taxonID	type	description	language	source
038287E2FFA0D83BFE87FDCCFC18C396.taxon	description	This species is most similar in appearance to C. californica. The forewings are usually 5 mm or longer and the pale colored area of pterostigma covers six or more veins (Fig. 16). The antennae are dark brown to black, and the postocciput is dark brown and distinctly darker than the rest of the head. Male terminalia have the ventral lobe of the ectoproct narrow and finger-like and located posterior to the dorsal portion (Fig. 21). The gonarcus complex in dorsal view has mildly sinuate internal spines that are broadest anteriorly and gradually tapering posteriorly to a fine point (Fig. 22). Female terminalia have tergite 9 as broad as long in lateral view (Fig. 23). The apex of the gonapophyses curve posteriad at an angle of approximately 80 o.	en	Bowles, David E. (2006): Spongillaflies (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) of North America with a key to the larvae and adults. Zootaxa 1357: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174617
038287E2FFA0D83BFE87FDCCFC18C396.taxon	description	Oklahoma: county unknown (Carpenter 1940), Adair (BSC), Beckham, Grant, McCurtain (Parfin & Gurney 1956), Grayson (White 1976), Johnston (Brown 1974), LeFlore (EMEC), Marshall (Brown 1974), McCurtain (Parfin & Gurney 1956), Pushmataha (Parfin & Gurney 1956); Johnston (ONHS), Latimer (DEB), Marshall (INHS, UOBS, FSCA), Ouachita (INHS). Pennsylvania: county unknown (Carpenter 1940). Tennessee: county unknown (Isom 1968). Texas: Bosque (Carpenter 1940), Dallas, Goliad (Parfin & Gurney 1956), Sutton (Carpenter 1940); Anderson (TAMU); Bastrop (INHS, MEM), Bexar (DEB), Bosque (USNM), Brazos, Bowie, Burleson (TAMU), Dimmit (TAMU), [Goliad] (USNM); Hardin (USNM, TAMU), Gonzales (DEB), Hemphill (USNM), Leon, Jasper, Limestone, Montgomery, Newton (TAMU), Robertson (DEB, TAMU), San Jacinto (TAMU, MEM, BYUC), Titus (DEB), Travis, Tyler, Walker, Williamson (TAMU), Wood (DEB). Vermont: county unknown (Carpenter 1940). Virginia: county unknown (Carpenter 1940), [Fairfax] (Parfin & Gurney 1956), (BYUC); Louisa (BYUC). Wisconsin: [Lincoln, Jefferson] (Parfin & Gurney 1956), Barron, Green Lake, Florence, Langlade, Marinette, Marquette, Oconto, Vilas, Waupaca (Throne 1971); [LaCrosse] (FSCA), Oneida (AMNH). New State Records. CANADA. Nova Scotia: Shelburne Co., West Branch Roseway River, hwy 203, Lower Ohio, 24 - VI- 1993, Baumann & Kondratieff, 1 male (BYUC); Yarmouth Co., Clyde River, hwy. 203, Flintsone Rock, 24 - VI- 1993, Baumann and Kondratieff, 1 male (BYUC). UNITED STATES. Kentucky: Hart Co., 4.8 mi NNW Horse Cave, 23 - V- 1987, E. A. Lisowski, BL trap on Green River, 1 female (INHS); McCreary Co., Cumberland River, Cumberland Falls State Park, hwy 90, 11 - V- 1988, Baumann, Kircher, Kondratieff & Nelson, 1 male (BYUC). South Carolina: Aiken Co., Upper Three Runs, 4 - VI- 1984, B. C. Kondratieff, 1 male (BYUC); [Darlington Co.], Society Hill, Cedar Creek, 4 - V- 1944, Frison & Ross, 1 male (INHS); Greenwood Co., Saluda River at SC hwy 34 bridge downstream from dam, 25 - VII- 1974, Sanderson & Unzicker, blacklight trap, 5 females (INHS). West Virginia: Hampshire Co., North River Mill, 30 - VI- 1990, C. R. Nelson, R. F. Whitcomb, 1 male (BYUC); Ohio Co., Wheeling, 4 - VI- 2002, Baumann & Kondratieff, 1 male, 2 females (BYUC).	en	Bowles, David E. (2006): Spongillaflies (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) of North America with a key to the larvae and adults. Zootaxa 1357: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174617
038287E2FFA3D835FE87FA04FD3EC324.taxon	description	This species is most similar in appearance to C. areolaris, but it is usually smaller in size and the pale colored area of pterostigma covers only four veins (Fig. 17). The antennae are pale to dark brown, and the postocciput is pale brown and not distinct in color from the rest of the head. Male terminalia in lateral view have the ectoproct nearly parallel-sided (Fig. 24) and its dorsal surface bears numerous, prominent dentigerous-based setae. The internal spines and vertical wall of the gonarcus complex together appear H-shaped in dorsal view (Fig. 25). Female terminalia have tergite 9 longer than broad in lateral view (Fig. 26). The gonapophyses gradually curve posteriad with the apex at an angle of approximately 70 o and with coarse serrations dorso-apically.	en	Bowles, David E. (2006): Spongillaflies (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) of North America with a key to the larvae and adults. Zootaxa 1357: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174617
038287E2FFA3D835FE87FA04FD3EC324.taxon	description	New State and Country Records. MEXICO. [Durango]: 2 mi NW Nombre de Dios, Dgo., 24 - VII- 1969, J. Doyen & J. Haddock, 1 female (EMEC). Michoacan: Patzquero, 31 - VIII- 1938, L. J. Lipovsky, 1 female (SEMC). Tamaulipas: vic. of Punta Piedra, 25 - IX- 1981, W. H. Cross, blacklight trap, 1 male, 1 female (MEM). UNITED STATES. Texas: Bandera Co., Camp Verde, Verde Creek, 8 - VIII- 1992, D. E. Bowles, blacklight, 1 male [genitalia damaged] (DEB); Brewster Co., county park (The Post), 8 km S Marathon, elev. 1090 m, 11 - V- 1993, J. Gelhaus & D Koenig, 1 female (ANSP); Val Verde Co., Devils River at Dolan Falls, 4 - 7 - VIII- 1994, C. R. Nelson, R. S. Hansen, A. W. Hook, O. Hernandez, S. K. Jasper, R. Gibson, UV-light, 1 female (BYUC); same, but Dolan Falls Preserve, N 30 o 25 ’ 8.9 ”, W 97 o 48 ’ 46.9 ”, 3 - VI- 1997, D. E. Bowles, UV- & MV-light, 1 adult [abdomen missing] (DEB); same, but at Dolan Falls, 15 - V- 1999, light trap, 1 male (DEB); same, but Rio Grande at Langtry, 21 - VI- 1990, E. G. Riley & C. S. Wolfe, UVlight, 1 female (TAMU). Utah: Washington Co., Red Cliffs campground near Leeds, 5 - X- 1979, J. A. Stanger, 1 female (BYUC).	en	Bowles, David E. (2006): Spongillaflies (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) of North America with a key to the larvae and adults. Zootaxa 1357: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174617
038287E2FFADD830FE87FA82FAE3C4EB.taxon	description	The mostly hyaline forewings with narrow, conspicuous radiomedial pigment streaks (Fig. 15) distinguish this species from C. areolaris and C. californica. In lateral view, male terminalia have the posterior border of the ectoproct straight and bearing numerous, coarse, dentigerous-based setae (Fig. 18). The ventral lobe of the ectoproct is triangular in shape and much darker than the dorsal portion and its outer margin also has coarse dentigerous-based setae. Internal spines of the gonarcus complex are broadest anteriorly and taper posteriorly in dorsal view (Fig. 19). Female terminalia have tergite 9 longer than broad in lateral view (Fig. 20). The apex of the gonapophyses curve abruptly posteriad at an angle of approximately 65 o with fine serrations dorso-apically. Parfin and Gurney (1956) described this species from specimens collected in Texas and New Mexico. Subsequently, Penny et al. (1997) reported C. chapini from Oklahoma, and Flint (1998) reported the species from Chiapas, Mexico. In this study, new distribution records for C. chapini were recorded from Durango and San Luis Potosi, Mexico suggesting it occurs throughout much of Mexico. The flight period ranges from April through December. Adults are often co-collected with C. californica where their respective ranges overlap, but they are typically more abundant than the latter species. Published and Supplemental Records. MEXICO. Chiapas: (Flint 1998);. Chihuahua: (Oswald et al. 2002). Veracruz: (Oswald et al. 2002). UNITED STATES. Oklahoma: county unknown (Penny et al. 1997); Marshall (BSC). New Mexico: Eddy (Parfin & Gurney 1956). Texas: Bosque, [Colorado], Guadalupe, [Live Oak], Sutton (Parfin & Gurney 1956), Victoria (Parfin & Gurney 1956); Bandera (DEB), Bastrop (BYUC), Blanco (TAMU, INHS), Brazos, Burnet, Cameron, Dallas (DEB), Gillespie (TAMU), Gonzales (DEB, TAMU), Hidalgo (TAMU, EMEC), Jasper (TAMU), Kerr (INHS), Kimble (UMC), Mason, Robertson (TAMU), Starr (DEB), Tarrant (EMEC), Travis (BYUC), Val Verde (ANSP, BYUC, DEB, EMEC, INHS, TAMU). New State Records. MEXICO. [Durango]: 2 mi NW Nombre de Dios, Dgo., 24 - VIII- [19] 69, J. Doyen & J. Haddock, 2 females (EMEC). San Luis Potosi: 3 mi W El Naranjo, elev. 1100 ’, Platanus lined stream, 31 - V- 1971, blacklight, A. Newton, 1 female (INHS).	en	Bowles, David E. (2006): Spongillaflies (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) of North America with a key to the larvae and adults. Zootaxa 1357: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174617
038287E2FFA8D832FE87FCA3FB09C56C.taxon	description	This small species usually is 5 mm or less in length and can be distinguished from S. nigra and S. vicaria in having the antennae with the basal half and apical 4 or 5 segments dark brown and the intervening segments pale yellow. The forewings have prominent intervenational streaking. The ectoproct of the male terminalia is elongate in lateral view, the distal two-thirds parallel-sided, and the apex rounded (Fig. 27). The parameres are divided into two distinct portions (Fig. 28), but only the distal portion is visible in lateral view. The female terminalia in lateral view show tergite 9 nearly round in shape and with only a posterior articulation ridge (Fig. 29). The gonapophyses are rounded apically and gradually arch posteriad. Parfin and Gurney (1956) reported S. apicalis from the southern United States and Cuba. In this study, new distributional records for S. apicalis are recorded from Alabama, North Carolina and Texas in the United States. In Mexico and the United States, this species appears to be restricted to the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain (Parfin & Gurney 1956, Poirrier 1969, Poirrier & Arceneaux 1972, Lago 1981, Oswald et al. 2002, this study). I have seen other specimens from the Bahamas, Costa Rica, and Panama. An additional record of S. apicalis from the Amazon River Basin (Penny 1981) suggests this species is widely distributed throughout the Neotropics. Adult specimens have been collected during April, November and December. This species has been collected in February in Costa Rica (Penny et al. 2002) and is present throughout the year in central Amazonia, but more prevalent in June and July (Penny 1981). Although this species has a wide distribution, it is seldom collected and is not well represented in most museums. Published and Supplemental State, County and Parish Records. MEXICO. Quintana Roo: (Oswald et al. 2002). UNITED STATES. Florida: Hardee, Marion (Parfin & Gurney 1956), Paradise Key (Parfin & Gurney 1956); Baker, Dade, Monroe (FSCA), Nassau (SEMC); Paradise Key, Putnam (FSCA), Sarasota (SEMC). Georgia: [Chatham] (Parfin & Gurney 1956). Louisiana: St. Tammany (Poirrier 1969); East Feliciana (Poirrier & Arceneaux 1972). Mississippi: Lafayette (Lago 1981); Jackson, Oktibbeha (MEM). New State Records. UNITED STATES. Alabama: Baldwin Co., Bon Secour N. W. Refuge, T 95, R 32 E, Sec 24, 5 - 6 - IX- 1988, R. L. Brown, J. MacGown, 1 male; same, but Gulf State Park, 26 - VII- 1985, R. L. & B. B. Brown, 1 male (MEM); North Carolina: [Camden Co.], South Mills, IX- 1 - 1962, A. B. Gurney, 3 adults (sex not determined) (USNM); Texas: Brazos Co., 9.5 mi ENE Kurten, N 30 o 48 ’ 39 ”, W 96 o 10 ’ 30 ”, 25 - IX- 1998, J. D. Oswald, MV-light, Navasota River bottomland, 1 Ε (TAMU); Sabine Co., 9 mi E Hemphill, “ beech bottom ”, 24 - IX- 7 - X- 1989, R. Anderson & E. Morris, Malaise trap, beech magnolia forest, 1 male, 2 females (TAMU); San Jacinto Co., Big Creek, at TX hwy 150, 2 mi W Shepard, 23 - X- 1992, UV-light, Moulton & Alexander, 2 males (TAMU).	en	Bowles, David E. (2006): Spongillaflies (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) of North America with a key to the larvae and adults. Zootaxa 1357: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174617
038287E2FFAAD833FE87FC39FBBCC5B3.taxon	description	This species is closely related to and difficult to distinguish from S. vicaria. The R 2 vein in the forewing of S. nigra is forked equal to or apical of the junction of the Sc and R 1 veins. The length of this fork varied among the S. nigra specimens I examined, but it usually was about one-half the distance to the junction of Sc and R. The head, antennae, and thorax are dark brown to black in color. In lateral view, the ectoprocts of the male terminalia are twice as long as wide (Fig. 33). In dorsal view, the ectoprocts are roughly parallel-sided for the basal three-fourths, and with the apical one-fourth abruptly arching mesad and tapering to a point (Fig. 34). The parameres of the gonarcus complex are roughly L-shaped and less than one-half the length of ectoprocts. Female terminalia have tergite 9 broadly triangular in lateral view and with only a posterior articulation ridge (Fig. 35).	en	Bowles, David E. (2006): Spongillaflies (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) of North America with a key to the larvae and adults. Zootaxa 1357: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174617
038287E2FFAAD833FE87FC39FBBCC5B3.taxon	description	New State Records. CANADA. New Foundland: Terra Nova Natl. Park, Junction Pond, Notre Dame Cp., 12 - VII- [19] 61, 3 adults (sex not determined) (USNM). Nova Scotia: Juniper Park, W of Beechville, 7 - VIII- 1965, R. A. Evers, 2 females (INHS). UNITES STATES. Montana: Missoula Co., Salmon Lake, 7.5 mi. N of jct 200 & 83, 23 - VII- 1988, P. Skelley, UV-light, 6 males, 11 females (DEB); same, but 1 male (FSCA). Vermont: Orleans Co., 2 mi N of East Charleston on north shore of Echo lake, 18 - VIII- 1967, Sweeping, M. A. Deyrup, 1 adult (sex not determined) (AMNH).	en	Bowles, David E. (2006): Spongillaflies (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) of North America with a key to the larvae and adults. Zootaxa 1357: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174617
038287E2FFABD82DFE87FBECFE84C44B.taxon	description	This species is closely related to and difficult to distinguish from S. nigra. The forewing usually has the R 2 deeply forked and basal to junction of the Sc and R 1 veins. The antennae have only 2 – 3 basal segments dark brown in color with the remaining segments yellow or rarely the basal third of the antennae are dark and apical two thirds paler in color. The vertex of the head is pale brown to yellow. The ectoprocts of the male terminalia are as long as wide in lateral view (Fig. 30) and broadly C-shaped in dorsal view (Fig. 31). The gonarcus complex has prominent parameres that are more than one-half as long as the ectoprocts. Female terminalia have tergite 9 broadly oval-shaped in lateral view and with anterior and posterior articulation ridges (Fig. 32). This species is widely distributed in the U. S. and Canada (Parfin & Gurney 1956, Penny et al. 1997). New distributional records are reported here from Alabama, Arkansas, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Ohio and Vermont in the United States. Given the distribution of S. vicaria in southern California, Arizona and Texas, this species likely occurs in northern Mexico as well, but it has not yet been collected there. Adults have been taken in January and April through October. This species is occasionally collected with C. areolaris and S. nigra where their ranges overlap. Published and Supplemental State, County and Parish Records. CANADA. British Columbia: (Currie 1904). Nova Scotia: (Carpenter 1940). Ontario: (Carpenter 1940). Quebec: (Carpenter 1940). UNITED STATES. Arizona: county unknown (Parfin & Gurney 1956). California: Lake (Grigarick 1975); Mendocino Co. (EMEC). Connecticut: county unknown (Carpenter 1940); Fairfield, Litchfield, New London, Tolland, Windham (PRC). District of Columbia: (Carpenter 1940). Florida: Alachua, [Duval], Paradise Key (Parfin & Gurney 1956). Georgia: county unknown (Walker 1853); [Charlton, Whitfield, Wilkinson] (Parfin & Gurney 1956), Thomas (FSCA), [Gordon] (INHS). Florida: county unknown (Carpenter 1940), Leon (AMNH), Highlands, Liberty, Jackson, Marion, Okaloosa, Putnam, Sarasota, Suwannee (FSCA). Illinois: county unknown (Carpenter 1940), Mason, [Alexander, Lake, DuPage, Vermilion] (Parfin & Gurney 1956), Champaign, [Clark], Clay, [Cook], Iroquois, [Kankakee], Marion, Schuler, Union (INHS), [Pope] (MEM). Indiana: [Lake] (Parfin & Gurney 1956), Steuben (INHS). Kansas: Hodgeman (Parfin & Gurney 1956), Bourbon, Butler, Chase, Crawford, Douglas, Elk, Kiowa, Johnson, Montgomery, Nemaha, Pottawatomie, Pratt and Woodson (Huggins 1980). Kentucky: Carter, Harlan (Parfin & Gurney 1956), Bell (Brown 1974). Louisiana: Jefferson, Pointe Coupee, St. Charles, St. Tammany (Poirrier 1969); Beauregard, East Feliciana (Poirrier & Arceneaux 1972). Maine: [Aroostook, Kennebec, Penobscot, Kennebec, Washington] (Parfin & Gurney 1956); Waldo Co. (BYUC). Massachusetts: county unknown (Carpenter 1940), [Middlesex, Norfolk] (Parfin & Gurney 1956). Maryland: county unknown (Carpenter 1940), [Montgomery] (Parfin & Gurney 1956). Michigan: Cheboygan, [Emmet], Wayne (Carpenter 1940), Livingston, [Washtenaw] (Parfin & Gurney 1956), Kalamazoo (INHS), Allegan, Ingham, Kalamazoo, Schoolcraft (MSU). Minnesota: county unknown (Walker 1853), Cass, Clearwater, Kittson, Marshall, Polk, Traverse (Parfin 1952), [Itasca, Millelacs] (Parfin & Gurney 1956). Mississippi: Stone, Wilkinson (Poirrier & Holzenthal 1980); Lafayette (Lago 1981), Grenada, Oktibbeha, Smith (MEM), [Marshall] (INHS). Missouri: Dunklin (Froeschner 1947), Boone (INHS, UMC), Cape Girardeau (INHS). New York: county unknown (Carpenter 1940), Tompkins, Westchester counties, [Erie, Essex, Hamilton, Herkimer, Montgomery, Ostego, Suffolk] (Parfin & Gurney 1956). North Carolina: [Wake] (Carpenter 1940). North Dakota: Foster (Stoakes et al. 1983), Stark (BYUC). Oklahoma: Grayson, Marshall (White 1976), Delware, (ONHS), Latimer (DEB, TAMU). Oregon: [Jackson] (Carpenter 1940). Pennsylvania: county unknown (Carpenter 1940). Rhode Island: [Washington] (Parfin & Gurney 1956). Tennessee: [Montgomery] (Parfin & Gurney 1956). Texas: Bexar (Parfin & Gurney 1956) (DEB), Colorado (Carpenter 1940); Aransas (USNM), Brazos (TAMU), Coleman (BYUC), Fort Bend (TAMU), Gonzales (INHS), Grimes (TAMU), Guadalupe (USNM), Jackson (SEMC), Jasper (TAMU), Montgomery (TAMU), [Tarrant] (INHS). Virginia: [Fairfax] (Parfin & Gurney 1956). Washington: [Spokane] (Parfin & Gurney 1956), Giles (SEMC). Wisconsin: county unknown (Carpenter 1940), [Vilas] (Parfin & Gurney 1956), Barron, Grant, Florence, Fond du Lac, Marquette, Oneida, Ozaukee, Walworth, Waukesha, Wood, Vilas (Throne 1971). New State Records. UNITED STATES. Alabama: Baldwin Co., Bon Secour N. W. Refuge, T 95, R 2 E, Sec 24, 5 - 6 - IX- 1988, R. L. Brown, J. MacGown, 1 male, 2 females (MEM). Arkansas: Logan Co., Cove Lake, 23 - V- 1991, blacklight, J. Powell, 1 female (E MEC); [Poinsett Co.], Marked Tree, Little River, 22 - V- 1957, Ross & Stannard, 1 female (INHS). New Hampshire: no additional data (USNM). New Jersey: Cumberland Co., Parvin St. Park, nr Vineland, 8 - VIII- 1971, 1 adult (sex not determined) (AMNH). Ohio: Delaware Co., jct Deer Run & Scioto Rivers, 27 - VII- 1985, S. M. Clark, 1 male (BYUC): same, but O’Shaughnessy Res. nr Shawnee Hills, 7 - IX- 1985, S. M. Clark, 1 female (BYUC).	en	Bowles, David E. (2006): Spongillaflies (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) of North America with a key to the larvae and adults. Zootaxa 1357: 1-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174617
