identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0384A971FFB9FFC3A582BF7FFE2E1C3C.text	0384A971FFB9FFC3A582BF7FFE2E1C3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nesonotus vulneratus Hugel 2013	<div><p>Nesonotus vulneratus Hugel, n. sp.</p> <p>(Figs. 1–15; tab. 1)</p> <p>Holotype. Male. [Caribbean, Lesser Antilles], Martinique, Le Marigot, D1, Trace des Jésuites O, 650 m alt., 14°43’53’’N, 61°04’40’’O, 2.VIII.2008, vue de nuit [sight by night], enregistré [recorded], leg. S. Hugel, 1♂, Martinique 2008 020, MNHN (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3218). Female. [Caribbean, Lesser Antilles, Martinique], l’Alma, 10.III.[19]55; Nesonotus sp. ? denticulatus Brunner 1895 appartient au R[évérend] P[ère] Pinchon à Fort de France Martinique, J. Bonfils det. IX 1969. Allotype. MNHN (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3219). Paratypes. [Caribbean, Lesser Antilles], Martinique, Fonds-Saint-Denis, plateau Boucher, sentier du Carbet, 650 m alt., 61°06'00"O - 14°43'09"N, 11.VIII.2008, ab larva, 1♂, Martinique 2008 117; 2♀, Martinique 2008 112, Martinique 2008 114; all leg. &amp; coll. S. Hugel. Non type material. Specimens from breeding of paratypes females: 2♂, 1♀; coll. S. Hugel.</p> <p>Diagnosis. N. vulneratus Hugel, n. sp. is characterized by the following: Head light brown, without dark pattern except mandibles and labrum distally; median ocellus very small, circular, not colored (Fig. 1); face carina lateralis interna forming a basal bulge (fig.1); scape without conspicuous distal spine (Fig. 2); pro discus with parasagittal black pattern (Fig. 2); T1 with 4–5 conspicuous denticles on both dorsal carinae (Fig. 3); F1, F2 and F3 on both sides without distinct genicular spine; male subgenital plate neither notched, nor elongated (Fig. 7); male cerci with a long projection pointing inwards/downwards (figs. 7–9); female subgenital plate wider than long, with pointing lateral lobes, with a distinct U-shaped notch separating semi-circular distal lobes (Fig. 10); ovipositor regularly narrowed toward apex, slightly up-curved (Fig. 11).</p> <p>Description. Head. Figs.1, 2. Antennae about twice as long as length of body, scape with a minute bulge, not a spine. Head wide, slightly wider than pronotum. Face carina lateralis interna well distinct and marked in the basal half of the frons; forming a basal bulge. Face carina lateralis externa well distinct and marked from below the eyes to the mandibles. Cuticle of head smooth, not wrinkled. Fastrigium of vertex: from above with basal bulges harboring lateral ocelli separated by a furrow, apex pointing, reaching the scrobae. Space between eyes about 1.7 times as wide as the wider diameter of eye. Eyes ovoid. Thorax. Fig 2. Pronotum with numerous tubercles in the prozone and mesozone; metazone less densely tuberculated; lateral lobes without distinct tubercles; anterior transversal sulcus shallow, distinct in the discus only; posterior transversal sulcus deep, well distinct in the discus and the lateral lobes; short deep sagittal sulcus crossing the posterior transversal sulcus in the middle; pro- and mesozone of the discus with indistinct sagittal carina; discus anterior margin convex, with an indistinct median bulge; posterior margin of the discus with a shallow median concavity; lateral lobe posteriorly well developed and strongly rimmed. Thoracic auditory opening ovoid, well distinct. Prosternum with spines of medium length. Legs. Fore coxae dorsally with anteriorly directed long spine. F1: rounded dorsally; with distinct ventral carinae; inner (anterior) carina with 4 spines; outer (posterior) carina non armed. F2 rounded dorsally; with distinct ventral carinae; outer (anterior) carina with 3–4 spines (usually 4); inner (posterior) carina not armed. F3 with 7–11 spines in the ventral carina. All genicular lobes non armed (rarely with an indistinct tubercle). T1 (Fig. 3) squared in cross section, with well distinct carinae; tibia not enlarged after the tympanal area (side view, fig 3); tympanal organ orifices equal, opened dorsally; inner (anterior) dorsal carina with 4–5 blunt spines; outer (posterior) dorsal carina with 3–5 blunt spines; inner (anterior) ventral carina with 6–7 subapical spurs; outer (posterior) ventral carina with 4–6 subapical spurs. T2 usually with 6 subapical spurs on both ventral carinae. T3 squared in cross section; with 4– 5 inner (posterior) ventral subapical spurs; with 7–8 outer (anterior) ventral subapical spurs; with 8–11 inner (posterior) dorsal subapical spines; with 6–7 outer (anterior) dorsal subapical spines. Wings. Well developed; exceeding distinctly the abdomen and hind knees. FW: middle of large cells filled with fine veinlet nets. Abdomen: dorsal surface of tergites not modified.</p> <p>Male. Wings. Figs. 4–6. Left FW mirror opaque, without nets of veinlets; about 1.4 times as high (maximal height) as wide (maximal width). File with ca. 170 lamellar teeth (Fig. 6). Terminalia. Figs. 7–9. Subgenital plate symmetrical, with weakly converging lateral sides; without posterior emargination; with distinct long styli. Cerci long, projecting interiorly and ventrally, with a small dorsal callosity in the inflection point. Female. Terminalia. Figs. 10–11. Ovipositor almost strait; regularly narrowing toward apex. Subgenital plate strongly modified; wider than long, with pointing lateral lobes, with a distinct U-shaped notch separating semi-circular distal lobes. Lateral sclerites ovoid, slightly concave.</p> <p>Color. Similar in male and female. Light brown; head without black pattern except mandibles and labrum distally (Fig. 1). Apex of spines black, particularly in T1. T1 darkened. Pro discus with parasagittal black pattern (Fig. 2); FW veins and veinlets light brown, cells darkened, particularly large cells without veinlets. HW: slightly infumated. Male anal field darkened. Ovipositor apex darkened.</p> <p>Bioacoustics. Fig. 12–15. Nesonotus vulneratus Hugel, n. sp. sings by night hours, staying in the highest branches of the undergrowth and probably the canopy as well. The call consists of long (&gt; 1 min) irregular repetitions of simple syllables. At 25°C, syllables are repeated at the rate of 2.65±0.06 syllable/s (syllable duration: 18.8±5.5 ms; inter-syllable interval: 375.7±9.7 ms). Syllables are made of 5.9±0.1 distinct trains of waves. The frequency peaks between 14–16 kHz. This species produces sometimes tremulations while singing. Unlike Nesonotus reticulatus, Nesonotus vulneratus Hugel, n. sp. does not tremulate on a regular basis (Stumpner et al., in press).</p> <p>Biology. This large species occurs on the hygrophilous forest of Martinique where it is often observed by night high on trees. In captivity, it feeds mostly on plant material and drills shelters on soft wood.</p> <p>Etymology. After the strong bite of the species.</p> <p>Remark. N. vulneratus Hugel, n. sp. is close to N. salomonoides also from Martinique, and to N. denticulatus from Saint Lucia (new record; type locality unknown). N. vulneratus Hugel, n. sp. can be distinguished from N. salomonoides by: the condition of T1 dorsal carinae (non armed in N. salomonoides); the condition of T1 genicular lobe (inner lobe with a spine in N. salomonoides); the head color (darkened except the clypeus in N. salomonoides); the size (smaller in N. salomonoides); the male cerci (upcurved with a basal bulge and a terminal spine in N. salomonoides); the female subgenital plate (longer than wide with a narrow notch in N. salomonoides). N. vulneratus Hugel, n. sp. can be distinguished from N. denticulatus by: the head color (large yellow median ocellus and darkened head in N. denticulatus); the male subgenital plate (with a V-shaped notch in N. denticulatus); the male cerci (with a terminal spine in N. denticulatus); the female subgenital plate (longer than wide with a narrow notch in N. denticulatus).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0384A971FFB9FFC3A582BF7FFE2E1C3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hugel, Sylvain;Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure	Hugel, Sylvain, Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure (2013): New Pseudophyllinae from the Lesser Antilles (Orthoptera: Ensifera: Tettigoniidae). Zootaxa 3741 (2): 279-288, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.2.6
0384A971FFBDFFC0A582BB15FE8318DF.text	0384A971FFBDFFC0A582BB15FE8318DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nesonotus caeruloglobus Hugel 2013	<div><p>Nesonotus caeruloglobus Hugel, n. sp.</p> <p>(Figs. 16–30; tab. 2)</p> <p>Holotype. Male. [Caribbean, Lesser Antilles] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.36861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.346389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.36861/lat 15.346389)">Dominique</a> [Dominica], Springfield ATREC, Bee House Track, 15°20’53’’N, 61°22’07’’O, 394 m alt., 28.VII.2008, vue de nuit [sight by night], enregistré, Hugel S. leg., Dominique2008 070, MNHN (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3220). Female. [Caribbean, Lesser Antilles] Dominique [Dominica], Springfield ATREC, 15°20’47’’N, 61°22’07’’O, 355 m alt., 26.VII.2008, ab larva, vue de nuit [sight by night], Hugel S. leg, Dominique 2008 113, Allotype. MNHN (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3221). Paratypes. Same as holotype, Springfield ATREC, river, 15°20’44’’N, 61°22’10’’O, 335 m alt., 26.VII.2008, vue de nuit [sight by night], Hugel leg, 1♂, Dominique 2008 083, DIC; same as allotype, 26.VII.2008, ab larva, vue de nuit [sight by night], Hugel S. leg, coll. SH, 2♂, Dominique 2008 111, Dominique 2008 112, 1♀, Dominique 2008 114; all coll. SH.</p> <p>Diagnosis. N. caeruloglobus Hugel, n. sp. is characterized by the following: Head brown, usually with black patterns below the eyes, below the scrobae, on face (impressed points), on occiput (figs. 16, 17); median ocellus of medium size, circular, not colored (Fig. 16); face carina lateralis interna not forming a basal bulge (fig.16); scape with conspicuous spine (Fig. 16–17); pro discus with transversal black pattern (Fig. 17); T1 without dorsal denticles; fore wing costal field with fine reticulation (Fig. 18); male left FW with narrow mirror (about half as wide as maximal height, Fig. 19); male subgenital plate with a shallow notch (Fig. 22); T3 genicular lobe with a distinct spine on both side; male cerci up-curved, with a terminal spine, with a large basal bulge (figs. 22–24), without long projection; female subgenital plate longer than wide, with a narrow emargination (Fig. 25); ovipositor wide, slightly up-curved (Fig. 26).</p> <p>Description. Head. Figs. 16, 17. Antennae about twice as long as length of body, scape with a distinct spine. Head wide, slightly narrower than pronotum. Face carina lateralis interna distinct in the basal half of the frons, not bulging on the basis. Face carina lateralis externa distinct from below the eyes to the mandibles. Cuticle of head smooth, not wrinkled. Fastigium of vertex: from above with basal bulges harboring lateral ocelli separated by a furrow, apex pointing, hardly reaching the scrobae; apex up curved in side view. Space between eyes about 1.5 times as wide as the wider diameter of eye. Eyes rounded, salient. Thorax. Fig 17. Pronotum with numerous tubercles in the discus; lateral lobes with shallow tubercles, lateral lobes mesozona wrinkled; anterior transversal sulcus shallow, distinct in the discus only; posterior transversal sulcus deep, well distinct in the discus and the lateral lobes; short deep sagittal sulcus crossing the posterior transversal sulcus in the middle; discus anterior margin convex; posterior margin of the discus with a shallow median concavity; lateral lobe ventral margin strongly rimmed. Thoracic auditory opening ovoid, well distinct. Prosternum with long divergent spines. Legs. Fore coxae dorsally with anteriorly directed long spine. F1: rounded dorsally; with distinct ventral carinae; inner (anterior) carina with 3–4 spines; outer (posterior) carina unarmed. F2 rounded dorsally; with distinct ventral carinae; outer (anterior) carina with 4 spines; inner (posterior) carina unarmed. F3 with 6–8 spines in the ventral carina. All genicular lobes armed on both sides except F1 outer (posterior) and F2 outer (anterior) genicular lobes. T1 squared in cross section, with well distinct carinae; tibia enlarged after the tympanal area; tympanal organ orifices equals, opened dorsally; both dorsal carinae unarmed; inner (anterior) ventral carina with 6–7 (usually 6) subapical spurs; outer (posterior) ventral carina with 6 subapical spurs. T2 with 6 subapical spurs on both ventral carinae. T3 squared in cross section; with 6–8 inner (posterior) ventral subapical spurs; with 9–10 outer (anterior) ventral subapical spurs; with 8–11 inner (posterior) dorsal subapical spines; with 3–5 outer (anterior) dorsal subapical spines. Wings. Well developed; exceeding distinctly the abdomen and hind knees. FW: large cells fully filled with fine veinlet nets except on the basis of the coastal area with middle sized cells free of veinlets (Fig. 18). Abdomen: dorsal surface of tergites not modified.</p> <p>Male. Wings. Figs. 19–21. Left FW mirror opaque, with nets of veinlets in the distal posterior margin; about 1.7 times as high (maximal height) as wide (maximal width). File with ca. 125 lamellar teeth (Fig. 21). Terminalia. Figs. 22–23. Subgenital plate symmetrical, with parallel lateral sides; with shallow posterior V-shaped emargination; with long styli. Cerci up-curved, with a terminal spine, with a large basal bulge (figs. 22–24), without long projection.</p> <p>Female. Terminalia. Figs. 25–26. Ovipositor almost strait; regularly narrowing toward apex. Subgenital plate not modified, triangular; longer than wide, with a short narrow notch. Lateral sclerites ovoid, strongly concavous.</p> <p>Color. Eyes blue in living specimens. Brown; head usually with black pattern below the eyes, on imprinted points, clypeus suture, occiput, pronotum carinae, lateral lobe mesozona, apex of spines and spurs (figs. 16, 17). FW veins and veinlets light brown, cells darkened, particularly large cells without veinlets on the costal field. HW: slightly infumated. Male anal field darkened, file black. Ovipositor apex darkened.</p> <p>Bioacoustics. Fig. 27–30. Nesonotus caeruloglobus Hugel, n. sp. sings by night hours, from the undergrowth to the canopy. The call consists of long (&gt; 1 min) relatively regular repetitions of verses. At 26°C, verses are repeated at a frequency of 0.99±0.1 verse/s (verse duration: 41.5±1.2 ms). Verses are formed by two syllables (first syllable duration: 7.9±0.3 ms with 4.7±0.1 trains of waves; second syllable duration: 24.3±1.2 ms with 12.9±0.1 trains of waves; inter syllable interval: 9.2±0.3 ms). The frequency peaks between 14–16 kHz. As N. reticulatus, N. caeruloglobus Hugel, n. sp. produces tremulations independent to the song production (Stumpner et al. in press).</p> <p>Biology. This species occurs on the hygrophilous forest of Dominica, in preserved and gardened forest.</p> <p>Etymology. After blue eyes of living specimens.</p> <p>Remark. N. caeruloglobus Hugel, n. sp. is close to N. tricornis from Saint Barthélémy, and to N. reticulatus from Guadeloupe. N. caeruloglobus Hugel, n. sp. can be distinguished from N. tricornis by: the size (much smaller in N. tricornis); F3 genicular lobes (mostly without spines in N. tricornis); the male left FW mirror (not as narrow in N. tricornis as in N. caeruloglobus Hugel, n. sp.); the male cerci (narrower with an inconspicuous basal bulge in N. tricornis). N. caeruloglobus Hugel, n. sp. can be distinguished from N. reticulatus redescribed by Bonfils (1966) by: the costal field (with very wide reticulation in N. reticulatus); the male left FW mirror (not as narrow in N. reticulatus as in N. caeruloglobus Hugel, n. sp.); the male cerci (with an inconspicuous basal bulge in N. reticulatus).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0384A971FFBDFFC0A582BB15FE8318DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hugel, Sylvain;Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure	Hugel, Sylvain, Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure (2013): New Pseudophyllinae from the Lesser Antilles (Orthoptera: Ensifera: Tettigoniidae). Zootaxa 3741 (2): 279-288, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.2.6
0384A971FFB0FFCEA582BD97FBC4183C.text	0384A971FFB0FFCEA582BD97FBC4183C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nesonotus Beier 1960	<div><p>Genus Nesonotus</p> <p>The genus Nesonotus was erected by Beier (1960) to include species from Lesser Antilles previously considered as belonging to Bliastes Stål, 1873. Two groups of species might be recognized within Nesonotus: species of the Tricornis Group (N. tricornis, N. reticulatus, N. caeruloglobus Hugel, n. sp.) with head slightly narrower than pronotum, face with distinct but not marked carinae with a distinct spine on the scape, and with long prosternal spines; and species of the Denticulatus Group (all the other species including N. vulneratus Hugel, n. sp.) having wide head with very marked carinae, without distinct spine on the scape but a blunt knob, with prosternal spines of medium size. Although Beier (1960) included the sharp spine on the scape in the diagnosis of Nesonotus, this character state does not occur in all species yet included in this genus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0384A971FFB0FFCEA582BD97FBC4183C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hugel, Sylvain;Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure	Hugel, Sylvain, Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure (2013): New Pseudophyllinae from the Lesser Antilles (Orthoptera: Ensifera: Tettigoniidae). Zootaxa 3741 (2): 279-288, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.2.6
