identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
ABEC15D9A8BE00B8A3113F3CFDBFB747.text	ABEC15D9A8BE00B8A3113F3CFDBFB747.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sternostoma Berlese & Trouessart 1889	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Sternostoma Berlese &amp; Trouessart, 1889</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Sternostoma cryptorhynchum Berlese &amp; Trouessart, 1889. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Stigmata dorsal or lateral, without peritreme. Gnathosoma ventral, only partially visible dorsally. Cheliceral digits small, less than one tenth the length of the chelicerae. One or two dorsal plates. Sternal and anal plates usually present.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ABEC15D9A8BE00B8A3113F3CFDBFB747	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Knee, Wayne	Knee, Wayne (2018): New species of parasitic nasal mites infesting birds in Manitoba, Canada (Mesostigmata, Rhinonyssidae). ZooKeys 786: 1-17, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.786.28767, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.786.28767
7F95B3FD8F09018CCA6559A115B33091.text	7F95B3FD8F09018CCA6559A115B33091.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sternostoma gallowayi	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sternostoma gallowayi sp. n. Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Type material. Holotype: female (CNC535681) from horned lark (WK357),  Eremophila alpestris , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, 22.x.2011, coll: T.D. Galloway. Paratypes: female (CNC991940) same collection information as holotype. Two females (CNC991941, CNC991942) from horned lark (WK625), Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, 5.viii.2014, coll. TD Galloway. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis female. Dorsum with two shields, podosomal shield large, covering most of podosoma with eight pairs of minute setae and two pairs of pore-like structures, opisthosomal shield medium-sized with two pairs of minute setae and four pairs of pore-like structures. Two pairs of minute setae in dorsal opisthosomal unsclerotised integument. Paranal setae on anal shield level with anus, postanal seta absent. Sternal shield longer than wide, three pairs of sternal setae (st1-3) on shield. Genital shield slightly reticulated lengthwise, broadly rounded posteriorly, seta st5 on genital shield. Four pairs of minute setae in ventral opisthosomal unsclerotised integument. Ventral subcapitulum without setae. Ventrolateral and apical setae on tarsus  II–IV thickened, baculiform and slightly curved distally. </p>
            <p>Description female. Dorsal idiosoma (Figs 1-2). Idiosoma 427 (387-468) long excluding gnathosoma 267 (260-274) wide. Podosomal shield 205 (201-212) long, 202 (193-217) wide covering most of podosoma, with eight pairs of minute setae with rounded tips 1.9 (1.8-2) long in alveoli, and two pairs of pore-like structures in alveoli on shield. Podosomal shield rounded anteriorly, slightly convex lateral margins, posterior margin straight, plate with granular texture and vacuolate areas (Figure 2). Opisthosomal plate quadrangular 150 (148-153) long and 159 (155-161) wide at widest point, slightly wider than long, narrowing posteriorly. Plate with granular texture and vacuolate areas, two pairs of minute setae with rounded tip in alveoli, and four pairs of pore-like structures in alveoli. Dorsal integument finely striated, two pairs of minute setae with rounded tip in unsclerotised integument lateral and posterolateral of opisthosomal shield. Stigmata 11 (9-12) wide, without peritreme, situated near posterior corners of podosomal shield. Anal shield dorsoterminal 60 (56-65) long and 48 (45-51) wide, thickened well sclerotised lateral margins, cribrum present, paranal setae minute with rounded tip 1.8 (1.5-2.1) level with anus, postanal seta absent.</p>
            <p>Ventral idiosoma (Figure 3). Sternal shield poorly sclerotised, with weak punctation, slightly wider towards posterior, longer than wide, 124 (120-128) long and 76 (73-79) at widest point, setae st1 (1.6), st2 (1.5), st3 (1.5) in alveoli on shield. Genital shield large, 124 (121-126) long and 76 (73-82) wide level with st5, seta st5 (2.1) on shield, slight reticulations lengthwise, and posterior broadly rounded, pair of lyrifissures iv5 off genital shield. Cuticle finely striated, four pairs of minute setae with rounded tips in ventral opisthosomal unsclerotised integument.</p>
            <p> Gnathosoma (Figure 4). Gnathosoma ventral in position, ventral length including palps 77 (69-82), maximum width 70 (68-73). Deutosternal groove present, deutosternal teeth absent, and subcapitulum without setae. Palps five-segmented, chaetotaxy  of palps 0  –3–3–2– 5, all setae with rounded tips, palp apotele absent. Chelicerae widest proximally and tapering distally, 60 (57-63) long and 19 (18-20) at widest point, with small pointed fixed and moveable digits. </p>
            <p> Legs (Figure 5). Excluding ambulacra, length of leg I 257 (226-283), leg II 206 (175-228), leg III 215 (196-243), and leg IV 263 (260-266). Setation of legs  I–IV : coxae 2  –2–2– 1; trochanters 3  –3–4– 4; femora 8  –6–5– 4; genua 9  –6–6– 6; tibiae 8  –6–5– 6; tarsi 19  –17–17– 17. Most leg setae simple, minute, with rounded tip, a few apical tarsal setae filamentous. Ventrolateral and apical setae on tarsus  II–IV (7.5) thickened, baculiform and slightly curved distally. </p>
            <p>Male and immatures. unknown</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>This species is named after Dr. Terry D Galloway, who has tirelessly collected nasal mites and other bird-associated arthropods for many years, and has given me the opportunity to continue my studies of these unique mites.</p>
            <p> Remarks. The female of  Sternostoma gallowayi sp. n. is most similar to those of  S. sialiphilus Hyland and Ford, and  S. loxiae Fain. These species each have two dorsal shields which are similar in extent and shape, enlarged and elongated ventrolateral and apical setae on tarsus  II–IV , no setae in the unsclerotised dorsal podosomal integument, four pairs of setae in the ventral opisthosomal integument, two or less pairs of setae in the dorsal opisthosomal integument, and lack a postanal seta.  Sternostoma sialiphilus has been collected from the bank swallow (  Riparia riparia ) in Canada, and the eastern bluebird (  Sialia sialis ) in the United States (Hyland and Ford 1961, Knee et al. 2008).  Sternostoma loxiae has been collected from the red crossbill (  Loxia curvirostra ) in Canada and Belgium, from the American yellow warbler (  Dendroica petechia ), and mountain bluebird (  Sialia currucoides ) in Canada (Fain 1965, Knee et al. 2008, Knee and Galloway 2017). </p>
            <p> Female  S. gallowayi can be distinguished from that of  S. sialiphilus and  S. loxiae by having eight pairs of setae and two pairs of pores on the podosomal shield,  S. sialiphilus has nine pairs of setae,  S. loxiae has seven pairs of setae; two pairs of setae and four pairs of pores on the opisthosomal shield,  S. sialiphilus has one pair of setae and three pairs of pores,  S. loxiae has three pairs of setae and two pairs of pores on the shield; two pairs of setae in the dorsal opisthosomal unsclerotised integument,  S. sialiphilus and  S. loxiae have one pair; paranal setae level with anus,  S. sialiphilus and  S. loxiae the paranal setae are posterior to the anus; baculiform ventrolateral and apical setae on tarsus  II–IV which are not distally inflated,  S. sialiphilus and  S. loxiae have distally inflated ventrolateral and apical setae on tarsus  II–IV .  Sternostoma gallowayi differs specifically from  S. sialiphilus by the presence of seta st5 on the genital shield, which is absent in  S. sialiphilus , and the absence of contiguous alveoli between the podosomal and opisthosomal shields which are present in  S. sialiphilus .  Sternostoma gallowayi differs specifically from  S. loxiae by having slight reticulation lengthwise on the genital shield, this reticulation is well-developed in  S. loxiae (Fain 1966a). Comparisons were made using species descriptions from the literature and examining voucher material. </p>
            <p> Horned larks are not commonly submitted to wildlife rehabilitation hospitals in Manitoba. Only six specimens have been submitted since 1994, five of which were examined for nasal mites. Of these, two were infested with  S. gallowayi . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F95B3FD8F09018CCA6559A115B33091	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Knee, Wayne	Knee, Wayne (2018): New species of parasitic nasal mites infesting birds in Manitoba, Canada (Mesostigmata, Rhinonyssidae). ZooKeys 786: 1-17, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.786.28767, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.786.28767
9DB02CDC37DE152D226CAFA7AE87431C.text	9DB02CDC37DE152D226CAFA7AE87431C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vitznyssus Castro 1948	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus Vitznyssus Castro, 1948</p>
            <p>Type species:</p>
            <p> Dermanyssus nitschi Giebel, 1871 (=  Vitznyssus caprimulgi (Fain, 1957)) </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Female mites of  Vitznyssus species are defined by Butenko (1984) as relatively long and slim, with long and thin legs, stigma with short peritreme level with coxa III, anal shield with well-defined cribrum, single podosomal shield on dorsal idiosoma, chelicerae long and thin distally with thickened bases, well-developed tritosternum and deutosternum with denticles. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Vitznyssus is a small genus comprised of seven species collected from two disparate orders of birds:  V. afrotis (Fain),  V. neotis (Fain),  V. tetragis Butenko,  V. vitzthumi (Fain) from  Otididae ,  Gruiformes ;  V. caprimulgi (Fain),  V. scotornis (Fain), and  V. tsachevi Dimov and Rojas from  Caprimulgidae ,  Caprimulgiformes (Fain 1957b, 1966b, Butenko 1984, Dimov and de Rojas 2012). Butenko (1984) placed five  Astridiella Fain, 1957 species described by Fain into  Vitznyssus . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9DB02CDC37DE152D226CAFA7AE87431C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Knee, Wayne	Knee, Wayne (2018): New species of parasitic nasal mites infesting birds in Manitoba, Canada (Mesostigmata, Rhinonyssidae). ZooKeys 786: 1-17, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.786.28767, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.786.28767
B06A79B2EF9C83802D0E5CD2423B1088.text	B06A79B2EF9C83802D0E5CD2423B1088.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vitznyssus erici	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Vitznyssus erici sp. n. Figs 6, 7, 8, 9 </p>
            <p> Material examined. </p>
            <p> Type material. Holotype: female (CNC535647) from common nighthawk (WK273),  Chordeiles minor , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, 4.ix.2010, coll: T.D. Galloway. Paratypes: two females (CNC991938, CNC991939) same collection information as holotype. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis female.</p>
            <p>Large mite with one dorsal shield, podosomal shield longer than wide, rounded anteriorly, constricted posteriorly with irregular margins posterolaterally, six pairs of setiform setae, vacuolate areas and irregular transverse lines on podosomal shield. Subposterior setal pair on podosomal shield elongate, nearly twice as long as all other podosomal shield setae. Four pairs of setiform setae lateral and posterolateral of podosomal shield. Doral and ventral hysterosoma without small shieldlets. Sternal shield small, poorly sclerotised, constricted posteriorly, seta st1 and lyrifissure iv1 on sternal shield, setae st2, st3, and lyrifissure iv2 off sternal shield. Genital shield elongate and narrow with parallel sides, seta st5 off genital shield. Paranal setae setiform with filamentous tip anterior to anus, postanal seta setiform with filamentous tip slightly shorter than paranal setae. Well-developed tritosternum with paired laciniae. Palp apotele two-tined with bifid tips.</p>
            <p>Description female.</p>
            <p> Dorsal idiosoma (Figure 6). Idiosoma 1016 (953-1168) long excluding gnathosoma, 493 (434-550) wide. Podosomal shield 387 (372-410) long, 261 (256-270) wide, rounded anteriorly, constricted posteriorly with irregular margins posterolaterally, six pairs of setiform setae, vacuolate areas and irregular transverse lines on podosomal shield. Subposterior setal pair on podosomal shield elongate 23 (21-27), almost twice as long as all other podosomal shield setae 12 (8-16). Dorsal integument finely striated, four pairs of setiform setae in unsclerotised integument lat  eral and posterolateral of podosomal shield, 15-16 pairs of setiform setae 20 (15-22) and two pairs of pore-like structures in dorsal opisthosomal unsclerotised integument. Stigmata with short peritremes 54 (53-55). </p>
            <p> Ventral idiosoma (Figure 7). Sternal shield reduced and poorly sclerotised, 83 (80-87) long and 86 (86-87) maximum width anteriorly, constricted posteriorly, shield with irregular transverse lines, seta st1 (18) and lyrifissure iv1 on sternal shield. Setae st2 (20), st3 (19), and lyrifissure iv2 in unsclerotised integument off sternal shield. Genital shield elongate and narrow, 196 (193-200) long and 40 (37-43) wide, parallel sides and reticulated lengthwise, seta st5 (11) and pair of lyrifissures iv5 off genital shield. Cuticle finely striated, 11 pairs of setiform setae in ventral opisthosomal unsclerotised integument. Anal shield 162 (155-169) long and 114 (112-115) wide, thickened lateral margins, cribrum present, paranal setae 46 (45-48) setiform with filamentous tip anterior to anus, postanal seta 32 (30-36) setiform with filamentous tip slightly shorter than paranal setae. </p>
            <p> Gnathosoma (Figure 8). Gnathosoma terminal, ventral length including palps 236 (225-242), width 160 (152-166) posterior to pc seta. Subcapitulum with 10 rows of paired deutosternal denticles. Subcapitular setae setiform, pc 20 (15-23), h1 13 (12-14), h2 13 (11-15), and h3 33 (26-39). Well-developed tritosternum 233 long, with paired laciniae. Palps five-segmented, chaetotaxy of palps 0  –4–4–8– 9, palp apotele two-tined with bifid tips. Chelicerae elongate 242 (237-249), expanded proximally 50 (45-56), marked constriction distally with small pointed moveable and fixed digits. </p>
            <p> Legs (Figure 9). Excluding ambulacra, length of leg I 541 (483-591), leg II 520 (487-541), leg III 518 (512-521), and leg IV 615 (596-627). Setation of legs  I– IV : coxae 2  –2–2– 1; trochanters 4  –4–4– 4; femora I (2  –3/1,2/2– 1), II (2  –3/1,2/0– 1), III (1  –2/1,2/0– 0), IV (1  –2/1,2/0– 0); genua I (2  –2/1,2/1– 1), II (2  –2/0,2/0– 2), III (2  –2/0,2/0– 2), IV (2  –2/1,1/0– 1); tibiae I (2  –1/1,2/1– 1), II (2  –1/1,2/1– 2), III (2  –1/1,2/1– 2), IV (2  –1/1,2/1– 2); tarsi 33  –18–18– 18. Leg setae are setiform with filamentous tip. </p>
            <p> Male and immatures. Unknown. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>This species is named after Eric Schewchuk, a close friend who has been beside me throughout the entirety of my studies on mites.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The female of  Vitznyssus erici sp. n. is most similar that of  V. afrotis Fain, which was described from the southern black bustard (  Afrotis afra ) in South Africa (Fain 1966b). These two species are most similar in that they are large mites (at least 1000  µm long), and both have: one dorsal shield which is longer than wide and eroded along the margins, especially posterolaterally; sternal shield reduced, with seta st1 on the shield; elongate and narrow genital shield; palp apotele two-tined with bifid tips; elongate tritosternum with two laciniae; elongate paranal setae anterior to anus, and elongate postanal setae present. </p>
            <p> Female  V. erici differ from that of  V. afrotis by: the presence of irregular transverse lines on the podosomal shield, which are absent in  V. afrotis ; the posterolateral margins of the podosomal shield are more eroded, invaginated and irregular than that of  V. afrotis ; the anterior margin of the podosomal shield is broadly rounded with no setae in the integument anterior of the shield, the anterior margin is slightly eroded in  V. afrotis and a pair of setae are off the shield anteriorly; the sternal shield is larger, with a posteromedial projection, and lyrifissure iv1 is on the shield,  V. afrotis sternal shield is smaller and without a posteromedial projection, iv1 is off the shield; the genital shield margins are parallel and not flared posteriorly like they are in  V. afrotis ; and by the absence of small accessory shieldlets on the dorsal or ventral hysterosoma, which are present in  V. afrotis . Fain (1966b) described  V. afrotis as lacking a sternal shield; however, the holotype and paratype specimens examined have a small narrow sternal shield with seta st1 on the shield. Comparisons were made using the species description for  V. afrotis and examination of the holotype and paratype specimens loaned from the Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences. </p>
            <p> Including  V. erici there are now four  Vitznyssus species known from  Otididae (bustards) and four species known from  Caprimulgidae (nightjars) hosts. Bustards only occur in the Eastern Hemisphere, while nightjars are broadly distributed in both hemispheres. Considering the geographic distribution of these mites and the disparate host bird orders, the monophyly of the genus and species boundaries should be investigated using molecular markers and morphometric analyses. </p>
            <p> The common nighthawk (  Chordeiles minor ) has been a focus for studies of ectoparasites in Manitoba (Galloway 2006, Galloway and Lamb 2015). Despite the apparent decline in populations of common nighthawk in the province (Taylor 1996), these birds are frequently submitted to rehabilitation hospitals. However, using the methods described here, nasal mites are either rare or rarely collected. Out of 138 common nighthawks examined for this study since 1999, nasal mites were collected from only one. The conservation status of this mite certainly deserves consideration. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B06A79B2EF9C83802D0E5CD2423B1088	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Knee, Wayne	Knee, Wayne (2018): New species of parasitic nasal mites infesting birds in Manitoba, Canada (Mesostigmata, Rhinonyssidae). ZooKeys 786: 1-17, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.786.28767, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.786.28767
