identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038487A1FF94904AD616228CA2949F77.text	038487A1FF94904AD616228CA2949F77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Empogona congesta (Cheek 2018) Cheek 2018	<div><p>Empogona congesta (Oliv.) Cheek, comb. nov.</p><p>Kraussia congesta Oliv., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 15 (1876) 95. — Tricalysia congesta (Oliv.) Hiern (1877) 120). — Type:‘Lake Tanganyika,Lt. Cameron s.n. Recd. 2/75’ (K). Epitype selected here: R. M. Lawton 2017 (K), Tanzania, c. 30 miles S. of Tabora,along <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.833332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.833332/lat -5.75)">Sikonge Rd.</a>, E32°50' S5°45', fl. 7 Nov.1978 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038487A1FF94904AD616228CA2949F77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cheek, M.;Chipanga, H.;Darbyshire, I.	Cheek, M., Chipanga, H., Darbyshire, I. (2018): Notes on the plant endemics of the quartzitic slopes of Mt Chimanimani (Mozambique & Zimbabwe), and a new, Critically Endangered species, Empogona jenniferae (Rubiaceae-Coffeeae). Blumea 63 (1): 87-92, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.08
038487A1FF94904AD6162016A0CC9EDB.text	038487A1FF94904AD6162016A0CC9EDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Empogona congesta (Cheek 2018) Cheek 2018	<div><p>Empogona congesta (Oliv.) Cheek subsp. chasei (Bridson) Cheek, comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym. Tricalysia congesta (Oliv.) Hiern subsp. chasei Bridson, Fl. Zambes. 5, 3 (2003) 478. — Type: Chase 3229 (holo K; iso BM n.v., SRGH n.v.), Zimbabwe, Mutare Distr., Marange C. L. (Maranki Reserve), fl. 26 Oct. 1950 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038487A1FF94904AD6162016A0CC9EDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cheek, M.;Chipanga, H.;Darbyshire, I.	Cheek, M., Chipanga, H., Darbyshire, I. (2018): Notes on the plant endemics of the quartzitic slopes of Mt Chimanimani (Mozambique & Zimbabwe), and a new, Critically Endangered species, Empogona jenniferae (Rubiaceae-Coffeeae). Blumea 63 (1): 87-92, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.08
038487A1FF94904AD61621C0A19D9E03.text	038487A1FF94904AD61621C0A19D9E03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tricalysia ruandensis Bremek. 1956	<div><p>Tricalysia ruandensis Bremek. (1956) 253</p><p>Tricalysia ruandensis was described by Bremekamp (1956) in reference to T. cacondensis Hiern, but without mention of the closely related T. congesta, suggesting that he may have overlooked that species in naming it.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038487A1FF94904AD61621C0A19D9E03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cheek, M.;Chipanga, H.;Darbyshire, I.	Cheek, M., Chipanga, H., Darbyshire, I. (2018): Notes on the plant endemics of the quartzitic slopes of Mt Chimanimani (Mozambique & Zimbabwe), and a new, Critically Endangered species, Empogona jenniferae (Rubiaceae-Coffeeae). Blumea 63 (1): 87-92, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.08
038487A1FF949048D54C2030A4A59F03.text	038487A1FF949048D54C2030A4A59F03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Empogona jenniferae Cheek 2018	<div><p>Empogona jenniferae Cheek, sp. nov. — Fig. 1</p><p>Differing from E. congesta (Oliv.) Cheek in the number of secondary nerves on each side of the midrib 4–6(–7) (not (5–)7–10(–12)); corolla tube and lobes both 5–6(–7) mm long (not 2–4(–5) mm and 4.5–5 mm,respectively); fruit ellipsoid, 7 by 6–8 mm, disc exserted, conspicuous (not globose, 5 mm diam,disc concealed). — Type: Wursten 1070 (holo K;iso BR n.v., LMA n.v.), Mozambique, Manica, slopes of ‘Mt Chimanimani’,western side Mevumodzi Valley, Eastern Chimanimani Mts, S 19°47'51" E33°07'21", fl. 30 Oct. 2014.</p><p>i</p><p>Etymology. Named in memory of Jennifer Ward Oppenheimer who was a philanthropist, committed conservationist and supporter of Kew’s Tropical Important Plant Areas work in Mozambique.</p><p>Erect tree 3 m tall, bark finely fissured, slash lime ( Müller 728). Internodes terete, (0.5–) 2–3 cm long, (1–)1.8–2.5(–3) mm diam, pale brown, minutely and sparsely puberulent, hairs simple, patent, 0.1 mm long. Leaves opposite and equal at each node, glossy and leathery, green yellow, elliptic, rarely rhombic-ovate, (3.2–)3.6–5.6(–6.3) by (1.4–)1.9–2.5(–3.5) cm, apex with a short, broad, round-apexed acumen 2–4(–6) mm long, rarely the apex not acuminate but rounded, base asymmetric, acute to obtuse, often decurrent as narrower wings of the petiole; secondary nerves 4–6(–7) on each side of the midrib, arising at c. 50° from the midrib, strongly brochidodro- mous, uniting to form a looping marginal nerve 1–2 mm from the margin, distalmost secondary nerves reflexing towards the more proximal nerves; tertiary nerves conspicuous on both surfaces, forming a coarse reticulum, also forming an intramarginal nerve &lt;0.1 mm from the margin, connected with the thicker secondary marginal nerve by numerous radiating tertiary veins. Domatia absent. Margin reflexed. Petiole canaliculate, (1–)2–4(–5) mm long, margin narrowly winged, glabrous. Stipules free, not sheathing but margins united with petiole bases, forming a pocket c. 2 by 2.5 mm, apex aristate, aristae 3–4 mm long, inner surface with simple hairs 0.3–0.8 mm long, abaxial surface with fine transverse lines, sparsely puberulent as stem. Inflorescences axillary, opposite, in up to 4 successive nodes below the stem apex, 1–4-flowered, c. 1.5 cm long, peduncle 1–1.5 mm long; cymose, calyculate, minutely, sparsely and inconspicuously patent-puberulent, at stem; calyculi cupular, or with minute and obscure stipular and foliar lobes, subtending each flower pair, flowers sessile, subtended by a cup-shaped calyculus, 1.1–1.8 by 2 mm, inner surface with simple hairs 0.3–0.5 mm long, outer surface glabrous or with a few patent hairs as stem. Calyx-hypanthium, subcylindric, 1.3–1.7 by 2 mm, base concealed by calyculus; calyx limb-tube short c. 0.1–0.2 mm; calyx lobes (4 or) 5, quadrate or hemi-orbicular 0.6–0.8 by 0.8–0.9 mm, not touching at anthesis, glabrous on both surfaces or with 1–3 hairs near the margin on the inner surface, the margin with 7–9 patent fimbriae 0.05–0.13 mm long. Corolla in pre-anthetic bud narrowly ovoid c. 8 by 4 mm, lobes overlapping to left; at anthesis white, tube dilating, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide at base, 4 mm at apex, lobes (4 or) 5 reflexed, about as long as tube, ovate-oblong 5–6(–7) by 3(–3.5) mm, apex shallowly retuse, with 5–10 patent minute hairs 0.1 mm long, otherwise glabrous. Inner surface glabrous, except for five densely hairy patches alternating with and inserted 0.5 mm below the attachment of the staminal filaments, patches 1–1.5 mm diam at base, hairs 1–1.5 mm long, radiating from patch, rigid. Stamens (4 or) 5, exserted, introrse, inserted 0.5–1 mm below the mouth of the corolla tube; filaments 2.5–3 by 0.6 mm, anthers narrowly oblong 4.5–5.5 by 0.6–1 mm, apex with connective extended apically beyond the thecae, triangular, 0.5–0.7 by 0.4 mm, filament insertion between basi- and medi-fixed. Disc glabrous, shortly cylindric, 0.4–0.5 by 1.2 mm, the upper surface flat, sunken around style base, the sides vertical, with shallow flanges (Fig. 1j). Style glabrous, cylindric, 0.3–0.5 mm diam, apex dilated, 0.75 mm wide, bifurcate, the two arms with stigmatic surface appressed together, exserted with stamens, c. 2.5 mm long. Ovary 2-celled, ovules numerous. Fruit ripening black, ellipsoid, c. 7 by 6 mm, apex with disc accrescent, slight exserted beyond the persistent calyx lobes. Seeds numerous, triangular in side view, with adaxial excava- tion, c. 2–2.5 by 2–2.5 mm, outer surface with epidermal cells, hardened, black, convex.</p><p>Distribution &amp; Ecology — Zimbabwe and Mozambique;known only from submontane forest and cliff, quartzitic sandstone substrate, Chimanimani Mt, 1200 –1580 m altitude.</p><p>Additional material. ZIMBABWE, Müller 728 (K, SRGH), The Corner, Martin Forest Reserve, Melsetter [Chimanimani] District, fl. buds, 15 Nov. 1967 ; Cronwright 4026 (BR n.v., K), Chimanimani Mts, fr., 23 May 1923 .</p><p>Conservation — Since the Cronwright specimen only gives ‘Mt Chimanimani’, the location cannot be pinpointed. We are left with the Müller specimen and that of Wursten giving us two precise sites one on each side of the border. Nothing in the data labels suggests that more than one individual was seen by each collector. Wursten specifies ‘ One specimen seen only’. Therefore the evidence points to E. jenniferae as occurring as widely scattered single individuals. It is not common even within its small range.</p><p>A mission to gather populational data and an understanding of threats on the endemic plant species of Chimanimani in 2015 did not refind this species (Timberlake et al. 2016). In contrast, another narrowly endemic coffeoid woody plant, Sericanthe sp. B of Flora Zambesiaca, was found in more than ten sites on that survey. Ongoing artisanal mining for gold in the upland quartzitic areas was and may continue to be a threat for tree species such as E. jenniferae since the miners used the sparse locally available trees and shrubs for fuel and shelter construction (Timberlake et al. 2016).</p><p>Under Criterion B we assess E. jenniferae as EN B1+B2ab(iii) in view of the stated threat, and since two management based locations are known (one in Zimbabwe, the other in Mozambique) equating to an area of occupancy of 8 km 2 using IUCNprefixed 4 km 2 cell size. The extent of occurrence is estimated as equal to the area of occupancy.</p><p>Under Criterion D we assess E. jenniferae as Critically Endangered, since despite numerous missions surveying the plant of the upper quartzitic slopes of Chimanimani by numerous botanists, including all three of the authors of this paper, only three individuals have been recorded. We estimate that the total number of mature individuals is greater than this, but that it is less than 50.</p><p>Cultivation. This species has potential for ornamental horticul- ture if it can be cultivated in view of its attractive glossy leaves and abundant, relatively large, likely sweet-smelling flowers.</p><p>Müller 728 had been initially determined as Tricalysia congesta, and Cronwright 4026 as T. cacondensis . Both had been redetermined as T. ruandensis Bremek. by Robbrecht in 1978 in the course of his revision of Tricalysia .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038487A1FF949048D54C2030A4A59F03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cheek, M.;Chipanga, H.;Darbyshire, I.	Cheek, M., Chipanga, H., Darbyshire, I. (2018): Notes on the plant endemics of the quartzitic slopes of Mt Chimanimani (Mozambique & Zimbabwe), and a new, Critically Endangered species, Empogona jenniferae (Rubiaceae-Coffeeae). Blumea 63 (1): 87-92, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.08
038487A1FF96904FD54C2116A50A9B37.text	038487A1FF96904FD54C2116A50A9B37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Olea chimanimani MOUNTAINS	<div><p>THE CHIMANIMANI MOUNTAINS</p><p>The Chimanimani Mountains, which are situated towards the north-eastern limit of the Great Escarpment of southern Africa (Clark et al. 2011), have long been known for their botanical importance, in particular for their high number of endemic species (see, for example, Goodier &amp; Phipps 1961, Wild 1964). Van Wyk &amp; Smith (2001) designated this area as the Chimanimani subcentre of endemism within the wider Chimanimani-Nyanga Centre. Until very recently, however, only the Zimbabwean side of the massif was well known botanically, and the much larger Mozambican portion of the massif remained under-explored. Following a series of botanical surveys on the Mozambican Chimanimani in 2014–2016 supported by a ‘Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF)’ grant (Timberlake et al. 2016), a comprehensive checklist of species occurring above 1 200 m on the massif is now available. A total of 977 taxa is recorded including 74 strict endemic and 19 near-endemic taxa (Wursten et al. 2017). For these reasons alone, Chimanimani will merit rating as two Tropical Important Plant Areas (TIPAs), one on each side of the border, using the criteria of Darbyshire et al. (2017). The endemism rate on Chimanimani (7.7 %) is mark- edly higher than that of other comparable mountain ranges of southern tropical Africa – for example, the Nyanga massif in Zimbabwe (1.4 %) and Mt Mulanje in Malawi (5.4 %) (Strugnell 2002, Clark et al. 2017, Wursten et al. 2017). This high endemism is concentrated on the extensive outcrops of quartzite which result in thin, nutrient-poor and phosphorus-deficient soils that encourage local speciation through specialisation to these harsh growing conditions (Phipps &amp; Goodier 1962, Wild 1964, Wursten et al. 2017). Indeed, many of the endemics are from plant groups typical of nutrient-poor soils, including four species of Thesium, one endemic and two near-endemic Erica species, and one of the few tropical African restio species, Platycaulos quartziticola (H.P.Linder) H.P.Linder &amp; C.R.Hardy. Others are typical of rocky environments including four endemic species of Aloe and several species in the African Asclepias complex (Chuba et al. 2017, Goyder 1998, 2001, 2009), or of associated seasonal wet flushes over thin soils, such as Xyris asterotricha Lock, Mesanthemum africanum Hassk. and Centella obtriangularis Cannon. Whilst most of the endemic species are herbs or ericaceous shrubs, the new Empogona described here is one of a small number of woody endemics which include Olea chimanimani Kupicha, Sericanthe sp. B of Flora Zambesiaca and a new species of Olinia currently under description (T. Shah &amp; I. Darbyshire, in prep.). A number of other potentially new endemic species were discovered during the 2014–2016 surveys, including a species of Streptocarpus and a species of Indigofera (Wursten et al. 2017) .</p><p>Following a long period of relative neglect in terms of biodiversity research, driven in part by the protracted period of unrest associated with the war of independence (1964–1975) and subsequent civil war (1977–1992), Mozambique has seen a recent upsurge in botanical exploration over the past decade and a half. Although the total flora is currently unknown due to under-exploration of many areas, the species richness is likely to be the highest of the Flora Zambesiaca region. New surveys at botanically interesting sites in Mozambique are routinely producing new country records and new species. For example, botanical expeditions to Mt Namuli in Zambezia Province in 2007 resulted in the discovery of four entirely new species to science – Coleus namuliensis E.Downes &amp; I.Darbysh., Crotalaria namuliensis Polhill &amp; T.Harris, Isoglossa namuliensis I.Darbysh. and Crepidorhopalon sp. nov. ined. – as well as 28 new taxon records for Mozambique (Harris et al. 2011, Downes &amp; Darbyshire 2017). Of even greater note, during surveys of the coastal dry forests of northeastern-most Mozambique in Cabo Delgado Province between 2003 and 2009, of the 738 plant taxa recorded from over 3 000 botanical collections, 68 new species records for Mozambique were listed and an additional 36 taxa were either entirely new to science or previously known only from fragmentary material and so undescribed (Timberlake et al. 2011). Several of these species have subsequently been described, including Didymosalpinx callianthus J.E.Burrows &amp; S.M.Burrows and Oxyanthus biflorus J.E.Burrows &amp; S.M.Burrows in Rubiaceae (Burrows &amp; Burrows 2010), Stylochaeton tortispathum Bogner &amp; Haigh in Araceae (in Haigh &amp; Boyce 2012), Warneckea cordiformis R.D.Stone (Stone 2013), Ochna dolicharthros F.M.Crawford &amp; I.Darbysh. in Ochnaceae (Crawford &amp; Darbyshire 2015), Xylopia lukei D.M.Johnson &amp; Goyder and X. tenuipetala D.M.Johnson &amp; Goyder in Annonaceae (Johnson et al. 2017) and Crossopetalum mossambicense I.Darbysh. in Celastraceae (Darbyshire et al. 2016) . The lattermost discovery led to the recognition of the genus Crossopetalum P.Browne in Africa for the first time, it previously having been considered a New World genus (Darbyshire et al. 2016).</p><p>The continued botanical exploration of Mozambique over forth- coming years will no doubt lead to many more species discoveries and will provide us with a much clearer understanding of the total species richness of this fascinating and diverse country.</p><p>Acknowledgement Janis Shillito is thanked for typing the manuscript and David Goyder for reviewing an earlier version of the manuscript.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038487A1FF96904FD54C2116A50A9B37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cheek, M.;Chipanga, H.;Darbyshire, I.	Cheek, M., Chipanga, H., Darbyshire, I. (2018): Notes on the plant endemics of the quartzitic slopes of Mt Chimanimani (Mozambique & Zimbabwe), and a new, Critically Endangered species, Empogona jenniferae (Rubiaceae-Coffeeae). Blumea 63 (1): 87-92, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.01.08
