taxonID	type	description	language	source
03855567400AFFA4D827727A6FA974FA.taxon	description	Definition. Halichondrids with finger­shaped fistules possessing a central spicular axis, with strong secondary tracts supporting the ectosome. Spicules styles and / or oxeas, usually in two size categories (Erpenbeck & Van Soest 2002).	en	Carvalho, Mariana De S., Carraro, João L., Lerner, Cléa, Hajdu, Eduardo (2003): First record of Ciocalypta (Demospongiae: Halichondrida) from Brazil, southwestern Atlantic, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 302: 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156619
03855567400AFFA4D827727A6FA974FA.taxon	materials_examined	Type Species. Ciocalypta penicillus Bowerbank, 1864: 179 (by monotypy)	en	Carvalho, Mariana De S., Carraro, João L., Lerner, Cléa, Hajdu, Eduardo (2003): First record of Ciocalypta (Demospongiae: Halichondrida) from Brazil, southwestern Atlantic, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 302: 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156619
03855567400AFFA0D8277406698E75D8.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. MCNPOR 5056, Ilha de Coral, SC, 27 º 56.242 ' S – 48 º 32.679 ' W, 12 m depth, colls. C. Lerner & J. P. Cauduro Filho, 08. iii. 2001. Paratypes. MCNPOR 5060, Ilha de Coral, SC, 27 º 56.242 ' S – 48 º 32.679 ' W, 12 m depth, coll. C. Lerner & J. P. Cauduro Filho, 08. iii. 2001; MNRJ 501, Saco das Anchovas, Ilhabela, São Sebastião, SP, 23 º 55.206 ' S – 45 º 17.936 ' W, 15 ­ 17 m depth, coll. E. Hajdu, 22 / vi / 1997; MNRJ 555, Ponta do Frade, Ilhabela, São Sebastião, SP, 23 º 54.972 ' S – 45 º 27.547 ' W, 24 ­ 25 m depth, coll. M. LeBlanc, 18 / vi / 1997; MNRJ 779, 781, Ilha da Serraria, Ilhabela, SP, 23 º 48.758 ' S – 45 º 13.812 ' W, 20 m depth, coll. E. Hajdu, 11 / i / 1996. Comparative material. Ciocalypta penicillus — MNRJ 1171 (dredged off Roscoff, France, det. C. Lévi, iv. 1992).	en	Carvalho, Mariana De S., Carraro, João L., Lerner, Cléa, Hajdu, Eduardo (2003): First record of Ciocalypta (Demospongiae: Halichondrida) from Brazil, southwestern Atlantic, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 302: 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156619
03855567400AFFA0D8277406698E75D8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ciocalypta alba sp. nov. possesses neatly transparent fistules with small habit (up to 2 cm), and a single category of oxeas.	en	Carvalho, Mariana De S., Carraro, João L., Lerner, Cléa, Hajdu, Eduardo (2003): First record of Ciocalypta (Demospongiae: Halichondrida) from Brazil, southwestern Atlantic, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 302: 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156619
03855567400AFFA0D8277406698E75D8.taxon	description	Description. Specimens with firm consistency, hispid, with a basal mass with a variable number of slender conical fistules ranging from 0.4 – 2 cm in height, and up to 5 mm in thickness (Fig. 2 a). The fistules are fused in a thin base ca. 1 cm high which is covered by some milimetres of fine sediment. Colour of the fistules and the base is white­yelowish alive, and whitish in alcohol. The surface has a translucent appearance, through which the central spicular axis is clearly visible. Oscules and pores inconspicuous, even in situ. Skeleton. Fistules, cavernous (Fig. 2 b) — Ectosomal skeleton tangential to the surface, easily detachable, formed by oxeas. Axial choanosomal skeleton constituted by a dense, central, longitudinal spicule bundle. Extra­axial tracts ramifying from the centre towards the ectosome, where they form subectosomal brushes. Little or no spongin present. Base, cavernous (Fig. 2 c) — Dense, easily detachable ectosomal skeleton with spicules tangential to the surface. Choanosomal skeleton formed by criss­crossed oxeas basally; wherefrom bundles, mostly parallel, running towards the surface, originate. These bundles form brushes close to the surface. Spicules (Fig. 2 d; Table 1). Oxeas — straight (rarely) or slightly curved at centre (often): length 156 ­ 413 ­ 874 µm, width 2 ­ 10.2 ­ 20 µm.	en	Carvalho, Mariana De S., Carraro, João L., Lerner, Cléa, Hajdu, Eduardo (2003): First record of Ciocalypta (Demospongiae: Halichondrida) from Brazil, southwestern Atlantic, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 302: 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156619
03855567400AFFA0D8277406698E75D8.taxon	distribution	Distribution and Ecology. Known from Ilha de Coral, Santa Catarina state, and Ilhabela, São Sebastião, São Paulo state. The specimens were collected at 12 – 25 m depth. The base is covered by sediment.	en	Carvalho, Mariana De S., Carraro, João L., Lerner, Cléa, Hajdu, Eduardo (2003): First record of Ciocalypta (Demospongiae: Halichondrida) from Brazil, southwestern Atlantic, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 302: 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156619
03855567400AFFA0D8277406698E75D8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the colour white­yelowish alive of the fistules and the base, and the translucent appearance of the surface.	en	Carvalho, Mariana De S., Carraro, João L., Lerner, Cléa, Hajdu, Eduardo (2003): First record of Ciocalypta (Demospongiae: Halichondrida) from Brazil, southwestern Atlantic, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 302: 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156619
03855567400AFFA0D8277406698E75D8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We recognize five species of Ciocalypta from the Atlantic ocean, viz. C. gibbsi Wells, Wells & Gray, 1960 (North Carolina); C. penicillus Bowerbank, 1864 (originally NE and NW Atlantic, Caribbean, besides Mediterranean and several localities in the Indo­Pacific area); C. polymastia (Von Lendenfeld, 1888; Patagonia, besides E Australia and New Zealand); C. porrecta (Topsent, 1928; Cabo Verde) and C. pseudoporrecta (Van Soest & Stentoft, 1988; Caribbean).	en	Carvalho, Mariana De S., Carraro, João L., Lerner, Cléa, Hajdu, Eduardo (2003): First record of Ciocalypta (Demospongiae: Halichondrida) from Brazil, southwestern Atlantic, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 302: 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156619
03855567400AFFA0D8277406698E75D8.taxon	description	Specimens Óxeas MCNPOR 5056 Holotype 204 ­ 430.3 ­ 732 / 3 ­ 10.2 ­ 20 MCNPOR 5060 Paratype 190 ­ 480.6 ­ 874 / 2 ­ 9.1 ­ 19 ‘ Leucophloeus ’ styliferus Stephens, 1915 was to be transferred to Ciocalypta, as the former genus is considered a synonym of the latter by Erpenbeck & Van Soest (2002). This species, nevertheless, does not conform to the diagnosis of Ciocalypta, due to its absolute absence of fistules. We suggest the South African (SE Atlantic) species to be provisionally placed in Hymeniacidon, until a more comprehensive revision of other records of Leucophloeus is undertaken.	en	Carvalho, Mariana De S., Carraro, João L., Lerner, Cléa, Hajdu, Eduardo (2003): First record of Ciocalypta (Demospongiae: Halichondrida) from Brazil, southwestern Atlantic, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 302: 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156619
03855567400AFFA0D8277406698E75D8.taxon	description	Ciocalypta pseudoporrecta differs from our new species due its possession of three categories of oxeas (260 – 480, 475 – 900, 100 – 1800 µm long). Additionally, its shape is very distinct from that of the new species. Ciocalypta pseudoporrecta has a subspherical base from which a single, hard fistule arises The new species is thus considered well distinguished from other Atlantic congeners, with the exception of C. penicillus from which it differs only marginally. Given the unlikelyness of conspecificity over such a large geographic distance, further supported from the realization that other species with alleged similar distributions, such as Chondrilla nucula Schmidt, 1862 (DE LAUBENFELS, 1956; MURICY et al., 1991), Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847 (SOLÉ­CAVA et al., 1981), and Cliona celata Grant, 1826 (MOTHES­DE­ MORAES, 1985; MURICY et al., 1991) are highly dubious identifications for the Western Atlantic (KLAUTAU et al., 1999; LAZOSKI et al., 2001), we feel confident in recognizing C. alba´s status as a new species. Hooper et al. (1997) revised the Indo­pacific records of Ciocalypta, listing ten valid species, two of which were described as new species. The present paper is a complementary review of the Atlantic fauna.	en	Carvalho, Mariana De S., Carraro, João L., Lerner, Cléa, Hajdu, Eduardo (2003): First record of Ciocalypta (Demospongiae: Halichondrida) from Brazil, southwestern Atlantic, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 302: 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156619
