identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03828B0CFF8BFFC23970F96FC8C6408E.text	03828B0CFF8BFFC23970F96FC8C6408E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kinyongia rugegensis Hughes & Kusamba & Behangana & Greenbaum 2017	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> KINYONGIA RUGEGENSIS SP. NOV.</p>
            <p>(FIGS 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7A, 10; TABLES 3, 4)</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4906DDBE-FB3C-4424- 8ABB-ADF0A76468F0</p>
            <p>Linear measurements (in mm) and scale counts are given as mean ± standard deviation, followed by range in parentheses. M = adult male; F = adult female; NP = national park. See text for explanation of character abbreviations.</p>
            <p> *   Included in these data are measurements from the holotype (adult female) of  K. adolfifriderici (ZMB 22709)  . </p>
            <p> Chamaeleo adolfi-friderici – Fischer &amp; Hinkel, 1992: fig. 110 – Photograph in life and record for Nyungwe forest, Rwanda. </p>
            <p> Bradypodion adolfi -friderici – Hinkel, 1993: Record for Cyamudongo forest, Rwanda. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03828B0CFF8BFFC23970F96FC8C6408E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hughes, Daniel F.;Kusamba, Chifundera;Behangana, Mathias;Greenbaum, Eli	Hughes, Daniel F., Kusamba, Chifundera, Behangana, Mathias, Greenbaum, Eli (2017): Integrative taxonomy of the Central African forest chameleon, Kinyongia adolfifriderici (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae), reveals underestimated species diversity in the Albertine Rift. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 400-438
03828B0CFF8AFFDE38EEFA8BCA91433B.text	03828B0CFF8AFFDE38EEFA8BCA91433B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Common name	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Common name : Rugege Highlands forest chameleon. </p>
            <p>
                  Holotype: UTEP 21485 (field no. ELI 1156), adult female, BURUNDI, Bubanza Province, near Kibira National Park,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.48445/lat -3.0697398)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.48445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.0697398">Mpishi village</a>
                 , 03°4′ 11.064″S 29°29′4.02″E, 1660 m elevation, 20 December 2011, collected by E. Greenbaum, C. Kusamba, M.M. Aristote, and W.M. Muninga (Fig. 6A). 
            </p>
            <p>Paratopotypes: Same collection details as holotype, one adult male, UTEP 21481 (field no. ELI 1155) (Fig. 6B), and another adult male, UTEP 21482 (field no. ELI 1238), collected on 23 December 2011 (Fig. 6C).</p>
            <p>
                  Paratypes: One adult female, UTEP 21483 (field no. ELI 1220), BURUNDI, Bubanza Province, Kibira National Park,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.493431/lat -3.06177)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.493431&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.06177">Mpishi village</a>
                 , 03°3′42.372″S 29°29′36.348″E, 1986 m elevation, 22 December 2011, collected by same collectors of holotype  ;   one adult female, UTEP 21484 (field no. ELI 1256), BURUNDI, Kayanza Province, Kibira National Park, near  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.49855/lat -2.93897)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.49855&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.93897">Rwegura village</a>
                 , 02°56′20.292″S 29°29′54.78″E, 2130 m elevation, 25 December 2011, collected by E. Greenbaum, M.M. Aristote, and W.M. Muninga (Fig. 6D)  . 
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            <p> Diagnosis:  Kinyongia rugegensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other  Kinyongia species by the following combination of traits: (1) lack of rostro-nasal ornamentation in both sexes; (2) moderate body size (mean SVL = 55.9 mm); (3) anterior dorsal keel with 8–10 conical tubercles; (4) a slightly elevated casque that tapers posteriorly to a prominent apex; (5) absence of a gular and ventral crest; (6) 16–18 upper and 15–17 lower labials; (7) generally flat shape of the upper casque; (8) tail length longer than SVL in both sexes; (9) indistinct parietal crest with slightly raised tubercles; (10) background body coloration in adult females generally green to yellow-green with darker pigmented regions on the flanks and tail; background body coloration in adult males generally brown with tan and yellow speckling on the flanks; (11) interstitial skin between the tubercles of the body generally black for both sexes; (12) a light brown stripe passes through the middle of the eye and extends from the canthal ridge to the temporal crest; (13) top of the head is typically a darker green/brown colour than elsewhere; (14) the gular region is distinctly lighter in colour, with a combination of green, white and tan. </p>
            <p> Differential diagnosis: A medium-sized forest chameleon that is distinguished from most congeners by the absence of a rostral process in both sexes [  K. asheorum ,  K. boehmei (Lutzmann &amp; Nečas, 2002) ,  K. carpenteri ,  K. fischeri ,  K. magomberae Menegon et al. (2009) ,  K. matschiei (Werner, 1895) ,  K. msuyae Menegon et al. (2015) ,  K. multituberculata (Nieden, 1913) ,  K. oxyrhina (Klaver &amp; Böhme, 1988) ,  K. tavetana (Steindachner, 1891) ,  K. tenuis (Matschie, 1892) ,  K. uluguruensis (Loveridge, 1957) ,  K. uthmoelleri (Müller, 1938) ,  K. vanheygeni Nečas, 2009 ,  K. vosseleri (Nieden, 1913) and  K. xenorhina ]. The new species can be distinguished from  K. adolfifriderici by its larger cranial crest gap and head length, larger body size (52.8–58.7 mm vs. 47.9–54.9 mm), and more upper (16–18 vs. 10–14) and lower labials (14–17 vs. 12–15). The new species can be distinguished from  K. tolleyae sp. nov. by the lack of two distinctly bulging and rounded portions of the upper casque, slightly larger head width, larger fleshy papillae medial to rotulae on hemipenis and more upper labials (16–18 vs. 13–17). The new species can be distinguished from  K. itombwensis sp. nov. by its larger fore- and hind limbs, slightly larger cranial crest gap and head length, and more conical tubercles on the dorsal crest (8–10 vs. 6–7). The new species can be distinguished from  K. mulyai and  K. excubitor by the presence of a dorsal crest with 8–10 conical tubercles and marked mitochondrial sequence divergence. The new species can be distinguished from  K. gyrolepis by its smaller mean body size (55.9 vs. 67.3 mm) and current distribution in moist Afromontane rainforest. </p>
            <p> Genetic differentiation and variation: A summary of pairwise sequence divergence for each molecular marker (16S, ND2 and RAG 1) among individuals of  K. rugegensis sp. nov. and other species of  Kinyongia endemic to the AR are presented in Table S2. For the ND2 locus, p -distances among  K. rugegensis sp. nov. samples ranged from 0.1 to 0.7%. </p>
            <p> Description of holotype: Adult female, SVL 56.6 mm and TL 67.3 mm. Four oviductal eggs present (see Reproduction in the following text). Casque low, slightly raised above nape. Distinct, elevated apex on posterior casque. Neck distinct from head. Parietal crest largely indistinct with few enlarged and flattened tubercles in an inconsistent pattern. Supra-orbital ridges mostly smooth. Temporal crest comprises three enlarged tubercles extending posteriorly from mid-eye and ascending along posterior ridge of casque to its apex. Nares open laterally and in a posterior orientation. Canthal ridge consists of four slightly raised tubercles, one raised higher than others near snout. Sixteen upper and 14 lower labials are present along tip of snout to posterior margin of orbit. No gular or ventral crests present. Nine small conical tubercles present on anterior portion of dorsal crest, absent near mid-body. Tail and lateral flanks smooth. Body covered in nearly homogenous, flattened tubercles. Some larger polygonal tubercles present on dorsal flanks. Patches of small tubercles in rosette patterns on ventral flanks. Some enlarged flattened tubercles present on outer portions of limbs. Claws typical of  Kinyongia species.</p>
            <p>Coloration of holotype (in ethanol): Photographs of the body and head detail of the holotype (in preservative) are presented in Fig. 10. The background coloration is greyish blue with some darker blotches on the flanks and tail. Patches of lighter blues and greens are present near the anterior portions of the body, and the sides of the head and tail. Light yellow (almost white) patches occur near axillary and inguinal regions and a few places on the lateral body flanks. The soles of the feet are yellowish-white.</p>
            <p>Coloration of holotype (in life): A photograph of the holotype (in life) is presented in Fig. 6A. The top of the head is covered in brown and dark green tubercles with black interstitium. Beginning below the temporal crest, the head is lighter green in colour and covered in yellowish-green tubercles with powder-blue interstitium. At mid-eye, there is a dark brown lateral stripe that connects the coloration on the canthal ridge to the temporal crest. Near the tip of the snout is a pronounced yellow coloration that fades posteriorly.The background coloration of the body is yellowish-green with black interstitium. The powder-blue coloration of the head interstitium extends posteriorly on the ventral flanks and gradually changes to black by mid-body, then blue reappears on the posterior third of body. Tubercles on the venter, near axillary and inguinal regions, and hidden parts of the limbs, are off-white with flecks of green. The dorsal crest is adorned with darker green tubercles than elsewhere on the body and this coloration extends onto the tail. The posterior third of the tail is darker brown and the greenish coloration of the tail in general is less bright compared to the body. Differential distribution of interstitial coloration (light blue or black) on the body form broad vertical dark brown bands.</p>
            <p> Hemipenis: Hemipenal drawings and description are based on specimen UTEP 21481. Line drawings depicting the general hemipenis morphology of  K. rugegensis sp. nov. are presented in sulcal and lateral views (Fig. 7A). Hemipenes are calvate and the pedicel is less than one-fifth of the hemipenis length. The truncus is covered with calyces ranging in size from smaller on the asulcal apex to larger ones near the asulcal pedicel. Distal calyces are smaller and more hexagonal in shape. The sulcal lips and sulcus spermaticus are smooth and devoid of ornamentation. The flesh on the sulcus is highly envaginated (folded), forming numerous sulcal ridges. Sulcal lips diverge towards the apex and continue as a ridge that encircles the apex. The apex is bilobed and each lobe possesses a large, sharply denticulated rotulae. A sizeable protuberant fleshy papilla is positioned medially from each rotulae. </p>
            <p> Variation: Descriptive morphometrics of  K. rugegensis sp. nov. are presented in Table 4, and a summary of mean measurements in Table 3. Chameleon photographs displaying colour variation in life are presented in Fig. 6. Morphological proportions in paratopotypes and paratypes are generally consistent with those in the holotype. Males have longer tails than females [M: 85.3 ± 6.9 (80.4–90.2 mm, n = 2); F: 66.7 ± 0.9 (65.6–67.3 mm, n = 3)] (P &lt;0.01), but similar body sizes [M: 56.9 ± 2.6 (55.0– 58.7 mm, n = 2); F: 55.4 ± 2.3 (52.8–56.8 mm, n = 3)] (P&gt; 0.05). Males have overall yellowish-brown background coloration, in contrast to the lighter green colour of females. When agitated, the tip of the snout, eye skin and various regions on the flanks can be brightly coloured with yellow. One female (UTEP 21484) in an aggressive posture and coloration with an open mouth, showed a dark patch laterally at mid-body, white gular and ventral regions and bright yellow areas on the head (Fig. 6D). </p>
            <p> Reproduction: The holotype (UTEP 21485) with SVL 56.6 mm and TL 67.3 mm collected on 23 December 2011 was gravid. This individual contained four oviductal (shelled) eggs with mean dimensions (in mm), length 12.75 ± 0.21 (range: 12.49–12.93) and width 6.49 ± 0.25 (range: 6.31–6.84). Exact measurements of eggs were as follows: 12.65 L × 6.84 W; 12.49 L × 6.32 W; 12.91 L × 6.49 W; 12.93 L × 6.31 W.  This individual had moderate fat bodies. Another female (UTEP 21484) with SVL 52.8 mm and TL 55.6 mm collected on 25 December 2011 was also gravid. This individual contained four enlarged, yolked ovarian follicles with mean dimensions (in mm), length 7.09 ± 0.19 (range: 6.83–7.25) and width 5.48 ± 0.26 (range: 5.2–5.83). Exact follicular measurements were as follows: 7.25 L × 5.43 W; 7.19 L × 5.2 W; 6.83 L × 5.83 W; 7.09 L × 5.44 W.  This individual possessed extensive fat bodies. Conversely, a female (UTEP 21483) with SVL 58.8 mm and TL 67.1 mm collected on 22 December 2011 was not gravid, as demonstrated by the largest ovarian follicles measuring &lt;3 mm in diameter and lacking evidence of yolk. This individual had minor fat bodies . </p>
            <p> All males had darkly pigmented testes (i.e. black coloration), which is characteristic of all chameleon species examined to date (Tolley &amp; Herrel, 2013). All collected males were sexually mature. One male (UTEP 21481) with SVL 55.0 mm and TL 80.4 mm collected on 20 December 2011 had enlarged testes. The right testis of this individual measured 6.89 mm in length and 5.04 mm in width. Another male (UTEP 21482) with SVL 58.7 mm and TL 90.2 mm collected on 23 December 2011 also had enlarged testes. The right testis of this individual measured 6.45 mm in length and 4.51 mm in width. Fat bodies were minor for both of these individuals . </p>
            <p> Diet: All five specimens examined for gut contents had remains of arthropod prey items that could be identified to order. The stomach of one female (UTEP 21484) contained Hemiptera,  Lepidoptera ,  Hymenoptera and Coleoptera. A second female (UTEP 21485) stomach contained Diptera, Hemiptera,  Araneae and Acari. The stomach of a third female (UTEP 21483) contained  Araneae, Orthoptera and Hemiptera. A male (UTEP 21481) stomach contained Diptera and Hemiptera. Another male (UTEP 21482) stomach contained Diptera, Hemiptera,  Araneae and Psocoptera. </p>
            <p> Distribution and natural history:  Kinyongia rugegensis sp. nov. is found in moist Afrotemperate montane and sub-montane forests at an elevation range from 1660 to 2130 m. Most specimens were collected from forest edges near and inside Kibira National Park. This montane forest extends from southern Rwanda (Nyungwe Forest National Park) to northern Burundi (Kibira National Park). We speculate that this new species is present throughout the Rugege Highlands </p>
            <p>*Enlarged ovarian follicles present in body cavity of specimen.</p>
            <p> in areas of suitable forest habitat. For example, Hinkel (1993) recorded  Bradypodion adolfi -friderici (=  Kinyongia adolfifriderici ) from both Nyungwe and Cyamudongo forests (= Nyungwe Forest National Park) in Rwanda, and these records potentially represent this new species. Two specimens (UTEP 21482 and UTEP 21483) were collected inside a banana tree plantation just outside the national park. One specimen (UTEP 21484) was collected from natural roadside vegetation, and was found c. 2.5 m above ground in a small tree. Two of the three females were gravid, and both males were sexually mature. No juveniles were detected during the search period (c. 3.5 weeks). Behaviour and activity patterns are essentially unknown, but likely similar to that of  K. adolfifriderici (Tilbury, 2010) . Other lizard species collected near the type locality included typical AR lizard fauna, including  Adolfus africanus ,  Chamaeleo dilepis ,  Congolacerta vauereselli ,  Hemidactylus mabouia ,  Lygodactylus cf. gutturalis ,  Rhampholeon boulengeri ,  Trioceros ellioti ,  T. johnstoni ,  Trachylepis striata and  T. maculilabris . </p>
            <p>Conservation: Nyungwe Forest National Park is the largest protected area in Rwanda, and Kibira National Park is the largest protected area in Burundi. These contiguous parks together form one of the largest montane forest blocks in eastern Africa (Barakabuye et al., 2007). However, despite this high level of connectivity, similarity of threats and biodiversity importance, these forests have been managed in near isolation to the neighbouring protected areas (Barakabuye et al., 2007). The highlands of these countries are renowned for their nutrient-rich soils. As a result, the regions are burdened with extremely dense human populations that greatly threaten the biological integrity of the remaining forests with severe agricultural pressures. Moreover, a longstanding history of armed conflict in the region has left a legacy of irreparable anthropogenic damage in these fragile ecosystems (Kanyamibwa, 1998).</p>
            <p>Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from Rugege Highlands, the greater mountainous region where the species was collected, with the Latin suffix – ensis denoting a place or locality. Although the holotype was collected from Kibira National Park in northern Burundi, this Afromontane forest is contiguous with Nyungwe Forest National Park in Rwanda via the Rugege Highlands. This new species likely occurs in suitable forested habitat across this mountain range. The view that these neighbouring protected areas are independent is outdated, and unfortunately, park management in bordering countries has sustained this position for some time (Barakabuye et al., 2007). Thus, we felt that the taxonomy should reflect the natural connectivity of the region and chose a broader name accordingly.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03828B0CFF8AFFDE38EEFA8BCA91433B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hughes, Daniel F.;Kusamba, Chifundera;Behangana, Mathias;Greenbaum, Eli	Hughes, Daniel F., Kusamba, Chifundera, Behangana, Mathias, Greenbaum, Eli (2017): Integrative taxonomy of the Central African forest chameleon, Kinyongia adolfifriderici (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae), reveals underestimated species diversity in the Albertine Rift. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 400-438
03828B0CFF95FFDD3960FE98C8F540AA.text	03828B0CFF95FFDD3960FE98C8F540AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kinyongia tolleyae Hughes & Kusamba & Behangana & Greenbaum 2017	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> KINYONGIA TOLLEYAE SP. NOV.</p>
            <p>(FIGS 1, 2, 3, 4, 7B, 8, 10; TABLES 3, 5)</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A7494073-4318-474F-B8FC- D4EA3692948C</p>
            <p> Chamaeleo adolfifriderici – Drewes &amp; Vindum, 1998: table 1, fig. 3 – Photograph in life and basic collection details. </p>
            <p> Chamaeleo adolfifriderici – Vonesh, 2001: table 3 – Record for Kibale National Park, Uganda. </p>
            <p> Kinyongia adolfifriderici – Tilbury et al., 2006: table 1, fig. 2 – Phylogenetic position. </p>
            <p> Kinyongia adolfifriderici – Menegon et al., 2009: fig. 1 – Phylogenetic position. </p>
            <p> Kinyongia adolfifriderici – Branch &amp; Tolley, 2010: fig. 4 – Phylogenetic position. </p>
            <p> Kinyongia adolfifriderici – Tilbury, 2010: fig. 376 – Photograph in life. </p>
            <p> Kinyongia adolfifriderici – Townsend et al., 2011: fig. 1 – Phylogenetic position. </p>
            <p> Kinyongia adolfifriderici – Tolley et al., 2011: figs. 2, 3, 4 – Phylogenetic position. </p>
            <p> Kinyongia adolfifriderici – Tolley et al., 2013: figs. 1, 2 – Phylogenetic position. </p>
            <p> Kinyongia adolfifriderici – Greenbaum et al., 2012a: fig. 2, Appendix II – Phylogenetic position and genetic distances. </p>
            <p> Kinyongia adolfifriderici – Tilbury &amp; Tolley, 2015: fig. 4 – Phylogenetic position. </p>
            <p> Kinyongia adolfifriderici – Menegon et al., 2015: fig. 3 – Phylogenetic position. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03828B0CFF95FFDD3960FE98C8F540AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hughes, Daniel F.;Kusamba, Chifundera;Behangana, Mathias;Greenbaum, Eli	Hughes, Daniel F., Kusamba, Chifundera, Behangana, Mathias, Greenbaum, Eli (2017): Integrative taxonomy of the Central African forest chameleon, Kinyongia adolfifriderici (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae), reveals underestimated species diversity in the Albertine Rift. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 400-438
03828B0CFF95FFD838DCFB6FCBDD40D6.text	03828B0CFF95FFD838DCFB6FCBDD40D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Common name	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Common name : Tolley’s forest chameleon. </p>
            <p>
                  Holotype: UTEP 21490 (field no. ELI 2755), adult female, UGANDA, Western Region, Kigezi sub-region, Kabale District,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.77684/lat -1.04836)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.77684&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.04836">Bwindi Impenetrable National Park</a>
                 , near  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.77684/lat -1.04836)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.77684&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.04836">Ruhija village</a>
                 , 01°2′54.096″S 29°46′36.624″E, 2284 m elevation, 26 May 2014, collected at night from natural vegetation along a roadside near Institute for  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.77684/lat -1.04836)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.77684&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.04836">Tropical Forest</a>
                 Conservation (ITFC) by C. Kusamba, M.M. Aristote and W.M. Muninga (Fig. 8E). 
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            <p> Paratopotypes: Same collection details as holotype, two adult females, UTEP 21486 (field no. ELI 2754) and UTEP 21487 [field no. ELI 2788 (28 May 2014)], collected at night from forest edges c. 3 m above ground along a road to ITFC, and one adult male, UTEP 21488 (field no. ELI 2756), collected at night with aid of stick from c. 5 m above ground in sleeping perch of tree behind ITFC (main office) by D.F. Hughes, K.A. Tolley, S. Davies and A.A. Turner . </p>
            <p>
                  Paratype: One adult male, UTEP 21489 (field no. ELI 2827), UGANDA, Western Region, Rwenzururu sub-region, Kasese District, near  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.02973/lat 0.34972)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.02973&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.34972">Rwenzori Mountains National Park</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.02973/lat 0.34972)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.02973&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.34972">Ruboni village</a>
                 , 00°20′58.992″N 30°1′47.028″E, 1655 m elevation, 31 May 2014, collected at dusk from c. 3 m above ground in sleeping perch of vegetation (secondary forest) in front of the Ruboni Community Hotel by D.F. Hughes, E. Greenbaum and M. Behangana  . 
            </p>
            <p>
                 Referred specimens:   One adult female [CAS 176920 (field no. JVV-1367)], UGANDA, Western Region, Kigezi sub-region, Kabale District,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.75/lat -1.07)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.07">Bwindi Impenetrable National Park</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.75/lat -1.07)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.07">Mubwindi Swamp</a>
                 , c. 120 m south of swamp, 2133 m elevation, 01°4′12″S, 29°45′0″E, 9 December 1990, collected c. 60 cm above ground on fern by J.P. O’Brien and J. V  .   Vindum .   Three adult females [CAS 201593–95 (field nos. JVV-4058–59, 4577)], UGANDA, Western Region, Kigezi sub-region, Kabale District,  Bwindi Impenetrable National Park , ITFC   near  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.774584/lat -1.0466111)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.774584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0466111">Ruhija village</a>
                 , 2362 m elevation, 1°2′47.8″S, 29°46′28.5″E, 12 September 1996 (CAS 201593–94) and 18 October 1996 (CAS 201595), collected at night c. 3 m above ground on road-cut vegetation (CAS 201593–94) and c. 2 m above ground in bush (CAS 201595) by J. V  .   Vindum (CAS 201593–94), and R  .   C.  Drewes and J. V  .   Vindum (CAS 201595)  . 
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            <p> Diagnosis:  Kinyongia tolleyae sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other  Kinyongia species by the following combination of traits: (1) lack of rostro-nasal ornamentation in both sexes; (2) moderate body size (mean SVL = 56.6 mm); (3) anterior dorsal keel with 5–10 conical tubercles; (4) casque slightly elevated above the nape; (5) two smooth, expanded areas present on the casque that appear bilobed when viewed from above; (6) absence of both a gular and ventral crest; (7) 13–17 upper and 14–16 lower labials; (8) tail length longer than SVL in both sexes; (9) parietal crest with several slightly raised tubercles that fork towards the snout; (10) background coloration of the body in adult females is generally light green to yellow-green; background coloration of the body in adult males is generally light brown with anteriorly positioned green patches and peach speckling near the head; (11) large dark brown patches with white centres are present on the lateral flanks of adult females and these lateral patches are typically oriented with a larger patch positioned anteriorly and sometimes a second smaller patch positioned posteriorly from mid-body; (12) areas of darker brown pigment cover the cloacal region and extend distally onto hidden parts of the hind limbs and tail in adult females; (13) interstitial skin between the tubercles on the body is generally white and sometimes green for both sexes; (14) a brown stripe passes through the middle of the eye and extends from the canthal ridge to the temporal crest, and the eye skin above and below the stripe is powder blue/teal, gradually dissipating dorsally and ventrally; (15) the top of the head is somewhat darker green than elsewhere; (16) gular region and ventral portions of the body are distinctly off-white. </p>
            <p> Differential diagnosis: A medium-sized forest chameleon that is distinguished from most other congeners by the absence of a rostral process in both sexes (  K. asheorum ,  K. boehmei ,  K. carpenteri ,  K. fischeri ,  K. magomberae ,  K. matschiei ,  K. msuyae ,  K. multituberculata ,  K. oxyrhina ,  K. tavetana ,  K. tenuis ,  K. uluguruensis ,  K. uthmoelleri ,  K. vanheygeni ,  K. vosseleri and  K. xenorhina ). The new species can be distinguished from  K. adolfifriderici by its larger snout length and more upper (13–17 vs. 10–14) and lower (14–16 vs. 12–15) labials. The new species can be distinguished from  K. rugegensis sp. nov. by the presence of two distinctly expanded and smooth portions of the upper casque (bilobed appearance), slightly smaller head width, fewer upper labials (13–17 vs. 16–18), and smaller fleshy papillae medial to rotulae on hemipenis. The new species can be distinguished from  K. itombwensis sp. nov. by its larger snout length, slightly larger forelimbs and casque–eye distance and generally more conical tubercles on the dorsal crest (5–10 vs. 6–7). The new species can be distinguished from  K. mulyai and  K. excubitor by the presence of a dorsal crest with 5–10 conical tubercles and marked mitochondrial sequence divergence. The new species can be distinguished from  K. gyrolepis by a smaller mean body size (56.6 mm vs. 67.3 mm) and current distribution in moist Afromontane rainforest. </p>
            <p> Genetic differentiation and variation: Summary of pairwise sequence divergence for each molecular marker (16S, ND2 and RAG 1) among individuals of  K. tolleyae sp. nov. and other species of  Kinyongia endemic to the AR are presented in Table S2. For the ND2 locus, p -distances among  K. tolleyae sp. nov. samples ranged from 0.0 to 1.4%. </p>
            <p> Description of holotype: Adult female, SVL 52.9 mm and TL 75.6 mm. Four rounded ovarian follicles present (see Reproduction in the following text). Casque slightly elevated above nape. Posterior apex of casque present, overhanging nape. Two distinct expanded areas of flattened tubercles present on top of casque, bilobed appearance. Neck distinct from head. Parietal crest consists of four discrete, enlarged tubercles extending posteriorly as a ridge to apex of casque. Supra-orbital ridges mostly smooth and one larger conical tubercle near dorsal posterior margin of orbit present. Temporal crest consists of three enlarged tubercles extending posteriorly from mid-eye and ascending posteriorly along ridge of casque to apex. Nares open laterally and posteriorly. Canthal ridge consists of five raised tubercles descending from eye towards snout. Fifteen upper and 16 lower labials present along tip of snout to posterior margin of orbit. No gular or ventral crests present. Nine raised conical tubercles present on anterior portion of dorsal crest, absent near mid-body. Tail and lateral flanks smooth. Body covered in nearly homogenous, flattened tubercles. Some larger polygonal tubercles present dorsally on flanks. Rosette patches of smaller tubercles on ventral portion of body. Mostly enlarged flattened tubercles present on outer portions of limbs. Claws typical of  Kinyongia species.</p>
            <p>Coloration of holotype (in ethanol): Photographs of the body and head detail of the holotype (in preservative) are presented in Fig. 10. The background coloration is various shades of blue with darker grey-blue areas covering some dorsal parts of the body and tail. The venter, beginning below the nape and extending near the cloacal region, is a pink to off-white coloration. Patches of lighter blues are present behind the eye, near commissure of the mouth, side and top of the casque, sides of the tail and parts of the hind limbs. A large portion, about midway on the tail, is off-white. The axillary and inguinal regions are lighter blue-green than elsewhere on the body. The soles of the feet are yellowish-white.</p>
            <p> Coloration of holotype (in life): A photograph of the holotype (in life) is presented in Fig. 8E. The following description is based on colour photographs of the holotype, which were taken when the animal was in a slightly defensive display with overall darker body colour (Fig. 8E). See Diagnosis of  K. tolleyae sp. nov. for description of more normal coloration, and see photos of other individuals in various physiological states (Fig. 8). The top of the head is covered in dark brown tubercles with black interstitium. The head is lighter in colour beginning below the temporal crest to canthal ridge, and covered in light brown and yellowish-green tubercles with off-white interstitium. At mid-eye, there is a dark brown lateral stripe that connects the coloration on the canthal ridge to the temporal crest. The eye skin is dark brown and resembles that of the top of head. Labial scales are heterogeneous in colour with hues of red. The gular region is off-white, and this coloration extends across the venter and parts of the tail. Areas of darker brown pigment cover the cloacal region, hidden parts of the hind limbs and part of the tail. Area below jaw on gular is peach colour. The background coloration of the body is greenish-brown with off-white to green interstitium. The ventral flanks are adorned with a large dark patch of coloration, positioned slightly anterior from mid-body. The centre of the patch is lighter than the black edges, and almost orange in colour. Several faint dark brown vertical bands begin on the dorsal keel and quickly fade ventrally, not to reach mid-body. Smaller body tubercles form rosettes, with light green colour filling spaces between tubercles. Tubercles near axillary and inguinal regions, and hidden parts of the limbs, are white with flecks of green. The dorsal crest is ornamented with darker tubercles than elsewhere and this pattern extends onto the tail. The posterior third of the tail is darker green than the rest of the tail, and faint vertical dark brown bands are present, especially towards the distal end of the tail. </p>
            <p> Hemipenis: Hemipenal drawings and description are based on specimen UTEP 21488. Line drawings depicting the general hemipenis morphology of  K. tolleyae sp. nov. are presented in sulcal and lateral views (Fig. 7B). The hemipenis of this new species is very similar to that of  K. rugegensis sp. nov. , except that it possesses smaller fleshy papillae medial to each large rotulae. See Hemipenis of  K. rugegensis sp. nov. for description of hemipenis morphology. </p>
            <p> Variation: Descriptive morphometrics of  K. tolleyae sp. nov. are presented in Table 5 and a summary of mean measurements in Table 3. Chameleon photographs displaying colour variation in life are presented in Fig. 8. Morphological proportions in paratopotypes and paratypes are generally consistent with those in the holotype. Males and females have similarly sized tails [M: 65.0 ± 1.1 (64.2–65.8 mm, n = 2); F: 70.7 ± 5.9 (64.0– 75.6 mm, n = 7)] (P&gt; 0.05), but males have smaller body sizes [M: 50.1 ± 2.2 (48.5–51.6 mm, n = 2); F: 58.4 ± 4.9 (51.5–66.2 mm, n = 7)] (P = 0.03). Males have overall brown background coloration with green pigmented patches anteriorly, in contrast to the light green background coloration of females, which are largely devoid of brown pigment. Females possess a dark patch (sometimes two) of coloration on the lateral flanks of the body with a lighter centre, whereas males do not possess this feature. When agitated, the lateral patches, eye skin and dorsal region of the head became dark (Fig. 8E). </p>
            <p> Reproduction: The female holotype (UTEP 21490) with SVL 52.9 mm and TL 75.6 mm collected on 26 May 2014 was in the early stages of folliculogenesis. This individual contained four slightly enlarged ovarian follicles (completely rounded) with mean diameter (in mm) 5.22 ± 0.22 (5.03–5.52). Exact follicular measurements were as follows: 5.25 W; 5.03 W; 5.52 W; 5.09 W.   This individual had moderate fat bodies. A female paratopotype (UTEP 21487) with SVL 60.0 mm and TL 75.4 mm collected on 28 May 2014 was gravid.  This individual contained five oviductal (shelled) eggs with mean dimensions (in mm), length 14.05 ± 0.33 (range: 13.75–14.44) and width 7.46 ± 0.1 (range: 7.32–7.59). Exact measurements of eggs were as follows: 14.44 L  × 7.59 W; 14.38 L × 7.44 W; 13.88 L × 7.32 W; 13.82 L × 7.51 W; 13.75 L × 7.45 W.   This individual had minor fat bodies. A paratopotype (UTEP 21486) with a smaller body size (SVL 51.5 mm and TL 64.3 mm) collected on 28 May 2014 was not gravid, as evidenced by the largest ovarian follicles measuring &lt;2 mm in diameter and lacking yolk. This individual had extensive fat bodies. Two other paratopotype females (CAS 201593 – SVL 59.5 mm and TL 64.8 mm; CAS 201594 – SVL 59.9 mm and TL 75.6 mm) collected on 12 September 1996 were gravid.  Clutch characteristics were not measured for these individuals.  From a small sample, the temporal incidence of gravidity in females at  Bwindi Impenetrable National Park seems to correspond with the two annual peaks in precipitation for this region (i.e. March–May and October–November), which is a common phenomenon among chameleon species (Tilbury, 2010). We speculate that egg production may not occur during only one rainy period per year or females may produce two clutches per year. More investigation with a larger sample is warranted to determine the seasonal reproductive cycle for females of this new species  . </p>
            <p> All males had darkly pigmented testes (i.e. black coloration). All collected males were sexually mature. One male paratopotype (UTEP 21488) with SVL 48.5 mm and TL 64.2 mm collected on 26 May 2014 had enlarged testes. The right testis of this individual measured 6.24 mm in length and 4.91 mm in width. This individual had minor fat bodies. A male paratype (UTEP 21489) with SVL 51.6 mm and TL 65.8 mm collected on 31 May 2014 also had enlarged testes. The right testis of this individual measured 6.65 mm in length and 4.93 mm in width. Fat bodies for this individual were moderate . </p>
            <p> Diet: Three specimens examined for gut contents had identifiable remains of arthropod prey items, one specimen had an empty stomach (UTEP 21487) and one specimen had only a bolus of unidentifiable remains surrounded by a white mucus membrane (UTEP 21488). The stomach of one female (UTEP 21490) contained Mantodea,  Araneae ,  Hymenoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera. A second female (UTEP 21486) stomach contained  Araneae and  Hymenoptera . A male (UTEP 21489) stomach contained Diptera. </p>
            <p> Distribution and natural history:  Kinyongia tolleyae sp. nov. is found in moist Afrotemperate montane and sub-montane forests at an elevation range from 1655 to 2362 m. Most specimens were collected from forest edges within Bwindi Impenetrable National Park. Several specimens were found on sleeping perches relatively high in the canopy (c. 5 m above ground) and some were found lower (c. 2 m above ground). One specimen (UTEP 21489) was collected from secondary forest on disturbed vegetation (c. 2.5 m above ground) near the Ruboni Community Hotel just outside of Rwenzori Mountains National Park. The presence of this species at two disjunct mountain blocks suggests a recent forest connection between these areas and increases the likelihood that this species is more widespread than currently known. For example, Vonesh (2001) recorded  Chamaeleo (=  Kinyongia )  adolfifriderici from Kibale National Park in Uganda, which is less than 50 km from Rwenzori Mountains National Park, and thus the observation was potentially this new species. We speculate that  K. tolleyae sp. nov. may also occur in other montane protected areas with suitable forest habitat near these two sites (e.g. forest reserves contiguous with Queen Elizabeth National Park and Mgahinga Gorilla National Park). Both collected males seemed sexually mature, and four female specimens were gravid. To the best of our knowledge, no juveniles have been detected to date. Behaviour and activity patterns are basically unknown, but likely similar to that of  K. adolfifriderici (Tilbury, 2010) . Intersexual interactions were observed among a few specimens before preservation. When a male was placed in the presence of two females, male body colour became milky white, regions on the head greener, powder-blue eye skin became much more striking and distinct diamond patterns suddenly </p>
            <p>*Enlarged ovarian follicles present in body cavity of specimen. Eggs and CTD were not evaluated for CAS specimens.</p>
            <p> formed on the tail. Whereas female background colour turned a rich green, ventral portions of the body became noticeably whiter and the lateral body patches became marked with a brown hue at the edges and the centre became a purer white (Fig 8D). For a detailed list of lizard species present at the type locality, see Drewes &amp; Vindum (1998). Other species collected from Rwenzori Mountains National Park comprised typical AR lizard fauna and some endemic species, including  Adolfus jacksoni ,  Kinyongia carpenteri ,  K. xenorhina ,  Leptosiaphos meleagris ,  Rhampholeon boulengeri ,  Trioceros ellioti ,  T. johnstoni and  T. rudis . </p>
            <p> Conservation: Bwindi Impenetrable National Park and Rwenzori Mountains National Park are wellestablished members of the protected area network in the AR. These areas constitute some of the few remaining portions of intact Afromontane forests in the Kigezi Highlands. Nevertheless, these forests face similar anthropogenic threats to other protected areas across the region. The current range of  K. tolleyae sp. nov. falls within the boundaries of these two protected areas and we suspect it may be present in nearby protected areas with suitable habitat. </p>
            <p>Etymology: The specific epithet is named in honour of Krystal A. Tolley for her substantial contributions to chameleon biology, with the Latin suffix – ae to denote feminine genitive singular. To date, Krystal has participated in the description of 12 new chameleon species, published copious primary research articles on chameleons covering a remarkable breadth of subjects and coauthored (or edited) two important books on chameleons (Tolley &amp; Burger, 2007; Tolley &amp; Herrel, 2013).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03828B0CFF95FFD838DCFB6FCBDD40D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hughes, Daniel F.;Kusamba, Chifundera;Behangana, Mathias;Greenbaum, Eli	Hughes, Daniel F., Kusamba, Chifundera, Behangana, Mathias, Greenbaum, Eli (2017): Integrative taxonomy of the Central African forest chameleon, Kinyongia adolfifriderici (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae), reveals underestimated species diversity in the Albertine Rift. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 400-438
03828B0CFF90FFD83888FAA7C8FE4201.text	03828B0CFF90FFD83888FAA7C8FE4201.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kinyongia itombwensis Hughes & Kusamba & Behangana & Greenbaum 2017	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> KINYONGIA ITOMBWENSIS SP. NOV.</p>
            <p>(FIGS 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10; TABLES 3, 6)</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FE73D06B-2A32-44DF-8930-C1FB6331675F</p>
            <p> K. adolfifriderici – Greenbaum et al., 2012a: fig. 2, Appendix II – Phylogenetic placement and genetic distances. </p>
            <p> K. adolfifriderici – Tilbury &amp; Tolley, 2015: fig. 4 – Phylogenetic placement. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03828B0CFF90FFD83888FAA7C8FE4201	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hughes, Daniel F.;Kusamba, Chifundera;Behangana, Mathias;Greenbaum, Eli	Hughes, Daniel F., Kusamba, Chifundera, Behangana, Mathias, Greenbaum, Eli (2017): Integrative taxonomy of the Central African forest chameleon, Kinyongia adolfifriderici (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae), reveals underestimated species diversity in the Albertine Rift. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 400-438
03828B0CFF90FFD438EEF9F6CBF2418B.text	03828B0CFF90FFD438EEF9F6CBF2418B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Common name	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Common name : Itombwe forest chameleon. </p>
            <p>
                  Holotype: UTEP 20371 (field no. EBG 1605), adult female, DRC, South Kivu Province, Mwenga Territory, Itombwe Plateau, near  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.794443/lat -3.3409998)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.794443&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.3409998">Bichaka village</a>
                 , 03°20′27.6″S 28°47′40.0″E, 2208 m elevation, 20 June 2008, collected by E. Greenbaum, C. Kusamba, M.M. Aristote and W.M. Muninga (Fig. 9A, D). 
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            <p>
                  Paratypes: One adult female, UTEP 21479 (field no. ELI 3357), DRC, South Kivu Province, Mwenga Territory, Itombwe Plateau,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.57625/lat -3.4322224)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.57625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.4322224">Kilumbi village</a>
                 , 03°25′56.0″S 28°34′34.5″E, 2020 m elevation, 16 June 2015, collected by M.M. Aristote (Fig. 9B–C)  ;   one adult male, UTEP 21480 (field no. CFS 908), DRC, South Kivu Province, Mwenga Territory, Itombwe Plateau,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.690111/lat -3.3567777)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.690111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.3567777">Miki village</a>
                 , 03°21′24.4″S 28°41′24.4″E, c. 2200 m elevation, 1 October 2010, collected by M.M. Aristote. 
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            <p> Diagnosis:  Kinyongia itombwensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other  Kinyongia species by the following combination of traits: (1) lack of rostro-nasal ornamentation in both sexes; (2) small body size (mean SVL = 51.1 mm); (3) few conical tubercles on dorsal crest (6–7); (4) casque almost indistinct from nape; (5) absence of both a gular and ventral crest; (6) 13–16 upper and 15–16 lower labials; (7) slightly bilobed shape of the upper casque; (8) tail length longer than SVL in both sexes; (9) parietal crest composed of several raised tubercles forming a semi-circle with an extension that connects posteriorly to apex of the casque; (10) background coloration of the body in adult females is generally shades of green and yellow; (11) darker brown pigment covers the cloacal region and extends distally onto hidden parts of the hind limbs and tail in adult females; (12) interstitial skin between the tubercles on the body is black, which is lighter in colour anteriorly and off-white on the nape; (13) a brown stripe passes through the middle of the eye, extending from the canthal ridge to the temporal crest, and the eye skin above and below the stripe is yellowish-green with flecks of blue; (14) the top of the head is darker brown than elsewhere; (15) tubercles on the casque converge to form a weakly raised peak posteriorly; (16) dorsal keel that is darker green-brown than elsewhere, with incomplete vertical black bands. </p>
            <p> Differential diagnosis: A small-sized forest chameleon that is distinguished from most other congeners by the absence of a rostral process in both sexes (  K. asheorum ,  K. boehmei ,  K. carpenteri ,  K. fischeri ,  K. magomberae ,  K. matschiei ,  K. msuyae ,  K. multituberculata ,  K. oxyrhina ,  K. tavetana ,  K. tenuis ,  K. uluguruensis ,  K. uthmoelleri ,  K. vanheygeni ,  K. vosseleri and  K. xenorhina ). The new species can be distinguished from  K. adolfifriderici by more lower labials (15–16 vs. 12–15). For differences between  K. rugegensis sp. nov. and  K. tolleyae sp. nov. to  K. itombwensis sp. nov. , see their respective sections on Differential diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished from  K. mulyai and  K. excubitor by the presence of a dorsal crest with 6–7 conical tubercles and marked mitochondrial sequence divergence. The new species can be distinguished from  K. gyrolepis by a smaller mean body size (51.1 vs. 67.3 mm) and current distribution in moist Afromontane rainforest. </p>
            <p> Genetic differentiation and variation: Summary of pairwise sequence divergence for each molecular marker (16S, ND2, and RAG 1) among individuals of  K. itombwensis sp. nov. and other species of  Kinyongia endemic to the AR are presented in Table S2. For the ND2 locus, the p -distance between two  K. itombwensis sp. nov. samples was 0.6%. </p>
            <p> Description of holotype: Adult female, SVL 54.8 mm and TL 63.8 mm. Casque almost indistinguishably elevated above nape. Short apex on posterior casque. Casque slightly bilobed. Neck indistinct from head. Parietal crest consists of five enlarged tubercles. Parietal crest tubercles in semi-circle pattern at mid-casque and one distinctly larger conical tubercle present on either side. Ridge of parietal tubercles extending to raised apex of casque. Supra-orbital ridges smooth. Temporal crest consists of three enlarged tubercles extending posteriorly from mid-eye and ascending along posterior ridge of casque to apex. Nares open laterally, in posterior orientation. Canthal ridge consists of five raised tubercles descending from eye towards snout and one distinctly larger conical tubercle present anteriorly. Thirteen upper and 15 lower labials present along tip of snout to posterior margin of orbit. No gular or ventral crests present. Six distinctly raised conical tubercles present on anterior portion of dorsal crest, absent far before mid-body. Tail and lateral flanks smooth. Body covered in nearly homogenous, flattened tubercles. Some larger polygonal tubercles present dorsally on flanks. Rosette patches of smaller tubercles present on ventral body. Mostly enlarged flattened tubercles present on outer portions of limbs. Claws typical of  Kinyongia species.</p>
            <p>Coloration of holotype (in ethanol): Photographs of the body and head detail of the holotype (in preservative) are presented in Fig. 10. The background coloration is various shades of blue and purple with darker grey areas on dorsal parts of the body and tail. The venter, beginning below the nape to the cloacal region, is lighter in colour, almost pink to off-white. Patches of lighter purple-blue are present behind the eye, near the commissure of mouth and extend onto the gular area. The ventral portions of the tail are off-white. The axillary and inguinal regions are of lighter pigment than elsewhere on the body. The soles of the feet are yellowish-white.</p>
            <p>Coloration of holotype (in life): Photographs of the holotype (in life) are presented in Figure 9A, D. The top of the head is covered in dark brown tubercles with black interstitium. Below the temporal crest to the canthal ridge, the head is covered in light brown and yellow tubercles with green interstitium. At mid-eye, there is a dark lateral stripe that connects the brown coloration on the canthal ridge to the temporal crest. The skin above and below the stripe on the eye is yellow-green with minor powder blue speckles. Labial scales are heterogeneous in colour with mostly hues of yellow and brown. The gular region just below the tip of the snout is yellow, which fades to off-white posteriorly until entirely absent at the nape. The ventral regions of the body are light green in colour, with shades of white and powder blue. The background coloration of the body is green with yellow-edged tubercles and black interstitium. Two medium-sized grey patches are positioned slightly anteriorly and posteriorly from mid-body on the lateral flanks. These patches are surrounded by slightly darker green tubercles. Several dark vertical bands begin on the dorsal keel and quickly fade ventrally, without reaching to mid-body. Smaller body tubercles form rosettes, with light green colour filling spaces between tubercles. Interstitial skin on the venter is lighter than elsewhere. Tubercles near axillary and inguinal regions, and hidden parts of limbs, are mostly white with flecks of green. The dorsal crest has darker green-brown tubercles than elsewhere and this pattern extends onto the tail. The posterior third of the tail appears darker green than other parts of the tail, and in general, coloration of the tail is darker than the body.</p>
            <p>Hemipenis: Only a single male specimen was found (UTEP 21480) and the hemipenis was not everted upon collection in the field.</p>
            <p> Variation: Descriptive morphometrics of  K. itombwensis sp. nov. are presented in Table 6 and a summary of mean measurements in Table 3. Chameleon photographs for two individuals displaying colour variation in life are presented in Fig. 9. Morphological proportions in paratypes are generally consistent with those in the holotype. Too few specimens have been collected to draw reliable inferences regarding intraspecies or intersexual variation. Also, no male photographs were available for comparative descriptions between male and female colour patterns in life. The following observations are based on photographs of two female specimens. When agitated, the head was almost entirely black, interstitial skin was lighter and more conspicuous, and large patches on the flanks were dark brown (Fig. 9B, C). When the mouth was opened in a defensive posture, the gular region was expanded and displayed an off-white interstitium (Fig. 9B, C). Two white patches, one positioned slightly anteriorly and a second slightly posteriorly from mid-body, are present on the lateral flanks of the female holotype, but not present on a female paratype. Photographs of the holotype (Fig. 9A, D) likely reflect more normal coloration for the species in life, whereas photographs of a paratype (Fig. 9B, C) are of a distressed individual in defensive posture that is displaying aggressive coloration in life. </p>
            <p> Reproduction:   Two female specimens collected on 16 June 2008 (UTEP 20371) and 20 June 2015 (UTEP 21479) were not gravid.  These specimens measured SVL 54.8 mm and 63.8 mm (UTEP 20371), and SVL 52.2 mm and 68.0 mm (UTEP 21479).  The largest ovarian follicles for these two individuals measured &lt;3 mm and the follicles lacked evidence of yolk.  Fat bodies were minor for both of these individuals.  We speculate that the reproductive status of these females may reflect a period with less rainfall between June and September in the Itombwe Plateau (Jones &amp; Harris, 2008), or that these individuals were not sexually mature despite being of a similar body size to adults of closely related species. More investigation with a larger sample is necessary to determine the reproductive aspects of this new species  . </p>
            <p>A single adult male (UTEP 21480) had darkly pigmented testes (i.e. black coloration) and was sexually mature. This individual with SVL 52.2 mm and TL 68.0 mm collected on 1 October 2010 had enlarged testes. The right testis of this individual measured 6.16 mm in length and 4.17 mm in width. This individual had minor fat bodies.</p>
            <p> Diet:  Two female specimens examined for gut contents had empty stomachs (UTEP 20371 and UTEP 21479), and one male specimen (UTEP 21480) had only a few unidentifiable remains of arthropod prey items . </p>
            <p> Distribution and natural history:  Kinyongia itombwensis sp. nov. is known from only three localities in the montane forest of the Itombwe Plateau at an elevation range from 2020 to 2208 m. The holotype was found in the vicinity of Bichaka village in a mixed habitat composed of primary forest and agriculture fields. This species seems to be restricted to higher elevation montane rainforest; however, the small number of specimens collected hindered our ability to deduce reliable natural history information. No juveniles were detected during multiple repeated search periods in the plateau and surrounding areas. Behaviour and activity patterns are essentially unknown, but likely similar to that of  K. adolfifriderici (Tilbury, 2010) . One male specimen (UTEP 21480) contained a species of parasitic nematode (  Rhabdias spp. ) in its lung (C. Bursey, personal communication). Other lizard species collected from Itombwe comprised typical AR lizard fauna and some endemic species, including  Congolacerta vauereselli ,  Holaspis cf. guentheri ,  Leptosiaphos blochmanni ,  L. graueri ,  Rhampholeon boulengeri ,  Trachylepis varia ,  Trioceros johnstoni and  T. schoutedeni . </p>
            <p>Conservation: Given the extremely high level of vertebrate endemism harboured in the Itombwe Plateau and the known range of this new species as it currently stands, it is possible that this species is endemic to the Itombwe and Kabobo plateaus. Although gazetted as a reserve in 2006, anthropogenic pressures in this region are substantial and pose serious threats to the biological integrity of Itombwe’s forest and its resident fauna (reviewed by Greenbaum &amp; Kusamba, 2012).</p>
            <p>Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from the massif, Itombwe, where this species was found, with the Latin suffix – ensis denoting a place or locality.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03828B0CFF90FFD438EEF9F6CBF2418B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hughes, Daniel F.;Kusamba, Chifundera;Behangana, Mathias;Greenbaum, Eli	Hughes, Daniel F., Kusamba, Chifundera, Behangana, Mathias, Greenbaum, Eli (2017): Integrative taxonomy of the Central African forest chameleon, Kinyongia adolfifriderici (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae), reveals underestimated species diversity in the Albertine Rift. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 400-438
