taxonID	type	description	language	source
038387E2C261FFDCFF64FBE0583AB322.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype male labeled “ MEXICO: Sonora; 7029 ' el. / Hwy 16, 9.1 mi. E. + 1.8 mi. / SW Yecora, 8 / Aug. / 2004 // 28 o 22 ' 13 " N, 109 o 01 ' 53 " W / R. Cunningham + B. Streit lgt / Near Radio Tower, BL + MV ”. Allotype female and five paratypes with same data; one paratype with same data but 2003. One male paratype labeled “ MEXICO: Edo Mexico, @ 1980 m / Sierra de Nanchitichitla, 27.2 - 27.7 km / SW Luvianos 26 - 28 / July / 2006 / Vicinity: 18 o 52 ' 34 " N 100 o 24 ' 02 " W / R. A. Cunningham & G. Nogueira L. ” Holotype and allotype deposited at the Instituto de Ecología (Xalapa, Mexico), two paratypes in the R. Cunningham collection (Chino, CA), one paratype in U. S. National Collection, one paratype in the William Warner collection (Chandler, AZ), and two paratypes in the B. C. Ratcliffe collection (Lincoln, NE). Holotype. Male. Length 16.9 mm; width 9.6 mm. Color black. Head: Surface completely, transversely rugose. Frontoclypeal region with slender, transverse, arcuate carina, central tubercle absent. Clypeus with subapical carina weakly bilobed, reflexed. Interocular width equals 4.0 transverse eye diameters. Antenna with 10 segments, club distinctly longer than segments 2 - 7. Pronotum: Surface on anterior half and posterior angles with moderately dense, small punctures; posterior half with sparse, small punctures; anterior angles and sides near margins densely punctate. Fovea absent. Base lacking marginal bead. Elytra: Surface with 5 punctate, furrowed striae between suture and median edge of humerus; punctures moderately large. Intervals 2 with incomplete row of similar punctures. Sides with similar, but less distinct, rows of punctures. Pygidium: Surface completely, densely rugulopunctate. Apex with complete marginal bead. In lateral view, surface regularly convex. Legs: Protibia tridentate. Metatibia at apex with 13 spinules on left leg and 14 spinules on right. Venter: Prosternal process long, columnar, covered with long, reddish brown setae. Parameres: Apex with thickened, lobe-like swelling mesad of sclerotized, needle-like apex (Fig. 2 - 3). Allotype. Female. Length 18.3 mm; width 10.3 mm. As holotype except in the following respects: Head: Frontoclypeal carina with small, transverse tubercle at center. Interocular width equals 5.2 transverse eye diameters. Elytra: Interval 2 with long row of punctures. Pygidium: Surface moder- ately punctate, punctures small. Legs: Metatibia at apex with 15 spinules.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Cave, Ronald D. (2010): New species of Orizabus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Mexico and Guatemala, with a revised key and checklist of the species in the genus. Insecta Mundi 2010 (127): 1-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164423
038387E2C261FFDCFF64FBE0583AB322.taxon	description	Variation. Male paratypes (6). Length 17.1 - 17.5 mm; width 10.0 - 10.2 mm. As holotype except in the following respects: Color black (5 specimens) to reddish brown (1 specimen). Head: Reddish brown specimen with small, transverse tubercle at center of frontoclypeal carina. Legs: Metatibia at apex with 14 - 18 spinules. Female paratype (1): Length 18.3 mm; width 10.5 mm. The single female paratype does not dif- fer significantly from the allotype.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Cave, Ronald D. (2010): New species of Orizabus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Mexico and Guatemala, with a revised key and checklist of the species in the genus. Insecta Mundi 2010 (127): 1-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164423
038387E2C261FFDCFF64FBE0583AB322.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name is derived from the Middle English amalgame and Medieval Latin amalgama, meaning a mixture or combination. Used here to refer to the mixture of character states seen in other species of Orizabus that delineate this species e. g., the pronotal and pygidial puncta- tion and the form of the male parameres.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Cave, Ronald D. (2010): New species of Orizabus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Mexico and Guatemala, with a revised key and checklist of the species in the genus. Insecta Mundi 2010 (127): 1-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164423
038387E2C261FFDCFF64FBE0583AB322.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Orizabus amalgamatus is known only from near Luvianos in the Sierra de Nanchichitla, Mexico and from Yécora, Sonora, Mexico (Fig. 26 - 27). The wide separation in locali- ties may be indicative of isolation and / or little or no collecting between the two points. Temporal Distribution. August (8).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Cave, Ronald D. (2010): New species of Orizabus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Mexico and Guatemala, with a revised key and checklist of the species in the genus. Insecta Mundi 2010 (127): 1-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164423
038387E2C261FFDCFF64FBE0583AB322.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Orizabus amalgamatus resembles closely O. batesi Prell, especially the males. The pronotum of O. amalgamatus is distinctly punc- tate everywhere, whereas in O. batesi it is smooth and impunctate except for a few punctures in the Figure 1 - 3. Orizabus amalgamatus. 1) Dorsal view. 2 - 3) anterior angles. In the males, the pygidium of O. Parameres, caudal and lateral views. amalgamatus is densely rugulopunctate, but in O. batesi the surface has only small, sparse punc- tures; the punctation on the pygidium of the females is similar between both species. Each paramere of O. amalgamatus has a thickened, lobe-like swelling mesad of the sclerotized, needle-like apex (Fig. 2), while this structure is small and slender in O. batesi (Fig. 17).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Cave, Ronald D. (2010): New species of Orizabus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Mexico and Guatemala, with a revised key and checklist of the species in the genus. Insecta Mundi 2010 (127): 1-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164423
038387E2C261FFDCFF64FBE0583AB322.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. The type series was taken at lights at an elevation of 2,142 m. The type series of O. amalgamatus was collected at the same time and place as specimens of O. ratcliffei Delgado. Nothing else is known of the life history of this species.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Cave, Ronald D. (2010): New species of Orizabus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Mexico and Guatemala, with a revised key and checklist of the species in the genus. Insecta Mundi 2010 (127): 1-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164423
038387E2C267FFD0FF64FF005B34B1E2.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype male labeled “ MEX: Oaxaca / Cerro Zempoaltepetl / 3000 m, 20 - 22 vii 09 / Curoe, Ramirez col ”. Two paratypes with same data. Holotype deposited at the University of Ne- braska State Museum (Lincoln, NE), one paratype in the Leonardo Delgado collection (Xalapa, Mexico), and one paratype in the B. C. Ratcliffe collection (Lincoln, NE). Holotype. Male. Length 22.1 mm; width 13.0 mm. Color dark reddish brown, almost black. Head: Surface completely, coarsely, transversely rugose. Frontoclypeal region with transverse, arcuate ca- rina with low tubercle at middle. Clypeus with subapical carina bilobed, reflexed. Interocular width equals 7.5 transverse eye diameters. An- tenna 10 - segmented, club distinctly longer than segments 2 - 7. Pronotum: Surface on anterior half with dense, moderately large punctures, becom- ing rugopunctate on sides and angles; posterior half sparsely punctate, punctures small. Fovea and tubercle absent. Posterior border lacking marginal bead. Elytra: Surface with 5 furrowed, punctate striae between suture and median edge of hu- merus, punctures moderately large, ocellate. In- terval 2 with short row of similar punctures at base. Sides with similar, but less distinct, rows of punctures. Pygidium: Surface punctate; punctures moderate in density and size, shallow. Apex with marginal bead and short, transverse, preapical depression at center. In lateral view, surface regu- larly convex. Legs: Protibia lacking teeth on ex- ternal margin. Metatibiae at apex with 23 and 26 spinules. Venter: Prosternal process long, colum- nar, apex rounded, densely covered with long, red- dish brown setae. Parameres: Each paramere with small, subapical notch on lateral edge, apices, in lateral view, not concave (Fig. 5 - 6).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Cave, Ronald D. (2010): New species of Orizabus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Mexico and Guatemala, with a revised key and checklist of the species in the genus. Insecta Mundi 2010 (127): 1-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164423
038387E2C267FFD0FF64FF005B34B1E2.taxon	description	Variation. Male paratypes (2). Length 19.9 - 20.5 mm; width 12.2 - 12.5 mm. The paratypes do not differ significantly from the holotype. The puncta- tion on the pygidium is reduced in one specimen (punctures are more shallow) and nearly obsolete in the other specimen.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Cave, Ronald D. (2010): New species of Orizabus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Mexico and Guatemala, with a revised key and checklist of the species in the genus. Insecta Mundi 2010 (127): 1-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164423
038387E2C267FFD0FF64FF005B34B1E2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. We take great pleasure in dedicating this species to Leonardo Delgado (Instituto de Figure 4 - 6. Orizabus delgadoi. 4) Dorsal view. 5 - 6) Ecología, Xalapa, Mexico) in recognition of his fine Parameres, caudal and lateral views. work documenting the dynastine fauna of Mexico.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Cave, Ronald D. (2010): New species of Orizabus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Mexico and Guatemala, with a revised key and checklist of the species in the genus. Insecta Mundi 2010 (127): 1-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164423
038387E2C267FFD0FF64FF005B34B1E2.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. Length 19.6 mm; width 12.1 mm. Color dark reddish brown. Head: Surface vaguely, coarsely, transversely rugose to rugopunctate (surface appears worn). Frontoclypeal region with transverse carina, carina becoming tuberculiform at middle. Clypeus with subapical carina weakly bilobed, reflexed. Interocular width equals 5.0 transverse eye diameters. Antenna 10 - segmented, club slightly longer than segments 2 - 7. Pronotum: Surface with moderately dense, moderately large punctures except along midline on basal half of center of disc where punctures sparse, small; anterior angles coarsely rugopunctate; broad band along lateral margins with dense, moderately large punctures. Fovea absent. Etymology. The specific epithet for this species is derived from the Spanish word mezcla, meaning a mixture or medley. This species is so named in reference to its mixture of character states seen in species of Orizabus.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Cave, Ronald D. (2010): New species of Orizabus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Mexico and Guatemala, with a revised key and checklist of the species in the genus. Insecta Mundi 2010 (127): 1-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164423
038387E2C267FFD0FF64FF005B34B1E2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Orizabus mezclus is known from a single specimen from the Guatemalan department of Suchitepéquez, near Patulul (Fig. 26). Temporal Distribution. June (1).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Cave, Ronald D. (2010): New species of Orizabus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Mexico and Guatemala, with a revised key and checklist of the species in the genus. Insecta Mundi 2010 (127): 1-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164423
038387E2C267FFD0FF64FF005B34B1E2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Orizabus mezclus superficially resembles O. clunalis and O. cuernavacensis Delgado and Deloya in the form of the edentate protibia, sculpturing of the pronotum, and parameres. Unlike O. clunalis, however, it does not have a fovea on the pronotum, and each paramere has a small tooth on the ventrolateral edge (Fig. 12), whereas there is only an angular swelling in O. clunalis (Fig. 19). It differs from O. cuernavacensis because it is larger (nearly 20 mm versus 17 mm), and it has a distinctive, transverse groove just before the marginal bead of the pygidium (Fig. 11), whereas there is no groove in O. cuernavacensis.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Cave, Ronald D. (2010): New species of Orizabus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Mexico and Guatemala, with a revised key and checklist of the species in the genus. Insecta Mundi 2010 (127): 1-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164423
038387E2C267FFD0FF64FF005B34B1E2.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Nothing is known of the life history of this species. It was collected at lights at an elevation of 1,399 m.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Cave, Ronald D. (2010): New species of Orizabus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Mexico and Guatemala, with a revised key and checklist of the species in the genus. Insecta Mundi 2010 (127): 1-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164423
038387E2C26AFFD2FF64F9E05F66B6E2.taxon	description	(Fig. 14 - 16, 26, 29 - 30)	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Cave, Ronald D. (2010): New species of Orizabus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Mexico and Guatemala, with a revised key and checklist of the species in the genus. Insecta Mundi 2010 (127): 1-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164423
038387E2C26AFFD2FF64F9E05F66B6E2.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype male labeled: “ MEXICO: Veracruz / Excola, el. 9310 ' / 19 o 06.46 ' N, 97 o 12.77 ' W / 23 - IV- 09, D. B. Thomas ”. Allotype female and one female paratype labeled “ MEXICO: Veracruz, 5 Km W / Excola, El 9026 ft, 7 May 2008 / 19 o 06.60 ' N; 97 o 12.77 ' W / 19 o 06.46 ' N, 97 o 12.77´W / D. Thomas & D. Robacker ”. Two male pratypes labeled “ MEXICO / Veracruz / Cofre de Perote / Mateu-leg. / Coll. Martínez / Sept. 974 ”. Holotype and allotype deposited at the University of Nebraska State Museum (Lincoln, NE). Two paratypes deposited in the Canadian Museum of Nature (Ottawa, Canada) and one paratype in the B. C. Ratcliffe collection (Lincoln, NE).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Cave, Ronald D. (2010): New species of Orizabus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Mexico and Guatemala, with a revised key and checklist of the species in the genus. Insecta Mundi 2010 (127): 1-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164423
038387E2C26AFFD2FF64F9E05F66B6E2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honor of its collector, Donald Thomas (USDA, Weslaco, TX), and in recognition of Don’s generous donations of specimens over the years for our projects.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Cave, Ronald D. (2010): New species of Orizabus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Mexico and Guatemala, with a revised key and checklist of the species in the genus. Insecta Mundi 2010 (127): 1-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164423
038387E2C26AFFD2FF64F9E05F66B6E2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Orizabus thomasi is known only from the vicinity of the high elevation (2,751 - 2,838 m) pueblo of Excola in the Municipio de Calcahualco in Veracruz, Mexico (Fig. 26, 29 - 30) and from Cofre de Perote (possibly Parque Nacional Cofre de Perote), another high elevation locale in the same municipio. Temporal Distribution. April (1), May (2), September (2).	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Cave, Ronald D. (2010): New species of Orizabus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Mexico and Guatemala, with a revised key and checklist of the species in the genus. Insecta Mundi 2010 (127): 1-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164423
038387E2C26AFFD2FF64F9E05F66B6E2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of O. thomasi is distinctive because of its small size (16 - 18 mm), vaguely punctate pronotal surface that lacks a fovea and tubercle, tridentate protibia, and completely punctate pygidium. The parameres of O. thomasi, O. cuernavacensis, and O. teamscaraborum Ratcliffe and Cave are somewhat similar (Fig. 15 - 16, 20, and 24 - 25, respectively). Orizabus thomasi has a tooth on the lateral edge at about the midpoint of the paramere, whereas O. cuernavacensis does not. Orizabus teamscaraborum has edentate protibiae and a large body size (23 - 30 mm), but O. thomasi has tridentate protibiae and a small body size (17 - 17 mm). The females of O. thomasi key out closest to O. cuernavacensis and O. fairmairei (Bates); O. thomasi has moderately dense punctures on the pygidium (except at the center apex), whereas the pygidium in O. cuernavacensis and O. fairmairei are both relatively smooth everywhere except at the base and angles.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Cave, Ronald D. (2010): New species of Orizabus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Mexico and Guatemala, with a revised key and checklist of the species in the genus. Insecta Mundi 2010 (127): 1-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164423
038387E2C26AFFD2FF64F9E05F66B6E2.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Nothing is known of the life history of this species. The specimens were collected at lights from elevations of 2,751 and 2,838 m in pine / oak forest (Fig. 29 - 30). The female paratype had 18 developed eggs within her abdomen. The specimen was collected in May, suggesting that oviposition was imminent.	en	Ratcliffe, Brett C., Cave, Ronald D. (2010): New species of Orizabus Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Mexico and Guatemala, with a revised key and checklist of the species in the genus. Insecta Mundi 2010 (127): 1-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164423
