taxonID	type	description	language	source
038287B3A202FFCEAAE722BCFAEBFC68.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Amblyosyllis rhombeata Grube, 1857 by monotypy.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A202FFCEAAE722BCFAEBFC68.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body less than 5 mm in length, dorsoventrally flattened, extremely fragile, with few segments; peristomium and last segment without parapodia and chaetae, each with 2 pairs of cirri. Intersegmental constrictions strongly marked, midbody segments typically trapezoidal in shape. Prostomium with 3 antennae, 4 eyes, and usually 2 anterior eyespots, sometimes ventrally located. Palps short, less than length of prostomium, basally fused, divergent, usually ventrally folded, and difficult to see dorsally. Peristomium shorter than following segments, with 2 pairs of tentacular cirri, and 2 nuchal organs, forming nuchal lappets, usually ciliated. Antennae, tentacular and dorsal cirri long, greater than body width, usually strongly coiled, sometimes forming skeins, smooth to indistinctly articulated, fragile. Pigmentary glands on dorsal and ventral cirri, sometimes forming distinct vesicles. Pharynx long, slender, highly convoluted, with trepan formed by several teeth, lacking median tooth. Proventricle proportionally small to body width. Ventral cirri large, located lateroposteriorly to parapodial lobes, similar in length. Compound chaetae, heterogomph, bidentate falcigers, numerous, present on all chaetigers, other types of chaetae rarely present; chaetae similar in all species. Pygidium with 2 long anal cirri, third length of dorsal cirri.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A202FFCEAAE722BCFAEBFC68.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Species belonging to this genus appear to be uncommon and are typically known from damaged incomplete specimens. Distinguishing species is therefore difficult. The structure of the nuchal organs and trepan are useful characters. The method of reproduction not well known, although a mature male has been observed with natatory chaetae and one species is known to brood eggs in a gelatinous mass, suggesting that the species of this genus are epigamic (Pernet, 1998).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A205FFCDAB2727AAFC42F87B.taxon	description	Figs 1 A – C, 2 A – E	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A205FFCDAB2727AAFC42F87B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE (AM W 28943) AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES: NW corner of Bowen Is., Jervis Bay, 35 ° 06.81 ' S 150 ° 46.11 ' E, dense bryozoan community under rock ledge, 13 m, coll. P. Serov & G. D. F. Wilson, 8 Dec 1993. Additional material examined. Elizabeth Reef, Tasman Sea, 29 ° 55.8 ' S 159 ° 01.3 ' E, algae, reef flat, near wreck “ Yoshin Maru Iwaki ”, 0.5 m, Elizabeth & Middleton Reefs Expedition, 1987, 14 Dec 1987, 6 + 3 on SEM stub (AM W 28923).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A205FFCDAB2727AAFC42F87B.taxon	description	Description. All specimens incomplete; holotype (Fig. 1 A) mature, epigamic specimen, with regenerating posterior end, 3.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, with 10 chaetigers plus regenerating segments. Body large, segments trapezoidal (Fig. 2 A), especially those of midbody, fragile; some specimens colourless, others strongly pigmented with 2 – 4 dorsal transverse dark bands on each segment, more marked on midbody. Prostomium oval, posteriorly notched, with 4 large red eyes in trapezoidal arrangement, covering lateral margins (Fig. 1 A). Antennae long, inserted on anterior margin of prostomium, with distinct ceratophores (Fig. 2 B). Palps free, fused basally, ventrally directed. Peristomium shorter than subsequent segments, with 2 pairs of tentacular cirri, dorsal ones twice as long as ventral; 2 ciliated, elongated nuchal lappets (Figs 1 A, 2 A – C), extending to middle of chaetiger 1, with dorsal, longitudinal row of pigment (Fig. 1 A). Dorsal cirri long, as wide as body, indistinctly articulated, with numerous dark, granular inclusions, irregularly arranged in 3 longitudinal rows (Fig. 1 A). Parapodial lobes long, conical, with long, digitiform prechaetal papilla (Fig. 2 D). Ventral cirri conical, large, broad, arising ventrolaterally (Fig. 2 D), upwardly directed, with granular, dark inclusions (Fig. 1 A). Parapodia with 16 – 18 compound, heterogomph chaetae (Fig. 2 E), blades distinctly bidentate; within fascicle blades exhibiting dorsoventral gradation in length (Fig. 1 C), about 100 µm in length dorsally, 43 µm in length ventrally, with short spines on margin; about 6 – 8 aciculae per parapodium, straight, distally pointed. Pharynx slender, with several coils (Fig. 1 A); trepan composed of 6 teeth each with 5 denticles (Fig. 1 B). Proventricle extending through 1.5 segments, with 11 – 13 muscle cell rows. Holotype with notoacicula and capillary notochaetae, curved, digitiform, fleshy, dark structure arising from cirrophores from chaetiger 6 onwards (Fig. 1 A, arrows); also, some ciliary bands present on lateral areas of first 4 chaetigers (Fig. 1 A). Curved structure present on holotype missing on other material examined; function unknown.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A205FFCDAB2727AAFC42F87B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is characterized by having elongated nuchal lappets and a trepan with 6 teeth, each with 5 denticles; no species of the genus has been described with such a combination of characters. The general body form is almost identical to Amblyosyllis granosa Ehlers, 1897, from Magellan Strait and Galápagos Islands. Ehlers (1897) originally described this species with the anterior margin of the pharynx lacking teeth; subsequently, Westheide (1974) reported the same species from Galápagos, describing a trepan with 6 teeth, each formed by a long, median cusp and 2 lateral, much smaller ones. Examination of 1 specimen of the type series of Amblyosyllis granosa from Punta Arenas (Chile) (NFMN 5318) did not reveal any teeth on anterior margin of pharynx, as originally described, so, we are describing the Australian material as a new species A. enigmatica. A previous record of A. granosa from Australia by Augener (1913) is also referred with caution to A. enigmatica n. sp. Augener’s material is not available for examination in the HZM and is presumed lost. Amblyosyllis granosa, however, could be present in Australian waters. Amblyosyllis formosa (Claparède, 1863) from European coasts is also similar to A. enigmatica n. sp., with regards to body form and the presence of long nuchal lappets; this species, however, has a trepan with 6 unidentate teeth (San Martín, 2003). Little is known about reproduction within Amblyosyllis. The digitiform structures arising from cirrophores of chaetiger 6 onwards have never been described before, and their significance is unknown, but they may be used in reproduction, since they are only present on the single epigamic specimen examined. Knowing whether such structures occur in other species of the genus would be of interest.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A205FFCDAB2727AAFC42F87B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE (AM W 502) AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES: Port Jackson, 33 ° 51 ' S 151 ° 16 ' E, Feb 1920, coll. W. A. Haswell, mounted on microscope slide. PARATYPES NW corner of Bowen Is., Jervis Bay, 35 ° 06.81 ' S 150 ° 46.11 ' E, dense bryozoan community under rock ledge, 13 m, coll. P. Serov & G. D. F. Wilson, 8 Dec 1993, 3 on SEM stub (AM W 26323); Halfway Reef, 200 m S of Sullivan Reef, Ulladulla, 35 ° 21.42 ' S 150 ° 29.31 ' E, red algae on rock ledges at base of wall, 13 m, coll. A. Murray, 3 May 1997, 2 (AM W 28229); Port Jackson, 33 ° 50 ' S 151 ° 16 ' E, 1 (AM W 25245), mounted on slide, id. W. A. Haswell as A. spectabilis.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A205FFCDAB2727AAFC42F87B.taxon	description	Description. Body compact (Fig. 4 A), longest complete specimen examined 5.7 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, with 13 chaetigers and 1 posterior segment without parapodia or chaetae. Colour pattern variable; holotype collected in 1920 colourless. More recently collected paratypes with several dark, violet transverse dorsal bands of pigment on each segment; intensity of bands differs between individuals. Antennae, tentacular, dorsal and ventral cirri provided with numerous, dark, small globular glands (Fig. 3 A). Prostomium wider than long, margins rounded, with 2 pairs of eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement (Fig. 3 A), and 2 anterior, ventrally located, small eyespots. Antennae long, 3 times width of prostomium, distinctly articulated, with numerous articles, arising on anterior margin of prostomium from distinct ceratophores (Figs 3 A, 4 B). Palps ventrally directed (Fig. 4 C), forming double lip over mouth, nearly invisible dorsally (Fig. 3 A). Peristomium about half of length of subsequent segments, with 2 pairs of tentacular and dorsoventral gradation in length of blades (Fig. 3 D), length in midbody segments about 102 µm, 50 µm in length ventrally on midbody. Parapodia with 5 – 6 aciculae, straight, distally pointed. Pharynx long extending to chaetiger 5, narrow width, with several coils visible inside pharynx (Fig. 3 A); trepan formed by 6 large teeth with 5 denticles separated by 1 unidentate, much smaller tooth (Fig. 3 B). Proventricle small, located on chaetiger 5 (Fig. 3 A), with 17 – 18 muscle cell rows. Pygidium small, trapezoidal, with 2 long anal cirri, half length of dorsal cirri.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A205FFCDAB2727AAFC42F87B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Haswell (1920) referred his Australian specimens to the European species Amblyosyllis spectabilis (Johnston, 1865), a poorly known species usually considered as a synonym of A. formosa, which may represent a suite of sibling species. Johnston’s description of Gattiola spectabilis states that the pharynx is short and barrel shaped without teeth and long nuchal lappets are illustrated. In contrast, Haswell (1920) reported that teeth were present in the pharynx. Re-examination of this material has shown that it belongs to a new species, Amblyosyllis multidenticulata. This new species is characterized by having small nuchal lappets and a trepan comprising 6 teeth each with 5 denticles, which are each separated by 1 small tooth (Fig. 3 B); no other described species of this genus has been described with this arrangement of teeth on the trepan. The most similar species is Amblyosyllis madeirensis Langerhans, 1879, which occurs along European coasts; both species have small nuchal lappets, similar colour pattern, and body shape. The European species, however, has only 6 pentacuspid teeth on the trepan, and the segment that bears the proventricle is distinctly larger than other segments (San Martín, 2003). We are thus describing the Australian material as a new species. Haswell (1920) also reported some specimens 10 mm long, with 14 – 30 segments, these were not available for examination and because of their size we suggest that they probably represent another species. Habitat. Occurring among bryozoans and others colonial animals, in shallow depths.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A205FFCDAB2727AAFC42F87B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (New South Wales).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A205FFCDAB2727AAFC42F87B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name refers to the highly denticulated trepan.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A209FFC3AAA3221EFDE1F92D.taxon	description	Fig. 5 A – C	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A209FFC3AAA3221EFDE1F92D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES: Lake Macquarie, 33 ° 03 ' S 151 ° 38 ' E algae & epibionts, intertidal, coll. G. Hartmann-Schröder, holotype (HZM P- 19661).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A209FFC3AAA3221EFDE1F92D.taxon	description	Description. Specimen complete, but broken in two pieces, in good condition. Body small, 2 mm long, 0.2 mm wide, with 13 chaetigers. Prostomium rounded; 4 eyes in trapezoidal arrangement. Antennae inserted on anterior margin of prostomium, median one with about 11 articles, lateral ones with about 7 articles (Fig. 5 A). Palps ventrally folded, not visible dorsally. Nuchal lappets rounded, extending to anterior margin of chaetiger 1 (Fig. 5 A). Peristomium visible dorsally; tentacular cirri similar to antennae; dorsal tentacular cirri with about 12 articles, ventral ones with 2 – 3 articles. Dorsal cirri about twice width of body, distinctly articulated, with about 12 – 14 articles; large, hyaline inclusions common throughout cirri and antennae (Fig. 5 A). Ventral cirri, rounded, similar length to parapodial lobes, sometimes with large inclusions. Parapodial lobes length similar to body width, blunt, distally bilobed (Fig. 5 B). Parapodia with compound chaetae, about 13 – 15 anteriorly, 9 posteriorly, heterogomph, with short, bidentate blades, with small dorsoventral gradation in length, with fine spines on margin (Fig. 5 C). Pharynx, strongly coiled, extending to chaetiger 5 (Fig. 5 A); trepan small, formed by 6 unidentate teeth (according to original description by Hartmann-Schröder, 1989), not verified. Proventricle on chaetiger 5, about length of segment, with about 14 muscle cell rows. Pygidium compact, with 2 coiled anal cirri. Habitat. Occurring on algae, intertidally.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A209FFC3AAA3221EFDE1F92D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (New South Wales).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A208FFC1AACA22E5FEFAFDEE.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Anoplosyllis edentula Claparède, 1868, by monotypy.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A208FFC1AACA22E5FEFAFDEE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body small, (<5 mm in length), with up to 30 chaetigers. Prostomium rectangular, similar width to anterior segments, with 2 pairs of eyes and 2 anterior eyespots. Three antennae. Palps small, fused basally, without median furrow. Nuchal organs as 2 ciliated grooves between prostomium and peristomium. Two pairs of tentacular cirri. Antennae, tentacular and dorsal cirri smooth, club-shaped, tapered basally, longer than parapodial lobes. Compound chaetae heterogomph, blades slender, elongate, unidentate or indistinctly bidentate. Dorsal and ventral simple chaetae present on some parapodia. Pharynx shorter than proventricle, unarmed. Proventricle large, almost as wide as body. Some species brood eggs in gelatinous masses.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A208FFC1AACA22E5FEFAFDEE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Fauvel (1923) synonymized Anoplosyllis with Syllides. Species of Syllides, however, have long, articulated cirri from chaetiger 3, and bidentate compound chaetae. Although these genera are closely related, San Martín (2003) proposed the resurrection of Anoplosyllis, and transferred species of Syllides with smooth dorsal cirri into the genus. Description. Body up to 2 mm long with 20 chaetigers; complete specimen 1.4 mm long, 0.2 mm wide, 20 chaetigers. Prostomium oval, more than twice as wide as long; 4 eyes arranged in open trapezoidal pattern and 2 distinct anterior eyespots, similar in size to eyes (Fig. 6 A). Antennae short, similar to width of prostomium, clubshaped; median antenna inserted between posterior eyes, lateral antennae near anterior margin of prostomium (Fig. 6 A). Palps small, shorter than prostomium. Tentacular cirri similar to antennae, dorsal ones longer than ventral ones. Dorsal cirri similar to antennae and tentacular cirri (Fig. 6 A), smooth, club-shaped, slightly longer than parapodial lobes, some with distinct dark inclusion (Fig. 6 B), which opens via terminal pore. Parapodial lobes elongate; ventral cirri digitiform, shorter than parapodial lobes (Fig. 6 B). Compound chaetae heterogomph, smooth, slender, blades elongate, thin, unidentate, smooth (Fig. 6 C), numbering 12 – 18 per parapodium, with dorsoventral gradation in length of blades, 48 µm in length dorsally, 29 µm in length ventrally. Dorsal simple chaetae from chaetiger 1, slender, unidentate, with minute spines on margin (Fig. 6 D). Ventral simple chaetae on posterior chaetigers, similar to dorsal simple chaetae, but thinner and smooth (Fig. 6 F). Aciculae solitary, slender, distally rounded (Fig. 6 E). Pharynx partially everted, short, probably through 1 – 2 chaetigers. Proventricle, massive, through 4 segments (Fig. 6 A); number of muscle cell rows not possible to assess. Pygidium small, triangular, with 2 filiform anal cirri and compact median papilla. Remarks. The Australian material is represented by a few juvenile individuals and while they closely resembles the type material of Anoplosyllis sexoculata from southern Chile, they possess a shorter proventricle. At this stage we are referring them to this species, but mature individuals are really needed to confirm this. Habitat. Occurring interstitially in fine to coarse sand, on algae, on colonies of sabellariids; intertidally to about 20 m.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A208FFC1AACA22E5FEFAFDEE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southern Chile, Namibia, Australia (Victoria, New South Wales).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A20AFFC1AA9D2032FC58F83A.taxon	description	Figs 7 A – I, 8 A – F	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A20AFFC1AA9D2032FC58F83A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES: Off Bass Point, 34 ° 36 ' S 150 ° 54 ' E, 50 m, 1 Feb 1990, 1 (AM W 22995). VICTORIA: Port Phillip Bay, 38 ° 16.3 ' S 144 ° 41.5 ' E, medium sand, 13 m, Feb 1971, 1 paratype, (AM W 18587). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Ned’s Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21 ° 59 ' S 113 ° 55 ' E, limestone reef near shore, fine sediment & sand from patches in reef, 1 m, coll. H. E. Stoddart, 2 Jan 1984, 1 (AM W 26780).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A20AFFC1AA9D2032FC58F83A.taxon	description	Description. Body up to 3.1 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, with 42 chaetigers. Prostomium rectangular, 2 pairs of eyes in trapezoidal arrangement; antennae slightly club-shaped, unarticulated, usually missing; median antenna arising from posterior margin of prostomium, between posterior eyes, lateral antennae originating between anterior eyes. Palps large, similar in length to prostomium, basally totally fused (Figs 7 A, 8 A), directed anteriorly, provided with distal constriction. Tufts of cilia on lateral areas of prostomium and peristomium (Fig. 7 A). Tentacular cirri and dorsal cirri of subsequent 2 segments similar to antennae; dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3 articulated (Figs 7 A, 8 A), slender, slightly longer than body width, with about 6 – 10 elongated articles, some with 1 – 2 granular, dark inclusions (Fig. 7 A, C). Parapodia of anterior segments relatively broad in contrast, to posterior ones, distally truncated, with some distal incisions (Fig. 7 B); becoming elongated and conical from proventricular segments onwards, with dorsal band of long cilia (Fig. 7 C). Ventral cirri of anterior parapodia broad, shorter than parapodial length, becoming greatly elongated posteriorly, longer than parapodial length, arising from about middle of ventral side of parapodial lobes (Fig. 7 C). Anterior 1 – 6 chaetigers each with 8 – 10, sometimes 12, compound chaetae with enlarged shafts, hemigomph articulation, with short, stout, broad blades, apparently unidentate or bifid, with distal incision (Figs 7 E, 8 B), about 8 – 15 µm long. From chaetiger 7 onwards, parapodia with 5 – 8 compound chaetae with shafts much slender than those of anterior chaetae, heterogomph, with fine spines on margin (Figs 7 G, 8 C, D), and blades slender, unidentate, some with distal hood, with minute spines on margin, and dorsoventral gradation in length of blades within fascicle (Fig. 8 C), 27 µm in length dorsally and 15 µm in length ventrally; under SEM, margin with several rows of spines (Fig. 8 E) and distal hood composed of minute spines (Fig. 8 E). Acicula solitary, distally knobbed (Fig. 7 B, H). Dorsal simple chaetae from chaetiger 1, thick, tip tapered, blunt, covered with longitudinally striated, rounded hood (Fig. 7 D, F); under SEM, dorsal simple chaetae with “ Banksia - like ” or “ artichoke-like ” appearance. Ventral simple chaetae usually absent, but one specimen with single thin, smooth, filiform, ventral simple chaeta (Fig. 7 I) on each fascicle of last parapodium. Pharynx through about 7 – 8 segments, with crown of 10 soft papillae (Fig. 7 A). Proventricle through about 7 – 8 segments, with 30 – 32 muscle cell rows. No specimens with anal cirri present, probably present on undamaged specimens. Habitat. Occurring in median to coarse sand; from intertidal to 50 m.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A20AFFC1AA9D2032FC58F83A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (Victoria, New South Wales, Western Australia).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A20AFFC1AAB72642FA99FC19.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Astreptosyllis acrassiseta Kudenov & Dorsey, 1982, by original designation.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A20AFFC1AAB72642FA99FC19.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body of meiofaunal size. Prostomium with 2 pairs of eyes and 3 antennae. Palps fused basally, small but visible dorsally without median furrow. Nuchal organs as 2 ciliated grooves between prostomium and peristomium. Two pairs of tentacular cirri. Antennae, tentacular cirri and dorsal cirri of 2 anterior chaetigers unarticulated, club-shaped, slender basally and distally slightly inflated, longer than body width; from chaetiger 3 onwards, dorsal cirri articulated, articles elongated to pyriform, with dark, glandular inclusions. Parapodial lobes subrectangular on anterior parapodia, conical and elongated from midbody; ventral cirri short and broad on anterior parapodia, posteriorly becoming more elongated, digitiform. Compound chaetae heterogomph or hemigomph falcigers. Dorsal simple chaetae thick, provided with distal, longitudinally striated hood. Ventral simple chaetae sometimes present on far posterior parapodia, but usually lacking. Pharynx unarmed, with distal crown of soft papillae. Pygidium with 2 anal cirri.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A20AFFC1AAB72642FA99FC19.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The genus is only known from Australia. Details on reproduction unknown, probably it reproduces as other similar genera by epigamy.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A20DFFC7AAAC22D5FA3CF834.taxon	description	Fig. 9 A – H	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A20DFFC7AAAC22D5FA3CF834.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: SOUTH AUSTRALIA: Port Augusta, 32 ° 30 ' S 137 ° 13 ' E, intertidal sediments, 6 Dec 1975, holotype (HZM P- 18624) and 3 paratypes (HZM P- 18625), coll. G. Hartmann-Schröder.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A20DFFC7AAAC22D5FA3CF834.taxon	description	Description. Body, delicate, fragile, entire, without colour markings, 1.8 – 2.0 mm long, 0.1 mm wide, with 23 – 28 chaetigers. Prostomium semi-circular, with 4 eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement; antennae fusiform to club-shaped, smooth; median antenna longer than combined length of prostomium and palps, inserted on middle of pharynx, between anterior eyes; lateral antennae similar in shape to median antenna, but shorter, inserted near anterior margin of prostomium (Fig. 9 A). Palps small, shorter than prostomium, fused basally (Fig. 9 A). Peristomium similar in size to subsequent segments; tentacular cirri smooth, slightly club-shaped (Fig. 9 A); dorsal tentacular cirri similar in length to lateral antenna, ventral ones shorter than dorsal ones. Dorsal cirri of anterior 2 chaetigers similar in shape to antennae and tentacular cirri, and slightly longer; dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3 onwards articulated, with some dark granular inclusions on some articles (Fig. 9 A, B), 5 – 7 articles on midbody chaetigers. Parapodia slender, elongated; ventral cirri digitiform, longer on posterior parapodia (Fig. 9 B) becoming of similar length to parapodial lobes. Compound chaetae heterogomph falcigers, with conspicuous spines subdistally on shafts, and unidentate blades with short, apparently smooth spines on margin. Anterior parapodia (1 – 5 chaetigers) each with several compound chaetae, with slight dorsoventral gradation in length of blades within fascicle, 40 µm in length dorsally, 20 µm in length ventrally (Fig. 9 D); on midbody blades of compound chaetae longer, more marked gradation (65 µm dorsally and 23 µm ventrally) (Fig. 9 F); posterior parapodia with less marked dorsoventral gradation in length of blades within fascicle (40 µm dorsally and 23 µm ventrally) (Fig. 9 G). Dorsal simple chaetae thick, distally unidentate, with distinct distal hood longitudinally striated, similar throughout (Fig. 9 C, E, H), present from anterior parapodia. Ventral simple chaetae absent. Pharynx through about 5 segments; proventricle through 4.5 segments (Fig. 9 A), with 38 – 40 muscle cell rows. Pygidium rounded, with single digitiform	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A20FFFC5AB37225EFA3CFEE5.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Eusyllis blomstrandi Malmgren, 1867	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A20FFFC5AB37225EFA3CFEE5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body of medium to small size (10 to <5 mm in length), cylindrical. Prostomium with 4 eyes and sometimes 2 anterior eyespots. Three antennae. Palps either entirely free or fused just basally. Nuchal organs as 2 ciliated grooves, ciliation extending sometimes to prostomium and peristomium, as well as other segments. Two pairs of tentacular cirri. Antennae, tentacular and dorsal cirri nonarticulated, sometimes rugose, with pseudoarticulate appearance. Compound chaetae; dorsal and ventral simple chaetae on some parapodia. Pharynx with mid-dorsal tooth, usually large and conspicuous, and incomplete crown of small denticles, anteriorly pointing. Pygidium with 2 anal cirri. Reproduction by epigamy (Garwood, 1991).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A20FFFC5AB37225EFA3CFEE5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Eusyllis is characterized by having an incomplete trepan on the pharynx, with all teeth anteriorly directed, and a mid-dorsal, usually large, tooth. Species of this genus are typically large, even so the denticles of the trepan are small and sometimes difficult to observe, which can lead to misidentifications. Eusyllis brevicirrata Knox & Cameron, 1971 from New Zealand, reported in Australia by Hartmann- Schröder (1985), reproduces by schizogamy (San Martín, pers. observ., on Australian material) so we suggest that this species represents a member of the subfamily Syllinae probably an undescribed genus (San Martín et al., in prep.). Australian material agrees with the original description based on New Zealand material. Eudontosyllis has been recently proposed as a synonymy of Eusyllis by Glasby et al., (in press).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A211FFD9AB19226BFE0BF93D.taxon	description	Figs 10 A – J, 11 A – F, 12 A – C	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A211FFD9AB19226BFE0BF93D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES: SW side of South Solitary Is. 30 ° 12 ' S 153 ° 16 ' E, coral rubble, 18 m, coll. R. T. Springthorpe, 24 Jun 1992, 1 (AM W 28942); Taupo Seamount, Tasman Sea, 33 ° 14.21 ' S 156 ° 10.68 ' E, rough marl bottom, 133 m, coll. J. K. Lowry & party on RV “ Franklin ”, 2 May 1989, 2 on SEM stub (AM W 28878); Taupo Seamount, Tasman Sea, 33 ° 16.85 ' S 156 ° 09.15 ' E, limestone & sand, 244 m, coll. J. K. Lowry & party on RV “ Franklin ”, 2 May 1989, 4 on SEM stub (AM W 28879); Taupo Seamount, Tasman Sea, 33 ° 16.85 ' S 156 ° 09.15 ' E, limestone & sand bottom, 244 m, coll. J. K. Lowry & party on RV Franklin, 2 May 1989, 17 (AM W 28925). SOUTH AUSTRALIA: Lowly Point, 33 ° 00 ' S 137 ° 47 ' E, subtidal, 1 (AM W 26357); 4 km NW of 5 th Creek, Port Pirie, Spencer Gulf, 33 ° 12 ' S 137 ° 55 ' E, subtidal, Posidonia sp. and Amphibolus spp, 4.6 m, T. J. Ward & party, Mar 1980, 1 (AM W 28234). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Red Bluff, Kalbarri, 27 ° 42 ' S 114 ° 09 ' E, mixed coralline algae on rocky shore, 3.5 m, coll. J. K. Lowry, 10 Jan 1984, several (AM W 28941); Bundegi Reef near Point Murat, Exmouth Gulf, 21 ° 49 ' S 113 ° 11 ' E, orange finger sponge, 9 m, coll. J. K. Lowry, 4 Jan 1984, WA- 398, 1 (AM W 26738). Additional material examined. Spain: Off Cabo Cros, Soller, Mallorca, Balearic Is., 39 ° 38.50 ' N 02 ° 25.13 ' E, dredged 59 – 61 m, 6 (MNCNM 8637); Off Ribadeo, Lugo, Galicia, 43 ° 40.59 ' – 43 ° 40.25 ' N 7 ° 02.77 ' – 7 ° 04.35 ' E, dredged 114 – 116 m, 8 (MNCNM 8643).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A211FFD9AB19226BFE0BF93D.taxon	description	Description. Material examined small to medium size (10 to <5 mm length), described specimen 5 mm long, 0.54 mm wide, with 41 chaetigers (all incomplete specimens), fragile. Elsewhere; specimens exceeding 40 mm in length reported. Prostomium oval, deeply incised posteriorly, forming 2 distinct lobes, densely ciliated on margin (Figs 10 A, 11 A, C); 4 eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement; antennae long, slender, much longer than combined length of prostomium and palps, irregularly pseudoarticulated; lateral antennae inserted near anterior margin of prostomium, median antenna arising slightly posteriorly to lateral ones (Figs 10 A, 11 A, C). Palps broad, similar in length to prostomium or slightly longer. Peristomium shorter than subsequent segments; dorsal tentacular cirri long, similar in shape but longer than median antenna, ventral tentacular cirri about quarter length of dorsal ones. Occipital flap Fig. midbody; (C) remaining compound chaetae, midbody; (D) dorsal simple chaeta; (E) acicula; (F) anterior end of pharynx; (G) parapodium, midbody. A, F: AM W 28404; B – G: AM W 28408. Scales: A 0.2 mm, B – E 20 µm, F 0.1 mm, G 0.18 mm. present (Fig. 11 A, C). Dorsal cirri of chaetiger 1 elongated, longer than dorsal tentacular cirri, also indistinctly articulated; following dorsal cirri irregularly alternating long cirri, slightly longer than half of body width, and others distinctly shorter, all smooth, elongated, tapered (Figs 10 A, 11 B). Parapodia with prechaetal lobes. Parapodia dorsally with cilia; other groups of cilia dorsally along body close to dorsal cirri (Figs 10 B, 11 B). Ventral cirri triangular, shorter than parapodial lobes (Fig. 11 B). Compound chaetae heterogomph falcigers, with shafts distally covered in numerous, thin spines. Two different types of compound chaetae present, one with slender, bidentate blades, both teeth similar, and short spines on margin (Figs 10 E, I, 12 A), located dorsally, others with shorter and larger blades, strongly bidentate, both teeth similar on anterior parapodia (Figs 10 F, 12 B), on posterior parapodia proximal tooth becoming longer and stouter, located more ventrally within bundles (Figs 10 J, 12 C). Anterior parapodia with 3 compound chaetae of slender type, blades about 20 – 22 µm in length, and 19 – 20 compound chaetae of broad type, blades about 15 µm in length. Posteriorly along body, number of compound chaetae decreases, posterior parapodia with 1 – 2 compound chaetae of slender type, blades 15 – 22 µm in length, and 6 of broad type, with prominent proximal tooth, and minute spines or smooth on margin, about 16 µm in length. Dorsal simple chaetae slender, capillaries, unidentate, with minute subdistal spines on margin (Fig. 10 H), present only on posterior parapodia. Ventral simple chaetae not seen. Anterior parapodia with 2 slender aciculae, with slightly bent tip (Fig. 10 D); posteriorly single aciculum present, thicker than anterior ones, distally bent and extending beyond parapodial lobes (Fig. 10 G). Pharynx through about 7 – 8 segments; opening surrounded by a crown of 17 – 20 soft papillae and dense layer of cilia (Fig. 11 D – F); plus crown of 10 smaller papillae basally (Fig. 11 D); pharyngeal tooth large, located on anterior margin Habitat. Occurring in all kind of substrates, from intertidal to more than 500 m depth.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A211FFD9AB19226BFE0BF93D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. North Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, North Pacific, New Zealand, Australia (Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A212FFDFAAF022F5FE45F942.taxon	description	Figs 12 D – F, 13 A – G, 14 A – E	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A212FFDFAAF022F5FE45F942.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: SW Reef, Heron Is. 23 ° 27 ' S 151 ° 55 ' E, reef margin, algae, coral sand & coral debris, 3 Feb 1976, 2 paratypes of Eusyllis autolytoides Hartmann-Schröder, 1991, (AM W 20387). NEW SOUTH WALES: Off old wharf, Richmond R., near Ballina, 28 ° 52.5 ' S 153 ° 33.6 ' E, drift algae, 6 m, coll. S. J. Keable, 5 Mar 1992, 4 (AM W 28218); S ledge, Cook Is. 28 ° 11.65 ' S 153 ° 34.63 ' E, surface of massive sponges, 14 m, coll. R. T. Springthorpe, 9 Jun 1993, 1 (AM W 28402); S ledge, Cook Is. 28 ° 11.65 ' S 153 ° 34.63 ' E, Halimeda sp., 13 m, coll. E. L. A. Ho, 9 Jun 1993, 1 (AM W 28404); SW side of South Solitary Is. 30 ° 12 ' S 153 ° 16 ' E, coral rubble, 18 m, coll. R. T. Springthorpe, 24 Jun 1992, few (AM W 28215); 1 km S of E end of Spectacle Is. Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 32 ' S 151 ° 07.5 ' E, muddy sand, 12 m, coll. A. R. Jones & A. Murray, 8 May 1984, 1 (AM W 22149); Green Pt. Croppy Pt. Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 33.5 ' S 151 ° 14.5 ' E, mud, 6 m, coll. A. Jones & party, 22 Feb 1980, 1 (AM W 196604); E end of Brooklyn Boat Channel, Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 33 ' S 151 ° 14 ' E, coll. A. Jones & party, 18 Dec 1979, 1 (AM W 196606); E end of Brooklyn Boat Channel, Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 33 ' S 151 ° 14 ' E, coll. A. Jones & party, 16 May 1980, 1 (AM W 196607); E end of Brooklyn Boat Channel, Hawkesbury R., prostomium anterior parapodia; (E) aciculae, anterior parapodia; (F) compound chaetae, midbody; (G) compound chaetae, posterior parapodia; (H) acicula, posterior parapodia; (I) dorsal simple chaeta; (J) ventral simple chaeta. AM W 28416. Scales: A 0.4 mm, B 0.18 mm, C 0.1 mm, D – J 20 µm. 33 ° 33 ' S 151 ° 14 ' E, A. Jones & party, 16 May 1980, 1 (AM W 196609); E end of Brooklyn Boat Channel, Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 33 ' S 151 ° 14 ' E, coll. A. Jones et al., 1 Aug 1979, 2 (AM W 196611); E end of Brooklyn Boat Channel, Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 33 ' S 151 ° 14 ' E, coll. A. Jones et al., 18 Dec 1979, 1 (AM W 196612); E end of Brooklyn Boat Channel, Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 33 ' S 151 ° 14 ' E, coll. A. Jones & party, 18 Dec 1979, 1 (AM W 196613); Barrenjoey Head, Broken Bay, 33 ° 35 ' S 151 ° 20 ' E, algae on rocky substrate, 4 m, coll. J. K. Lowry & party 22 Apr 1983, 1 (AM W 28408). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: N end of beach, Bundegi Reef, Exmouth Gulf, 21 ° 49 ' S 114 ° 11 ' E, rocky rubble, sticky sediment & brown algae with epiphytes, 2 m, coll. H. E. Stoddart, 4 Jan 1984, many + 2 on SEM stub (AM W 28952); N end of beach, Bundegi Reef, Exmouth Gulf, 21 ° 49 ' S 114 ° 11 ' E, rocky rubble, coralline algae with green epiphyte, 1.5 m, coll. H. E. Stoddart, 4 Jan 1984, several (AM W 28953).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A212FFDFAAF022F5FE45F942.taxon	description	Description. Body up to 4.5 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, with 40 chaetigers, slightly dorsoventrally flattened, dorsally convex along median line of body, with well marked segments. Distinct colour pattern, with 1 transverse band of red pigment, sometimes 2 bands, and additional narrow bands often laterally located on posterior half of segments (Fig. 13 A). Material examined exhibiting great variation in intensity of pigmentation, from highly pigmented to colourless individuals. Prostomium twice as large as 2 nd segment, pentagonal to quadrangular, with nuchal notch, ciliated on both sides (Fig. 13 A), double semicircle of cilia on anterior part of prostomium (Fig. 12 D, E); 4 eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement, occasionally 2 anterior eyespots. Antennae, tentacular and dorsal cirri fusiform, smooth. Lateral antennae arising in front of anterior eyes, length similar to combined length of prostomium and palps, median antenna typically much longer than lateral antennae, arising slightly posteriorly to lateral antennae (Figs 12 D, E, 13 A). Palps broad (Fig. 12 F), shorter than prostomium. Peristomium shorter than following segments, sometimes covered partially by prostomium and fold of chaetiger 1, provided with some cilia (Figs 12 D, E, 13 A); dorsal tentacular cirri shorter than median antenna but longer than lateral antennae; ventral tentacular cirri similar to lateral antennae. Dorsal transverse row of cilia on each segment (Figs 12 D, 14 A); plus some cilia on dorsal surface of parapodial lobes (Fig. 14 A). Dorsal cirri of chaetiger 1 long, similar in length to median antenna, longer than body width; remaining dorsal cirri irregularly alternating between cirri similar in length to half of body width, and cirri much shorter (Figs 12 D, 13 A, 14 A). Parapodia short, about third of body width, thick, conical. Ventral cirri broad, shorter than parapodial lobes or similar in length (Figs 13 G, 14 A). Compound chaetae heterogomph falcigers, shafts with several thin subdistal spines; blades proportionally short, unidentate, with rounded tips, and short spines on margin (Fig. 13 B, C). Anterior parapodia with 2 kinds of compound chaetae, one with relatively thin blades, 3 in anterior segments, declining to 1 from midbody onwards (Figs 13 B, 14 C), blades 20 – 25 µm in length, located dorsally, other type with thicker and shorter blades (Figs 13 C, 14 D, E), about 17 µm in length, all similar, 12 – 14 per parapodium. Dorsal simple chaetae bayonet-shaped (Figs 13 D, 14 B), from proventricle segments onwards. Ventral simple chaetae absent. Acicula solitary, distally knobbed, apparently hollow at tip (Fig. 13 E). Pharynx through 4 – 5 segments; opening rim smooth on one half and other half with small denticles (Figs 13 A, F); material examined exhibiting considerably range in numbers of denticles present, from few to 20 – 24. Pharyngeal tooth large, conical to rhomboidal; pharyngeal opening provided with crown of about 14 soft papillae (Fig. 13 F). Proventricle longer than pharynx, through 7 – 8 segments, with about 50 muscle cell rows. Pygidium with 2 slender, anal cirri.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A212FFDFAAF022F5FE45F942.taxon	discussion	Remark. Material from all localities listed in the distribution has been examined by the senior author during other studies, and no morphological differences between them can be found. Molecular studies may be useful to confirm if this is a widely distributed species or a suite of sibling species. Specimens described as Eusyllis autolytoides by Hartmann- Schröder (1991) and Odontosyllis multidentata (Hartmann- Schröder, 1982) agree with the description of Eusyllis kupfferi, so we consider them as synonymous.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A212FFDFAAF022F5FE45F942.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Portugal (Madeira), Canary Is., Cuba, Australia (Queensland, Western Australia, New South Wales). Habitat. Occurring on hydroids, Rhizophora mangle roots, on algae, algae with sand, debris, dead corals, sand and mud, from intertidal to about 20 m.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A214FFDDAA8822E7FD35FD92.taxon	description	Figs 15 A – J, 16 A – F	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A214FFDDAA8822E7FD35FD92.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES: N side of Bannister Head, N of Ulladulla, 35 ° 19.15 ' S 150 ° 29.12 ' E, grey sponge from top of boulder, 18 m, coll. K. Attwood, 6 May 1997, 1 (AM W 28960); SW of Bowen Is., Jervis Bay, 35 ° 07.49 ' S 150 ° 45.77 ' E, small white sponge with pink lobes, from seagrass bed, 7 m, coll. P. Serov & G. D. F. Wilson, 8 Dec 1993, several (AM W 28416); SW of Bowen Is., Jervis Bay, 35 ° 07.49 ' S 150 ° 45.77 ' E, rock on sandy bottom covered in bryozoa & polychaetes, 7 m, coll. P. Serov & G. D. F. Wilson, 8 Dec 1993, few (AM W 28415); Montagu Roadstead, Jervis Bay, 35 ° 02.2 ' S 150 ° 46.0 ' E, unvegetated sediment, 12 m, coll. P. A. Hutchings & party, 6 Jun 1990, 1 (AM W 28231); NW corner of Bowen Is., Jervis Bay, 35 ° 06.81 ' S 150 ° 46.11 ' E, dense bryozoans under rock ledge, 13 m, coll. P. Serov & G. D. F. Wilson, 8 Dec 1993, several (AM W 28959); Darling Road, near anchorages, Jervis Bay, 35 ° 7.3 ' S 150 ° 44.1 ' E, 18 m, coll. P. A. Hutchings, 23 Jan 1973, 2 (AM W 28437); Taupo Seamount, Tasman Sea, 33 ° 16.85 ' S 156 ° 09.15 ' E, limestone & sand bottom, 244 m, coll. J. K. Lowry & party, on RV “ Franklin ”, 2 May 1989, 5 on SEM stub (AM W 28877); Taupo Seamount, Tasman Sea, 33 ° 16.85 ' S 156 ° 09.15 ' E, limestone & sand bottom, 244 m, coll. J. K. Lowry & party on RV “ Franklin ”, 2 May 1989, many (AM W 28927); Reef flat, near wreck “ Yoshin Maru Iwaki ”, Elizabeth Reef, Tasman Sea, 29 ° 55.8 ' S 159 ° 01.3 ' E, algae, 0.5 m, coll. Elizabeth & Middleton Reefs Expedition, 1987, 14 Dec 1987, several (AM W 28928). TASMANIA: Woodchip Jetty, Spring Bay, Triabunna, 42 ° 30 ' S 147 ° 55 ' E, muddy bottom, 4 m, coll. D. Cropp, Nov 1982, 1 (AM W 199178). SOUTH AUSTRALIA: Billy Lights Point, Port Lincoln, 34 ° 45 ' S 135 ° 53 ' E, stone washings from sheltered intertidal rocks, coll. I. Loch, 15 Feb 1985, 1 (AM W 28929). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Goss Passage, Beacon Is. 28 ° 25.5 ' S 113 ° 47 ' E, dead plates of Acropora coral covered in coralline algae, 24 m, P. A. Hutchings, 21 May 1994, 1 (AM W 28374); N end of Long Is. 28 ° 27.9 ' S 113 ° 46.3 ' E, dead coral substrate covered in coralline & brown algae, 5.5 m, coll. C. Bryce, 22 May 1994, several (AM W 28961). Additional material examined Eusyllis dentata AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES: Angourie Point, south of Yamba, 29 ° 29 ' S 153 ° 22 ' E algae, intertidal, holotype (HZM P- 19963), 8 paratypes (HZM P- 19964), 1 (HZM P- 203313). Eusyllis habei JAPAN: Bos Peninsula, Hubara Port, 1, coll. E. Nishi. Eusyllis lamelligera SPAIN: off Punta Jovo, W. W Menorca, Balearic Is. 10 m, algae 43 ° 40.27 ' – 43 ° 40.06 ' N 5 ° 13.36 ' – 5 ° 14.35 ' E, 6 (MNCNM 8675); NW Cabo de Lastres, Asturias, Cantabrian Sea, NE Atlantic, 39 ° 49.66 ' – 39 ° 47.64 ' N 2 ° 40.78 ' – 2 ° 38.71 ' E, 146 m, 8 (MNCNM 8688).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A214FFDDAA8822E7FD35FD92.taxon	description	Description. Complete specimen 6.3 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, with 50 chaetigers. Prostomium semi-circular; 4 eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement and 2 anterior eyespots. Median antenna more than twice combined length of prostomium and palps, inserted on middle of prostomium, lateral antennae shorter than median antenna, inserted in front of anterior eyes, near anterior margin (Fig. 15 A). Palps broad, similar in length to prostomium (Fig. 15 A). Nuchal organs with distinct ciliation, extending to posterior margin of prostomium (Figs 15 A, 16 A). Peristomium similar to subsequent segments; dorsal tentacular cirri long and slender, more than twice as long as body width, ventral tentacular cirri about third length of dorsal cirri. Antennae, tentacular and dorsal cirri smooth, long, slender, distally tapered (Fig. 15 A), sometimes rugose to weakly pseudoarticulate (Fig. 16 B). Dorsal cirri of chaetiger 1 longer than dorsal tentacular cirri, remaining dorsal cirri irregularly alternating long, and short cirri, long cirri much longer than body width, and short ones, slightly shorter than body width (Fig. 15 A). Ventral cirri of chaetiger 1 enlarged, flattened leaf-like; following ones conical (Figs 15 B, 16 B); ventral cirri with minute pores (Fig. 16 D). Lateral tufts of cilia on each segment (Fig. 16 C). Compound chaetae heterogomph, with subdistal spines on shafts and bidentate blades, both teeth similar in size, well separated and rounded margin between both teeth, and fine spines on margin (Figs. 15 D, F, G, 16 E, F). Anterior parapodia with about 20 – 25 compound chaetae, with strong dorsoventral gradation in size of blades within fascicle, about 40 µm in length dorsally, 21 µm in length ventrally. Progressively along body, number of compound chaetae per parapodium decreases, to 13 – 15 on midbody, 10 on posterior parapodia, with thicker shafts and blades, with less marked dorsoventral gradation in length of blades; on midbody, blades about 35 µm in length dorsally, 22 µm in length ventrally, and 30 µm in length dorsally, and 15 µm in length ventrally on posterior parapodia (Fig. 15 D, F, G). Dorsal simple chaetae on posterior parapodia, slender, bidentate, both teeth similar, with short spines on margin (Fig. 15 I). Ventral simple chaetae on far posterior parapodia, similar to dorsal simple chaetae, but larger and teeth well separated (Fig. 15 J). Anterior parapodia with 2 aciculae, one distally knobbed with acute tip, other with tricuspid tip, with lateral ones poorly developed (Fig. 15 E); medium and posterior parapodia each with single acicula, distinctly tricuspid (Fig. 15 H). Pharynx through about 7 segments; pharyngeal tooth, conical, on anterior margin; trepan variable, ranging from few small teeth present to distinct incomplete crown of up to 24 teeth (Figs 15 C, 16 B).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A214FFDDAA8822E7FD35FD92.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is characterized by having enlarged, flattened leaf-like ventral cirri on chaetiger 1, tricuspid aciculae, and compound chaetae with bidentate blades, with both teeth of similar size and well separated by rounded margin. The Australian specimens were described as Eusyllis dentata by Hartmann-Schröder (1990); and these were examined and they are indistinguishable from Mediterranean specimens of Eusyllis lamelligera. This species has been reported from a wide range of habitats and depths and material should be re-examined and a molecular study would be useful to confirm if this is a widely distributed species or a suite of sibling species. Eusyllis habei Imajima, 1966, from Japan, is also similar according to the description and may represent the same species according to Imajima (1966). The material examined from Bos Peninsula, Japan appears to be similar to specimens of E. lamelligera from the Mediterranean and also to material from the Atlantic and Australia. Habitat. Occurring in a wide variety of substrates and depths, intertidally to depths greater than 500 m.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A216FFD2A94B2498FD80FEE5.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Nudisyllis tinihekea Knox & Cameron, 1970.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A216FFD2A94B2498FD80FEE5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body small, fragile, <5 mm in length. Prostomium large, about width of 2 segments, with 4 eyes and sometimes pair of anterior eyespots. Three antennae. Palps separated, free from each other, sometimes adjacent at base. Median antenna inserted on middle of prostomium or anteriorly, on line with lateral antennae. Two pairs of tentacular cirri. Nuchal organs as 2 ciliated grooves between prostomium and peristomium. Dorsal cirri on all chaetigers, long, cylindrical, smooth or slightly rugose. Ventral cirri not modified. Compound chaetae with both unidentate and bidentate blades on same parapodium, or all unidentate; bidentate blades having proximal tooth small, spine-like. emended the diagnosis and the genus now includes some species previously considered belonging to Pionosyllis, among them P. pulligera (Krohn, 1852); P. magnidens Day, 1953; and P. divaricata (Keferstein, 1862).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A219FFD2AACF252CFA09FED1.taxon	description	Fig. 17 A – F	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A219FFD2AACF252CFA09FED1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES: Barrenjoey Head, Broken Bay, 33 ° 35 ' S 151 ° 20 ' E, algae on rocky substrate, 4 m, coll. J. K. Lowry & party 22 Apr 1983, 1 (AM W 28966). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Red Bluff, Kalbarri, 27 ° 42 ' S 114 ° 09 ' E, seagrass in shallow sand on rocky shore, 3.5 m, coll. R. T. Springthorpe, 10 Jan 1984, 2 (AM W 28968); Red Bluff, Kalbarri, 27 ° 42 ' S 114 ° 09 ' E, mixed coralline algae on rocky shore, 3.5 m, coll. J. K. Lowry, 10 Jan 1984, several (AM W 28970); Inshore limestone reef, Ned’s Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21 ° 59 ' S 113 ° 55 ' E, frilly Caulerpa sp., 1 m, coll. J. K. Lowry, 2 Jan 1984, several (AM W 28971); Inside outer Ningaloo Reef, Cape Range National Park, 21 ° 59.5 ' S 113 ° 54.5 ' E, mixed algae, 2 m, coll. J. K. Lowry, 1 Jan 1984, 2 (AM W 28364); Inshore limestone reef, Ned’s Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21 ° 59 ' S 113 ° 55 ' E, sponge covered with epiphytes, sediment & muddy worm tubes, 1.5 m, coll. R. T. Springthorpe, 2 Jan 1984, 2 (AM W 28969); N end of beach, Bundegi Reef, Exmouth Gulf, 21 ° 49 ' S 114 ° 11 ' E, rocky rubble, coralline algae with green epiphyte, 1.5 m, coll. H. E. Stoddart, 4 Jan 1984, 1 (AM W 28967).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A219FFD2AACF252CFA09FED1.taxon	description	Description. Body up to 3.1 mm long with 34 chaetigers, according to literature, longest specimen examined 1.2 mm long, 0.2 mm wide, with 16 chaetigers, extremely fragile, several specimens lack most appendages, others having lost all antennae, tentacular and dorsal cirri. Prostomium squared to pentagonal, densely covered by long cilia on posterior margin and laterals (Fig. 17 A), 4 eyes in trapezoidal arrangement, located laterally on prostomium; median antenna inserted on middle of prostomium, fusiform, distally tapered, slightly longer than combined length of prostomium and palps; lateral antennae inserted on anterior margin, slightly shorter than median antenna (Fig. 17 A). Palps short, broad, oval. Peristomium dorsally reduced, covered by chaetiger 1 (Fig. 17 A); dorsal tentacular cirri long, about twice as long as median antenna; ventral tentacular cirri about one third length of dorsal ones. Dorsal cirri smooth, thick, distally tapered, long on anterior segments, from proventricle posteriorly, cirri consist of long and short cirri that alternate; long cirri longer than body width, and short cirri, shorter than body width (Fig. 17 A). Parapodia conical, ending with rounded papilla, provided with some tufts of cilia. Ventral cirri digitiform, shorter than parapodial lobes. Compound chaetae similar throughout, 15 anteriorly, 7 posteriorly, blades elongated, distally slightly hooked, unidentate, longer ones with subdistal spine, smooth or provided with fine spines on margin (Fig. 17 C); dorsoventral gradation in length within fascicle, about 42 µm in length dorsally, 15 µm in length ventrally. Dorsal and ventral simple chaetae on far posterior parapodia, slender, smooth, unidentate (Fig. 17 D, F). Acicula solitary, with tricuspidate tip (Fig. 17 E). Pharynx short, through 2 segments; single pharyngeal tooth on anterior margin (Fig. 17 A). Proventricle barrel-shaped, through 3 segments, with about 20 muscle cell rows. Pygidium semi-circular, with 2 anal cirri, similar in shape and length to long dorsal cirri (Fig. 17 B). Habitat. Occurring on coralline algae, mixed algae, Caulerpa, seagrasses on sand, sand with debris, sponges with epibionts in shallow depths.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A219FFD2AACF252CFA09FED1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand, Australia (New South Wales, Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, Queensland).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A219FFD3A9BF2588FC21FCDB.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Syllis fulgurans Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833, designated by Hartman, 1959.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A219FFD3A9BF2588FC21FCDB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body of variable size, from <5 mm to> 10 mm in length, with numerous segments, cylindrical, dorsally highly convex, flattened ventrally. Prostomium with 4 eyes and, sometimes, pair of anterior eyespots. Three antennae. Palps broad, free for almost all their length, fused basally. Peristomium usually reduced dorsally; 2 pairs of tentacular cirri. Occipital flap present, usually well developed, covering peristomium dorsally and prostomium partially. Nuchal organs as 2 ciliated grooves between prostomium and peristomium, extending sometimes to lateral areas of prostomium. Dorsal cirri elongated, smooth, distally tapered, but sometimes short or indistinctly articulated. Parapodia usually with pre- and postchaetal lobes. Ventral cirri digitiform to pillow-shaped. Compound chaetae heterogomph, usually with shafts distally spinose. Dorsal and ventral simple chaetae present on some parapodia. Pharynx short, distinctly shorter than proventricle, provided with several teeth, usually few, pointing backwards, pharyngeal mid-dorsal tooth absent; pharynx when not everted situated posteriorly to chaetiger 1, inside tube that leads to mouth opening on peristomium. Proventricle usually long and wide, massive. Pygidium with 2 anal cirri. Reproduction by epigamy; epigamic specimens sometimes strongly modified and phosphorescent (Fischer & Fischer, 1995; Gaston & Hall, 2000).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A219FFD3A9BF2588FC21FCDB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The structure of the anterior part of the gut in this genus is distinct and unusual, with the pharynx being short and the opening located posteriorly to the mouth; a tube is present that surrounds the pharynx and that leads to the mouth. This must be removed to see the trepan and the two lateral plates of the pharynx. Occasionally specimens lack any teeth on the trepan, and we suggest that individuals can regenerate these teeth. The genera that we have synonymized with Odontosyllis have been inadequately examined previously with regard to the structure of the anterior part of the gut. For example, GSM examined one paratype of Pharyngeovalvata natalensis (BMNH 1961.16.16 - 17, Natal Shore, South Africa Stn. 47.8, coll: J. H. Day) and it is identical to specimens of Odontosyllis ctenostoma Claparède, 1868. Both species possess a pharynx with a trepan; even though the description of the pharynx of Pharyngeovalvata by Day (1951) states that the pharynx lacks a trepan, the paratype possesses one. We therefore have synonymized these two species that are the type species of their respective genera and Pharyngeovalvata is synonymized with Odontosyllis. We suspect that Atelesyllis Pruvot, 1930, is also identical to Odontosyllis with the pharynx contracted, but the types appear to be lost. We have also examined the holotype of Synpalposyllis australiensis Hartmann-Schröder, 1983 (HZM P- 17400), a species known only from the holotype, which is less than 5 mm in length, with the prostomium and the anterior part of the pharynx damaged so it is not possible to verify the presence or absence of the palps, but the chaetae and aciculae are similar to those of O. australiensis. In our opinion, this specimen may be a juvenile of O. australiensis. Types of Alluaudella madagascariensis Gravier, 1905 were not available for examination but this species appears to be related to some species of Odontosyllis with short dorsal cirri and indistinct ventral cirri, distally located, and partially fused, appearing as absent, although this should be checked on material from the type locality. We have examined type material of the other species of the genus, Alluaudella longicirrata Mohammad, 1973, and it is clearly a species of Odontosyllis. We suggest that it is likely that the genus Alluaudella should be synonymized with Odontosyllis, and it certainly does not belong in the subfamily Autolytinae where it has previously been placed (Gravier, 1905). The key below includes nine species, an additional two species have been reported from Australia, but they are not included in the key. Odontosyllis hyalina Grube, 1878, was reported by Hartmann-Schröder (1990); and we have examined the specimen (HZM P- 20185) and it is a small, probably a juvenile specimen, belonging to O. australiensis; the original description (Grube, 1878) is based on a single, epigamic specimen (MPUW, 325), in poor condition, but the compound chaetae are similar to those of O. australiensis but the shafts are proportionally larger, the blades are shorter, some of them almost unidentate. Haswell (1920) reported two specimens of Odontosyllis suteri Benham, 1915, from Port Jackson, Sydney, as the type description from New Zealand specimens is incomplete and no details of the chaetae are given it is therefore difficult to verify Haswell’s identification, and we suggest that they may represent individuals of Odontosyllis polycera. So neither of these records of O. hyalina and O. suteri from Australia are likely to be valid.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A21BFFD0AAA420ADFA1DF835.taxon	description	Fig. 18 A – G	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A21BFFD0AAA420ADFA1DF835.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Port Hedland, 19 ° 38 ' S 119 ° 31 ' E, coarse sediments, intertidal, 28 Sept. 1975, holotype of Odontoautolytus annulatus (ZMH P- 15482) and 2 paratypes (ZMH P- 15483). QUEENSLAND: Gladstone, 23 ° 49 ' S 151 ° 25 ' E, coarse sand, 28 Jan 1976, holotype of Odontosyllis brevicirra (HZM P- 20543) and 1 paratype (HZM P- 20544). All material collected Hartmann-Schröder.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A21BFFD0AAA420ADFA1DF835.taxon	description	Description. Body long, slender, (Fig. 18 A), about 4.8 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, with 47 chaetigers. Prostomium oval, laterally convex, with 2 lateral and 2 frontal tufts of cilia (Fig. 18 A); 4 eyes in rectangular arrangement, those of anterior pair slightly larger than posterior ones; antennae short, digitiform, shorter than prostomium; median antenna inserted between anterior eyes; lateral antennae inserted near anterior margin, close to each other, near midline of margin (Fig. 18 A). Palps shorter than prostomium, blunt. Peristomium shorter than subsequent segments; tentacular cirri similar to antennae; dorsal ones longer than ventral ones. Occipital flap absent, although some with peristomium ones, similar in shape and size to dorsal tentacular cirri. Ventral cirri fused with parapodial lobes, inserted distally (Fig. 18 A, D). Parapodia each with 4 compound chaetae (Fig. 18 D), strongly heterogomph, shafts with subdistal large tooth, and short, smooth, triangular, bidentate blades, subdistal tooth small, all similar in shape and length (Fig. 18 E), 7 – 8 µm in length. Solitary ventral simple chaeta on far posterior parapodia of one specimen, slender, smooth, unidentate (Fig. 18 G). Dorsal simple chaetae not observed. Solitary acicula on each parapodium, distally acuminate (Fig. 18 F). Pygidium large, slightly bilobed, with 2 long, slender, filiform anal cirri (Fig. 18 B). Pharynx through about 2 segments, according to original description, trepan with 6 small teeth (Fig. 18 C); dark gland near pharynx opening (Fig. 18 C). Proventricle long and slender, through about 7 – 8 segments (Fig. 18 A), with about 50 muscle cell rows.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A21BFFD0AAA420ADFA1DF835.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species has small ventral cirri, inserted distally. Hartmann-Schröder (1979) made an incorrect interpretation of the parapodia, overlooked the ventral cirri and described it as a new genus, which she placed in the subfamily Autolytinae. Nygren (2004) synonymized Odontoautolytus with Odontosyllis. After examination of the type series of both species, Odontoautolytus annulatus and Odontosyllis brevicirra, we suggest that they represent the same species Odontosyllis annulatus. Habitat. Occurring in coarse sediments, intertidally.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A21BFFD0AAA420ADFA1DF835.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (Western Australia, Queensland).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A21AFFD7AA692295FEE5F838.taxon	description	Figs 19 C – F, 20 A – H, 21 A – F	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A21AFFD7AA692295FEE5F838.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES: 100 m NW of Julian Rocks, Byron Bay, 28 ° 36.8 ' S 15 ° 37.8 ' E, shell and gravel, 15 m, coll. Ho & party, 3 Mar 1992, 1 (AM W 28217). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: N end of Long Is., 28 ° 27.9 ' S 113 ° 46.3 ' E, dead coral substrate covered in coralline & brown algae, 5.5 m, coll. C. Bryce, 22 May 1994, 2 on SEM stub, (AM W 28380); Lafontaine Is., Kimberley region, 14 ° 10 ' S 125 ° 47 ' E, 15 m, coll P. A. Hutchings, 19 July 1988, 1 (AM W 28933); Reef south of Lucas Is., Brunswick Bay, Kimberley region, 15 ° 16 ' S 124 ° 29 ' E, 2 m, coll P. A. Hutchings, 24 July 1988, 1 (AM W 28932). Additional material. AUSTRALIA: WESTERN AUSTRALIA. Denmark, Ocean Beach, algae, 18 Nov. 1975, coll. & id. Hartmann-Schröder, holotype of Synpalposyllis australiensis, (HZM P- 17400). Singapore, syntype of Odontosyllis hyalina Grube, 1878: 129, (MPUW 325). comparison to non-epigamic specimens, and it is difficult to assess if both species are valid or synonymous. The syntype (MPUW, 325) is in poor condition, covered by crystals of formalin, but the chaetae appear different (see above); so at this stage we are accepting both species as valid. Habitat. Occurring on algae, dead coral and coarse sediments, from intertidal to shallow depths.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A21AFFD7AA692295FEE5F838.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (Western Australia, New South Wales, Queensland).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A21CFFEBA99C2299FCD9F8BA.taxon	description	Fig. 22 A – C	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A21CFFEBA99C2299FCD9F8BA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES: Port Jackson, 33 ° 51 ' S 151 ° 16 ' E, donated by W. A. Haswell, Feb 1920, 1 (slide) (AM W 501).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A21CFFEBA99C2299FCD9F8BA.taxon	description	Description. Only examined specimen, mature, epigamic male, 5 mm long, 0.1 mm wide, with 37 chaetigers, on permanent, stained slide. Adult, non-epigamic specimens from Japan, 6 – 9 mm long, 1 mm wide, with 40 – 52 chaetigers (Imajima, 1966). Specimen from Port Jackson with 2 large, black eyes, small palps and coiled cirri (Fig. 22 A). Occipital flap absent. 4 – 5 compound chaetae per parapodium, with distally spinose shafts and short, curved, unidentate blades, with short spines on margin (Fig. 22 C). Dorsal simple chaetae from midbody, thin, unidentate, smooth. Ventral simple chaetae absent. Acicula solitary, distally knobbed, with short tip. Pharynx through 2 segments, with 5 teeth and 2 lateral plates. Proventricle through 2 segments (Fig. 22 A). Pygidium semi-circular, with 2 long anal cirri, extending for 6 chaetigers (Fig. 22 B). Japanese non epigamic specimens (fide Imajima, 1966), with antennae, dorsum and dorsal cirri dark red; with ciliary bands across dorsum, nuchal ridges present; lacking occipital flap. Dorsal cirri alternating in length, shorter than body width, and ventral simple chaetae on posterior parapodia, unidentate, slightly hooked, with short, fine spines on margin.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A21CFFEBA99C2299FCD9F8BA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. As the only Australian material available for examination was a mature epigamic male, it is difficult to relate this to the non epigamic individuals recorded from Japan by Imajima (1966), but we believe them to represent the same species. Habitat. Occurring in sand, seagrass, algae; intertidally.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A21CFFEBA99C2299FCD9F8BA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales), Japan, Cuba. Fairy Bower, 33 ° 48.18 ' S 151 ° 17.4 ' E, in between large boulders & under small ones, 8 m, coll. P. A Hutchings, 24 Oct 1971, 1 on SEM stub (AM W 24679); Grotto Point, Port Jackson, 33 ° 49 ' S 151 ° 15 ' E, algae, 4 m, coll. P. Colman, 18 July 1983, 1 (AM W 28915); Summer Cloud Bay, Wreck Bay, 35 ° 10.5 ' S 150 ° 41 ' E, 15 m, coll. P. A. Hutchings, 29 Nov 1971, 1 (AM W 26325). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Off S end of Long Is. Beacon Is. 28 ° 28.8 ' S 113 ° 46.3 ' E, dead coral substrate covered in coralline algae, 4.5 m, coll. P. A. Hutchings, 25 May 1994, 2 (AM W 28390).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A21CFFEBA99C2299FCD9F8BA.taxon	description	Description. Body broad anteriorly, tapered posteriorly (Fig. 23 C), largest complete specimen examined 10 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, with 59 chaetigers, sometimes without colour pattern, but usually with 2 – 3 dark, dorsal spots on some anterior chaetigers (Fig. 24 A), others dark. Prostomium oval, large, with long cilia laterally (Fig. 24 A); 4 eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement; antennae short, fusiform, shorter than prostomium (Figs 23 D, 24 A), median antenna originating between anterior eyes, lateral antennae near anterior margin of prostomium, close to median antennae. Palps small, shorter than prostomium, ventrally folded (Fig. 24 A). Nuchal organs distinct, with long cilia between prostomium and peristomium (Figs 23 D, 24 A). Peristomium distinct, similar in length to subsequent segments. Occipital flap covering posterior part of prostomium (Figs 23 D, 24 A). Tentacular cirri similar in shape to antennae, but longer. Dorsal cirri fusiform, some more elongated than antennae, those of chaetiger 1 slightly longer than others, shorter than half of body width, slightly longer than parapodial lobes (Figs 23 E, 24 C). Parapodial lobes elongated, almost rectangular, distally bilobed (Figs 23 E, 24 C); anterior parapodia with distal, digitiform papilla; progressively, posteriorly parapodia becoming more elongated, and distinctly bilobed distally, and distal papilla becoming fused. Ventral cirri digitiform, elongated, reaching or extending beyond parapodial lobes (Fig. 24 C). Compound chaetae slender, with elongated, unidentate blades, with slightly hooked tips (Figs 23 F, 24 E, F, 25 A), with margins either smooth or with short spines. Anterior parapodia with about 16 – 18 compound chaetae, with dorsoventral gradation in length of blades within fascicle, 40 µm in length dorsally, 20 µm in length ventrally; number of compound chaetae per parapodium decreasing posteriorly, up to about 9 on posterior parapodia, blades of similar lengths to anterior ones; blades with short, minute subdistal spine (Fig. 25 B – D, arrows). Dorsal and ventral simple chaetae on posterior parapodia, thin, smooth, dorsal ones bifid (Fig. 24 H) and ventral unidentate (Fig. 24 I). Anterior parapodia with 2 – 3 aciculae, becoming solitary after proventricular segments, distally acuminate (Fig. 24 D, G). Pharynx wide, through 2 – 3 segments, with 5 teeth and 2 lateral plates. Proventricle wide, short, slightly longer than pharynx (Fig. 24 A), through about 4 segments, with 28 – 30 muscle cell rows. Pygidium rectangular, small, with 2 lateral, short anal cirri, and 1 median, digitiform papilla (Fig. 24 B). Habitat. Occurring on algae, bryozoans, dead corals; intertidal and shallow depths.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A21CFFEBA99C2299FCD9F8BA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (Western Australia, New South Wales).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A21CFFEBA99C2299FCD9F8BA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Cervantes, 30 ° 30 ' S 115 ° 03 ' E, fine sand with Posidonia, coll. G. Hartmann-Schröder, 24 Oct 1972, 2 paratypes (AM W 17725). NEW SOUTH WALES: Halfway Reef, 200 m S of Sullivan Reef, Ulladulla, 35 ° 21 ' 25 " S 150 ° 29 ' 19 " E, airlift over wall of sponges, Bryozoa, Hydrozoa, 15 m, coll. P. B. Berents, K. B. Attwood & A. Murray, 3 May 1997, 1 (AM W 29375).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A21CFFEBA99C2299FCD9F8BA.taxon	description	Description. Paratype examined 8.1 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, with 43 chaetigers; holotype 10 mm long for 48 chaetigers according to Hartmann-Schröder. Body broad anteriorly, tapering posteriorly, lightly coloured on dorsum of some segments, with 2 – 4 dark spots (Fig. 26 A). Prostomium oval, about 3 times wider than long; 4 eyes arranged in open trapezoidal pattern, posterior ones covered by occipital flap (Fig. 26 A); antennae short, globular, median antenna slightly longer than lateral ones (Fig. 26 A, B), originating between anterior eyes, lateral antennae inserted on anterior margin of prostomium. Palps small, short. Peristomium dorsally reduced (Fig. 26 A, B). Tentacular cirri globular, similar in size to antennae. Occipital flap oval, covering only posterior margin of prostomium (Fig. 26 A, B). Dorsal cirri globular, sphaerical, shorter than parapodial lobes, those inserted dorsolaterally on chaetigers 1, 4, and 6 - 8 - 10 - …, slightly larger and more elongate than those on chaetigers 2, 3, 5 - 7 - 9 - …, inserted adjacent to parapodial lobes (Fig. 26 B, C). Parapodial lobes elongated, distinctly bilobed distally (Fig. 26 A – C). Ventral cirri short, conical, inserted near distal part of parapodial lobes. Compound chaetae numerous, about 20 on midbody parapodia, with smooth shafts, or provided with minute subdistal spines, and elongate, unidentate blades, distally slightly hooked, provided with short, fine spines on margin (Fig. 26 E), blades of chaetae within fascicle exhibiting dorsoventral gradation in length, about 33 µm in length dorsally, 25 µm in length ventrally. Dorsal and ventral simple chaetae not seen nor previously described. Aciculae solitary, slender, straight. Pharynx wide, short, with 7 teeth (fide Hartmann-Schröder; not seen in material examined) and 2 lateral plates. Proventricle large, 2.5 × longer than pharynx (Fig. 26 D), with about 40 muscle cell rows. Pygidium with 2 globular anal cirri, similar to dorsal ones. Habitat. Occurring on algae and sediment, intertidal.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A21CFFEBA99C2299FCD9F8BA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (Western Australia, New South Wales).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A222FFEFAAFE2263FE91F83E.taxon	description	Figs 27 C – F, 28 A – H, 29 A – F	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A222FFEFAAFE2263FE91F83E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES: Careel Bay, Pittwater, 33 ° 37 ' S 151 ° 19 ' E, Zostera, coll. P. A. Hutchings, 4 Nov 1973 (AM W 11110). QUEENSLAND: Calliope R., 23 ° 51 ' S 151 ° 10 ' E, coll. P. Saenger, 1974, 7 (AM W 199367). Triangular Islets, Shoalwater Bay, 22 ° 23 ' S 150 ° 31 ' E, coll. J. A. Lewis & J. R. Forsyth, 1981, 10 on SEM stub (AM W 202645).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A222FFEFAAFE2263FE91F83E.taxon	description	Description. Body 14 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, with 50 chaetigers; distinct, median longitudinal black band, and large lateral spots, resembling 3 longitudinal stripes (Fig. 28 A). Prostomium small, hidden under most anterior segments (Figs 27 C, 28 A – C) (probably contracted), with 2 black lateral spots and posterior transverse band; antennae short and slender, inserted in front of anterior eyes, median antenna longer than lateral antennae, inserted slightly posteriorly (Figs 27 C, 28 B, C), similar to combined length of prostomium and palps. Prostomium with 2 slightly raised mounds with minute pores (see arrows Fig. 27 D, E). Two densely ciliated, semi-circular nuchal organs (Fig. 27 C, D). Palps small, fused basally, ventrally folded. Peristomium (G) long-bladed compound chaetae, midbody; (H) falcigers, midbody. Holotype AM W 11110, except B, AM W 202645. Scales: A – C, E: 0.8 mm, D: 0.2 mm, F: 0.18 mm, G, H: 20 µm. small, dorsally nearly covered by small lobe of chaetiger 1 (Figs 27 C, 28 B); tentacular cirri similar to antennae, but slightly longer. Anterior dorsal cirri elongated, smooth, distally tapered, rugose to pseudoarticulate (Figs 27 C, 28 A) becoming progressively shorter along body (Figs 27 F, 28 D), slightly longer than parapodial lobes. Parapodia with 2 – 3 parallel lobes (Figs 27 F, 28 D, 29 A). Ventral cirri short, pillow-shaped (Figs 27 F, 28 D). Compound chaetae numerous, shafts distally spinose, and blades of 2 kinds, most dorsal ones with elongate, bidentate blades (Fig. 28 G), short spines on margin, and remaining chaetae with short, triangular, distinctly bidentate blades (Figs 28 H, 29 A – E); on midbody, parapodia with about 6 – 7 compound chaetae of slender type, 37 – 45 µm in length, and 28 – 30 chaetae with short blades, all similar, about 16 – 18 µm in length; compound chaetae slightly longer on anterior parapodia (Fig. 29 A, B). Aciculae slender, distally blunt, numerous in anterior parapodia, reduced to 2 – 3 on posterior parapodia. Dorsal simple chaetae slender, thin, unidentate (Fig. 29 C). Ventral simple chaetae on posterior parapodia, bidentate, with short spines on margin (Fig. 29 C, F). Pharynx through 3 – 4 segments, with 5 teeth and 2 lateral plates (Fig. 28 F). Proventricle long, slender (Fig. 28 E), through 9 segments, with about 80 muscle cell rows.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A222FFEFAAFE2263FE91F83E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The small lobe on the peristomium is not regarded as an occipital flap. This species is characterized by its colour pattern, a lack of an occipital flap, and two kinds of compound chaetae being present. Odontosyllis trilineata Imajima, 2003 has a similar colour pattern and chaetae, but they differ in that O. gravelyi also has long-bladed chaetae, and O. trilineata has a distinct occipital flap and 9 teeth on trepan (Imajima, 2003). Habitat. Occurring in coarse sand and gravel and mud, shallow depths often in estuarine conditions.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A222FFEFAAFE2263FE91F83E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (New South Wales, Queensland) and southeast India.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A229FFE3AB0F2036FEB2F928.taxon	description	Figs 23 A, B, 32 A – C, 33 A – F, 34 A – E	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A229FFE3AB0F2036FEB2F928.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE (AM W 28387) AUSTRALIA: WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Off jetty adjacent to Fisheries Hut, Beacon Is. 28 ° 25.5 ' S 113 ° 47 ' E, dead coral substrate, plate-like Acropora and Montipora spp., 12 m, coll. P. A. Hutchings, 23 May 1994. PARATYPES: 1 on SEM stub (AM W 5496) Blow Holes, Quobba, 24 ° 29 ' S 113 ° 25 ' E, in sponge, 2 m, coll. N. Coleman, 20 Jun 1972; E side of Mangrove Is. 20 ° 56 ' S 116 ° 09 ' E, in dead coral, 1 m, coll. Aquinas College, 9 Jan 1968, 1 (AM W 194813).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A229FFE3AB0F2036FEB2F928.taxon	description	Description. Body broad, robust anteriorly, tapered posteriorly, 25 mm long, 2 mm wide, with 93 chaetigers. Distinctly coloured (Fig. 32 A) with transverse black rows and other yellowish areas on preserved specimens; 2 kidneyshaped black spots on prostomium (Fig. 32 B); chaetigers 1, 4, 6, 9 darkly pigmented, subsequent segments, consisting of one darkly pigmented segment followed by unpigmented segment, this striped pattern continues to mid body, following segments with reduced pigmentation; each segment slightly biannulate with dorsum rugose. Prostomium almost circular, totally covered by occipital flap (Figs 32 A, 34 A, B), with 4 eyes in rectangular pattern, antennae short and thick, shorter than prostomium, indistinctly wrinkled (Fig. 32 B, C), originating close to each other, all similar size, median antenna originating slightly posteriorly to lateral antennae, all antennae covered by occipital flap. Palps triangular, ventrally folded (Fig. 32 C). Peristomium dorsally reduced, covered by chaetiger 1 and occipital flap (Fig. 32 A), forming 2 lobes ventrally (Fig. 32 C). Occipital flap large (Figs 32 A – C, 34 A, B) colourless. Tentacular and dorsal cirri similar, short, thick, slightly with elongate, slender blades, distally bidentate and short spines on margin; remaining chaetae with shorter and wider blades that progressively along body, become strongly bidentate, with short spines on margin (Figs 33 B, D, 34 E, 23 A, B). Anterior compound chaetae shorter and more slender than posterior ones, about 20 per parapodium, with dorsoventral gradation in length of blades within fascicle, 38 µm in length dorsally, 16 µm in length ventrally, those of posterior parapodia, numbering about 15 per parapodium, 46 µm in length dorsally, 26 µm in length ventrally. Dorsal and ventral simple chaetae not seen. Aciculae slender, distally broad, numerous on anterior parapodium, numbers decreasing posteriorly to 2 – 3 on posterior parapodia (Fig. 33 C). Pharynx about half of length of proventricle (Fig. 33 E), with 5 teeth and 2 lateral plates (Fig. 33 F). Proventricle long and wide, with about 56 muscle cell rows (Fig. 33 E).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A229FFE3AB0F2036FEB2F928.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Odontosyllis marombibooral n. sp. differs from all other species of the genus in having a large occipital flap, which covers totally the prostomium and antennae, a distinctive colour pattern, bifid parapodia with distal ventral cirri, and short, pseudoarticulated dorsal cirri. No other species has this combination of characters. The most similar species is Odontosyllis picta (Kinberg, 1865 described as Eurymedusa picta), from New Zealand (Ehlers, 1904) (also questionably reported for Australia), which also has a large occipital flap, but not as large as the one present in Odontosyllis marombibooral n. sp. Odontosyllis picta also has black transverse stripes, but they are arranged in a different pattern to those of Odontosyllis marombibooral, and the compound chaetae have all short blades, whereas Odontosyllis marombibooral, has two types of chaetae present. Odontosyllis rubrofasciata (Pruvot, 1930), from New Caledonia, (described as Atelesyllis rubrofasciata), and O. rubrofasciata Grube, 1878 (a possible homonym), have strikingly similar colour patterns, short dorsal cirri, and compound chaetae that resemble those present in Odontosyllis marombibooral, but the occipital flap is much smaller and this character easily separates these three species. Fauvel, in the notes given after the description of Atelesyllis rubrofasciata considered that is a different species to O. rubrofasciata Grube, 1879. Odontosyllis rubrofasciata (Pruvot, 1930) has transverse stripes, but only from the midbody onwards, the prostomium has 4 lobes. The chaetae, although similar to those of O. marombibooral are slightly different, with long blades not as elongated and short blades with distal tooth not as curved as those present in O. marombibooral. In the description of Atelesyllis rubrofasciata (Pruvot, 1930), pharyngeal teeth are not mentioned as being present, although examining a range of species of Odontosyllis some individuals appear to lack these teeth. In all other characters, however, they are identical to specimens with teeth, suggesting they may lose these teeth and be able to regenerate them. Habitat. Occurring in dead corals and sponges, from depths of 1 – 12 m.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A229FFE3AB0F2036FEB2F928.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (Western Australia).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A229FFE3AB0F2036FEB2F928.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of this species comes from two aboriginal words, marombi, meaning shield, and booral, meaning big, or large, in reference to the large occipital flap present.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A228FFE1AADC22E8FBEBF9A7.taxon	description	Figs 19 A, B, 25 E, F, 35 A – F, 36 A – F	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A228FFE1AADC22E8FBEBF9A7.taxon	description	1984: 20; 1985: 68, figs 14 – 17; 1986: 41; 1989: 25; 1990: 51.? Odontosyllis suteri Non Benham, 1915. — Haswell, 1920: 107.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A228FFE1AADC22E8FBEBF9A7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: Lagoon, Low Islets, 16 ° 23 ' S 145 ° 34 ' E, British Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928 – 1929, 3 Oct 1928, id. as O. hyalina, 1 epigamic specimen, (AM W 2952). NEW SOUTH WALES: NE of Mary’s Rock, Cook Is., 28 ° 11.42 ' S 153 ° 34.79 ' E, orange frilly bryozoan, 19 m, coll. R. T. Springthorpe, 8 Jun 1993, 1 (AM W 28400); NW of Split Solitary Is., 30 ° 14 ' S 153 ° 10.8 ' E, orange sponge, 14 m, coll. R. T. Springthorpe, 7 Mar 1992, 1 (AM W 28219); Green Point, Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 34 ' S 151 ° 14 ' E, mud, 12 m, coll. A. Jones & party, 13 Nov 1979, 1 (AM W 196605); Hawkesbury R., E end of Brooklyn Boat Channel, 33 ° 33 ' S 151 ° 14 ' E. A. Jones & party, 18 Dec 1979, 1 (AM W 196420); Grotto Point, Port Jackson, 33 ° 49 ' S 151 ° 15 ' E, algae, 4 m, coll. P. Colman, 18 July 1983, 2 (AM W 28407); W of La Perouse, Botany Bay, 33 ° 59.4 ' S 151 ° 12.8 ' E, St. 99, mud, 13 m, coll. SPCC, 10 Mar 1977, P. A. Hutchings (id.), 1 epigamic female, (+ 2 midbody pieces on SEM stub) (AM W 14203); S of Banksmeadow, Botany Bay, 33 ° 58 ' S 151 ° 12 ' E, mud, 19 m, 8 Dec 1976, coll. SPPC, 1 (AM W 14197); Botany Bay, 33 ° 59.3 ' S 151 ° 13.1 ' E, coll. NSW Fisheries, 31 Jan 1975, 1 epigamic specimen on SEM stub (AM W 195387); Botany Bay, 34 ° 0.5 ' S 151 ° 11 ' E, coll. NSW Fisheries, 1 (AM W 195520); N of Kurnell, Botany Bay, 34 ° 00 ' S 151 ° 12 ' E, mud, 13 m, 10 March 1977, P. A. Hutchings (id.), 1 (AM W 14204); Port Botany, Botany Bay, 33 ° 58.75 ' S 151 ° 11.093 ' E, 7 m, 7 Apr 1992, A. Murray (id.), 1 (AM W 21628); W of La Perouse, Botany Bay, muddy sand, 19 m, 4 Feb 1977, coll. SPCC, 2 (AM W 14201); off Bass Point, 34 ° 36 ' S 150 ° 54 ' E, 50 m, coll. The Ecology Lab, 1 Feb 1990, several (AM W 22990); 100 m, Jervis Bay, 35 ° 06 ' S 150 ° 44 ' E, coll. P. A. Hutchings & party, Feb 1989, 1 (AM W 20828); Jervis Bay, off Murrays Beach, 35 ° 7.5 ' S 150 ° 45.5 ' E, coll. NSW Fisheries, 25 Apr 1972, 1 on SEM stub (AM W 194258); Jervis Bay, Murrays Basin sandbank, coll. NSW Fisheries, 17 Oct 1972, 1 (AM W 194540); Jervis Bay, Murrays Basin 35 ° 7.5 ' S 150 ° 45.5 E, sand, coll. NSW Fisheries, 17 Oct 1972, 1 (AM W 194290); Jervis Bay, off Murrays Beach, 35 ° 7.5 ' S 150 ° 45.5 ' E, NSW Fisheries, Apr 1972, 1 (AM W 17559); Plantation Point, Jervis Bay, 35 ° 4.35 ' S 150 ° 41.80 ' E, intertidal rock platform, coll. A. Murray, 24 Oct 1998, 1 (AM W 24937). TASMANIA: Fancy Point, Bruny Is. 43 ° 16 ' S 147 ° 19 ' E, algae, 3 – 6 m, coll. G. Edgar, 10 Nov 1980, 1 (AM W 18189). SOUTH AUSTRALIA: 2 km off First Creek, Spencer Gulf, Port Pirie, 33 ° 12 ' S 138 ° 00 ' E, subtidal, Posidonia and Amphibolus spp seagrass, 4.1 m, T. J. Ward, Mar 1980, 1 (AM W 28233); Sleaford Bay, Port Lincoln, 34 ° 54 ' S 135 ° 47 ' E, algal washings, coll. P. A. Hutchings, 10 Mar 1979, 4 (AM W 26356). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Bramble Point, Princess Royal Harbour, 35 ° 02 ' S 117 ° 55 ' E, Posidonia sinuosa, 1 – 1.5 m, coll. P. A. Hutchings & party, Jan 1988, 1 (AM W 20305); Cottlesloe Beach, 6 miles W of Perth, calcareous algae & Idanthyrsus tubes, 6 m, coll. H. Paxton, 14 Feb 1970, G. Hartmann- Schröder (id.), 6 (+ 2 fragments on SEM stub), (AM W 4344); Red Bluff, Kalbarri, 27 ° 42 ' S 114 ° 09 ' E, mixed coralline algae on rocky shore, 3.5 m, coll. J. K. Lowry, 10 Jan., 1984, 2 (AM W 28365). median one (Figs 25 F, 35 A). Palps divergent, ventrally folded, free for almost their length, fused basally. Dorsal tentacular cirri slightly longer than antennae, ventral tentacular cirri shorter. Peristomium reduced dorsally, covered by large, long occipital flap, that also covers most of prostomium (Figs 25 E, F, 35 A); anterior edge of occipital flap with band of cilia (Fig. 36 A, arrow); midbody segments divided in two sections by one furrow, each section with row of cilia (Fig. 36 B, arrows). Antennae, tentacular, and dorsal cirri elongated, smooth, distally tapered, with short cirrophore (Figs 25 E, 35 A), dorsal cirri becoming shorter posteriorly (Fig. 25 E); dorsal cirri of chaetigers 1, 3, 4 and 6 long, alternating dorsal cirri long and short on remaining segments. Parapodia conical, ending in 2 distal lobes (Fig. 35 B). Ventral cirri rounded, stout, pillow-shaped, shorter than parapodial lobes (Figs 35 B, 36 C, D). Compound chaetae heterogomph falcigers, with spinose ending shafts and short, bidentate blades, slightly hooked, proximal tooth well separated from distal ones (Figs 35 E, F, 36 F), sometimes on middle of margin; few, short spines, on margin, also some thin spines on tendons between shafts and blades, becoming more marked on posterior chaetae (Fig. 35 E, F). Length of blades of chaetae within fascicle increasing ventrally (Figs 35 E, F, 36 E). Anterior parapodia with about 50 compound chaetae, blades 15 – 17 µm in length dorsally, 23 µm in length ventrally; number of compound chaetae per parapodium diminishing progressively along body to 25 – 27 on posterior segments, blades increasing in length within fascicle from 18 µm dorsally to 25 µm ventrally. Anterior parapodia with 3 slender aciculae with trilobed tips, numbers decreasing posteriorly with only 1 on posterior parapodia, similar to anterior ones (Fig. 35 D), but larger. Dorsal simple chaetae on posterior parapodia, thin, unidentate, with short spines on margin (Fig. 19 A). Ventral simple chaetae on far posterior segments of few specimens, with minute subdistal spines on margin, distally hooked, with short proximal tooth (Fig. 19 B). Pharynx short, through about 4 segments, with 5 – 8 teeth, and 2 lateral plates. Proventricle long, relatively slender, more than 3 times length of pharynx (Fig. 35 C), through 9 – 10 segments, with about 130 muscle cell rows. Pygidium, with 2 long anal cirri. Several specimens epitokous, with long natatory chaetae on midbody parapodia (Fig. 36 D).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A228FFE1AADC22E8FBEBF9A7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species, which was described from Table Bay, South Africa, has been reported widely, and a detailed study should be undertaken to confirm such a wide distribution and depth range. Habitat. Occurring in sand, mud, algae, calcareous substrata, bryozoans, sponges, from intertidal to 90 m (Hartmann-Schröder, 1984).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A228FFE1AADC22E8FBEBF9A7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Angola, Namibia, South Africa, USA (Southern California), Panama, Indo-Pacific, New Zealand, Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania, South Australia, Western Australia).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A22AFFE6A97A22CFFB54F839.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Opisthodonta morena Langerhans, 1879.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A22AFFE6A97A22CFFB54F839.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body long, with numerous segments, stout, dorsally convex, of macrofaunal size (> 10 mm in length). Prostomium provided with 2 pairs of eyes, and sometimes 2 anterior eyespots. Three antennae. Median antenna inserted on middle of prostomium or slightly in front of anterior eyes. Palps apparently free from each other, basally fused. Peristomium small, partially covered by prostomium and first chaetiger, with 2 pairs of tentacular cirri. Nuchal organs as 2 ciliated grooves between prostomium and peristomium. Dorsal cirri on all chaetigers, cylindrical, long to extremely long, smooth or slightly rugose. Parapodia elongate; ventral cirri of anterior parapodia, ovate, foliaceous almost completely fused with parapodial lobe, provided with hyaline inclusions, perhaps glands. Subsequent ventral cirri conical to digitiform, neither foliaceous nor fused to parapodial lobes, inserted at base of parapodia. Chaetal bundles formed of numerous compound chaetae, including falcigers provided with long, thick proximal tooth and short distal tooth and sometimes a few chaetae with long, slender, spiniger-like blades. Dorsal simple chaetae apparently lacking. Aciculae with buttonshaped tips with crown of spines, or tricuspidate. Pharynx and proventricle similar in length. Pharynx with crown of soft papillae on anterior rim and single mid-dorsal tooth, inserted on anterior third or middle of pharynx. Reproduction by epigamy (Garwood, 1991).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A22CFFE4AAED2319FE45F8B5.taxon	description	Fig. 37 A – G	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A22CFFE4AAED2319FE45F8B5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE (AM W 28393). AUSTRALIA: WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Wallabi Group of Is., 28 ° 23.99 ' S 113 ° 46.73 ' E, shell debris from scallop beds, 39 m, coll. P. A. Hutchings on WA FRV Flinders, 30 May 1994. PARATYPES Wallabi Group of Is., 28 ° 24 ' S 113 ° 46.26 ' E, scallop beds, shell debris, 35 m, coll. P. A. Hutchings on WAFRV Flinders, 30 May 1994, few (AM W 28372); Off S end of Long Is. Beacon Is. 28 ° 28.8 ' S 113 ° 46.3 ' E, dead coral substrate covered in coralline algae, 4.5 m, coll. P. A. Hutchings, 25 May 1994, 1 (AM W 28950); Goss Passage, Beacon Is. 28 ° 25.5 ' S 113 ° 47 ' E, dead coral substrate, in fine sediment at foot of reef slope, 33 m, coll. P. A. Hutchings, 23 May 1994, 1 (AM W 28951).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A22CFFE4AAED2319FE45F8B5.taxon	description	Description. Body fragile, all fragmented specimens, strongly convex dorsally, colourless, longest anterior fragment 2.8 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, with 18 chaetigers. Prostomium oval, with 4 eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement and sometimes 2 anterior eyespots; median antenna inserted in front of line between anterior eyes, about twice as long as combined length of prostomium and palps; lateral antennae inserted near anterior margin, about half length of median antenna (Fig. 37 A). Palps trapezoidal, sometimes ventrally folded, slightly longer than prostomium. Peristomium similar in length to following segments; dorsal tentacular cirri long, filiform, longer than median antenna, ventral tentacular cirri about one third length of dorsal cirri. Dorsal cirri, as well as antennae and tentacular cirri, smooth, filiform, alternating irregularly, long cirri, longer than body width, and short cirri, shorter than body width (Fig. 37 A). Parapodial lobes rectangular, ending with pre-chaetal lobe. Ventral cirri large, triangular, partially fused to parapodial lobes on anterior parapodia, with some granular inclusions, becoming digitiform, not fused to parapodial lobes, on subsequent segments. Compound chaetae compound heterogomph, shafts distally spinose, and two kinds of blades, long, spiniger-like chaetae, anteriorly bifid (Fig. 37 B), apparently unidentate on posterior parapodia (Fig. 37 D), and bidentate falcigers, elongate, with short spines on margin and margins of blades weakly convex on anterior parapodia, bidentate, with unequal teeth, proximal tooth longer and broader than distal tooth (Fig. 37 C), becoming more marked on posterior chaetae (Fig. 37 E). Anterior parapodia with about 3 spiniger-like chaetae, blades 90 – 175 µm in length; and about 50 falcigers with blades 25 – 27 µm in length; progressively posteriorly number of compound chaetae decreasing to 1 – 2 spinigerlike, about 105 µm in length, smooth and unidentate, and 25 falcigers, 25 – 22 µm in length, on mid-posterior parapodia. Simple dorsal and ventral chaetae not seen. Aciculae distally slightly enlarged, ending in button, 4 on most anterior parapodia (Fig. 37 F), reducing to 2 on midposterior parapodia, one large and other slender (Fig. 37 G). Pharynx long and slender, through about 11 segments; pharyngeal tooth long and large, oval, located slightly anteriorly to middle of pharynx (Fig. 37 A). Proventricle large, through about 6 segments, with 23 muscle cell rows. Details of posterior end unknown.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A22CFFE4AAED2319FE45F8B5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Opisthodontha hanneloreae n. sp. is similar to O. melaenonephra, but lacks any colour pattern, the spiniger-like chaetae are distinctly longer and more slender, unidentate from midbody onwards. Opisthodonta morena Langerhans, 1879 (see above), and O. mitchelli Kudenov & Harris (1995) have much shorter spiniger-like chaetae than O. hanneloreae. Habitat. Occurring in dead corals and in shell debris, in shallow water.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A22CFFE4AAED2319FE45F8B5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (Western Australia).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A22CFFE4AAED2319FE45F8B5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after Dr Hannelore Paxton an Australian polychaetologist.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A235FFFEAB152498FB26FE1E.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Ehlersia ferrugina Langerhans, 1881, designated by San Martín, 2003.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A235FFFEAB152498FB26FE1E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body long, stout, with numerous segments, adults 5 mm or greater in length, dorsally convex. Prostomium with 4 eyes and pair of anterior eyespots. Three antennae. Median antenna inserted on middle of prostomium. Palps basally fused, with dorsal furrow. Two pairs of tentacular cirri. Nuchal organs as 2 ciliated grooves between prostomium and peristomium. Antennae, tentacular cirri and anterior dorsal cirri of adults articulated to irregularly articulated depending upon size, remaining dorsal cirri smooth. Dorsal ciliary bands on segments. Parapodia without prechaetal lobes; digitiform, retractile papilla between parapodial lobes and dorsal cirri of some parapodia. Compound chaetae heterogomph, including one or more chaetae with spiniger-like blades and several bidentate falcigerous blades, anteriorly with both teeth similar, posteriorly with proximal tooth longer and more robust than distal tooth. Aciculae acuminate. Pharynx and proventricle of similar size. Pharyngeal tooth anteriorly located. Reproduction by epigamy (San Martín, 2003).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A23AFFF6AA922245FAEAFD33.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Opisthosyllis brevicirra Hartmann-Schröder, 1979, designated by Hartmann-Schröder, 1991.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A23AFFF6AA922245FAEAFD33.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body robust, cylindrical, broad anteriorly, tapered posteriorly, with many segments. Dorsal and ventral surfaces covered with numerous, small papillae. Prostomium with 4 lensed eyes and 3 antennae. Palps broad, fused at base, ventrally folded. Peristomium shorter than subsequent segments, sometimes covered dorsally by chaetiger 1; 2 pairs of tentacular cirri. Nuchal organs as 2 ciliated grooves between prostomium and peristomium. Dorsal and ventral cirri on all chaetigerous segments. Antennae, tentacular, anal and dorsal cirri smooth, enlarged, club-shaped to foliaceous. Dorsal cirri usually provided with distinct cirrophores; on some species, dorsal cirri of anterior segments alternating in size between large and small ones, larger cirri arising more dorsally. Parapodia with compound, heterogomph chaetae, and dorsal and ventral simple chaetae on posterior parapodia. Pharynx wide, with pharyngeal tooth inserted far from anterior rim. Proventricle wide, voluminous. Pygidium small, with 2 anal cirri.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A23AFFF6AA922245FAEAFD33.taxon	discussion	Remarks. According to Hartmann-Schröder (1991), this genus belongs to the Eusyllinae. It has some unusual morphological characters, however, such as the shape and arrangement of dorsal cirri, epidermal papillae, shape of pharynx and proventricle; its method of reproduction is unknown. It appears to be closely related to Rhopalosyllis, and therefore should be considered as a member of the subfamily Syllinae. Until its method of reproduction is determined, we are retaining it within the Eusyllinae according to its original designation. The genus is known only from Australia.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A23DFFF4AB00272BFDBDF83D.taxon	description	Figs 50 A – E, 51 A – H, 52 A – I	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A23DFFF4AB00272BFDBDF83D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE (AM W 26734) AUSTRALIA: WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Red Bluff, Kalbarri, 27 ° 42 ' S 114 ° 09 ' E, mixed coralline algae, 4 m, coll. J. K. Lowry, 10 Jan 1984. PARATYPES Red Bluff, Kalbarri, 27 ° 42 ' S 114 ° 09 ' E, round-leaved seagrass in shallow sand on rocky shore, 3.5 m, coll. R. T. Springthorpe, 10 Jan 1984, 3 (AM W 28366); Rocky shore, Red Bluff, Kalbarri, 27 ° 42 ' S 114 ° 09 ' E, dictyotalean alga from cave, 4 m, coll. J. K. Lowry, 10 Jan 1984, 4 (AM W 26784); Rocky shore, Red Bluff, Kalbarri, 27 ° 42 ' S 114 ° 09 ' E, brown algae from surf zone, 0.5 m, coll. H. E. Stoddart, 9 Jan 1984, 1 (AM W 26783); Red Bluff, Kalbarri, 27 ° 42 ' S 114 ° 09 ' E, mixed coralline algae, 4 m, coll. J. K. Lowry, 10 Jan 1984, 7 + 1 on SEM stub (AM W 28984); Inshore limestone reef, Ned’s Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21 ° 59 ' S 113 ° 55 ' E, sponge covered with epiphytes, sediment & muddy worm tubes, 1.5 m, coll. R. T. Springthorpe, 2 Jan 1984, 1 (AM W 28368). Additional material examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Rockingham, Point Peron, 32 ° 17 ' S 115 ° 44 ' E 115, algae, intertidal, coll. G. Hartmann-Schröder, 1 (HMZ P- 17049); identified by Hartmann- Schröder as Opisthosyllis brevicirra.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A23DFFF4AB00272BFDBDF83D.taxon	description	Description. Complete specimen. Body anteriorly broad, tapered posteriorly (Fig. 52 A), 6.7 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, with 59 chaetigers. Dark area of pigment dorsally on each segment, sometimes divided into 2 dorsal areas, anterior and posterior lateral areas; dark areas forming incomplete transverse row on posterior segments (Fig. 50 A – C). Small, scattered papillae on lateral and ventral surfaces, more numerous on dorsum (Figs 50 A, C, 52 C, D). Prostomium oval, 4 small eyes arranged in open trapezoidal pattern, almost in straight line; lateral antennae inserted near anterior margin, oval, slightly rugose, shorter than combined length of prostomium and palps, median antenna similar to lateral but thicker, slightly longer, provided with dark inclusions, inserted slightly posteriorly to lateral ones, in front of eyes (Fig. 50 A). Palps broad, longer than prostomium, ventrally folded (Figs 50 D, E, 52 C). Peristomium shorter than subsequent segments; tentacular cirri similar in shape to lateral antennae, but larger. Dorsal cirri of chaetiger 1 distally inflated, club-shaped, provided with dark inclusions, and located laterodorsally, anteriorly directed, partially covering prostomium (Fig. 50 A, C, D); dorsal cirri of chaetigers 4 and 6 similar, but less inflated and more laterally inserted, subsequent dorsal cirri club-shaped, not as inflated as those of chaetigers 1, 4 and 6, without dark inclusions; alternating dorsal cirri laterodorsally located and others slightly smaller, more laterally located, cirri becoming smaller posteriorly (Fig. 50 C, D). Dorsal cirri with cirrophores. Anterior parapodia with 7 compound, heterogomph chaetae, shafts with some spines on distal margin, and curved blades; 2 dorsalmost compound chaetae with relatively short, bidentate blades, with both teeth close to each other, and short spines on margin (Fig. 51 C), 16 µm long; remaining compound chaetae with smooth, unidentate blades (Figs 51 C, 52 G), within fascicle slight dorsoventral gradation in length of blade, 22 µm in length dorsally, 17 µm in length ventrally. Progressively along body, chaetal blades becoming shorter and less bidentate; posterior parapodia with 6 compound chaetae, decreasing to 3 on posteriormost chaetigers, blades slightly hooked, smooth on margin, unidentate (Figs 51 G, 52 H), blades 15 µm in length dorsally, 10 µm in length ventrally. Dorsal simple chaetae slender, unidentate, smooth (Fig. 51 F), present on posterior chaetigers (Fig. 52 I). Ventral simple chaetae smooth, distally bent, unidentate, present on most posterior parapodia (Figs 51 H, 52 I). Anterior parapodia with 3 – 4 aciculae, distally rounded, single acicula on posterior parapodia (Fig. 51 E). Pharynx wide, through 3 – 4 segments; pharyngeal tooth located about one third from anterior margin of pharynx (Fig. 51 A). Margin of pharynx with 10 papillae (Figs 51 A, 52 E), each papilla with short cilia (Fig. 52 F). Proventricle, longer than pharynx, extending through 3 segments, with 25 – 30 muscle cell rows. Pygidium small, with 2 anal cirri with dark inclusions, inflated and oval (Fig. 50 B).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A23DFFF4AB00272BFDBDF83D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is similar to P. brevicirra Hartmann- Schröder, 1979 (see below) but P. alternocirra has short and long dorsal cirri alternating along the anterior part of the body, distinct dark inclusions on the median antenna and large dorsal cirri, a colour pattern, and some dorsal compound chaetae on anterior and midbody parapodia with bidentate blades. In contrast, P. brevicirra has only unidentate chaetae, dorsal cirri not as inflated and lacks dark inclusions on the antennae and cirri, and is colourless. The specimen reported as Opisthosyllis brevicirra by Hartmann- Schröder (1982) belongs to this new species and differs from the holotype of the taxon. Habitat. Occurring in algae, seagrasses, and sponges; from intertidal to shallow depths.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A23DFFF4AB00272BFDBDF83D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (Western Australia).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A23DFFF4AB00272BFDBDF83D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name refers to the alternating sizes of the dorsal cirri along the body.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A23EFF8AAAF92310FAD7F8CB.taxon	description	Fig. 54 A – K	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A23EFF8AAAF92310FAD7F8CB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE (AM W 28949) AUSTRALIA: WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Inshore limestone reef, Ned’s Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21 ° 59 ' S 113 ° 55 ' E, Caulerpa sp., 1 m, coll. J. K. Lowry, 2 Jan 1984.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A23EFF8AAAF92310FAD7F8CB.taxon	description	Description. Complete specimen. Body broad and robust anteriorly, tapered posteriorly, 7.8 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, with 63 chaetigers. Segmented pigmentation absent, but median antenna and anterior dorsal cirri each with 2 dark transverse areas, large dorsal cirri with more extensive pigmented area, anal cirri with single transverse band of pigment (Fig. 54 A, C, D). Dorsal and ventral surfaces densely covered with small, rounded papillae (Fig. 54 A). Prostomium rectangular, with 2 pairs of eyes arranged almost in line. Lateral antennae inserted in front of eyes, relatively short and slender; median antenna longer and thicker than lateral antennae, arising between eyes (Fig. 54 A). Palps broad, as wide as prostomium, ventrally folded (Fig. 54 A, B). Peristomium dorsally reduced, covered by chaetiger 1; dorsal tentacular cirri similar in shape to median antenna slightly longer and thicker, ventral tentacular cirri similar but smaller than dorsal ones. Dorsal cirri of chaetigers 1, 4, and 6 distinctly longer and larger than remaining dorsal cirri, inflated, except for chaetiger 6, with digitiform, non-pigmented terminal lobe, arising dorsolaterally (Fig. 54 A). Remaining dorsal cirri with cirrophores; cirrostyles tapered, fusiform, shorter than half of body width, with 1 – 2 bands of dark pigment, midbody dorsal cirri lacking such pigment (Fig. 54 D); posterior dorsal cirri oval, shorter than those of anterior chaetigers. Parapodia with anterior and posterior lobes (Fig. 54 D). Compound chaetae with thick shafts, distally provided with strong serration, and short, strongly bidentate blades, with short, few spines on margin; anterior parapodia with about 15 compound chaetae, blades slender (Fig. 54 F), about 13 µm in length. Compound chaetae becoming progressively thicker posteriorly, with blades bidentate; about 10 – 14 compound chaetae on midbody parapodia, blades 10 – 12 µm in length, terminal teeth increasing in size ventrally within fascicle (Fig. 54 G). Number of compound chaetae per parapodium decreasing posteriorly, with only 3 on most posterior parapodia, similar to those of midbody (Fig. 54 I). Dorsal simple chaetae on posterior parapodia, distally serrated and bifid (Fig. 54 J). Ventral simple chaetae on most posterior parapodia, thick, strongly bidentate, smooth on margin (Fig. 54 K). Anterior parapodia with 3 aciculae, distally rounded (Fig. 54 E), posteriorly single acicula present, slightly bent at tip (Fig. 54 H). Pharynx wide, through 3 – 4 segments; pharyngeal tooth located posteriorly. Proventricle similar in size to pharynx, with 30 – 35 muscle cell rows. Pygidium trapezoidal; anal cirri larger than posterior dorsal cirri, oval to egg-shaped.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A23EFF8AAAF92310FAD7F8CB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is easily distinguished from the other members of this genus by the shape of the enlarged dorsal cirri of chaetigers 1, 4, and 6, the pigment pattern present on the dorsal cirri and median antenna, and the presence of compound chaetae with strongly bidentate blades.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A240FF88A991209FFC04FEE5.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Pionosyllis compacta Malmgren, 1867 by monotypy.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A240FF88A991209FFC04FEE5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body ranges from meiofaunal to macrofaunal size (<5 to> 10 mm in length), dorsally convex. Prostomium with 4 eyes, sometimes also pair of eyespots, sometimes without eyes. Three antennae. Prostomium sometimes with cheeks or lobes on large specimens. Median antenna inserted on middle of prostomium or anteriorly. Palps fused at bases, with dorsal furrow, or free from each other. Two pairs of tentacular cirri. Nuchal organs as 2 ciliated grooves between prostomium and peristomium. Antennae, tentacular cirri and dorsal cirri smooth, sometimes rugose, long, filiform, all similar; weakly articulated on some species. Ventral cirri not fused to parapodial lobes, those of anterior parapodia somewhat inflated on some species, inserted basally or distally on parapodial lobes. Heterogomph compound chaetae with bidentate falcigerous blades, teeth similar in size; some dorsal anterior and midbody falcigers slightly longer than others, decreasing in size in dorsoventral gradation within fascicle; some species with hemigomph or homogomph articulations and blades of compound chaetae different to those described above. Dorsal and ventral simple chaetae on some posterior parapodia, bidentate, with both teeth similar, sometimes absent. Parapodia with or without prechaetal lobes. Pharynx and proventricle similar in size. Pharyngeal tooth anteriorly located, some species with tooth on middle of pharynx. Reproduction by epigamy. Pygidium small, with 2 smooth anal cirri.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A240FF88A991209FFC04FEE5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pionosyllis as above defined is a heterogeneous, probably a polyphyletic group in need of revision. Currently, GSM and other authors are preparing a major revision of the group.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A244FF8DAA882252FA3CF9BA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE (HMZ P- 15474), PARATYPES (HMZ P- 15475, P- 21018, P- 16796) AUSTRALIA: WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Broome, 17 ° 58 ' S 122 ° 14 ' E, mangrove, sand & detritus, intertidal. NEW SOUTH WALES: Palm Beach, Pittwater, 33 ° 35 ' S 151 ° 19 ' E, Halophila & Posidonia seagrass beds, sand, 3 m, coll. J. K. Lowry & R. T. Springthorpe, 28 Apr 1983, 3 (AM W 28406) + 1 on SEM stub (AM W 28898); Midstream between Juno Head & Hungry Beach, Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 34 ' S 151 ° 16 ' E, muddy sand, 10 m, coll. A. R. Jones & C. Watson-Russell, 12 Jan 1977, 1 (AM W 22130). SOUTH AUSTRALIA: 1 km NW of 5 th Creek, Port Pirie, Spencer Gulf, 33 ° 12 ' S 137 ° 55 ' E, 0.8 m, Zostera, T. J. Ward et al. coll, Mar 1980, 1 (AM W 22106), 1 (AM W 22105); Boston Bay, Port Lincoln, 34 ° 51 ' S 135 ° 51 ' E, washings from sheltered weedy rocks, 2 m, coll. I. Loch, 12 Feb 1985, 1 on SEM stub (AM W 28880). QUEENSLAND: Halifax Bay, 19 ° 10 ' S 146 ° 44 ' E, 5 m, Queensland Nickel, Feb 1985, Judell, Platt, Thomas & Assoc., 2 (AM W 28206). Halifax Bay, 19 ° 10 ' S 146 ° 44 ' E, 5 m, Queensland Nickel, Feb 1985, Judell, Platt, Thomas & Assoc., 2 (AM W 28459). Triangular Islets, Shoalwater Bay, 22 ° 23 ' 150 ° 31 ' E, J. A. Lewis & J. R. Forsyth, 1981, 17 (AM W 202630); Heron Island, 23 ° 27 ' S 151 ° 55 ' E, sand, intertidal, (HMZ P- 21018, P- 16796).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A244FF8DAA882252FA3CF9BA.taxon	description	Description. Body fragile, holotype 3.8 mm long with 36 chaetigers, longest specimen 4.9 mm long, with 52 chaetigers; normally colourless, but some with black spots. Anterior part of body enlarged, after proventricle, body Fig. 58. SEM of Pionosyllis augeneri Hartmann-Schröder, 1979. (A) incomplete specimen, dorsal view; (B) anterior compound chaetae; (C) long, spiniger-like compound chaetae, anterior parapodium; (D) falcigers, midbody; (E) compound chaetae, midbody; (F) falcigers with long basal spines, posterior parapodium. AM W 28898. becoming thinner. Prostomium pentagonal, sometimes eyes absent in fixed material, but normally 4 eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement (Fig. 57 A). Antennae cylindrical, smooth, long; median antenna inserted between posterior eyes, longer than combined length of prostomium and palps; lateral antennae inserted close to anterior eyes, shorter than median antenna. Palps longer than prostomium, triangular, basally fused (Figs 57 A, 58 A). Peristomium similar in length to subsequent segments; tentacular cirri similar to antennae; usually dorsal tentacular cirri longer than ventral tentacular cirri. Some dorsal cirri of anterior segments long, slender, filiform, others slightly shorter than body width, rest shorter than half of body width (Figs 57 A, 58 A); on midbody dorsal cirri alternating long and short. Parapodia of anterior segments large, subrectangular, becoming slender from proventricle segments (Fig. 57 A). Ventral cirri digitiform, shorter than parapodial lobes. Anterior segments with transverse row of long cilia; from proventricular segments, 2 rows of dorsal cilia per segment (Fig. 57 A). Anterior parapodia with numerous compound chaetae, about 15, with elongated blades, distally stout, with short subdistal tooth, and coarse spines on margin (Figs 57 B, 58 B, C), spines slightly longer on ventral chaetae (Fig. 58 D); from proventricle posteriorly, some compound chaetae becoming more elongated, spiniger-like, with filiform blades, apparently unidentate (Figs 57 C, 58 E); other chaetae with blades falcigerous, distally rounded, with subdistal tooth, and long spines distally directed (Fig. 57 D). Posteriorly, falcigers with shorter blades, with longer and thinner spines on margin, especially basally (Fig. 57 F), and longer spiniger-like chaetae (Fig. 57 E). Midbody and posterior parapodia with 1 spiniger-like chaetae and 6 falcigers; posteriorly 1 spiniger-like and 4 falcigers (Figs 57 F, 58 F), some with long basal spines on margin. Dorsal simple chaetae from midbody, distally provided with spines of varying length (Fig. 57 G), longer spines on posterior parapodia (Fig. 57 H). Ventral simple chaetae on posterior parapodia, distally bidentate, both teeth similar and well separated, with some long subdistal spines (Fig. 57 I). Habitat. Occurring in coarse coralline sand, muddy sand, and sediment in seagrasses beds, from intertidal to shallow depths.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A246FF8DA92B22C6FAF6F83D.taxon	description	Fig. 59 A – E	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A246FF8DA92B22C6FAF6F83D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 5 km offshore, Bush Bay, 30 km S of Carnarvon, 25 ° 10 ' S 113 ° 39 ' E, strap-leaved seagrass beds, 2 m, coll. J. K. Lowry & R. T. Springthorpe, 6 Jan 1984, 1 (AM W 28944).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A248FF83AAFD2498FDE6F835.taxon	description	Fig. 60 A – I	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A248FF83AAFD2498FDE6F835.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Syntype 1 (HZM V- 7951) AUSTRALIA: WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Sharks Bay, Surf Point, Outer Bar, 25 ° 16 ' S 113 ° 28 ' E, 1 – 3.5 m, 16 Jun 1905.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A248FF83AAFD2498FDE6F835.taxon	description	Description. Specimen in poor condition, covered with crystals of formalin. Body fragile, without colour pattern, but dark, cylindrical, flattened ventrally, convex dorsally, 4 mm long, 0.5 mm wide for 38 chaetigers, incomplete. According to Augener (1913), dorsal cirri, prostomium and palps pigmented brown and anterior segments with brown dorsal bands. Prostomium sub-quadrangular with rounded corners; 4 eyes almost equal in size, arranged in open trapezoidal pattern; 2 nuchal lobes, kidney shaped, located behind posterior pair of eyes (Fig. 60 A). All antennae located on anterior margin of prostomium, short, similar in shape and size, slightly enlarged distally, as long as prostomium; lateral antennae thinner than median one (Fig. 60 A). Palps broad, large, fused basally, widely separated distally, folded ventrally (Fig. 60 B). Peristomial ring shorter than following segments, dorsally covered between first chaetiger and prostomium and visible only laterally and ventrally, with two pairs of tentacular cirri. Dorsal tentacular cirri and some dorsal cirri similar in shape, smooth, thick, club-shaped, basally slender and gradually becoming wider distally, terminating in globular papillae; most anterior cirri slightly shorter than middle and posterior cirri (Fig. 60 B); ventral tentacular cirri similar in shape and size to lateral antennae. Long, club-shaped dorsal cirri alternating with shorter, thinner, digitiform cirri, as long as half of body width (Fig. 60 A). Ventral cirri conical to digitiform, distally pointed, almost as long as parapodia. Parapodia with prechaetal lobe larger than postchaetal one (Fig. 60 C, D). Compound chaetae heterogomph falcigers; shafts with distal short spines; blade tips bidentate, distal tooth hooked, proximal tooth similar in size to distal one (Fig. 60 E, H, I). About 12 compound chaetae on anterior parapodium, number progressively decreasing posteriorly; dorsalmost compound chaetae on each parapodium with elongate, slender, minutely bidentate blade, with numerous fine, short spines on edge, 60 µm in length on anterior parapodia, shorter, about 36 µm in length, posteriorly. Blades of remaining chaetae more strongly bidentate, all similar in shape with slight dorsoventral and anteroposterior gradation in size, blades progressively becoming shorter and wider posteriorly, about 54 µm in length dorsally and 28 µm in length ventrally on anterior parapodia; blades on posterior parapodia about 31 µm in length dorsally and 20 µm in length ventrally (Fig. 60 H, I). Anterior parapodia with 2 straight, thick, acuminate, distally pointed aciculae; posterior parapodia with single acicula (Fig. 60 F, G). Pharynx, removed from specimen, reaching segment 4, pharyngeal tooth on segment 2 (fide Augener, 1913). Proventricle barrel shaped, extending through 3 chaetigers (from 4 to 7) (Fig. 60 A) with about 18 muscle cell rows. Habitat. Occurring in depths of 1 to 3.5 m.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A248FF83AAFD2498FDE6F835.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (Western Australia).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A248FF80A9702498FCBFF97D.taxon	description	Fig. 61 A – F	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A248FF80A9702498FCBFF97D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES: Angourie Point, 29 ° 29 ' S 153 ° 22 ' E, algal beds, intertidal, holotype of Typosyllis (Langerhansia) longisetosa, (HZM P- 19661), paratype (HZM P- 19962). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Goss Passage, Beacon Is., 28 ° 25.5 ' S 113 ° 47 ' E, dead coral substrate, in fine sediment at foot of reef slope, P. A Hutchings, 23 May 1994, 4 (AM W 28386); NE entrance to Goss Passage, Beacon Is, 28 ° 27.9 ' S 113 ° 46.7 ' E, terebellids on rocks in coral sand at foot of slope, 33 m, P. A. Hutchings, 25 May 1994. 1 (AM W 26455); inshore limestone reef, Ned’s Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21 ° 59 ' S, fine sediment & sand from patches between reefs, H. E. Stoddart, 2 Jan 1984, 4 (AM W 26785); 5 km offshore Bush Bay, 30 km S of Carnarvon 25 ° 10 ' S 113 ° 55 ' E, shallow strap-leaved seagrass beds, 2 m, coll. J. K. Lowry & R. T. Springthorpe, 6 Jan 1984, 1 (AM W 28926); Descartes Is., Kimberleys, 14 ° 11 ' S 125 ° 40 ' E, sandflats & mangroves, coll. P. A. Hutchings, 20 July 1988, 1 (AM W 28397).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A248FF80A9702498FCBFF97D.taxon	description	Description. Body 1.4 mm long, 0.2 mm wide, with 53 chaetigers. Prostomium oval to circular, with 4 eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement (Fig. 61 A), absent in some specimens (probably lost after fixation); median antenna about two and half times longer than combined length of prostomium and palps, inserted between posterior eyes; lateral antennae slightly shorter than median antenna, inserted near anterior margin. Palps broad, longer than prostomium (Fig. 61 A). Peristomium shorter than following segments; dorsal tentacular cirri elongated, filiform, similar to median antenna, ventral tentacular cirri smaller. Dorsal cirri elongate, slender, smooth, filiform, varying in length in different specimens and in each specimen, some cirri long, several times longer than body width, and some cirri shorter than body width, alternating irregularly (Fig. 61 A). Anterior parapodia broad, becoming conical and slender from proventricle segments onwards. Ventral cirri digitiform, shorter than parapodial lobes anteriorly, elongated on posterior parapodia, longer than parapodial lobes. Compound chaetae similar throughout, including 1 – 2 long, slender, filiform spiniger-like chaetae, 180 µm in length, 1 – 2 falcigers with bidentate blades, provided with long spines on margin, especially basally, and distal spines extending beyond level of distal tooth, straight margin of blade with convex curvature proximally then concave subdistally (Fig. 61 C), 45 – 47 µm in length, and about 5 chaetae with bidentae blades, with long distal spines, and short basal spines (Fig. 61 D) and dorsoventral gradation in length within fascicle, 40 µm in length dorsally, 25 µm in length ventrally. Dorsal simple chaetae from proventricle segments, with distinct, short spines on margin (Fig. 61 E). Ventral simple chaetae on posterior segments, distinctly bidentate, proximal tooth prominent, slightly longer than distal tooth, and some thin spines on margin, distal one longer than others, extending to level of distal tooth. Aciculae distally knobbed, with 2 lateral, unequal lobes (Fig. 61 F); 2 aciculae on anterior parapodia. Pharynx slender, through about 6 – 7 segments (Fig. 61 A). Proventricle through 4 – 6 segments, with about 24 muscle cell rows. Pygidium small, with 2 filiform anal cirri.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A248FF80A9702498FCBFF97D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Hartmann-Schröder described two different species named longisetosa in two different genera, on the	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A248FF80A9702498FCBFF97D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (Queensland, Western Australia).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A24BFF87AB3222B7FA3CF829.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE (AM W 21629) AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES: S of airport runway extension, Botany Bay, 33 ° 58.13 ' S 151 ° 11.16 ' E, muddy sand, 5 m, coll. Australian Museum party, 6 Apr 1992. PARATYPES S of airport runway extension, Botany Bay, 33 ° 58.13 ' S 151 ° 11.16 ' E, muddy sand, 5 m, Australian Museum party, 27 July 1992, 3 on SEM stub (AM W 22117); S of airport runway extension, Botany Bay, 33 ° 58.10 ' 151 ° 11.16 ' E, muddy sand, 5 m, coll. Australian Museum party, 27 July 1992, 2 (AM W 22110); S of airport runway extension, Botany Bay, 33 ° 58.13 ' S 151 ° 11.16 ' E, muddy sand, 5 m, Australian Museum party, 6 Apr 1992, 2 (AM W 22112); S of airport runway extension, Botany Bay, 33 ° 58.13 ' S 151 ° 11.16 ' E, muddy sand, 5 m, coll. Australian Museum party, 27 July 1992, 1 on SEM stub (AM W 22116). S of airport runway extension, Botany Bay, 33 ° 58.13 ' S 151 ° 11.16 ' E, muddy sand, 5 m, coll. Australian Museum party, 27 July 1992, 2 (AM W 22115).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A24BFF87AB3222B7FA3CF829.taxon	description	Description. Body 4.6 mm long, 0.2 mm wide, with 54 chaetigers. Prostomium circular, with 4 eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement (Fig. 63 A); median antenna long, about 3 times longer than combined length of prostomium and palps, inserted between posterior eyes; lateral antennae Fig. 62. SEM of Pionosyllis koolalya n. sp. (A) compound chaeta, midbody; (B) dorsal simple chaeta; (C) ventral simple chaeta and falciger, posterior parapodium. SEM of Pionosyllis heterochaetosa n. sp. (D) anterior end, dorsal view; (E) compound chaetae, anterior parapodium; (F) fascicles of chaetae, midbody. A – C: paratype, AM W 28409; D – F: paratype, AM W 22117. about half or third length of median antenna, inserted near anterior margin. Palps broad, longer than prostomium (Figs 62 D, 63 A). Peristomium shorter than subsequent segments; dorsal tentacular cirri elongated, filiform, similar to median antenna, ventral tentacular cirri smaller. Dorsum of anterior segments each with transverse band of cilia (Figs 62 D, 63 A); double row from proventricle segments onwards. Dorsal cirri elongated, slender, smooth, filiform, varying in length in different specimens and in each specimen, some cirri long, several times longer than body width, and some cirri shorter than body width, alternating irregularly (Figs 62 D, 63 A). Anterior parapodia broad, becoming conical and slender from proventricle segments posteriorly. Ventral cirri digitiform, shorter than parapodial lobes anteriorly, elongated on posterior parapodia, longer than parapodial lobes. Most anterior parapodia with numerous compound chaetae, about 10 – 15, slightly enlarged shafts, and short, bidentate blades, provided with long spines on margin (Figs 62 D, E, 63 B), especially on more dorsal chaetae, extending beyond distal tooth, and dorsoventral gradation in length within fascicle, about 16 µm in length dorsally, 5 – 6 µm in length ventrally. Progressively along body, number of compound chaetae per parapodium decreasing, and blades of more dorsal compound chaetae becoming elongate and more strongly bidentate (Fig. 63 C); on chaetiger 5, blades about 22 µm in length dorsally, 12 µm in length ventrally. From proventricular segments, parapodia with 2 – 3, sometimes only 1, compound chaetae with elongate, Fig. 63. Pionosyllis heterochaetosa n. sp. (A) anterior end, dorsal view; (B) compound chaetae, anteriormost parapodium; (C) compound chaetae, anterior parapodium; (D) spiniger-like compound chaeta, mid-anterior parapodium; (E) compound chaetae, mid-anterior parapodium; (F) spinigerlike compound chaeta, midbody; (G) compound chaetae, midbody; (H) spiniger-like compound chaeta, posterior parapodium; (I) compound chaetae, posterior parapodium; (J) dorsal simple chaeta, anterior parapodium; (K) same, midbody; (L) same, posterior parapodium; (M) ventral simple chaeta; (N) aciculae, anterior parapodium; (O) acicula, posterior parapodium. AM W 21629 (holotype). Scales: A 0.18 mm, B – O 20 µm. spiniger-like blades (Fig. 62 F), about 112 µm in length, weakly bidentate distally, with moderate spines on margin (Fig. 63 D, F, H), and 5 – 6 compound chaetae with falcigerous, bidentate blades, slender, margin with long, distinct, distally pointed basal spines and thin, fine, spines distally (Figs 62 F, 63 E, G, I, 64 B – D), reaching level of distal tooth, and dorsoventral gradation in length within fascicle, 25 µm dorsally, 15 µm ventrally. Dorsal simple chaetae from proventricle segments, distally broad, provided with short spines on margin (Figs 63 J – L, 64 E). Ventral simple chaetae on posterior segments, bidentate, proximal tooth prominent, slightly longer than distal tooth, and some thin spines on margin, 2 – 3 distal ones longer than others, reaching to level of distal tooth (Figs 63 M, 64 F). Aciculae distally knobbed, with 2 lateral, unequal lobes (Fig. 63 O); 2 aciculae on anterior parapodia (Fig. 63 N). Pharynx slender, through about 6 – 7 segments (Fig. 63 A). Proventricle through 6 segments, with about 24 muscle cell rows. Pygidium small, with 2 filiform anal cirri.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A24BFF87AB3222B7FA3CF829.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pionosyllis heterochaetosa n. sp. is characterized by having anterior parapodia without spiniger-like compound chaetae, which appear in post- proventricle segments. Pionosyllis serrata and P. koolalya, described above, also lack spiniger-like chaetae anteriorly, and posteriorly. All other species of the genus (P. hartmannschroederae and P. augeneri described below, as well as P. spinisetosa San Martín, 1990, from Cuba, and P. anophthalma Capaccioni & San Martín, 1989, from the western Mediterranean Sea), have spiniger-like compound chaetae from chaetiger 1 (see San Martín, 1990, 2003), as well as P. longisetosa (Hartmann-Schröder, 1965) from Chile (see Hartmann-Schröder, 1965).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A24BFF87AB3222B7FA3CF829.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (New South Wales). Habitat. Occurring in muddy sand at about 5 m depth.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A24BFF87AB3222B7FA3CF829.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name refers to the presence of different chaetae on anterior segments compared to others.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A24FFF85AB5A2278FB3AF827.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE (AM W 28948) AUSTRALIA: WESTERN AUSTRALIA: N end of beach, Bundegi Reef, Exmouth Gulf, 21 ° 49 ' S 114 ° 11 ' E, rocky rubble, sediment & brown algae with epiphytes, 2 m, coll. H. E. Stoddart, 4 Jan 1984. PARATYPES 2 (AM W 26779) N end of beach, Bundegi Reef, Exmouth Gulf, 21 ° 49 ' S 114 ° 11 ' E, rocky rubble, coralline algae with green epiphyte, 2 m, coll. H. E. Stoddart, 4 Jan 1984.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A24FFF85AB5A2278FB3AF827.taxon	description	Description. Body 6.4 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, slightly broad anteriorly, tapering posteriorly, with 39 chaetigers plus 5 – 6 segments without chaetae (Fig. 65 A, G), darkly for most of length, fused basally, slightly shorter than prostomium (Fig. 65 A). Peristomium similar in length to subsequent segments, with 2 nuchal organs forming ciliated dorsal pits; dorsal tentacular cirri similar in shape and length to median antenna, ventral tentacular cirri similar to lateral ones. Median antenna, dorsal tentacular cirri, and dorsal cirri of chaetigers 1, 4, and 6, enlarged, fusiform, distinctly longer than remaining appendages (Fig. 65 A); remaining dorsal cirri not as fusiform, and shorter, about two thirds length of longer ones. Parapodia with bilobed prechaetal lobe and trilobed postchaetal lobe, medium lobe enlarged at base with rounded tip (Fig. 65 B). Ventral cirri digitiform, shorter than parapodial lobes. Compound chaetae heterogomph, with smooth or nearly smooth shafts Remarks. Pionosyllis kalimna n. sp. is easily distinguished from P. fusigera Augener, 1913, by the compound chaetae that are short with two equally well-developed terminal teeth, enlarged dorsal cirri without a distal button; it also differs in the structure of the parapodia, and the colour pattern, black stripes in P. fusigera, and small red spots in P. kalimna. Habitat. Occurring in rocky rubble, sediment and brown algae with epiphytes, in 2 m depth.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A24FFF85AB5A2278FB3AF827.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (Western Australia).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A24FFF85AB5A2278FB3AF827.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name comes from an aboriginal word, kalimna meaning beautiful.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A251FF9BAAFF2498FEF5F83B.taxon	description	Figs 66 A – F, 67 A – L	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A251FF9BAAFF2498FEF5F83B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. KERGUELEN IS. off Christmas harbour, 49 ° 30 ' S 69 ° 30 ' W, 200 m, coll. H. M. S. Challenger, presented McIntosh, syntype of Eusyllis kerguelensis, BMNH 1885.12.1.142 (1 ant. end + 2 median parts). FALKLAND ISLANDS: Port Albemarle, 52 ° 11 ' S 60 ° 26 ' W, 40 m, sand & algae, coll. Swedish Antarctic Exp. 1901 – 1903, 8 Sept. 1902, Pionosyllis comosa, 2 (SMNH 3332, 3728); Burwood bank, 53 ° 45 ' S 61 ° 10 ' W, 137 – 150 m, shell fragments & stones, coll. Swedish Antarctic Exp. 1901 – 1903, 12 Sept. 1902, P. comosa 1 (SMNH 3660). ARGENTINA: coast of northern Argentina: 37 ° 15 ' S 56 ° 8 ' W, 100 m, sand & gravel, coll. Swedish Antarctic Exped. 1901 – 1903, 23 Dec 1901, P. comosa 1 (SMNH 3826). SOUTH GEORGIA: south fjord in front of Nordenskjöld glacier, 54 ° 24 ' S 36 ° 22 ' W, 210 m, blue grey mud with few small stones, coll. Swedish Antarctic Exp. 1901 – 1903, 29 May 1902, Pionosyllis mm wide for 34 chaetigers; without colour markings (preserved specimens). Prostomium with irregular surface, with longitudinal and transverse grooves forming two posterior cheeks (Fig. 66 A, B); 4 eyes arranged in trapezoidal pattern, anterior pair subequal or smaller than posterior one, located on cheeks and often covered by peristomium and chaetiger 1. Palps broad, long, divergent, distally rounded, slightly longer than prostomium, basally fused, with dorsal furrow (Fig. 66 A, B). Antennae detached or broken in most specimens; much longer than prostomium (according to Hartman, 1964); median antenna more than twice as long as lateral ones (according to Gravier, 1906), originating just in front of median cleft, lateral antennae inserted on anterior margin of prostomium. Peristomium short, dorsally visible, with 2 pairs of tentacular cirri; dorsal tentacular cirri much longer than ventral ones, similar in shape to antennae and dorsal cirri. Long dorsal cirri smooth basally, weakly crenulated distally, about 4 times as long as body width; short dorsal cirri slightly longer than body width, alternating irregularly with long cirri (Fig. 66 B – D). Ventral cirri broad, thick, inflated, almost as large as parapodial lobes on anterior chaetigers (Fig. 66 C, D), except those of chaetigers 1 – 2 (Fig. 66 F), shorter and thinner posteriorly (Fig. 66 E). Parapodial lobes with long digitiform, dorsal prechaetal papilla (Figs 66 C – E). Anterior parapodia with more than 40 compound chaetae, decreasing to about 10 on posterior parapodia. Compound chaetae heterogomph falcigers; shafts increasing in width posteriorly along body and dorsoventrally within fascicle, with spinose endings. Blades bidentate, with short, distally directed spines on margin; with marked dorsoventral and anteroposterior gradation in both shape and size; dorsal blades on anterior and midbody parapodia long, finely spinulated on margin, distal tooth slightly hooked, proximal tooth slightly smaller, ventral blades basally wider, distal tooth hooked and slightly larger than proximal one (Fig. 67 A – C); posterior segments with 1 – 2 dorsal chaetae with elongate, slender blades (Fig. 67 D) and remaining chaetae with dorsoventral gradation (Fig. 67 E, F); in midbody, this arrangement more marked (Fig. 67 G – I); on posterior fascicles, most dorsal chaetae with short blades (Fig. 67 J), blades of remaining falcigers similar in length to dorsal ones, but wider, proximal tooth long, triangular (Fig. 67 K). Blades of anterior compound chaetae about 100 µm in length dorsally, 40 µm in length ventrally; posterior blades 55 µm in length dorsally, 35 µm in length ventrally. Anterior parapodia with 4 – 5 straight, thick, aciculae, pointed tip protruding beyond parapodial lobes; posterior parapodia with 1 – 2 aciculae (Fig. 67 L). Dorsal and ventral simple chaetae not seen. Pharynx wide, everted in some specimens, extending through 8 – 9 chaetigers, with 2 crowns of papillae surrounding opening; pharyngeal tooth conical, located on anterior dorsal rim (Fig. 67 A, B). Proventricle barrel shaped, extending to chaetiger 17 – 18, slightly longer than pharynx. Habitat. Occurring in fine grey sandy mud, volcanic mud, hard bottom, sand and shells, intertidally to 2916 m (Ehlers, 1913).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A251FF9BAAFF2498FEF5F83B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Coast of North Argentina, Antarctic and Subantarctic seas: Kerguelen Is. South Georgia, Falkland Is., Magellan area, Davis Sea, Palmer Archipelago, Drake Passage, South Orkney Is. Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland, Australia (Tasmania, New South Wales), New Zealand, Crozet Is.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A250FF99A9D42498FEE2F839.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE (AM W 28945) AUSTRALIA: SOUTH AUSTRALIA: Speeds Point, Streaky Bay, 32 ° 48 ' S 134 ° 13 ' E, coll. P. A. Hutchings, 14 Mar 1979. PARATYPE 1 on SEM stub (AM W 28409). NEW SOUTH WALES: Bottle & Glass Rocks, Port Jackson, 33 ° 51 ' S 151 ° 16 ' E, substrate unknown, 12 m, coll. G. Clark, 11 Dec 1989. Additional material examined. QUEENSLAND: Heron Is., 23 ° 27 ' S 151 ° 55 ' E, sand, intertidal, coll. G. Hartmann-Schröder, id. as Pionosyllis augeneri (HMZ P- 21018, P- 16796).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A250FF99A9D42498FEE2F839.taxon	description	Description. Holotype 12.8 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, with 71 chaetigers; paratype much smaller. Prostomium oval, with 4 eyes arranged in open trapezoidal pattern (Fig. 68 A). Median antenna long, coiled on holotype, several times longer than combined length of prostomium and palps, inserted between posterior eyes; lateral antennae distinctly shorter than median antenna, inserted near anterior margin of prostomium (Figs 68 A, 69 A – C). Palps broad, similar in length to prostomium or slightly longer. Tentacular and dorsal cirri long, smooth, coiled on holotype, long on anterior segments, becoming shorter on segments beyond proventricle, alternating long cirri (Figs 68 C, 69 A, B), 2 – 3 times as long as body width, and short cirri (Fig. 68 B), slightly shorter than body width; dorsal cirri with cirrophores. Ciliary bands on dorsum of each segment and areas of dorsal cirri (Fig. 68 B – D), distinct on holotype (Fig. 68 A); anterior segments with single ciliary band (Fig. 69 B, C), double from proventricle segments posteriorly (Fig. 69 D). Parapodial lobes conical, ending with 2 lobes (Fig. 68 B, D). Ventral cirri digitiform, shorter than parapodial lobes anteriorly, becoming longer posteriorly (Fig. 68 B, D). Anterior parapodia with about 10 – 14 compound chaetae, slightly enlarged, distally truncated shafts, provided with short subdistal spines, and bidentate blades, both teeth similar, with long spines on margin, pointing distally, those of basal part coarse, distal ones thin, reaching or extending beyond proximal tooth, 1 – 3 slightly longer (Fig. 68 E), rest of chaetae within fascicle with slight dorsoventral gradation in length (Fig. 68 F), 26 µm in length dorsally, 18 µm in length ventrally. Posteriorly, number of compound chaetae per parapodium decreasing, and blades of 1 – 3 most dorsal compound chaetae becoming proportionally longer (Figs 68 H, 69 F) and rest with dorsoventral gradation in length (Figs 68 I, 69 E); midbody parapodia with 1 – 2 compound chaetae with relatively long blades, about 31 µm in length, and 4 compound chaetae 15 – 25 µm in length; proximal tooth proportionally longer than those of anterior chaetae (Fig. 62 A). Posterior parapodia with 1 compound chaeta with long blades (Fig. 68 K), 33 µm long, and 3 compound chaetae, similar to those of midbody, but with distinctly larger proximal tooth (Figs 68 L, 62 C), well separated from distal tooth, 18 – 22 µm in length. Dorsal simple chaetae from midbody, distally bifid to truncate (Figs 68 G, 62 B), thicker posteriorly, with short, coarse spines on margin (Fig. 68 O). Ventral simple chaetae on posterior parapodia, sigmoid, thick, strongly bidentate, both teeth well separated, almost at 90 °, proximal tooth long, broad, slightly hooked, with few, long subdistal spines, surpassing level of proximal tooth (Figs 68 P, 62 C). Two aciculae on anterior segments (Fig. 68 M), 1 from proventricle segments onwards, distally bilobed (Fig. 68 J), thicker on posterior parapodia (Fig. 68 N). Pharynx through about 6 segments, pharyngeal tooth located on anterior rim. Proventricle through 4 segments, with about 26 muscle cell rows. Pygidium small, with 2 anal cirri.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A250FF99A9D42498FEE2F839.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pionosyllis koolalya is similar to P. serrata described above but differs mainly in lacking enlarged anterior parapodia with thick compound chaetae with markedly short blades; remaining compound chaetae are rather similar, but the dorsal simple chaeta of P. koolalya is truncated, and slightly bifid in P. serrata. All other species of the genus are provided with long, spiniger-like chaetae. These two species also have fewer compound chaetae with distinctly longer blades than other chaetae in the fascicle, but they are relatively short and less than half the length of the longest bladed chaetae. Some material of P. augeneri (Hartmann-Schröder, 1991) from Heron Island, Queensland, belong to this new species. Habitat. Unknown, occurring from intertidal to 12 m.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A250FF99A9D42498FEE2F839.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (South Australia, New South Wales, Queensland).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A250FF99A9D42498FEE2F839.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name comes from an aboriginal word, koolalya, meaning feather epaulettes, in reference to the ciliated dorsum.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A252FF92A9DC226BFDDAF835.taxon	description	Figs 46 D – F, 70 A – J, 71 A – F, 72 A – C	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A252FF92A9DC226BFDDAF835.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE (AM W 28454) AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: Outer Yonge Reef, Great Barrier Reef, 14 ° 36 ' S 145 ° 38 ' E, rock with Lithothamnion & Halimeda, 30 m, coll. P. A. Hutchings, 24 Jan 1977. PARATYPE (AM W 28921) Outer Yonge Reef, Great Barrier Reef, 14 ° 36 ' S 145 ° 38 ' E, rock covered with pink coralline algae, encrusting sponges, 9 m, coll. P. A. Hutchings, 21 Jan 1977. Other material examined. NEW SOUTH WALES: Taupo Seamount, Tasman Sea, 33 ° 16.85 ' S 156 ° 09.15 ' E, limestone & sand bottom, 244 m, coll. J. K. Lowry & party on RV Franklin, 2 May 1989, 1 on SEM stub (AM W 28873).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A252FF92A9DC226BFDDAF835.taxon	description	Description. Body slender, filiform (Fig. 46 D), 7 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, 54 chaetigers. Prostomium pentagonal to triangular, with 4 eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement, and sometimes 2 anterior eyespots. After fixation, however, eyes may be absent (Fig. 70 A). Lateral antennae inserted between anterior eyes and eyespots, near anterior margin of prostomium, smooth, similar in length to palps; median antenna arising between posterior eyes, long, often curled, distally pseudoarticulated, broken on holotype (Fig. 70 A), more than twice length of prostomium. Palps longer than prostomium, triangular, directed behind, fused basally. Two transverse, small, ciliated furrows on prostomium (Figs 46 F arrow, 70 A). Peristomium distinct, slightly shorter than subsequent segments; tentacular cirri elongated, dorsal tentacular cirri longer than lateral antennae, shorter than median one, ventral tentacular cirri shorter than dorsal ones (Figs 46 E, F, 70 A). Dorsal cirri of chaetiger 1 long, slender, similar to median antenna, sometimes pseudoarticulated distally. Dorsal cirri short, slightly longer than parapodial lobes, fusiform (Fig. 71 A, B), distally more or less truncated (Fig. 70 A, C), usually with some fibrillar inclusions, with terminal pore (Fig. 71 C arrow). Dorsal cirri absent on chaetiger 2, tuft of cilia present (Fig. 46 E, F arrow). Parapodia conical, with distal papilla (Figs 70 C, 71 A). Ventral cirri digitiform, slender, slightly longer than parapodial lobes on posterior parapodia. Compound chaetae with hemigomph articulation, smooth distally on shafts; blades of 2 kinds, most dorsal chaetae with elongated, short spiniger-like, bidentate blades, spines on margin apparently jointed by membrane (Figs 70 D, I, 71 F), remaining chaetae with short, bidentate blades, with short spines on margin (Figs 70 E, 71 E), more strongly bidentate on posterior parapodia (Figs 70 H, 72 A). Anterior parapodia each with 1 compound chaetae with elongated blade, about 27 µm in length, and 4 chaetae with shorter blades, 17 – 12 µm in length; posterior parapodia with 1 compound chaetae with elongate blade and 2 – 3 short-bladed, all similar in size to anterior ones. Dorsal simple chaetae from midbody, smooth, distally truncate (Fig. 72 B), with small, indistinct hood (Fig. 70 G). Ventral simple chaetae from mid-posterior parapodia, large, acicular, prominent, with subdistal translucent hood, bidentate, proximal tooth long, hooked, distal tooth smaller, also hooked (Figs 70 J, 71 E, 72 C). Anterior parapodia each with 2 aciculae, one straight, other bent at tip (Fig. 70 F); solitary acicula on remaining parapodia, bent tip, thicker than anterior ones. Dark glands on each parapodia from midbody (Fig. 70 B) with dorsal pores (Fig. 71 C, D arrows). Pharynx through about 4 segments; pharyngeal tooth anteriorly located (Fig. 70 A). Proventricle rectangular, through 3 – 4 segments, with 30 – 36 muscle cell rows. Pygidium semi-circular, with 2 long, slender anal cirri (Fig. 70 B), similar in length to median antenna. Mature specimen with notoacicula and natatory chaetae from chaetiger 17. One specimen epigamic, with natatory chaetae on midbody and posterior segments (Fig. 71 B).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A252FF92A9DC226BFDDAF835.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pionosyllis mariae n. sp. is similar to P. weismanni Langerhans, 1879, a worldwide reported species, that probably represents a complex of morphologically similar species (San Martín, 2003), since small differences among specimens from different parts of the world have been reported (see Ben-Eliahu, 1977). The Australian specimens are distinctly smaller than those of the Mediterranean Sea (7 mm versus 18 mm) and lack dorsal cirri on chaetiger 2, which are always present on Mediterranean specimens (see San Martín, 2003). Habitat. Occurring as cryptic species in encrusting communities and in sand, in depths of 9 to 244 m.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A252FF92A9DC226BFDDAF835.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (Queensland, New South Wales).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A252FF92A9DC226BFDDAF835.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is named after María Capa, collaborator and friend. with elongated blades and having distally pointed dorsal simple chaetae; and ventral simple chaetae bidentate with teeth at 90 °. Habitat. Occurring on encrusting Lithothamnion and Halimeda at depths of 30 m.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A252FF92A9DC226BFDDAF835.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (Queensland).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A252FF92A9DC226BFDDAF835.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after María Teresa Aguado (Mayte), collaborator and friend.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A259FF93A9EE22D9FBFFFE49.taxon	description	Fig. 74 A – F	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A259FF93A9EE22D9FBFFFE49.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE (AM W 29230), TASMAN SEA: reef flat near Yoshin Maru Iwaki wreck, Elisabeth Reef, 29 ° 55.48 ' S 159 ° 01.18 ' E, Elisabeth & Middleton Reefs Expedition, St. 43, 14 Dec 1987. PARATYPES 4 (AM W 28840), reef flat near Yoshin Maru Iwaki wreck, Elisabeth Reef, TASMAN SEA, 29 ° 55.48 ' S 159 ° 01.18 ' E, Elisabeth & Middleton Reefs Expedition, St. 43, 14 Dec 1987. Additional material examined. TASMAN SEA: Taupo Seamount, 33 ° 16.51 ' S 156 ° 09.09 ' E, limestone & sand bottom, 244 m, coll. J. K. Lowry, on RV Franklin, 2 May 1989, 3 (AM W 28836).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A259FF93A9EE22D9FBFFFE49.taxon	description	Description. Holotype best preserved individual, incomplete specimen, 2.2 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, with 22 chaetigers. Body fragile, dorsally arched, cylindrical, without colour pattern, yellowish in alcohol. Prostomium oval, with 4 eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement. Antennae damaged; lateral antennae inserted near anterior margin of prostomium, median antenna inserted on middle of prostomium. Palps large, slightly longer than prostomium, free from each other (Fig. 74 A). Nuchal organs ciliated, extending to lateral margins of prostomium (Fig. 74 A). Peristomium dorsally reduced, covered by chaetiger 1. Anteriormost segments short, becoming longer from proventricle onwards. Left dorsal tentacular cirrus missing, right one appears broken; ventral tentacular cirri shorter than dorsal cirri. Dorsal cirri smooth, with distinct cirrophores, elongated, alternating irregularly long and short (Fig. 74 A), long cirri similar in length to body width, shorter cirri less than half length of longer ones. Parapodial lobes conical. Ventral cirri elongated, similar in length to parapodial lobes. Compound chaetae heterogomph, blades of two kinds, spiniger-like and falcigers. Midbody parapodia with 2 spiniger-like chaetae, with short spines on margin, distinctly bidentate, distal tooth hooked, and proximal tooth curved, with tendon contacting with margin, about 40 – 35 µm long (Fig. 74 C), and 8 – 11 falcigers, strongly bidentate, long and hooked distal tooth and long, curved proximal tooth, provided with distinct tendon contacting with edge of blade, slight dorsoventral gradation in length of blades within fascicle, 25 µm dorsally and 15 µm ventrally (Fig. 74 D), with thin spines on margin. Anteriormost parapodia with 1 – 2 distinctly long, slender, spiniger-like chaetae present, blades about 86 µm in length, bidentate, with both blades similar in size, proximal tooth slightly recurved, but without tendon (Fig. 74 B). Dorsal and ventral simple chaetae not seen. Aciculae tricuspid, 3 on anterior parapodia (Fig. 74 E), 2 on midbody parapodia (Fig. 74 F). Pharynx wide, though about 7 – 8 segments; pharyngeal tooth conical, located in front of middle of pharynx (Fig. 74 A). Proventricle through 7 segments, similar in size to pharynx, with about 28 muscle cell rows.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A259FF93A9EE22D9FBFFFE49.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pionosyllis rousei n. sp. is characterized by having compound chaetae distinctly bidentate, with both teeth similar and well separated from each other. Pionosyllis serratisetosa (López, San Martín & Jiménez, 1997), from southwestern Mediterranean has similar chaetae, but the teeth on the blades are not separated and are smaller, the blades have a different shape; long spiniger-like compound chaetae are absent, and the pharyngeal tooth is located near anterior margin of pharynx. Pionosyllis longocirrata (Saint- Joseph, 1887), from the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, also has the pharyngeal tooth located more anteriorly than P. rousei, and the blades of compound chaetae either have a minute distal tooth or none (see San Martín, 2003, for more details). Pionosyllis templadoi (San Martín, 1991) from Cuba has a similar body and the position of pharyngeal tooth is also similar. The blades of compound chaetae, however, have a small distal tooth and an elongated proximal tooth (San Martín, 1991). Pionosyllis luquei (San Martín, 1990), also from Cuba, has similar compound chaetae, although not as strongly hooked, with well-developed teeth, but the dorsal cirri are shorter, and the pharyngeal tooth is located more posteriorly (San Martín, 1990). Habitat. Substrate unknown, recorded from 244 m depth.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A259FF93A9EE22D9FBFFFE49.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tasman Sea (Elisabeth and Middleton Reef).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A259FF93A9EE22D9FBFFFE49.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after Dr Greg Rouse, an Australian Polychaetologist.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A258FF91A92A25CFFF78F850.taxon	description	Figs 72 D – F, 75 A – N, 76 A – F, 77 A – F	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A258FF91A92A25CFFF78F850.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES: East of Bondi, 33 ° 53.1 ' S 151 ° 17.4 ' E, sand, 30 m, Fisheries Research Institute, 24 July 1989, 2 (AM W 24373); Bass Point, 34 ° 36 ' S 150 ° 54 ' E, 50 m, coll. The Ecology Lab, Ready Mixed Industries, 1 Feb 1990, 3 (AM W 28922); Bass Point, 34 ° 36 ' S 150 ° 54 ' E, 50 m, coll. The Ecology Lab, Ready Mixed Industries, 1 Feb 1990, 2 on SEM stub (AM W 28913).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A258FF91A92A25CFFF78F850.taxon	description	Description. Body fragile (Fig. 72 D), 8.7 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, with 77 chaetigers, pale in alcohol. Prostomium oval, slightly wider than long, with 4 eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement (Fig. 75 A); median antenna more than twice as long as prostomium and palps together, inserted between posterior eyes, near posterior margin of prostomium; lateral antennae shorter than median antenna, similar or slightly longer than combined length of prostomium and palps, inserted near anterior margin; two tufts of cilia posterior to insertion of lateral antennae (Fig. 72 E). Palps long and basally broad, triangular, longer than prostomium (Figs 72 E, 75 A), free for almost entire length, basally fused. Peristomium dorsally reduced. Anterior segments with single transverse row of cilia (Figs 72 F, 75 A); midbody and posterior segments each with double row of cilia (Fig. 76 A, B). Antennae, tentacular and dorsal cirri long, slender, filiform, smooth, sometimes coiled, of 2 sizes, long and short, long ones distinctly longer than body width, short ones similar in length to half of body width (Figs 72 D, F, 75 A, 76 A, B). Dorsal tentacular cirri long, ventral ones short. Parapodia of anterior 8 – 10 chaetigers enlarged, wide, distally truncated (Fig. 75 A) with several small, rounded lobes distally (Fig. 75 M), and numerous, about 12 – 14 short, broad compound chaetae, with enlarged shafts and short, bidentate blades (Fig. 76 D), about 22 – 16 µm in length, with few, long, thick spines on margin, distal ones extending beyond proximal tooth (Figs 75 B, 76 E). Posterior to proventricle, parapodial lobes becoming conical, slender, with terminal papilla; compound chaetae from proventricle parapodia without enlarged shafts, apparently smooth and distally truncated, and elongated blades with long, thin spines on margin, distally ornamented, distal ones slightly longer than others, extending beyond proximal tooth and sometimes reaching level of distal tooth; most dorsal compound chaetae with more elongate, bidentate blades (Figs 75 C, F, I, 76 F, 77 A), about 40 µm in length on postproventricle segments, 35 µm on midbody parapodia, 42 µm on posterior parapodia, and several compound chaetae with shorter blades, and dorsoventral gradation in length within fascicle (Figs 75 D, G, J, K, 76 F, 77 B, C), 13 – 26 µm on proventricle segments, 16 – 25 µm on midbody parapodia, 16 – 37 µm on posterior parapodia; compound chaetae 8 – 10 on proventricle segments, about 7 on midbody, 4 on posterior parapodia. Blades of posterior chaetae markedly bidentate, both teeth well separated, almost at 90 °, and slightly convex (Figs 75 J, K, 77 D). Dorsal simple chaetae from midbody, distally weakly bifid (Fig. 75 E), with some spines on margin, becoming thicker posteriorly, with shorter spines on margin (Figs 75 H, 77 E). Ventral simple chaetae on posterior parapodia, thick, strongly bidentate, both teeth almost at 90 °, proximal tooth slightly hooked, and few, long spines on margin, extending beyond proximal tooth (Figs 75 L, 77 F). Aciculae distally knobbed, 3 on anterior parapodia (Fig. 75 M), diminishing progressively along body to 1 (Fig. 75 N). Pharynx through about 6 – 7 segments; pharyngeal tooth located anteriorly, surrounded by crown of 10 soft papillae and layer of cilia (Fig. 76 C). Proventricle through 7 segments, with 30 muscle cell rows. Two long, filiform anal cirri (Fig. 72 D). Habitat. Occurring in sandy substrates, from intertidal to about 30 m.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A258FF91A92A25CFFF78F850.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (Western Australia, New South Wales).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A25AFF94A9A82245FD91FCE9.taxon	description	Figs 42 C – F, 49 A – C, 78 A – J	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A25AFF94A9A82245FD91FCE9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE (AM W 28222) AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES: Burrill Rocks, 35 ° 23.39 ' S 150 ° 28.24 ' E, on gorgonacean, 24 m, coll. R. T. Springthorpe, 7 May 1997. PARATYPES 1 (AM W 28401) S ledge, Cook Is., 28 ° 11.65 ' S 153 ° 34.63 ' E, colonial ascidian, 14 m, coll. G. D. F. Wilson, 9 Jun 1993; 1 (AM W 28964) N side of Bannister Head, N of Ulladulla, 35 ° 19.15 ' S 150 ° 29.12 ' E, grey sponge from top of boulder, 18 m, K. Attwood, 6 May 1997. Other material examined. TASMAN SEA Taupo Seamount, 33 ° 16.85 ' S 156 ° 09.15 ' E, limestone & sand bottom, 244 m, coll. J. K. Lowry & party, on RV Franklin, 2 May 1989, 3 on SEM stub (AM W 28876); Taupo Seamount, 33 ° 16.85 ' S 156 ° 09.15 ' E, limestone & sand bottom, 244 m, coll. J. K. Lowry & party, on RV Franklin, 2 May 1989, few (AM W 28924). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Reef W of groyne, 2 km S of Cape Peron, 32 ° 16 ' S 115 ° 41 ' E, orange sponge in deep channel in limestone reef, 4.5 m, coll. R. T. Springthorpe, 26 Dec 1984, 1 (AM W 28965).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A25AFF94A9A82245FD91FCE9.taxon	description	Description. Body fragile, slender; only anterior fragments examined; longest anterior fragment 2.4 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, with 21 chaetigers; usually colourless, but some specimens with few dark transverse bands on dorsum of anterior segments, varying in intensity. Posterior to proventricle, segments fused, forming suprasegmental structures of 2 – 3 segments (Fig. 78 A). Prostomium oval, with 4 eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement; antennae irregularly articulated, originating on anterior margin of prostomium, median antenna inserted slightly posteriorly behind lateral antennae (Figs 42 D, E, 78 A). Median antenna with about 15 articles, about twice combined length of prostomium and palps; lateral antennae about half length of median antenna, with about 6 – 8 articles. Palps blunt, similar in length to prostomium, free from each other, ventrally folded in several specimens (Figs 42 E, 78 B). Peristomium shorter than subsequent segments, forming small, indistinct occipital flap (Fig. 42 C – E); dorsal tentacular cirri irregularly articulated, similar in length to median antenna; ventral tentacular cirri about half length of dorsal ones, almost smooth (Fig. 78 A, B). Nuchal organs as 2 dorsal densely ciliated grooves between prostomium and peristomium (Figs 42 D, E, 78 A). Dorsal cirri of chaetiger 1 elongated, articulated, with about 13 irregular compound chaetae, anterior parapodium; (D) falcigers, anterior parapodium; (E) spiniger-like compound chaeta, midbody; (F) falcigers, midbody; (G – J) gradation on number and shape of aciculae from anterior parapodia to midbody. AM W 28876. Scales: A 0.18 mm, B 97.5 µm, C – J 20 µm. articulations; dorsal cirri of remaining anterior parapodia slightly elongated, rugose, shorter than body width, becoming progressively shorter and smooth along body; midbody dorsal cirri alternating in length, longer ones about half of length of body width, shorter ones about two thirds length of longer ones (Fig. 78 A). Parapodial lobes conical; ventral cirri digitiform, slightly shorter than parapodial lobes; ventral cirri of chaetiger 1 leaf-like, enlarged, located mid ventrally (Fig. 78 B). Anterior parapodia with about 2 – 3 compound chaetae with slender, spiniger-like blades bidentate, with short spines on margin (Figs 78 C, 49 A), blades about 36 µm in length; 8 – 10 compound falcigerous chaetae with distinctly shorter blades, similar in shape but slightly larger (Figs 78 D, 49 B), with dorsoventral gradation within fascicle, 22 µm in length dorsally, 15 µm in length ventrally. Progressively along body, number of compound chaetae with elongated blades decreases to 1 – 2 in midbody, 32 µm in length, remaining compound chaetae, about 6, with shorter and wider blades, about 10 µm in length, with prominent proximal tooth, similar in size to distal tooth or longer (Fig. 78 E, F). Dorsal and ventral simple chaetae not seen. Anterior parapodia with 2 tricuspid aciculae (Fig. 78 G), proventricular segments with single acicula, becoming progressively larger (Fig. 78 H, I), extending beyond parapodial lobes, with large tooth and 2 smaller ones (Fig. 78 J), similar in shape to subacicular hooks in eunicids (Fig. 49 C). Pharynx proportionally long and slender (Fig. 78 A), through 8 – 9 segments, anterior rim with crown of 10 soft papillae and layer of cilia (Fig. 42 F); pharyngeal tooth small, located slightly behind anterior rim. Proventricle about half of pharynx length, with about 20 muscle cell rows. Details of posterior segments unknown. Remarks. Pionosyllis yolandae n. sp. is similar to Pionosyllis aciculata San Martín, 1990, from Cuba; but, this latter species has much shorter compound chaetae, with typical dorsoventral gradation in length of blades within a fascicle, and lacks elongated, spiniger-like compound chaetae (San Martín, 1990). Pionosyllis lamelligera (Saint- Joseph, 1887) has spiniger-like chaetae, but it lacks the characteristic enlarged, tridentate aciculae, and the posterior falcigers have the proximal tooth longer than distal tooth present, whereas in Pionosyllis yolandae the teeth are of similar size (San Martín, 2003, for a description of Pionosyllis lamelligera). Habitat. Occurring on gorgonaceans, ascidians, sponges, and in sand, from 14 to 244 m depths.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A25AFF94A9A82245FD91FCE9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (New South Wales, Western Australia).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A25AFF94A9A82245FD91FCE9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after Miss Yolanda Lucas, who helped us in many ways, especially collaborating with us on the illustrations of this paper.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A261FFABA94521C5FD5EF838.taxon	description	Fig. 81 E	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A261FFABA94521C5FD5EF838.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES: Bass Point, 34 ° 36 ' S 150 ° 54 ' E, 50 m, 1 Feb 1990, 1 (AM W 22989).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A261FFABA94521C5FD5EF838.taxon	description	Description. Body slender, with numerous segments. Incomplete specimen, 4.2 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, with 31 chaetigers; an entire individual, may reach 10 mm or more. Prostomium pentagonal to triangular, with 2 pairs of eyes arranged in open trapezoidal pattern, and 2 anterior eyespots (Fig. 81 A). Median antenna inserted between anterior eyes, slightly longer than combined length of prostomium and palps, lateral antenna in front of anterior eyes. Palps small, triangular, basally fused, shorter than prostomium (Fig. 81 A). Peristomium slightly shorter than following segments; dorsal tentacular cirri longer than lateral antennae, shorter than median, ventral tentacular cirri shorter than dorsal ones. Dorsal cirri similar in shape to antennae and tentacular cirri, smooth, elongated, relatively short, shorter than body width (Fig. 81 A), detached on most parapodia. Ventral cirri triangular, similar in length to parapodial lobes. Compound chaetae heterogomph falcigers, blades with indistinct distal	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A261FFAAA9F12498FBE0FA4D.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Opisthodonta pterochaeta Southern, 1914, herein designated.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A261FFAAA9F12498FBE0FA4D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body long, slender, tapered anteriorly and posteriorly, with numerous segments. Prostomium pentagonal to triangular, with 4 eyes and 2 anterior eyespots. Three antennae. Palps short, fused basally, triangular in shape. Nuchal organs as 2 ciliated grooves between peristomium and prostomium. Two pairs of tentacular cirri. Antennae, tentacular and dorsal cirri elongated, smooth, distally tapered. Ventral cirri triangular. Compound chaetae with translucent hood on margin, ornamented with several rows of minute spines. Dorsal simple chaetae with translucent hood. Ventral simple chaetae probably absent. Aciculae of several anterior parapodia distinctly enlarged. Pharynx and proventricle long, pharyngeal tooth located laterally and distinctly posteriorly, close to proventricle. Reproduction by epigamy.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A261FFAAA9F12498FBE0FA4D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species Opisthodonta pterochaeta differs in several characters from the emended diagnosis of Opisthodonta, such as having palps fused basally, pharyngeal tooth located laterally, extremely long pharynx and proventricle, and, also having enlarged aciculae on several anterior segments and with different types of chaetae. As suggested by Kudenov & Harris (1995), a new genus was needed for this species. Streptodonta n. gen., is similar to Streptosyllis in having enlarged aciculae on some anterior parapodia, but differs in having a pharyngeal tooth, much longer pharynx and proventricle, and in the shape of the compound chaetae. It is probably more closely related to Psammosyllis Westheide, 1990, than to Opisthodonta, sharing with the former some unusual characters, such as the position of the pharyngeal tooth (see Westheide, 1990).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A261FFAAA9F12498FBE0FA4D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of the new genus is a combination of the prefix streptos, from the Greek, meaning twisted, (in reference to Streptosyllis), and the suffix donta, (in reference to Opisthodonta), because it shares characters of both genera, thick, enlarged aciculae, like those present in Streptosyllis and a posterior pharyngeal tooth, like those present in Opisthodonta.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A260FFA8A9502274FACFFEAE.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Streptosyllis arenae Webster & Benedict, 1884, by monotypy.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A260FFA8A9502274FACFFEAE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body small (<5 mm in length), with up to about 40 chaetigers, usually 20 – 30. Prostomium with 4 eyes and 2 anterior eyespots. Three antennae. Palps fused at bases, without median furrow, sometimes terminating with 2 papillae, occasionally reduced and only papillae visible. Nuchal organs as 2 ciliated grooves between prostomium and peristomium. Dorsal cirri usually smooth or indistinctly articulated, club-shaped to elongated, sometimes with glandular inclusions. Ventral cirri digitiform, sometimes distinctly longer than parapodial lobes and pseudoarticulated, arising from middle of parapodial lobes. Compound chaetae, homogomph to hemigomph, blades falcigerous or, exceptionally, some spiniger-like chaetae. Dorsal simple chaetae present usually from chaetiger 1. Ventral simple chaetae absent. Aciculae from some anterior parapodia distinctly enlarged. Pharynx unarmed, provided with crown of soft papillae. Proventricle with poorly defined muscle cell rows. Reproduction by epigamy (Garwood, 1991).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A263FFA8AAAB278CFA09F83D.taxon	description	Figs 82 A – I, 83 A – F	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A263FFA8AAAB278CFA09F83D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES: Weeney Bay, Botany Bay, 34 ° 01.3 ' S 151 ° 09.7 ' E, mud, 1 m, coll. A. Roach & A. Jones, 30 Mar 1995, 1 (AM W 23562); Weeney Bay, Botany Bay, 34 ° 01.3 ' S 151 ° 09.7 ' E, mud, 1 m, coll. A. Roach & A. Jones, 30 Mar 1995, 1 (AM W 23567). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Bush Bay, 30 km S of Carnarvon, 25 ° 10 ' S 113 ° 39 ' E, lumps of algae on shallow sandflats, intertidal, coll. H. E. Stoddart, 6 Jan 1984, 2 (AM W 27654); inshore limestone reef, Ned’s Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21 ° 59 ' S 113 ° 55 ' E, fine sediment & sand from patches in reef, 1 m, coll. H. E. Stoddart, 2 Jan 1984, 2 (AM W 26782); N end of beach, Bundegi Reef, Exmouth Gulf, 21 ° 49 ' S 114 ° 11 ' E, rocky rubble, coralline algae with green epiphyte, 1.5 m, coll. H. E. Stoddart, 4 Jan 1984, 1 on SEM stub (AM W 28370).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A263FFA8AAAB278CFA09F83D.taxon	description	Description. Up to 4.9 mm long for 36 chaetigers (mature specimen), but usually smaller; examined specimens up to 1.4 mm long, 0.2 mm wide, with 23 chaetigers; fragile, often broken and damaged. Prostomium oval, with 4 eyes arranged in an open trapezoidal pattern and 2 anterior eyespots (Fig. 82 A). Antennae smooth, club-shaped, similar in length to prostomium or longer, median antenna inserted between anterior eyes, lateral antennae inserted near eyespots. Palps reduced to 2 small, sometimes indistinct papillae (Figs 82 A, 83 B). Peristomium shorter than subsequent segments; tentacular cirri similar to antennae, dorsal ones slightly longer than ventral tentacular cirri. Dorsal cirri similar in shape and size to antennae (Fig. 82 A) with distinct cirrophores. Parapodial lobes elongated, subrectangular, ending as rounded lobe (Fig. 82 B), those of chaetigers 2 – 6 enlarged and truncated distally. Ventral cirri digitiform, elongated, longer than parapodial lobes, arising from about middle of ventral side of parapodial lobes (Figs 82 B, 83 A). Compound chaetae with homogomph articulations on anterior parapodia (Figs 82 C, D, 83 D), and hemigomph on mid to posterior parapodia (Figs 82 F, 83 C), provided with distinct subdistal spine on shafts, and bidentate blades, with short spines on margin. Anterior parapodia with 2 compound chaetae with elongate blades, about 21 µm long, distinctly bidentate, both teeth well separated (Figs 82 C, 83 D), and 6 compound chaetae with shorter blades (Fig. 82 D), within fascicle blades 10 µm in length dorsally, 6 µm in length ventrally; difference between 2 types of chaetae becoming progressively less marked along body; posterior parapodia with 6 compound chaetae (Fig. 82 F), bidentate with short spines on margin, dorsoventral gradation in length of blades within fascicle, 25 µm long dorsally, 9 µm long ventrally. Dorsal simple chaetae from chaetiger 1, unidentate, with minute serration on margin and distinct concave, translucent hood, covering tip of chaetae, small on simple chaetae of anterior parapodia (Figs 82 E, 83 E) but becoming more developed posteriorly (Figs 82 G, H, 83 F). Aciculae knobbed at tips, enlarged on chaetigers 2 – 6 (Fig. 82 I). Pharynx extending through 3 – 4 segments, with crown of 10 soft papillae on margin (Fig. 83 A). Proventricle large, pyriform, extending through about 6 segments and 40 – 48 indistinct muscle cell rows. Pygidium small, with 2 anal cirri and median papilla.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A263FFA8AAAB278CFA09F83D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. All Australian specimens have all dorsal cirri smooth; those from the Seychelles (Böggemann et al., 2003) have longer dorsal cirri, articulated, with two glands on each article, except anteriormost, which are smooth. Until more material is available, it is unknown as to the levels of variation of articulation of dorsal cirri that may occur within a species. So at this stage we are tentatively accepting the records of this species from the Seychelles. Habitat. Occurring interstitially in coralline sand, fine sand, mud, on algae, from intertidal to shallow depths.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A263FFA8AAAB278CFA09F83D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (Western Australia, South Australia, Tasmania, New South Wales), possibly Seychelles Islands.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A262FFAEAA9022D5FB53F838.taxon	description	Fig. 84 A – F	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A262FFAEAA9022D5FB53F838.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: Heron Is., Great BarrierReef, 23 ° 27 ' S 151 ° 55 ' E, coarsesand, intertidal, 4 Feb 1976, coll. G. Hartmann-Schröder, holotype (HZM P- 20545).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A262FFAEAA9022D5FB53F838.taxon	description	Description. Body 2.5 mm long, 0.2 mm wide, with 35 chaetigers, incomplete specimen. Prostomium oval, with 4 large eyes in trapezoidal arrangement. Antennae broken (and not in vial); point of insertion not visible. Palps shorter than prostomium, fused basally. Peristomium well defined, shorter than following segments; dorsal tentacular cirri with about 6 articles, ventral tentacular cirri smooth, shorter than dorsal ones. Most dorsal cirri detached; dorsal cirri with 4 – 7 articles. Enlarged aciculae (Fig. 84 C) from chaetigers 2 – 4, large basally, distally blunt. Subsequent aciculae and aciculae of chaetiger 1, similar but much thinner (Fig. 84 F). Compound chaetae with thick shafts, some of them provided with thin hood distally, and blades distally blunt, unidentate, with short spines on margin, and slight dorsoventral gradation in length of blades within fascicle (Fig. 84 E), 13 µm in length dorsally, 7 µm in length ventrally. Compound chaetae of chaetigers 3 – 4 with distinctly shorter blades, blunt, short, with thick shafts, some covered by translucent hood (Fig. 84 B). Dorsal simple chaetae from chaetiger 1, thick, distally blunt, with hood, longitudinally striated (Fig. 84 A), becoming thicker posteriorly (Fig. 84 D). Ventral simple chaetae absent. Pharynx extends for about 4 segments. Proventricle extending for 3.5 segments, with about 35 muscle cell rows. Habitat. Occurring in coral sand, intertidally.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A262FFAEAA9022D5FB53F838.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (Queensland).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A264FFAFAA952227FAE5FAF6.taxon	description	Fig. 85 A – H	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A264FFAFAA952227FAE5FAF6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Horrocks, algae, seagrass and sand, 28 ° 23 ' S 114 ° 26 ' E, intertidal, 17 Oct 1975, coll. G. Hartmann-Schröder, paratype (HZM P- 16488); Cervantes, 30 ° 30 ' S 115 ° 03 ' E, fine sand and Posidonia, intertidal, coll. G. Hartmann- Schröder, 24 Oct 1975, 1 (HZM P- 17019).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A264FFAFAA952227FAE5FAF6.taxon	description	Description. Body fragile, without colour markings; largest complete specimen 2.8 mm long, 0.2 mm wide, with 37 chaetigers. Prostomium oval, with 4 eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement; tuft of cilia present in front of anterior eyes. Antennae short, smooth, slightly club-shaped; median antenna missing (broken and lost), arising on middle of prostomium; lateral antennae inserted near anterior margin of prostomium (Fig. 85 A). Palps shorter than prostomium, fused basally. Peristomium slightly shorter than following segment, provided with some hyaline inclusions (Fig. 85 A); tentacular cirri similar to lateral antennae in shape; dorsal tentacular cirri slightly longer than lateral antennae, ventral tentacular cirri shorter than dorsal. Transverse row of cilia on dorsum of each segment (Fig. 85 A). Dorsal cirri of anterior 2 – 3 segments similar to antennae and tentacular cirri, although slightly longer. Subsequent dorsal cirri articulated, with few articles, 4 – 6, some of them with granular, dark inclusions. Aciculae slender, distally blunt (Fig. 85 D); enlarged aciculae on chaetigers 2 – 6. Compound chaetae of chaetigers 2 – 6 with thick shafts, short, unidentate blades, some covered by translucent hood, with slight dorsoventral gradation in length of blades within fascicle, 18 µm in length dorsally, and 11 µm in length ventrally (Fig. 85 C). Compound chaetae of subsequent chaetigers with elongate, unidentate, distally blunt blades, with short spines on margin, shafts with thick subdistal spine, and dorsoventral gradation in length within fascicle, 47 µm dorsally, 22 µm ventrally (Fig. 85 F); progressively on following segments, blades becoming slender, and tips indistinctly bidentate (Fig. 85 G). Anterior parapodia with about 6 compound chaetae, reducing to 4 on posterior parapodia. Dorsal simple chaetae from chaetiger 1, thick, distally blunt, with distal, longitudinally striated hood, similar throughout body (Fig. 85 B, E, H). Pharynx long, through about 5 – 6 segments, with distal crown of 10 papillae and subdistal crown of much smaller papillae (Fig. 85 A). Proventricle through about 5 segments, with 35 muscle cell rows. Pygidium small, with two long anal cirri and median short papilla. Habitat. Occurring in algae, seagrass, sand, from intertidal to shallow depths.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A264FFAFAA952227FAE5FAF6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (Western Australia, Victoria).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A264FFAFA9B92150FB45F83A.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Syllides longocirrata Örsted, 1845, designated by Hartman, 1959.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A264FFAFA9B92150FB45F83A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body small, short, with relatively few segments. Prostomium with 4 eyes, typically pair of anterior eyespots. Three antennae. Palps fused basally, without median furrow, sometimes ending with small papilla. Two pairs of tentacular cirri. Nuchal organs as 2 ciliated grooves between prostomium and peristomium. Antennae, tentacular cirri, and dorsal cirri of chaetigers 1 and 2, smooth, nonarticulated, club-shaped to fusiform; dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3 onwards, distinctly articulated, with glandular inclusions on some articles. Ventral cirri digitiform. Compound chaetae heterogomph with blades slender, usually bidentate. Dorsal simple chaetae from anterior segments, usually from chaetiger 1. Ventral simple chaetae present in some species. Pharynx unarmed, with crown of soft papillae. Reproduction by epigamy, some species brood eggs ventrally (Heacox & Schroeder, 1978).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A266FFA2AAE42252FBA5FACB.taxon	description	Figs 86 C – F, 87 A – E	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A266FFA2AAE42252FBA5FACB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES: 1 km SE of Dangar Is., Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 33 ' S 151 ° 14 ' E, shelly mud, 9 m, coll. A. R. Jones & party, 18 Dec 1979, 1 (AM W 28467); Pittwater, 33 ° 35.80 ' S 151 ° 18.31 ' E, muddy sand, 14.4 m, coll. Australian Museum Party, 31 July 1995, 2 (AM W 23927); 1 km SE of Dangar Is., Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 33 ' S 151 ° 14 ' E, shelly mud, 9 m, coll. A. R. Jones & party, 1 Aug 1979, 1 (AM W 28975); 1.5 km SE of Dangar Is., Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 33 ' S 151 ° 14 ' E, sandy mud, 7 m, coll. A. R. Jones & party 18 Dec 1979, 1 (AM W 28976). TASMANIA: Fancy Point, Bruny Is. 43 ° 16 ' S 147 ° 19 ' E, algae, 4 m, coll. G. Edgar, 10 Nov 1980, 1 (AM W 18204). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Inshore limestone reef, Ned’s Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21 ° 59 ' S 113 ° 55 ' E, Caulerpa sp. algae, 1 m, coll. J. K. Lowry, 2 Jan 1984, 1 (AM W 26739); Inshore limestone reef, Ned’s Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21 ° 59 ' S 113 ° 55 ' E, small purple sponge with Caulerpa sp. algae & sticky sediment, 1.5 m, coll. R. T. Springthorpe, 2 Jan 1984, 2 (AM W 26781).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A266FFA2AAE42252FBA5FACB.taxon	description	Description. Body less than 5 mm in length, densely covered with golden inclusions on dorsum of each segment and prostomium (Fig. 87 A). Prostomium oval, about twice as wide as long; 4 small eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement; antennae missing on most specimens, short, smooth. Palps broad, fused at bases, shorter than prostomium, each ending with distal, small papilla (Figs 86 C, D, 87 A). Tentacular and dorsal cirri mostly missing. Parapodia elongated, ventral cirri digitiform. Compound chaetae with elongated, distinctly bidentate blades, arranged in 5 pairs of chaetae within fascicle, each pair of similar shape and length; blades of dorsalmost pair with long blades, about 55 µm long, with basal long spur (Figs 86 F, 87 D) and short spines on margin; blades of subsequent pair similar (Fig. 87 E) but shorter, about 44 µm long; remaining compound chaetae similar in shape, lacking basal spur (Fig. 87 E), with dorsoventral gradation in length of blades, 35 µm in length dorsally and 22 µm in length ventrally. Dorsal simple chaetae from chaetiger 1, thin, pointed (Figs 86 E, 87 B), with short spines on margin (Fig. 87 B). Ventral simple chaetae absent. Aciculae slender, distally knobbed (Fig. 87 C) pharynx everted on most specimens, through about 4 segments when relaxed. Proventricle long, through 7 segments (Fig. 87 A), with about 47 muscle cell rows.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A266FFA2AAE42252FBA5FACB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The original description of the species from Japan and descriptions of Mediterranean specimens do not describe the terminal papillae on the palps; these structures are small and could easily be overlooked. This species is characterized by having basal spurs on the bases of blades of the dorsalmost and second pair of compound chaetae; palps each with a small papilla on the Australian material, and dorsal simple chaetae, slender. Syllides caribica Licher, 1996, from Aruba Island in the Caribbean is similar, but differs in the following characters: the spurs on the compound chaetae are shorter, and have a smooth area between the spur and the edge of blade, the proventricle is shorter (through 2 segments), and the dorsal simple chaetae are slightly thicker (see Licher, 1996). Syllides floridanus Perkins, 1981 also has papillae on the palps, a long proventricle and slender, distally pointed dorsal simple chaetae; but the blades of the dorsalmost pair of compound chaetae lack basal spurs; they are present only on the second pair (Perkins, 1981). All the material examined from Australia is damaged and while it closely resembles material examined from the Mediterranean, it may represent an undescribed species, but complete specimens are needed in order to confirm this. Habitat. Occurring in sand, sandy mud, rhizomes of Posidonia, on algae and sponges; in shallow depths.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A266FFA2AAE42252FBA5FACB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Japan, Western Mediterranean, USA (Massachusetts), Australia (New South Wales, Tasmania, Western Australia).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A269FFA3A996214BFBFFFA4E.taxon	description	Fig. 88 A – F	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A269FFA3A996214BFBFFFA4E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES: S of airport runway extension, Botany Bay, 33 ° 58.13 ' S 151 ° 11.16 ' E, 5 m, coll. Australian Museum party, 6 Apr 1992, 1 (AM W 23118); Currambene Creek, Jervis Bay, 35 ° 02 ' S 150 ° 40 ' E, intertidal unvegetated sediment, coll. L. Howitt, Dec 1988, 1 (AM W 22608). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Dunsborough, 33 ° 36 ' S 115 ° 06 ' E, Posidonia & Halophila seagrasses, intertidal, coll. G. Hartmann-Schröder, 9 Nov 1975, 2 paratypes (AM W 196214); reef W of Groyne, 2 km S of Cape Peron, 32 ° 16 ' S 115 ° 41 ' E, orange sponge in deep channel in limestone reef, 4.5 m, coll. R. T. Springthorpe, 26 Dec 1984, 1 (AM W 28367); Limestone reef, off Ned’s camp, Cape Range National Park, 21 ° 59 ' S 113 ° 55 ' E, sponge with epiphytic algae, & muddy worm tubes, 1.5 m, coll. R. T. Springthorpe, 2 Jan 1984, 1 (AM W 27652).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A269FFA3A996214BFBFFFA4E.taxon	description	Description. Body 2.4 mm long, 0.2 mm wide, with 30 chaetigers, dorsum with bright, minute inclusions, density of inclusions varies between individuals, fragile, most appendages missing on all specimens. Prostomium oval, with 4 eyes arranged in open trapezoidal pattern, and 2 anterior eyespots; 3 antennae all similar. Palps basally fused, shorter than prostomium (Fig. 88 A). Peristomium with hyaline inclusions, larger than inclusions on dorsum; tentacular cirri elongated, slightly club-shaped, longer than lateral antennae (Fig. 88 A), ventral tentacular cirri about two thirds length of dorsal cirri. Dorsal cirri of chaetigers 1, 2, elongated, longer than tentacular cirri, similar in length to body width; from chaetiger 3 onwards, dorsal cirri articulated (Fig. 88 A), with about 10 articles (up to 16, fide Hartmann-Schröder), cirri mostly broken, articles usually with 1 – 2 dark, granular inclusions. Parapodia trapezoidal dorsally, slightly larger on anterior parapodia, becoming conical and slender from mid parapodia onwards. Ventral cirri digitiform, similar in length or shorter than parapodial lobes. About 15 compound chaetae on anterior parapodia, numbers diminishing progressively along body to about 10; shafts with thin subdistal spines; blades elongated, bidentate, with short spines on margin, without basal spurs (Fig. 88 D – F), with dorsoventral gradation in length of blades within fascicle, about 50 µm in length dorsally, 20 µm in length ventrally, on midbody. Dorsal simple chaetae from chaetiger 1, distally blunt, with small distal hood and short spines on margin (Fig. 88 B). Ventral simple chaetae absent. All parapodia with single acicula, distally knobbed, with filiform, short tip (Fig. 88 C). Pharynx through 4 segments. Proventricle through 4 segments (Fig. 88 A), with 24 – 30 muscle cell rows.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A269FFA3A996214BFBFFFA4E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Syllides articulosus Ehlers, 1897, from Magellan Strait, in South America, appears to be a different species to the Australian specimens that were described by Hartmann-Schröder (1983) as a subspecies Syllides articulosus pumilus. Syllides articulosus has a proventricle distinctly longer than the pharynx (see Ehlers, 1897, pl. II, Habitat. Occurring on sponges, algae, Posidonia, and in sediments, from intertidal to shallow depths.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A269FFA3A996214BFBFFFA4E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A268FFA0A94521CFFE54F836.taxon	description	Fig. 89 A – C	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A268FFA0A94521CFFE54F836.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES: NE corner of Clark Is., 33 ° 51.85 ' S 151 ° 14.47 ' E, encrustation on outside of bottle, 5 m, coll. P. A. Hutchings, 17 Apr 1996, 2 (AM W 26322). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Exmouth, Tantabiddy Creek, 21.56 ° S 113 ° 58 ' E, medium sand, intertidal, coll. G. Hartmann-Schröder, 1 (HZM P- 16907).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A268FFA0A94521CFFE54F836.taxon	description	Description. Body 2.2 mm long, 0.3 wide mm with 30 chaetigers. Dorsal cirri long, with hyaline vacuoles on most articles (Fig. 89 A). Tufts of cilia in front of each anterior eyespot. Ciliary bands on dorsum of each segment (Fig. 89 A). Parapodia with about 5 compound chaetae, relatively long blades, bidentate, both teeth distinctly separated, with short spines on margin; blades of 2 medium length Remarks. The long, basal spurs on medium-length blades of compound chaetae have not previously been described. This character is considered to be a useful character to distinguish between species in this genus. Syllides bansei Perkins, 1981, has similar compound chaetae, but the dorsal simple chaetae differ in having a distal hood (Perkins, 1981). Syllides edentatus Westheide, 1974, also has a similar arrangement of chaetae, but the pair of the medium size chaetae have several long spines instead of a single basal spur as occurs in Syllides spinosus (Westheide, 1974; San Martín, 2003). Syllides benedicti Banse, 1972, also has a single long basal spur on the pair of medium-length bladed chaetae, but the dorsal simple chaetae are distally rounded, with some spines present in addition to the spines on margin (Banse, 1972). For a discussion of the differences between the stem species S. articulosus and S. spinosus see Hartmann-Schröder, 1979; furthermore, S. articulosus lacks long basal spurs on any blade (Somaschini & San Martín, 1997). Habitat. Occurring in coarse and medium sand, on encrustations, from intertidal to shallow depths.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A268FFA0A94521CFFE54F836.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (Western Australia, Victoria, South Australia, New South Wales).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A26BFFA6AE0F214AFC1FFEF2.taxon	description	Figs 86 A, B, 90 A – G	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A26BFFA6AE0F214AFC1FFEF2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE (AM W 28472) AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES: 1.5 km SE of Dangar Is., Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 33 ' S 151 ° 14 ' E, sandy mud, 7 m, coll. Jones & party, 21 Aug 1980. PARATYPES. 50 m NE of Green Point, Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 33.5 ' S 151 ° 14.5 ' E, sandy mud, 4 m, coll. A. R. Jones & party, 17 May 1982, 1 (AM W 24704); 300 m NE of Green Point, Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 34 ' S 151 ° 13.5 ' E, sandy mud, 5 m, coll. A. R. Jones & A. Murray, 18 Nov 1980, 1 (AM W 28463); 1 km S of E end, Spectacle Is., Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 32 ' S 151 ° 07.5 ' E, muddy sand, 12 m, coll. A. R. Jones & A. Murray, 5 Aug 1983, 1 (AM W 28464); 1 km S of E end, Spectacle Is., Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 32 ' S 151 ° 07.5 ' E, muddy sand, 12 m, coll. A. R. Jones & A. Murray, 11 Nov 1983, 1 (AM W 28465); 1 km SE of Dangar Is., Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 33 ' S 151 ° 14 ' E, shelly mud, 9 m, coll. A. R. Jones & party, 1 Aug 1979, 1 (AM W 28466); 1 km SE of Dangar Is., Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 33 ' S 151 ° 14 ' E, shelly mud, 9 m, coll. A. R. Jones & party, 21 Aug 1980, 1 (USNM 1082992); 30 m SE of Brooklyn boat-channel, Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 33 ' S 151 ° 14 ' E, shelly mud, 7 m, coll. A. R. Jones & party, 18 Dec 1979, 1 (LACM ex AM W 28469); 30 m SE of Brooklyn boat-channel, Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 33 ' S 151 ° 14 ' E, shelly mud, 7 m, coll. A. R. Jones & party, 1 Aug 1979, 1 (AM W 28470); 1.5 km SE of Dangar Is., Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 33 ' S 151 ° 14 ' E, sandy mud, 7 m, coll. A. R. Jones & party, 1 Aug 1979, 3 (AM W 28471); 1.5 km SE of Dangar Is., Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 33 ' S 151 ° 14 ' E, sandy mud, 7 m, coll. A. R. Jones & party, 18 Dec 1979, 1 (AM W 28473); Brooklyn boat-channel, Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 33 ' S 151 ° 14 ' E, fine mud, 3 m, coll. A. R. Jones, 16 May 1980, 1 (AM W 28474); Midway between Green Point and Croppy Point, Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 33.5 ' S 151 ° 14.5 ' E, mud, 6 m, coll. A. Jones & party, 22 Nov 1980, 1 (AM W 196517); E end Brooklyn boat channel, 1 (AM W 196518); Liverpool Reach, Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 25 ' S 150 ° 56 ' E, fine sand, 4 m, coll. A. Jones & party, 21 Feb 1980, 1 (AM W 196657); Liverpool Reach, Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 25 ' S 150 ° 56 ' E, coarse sand, 20 m, coll. A. Jones & party, 21 Feb 1980, 3 (AM W 196658); Liverpool Reach, Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 25 ' S 150 ° 56 ' E, coarse sand, 20 m, coll. A. Jones & party, 21 Feb 1980, 21 (AM W 196659). Additional material examined. QUEENSLAND: At mouth of Althaus Creek, Halifax Bay, 19 ° 10 ' S 146 ° 36 ' E, 2 m, coll. Queensland Nickel, Jan 1977, 2 (AM W 28207). NEW SOUTH WALES: 0.5 km E. of Dangar Is., Hawkesbury R., 33 ° 33 ' S 150 ° 14 ' E, coll. A. Jones & party, 21 Aug 1980, 4 on SEM stub (AM W 196520); S of airport runway extension, Botany Bay, 33 ° 58.13 ' S 151 ° 11.16 ' E, 5 m, coll. Australian Museum party, 7 Apr 1992, 1 (AM W 21631); SW of airport runway extension, Botany Bay, 33 ° 58.33 ' S 151 ° 10.22 ' E, 7 m, coll. Australian Museum party, 28 July 1992, 1 (AM W 21632); E of Marley, 34 ° 08.08 ' S 151 ° 09.65 ' E, sand, 60 m, coll. Fisheries Research Institute (NSW), 2 May 1991, 1 (AM W 24377); Bass Point, 34 ° 36 ' S 150 ° 54 ' E, 50 m, coll. The Ecology Lab for RMI / Pioneer Project, 1 Feb 1990, few (AM W 22994); Montagu Roadstead, Jervis Bay, 35 ° 02.2 ' S 150 ° 46 ' E, 12 m, coll. P. A. Hutchings & party, 6 Jun 1991, 1 (AM W 27574). VICTORIA: Port Phillip Bay, 38 ° 09.3 ' S 144 ° 42.7 ' E, sand, 3 m, coll. Marine Pollution Studies Group, 11 Jun 1971, 2 (AM W 16236).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A26BFFA6AE0F214AFC1FFEF2.taxon	description	Description. Body about 2.4 mm long, 0.2 mm wide, with 30 chaetigers. Prostomium oval, slightly wider than long; 4 eyes arranged in open trapezoidal pattern and 2 anterior eyespots; median antenna inserted between posterior eyes, about one and half times combined length of prostomium and palps, lateral antennae about two thirds of length of median antenna, inserted near anterior eyes (Fig. 90 A). Palps similar in length to prostomium, without distal papillae. Peristomium slightly shorter than subsequent segments, with hyaline, rounded inclusions; dorsal tentacular cirri similar to median antenna, slightly shorter; ventral tentacular cirri about two thirds length of dorsal ones (Fig. 90 A). Antennae, tentacular, and dorsal cirri of chaetigers 1 and 2, elongate, slender; dorsal cirri of chaetiger 1 longer than median antenna, those of chaetiger 2 shorter than those of chaetiger 1, similar in length to median antenna. Dorsal cirri of subsequent segments alternating irregularly with long cirri, distinctly longer than body width, with about 10 – 12 articles; short cirri, similar in length to body width, with about 6 – 7 articles; articles pyriform, usually with 1 dark inclusion (Fig. 90 A). Parapodial lobes elongated, conical, distally bilobed (Fig. 90 C). Ventral cirri digitiform, similar in length to parapodial lobes. Compound chaetae similar throughout, shafts with several, long, fine, subdistal spines, and elongated, bidentate blades, within fascicle 5 pairs of chaetae, each pair similar in shape and length (Fig. 90 D – G). Blades of most dorsal pair of compound chaetae with single long, distinct basal spur, and moderate, thin spines on margin, about 60 – 62 µm long; blades of second pair similar to those of most dorsal pair, but shorter, about 52 µm long, with shorter spines on margin (Figs 90 D, 86 A). Blades of subsequent pairs without basal spur and having short spines on margin (Fig. 90 E – G), 40, 27 and 15 µm in length respectively. Dorsal simple chaetae from chaetiger 1, unidentate, distally blunt, provided with distal hood and short spines on margin (under light microscope) (Fig. 90 H); under SEM, hood consists of several rows of minute spines (Fig. 86 B). Ventral simple chaetae absent. Acicula solitary, distally knobbed (Fig. 90 I). Pharynx through 5 – 6 segments (Fig. 83 A). Proventricle barrel-shaped, through about 5 – 6 segments, with 35 muscle cell rows. Pygidium small, semicircular, with 2 short, smooth lateral anal cirri and 1 median, longer cirrus (Fig. 90 B).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A26BFFA6AE0F214AFC1FFEF2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species has been reported in Australia as Syllides longocirrata (Örsted, 1845), which only occurs in the Northern Atlantic and Northern Pacific areas, and differs from the Australian specimens, which are described as a new species. Syllides longocirrata has dorsal simple chaetae that are pointed and without a hood, and the compound chaetae are unidentate (see Banse, 1972), whereas the compound chaetae of Syllides tam are distally blunt and hooded. Syllides japonicus Imajima, 1966 (see below) and S. floridanus Perkins, 1981, also have dorsal simple chaetae that are pointed, and without a hood (Perkins, 1981), which differ from those present in Syllides tam. Habitat. Occurring in coarse, medium to muddy sand; from intertidal to 60 m.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A26BFFA6AE0F214AFC1FFEF2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria).	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
038287B3A26BFFA6AE0F214AFC1FFEF2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after The Australian Museum.	en	San Martin, G, Hutchings, PA (2006): Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the Description of a New Genus and Fifteen New Species. Records of the Australian Museum 58: 257-370
