identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03848782FF8DFFE3FF7EFC29FBEBFC1E.text	03848782FF8DFFE3FF7EFC29FBEBFC1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cratera obsidiana Boll & Amaral & Leal-Zanchet 2019	<div><p>Cratera obsidiana Amaral, Boll &amp; Leal-Zanchet, sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9E3C4246-0E1D-4838-81E9-6ADE0882CFF0</p><p>Geoplana sp. 6 in Baptista, Oliveira &amp; Leal-Zanchet 2010</p><p>Geoplana sp. 6 in Baptista &amp; Leal-Zanchet 2010</p><p>Etymology: The specific name is a noun in apposition and refers to the bright glossy black color of the dorsum, resembling the volcanic rock obsidian.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: MZUSP PL.2158: leg. S. M. Oliveira, 10 September 2006, State Park of Turvo (27°00’ to 27°20’S, 53°40’ to 54°10’W), Derrubadas, state of Rio Grande do Sul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-54.166668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -54.166668/lat -27.333334)">Brazil—anterior</a> tip: transverse sections on 18 slides; anterior region at the level of the ovaries: sagittal sections on 30 slides; pre-pharyngeal region: transverse sections on 6 slides; pharynx: sagittal sections on 14 slides; copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 26 slides.</p><p>Paratypes: Three specimens collected in the same locality as the holotype. MZU PL. 270: leg. C. Palacios, 17 November 2006 —copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 9 slides; MZU PL. 271: leg. S. M. Oliveira, 10 September 2006 —anterior tip: sagittal sections on 8 slides; anterior region at the level of the ovaries: sagittal sections on 49 slides; pre-pharyngeal region: transverse sections on 15 slides; pharynx: sagittal sections on 15 slides; copulatory apparatus: horizontal sections on 9 slides. MZU PL. 272: leg. M. B. Antunes, 17 November 2006 —anterior tip: preserved in clove oil; copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 11 slides .</p><p>Diagnosis: species of Cratera with dorsal color homogeneously black; pharynx cylindrical with dorsal insertion shifted posteriorly; prostatic vesicle extrabulbar with proximal portion T-shaped and slightly dorsally oriented.</p><p>Type-locality: State Park of Turvo, Derrubadas, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.</p><p>Distribution: known only from the type-locality.</p><p>Description. External features. Body elongate with parallel margins; anterior tip rounded and posterior tip pointed. While creeping, the largest specimen reached a length of 40 mm. After fixation, maximum length was 38 mm. Mouth and gonopore located at the posterior third of the body (Table 1). In living specimens, dorsal surface homogeneously black (Fig. 1); venter light gray. After fixation, dorsal color becomes light brown and the ventral surface remains light gray.</p><p>Eyes monolobate (with pigment cups of about 15–30 µm) (Fig. 2), initially uniserial, surrounding the anterior tip (Fig. 1). After that, the eyes become larger and surrounded by clear halos, spreading onto the dorsal surface, and may occupy the whole body width (Fig. 1). Towards the posterior tip, the eyes remain dorsal but become less numerous.</p><p>Sensory organs, epidermis and body musculature. Sensory pits (Fig. 2) as simple invaginations (20–30 µm deep) contour anterior tip and occur ventromarginally in one row on each side of the body in the cephalic region (about 7% of the body length).</p><p>The creeping sole occupies the whole body width (Table 1). Three types of glands discharge through whole epidermis of pre-pharyngeal region: rhabditogen glands with xanthophil secretion (ventrally with smaller rhabdites) and cyanophil glands with amorphous secretion, besides scarce xanthophil glands with coarse granular secretion (Figs. 3, 6). The glandular margin (Figs. 3, 4) is conspicuous after the cephalic region (about 8% of the body length) and receives the openings of two types of glands: xanthophil cells with coarse granular secretion and cyanophil cells with amorphous secretions. Glands discharging through the anterior tip of the body are similar to those of the prepharyngeal region (Fig. 3).</p><p>Cutaneous musculature with the usual three layers: circular, oblique and longitudinal layers, the latter with thick bundles (Figs. 5, 6, Table 2). Cutaneous musculature thinner in the pre-pharyngeal region than in the cephalic region of the body, but gradually diminishing its thickness towards anterior tip. Ventral musculature with similar thickness or slightly thinner than dorsal musculature at the sagittal plane (Table 2) between four and seven times thicker than the epidermis, becoming progressively thinner toward body margins. Mc:h 7–8% (Table 2).</p><p>Mesenchymal musculature (Fig. 4) well developed, with a similar arrangement to that described for other species of the genus. At the cephalic region, the mesenchymal musculature is less developed than in the pre-pharyngeal region.</p><p>Pharynx. The pharynx is cylindrical, about 6% of body length, with folded walls and dorsal insertion posteriorly shifted. The mouth is located in the median third of the pharyngeal pouch (Fig. 7). Esophagus absent.</p><p>Reproductive organs. The testes are arranged in one irregular row on either side of the body, beneath the dorsal transverse mesenchymal muscles (Figs. 4, 5). They begin in the anterior third of the body and extend to near the root of the pharynx. Sperm ducts dorsal to ovovitelline ducts in pre-pharyngeal region (Fig. 6). Distally, sperm ducts—forming spermiducal vesicles—enter laterally into the proximal part of the prostatic vesicle (Figs. 9, 10). Extrabulbar prostatic vesicle, tubular and unpaired, located near the common muscle coat. The proximal portion is laterally expanded (T-shaped) and slightly dorsally oriented (Figs. 9–12); it is located at about the same distance from the ventral and dorsal epidermis. Its distal portion penetrates the common muscle coat, becoming sinuous, and continues inside the penis papilla as an ejaculatory duct. This duct is almost straight and opens through an expansion at the tip of the penis papilla (Figs. 9, 11). The male atrium is almost unfolded and occupied by the conical, almost symmetric penis papilla, which has a dorsal fold. The dorsal wall of the male atrium receives the openings of abundant cyanophil glands (Figs. 9–12). Histological aspects of the epithelium, musculature and secretions of the prostatic vesicle, penis papilla, ejaculatory duct and male atrium are similar to those of other species of Cratera .</p><p>Vitelline follicles, situated between intestinal branches, well-developed in all studied specimens (Figs. 4, 6, 8). Ovaries ovoid, about twice longer than wide, measuring 0.3 mm in their antero-posterior axis. They are located dorsally to the ventral nerve plate at about the same transversal level as the anteriormost testes, in the anterior third of the body (Table 1, Fig. 8). Ovovitelline ducts emerge dorsally from the median third of the ovaries and run posteriorly immediately above the nerve plate. Laterally to the female atrium, the ovovitelline ducts ascend dorsomedially and unite dorsally to the proximal third of the female canal to form the common glandular ovovitelline duct (Figs. 9–11). The female genital duct is dorso-anteriorly curved (Figs. 9–12). The female atrium is funnel-shaped, with small lateral folds, and has about half the length of the male atrium (Table 1, Figs. 9–12). Histological aspects of the epithelium, musculature and secretions of the ovovitelline ducts and female canal and atrium are similar to those of other species of Cratera .</p><p>Gonopore canal vertical at the sagittal plane. Male and female atria with ample communication, without separating folds (Figs. 9–12), showing well developed, continuous muscle coats with longitudinal, oblique and circular fibers (Figs. 11, 12). The common muscle coat is thicker entally and along the dorsal wall of the male atrium, thinner around the female atrium.</p><p>Comparative discussion. The presence of an expanded ejaculatory cavity at the tip of the penis papilla and cyanophil glands discharging through the roof of the male atrium, as well as other characters, such as dorsal monolobated eyes, support the inclusion of Cratera obsidiana in the genus Cratera Carbayo et al., 2013 .</p><p>The new species shares similarities with eleven species of the genus, C. hina (Marcus, 1951), C. crioula (E. M. Froehlich, 1955), C. joia (Froehlich, 1956), C. anamariae Carbayo, 2015, C. ochra Rossi et al., 2015, C. viridimaculata Negrete &amp; Brusa, 2016, C. cryptolineata Rossi &amp; Leal-Zanchet, 2016, C. nigrimarginata Rossi &amp; Leal-Zanchet, 2016, C. aureomaculata Rossi &amp; Leal-Zanchet, 2016, C. picuia Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo, 2018 and C. arucuia Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo, 2018, showing eyes spreading over the dorsal surface and a cylindrical pharynx (Froehlich 1954a, 1956b; Carbayo &amp; Almeida 2015; Negrete &amp; Brusa 2016; Rossi et al. 2016; Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo 2018). It differs from these species, however, by the color pattern and details of the copulatory apparatus.</p><p>The color pattern of C. obsidiana, homogeneously black, differs from that of C. crioula and C. joia as they also have a black dorsum, but with a median light stripe (Froehlich 1954b, 1956a). It also can be distinguished from C. ochra, which shows a dorsal yellow-ochre ground color and dispersed grayish or grayish-brown pigmentation constituting two broad dorsal bands (Rossi et al. 2016). The new species also can be distinguished from C. nigrimarginata, which has a light-brownish dorsal color bordered by dark margins, and C. aureomaculata, which shows a yellowish dorsal ground color covered by brownish pigmentation in the cephalic region and blackish pigmentation constituting irregular flecks over the rest of the dorsum (Rossi &amp; Leal-Zanchet 2017). By having a homogeneously pigmented dorsum, C. obsidiana can be distinguished from species with striped dorsal surface, such as C. anamariae, C. viridimaculata and C. cryptolineata (Carbayo &amp; Almeida 2015; Negrete &amp; Brusa 2016; Rossi &amp; Leal-Zanchet 2017). The color pattern of C. hina, C. picuia and C. arucuia is distinguished from that of C. obsidiana by the presence of a light central band followed on each side by a wide dark band (Lago-Barcia &amp; Carbayo 2018).</p><p>Regarding the copulatory apparatus, C. obsidiana has a tubular prostatic vesicle with the proximal portion laterally expanded (T-shaped) similar to that of C. steffeni Rossi et al., 2014 and C. ochra (Rossi et al. 2014, 2016). In all these three species, the prostatic vesicle is considered to be single, without forked portions, since it just shows a lateral expansion. However, C. obsidiana has the proximal portion of the prostatic vesicle slightly dorsally oriented, being such an anatomical feature recorded for the first time in the genus Cratera .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03848782FF8DFFE3FF7EFC29FBEBFC1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Boll, Piter Kehoma;Amaral, Silvana Vargas Do;Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria	Boll, Piter Kehoma, Amaral, Silvana Vargas Do, Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria (2019): Two new land planarian species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from protected areas in southern Brazil. Zootaxa 4664 (4): 535-550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4664.4.5
03848782FF8BFFECFF7EFB89FA54FEF1.text	03848782FF8BFFECFF7EFB89FA54FEF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cratera Carbayo, Álvarez-Presas, Olivares, Marques, Froehlich & Riutort 2013	<div><p>Updated key to the species of the genus Cratera</p><p>1 Prostatic vesicle with an ovoid extrabulbar portion and an elongate intrabulbar portion....................... C. arucuia</p><p>- Prostatic vesicle with a single portion..................................................................... 2</p><p>2 Prostatic vesicle intrabulbar....................................................................... C. picuia</p><p>- Prostatic vesicle extrabulbar............................................................................. 3</p><p>3 Penis papilla projecting from the roof of the male atrium with a large intra-penial cavity..................... C. cuarassu</p><p>- Penis papilla projecting from the anterior portion of the male atrium............................................. 4</p><p>4 Dorsal color predominantly dark, without wide stripes of other colors............................................ 5</p><p>- Other color pattern.................................................................................... 9</p><p>5 Prostatic vesicle with proximal portion dorsally oriented............................................. C. obsidiana</p><p>- Prostatic vesicle with other morphology................................................................... 6</p><p>6 Dorsal margin yellow to reddish......................................................................... 7</p><p>- Dorsal margin dark.................................................................................... 8</p><p>7 Dorsal margin dark yellow and dorsal median dark yellow stripe......................................... C. tamoia</p><p>- Dorsal margin rust red, dorsum with conspicuous white halos over dark background........................... C. joia</p><p>8 Prostatic vesicle C-shaped, with proximal portion curved ventrally and posteriorly........................... C. crioula</p><p>- Almost straight prostatic vesicle............................................................. C. cryptolineata</p><p>9 Widening of the distal portion of the ejaculatory duct absent or inconspicuous................................ C. hina</p><p>- Widening of the distal portion of the ejaculatory duct conspicuous............................................. 10</p><p>10 Roof of male atrium not pierced by numerous cyanophil glands.................................... C. nigrimarginata</p><p>- Roof of the male atrium pierced by numerous cyanophil glands................................................ 11</p><p>11 Prostatic vesicle of irregular shape and very sinuous at its distal portion..................................... C. yara</p><p>- Prostatic vesicle straight or C-shaped, with less sinuous distal portion........................................... 12</p><p>12 Prostatic vesicle curved in a C or inverted U shape.......................................................... 13</p><p>- Prostatic vesicle straight or with proximal portion slightly ventrally oriented..................................... 16</p><p>13 Dorsum with a mottled gray pattern over a greenish background................................... C. viridimaculata</p><p>- Dorsum with a striped pattern.......................................................................... 14</p><p>14 Orange dorsum with two white bands bordered by irregular black stripes on each side.............. C. pseudovaginuloides</p><p>- Dorsum with yellow margins and two black lateral stripes or bands............................................. 15</p><p>15 Dorsum with black bands, wide, separated by white median band...................................... C. taxiarcha</p><p>- Dorsum with black bands separated by yellow or orange median band................................. C. anamariae</p><p>16 Wide orange band bordered by paramarginal black stripes.............................................. C. steffeni - Dorsal surface with yellow background covered by dark pigmentation sometimes forming more or less defined stripes.... 17</p><p>17 Dorsal surface with dark pigmentation forming two lateral rows of irregular spots and some scattered dots..................................................................................................... C. aureomaculata</p><p>- Dorsal surface with dark pigmentation more uniformly scattered or forming two lateral stripes and one median or two parame- dian bands with ill-defined margins................................................................. C. ochra</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03848782FF8BFFECFF7EFB89FA54FEF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Boll, Piter Kehoma;Amaral, Silvana Vargas Do;Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria	Boll, Piter Kehoma, Amaral, Silvana Vargas Do, Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria (2019): Two new land planarian species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from protected areas in southern Brazil. Zootaxa 4664 (4): 535-550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4664.4.5
03848782FF84FFE9FF7EFE54FD7CFCE7.text	03848782FF84FFE9FF7EFE54FD7CFCE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luteostriata subtilis Boll & Amaral & Leal-Zanchet 2019	<div><p>Luteostriata subtilis Boll, Amaral &amp; Leal-Zanchet, sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F03CBF98-3ADB-4666-ACDB-07BA27EED07F</p><p>Notogynaphallia sp. 1in Baptista et al. 2006</p><p>Notogynaphallia sp. 1 in Fick et al. 2006</p><p>Notogynaphallia sp. 1 in Leal-Zanchet &amp; Baptista 2009</p><p>Etymology: The specific name is a Latin adjective and refers to the three subtle and discontinuous stripes present on the dorsum, usually not visible to the naked eye, as well as to the subtle internal differences between this species and Luteostriata ceciliae (Froehlich &amp; Leal-Zanchet, 2003) .</p><p>Type-material. Holotype: MZUSP PL.2159: leg. I. A. Fick, 11 December 2000, National Park of Aparados da Serra (29°05’ to 29°15’S, 50°00’ to 50°15’ W), Cambará do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.25/lat -29.25)">Brazil—anterior</a> tip: transverse sections on 23 slides; anterior region at the level of the ovaries: transverse sections on 25 slides; anterior region at the level of the testes: sagittal sections on 23 slides; pre-pharyngeal region: transverse sections on 5 slides; pharynx: sagittal sections on 12 slides; copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 15 slides.</p><p>Paratypes: Two specimens collected in the same locality of the holotype. MZU PL. 273: leg. I. A. Fick, 22 December 1999 —anterior tip: transverse sections on 15 slides; anterior region at the level of the ovaries: sagittal sections on 9 slides; pre-pharyngeal region: transversal sections on 9 slides; pharynx: sagittal sections on 14 slides; copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 18 slides; MZU PL. 274: leg. L. M. Campos, 21 August 2004 —whole animal preserved in 70% ethanol .</p><p>Diagnosis: species of Luteostriata with light-yellow dorsum and two well-marked longitudinal black stripes; pharynx bell-shaped; large fold in the male atrium located ventrally to the opening of the ejaculatory duct.</p><p>Type-locality: Cambará do Sul, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil</p><p>Distribution: Known only from the type-locality.</p><p>Description. External features: Body elongate with parallel margins, anterior tip rounded and posterior tip pointed. The maximal length when creeping reaches 62 mm; 47 mm after fixation. Mouth located at the middle third of the body; gonopore at the posterior third (Table 3).</p><p>Alive, dorsum light yellow with two well-marked black lateral stripes; cephalic region has an orange shade that gradually fades posteriorly into the yellow color of the dorsum. Under the stereomicroscope, three additional inconspicuous stripes can be seen, one median and two paramarginal stripes. These three stripes are very thin and discontinuous, usually not visible to the naked eye (Fig. 13). Stripes begin behind the cephalic region and end abruptly before the posterior tip in preserved specimens (Fig. 13). Lateral stripes correspond to about 1/12 of the body width each. Ventral surface pale yellow.After fixation, the pigmentation becomes paler, almost white after several months, with the lateral stripes not very well marked.</p><p>Eyes monolobate (with pigment cups of about 20–30 µm). They surround the anterior tip and are uniserial in the cephalic region (about 7% of the body length) (Fig. 14). After that, eyes become pluriserial and spread dorsally up to the level of the lateral stripes. Towards posterior tip, they become less numerous and uniserial.</p><p>Sensory organs, epidermis and body musculature. Sensory pits as simple invaginations (about 20–30µm deep) that contour the anterior tip and occur ventromarginally in an irregular, single row until slightly after the cephalic region (about 12% of the body length).</p><p>Creeping sole occupying about 80% of the body width (Table 1). A glandular margin is absent (Fig. 17).</p><p>Secretory cells in the pre-pharyngeal region: abundant erythrophil glands with coarse granules, rhabditogen glands with xanthophil secretion (more abundant dorsally) and a few cyanophil glands with amorphous secretion (more abundant ventrally). Glands discharging through the cephalic region of the body are similar to those of the pre-pharyngeal region, but erythrophil glands with coarse granules greatly increase in number toward the anterior tip, especially ventrally.</p><p>Cutaneous musculature in the pre-pharyngeal region similar to other species of Luteostriata, having a longitudinal layer with very thick bundles, thicker ventrally than dorsally (Figs. 17–19) between four and eight times that of epidermis. Musculature with about the same thickness across the dorsum, becoming lower at the body margins; ventral and dorsal musculatures with similar thickness at the sagittal plane. Mc:h 17–19% (Table 4). The longitudinal muscle fibers of the ventral sub-epidermal musculature concentrate progressively in the median region at about the anterior 1/9 of the body, forming a rounded to lens-shaped cephalic retractor muscle (Figs. 15, 16). Next to the anterior tip, bundles of 2–8 fibers detach from the retractor muscle and run forward towards the body margins and dorsal surface. The visualization of the musculature is hampered by the large number of erythrophil cells. Mesenchymatic musculature well developed with a similar arrangement to that described for other species of the genus (Fig 17).</p><p>Pharynx. Pharynx bell-shaped, about 5% of the body length, occupying the first three quarters of the pharyngeal pouch (Fig 20). Dorsal insertion approximately on the same transversal level as the mouth, at the beginning of the median third of the pharyngeal pouch; margins highly folded (Fig. 20). Esophagus absent.</p><p>Reproductive system. The testes are arranged in one irregular row on either side of the body, beneath the dorsal transverse mesenchymal muscles and interstitially to the intestinal branches (Figs. 17, 18). They begin in the anterior sixth of the body and extend to near the root of the pharynx (Table 1). Sperm ducts, sometimes divided into ductules, dorsomedial to ovovitelline ducts, beneath fibers of the subintestinal transverse mesenchymal musculature in pre-pharyngeal region (Fig. 19). They form spermiducal vesicles posteriorly to the pharynx and divide distally into five to seven branches which open separately in the second anteriormost quarter of the prostatic vesicle (Fig. 22). The prostatic vesicle is very long, extrabulbar, and laterally sinuous; its anterior end is forked and continues laterally to the pharyngeal pouch (Fig. 22). The distal part of the prostatic vesicle is directed ventrally among fibers of the common muscle coat, and then curves upward and slightly backward, entering the penis bulb (Figs. 22, 24). Inside the penis bulb, it continues as an ejaculatory duct, which proceeds dorsally in a sinuous path. The ejaculatory duct opens into the dorso-anterior wall of the male atrium (Figs. 22–24). Male atrium folded and very long, having a main fold located ventrally to the opening of the ejaculatory duct (Figs. 22–24). Few cyanophil and erythrophil glands discharge their fine granular secretion into the ejaculatory duct. Other aspects of the epithelium, musculature and secretions of the male copulatory apparatus are similar to those of other species of Luteostriata .</p><p>Vitellaria, situated between intestinal branches, well-developed in all observed specimens (Figs. 17–19, 21). Ovaries oval-shaped, about 1.5 times longer than wide, measuring about 0.2 mm in their antero-posterior axis (Fig. 21). They are located dorsally to the ventral nerve plate, slightly anteriorly to the anteriormost testes, approximately in the anterior sixth of the body (Table 3). Ovovitelline ducts emerge dorsally from the median third of the ovaries and run posteriorly immediately above the nerve plate (Figs. 17, 19, 21). Close to the gonopore, the ovovitelline ducts ascend posteromedially and unite dorsally at the level of the posterior third of the female atrium, forming a long common glandular ovovitelline duct (Figs. 22, 23). The common glandular ovovitelline duct opens into the female canal, dorsally oriented, that connects to the posterior end of the female atrium (Figs. 22, 23). The female atrium is ample, with folded walls, and has one third to one fourth of the male atrium length (Table 3, Figs. 22, 23).</p><p>Ovovitelline ducts lined with at least partially cyanophil epithelium (Figs. 17, 19). Other characteristics of the epithelium, musculature and secretions of the female copulatory apparatus are similar to those of other species in the genus.</p><p>Gonoduct slightly inclined backward. Male and female atria are separated at the level of the gonopore by oblique dorsal and ventral, laterally displaced folds (Figs. 22, 24). Gonoduct lined with tall columnar epithelium, ciliated, receiving the opening of abundant glands with fine erythrophil secretion, as well as few glands with amor- phous cyanophil secretion. Muscularis of the gonoduct consisting of a layer of circular fibers followed by a layer of longitudinal fibers.</p><p>Comparative discussion. The external morphology, marked by monolobated eyes and yellow dorsum with dark longitudinal stripes, and internal characteristics, such as the general morphology of copulatory apparatus, as well as the presence of a cephalic retractor muscle associated with glands, strongly support the inclusion of the new species into the genus Luteostriata .</p><p>Externally, the color pattern of L. subtilis is similar to that of L. graffi (Leal-Zanchet &amp; Froehlich, 2006), although the median and paramarginal stripes are easily visible in the latter (Leal-Zanchet &amp; Froehlich 2006). In L. ceciliae the median stripe is well marked and continuous, while the lateral and paramarginal ones are discontinuous but highly conspicuous (Froehlich &amp; Leal-Zanchet 2003). Luteostriata ernesti (Leal-Zanchet &amp; Froehlich, 2006) has two well-marked paramarginal stripes and three narrower internal lines, sometimes discontinuous, while both L. caissara (Froehlich, 1955) and L. pseudoceciliae (Lemos &amp; Leal-Zanchet, 2008) have five equally marked and continuous stripes (Leal-Zanchet &amp; Froehlich 2006; Lemos &amp; Leal-Zanchet 2008). In L. fita (Froehlich, 1959) the median stripe is marked only in the first half of the body (Froehlich 1959). The remaining species have a different number of stripes: L. abundans (Graff, 1899) has seven, L. muelleri (Diesing, 1861), one or three, and L. arturi (Lemos &amp; Leal-Zanchet, 2008), two lateral bands with dark inner and outer margins (Leal-Zanchet &amp; Froehlich 2006; Lemos &amp; Leal-Zanchet 2008; Carbayo 2010).</p><p>The body shape, as well as several internal characters, such as the pharynx, the proximally-forked prostatic vesicle, the branched sperm ducts, and the long and folded male atrium, are similar to those of L. ceciliae . The main differences are related to the opening of the ejaculatory duct, which is displaced ventrally in L. ceciliae and dorsally in L. subtilis, the position of the main male atrium fold, which is dorsal to the ejaculatory duct in L. ceciliae and ventral in L. subtilis, and the distal portion of the prostatic vesicle, which is directed dorsally against the muscle coat in L. ceciliae and ventrally in L. subtilis (Froehlich &amp; Leal-Zanchet 2003) .</p><p>The combination of those characters of both external and internal morphology differentiates L. subtilis from L. ceciliae and from the other species of the genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03848782FF84FFE9FF7EFE54FD7CFCE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Boll, Piter Kehoma;Amaral, Silvana Vargas Do;Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria	Boll, Piter Kehoma, Amaral, Silvana Vargas Do, Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria (2019): Two new land planarian species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from protected areas in southern Brazil. Zootaxa 4664 (4): 535-550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4664.4.5
03848782FF81FFE9FF7EFCE8FA55FA31.text	03848782FF81FFE9FF7EFCE8FA55FA31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Luteostriata Carbayo 2010	<div><p>Key to the species of the genus Luteostriata</p><p>1 Dorsal surface with seven longitudinal stripes...................................................... L. abundans</p><p>- Dorsal surface with less than seven longitudinal stripes....................................................... 2</p><p>2 Dorsum with one conspicuous black median stripe, sometimes with two lighter lateral stripes................. L. muelleri</p><p>- Other pattern of stripes................................................................................. 3</p><p>3 Dorsum with two lateral stripes and three thin inconspicuous stripes, median and paramarginal, usually not visible to the naked eye.......................................................................................... L. subtilis</p><p>- Dorsal surface with more than three noticeable longitudinal stripes.............................................. 4</p><p>4 Dorsum with two lateral bands with inner and outer dark margins and very thin inconspicuous median stripe....... L. arturi</p><p>- Dorsum with five conspicuous longitudinal stripes........................................................... 5</p><p>5 Dorsal median stripe only visible in the first half of the body............................................... L. fita</p><p>- Dorsal median stripe visible along the whole body........................................................... 6</p><p>6 Globose prostatic vesicle......................................................................... L. ernesti</p><p>- Elongated prostatic vesicle.............................................................................. 7</p><p>7 Branched sperm ducts opening separately into the prostatic vesicle....................................... L. ceciliae</p><p>- Unbranched sperm ducts............................................................................... 8</p><p>8 Highly folded prostatic vesicle................................................................... L. caissara</p><p>- Straight, not folded, prostatic vesicle...................................................................... 9</p><p>9 Lateral stripes on dorsal surface are the widest, gold-yellow color.......................................... L. graffi</p><p>- All dorsal stripes with about the same width, light-yellow color.................................... L. pseudoceciliae</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03848782FF81FFE9FF7EFCE8FA55FA31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Boll, Piter Kehoma;Amaral, Silvana Vargas Do;Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria	Boll, Piter Kehoma, Amaral, Silvana Vargas Do, Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria (2019): Two new land planarian species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from protected areas in southern Brazil. Zootaxa 4664 (4): 535-550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4664.4.5
