identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0382F17FFFFE3D549986F9CEFC406EC0.text	0382F17FFFFE3D549986F9CEFC406EC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheimas Staudinger	<div><p>Cheimas Staudinger</p><p>Type species: Oxeoschistus opalinus Staudinger, 1897: 145 –146, by original designation.</p><p>Generic diagnosis. Adults of this genus can be identified immediately by the rounded or oval greenish blue patch on the hindwing dorsum. Such a colour pattern is nearly exclusive to Cheimas among neotropical Satyrinae, and the only species with a somewhat similar bluish patch is Mygona irmina (Doubleday) which however has a completely different wing shape with scalloped hindwing margin, which is smooth in Cheimas, and a forewing distal margin produced below the apex, smooth in Cheimas . Several species of Lasiophila C. Felder &amp; R. Felder, and one of Steromapedaliodes Forster have bright, oval hindwing patches but these are invariably snowy white, and additionally Lasiophila have hindwing tail-like extensions along vein CuA1, absent in Cheimas .</p><p>Redescription. Head: Antennae composed of 32 flagellomeres (based on 10 specimens representing all the subspecies), orange brown, naked, except some sparse scales on basal segments, club composed of 9 flagellomeres, slightly flattened, dorsally blackish–brown; eyes chocolate brown, densely hairy covered with black setae; labial palpi 2.5 the length of head, covered with thick hairy scales, dorsally sandy yellow, ventrally black, brown and chestnut. Thorax: black, covered with golden brown hair on the sides, in the middle mostly naked except for some tiny dark blue scales. Legs brown, covered with rather sparse sandy yellow scales and hair. Wings: Shape: FW triangular with a subacute apex and a slightly concave outer margin; FW rounded with delicately undulated margins; Venation (Fig. 12): FW vein R2 arising separately from R3+R4+R5; cross vein r–M1 short but present; cross vein m1–m2 well incurved basally; vestigial discal–cell veinlet present. HW humeral vein present; cross vein m1–m2 four times longer than rs–m1 and incurving basally at a sharp angle; A1 and A2 separate along their entire length; Colour patterns: Dorsal FW and HW ground colour brown or chestnut; a bluish or greenish HW median patch, rounded or oval; Ventral FW mostly reddish brown with faint postdiscal and submarginal lines; HW ground colour highly variable, between dusty yellow and reddish brown with a pattern of irregular median, postdiscal and submarginal lines, and in some populations a sandy yellow discal spot. Abdomen: Male genitalia: Simple, characterized by a long and stout uncus, long subunci, longer than half the length of uncus, narrow and uplifted, elongated and rather slender valvae with a blunt apex and slightly irregular dorsal surface occasionally produced in the form of a short process, a rather deep saccus and aedeagus straight or slightly arched, about the length of valvae, smooth. Female genitalia: Papillae anales large; apophysis posterior short but present; a spatiose membraneous pocket enclosing antrum; paddle–like antevaginal and postvaginal lamellae; ductus bursae of intermediate length and width as compared to other genera of Pronophilina, straight, with an internal sclerotized slat; corpus bursae oval or rounded without signa (see: Pyrcz et al., 2011; 2017).</p><p>Subspecies discrimination. We identified five geographically well–defined and morphologically discrete subspecies of Cheimas opalinus, described below, differing from each other mostly by their dorsal colour patterns, in particular the shade of the brown ground colour, and colour and shape of the hindwing upperside greenish-blue patch. The entire FWD and most of the HWD of C. opalinus is uniform brown, however the shades of brown varying between chestnut and blackish–brown are valuable taxonomic characters. The HWD median patch is the only conspicuous feature varying between steely blue and shining green. The shade can be very useful in helping to distinguish between the subspecies, but considerable caution is needed. The scales that make up the patch have a tendency to fall away, particularly in ageing individuals. It leads to the alteration in the colour of the patch, and with time blue shades tend to prevail over light green. Eventually, some individuals may even lose completely their blue scales, more frequently in the females. Therefore, the descriptions of the subspecies is based on freshly emerged specimens exclusively, although the characters diagnostic for each subspecies are evident even in older, worn specimens in most cases.</p><p>Ventral colour patterns are fairly variable among subspecies, especially on the HW. For example, the individual form spoliatus is characterized by the lack of any white pattern on the HWV. HWV pattern can be light and dull in some specimens, heavily suffused with blackish scales and contrasting in others. HW postmedian and submarginal lines can take different shapes as well. FWV ground colour, varying between orange brown and dark brick red is somewhat more stable and specific to given populations, and can be used, with some restriction as a taxonomic character.</p><p>The various subspecies of Cheimas opalinus also differ in size and, to some extent in wing shape, which can be appreciated based on long series of examined individuals from different populations. These are valuable taxonomic characters that have been taken into consideration in defining the subspecies. Sexual dimorphism in the subspecies of C. opalinus is little marked and limited to the slightly larger size of the female, lighter dorsal ground colour, paler and less patterned HWV, and more undulated HW margin.</p><p>Male and female genitalia also provide some taxonomic information, even if the differences between the subspecies are slight and mostly quantitative affecting the proportions of sclerites and, to some extent, their shape, rather than the presence or absence of morphological structures. Male genitalia differ between the subspecies mostly in the shape of valvae and the size of the subapical dorsal process, and those of female genitalia in the width and length of ductus bursae and shape of processi at the entrance of the antrum. Subspecific differences between female genitalia are more pronounced than between male genitalia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0382F17FFFFE3D549986F9CEFC406EC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pyrcz, Tomasz W.;Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga;Boyer, Pierre;Zubek, Anna	Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga, Boyer, Pierre, Zubek, Anna (2018): Subspecies-level systematics and affinities of Cheimas Thieme - an endemic genus of the subparamo of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 4422 (2): 219-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.2.4
0382F17FFFF83D539986FF36FD4F6E73.text	0382F17FFFF83D539986FF36FD4F6E73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheimas opalinus subsp. opalinus (Staudinger) Staudinger	<div><p>Cheimas opalinus opalinus (Staudinger)</p><p>(Figs. 1A–F, 2A–F, 9A–B, 11A)</p><p>Oxeoschistus opalinus Staudinger, O. Neue Südamerikanische Tagfalter. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 1897 (10): 145–146, pl. 5, fig. 10. (male), ab. spoliatus, p. 146, pl. 5 fig. 10, underside, types: males, Sierra Nevada de Mérida, " 3–4000 m " (according to Adams &amp; Bernard, 1981: 348, 6 (4 male syntypes in ZMHU, Berlin, [examined]).</p><p>Cheimas opalinus (Staudinger); Thieme, 1907: 175 –176; Weymer (in Seitz), 1912: 271, pl. 58, row d, male, upperside; Gaede, 1931: 516; Adams &amp; Bernard, 1981: 348 –349; Lamas, Viloria &amp; Pyrcz, 2004: 207.</p><p>Cheimas opalinus ab. spoliatus Thieme, 1907: 177 (Staudinger in litt.); Lamas, Viloria &amp; Pyrcz, 2004: 207.</p><p>Material examined: VENEZUELA, Cordillera de Mérida, Mérida State: 1 ♂: Edo . Mérida, Mucujún, 3000 m, 01.IV.1992, T . Pyrcz leg., prep. genit. 03/ 05.01.2005, T. Pyrcz; 1 ♂: P. N. La Culata, Monte Zerpa, 2900 m, 31.V.1992, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 4 ♂: La Culata, 3150 m, 16.II.1996, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1 ♂: Mucujún, 3000 m, 01.I.1992, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 3 ♂: La Culata, Alto Río Mucujún, 3050–3100 m, 03.IV.2006, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1 ♂: La Culata, Alto Río Mucujún, 3200–3250 m, 03.IV.2006, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1 ♂: P. N. La Culata, Mucujún, 3000 m, 01.IV.1991, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 3 ♂: P. N. La Culata, Sector Monterrey, 3000–3050 m, 06.IV.2006, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 2 ♂: no locality data, ex coll. Krausiewicz, Oberschilesches Landesmuseum, acq. code 01/1998; 1 ♂: Merida, ex coll. Staudinger &amp; Bang – Haas; 10 ♂: P. N. La Culata, Jají—Las Gonzales, Qda. La Boba, 3200–3250 m, 18–19.VII.2006, T . Pyrcz leg. (1 ♂: prep. genit. 403/ 21.08.2016 J. Lorenc; 1 ♀: prep. genit. 392/ 08.06.2016 J. Lorenc) ; 1 ♂: no data; 5 ♂: El Aguila—Piñango, Sector El Potrero, Km 26, 2900–2950 m, 09.IV.2006, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 4 ♂: El Aguila—Piñango, Sector El Potrero, Km 26, 2900–2950 m, 04.IV.2006, T . Pyrcz leg. (1 SEM prep., prep. genit. 390/ 30.06.2016, J. Lorenc); 1 ♂: P. N. Sierra Nevada, La Aguada, 3400–3450 m, 01.II.2007, T . Pyrcz leg., (prep. genit. 404/ 21.08.2016, J. Lorenc); 1 ♂: Tuñame—Esnujaque, La Morita, 2900–2950 m, 16.II.2010, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 2 ♀: P. N. La Culata, Jají—Las Gonzales, Qda. La Boba, 3200–3250 m, 18–19.VII.2006, T. Pyrcz leg. ; Trujillo State: 1 ♀: Tafayes—Piñango, paso, 3100–3150 m, 31.VII.2009, T. Pyrcz leg., CEP-MZUJ ; 1 ♂: Venezueal, Merida, ex Staudinger &amp; Bang-Haas, 2016-221, köcsön anyag 2007. IX.26 ; 1 ♂: P. N. Sierra Nevada, La Aguada, 3400–3450 m, 01.II.2007, 2016 -221, köcsön anyag 2007. IX.26, HMNH; 3 ♂: La Culata, “ Cabaña de los Curas ”, sector Monterrey, 3100–3150m, 6.IV.2006, P. Boyer leg. ; 8 ♂: La Culata, 3000/ 3200 m, 3.IV.2006, P. Boyer leg. ; 11 ♂: via el Aguila a Piñango km26, El Potrero, 3200/ 3300 m, 8.IV.2006, P. Boyer leg. ; 2 ♂: Páramo de los Conejos, las Gonzales, Quebrada de la Boba, 3150 m, 19.II.2010, T. Pyrcz leg., PBF .</p><p>Diagnosis. Both males and females of the nominate subspecies of Cheimas opalinus (Figs. 1A–F, 2A–F) are readily identified based on the large, rounded HW patch, larger than in any other subspecies, covering about 2/3 of discal cell, brownish brick red FWV, and particularly dark, blackish upperside ground colour. They are also usually larger than other subspecies except C. opalinus dominici n. ssp. Female’s ductus bursae (Fig. 11A) is shorter and wider.</p><p>FWL: 27–31.5 mm, mean: 28.9 mm (n=40).</p><p>D colour: blackish brown, uniform</p><p>HWP colour: metallic green</p><p>HWP shape: rounded or gently oval, from the postbasal to the postmedian–submarginal anal area, covering two–thirds of discal cell, entering the base of M3–CuA1, and rarely M2–M3</p><p>Individual variation. Slight, and involves only to a limited extend the size of the HWD green patch put not its shape or shades of brown groundcolour.</p><p>Geographic range. Central part of CM, Chama valley, northern slopes of the Sierra Nevada and southern slopes of La Culata, and north-western (Maracaibo Lake) slopes of La Culata. A distribution map of all the subspecies is presented on Fig. 13.</p><p>Altitudinal range. 2900—3450 m a.s.l.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0382F17FFFF83D539986FF36FD4F6E73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pyrcz, Tomasz W.;Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga;Boyer, Pierre;Zubek, Anna	Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga, Boyer, Pierre, Zubek, Anna (2018): Subspecies-level systematics and affinities of Cheimas Thieme - an endemic genus of the subparamo of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 4422 (2): 219-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.2.4
0382F17FFFF83D509986F8D0FDB16CF8.text	0382F17FFFF83D509986F8D0FDB16CF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheimas opalinus subsp. rosalinus Pyrcz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Boyer & Zubek 2018	<div><p>Cheimas opalinus rosalinus Pyrcz, n. ssp.</p><p>(Figs. 3A–D, 4A–D, 10E, 11F)</p><p>Type locality: Páramo El Rosal, southern Batallón Massif, Cordillera de Mérida, Táchira State, Venezuela</p><p>A. Cheimas opalinus opalinus male, La Culata</p><p>B. Cheimas opalinus opalinus male, Mérida (ex. coll. Staudinger)</p><p>C. Cheimas opalinus opalinus male, El Potrero</p><p>D. Cheimas opalinus opalinus female, La Culata</p><p>E. Cheimas opalinus opalinus male, Esnujaque via Tuñame</p><p>F. Cheimas opalinus opalinus female, El Potrero</p><p>A. Cheimas opalinus opalinus male, La Culata</p><p>B. Cheimas opalinus opalinus male, Mérida (ex. coll. Staudinger)</p><p>C. Cheimas opalinus opalinus male, El Potrero</p><p>D. Cheimas opalinus opalinus female, La Culata</p><p>E. Cheimas opalinus opalinus male, Esnujaque via Tuñame</p><p>F. Cheimas opalinus opalinus female, El Potrero</p><p>Material examined: HOLOTYPE ♂: VENEZUELA, Cordillera de Mérida, Táchira State: Páramo El Rosal, 2950 –3050 m, 01–02.III.1996, T. Pyrcz leg., CEP-MZUJ (to be deposited in MIZA) ; PARATYPES: VENEZUELA, Cordillera de Mérida, Táchira State: 61 ♂: Páramo El Rosal, 2950 –3050 m, 01–02.III.1996, T. Pyrcz leg., (1 prep. 388/ 30.05.2016 J. Lorenc, 2 prep. genit. 389/ 30.05.2016 J. Lorenc) ; 30 ♂: El Batallón, Páramo El Rosal, 3000–3050 m, 01.XII.2005, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 3 ♂: El Batallón, Páramo El Rosal, 3000–3050 m, 02.XII.2005, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1 ♂: El Batallón, Páramo El Rosal, 3000–3050 m, 03.XII.2005, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1 ♀: El Batallón, Páramo El Rosal, 2900 –2950 m, 29.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1 ♀: El Batallón, Páramo El Rosal, 3000–3050 m, 01.XII.2005, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1 ♀: El Batallón, Páramo El Rosal, 3000–3050 m, 01–02.III.1996, prep. genit. 391/ 08.06.2016 J. Lorenc, CEP-MZUJ ; 2 ♂: El Batallón, Páramo El Rosal, 3000–3050 m, 01.XII.2005, T. Pyrcz leg. 2016-221, kölcsön anyag 2007 . IX.26, HMNH; 1 ♀: El Batallón, Páramo El Rosal, 2900 –2950 m, 29.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 49 ♂ and 2 ♀: Paramo el Rosal, La Grita vers San José de Bolivar km 22, 3050 m, 1.XII.2005, P. Boyer leg., PBF.</p><p>Diagnosis. Both sexes of this subspecies are immediately recognizable from all other subspecies of C. opalinus by the lighter, chestnut upperside ground colour, and the very small HWD blue patch, elongated and restricted mostly to the anal area, and a lighter steely blue than in any other C. opalinus subspecies. They are usually smaller than all the subspecies of C. opalinus, except C. opalinus cristalinus n. ssp., with a somewhat more acute FW apex. Female’s ductus bursae (Fig. 11F) is narrow and longer than all the subspecies of C. opalinus except for C. opalinus cristalinus n. ssp (Fig. 11 D–E).</p><p>Description. Head, thorax and abdomen not differing from C. opalinus . Wings described below:</p><p>FWL: 26–29 mm, mean: 28,2 mm (n=65).</p><p>D colour: glossy chestnut, lighter basally</p><p>HWP colour: metallic steely blue</p><p>HWP shape: subtriangular, extending from postbasal area, along the outer margin of the discal cell and vein CuA1, and along the anal margin to postmedian area, generally not entering the discal cell, nor cell M3–CuA1, except occasionally for a few scales</p><p>Individual variation. In some specimens, the lightening of the chestnut colour is limited to the basal area and discal cell, in others, a majority, it spreads distally from the discal cell to the submarginal area. On the FW the transition between basal chestnut and distal brown is gradual. On the hindwing the limit between the two shades is sharper.</p><p>Etymology. This subspecies is named after its type locality, Páramo El Rosal.</p><p>Geographic range. Páramo El Rosal, apparently throughout the southern part of the Páramo de Batallón massif in the Cordillera de Mérida. It has not been reported so far from the southernmost Páramo Zumbador, nor from the north-westward Páramo La Negra.</p><p>Altitudinal range. 2900–3050 m a.s.l.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0382F17FFFF83D509986F8D0FDB16CF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pyrcz, Tomasz W.;Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga;Boyer, Pierre;Zubek, Anna	Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga, Boyer, Pierre, Zubek, Anna (2018): Subspecies-level systematics and affinities of Cheimas Thieme - an endemic genus of the subparamo of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 4422 (2): 219-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.2.4
0382F17FFFFB3D5D9986FA4BFF28681A.text	0382F17FFFFB3D5D9986FA4BFF28681A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheimas opalinus subsp. iosephi Pyrcz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Boyer & Zubek 2018	<div><p>Cheimas opalinus iosephi x Ch. opalinus rosalinus</p><p>(Figs. 3E–F, 4E–F, 10F)</p><p>Material examined: VENEZUELA, Cordillera de Mérida, Mérida State: 6 ♂: El Batallón, Antena—Cenegón, 2900–2950 m, 01.II.2008, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 19 ♂: El Batallón, Quebrada de Los Píos, 2900–2950 m, 03.XII.2005, T. Pyrcz leg., 1 prep. genit. 386/ 30.05.2016 J. Lorenc ; 5 ♂: El Batallón, Quebrada de Los Píos, 2900–2950 m, 29.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 6 ♂: El Batallón, Quebrada de Los Píos, 2900–2950 m, 10.II.2007, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 2 ♂: El Batallón, Quebrada de Los Píos, 2850–2900 m, 04.III.1996, T. Pyrcz leg., 1 prep. genit. 04/ 07.05.2005 T. Pyrcz, CEP-MZUJ ; 2 ♂: El Batallón, Quebrada de Los Píos, 2900–2950 m, 29.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg. , 1 ♂: El Batallón, Quebrada de Los Píos, 2900–2950 m, 03.XII.2005, T. Pyrcz leg., HNHM ; 11 ♂: La Grita vers Pregonero km 28, bifurcation de Bailadores vers Pregonero km 2.1, 2900 m, 29.XI.2005, P. Boyer leg. ; 12 ♂: Bailadores vers Pregonero km 28, 2.2 km après jonction de la Grita, 2900 m, 02.XII.2005, P. Boyer leg. ; 4 ♂: Mesa Alta, la Grita–Pregonero km 33.5, bifurcation Bailadores vers Pregonero km 5.6, 2850 m, 29.XI.2005, P. Boyer leg. ; 2 ♂: Mesa Alta, Bailadores vers Pregonero km 33.5, 5.5 km après jonction de la Grita, 2750 m, 2.XII.2005, P. Boyer leg., PBF .</p><p>A. Cheimas opalinus rosalinus male, PARATPE, El Rosal</p><p>B. Cheimas opalinus rosalinus female, PARATYPE, El Rosal</p><p>C. Cheimas opalinus rosalinus male, PARATYPE, El Rosal</p><p>D. Cheimas opalinus rosalinus female, PARATYPE, El Rosal</p><p>E. Cheimas opalinus rosalinus x iosephi male, Qda. de Los Píos</p><p>F. Cheimas opalinus rosalinus x iosephi male, Qda. de Los Píos</p><p>A. Cheimas opalinus rosalinus male, PARATPE, El Rosal</p><p>B. Cheimas opalinus rosalinus female, PARATYPE, El Rosal</p><p>C. Cheimas opalinus rosalinus male, PARATYPE, El Rosal</p><p>D. Cheimas opalinus rosalinus female, PARATYPE, El Rosal</p><p>E. Cheimas opalinus rosalinus x iosephi male, Qda. de Los Píos</p><p>F. Cheimas opalinus rosalinus x iosephi male, Qda. de Los Píos</p><p>Remarks. The populations occurring on the northern slopes of the Páramo de Batallón are characterized by individual variation beyond the usual range in Cheimas, and features intermediate between C. opalinus rosalinus n. ssp. and C. opalinus iosephi n. ssp. Such individuals are found in the Quebrada de Los Píos and vía Antenas. It appears that the two subspecies hybridize rather easily, judged by the number of individuals, and the hybrid zone is stable.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0382F17FFFFB3D5D9986FA4BFF28681A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pyrcz, Tomasz W.;Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga;Boyer, Pierre;Zubek, Anna	Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga, Boyer, Pierre, Zubek, Anna (2018): Subspecies-level systematics and affinities of Cheimas Thieme - an endemic genus of the subparamo of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 4422 (2): 219-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.2.4
0382F17FFFF63D5D9986FE35FDB16FB8.text	0382F17FFFF63D5D9986FE35FDB16FB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheimas opalinus subsp. iosephi Pyrcz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Boyer & Zubek 2018	<div><p>Cheimas opalinus iosephi Pyrcz &amp; Boyer, n. ssp.</p><p>(Figs. 5A–B, 6A–B, 9C–D, 11B)</p><p>Type locality: Páramo de San José, south-eastern Cordillera de Mérida, Mérida State, Venezuela</p><p>Material examined: HOLOTYPE ♂: VENEZUELA, Cordillera de Mérida, Mérida State: San José, Páramo de San José, 3000–3050 m, 05.XII.2005, T. Pyrcz leg., CEP-MZUJ (to be deposited in MIZA) ; PARATYPES: VENEZUELA, Cordillera de Mérida, Mérida State: 9 ♂: San José, Páramo de San José, 3000–3050 m, 05.XII.2005, T. Pyrcz leg. (1 prep. genit. 405/ 21.06.2016 J. Lorenc) ; 10 ♂: San José, Páramo de San José, 3000–3050 m, 11.II.2007, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 8 ♂: San José, Páramo de San José, 3000–3050 m, 20.II.2008, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 11 ♂: San José, Páramo de San José, 3000–3050 m, 28.II.2010, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 2 ♂: Sierra Nevada, Páramo de San Luis, 3100–3150 m, 07.IV.2003, M. Costa leg. (1 prep. genit. 03/ 07.05.2005, T. Pyrcz) ; 4 ♂: San José vers Mucutuy Km 11, 3000 m, 05.XII.2005, P. Boyer leg. ; 4 ♂: Mérida– Táchira State limit: El Batallón, Mesa Alta, 2900–2950 m, 03.XII.2005, T. Pyrcz leg., prep . genit. 564/ 12.07.2017 J. Lorenc; 1 ♀: San José, Páramo de San José, 3000–3050 m, 05.XII.2005, T. Pyrcz leg.,prep . genit. 487/ 17.11.2016 J. Lorenc; CEP-MZUJ; 2 ♂: San José, Páramo de San José, 3000–3050 m, 05.XII.2005, T. Pyrcz leg., 2016 -221, kölcsön anyag 2007. IX.26, HMNH; 10 ♂: San José vers Mucutuy km11, 3000 m, 5.XII.2005, P. Boyer leg. ; 8 ♂: Paramo de San José, 3100 m, 20.II.2008, P. Boyer leg., PBF. 5 ♂ and 1 ♀: San José, Páramo de San José, 3000–3050 m, 28.II.2010, H. Warren-Gash leg., HWG .</p><p>Diagnosis. In both sexes the HWD patch is oval and enters the cell, which it does not in C. opalinus rosalinus n. ssp. (Figs. 3A–D), but compared to the nominotypical it is invariably smaller, and has a bluish rather than greenish sheen, even in freshly emerged specimens. The upperside ground colour is blackish brown, compared to the chestnut of C. opalinus rosalinus n. ssp. Female’s ductus bursae is longer and slightly wider (Fig. 11B) than in C. opalinus rosalinus n. ssp. but narrower than in the nominate subspecies, being similar to C. opalinus dominici (Fig. 11C).</p><p>FWL: 26–30 mm, mean: 27.1 mm (n=49).</p><p>D colour: varying between blackish brown and coffee brown</p><p>HWP colour: metallic greenish blue</p><p>HWP shape: oval and always elongated along the anal margin, usually with a basal intrusion of brown, always entering the discal cell, usually covering lower one–fourth of the cell, and base of M3–CuA1</p><p>Individual variation. The population in San José is remarkably stable as far as the HWD bluish patch is concerned. In the Mesa Alta population, individual variation in the size and shape of the patch is appreciable, possibly to the gene flow from the nearby populations of C. opalinus rosalinus n. ssp.</p><p>Etymology. This subspecies owes its name to type locality, Páramo de San José, Santus Iosephus in Latin.</p><p>Geographic range. Eastern slopes of the Cordillera de Mérida, including the slopes of the Sierra Nevada, through the Páramo de San José, southwards to the northern slopes of the Paramo Batallón situated in Mérida State.</p><p>Altitudinal range. 2900–3050 m a.s.l.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0382F17FFFF63D5D9986FE35FDB16FB8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pyrcz, Tomasz W.;Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga;Boyer, Pierre;Zubek, Anna	Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga, Boyer, Pierre, Zubek, Anna (2018): Subspecies-level systematics and affinities of Cheimas Thieme - an endemic genus of the subparamo of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 4422 (2): 219-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.2.4
0382F17FFFF63D5A9986F894FD306E8D.text	0382F17FFFF63D5A9986F894FD306E8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheimas opalinus subsp. dominici Pyrcz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Boyer & Zubek 2018	<div><p>Cheimas opalinus dominici Pyrcz &amp; Boyer, n. ssp.</p><p>(Figs. 5C–F, 6C–F, 9E–F, 11C)</p><p>Type locality: El Baho, Valle de Santo Domingo, Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela</p><p>Material examined: HOLOTYPE ♂: VENEZUELA, Cordillera de Mérida, Mérida State, El Baho (transect)</p><p>via El Páramo, 2900 m, 24.XI.2005, T . Pyrcz leg., CEP-MZUJ (to be deposited in MIZA); PARATYPES: VENEZUELA, Cordillera de Mérida, Mérida State: 14 ♂: Pueblo Llano, Cańotal, 2750–2800 m, 29.XII.2004, M . Costa leg., 1 prep. genit. 402/ 21.06.2016 J. Lorenc, 2 prep. genit. 406/ 21.06.2016 J . Lorenc; 6 ♂: Pueblo Llano—Tuñame, Qda. Ranchería, 2900–2950 m, 27.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1 ♂: El Baho (transect) via El Páramo, 2900 m, 22.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 4 ♂: El Baho (transect) via El Páramo, 2900 –2950 m, 26.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1 ♂: El Baho (transect) via El Páramo, 2700 m, 26.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 3 ♂: El Baho (transect) via El Páramo, 2900 –2950 m, 21.XI.2005, T . Pyrcz leg., 1 prep. genit. 389/ 21.06.2016 J. Lorenc; 2 ♂: El Baho (transect) via El Páramo, 2900 m, 21.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 2 ♂: El Baho (transect) via El Páramo, 2850 m, 21.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1 ♂: El Baho (transect) via El Páramo, 3100 m, 24.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1 ♂: El Baho (transect) via El Páramo, 2900 –2950 m, 14.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1 ♂: El Baho (transect) via El Páramo, 2800 m, 22.XI.2005, T . Pyrcz leg., prep. genit. 401/ 21.06.2016 J. Lorenc; 1 ♂: El Baho—El Hatico, La Ciénaga, 2900–2950 m, 21.X.2005, T . Pyrcz leg., prep. genit. 399/ 21.06.2016 J. Lorenc; 1 ♂: no data ; 10 ♂: Mucubají—Santo Domingo, Los Frailes, 3000–3050 m, 08.VII.2006, T. Pyrcz leg., 1 prep. genit. 400/ 21.06.2016 J. Lorenc; Barinas State: 5 ♂: P. N. Sierra Nevada, Los Morritos, 3000–3050 m, 06.I.2006, M . Costa leg.; 1 ♂: P. N. Sierra Nevada, Los Morritos, 3100–3250 m, 11.II.2010, T . Pyrcz leg., prep. genit. 385/ 30.05.2016 J. Lorenc; 9 ♂: Trujillo State, vía Páramo Ortíz, Qda. Ortíz, 2900 –2950 m, 05.II.2008, T . Pyrcz leg., 1 prep. genit. 398/ 21.06.2016 J. Lorenc; 1 ♀: El Baho, El Hatico, 3300–3350 m, 24.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1 ♀: El Baho, El Hatico, 2900–2950 m, 14.II.2007, T . Pyrcz leg., prep. genit. 485/ 17.11.2016 J. Lorenc; 1 ♀: El Baho, P. N. Sierra Nevada, 3000–3050 m, 28.I.2008, T. Pyrcz leg., CEP- MZUJ ; 2 ♂: El Baho, La Ciénaga, 2900 m, 21.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg., 2016-221, kölcsön anyag 2007 . IX.26; 1 ♂: El Baho, La Ciénaga, 2900 m, 26.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg., 2016-221, kölcsön anyag 2007 . IX.26, 1 ♂: El Baho, vęa El Páramo, 2800 –2850 m, 22.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg., 2016-221, kölcsön anyag 2007 . IX.26; 1 ♂: Mucubají-Santo Domingo, Los Frailes, 3000–3050 m, 08.VI.2006, T. Pyrcz leg., kölcsön anyag 2007. IX.26, 1 ♂: El Baho, Sto Domingo-Apartaderos, 2850–3100 m, 21.XI.2005, Zs. Bálint &amp; B. Benedek leg., No,. 2 Biophot expedition, HMNH ; 3 ♂: El Baho, Sto Domingo vers Apartaderos km 4, 3050 m, 21.XI.2005, P. Boyer leg. ; 1 ♂: El Baho, Sto Domingo vers Apartaderos km 4, 2950 m, 22.XI.2005, P. Boyer leg. ; 1 ♂ and 3 ♀: El Baho, Sto Domingo vers Apartaderos km4, 2850/ 3100 m, 21.XI.2005, P. Boyer leg. ; 2 ♂: El Baho, Sto Domingo vers Apartaderos km4, 2800/ 3000 m, 28.I.2008, P. Boyer leg. ; 4 ♂ and 1 ♀: Pueblo Llano vers Niquitao, Ranchería, 2700 m, 27.XI.2005, P. Boyer leg. ; 1 ♂: Pueblo Llano vers Niquitao, 2.5km après Ranchería, 2850 m, 25.XI.2005, P. Boyer leg. ; 1 ♂ and 1 ♀: Pueblo Llano vers Niquitao, 2.5km après Ranchería, 2850 m, 27.XI.2005, P. Boyer leg.; PBF ; 1 ♂: Mérida, Los Frailes, 25.II.2010, H. Warren-Gash leg., HWG.</p><p>Diagnosis. In both sexes the HWD patch does not enter discal cell in most examined individuals or enters it only marginally, but it extends further towards the HW base than in the nominotypical or C. opalinus iosephi n. ssp., which makes it look triangular rather than rounded or oval. Female’s ductus bursae (Fig. 11C) is longer and slightly wider than in C. opalinus rosalinus n. ssp. but narrower than in the nominate subspecies, similar to C. opalinus iosephi n. ssp (Fig. 11B).</p><p>FWL: 27.5– 32 mm, mean: 29.7 mm (n=54).</p><p>D colour: coffee brown</p><p>HWP colour: metallic greenish blue</p><p>HWP shape: oval and always elongated along anal margin, not entering or entering marginally the discal cell, usually as a few scales, entering basal part of cell M3–CuA1 but never M2–M3</p><p>Individual variation. Considerable, evident mostly in the varying size of the HWP, which is however not related to any particular population.</p><p>Etymology. This subspecies epithet is derived from its type locality the valley of Santo Domingo, in Latin— Sanctus Dominicus.</p><p>Geographic range. Both, northern and southern slopes of the valley of Santo Domingo, and the valley of Pueblo Llano.</p><p>Altitudinal range. 2750–3350 m a.s.l.</p><p>A. Cheimas opalinus iosephi male, PARATYPE, Páramo de San José</p><p>B. Cheimas opalinus iosephi female, PARATYPE, Páramo de San José</p><p>C. Cheimas opalinus dominici male, PARATYPE, Los Frailes</p><p>D. Cheimas opalinus dominici female, PARATYPE, El Baho</p><p>E. Cheimas opalinus dominici male, PARATYPE, Qda. Ranchería</p><p>F. Cheimas opalinus dominici female, PARATYPE, El Baho</p><p>A. Cheimas opalinus iosephi male, PARATYPE, Páramo de San José</p><p>B. Cheimas opalinus iosephi female, PARATYPE, Páramo de San José</p><p>C. Cheimas opalinus dominici male, PARATYPE, Los Frailes</p><p>D. Cheimas opalinus dominici female, PARATYPE, El Baho</p><p>E. Cheimas opalinus dominici male, PARATYPE, Qda. Ranchería</p><p>F. Cheimas opalinus dominici female, PARATYPE, El Baho</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0382F17FFFF63D5A9986F894FD306E8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pyrcz, Tomasz W.;Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga;Boyer, Pierre;Zubek, Anna	Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga, Boyer, Pierre, Zubek, Anna (2018): Subspecies-level systematics and affinities of Cheimas Thieme - an endemic genus of the subparamo of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 4422 (2): 219-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.2.4
0382F17FFFF23D429986FF36FDB169A2.text	0382F17FFFF23D429986FF36FDB169A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheimas opalinus subsp. cristalinus Pyrcz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Boyer & Zubek 2018	<div><p>Cheimas opalinus cristalinus Pyrcz &amp; Boyer, n. ssp.</p><p>(Figs. 7A–F, 8A–F, 10A–D, 11D–E)</p><p>Type locality: Pico Tonojo sector, Km 27 Boconó—Trujillo old road, Trujillo State, Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela.</p><p>Material examined: HOLOTYPE ♂: VENEZUELA, Cordillera de Mérida, Trujillo State, Trujillo—Boconó old road, Sector Pico Tonojo, Km 27, 2400–2450 m, 25.II.2010, T. Pyrcz leg., CEP-MZUJ (to be deposited in MIZA) ; PARATYPES: VENEZUELA, Cordillera de Mérida, Trujillo State: 2 ♂: P. N. Guaramacal, via La Vega de Guaramacal, 2800–2850 m, 22.XII.2004, M. Costa leg. ; 2 ♂: P. N. Guaramacal, Qda. El Caote, 2700–2750 m, 16.II.2007, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 4 ♂: P. N. Guaramacal, Qda. El Caote, 2700–2750 m, 26.II.2009, T. Pyrcz leg., 1 prep. genit. 387/ 21.06.2016 J. Lorenc ; 3 ♂: P. N. Guaramacal, Qda. El Caote, 2700–2750 m, 15.II.2007, T. Pyrcz leg., 1 prep. genit. 408/ 21.06.2016 J. Lorenc ; 1 ♂: P. N. Guaramacal, Qda. El Caote, 2550–2600 m, 08.XII.2005, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 14 ♂: Boconó—Burbusay, Cambimbú de San Miguel, 2900–2950 m, 19.II.2007, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 2 ♂: P. N. Dinira, Páramo Cendé, 3000–3050 m, 13.II.2010, T. Pyrcz leg., 1 prep. genit. 395/ 21.06.2016 J. Lorenc ; 2 ♂: P. N. Dinira, Páramo de Las Rosas, 3100–3150 m, 07.II.2010, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1 ♂: P. N. Dinira, Agua de Obispo, 2600– 2550 m, 14.VIII.2003, T. Pyrcz leg., prep . genit. 04/ 05.01.2005 T. Pyrcz; 18 ♂: Trujillo—Boconó old road, Sector Pico Tonojo, Km 27, 2400–2450 m, 25.II.2010, T. Pyrcz leg., 1 prep. genit. 387/ 30.05.2016 J. Lorenc ; 9 ♂: Trujillo—Boconó old road, Sector Pico Tonojo, Km 27, 2300–2350 m, 28.VII.2009, T. Pyrcz leg., 1 prep. genit. 407/ 21.06.2016 J. Lorenc, 1 wing prep. ; 16 ♂: Trujillo—Boconó old road, Sector Pico Tonojo, Km 27, 2450– 2500 m, 18.IV.2006, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 13 ♂: Trujillo—Boconó old road, Sector Pico Tonojo, Km 27, 2450– 2500 m, 17.IV.2006, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1 ♂: Trujillo—Boconó old road, Sector Pico Tonojo, Km 27, 2450– 2500 m, 19.IV.2006, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1 ♂: Trujillo—Boconó old road, Sector Pico Tonojo, Km 27, 2450– 2500 m, 16.IV.2006, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 5 ♂: Trujillo, Pico Tonojo, 2500 m, 28.III.2011, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 6 ♀: Trujillo—Boconó old road, Sector Pico Tonojo, Km 27, 2400–2450 m, 25.II.2010, T. Pyrcz leg., 1 prep. genit. 486/ 17.11.2016 J. Lorenc ; 2 ♀: Trujillo—Boconó old road, Sector Pico Tonojo, Km 27, 2400–2450 m, 18.IV.2006, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1 ♀: Trujillo—Boconó old road, Sector Pico Tonojo, Km 27, 2300–2350 m, 28.VII.2009, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1 ♀: P. N. Guaramacal, Qda. El Caote, 2700–2750 m, 16.II.2007, T. Pyrcz leg., prep . genit. 488/ 22.11.2016 J. Lorenc; 1 ♀: P. N. Guaramacal, Qda. El Caote, 2700–2750 m, 15.II.2007, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1 ♀: P. N. Guaramacal, Qda. El Caote, 2600–2650 m, 26.II.2009, T. Pyrcz leg. ; 1 ♀: P. N. Dinira, Páramo Cendé, 3000–3050 m, 13.II.2010, T. Pyrcz leg., CEP-MZUJ ; 1 ♂: Guaramacal, Qda. El Caote, 2700–2750 m, 15.II.2007, T. Pyrcz leg., 2016 -221, köcsön anyag 2007. IX.29, HMNH; 2 ♂: Páramo de Ortíz, 2900 m, 5.II.2008, P. Boyer leg.; 2 ♂: Boconó vers Guaramacal, quebrada el Caote, 2650 m, 8.XII.2005, P. Boyer leg. ; 5 ♂: massif du Guaramacal, quebrada el Caote, 2600 m, 8.XII.2005, P. Boyer leg. ; 30 ♂ and 2 ♀: carretera vieja a Trujillo km8, “ El Rucio ”, pie del Pico Tonojo (30km sud de Boconó), 2500 m, 16.IV.2006, P. Boyer leg. ; 1 ♀: via antigua de Boconó a Trujillo km8, 2400 m, 28.VII.2009, P. Boyer leg., PBF ; 5 ♂ and 1 ♀: Trujillo, Trujillo-Boconó old road, Sector Pico Tonojo, 2400–2500 m, 24.II.2010, H. Warren-Gash leg., HWG .</p><p>Diagnosis. Both sexes of this subspecies are characterized by a regular, rounded HW patch always entering discal cell, in this respect similar to the nominotypical, but considerably smaller. Female’s ductus bursae (Fig. 11D–E) is narrow and longer than in other subspecies except the nominate.</p><p>FWL: 26–30.5 mm, mean: 27.6 mm (n=95).</p><p>D colour: blackish brown, uniform.</p><p>HWP colour: metallic bluish, usually with a greenish sheen</p><p>HWP shape: oval or rounded, small, but always entering discal cell, covering one–third or one–fourth marginally, but not reaching as far basally or distally as in other subspecies, extending distally considerably along vein CuA1, in some individuals distal edge slightly undulated.</p><p>Individual variation. Individuals from Guaramacal are consistently larger than in other populations. Also, in Cendé and Guaramacal the patch has usually a more bluish, whereas in the Pico Tonojo specimens a greenish sheen.</p><p>Etymology. The epithet of subspecies is derived from the Páramo La Cristalina, a mountain situated just south from its type locality.</p><p>A. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus male, PARATYPE, Pico Tonojo</p><p>B. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus female, PARATYPE, Pico Tonojo</p><p>C. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus male, PARATYPE, Guaramacal</p><p>D. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus female, PARATYPE, Guaramacal</p><p>E. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus male, PARATYPE, Páramo de Las Rosas</p><p>F. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus female, PARATYPE, Páramo de Las Rosas</p><p>A. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus male, PARATYPE, Pico Tonojo</p><p>B. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus female, PARATYPE, Pico Tonojo</p><p>C. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus male, PARATYPE, Páramo de Guaramacal</p><p>D. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus female, PARATYPE, Páramo de Guaramacal</p><p>E. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus male, PARATYPE, Páramo de Las Rosas</p><p>F. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus female, PARATYPE, Páramo de Las Rosas</p><p>B. Cheimas opalinus opalinus, Qda. La Boba (prep. genit. 403/ 21.08.2016)</p><p>C. Cheimas opalinus iosephi, Páramo de San José (prep. genit. 405/ 21.06.2016)</p><p>D. Cheimas opalinus iosephi, Mesa Alta (prep. genit. 564/ 12.07.2017)</p><p>E. Cheimas opalinus dominici, La Ciénaga (prep. genit. 399/ 21.06.2016)</p><p>F. Cheimas opalinus dominici, Los Morritos (prep. genit. 385/ 30.05.2016)</p><p>B. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus, Guaramacal (prep. genit. 408/ 21.06.2016)</p><p>C. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus, Páramo de Ortíz (prep. genit. 398/ 21.06.2016)</p><p>D. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus, Pico Tonojo (prep. genit. 486/ 17.11.2016)</p><p>E. Cheimas opalinus rosalinus, El Rosal (prep. 388/ 30.05.2016)</p><p>F. Cheimas opalinus iosephi x Ch. opalinus rosalinus, El Batallón (prep. genit. 386/ 30.05.2016)</p><p>A. Cheimas opalinus opalinus, La Culata (prep. genit. 392/ 08.06.2016)</p><p>B. Cheimas opalinus iosephi, Páramo de San José (prep. genit. 487/ 17.11.2016)</p><p>C. Cheimas opalinus dominici, El Baho (prep. genit. 485/ 17.11.2016)</p><p>D. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus, Pico Tonojo (prep. genit. 486/ 17.11.2016)</p><p>E. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus, Guaramacal (prep. genit. 488/ 22.11.2016)</p><p>F. Cheimas opalinus rosalinus, El Rosal (prep. genit. 391/ 08.06.2016)</p><p>Geographic range. Throughout northern Cordillera de Mérida, north of the Niquitao range, including the massifs of Guaramacal and Cendé.</p><p>Altitudinal range. 2300–3150 m a.s.l.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0382F17FFFF23D429986FF36FDB169A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pyrcz, Tomasz W.;Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga;Boyer, Pierre;Zubek, Anna	Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga, Boyer, Pierre, Zubek, Anna (2018): Subspecies-level systematics and affinities of Cheimas Thieme - an endemic genus of the subparamo of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 4422 (2): 219-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.2.4
