taxonID	type	description	language	source
038587FE5142FFE26AE5FF66DF5EFDC3.taxon	description	Family Chaetocerotaceae Ralfs in Pritchard 1861	en	Bosak, Sunčica, Sarno, Diana (2017): The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea. Phytotaxa 314 (1): 1-44, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.314.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.314.1.1
038587FE5151FFFC6AE5FA65DEC6F929.taxon	description	Morphometry: — a. a.: 7 – 51 μm; p. a.: 8 – 43 μm. LM: — Cells are united in straight chains, sometimes slightly curved in the apical plane (Fig. 117). There are several (( 2) 4 – 10) small discoid chloroplasts present in each cell (Figs 118, 119). The valve face is weakly to strongly concave; the valve corners are sharp and drawn up, touching those of the sibling cell. Apertures are wide and elliptical. The mantle is high, usually with a distinct constriction near the margin. The girdle is usually lower than or equidimensional with the mantle. In cells from field samples there were often observed organic threads projecting from the girdle region (Fig. 118). The setae originate from the valve corners, fuse immediately at the chain margin and then diverge at an angle of ca 30 ° equally from the chain axis. All the setae are lying in the apical plane. The length of the fused part of the setae appears to be a very variable character with the extent of fusion varying even within a single chain and generally reduced in culture material. In most cases and especially in field samples setae can fuse for up to several times their diameter (Fig. 118), however, they can be also fused only at their point of cross over (Fig. 117). The intercalary setae are very stiff, straight and variable in length. Terminal setae appear slightly thicker than intercalary ones, diverging from cell corners in a wide V-shaped curve. Resting spores were not observed. EM: — The valve has a central annulus from which extends a pattern of radiating costae branching dichotomously towards the valve margin and becoming parallel on the valve mantle (Fig. 120). The hyaline areas between costae are densely perforated with poroids (Figs 120, 122, 124). A small rimoportula, with an internal distinct labiate structure (Figs 123, 124) and a very small external protrusion (Fig. 121), is present only on terminal valves. The marginal ridge is ornamented with a hyaline rim and siliceous projections which extend as fringes from the valve mantle (Fig 120). Projections may become large and slice-shaped in proximity of the valve apices (Fig. 121). These projections, in the intercalary valve, fuse with the corresponding structures of the sibling valve (Fig. 120) to form a hyaline structure that can partially occlude the aperture. Girdle bands are ornamented with transverse ribs alternating with less silicified rows of irregularly scattered poroids (Fig. 125). The setae are polygonal, four- to five-sided (Figs 126, 127). Each side is ornamented with a single straight longitudinal row of large round-oval poroids. The size of poroids varies between 0.3 and 0.7 μm with a density of 14 – 22 poroids in 10 μm in the proximal and central part of the setae (Fig. 126). Larger poroids (up to 1.1 μm) have been rarely observed near the seta tip. Spines are shark fin-shaped and positioned along the setae ridges (Figs 126, 127). Distinctive features: — Corners of sibling valves touching and forming a large aperture; intercalary setae usually fused for a variable distance. Setae stiff, extended in the apical plane, polygonal in cross section. Valve surface densely perforated with poroids. Rimoportula very small with a labiate structure.	en	Bosak, Sunčica, Sarno, Diana (2017): The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea. Phytotaxa 314 (1): 1-44, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.314.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.314.1.1
038587FE515BFFFB6AE5FF56DC09FD60.taxon	description	Description: — a. a.: 15 – 35 μm; p. a.: 16 – 30 μm. LM: — Cells are united in long, curved or helical chains (Fig. 160). Cells are elliptical in valve view and rectangular in girdle view. In each cell there is a single lobed chloroplast (Fig. 161). The valve face is concave with four protuberances situated along the valve margin, two per each side of the valve positioned close to the valve apices. Each protuberance fuses with the corresponding one on the sibling valve (Fig. 161) forming a narrow oval aperture which is shorter than the cell apical axis (Fig. 161). Intercalary setae originate from the valve corners and fuse immediately without basal part. In girdle view all setae are curved towards the same, convex side of the chain (Fig. 160) while in valve view they are all bent to one side of the apical axis. Distinctive features: — Chains curved in the pervalvar plane. Oval aperture narrower than in the very similar species C. curvisetus.	en	Bosak, Sunčica, Sarno, Diana (2017): The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea. Phytotaxa 314 (1): 1-44, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.314.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.314.1.1
038587FE515BFFFB6AE5FD72DCF0F8DC.taxon	description	Morphometry: — a. a.: 9 – 13 μm; p. a.: 5 – 13 μm. LM: — Cells are joined in short chains curved in broad girdle view. Each cell usually possesses three curved setae and one long and straight seta which extends towards the concave part of the chain. By connection of the long setae tips short chains join to form large spherical colonies having in their centre the interconnected tips (Figs 162, 163). The cells are elliptical in valve view and rectangular in girdle view with sharp corners. Each cell possesses a single large chloroplast (Fig. 165). The delicate and thin setae originate inside the valve margins and direct outwards, with sibling setae crossing each other after a long basal part thus forming wide hexagonal apertures (Figs 164, 165). In valve view, the orientation of the setae has one pair of sibling setae diverging 30 – 50 ° from the apical plane. One member of the second pair curves back around the cell and continuing in the direction of the first pair, and the other being especially elongated and growing toward the colony centre. Resting spores are round in shape, with both valves dome-shaped and spiny (Fig. 164). EM: — The frustule is weakly silicified. Valve face is flat to concave with an inflated central part (Fig. 168); the mantle is low without a constriction near its edge, girdle usually equidimensional with the mantle. The valve is ornamented with a weak pattern of scarcely distributed costae radiating from the central annulus and converging towards the two insertion points of the setae (Figs 167). The setae are circular in cross-section, bearing arrowhead shaped spines arranged in a helicoidal pattern (Fig. 169). Setae are also ornamented with small poroids arranged in a spiral pattern, and with irregularly distributed larger elongated pores (Fig. 169). Both valves of the resting spore are covered with spines over the whole surface and a ring of spines at the margin of the primary valve (Figs 170, 171). The spines appear to be conically shaped and occasionally the longest spines have a minute bifurcation at the tip. The spines vary greatly in length with generally the primary valve spines being much longer than on the secondary valve (Fig. 172). Distinctive features: — Curved chains usually joined in large spherical colonies by connection of the tips of long setae. Delicate and thin setae having a distinct basal part and forming large hexagonal apertures. Resting spores with spines on both valves.	en	Bosak, Sunčica, Sarno, Diana (2017): The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea. Phytotaxa 314 (1): 1-44, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.314.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.314.1.1
