon	description	Melithaea ochracea (Linnaeus, 1758) Occurrence: ZMTAU Co 36922, Dongsha, (20 ° 43.448 ' N; 116 ° 42.520 ' E), 3 - 4 m, 13 June 2015. Field notes: Rare. Distribution in Taiwan: Southern Taiwan. L-INS-i method in MAFFT (Katoh et al. 2005) was used to align sequences to reference datasets consisting of previously published sequences for the relevant genera (e. g. McFadden et al. 2006 2009 2014; Benayahu et al. 2012). Pairwise measures of genetic distance (Kimura 2 - parameter) among sequences were computed using MEGA v. 5 (Tamura et al. 2011). jModelTest 2 (Darriba et al. 2012) was used to select appropriate models of evolution for maximum likelihood (ML) analyses that were run using GARLI 2.0 (Zwickl 2006). Analyses were run using mtMutS alone (Sinularia), mtMutS concatenated with igr 1 + COI (all taxa), and 28 S rDNA alone [Cladiella, Klyxum, Nephtheidae, Xeniidae (for list of genera of these families see Table 1)]. Bayesian analyses used MrBayes v. 3.2.1 (Ronquist et al. 2012) with the same evolutionary models as ML, run for 5,000,000 generations (or until standard deviation of split partitions <0.01) with a burn-in of 25 % and default Metropolis coupling parameters. Identification of characteristic attributes in Sinularia To resolve discrepancies between morphological vs. molecular species identifications in the speciose genus Sinularia, we identified sets of characteristic attributes within the mtMutS sequence to use as species-specific barcodes. All mtMutS sequences obtained for Sinularia were aligned and viewed using MacClade (Maddison and Maddison 2005). Each nucleotide position within the 735 bp alignment was then categorized as invariant or variant, and variant positions were further scrutinized to identify pure characteristic attributes (simple PuCAs sensu Rach et al. 2008) of (1) clades and (2) species within clades. Cladespecific PuCAs occurred when all of the species belonging to a clade (clades 1 - 5 as defined in McFadden et al. 2009) shared the same nucleotide at a particular position within the mtMutS sequence and no species of any other clade shared that nucleotide identity. Species-specific PuCAs were defined as nucleotide positions at which all of the individuals of a morphospecies shared the same nucleotide at a particular position, and no other morphospecies belonging to that clade shared that nucleotide identity. Compound PuCAs consisting of unique combinations of nucleotide identities at more than one nucleotide position were also identified for some taxa that lacked diagnostic simple PuCAs. Considered together, the cladespecific and species-specific PuCAs represent a compound PuCA (i. e. a diagnostic character set) that can be used as a unique sequence barcode to identify most species of Sinularia unequivocally.	en	Benayahu, Yehuda, Ofwegen, Leendert Pieter van, Dai, Chang-feng, Jeng, Ming-Shiou, Soong, Keryea, Shlagman, Alex, Du, Samuel W., Hong, Prudence, Imam, Nimrah H., Chung, Alice, Wu, Tiana, McFadden, Catherine S. (2018): Fig. 4 in Microphysogobio luhensis Huang, Chen, Zhao & Shao, 2018, n. sp. Zoological Studies 57 (50): 1-26, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2018.57-50, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12825561
