identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0383CD7AFFB9FFC0D790FD203073FEA2.text	0383CD7AFFB9FFC0D790FD203073FEA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades Hubner 1819	<div><p>Telemiades Hübner, [1819]</p><p>Telemiades Hübner, [1819] . Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 106; species included: Telemiades avitus Cramer, T. epicalus (= avitus Cramer 354E) and T. salatis Cramer. —Herrich–Schäffer, 1869. Corr.–Blatt zool.–min. Ver. Regensburg 23: 61, 133, 140, 188.—Scudder, 1875. Proc. Amer. Ac. Arts &amp; Sc. 10: 277.—Plötz, 1879. Stett. ent. Ztg. 40: 175.— Plötz, 1882. Berl. ent. Ztschr. 26: 72.— Watson, 1893. Proc. zool. Soc. London, p. 18, 27.— Godman &amp; Salvin, 1893. Biol. Centr.–Amer., Lep.–Rhop. 2, p. 316.— Mabille, 1903, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 18, 28.— Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912. Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (9)16: 111.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 868.—Lindsey, 1925. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 18: 103.— Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 76.—Hayward, 1933. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 5: 180.—Hayward, 1934. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 6: 190.—Shepard, 1936. Lep. Cat. 74, p. 616.—Hemming, 1937. Hübner 2, p. 260.—Hayward, 1941. Rev. Mus. La Plata, n. s., Zool. 2: 250.— Williams &amp; Hayward, 1944. Acta zool. Lill. 2: 107.— Bell, 1946. Bol. Ent. venezol. 5: 89.—Hayward, 1947. Acta zool. Lill. 4: 256.— Hayward, 1948. Gen. Sp. Anim. Arg. 1, p. 57, 133.— Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 7, 24.—Biezanko, 1963. Arq. Ent., sér. A, Pelotas, p. 9.—Hemming, 1967. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Ent., Suppl. 9: 432.—Lamas, 1969. Biota 7: 328.— Hayward, 1973. Op. Lill. 23: 36.—C. Hoffmann, 1976. Publ. Esp. Soc. Mex. Lep. 1: 121.—Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 58.—Okano, 1981. Tokurana 1: 28.—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 2, p. 36.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Fam.–Group &amp; Gen.–Group Nam. 4, p. 128; 5, p. 7; syn.: Telcmiades.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 2, p. 59; App. 2, p. 7; syn.: Telcmiades.—Bridges, 1989. Add. Corr. Cat./Checkl. Butt. Amer. N. Amer. N. Mexico, p. 7.—Llorente–Bousquets; Luis–Martínez &amp; Vargas–Fernández, 1990. Publ. esp. Mus. Zool., Mexico, 1: 18.—J. de la Maza E.; White &amp; R. G. de la Maza E., 1991. Rev. Soc. Mex. Lep. 14: 17.—Lamas; Mielke &amp; Robbins, 1993. Jour. Lep. Soc. 47: 81; etol.—R. G. de la Maza E. &amp; J. de la Maza E., 1993. Marip. Chiapas, p. 202.—Warren, 2000, in Llorente; González &amp; Papavero (eds). Biodiv., Tax., Biogeogr. Art. Mex. 2, p. 550.—Warren, 2004. The Nature &amp; Insects 39 (2): 15.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 7, 56, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.: Telcmiades, Telmiades.— Burns, 2005. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington 107 (4): 770, 774; syn.: Pyrdalus .— Mielke, 2005. Cat.Amer. Hesperioidea 1, p. 8; 3, p. 740; syn.: Telcmiades, Telmiades.—DeVries; Austin &amp; Martin, 2008. Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 94: 727.—Warren; Ogawa &amp; A. Brower, 2008. Cladistics 24: 25.—Warren; Ogawa &amp; A. Brower, 2009. Syst. Ent. 34: 482, 484, 513; syn.: Pyrdalus .— Greeney, 2009. Jour. Res. Lep. 41: 55; biol.—Sambhu &amp; Nankishore, 2018. Zootaxa 4371: 14.</p><p>Telcmiades [sic]; Mabille, 1891. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 35, C. R., p. 61; Telcmiades hybridus .—Hemming, 1967. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Ent., Suppl. 9: 432.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Fam.–Group &amp; Gen.–Group Nam. 4, p. 128.</p><p>Pyrdalus Mabille, 1903, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 44, 60; type species: P. corbulo Cramer, 1782 .— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 893.—Lindsey, 1925. Ann. Ent. Soc. 18: 99.—Hayward, 1933. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 5: 220.— Shepard, 1934. Lep. Cat. 64, p. 148.— Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 7, 31.—Hemming, 1967. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Ent., Suppl. 9: 389.—Lamas, 1969. Biota 7: 330.—Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 53.—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 2, p. 29.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 2, p. 48; App. 2, p. 7.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Fam.–Group &amp; Gen.–Group Nam. 4, p. 113; 5, p. 7.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 6, 53, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papil-ionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 1, p. 7; 3, p. 664.</p><p>Telmiades [sic]; Hayward, 1934. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 6: 207; Telmiades amphion .</p><p>Telemiades sp. Salazar, 1996. S hilap Revta lepid. 24: 191.—Andrade, 2002, in Costa et al. Monogr. Terc. Milenio, Saragoza, 2: 159.— Beccaloni et al., 2008. Monografías Tercer Milenio 8: 102; hostplant.—Bonfantti; Di Mare &amp; Giovenardi, 2009. Check List, Campinas, 5 (4): 826.—Mielke; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande, 2010. Biota Neotrop. 10 (4): 296.— Janzen et al., 2011. PLoS ONE 6 (8): 6, 13.—Mielke; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande, 201 2. Acta Amaz. 42 (2): 255.</p><p>Type species: Papilio avitus Stoll, 1781 (designated by Scudder, 1875).</p><p>Taxonomic history. Telemiades was proposed by Hübner ([1819]), including Papilio avitus Stoll, 1781, Papilio salatis Stoll, 1782 [= Salatis salatis] and Telemiades epicalus (= avitus Cramer 345E).</p><p>Diagnosis. Adults are characterized by the following characters: labial palpi porrect (sensu Evans, 1953), eyelashes dark brown and short, long apiculus (≥ 18 segments), males with costal fold in FW, three apical hyaline spots in R 3 –R 4, R 4 –R 5 and R 5 –M 1 in FW, tegumen with one or two pairs of lateral apophysis, uncus shorter than tegumen (except in “ epicalus group”), and distal margin with two lateral projections, gnathos divided, sclerotized arms connected by a thin membrane; apical third of arms semi–rectangular and corrugated; posterior apophysis twice the size of papilla analis, ductus bursae with internal sclerotized parts.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFB9FFC0D790FD203073FEA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFB4FFCAD790FE033291F9EA.text	0383CD7AFFB4FFCAD790FE033291F9EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades amphion (Geyer 1832)	<div><p>Telemiades amphion (Geyer, 1832)</p><p>(Figs 2–5, 142, 180, 206)</p><p>Proteides amphion Hübner, [1819] . Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 105; nom. nud. (ICZN, Art. 12.1.—no description).</p><p>Proteides amphion Geyer, 1832, in Hübner. Zutr. Samml. exot. Schmett. 4, p. 12, pl. [109], figs 631, 632 (male d, v); Indias Ocident., Berg leg.—Plötz, 1879. Stett. ent. Ztg. 40: 179. — Plötz, 1882. Berl. ent. Ztschr. 26: 71; syn.: compressa .— Hemming, 1937. Hübner 1, p. 476, 482.</p><p>Hesperia amphion; Westwood, 1852, in Doubleday. Gen. Diurn. Lep. 2, p. 526.—Weidemeyer, 1864. Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 2: 539.</p><p>Aethilla amphion; Butler, 1870. Ent. monthly Mag. 7: 57.— Kirby, 1871. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., p. 577.—Butler, 1877. Trans. ent. Soc. London, p. 149.—Weeks, 1901. Ill. unfig. Lep., p. 30.—Weeks, 1905. Ill. Diurn. Lep. 1, p. 30.—Kirby, 1908–1912, in Hübner. Zutr. Samml. exot. Schmett., reed., p. 24.</p><p>Plesioneura amphion; Herrich–Schäffer, 1870. Corr.–Blatt zool.–min. Ver. Regensburg 24: 156.</p><p>Plesioneura compressa Möschler, 1877 (Prittwitz in litt.). Verh. zool.–bot. Ges. Wien 26: 336, pl. 4, fig. 22 (d); 3 specimens from coast and interior of Suriname; Möschler collection.— Kirby, 1877. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., Suppl., p. 832.</p><p>Eudamus amphion; Kirby, 1879. Cat. Coll. Diurn. Lep. Hewitson, p. 214.</p><p>Telemiades amphion; Mabille, 1878. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 21: 27. — Watson, 1893. Proc. zool. Soc. London, p. 27.— Godman &amp; Salvin, 1893. Biol. Centr.–Amer., Lep.–Rhop. 2, p. 318.— Mabille, 1903, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 28.— Godman, 1907. Ann. &amp; Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)20: 135; syn.: zethos, antiope .— Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912. Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (9)16: 112, 121; syn.: zethos, antiopa .—Dyar, 1914. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 47: 152.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross– Schmett. Erde 5, p. 868, pl. 168e, f (d, v); syn.: zethos, antiopa .—Köhler, 1923. Ztschr. wiss. Insektenb. 18, Sonderb., p. 32.—J. Zikán, 1928. Ent. Rdsch., Stuttgart, 45: 26.—Köhler &amp; Strassberger, 1928. Publ. Breyer, Buenos Aires, p. 5.— Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 77; syn.: zethos, antiope, compressa .—Bell, 1931. Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 39: 86.—Williams &amp; Bell, 1931. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 57: 255, fig. 1 (male gen.).— Bell, 1933. Ent. News 44: 266; syn.: buffumi .— Hayward, 1933. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 5: 180, pls 9, fig. 9 [recte 19] (male gen.), 4 [recte 14], fig. 9 (d); syn.: zethos, antiope, compressa .—Hayward, 1934. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 6: 190.—F. Hoffmann, 1934. Ent. Rdsch., Stuttgart, 51: 27.—Shepard, 1936. Lep. Cat. 74, p. 616.—Hall, 1939. Agric. Jour. Brit. Guiana 10: 219.—Hall, 1940. Ent. Bull. Brit. Guiana Dept. Agric. 3: 55.—C. Hoffmann, 1941. An. Inst. Biol., Mexico, 12: 247; syn.: zethos, antiope, compressa .—Hayward, 1941. Rev. Mus. La Plata, n. s., Zool. 2: 250; syn.: compressa, zethos, antiope, buffumi .— Williams &amp; Hayward, 1944. Acta zool. Lill. 2: 107; syn.: compressa, zethos, antiope, buffumi .— Bell, 1946. Bol. Ent. venezol. 5: 90; syn.: compressa, anthiope, zethos, buffumi .—Bell, 1947. Bol. Ent. venezol. 6: 138.—Hayward, 1947. Acta zool. Lill. 4: 256; syn.: compressa, zethos, antiope, buffumi .— Hayward, 1948. Gen. Sp. Anim. Arg. 1, p. 134, pls 5, fig. 9 (male gen.), 20, fig. 12 (d); syn.: compressa, zethos, antiope, buffumi .—Cardoso, 1949. Rev. Ent., Rio de Janeiro, 20: 432.— Moss, 1949. Acta zool. Lill. 7: 48, pl. 4, fig. 19 (larva); biol., hostplant.—Silva et al., 1968. Quarto Cat. Ins. viv. Plantas Brasil 2 (1), p. 320; hostplant.—J. Zikán &amp; W. Zikán, 1968. Pesq. agropec. bras. 3: 63; hostplant.—Hayward, 1969. Inst. Miguel Lillo, Misc. 31: 84.—Lewis, 1973. Butt. World, p. 87, fig. 24 (d), p. 249.—Lewis, 1975. Marip. Mundo, p. 87, fig. 24 (d), p. 249.—C. Hoffmann, 1976. Publ. Esp. Soc. Mex. Lep. 1: 121; syn.: zethos, antiope, compressa .—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 6, 19, 28, 129; 2, p. 36; syn.: buffumi, compressa, zethos .—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 10, 30, 44, 204; 2, p. 59; syn.: buffumi, compressa, zethos .— Beccaloni et al., 2008. Monografías Tercer Milenio 8: 102; hostplant.—Garwood et al., 2009. Butt. South. Amaz., 2 nd ed., p. 308, figs (d, v).—Vargas &amp; Salazar, 2014. Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat., U. Caldas, 18: 278.—Basset et al., 2015. PLOS ONE 10 (8) (e0136623), S1 App.—Sambhu &amp; Nankishore, 2018. Zootaxa 4371: 14.</p><p>Proteides zethos Plötz, 1882 . Berl. ent. Ztschr. 26: 71; nº 5.038 [holotype], Pará, [Brazil]; Mus. Berol.</p><p>Aethilla buffumi Weeks, 1906 . Can. Ent. 38: 174; I–1900, Suapure, Venezuela.—Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1919. Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (10)2: 203.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 877.</p><p>Telemiades buffumi; Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 79.</p><p>Telmiades [sic] amphion; Hayward, 1934. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 6: 207.</p><p>Telemiades amphion amphion; Bell, 1949. Amer. Mus. Novit. 1385: 1, fig. 1 (male gen.); syn.: compressa, zethos, buffumi .— Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 30, pl. 28 (male gen.); syn.: compressa, zethos, buffumi .—Evans, 1956. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 4, Add. (sep., 1956), p. 2.—Biezanko, 1968, in Silva et al. Quarto Cat. Ins. viv. Plantas Brasil 2 (2), p. 251.— Mielke, 1973. Acta biol. paranaense 2: 28.—de Jong, 1983. Tijd. Ent. 126: 241; syn.: compressa .—Lamas; Robbins &amp; Harvey, 1996. Rev. peruana Ent. 39: 69.—Maes et al., 1999, in Maes. Cat. Ins. Art. Nicaragua 3, p. 1259.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 56, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.: amphion (Hübner, [1819]), compressa, zethos, buffumi .—Pastrana, 2004. Lep. arg., Plantas hosp., p. 214; planta hospedeira.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 741; syn.: compressa, zethos, buffumi . —Gareca et al., 2006, in Gareca &amp; Reichle. Marip. diurn. Bolivia, p. 18.—Mielke; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande, 2012. Acta Amaz. 42 (2): 254.—Casagrande et al., 2012. Revta bras. Ent. 56 (1): 27.</p><p>(no genus) amphion; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 76.</p><p>(no genus) compressa; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 116.</p><p>(no genus) zethos; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 291.</p><p>(no genus) buffumi; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 100.</p><p>Telemiades amphion misitheus; Lamas, 1981. Rev. Soc. Mex. Lep. 6: 36.—Lamas; Robbins &amp; Harvey, 1991. Publ. Mus. Hist. Nat., Lima, 40: 17.—Lamas, 1994, in Foster et al. RAP Working Papers 6: 174.—Robbins et al., 1996, in Wilson &amp; Sandoval. Manu, p. 246.— Mielke &amp; Casagrande, 1998. Revta bras. Zool. 14: 990.–—Pinheiro &amp; Emery, 2006. Biota Neotropica 6 (3): 5.—Mielke; Emery &amp; Pinheiro, 2008. Revta bras. Ent. 52 (2): 286.—Mielke; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande, 2010. Biota Neotrop. 10 (4): 296.</p><p>Timochares amphion; Scott, 1986. Papilio, n. s., 3: 9.</p><p>Type material. Proteides amphion Geyer, 1832 was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from “Westindien” [=American continent based on Hübner, [1819]]. Even though Hübners’ type material is supposedly housed at ZMHU, no syntypes of P. amphion were found there. Thus, a male neotype of Proteides amphion is hereby designated, in order to stabilize the identity of this species. The chosen neotype specimen has the same morphological characteristics of the male illustrated by Geyer (1832, pl; [109], figs 631 and 632) and well discussed by Evans (1953), and is deposited at the DZUP with the following labels: / Neotypus / Imperatriz, MA[ranhão, Brazil] 9–VIII–1974 Exc. Depto. Zool./ Neotypus Proteides amphion Geyer, 1832 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/ DZ 25.955/.</p><p>Plesioneura compressa Möschler, 1877 was described based on three specimens from the coast and interior of Suriname. Even though Möschlers’ type material is supposedly housed at ZMHU, no syntypes of P. compressa were found there. Thus, a male neotype of Plesioneura compressa is hereby designated, in order to stabilize the identity of this species. The chosen neotype specimen has the same morphological characteristics of the male illustrated by Möschler (1877, pl. 4, fig. 22) and well discussed by Evans (1953), it’s from the same type locality, and is deposited at the DZUP–OM with the following labels: / Neotypus / Suriname 1963/ [OM] 11.935/ Neotypus Plesioneura compressa Möschler, 1877 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/.</p><p>Proteides zethos Plötz, 1882 was described based on one specimen [holotype] from Pará [Brazil]. The male holotype is deposited at ZMHU with the following labels: / Holotypus Nr./ 5038/ Pará Sieb[er]/ zethos Pl. Type/.</p><p>Aethilla buffumi Weeks, 1906 was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from Suapure [Bolivar], Venezuela. Two syntypes specimens (one male and one female) of A. buffumi were found in MCZ. The female syntype has the following labels: 1/1/90 / 733/ SUAPURE VENEZUELA / A G Weeks Collection/ M. C. Z. Type 16684./ Jan.–Jun. 2001 MCZ Image Database/. In order to stabilize the identity of this species, this female specimen is hereby designated lectotype of Aethilla buffumi Weeks, 1906 . The lectotype has a label with the same information published in the original description, and the following labels will also be attached: / Lectotypus / Lectotypus Aethilla buffumi Weeks, 1906 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. The male specimen is hereby designated paralectotype and the following labels will also be attached: / Paralectotypus / Paralectotypus Aethilla buffumi Weeks, 1906 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. These labels will be sent to the curator for the collection.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 14–17 mm (n=54) and females 15–18 mm (n=24). Telemiades amphion resembles T. belli Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov. and T. fides, but is distinguished mainly by its geographical distribution from the Amazonas region to south Brazil, while T. belli sp. nov. and T. fides occurs on Central America. Additionally, the following genitalia characters differentiates T. amphion from other species of the “ amphion group”: valva with hook–like distal process, distally slightly curved; lamella antevaginalis with distal margin slightly concave; lamella postvaginalis rounded.</p><p>Variation. Specimens vary in size, in the dark spots in FW and HW, in the size of hyaline spots of discal area and in the apical hyaline spot in R 5 –M 1, which in some individuals may be smaller or absent. The male genitalia also vary in size, as well and the posterior margin of the tegumen and the distal process of the tegumen may be larger and less sharp.</p><p>Natural history. Telemiades amphion flies throughout the year. Immatures have been reported on Inga pilosula and Zygia cauliflora (Fabaceae) (Moss 1949).</p><p>Distribution. This species is distributed in Amazon and interior Atlantic Forest areas, occurring in Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Brazil.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Hübner, [1819] proposed the name Proteides amphion without giving a description or illustration of the species. Thus, this name is nomen nudum according to Article 12.1 of ICZN. Geyer (1832) mentioned Proteides amphion (which he attributed to Hübner) and gave a brief description of it based on an unknown number of specimens from the “Westindien” [=American continent based on Hübner, [1819]]. By doing so, Geyer (1832) satisfied the ICZN requirements to become the author of the species. After Geyer’s description, the species was transferred to Hesperia (Westwood 1852), Aethilla (Butler 1870), Plesioneura (Herrich–Schäffer 1870), Eudamus (Kirby 1879) and finally to Telemiades (Mabille 1878) .</p><p>Plesioneura compressa Möschler, 1877, Proteides zethos Plötz, 1882 and Aethilla buffumi Weeks, 1906 are considered synonyms of T. amphion after Plötz (1882), Godman (1907) and Bell (1933), respectively. The examination of the type material of these species confirms that they are synonyms of T. amphion .</p><p>Examined material. No data: 2 males and 1 female, NHMUK 010242431, NHMUK 010242481*, NHMUK 010242469 (NHMUK); 1 male, ex–coll. J. Arp, 58/354 (MNRJ).</p><p>ECUADOR: El Oro— Zaruma, 1 male, M. de Mathan leg., NHMUK 010242483 * (NHMUK) . Los Ríos — Babahoyo, Río de Las Juntas, VI–VII–1893, 1 male, M. de Mathan leg., NHMUK 010242482 * (NHMUK) .</p><p>PERU: no specific locality, 1 male, Garlepp leg. (ZSM) . Amazonas— Rodríguez de Mendoza, 1500–2500 m, 22–X–2002, 1 male, Calderón leg., OM 60.588 (DZUP–OM); 1500 m, XII–1993, 1 male, B. Calderón leg. (MHNL) . Cuzco— Vale do Cosñipata, Quebrada Santa Isabel , 1200 m, 30–III–2016, 2 males, Mielke leg., OM 80.025, OM 80.075 (DZUP–OM); 22–X–2016, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 82.657 (DZUP–OM); Quebrada Quitacalzón, 1100 m, 6–XI–2008, 1 female, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL); 29–I–2010, 1 female, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL); 5–II–2011, 1 female, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL); 20–V–2012, 1 male and 1 female, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL); 4–IV–2016, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 79.931 (DZUP–OM); 26–X–2018, 2 males, Mielke leg., OM 87.366, OM 87.336 (DZUP–OM) . Junín— Vitoc, 5 Km SSE Vitoc, Rio Tulumayo, 1100–1200 m, 19–X–1989, 1 male, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL) . Loreto— Arcádia, 150 m, 30–X–1993, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL); 31–X–1993, 1 male, R. K. Robbins leg. (MHNL); Iquitos, Yanamono, 80 Km E , 120m, 27–VII–1984, 1 male, G. Lamas &amp; J. L. B. Mallet leg. (MHNL) . Madre de Díos — <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.36667/lat -12.866667)">Alto Río</a> Madre de Díos, 1 Km NE Atalaya (Cuzco), Albergue Amazonia, 12° 52’ S, 71° 22’ W , 500 m, 2–X–2011, 1 male, S. Kinyon leg. (MHNL); 3–X–2011, 1 male, L. Gibson leg. (MHNL); 7–11–XI–2012, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 73.400 (DZUP–OM); 23–28–X–2013, 2 males, Mielke leg., OM 75.955, OM 75.635 (DZUP–OM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=68.89444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.955" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 68.89444/lat -12.955)">Pampas del Heath</a>, 12°57’18’’ S, 68°53’40’’ O , 200 m, 23–VIII–2012, 1 male, Cerdeña leg., DZ 36.153 (DZUP); Parque Nacional del Manu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.255&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.93" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.255/lat -11.93)">Pakitza</a>, 11° 55’ 48’’ S, 71° 15’ 18’’ W , 400 m, 8–IX–1989, 1 male, D. Harvey leg. (MHNL); 340 m, 17–X–1991, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 26.048 (DZUP), 11–X–1991, 1 male, Robbins leg., DZ 26.043 (DZUP), 10–X–1991, 1 female, Lamas leg., DZ 26.047 (DZUP), 30–IX–1991, 1 male, Robbins leg., DZ 26.046 (DZUP); Reserva Tambopata, Boca do Rio La Torre, 300 m, 27–VII–1980, 1 female, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL); 28–II–1982, 1 male, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL); 26–X–1983, 1 male, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL); 2–V–1984, 1 male, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Shintuya</a>, 3.6 Km NE Albergue Fantiacolla, 12°39’21’’S, 71°13’53’’W , 400 m, 4–8–XI–2017, 3 males, Mielke leg., OM 85.558, OM 85.926, OM 85.856 (DZUP–OM); 30–X–2–XI–2018, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 88.159 (DZUP–OM) . Loreto— Pebas, 120 m, 16–VII–2003, 1 female, J. J. Ramiréz leg. (MHNL) . San Martín— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.6666665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.7/lat -5.6666665)">Rioja</a>, El Afluente, 5º 40’ S, 77º 42’ W , VI–2011, 1 female, J. Pintado leg. (MHNL); Juanjui, 200 m, 15–IX–2002, 1 female, OM 60.256 (DZUP–OM); 5°39’48’’S, 77°41’41W, 1.300 m, IV–2017, 1 male, J. Pintado leg., OM 83.199 (DZUP– OM); Tarapoto, V–VIII–1886, 1 female, M. de Mathan leg., NHMUK 010242492 (NHMUK) .</p><p>BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz— Buenavista, 5 KM NO, 500 m, 30–IX–4–X–2001, 2 males, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., OM 55.123, OM 55.193 (DZUP–OM); 750 m, VIII–06–IV–07, 1 male, Steinbach leg., NHMUK 010242475 * (NHMUK) .</p><p>VENEZUELA: Bolívar — Sierra de Imataca — Rio Grande, 200 m, 17–V–1966, 1 male, Lichy leg., OM 40.266 (DZUP–OM) .</p><p>GUYANA: no specific locality, Parish leg., 1 female, NHMUK 010242420 (NHMUK); 1 female, NHMUK 010242426 (NHMUK); Rewa River, 3–XII–1962, 1 male, A. Bedford Russel leg., BMNH(E) 666103 (NHMUK); Carimang River, 2 females, H. Whitely leg., NHMUK 010242422, NHMUK 010242424 (NHMUK). Alto Demerara: Linden, Essequibo River, 6–I–1963, 1 female, A. Bedford Russel leg., BMNH(E) 666101 (NHMUK). Demera-ra–Mahaica: Georgetown, Atkinson, 23–III–1963, 1 male, A. Bedford Russel leg., BMNH(E) 666102 (NHMUK); Paradise, Demerara river, 1 female, NHMUK 010242487 (NHMUK). Potaro–Siparuni: Mahdia, Kaieteur Falls, II–III–1936, 1 female, A. Hall leg., NHMUK 010242488 (NHMUK) .</p><p>SURINAME: no specific locality, 1 male, 5035 (ZMHU); 1963, 1 female, DZ 11.935 (DZUP); 1 male, ex–coll. Jonkers (NBC) . Marowijne— Albina, Blakka Watra, Lelydorp–Bernharddorp, III–VII–2001, 1 female, ex–coll. E. Jongerling (CEB) . Wanica— Lelydorp, Domburg, 26–VII–1964, 1 male, E. H. Jonkers leg., ex–coll. Jonkers (NBC) ; 14–VI–1973, 1 female, E. H. Jonkers leg., ex–coll. Jonkers (NBC); 10–IV–1974, 1 female, E. H. Jonkers leg., ex–coll. Jonkers (NBC); 22–II–1975, 1 female, E. H. Jonkers leg., ex–coll. Jonkers (NBC) .</p><p>FRENCH GUIANA: no specific locality, 2 males e 1 female, NHMUK 010242421 *, NHMUK 010242423 *, NHMUK 010242428, NHMUK 010242434 (NHMUK); Caiena, 4 males and 4 females, NHMUK 010242419 *, NHMUK 010242425 *, NHMUK 010242489, NHMUK 010242155, NHMUK 010242430, NHMUK 010242432, NHMUK 010242436, NHMUK 010242438 (NHMUK) .</p><p>BRAZIL: no specific locality, 1 female, NHMUK 010242444 (NHMUK). Amapá— Santana, Porto Santana, 26–II–1963, 1 male, Mielke leg., 100/388 (MNRJ); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Serra do Navio</a>, 5–III–1963, 1 male, Mielke leg., 100/389 (MNRJ) ; 20–II–1964, 1 female, Mielke leg., 100/391 (MNRJ); 23–25–VII–2007, 2 males, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 33.932, DZ 33.940 (DZUP). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Amazonas</a> —no specific locality, 1 male and 1 female, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242461 *, NHMUK 010242442 (NHMUK) ; 4 males, NHMUK 010242429 *, NHMUK 010242435 *, NHMUK 010242437 *, NHMUK 010242479 * (NHMUK). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Boa Vista do Ramos</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Massauari</a>, 1 male (ZMHU) ; Borba— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Rio Abacaxis</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Trilha Pirarara</a>, 26–28–V–2008, 1 female, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 26.003 (DZUP) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Fonte Boa</a>, 80 m, 2°33’22’’S, 66°03’56’’O, 11–23–VIII–2011, 1 male, Emery leg., ex–coll. Emery, DZ 46.919 (DZUP) ; Jutaí, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Rio Jutaí</a>, 1–II–1915, 1 female, NHMUK 010242446 (NHMUK) ; Manaus, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Rio Solimões</a>, 1 male and 2 females, NHMUK 010242477, NHMUK 010242478, NHMUK 010242496 (NHMUK) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Rio Preto da Eva</a>, XI–1996, 1 female, Büche leg., OM 45.752 (DZUP) ; Tefé, 7–IX, 1 male, M. de Mathan leg., NHMUK 010242427 * (NHMUK); 1 female, NHMUK 010242462 (NHMUK). Acre — Bujari, 50 Km NO, 200 m, 18–20–IX–2003, 1 male, O.–C. Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 25.986 (DZUP); Mâncio Lima, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor</a>, 7° 26’ 50’’ S, 73° 39’ 52’’ W, 10–21–IX–2011, 1 male, Dolibaina &amp; Moura leg., DZ 33.908 (DZUP) ; 23–30–VIII– 2014, 3 males, Mielke, Casagrande, Carneiro, Dias, Dolibaina, Siewert &amp; Salik leg., DZ 33.915, DZ 33.918, DZ 33.934 (DZUP); Porto Acre —Reserva Humaitá, 200 m, 8–10–IX–2004, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 25.974* (DZUP); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Santa Rosa do Purus</a>, 13–VIII–2008, 1 female, Mielke &amp; Carneiro leg., DZ 26.045 (DZUP) ; Senador Guiomard— Reserva Catuaba, 200 m, 2–5–IX–2004, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 25.968 (DZUP); 20–23–VII–2004, 3 males, O.–C. Mielke leg., OM 65.555, OM 65.604, OM 65.613 (DZUP–OM); Tarauacá, 250 m, 29–VI–1975, 1 male, Ebert leg., DZ 30.805 (DZUP). Maranhão: no specific locality, 1 male and 1 female, T. Belt leg., NHMUK 010242474 *, NHMUK 010242476 (NHMUK); Feira Nova do Maranhão, 26 Km L, Fazenda Forquilha dos Brejos (7° 00’ 29’’ S, 46° 26’ 30’’ W), 14–21–VIII–2011, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 26.181 (DZUP); Imperatriz, 1–VII–1974, 1 female, 2–VII–1974, 1 male, 3–VII–1974, 1 female, 9–VIII–1974, 1 male, 12–VII–1974, 1 male, 15–VII–1974, 1 male, 18–VII–1974, 1 male, 14–VIII–1974, 1 female, Exc. Depto. Zool., DZ 25.960*, DZ 25.957, DZ 25.965, DZ 25.955, DZ 25.956*, DZ 25.958, DZ 25.961, DZ 25.959 (DZUP). Alagoas — Maceió, 23–I–1949, 1 male, Cardoso leg., DZ 26.044 (DZUP). Bahia —no specific locality, 1 female, Luschnath leg., NHMUK 010242495 (NHMUK). Pará —no specific locality, 13 males and 11 females, A.M. Moss leg., NHMUK 010242439, NHMUK 010242441, NHMUK 010242443, NHMUK 010242447, NHMUK 010242448, NHMUK 010242451, NHMUK 010242453, NHMUK 010242457, NHMUK 010242459, NHMUK 010242463, NHMUK 010242468, NHMUK 010242470, NHMUK 010242472, NHMUK 010242455, NHMUK 010242450, NHMUK 010242454, NHMUK 010242456, NHMUK 010242458, NHMUK 010242460, NHMUK 010242464, NHMUK 010242465, NHMUK 010242466, NHMUK 010242467, NHMUK 010242471, NHMUK 010242473 (NHMUK); 2 males, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242445 *, NHMUK 010242449 * (NHMUK); 1 female, Saunders leg., NHMUK 010242452 (NHMUK); 1 male (ZMHU); 1 female, ex–coll. Thieme (ZMHU); Belém, 20 m, 10–15–XI–1984, 1 male, Becker leg., OM 50.648 (DZUP); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Parque Estadual do Utinga</a>, 1 female, ex–coll. E. May, 18/844 (MNRJ) ; 14–VII–1936, 1 male, D’Almeida leg., ex–coll. D’Almeida, DZ 33.107 (DZUP); 31–VIII–1937, 1 female, E. May leg., DZ 33.086 (DZUP); Benevides —Neópolis, 1–3–VIII–1992, 1 male and 1 female, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., OM 32.667, OM 32.475 (DZUP–OM); Itaituba, 1 male, 1893, Michael leg. (ZMHU); 2 males and 1 female, NHMUK 010242484 *, NHMUK 010242485, NHMUK 010242486 * (NHMUK); Óbidos, 10–I–1934, 1 female, B. Pohl leg. (MZUSP); X–1934, 1 female, B. Pohl leg. (MZUSP); Ourém, Estrada Pará–Maranhão Km 28, 14–III–1964, 1 male, Mielke leg., 100/390 (MNRJ); Paragominas, Água Azul, 15–VIII–1974, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 25.966 (DZUP); Santarém, 2 males, H. H. Smith leg., NHMUK 010242156 *, NHMUK 010242433 * (NHMUK); 1 female, H.W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242440 (NHMUK); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Santo Antonio do Tauá</a>, Reserva Sonho Azul, 15–I– 2005, 1 male, 23–II–2005, 1 male, 10–VII–2005, 1 female, 13–VIII–2005, 1 female, 28–VIII–2005, 1 female, 14– IX–2005, 1 female, 7–XI–2006, 1 female, 28–XI–2005, 1 male, 16–XII–2005, 1 male, 16–X–2006, 1 male, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 25.994, DZ 25.997, DZ 25.990*, DZ 25.993, DZ 25.992, DZ 25.995, DZ 25.991, DZ 25.998, DZ 25.996, DZ 25.978* (DZUP). Rondônia — Ouro Preto d’Oeste, 17–31–VIII–1987, 1 male, C. Elias leg., DZ 25.967 (DZUP) ; Vilhena, 4–XII–1986, 1 male, C. Elias leg., DZ 25.964 (DZUP). Mato Grosso — Barra dos Bugres, 11– V–1974, 2 males, Furtado leg., DZ 25.977, DZ 25.983 (DZUP); 25–VI–1974, 1 male, Furtado leg., DZ 25.963 (DZUP); Chapada dos Guimarães, 23–XII–1965, 1 male, Ebert leg., DZ 25.980 (DZUP); 600 m, 27–VI–1972, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Brown leg., DZ 25.982 (DZUP); Buriti, 17–II–1967, 2 males, Tangerini leg., DZ 25.973, DZ 33.088 (DZUP); Diamantino, Fazenda São João, Alto <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Rio Arinos</a>, 2–IX–1978, 1 female, Mielke &amp; Furtado leg., DZ 25.972 (DZUP) ; 300–400 m, 5–IX–1979, 1 female, Furtado leg., DZ 30.651 (DZUP); São Vicente, 700 m, 15–VII–1972, 2 males, Mielke &amp; Brown leg., DZ 25.970, DZ 25.985 (DZUP). Goiás — Campinaçu, Fazenda Barra Mansa, X– 1992, 1 male, Tangerini leg., DZ 33.087 (DZUP); Iporá, 22 Km Oeste, 420 m, 21–VI–1972, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Brown leg., DZ 25.979 (DZUP); Pirenópolis, 23–VI–2011, 1 male, Emery leg., ex–coll. Emery, DZ 46.923 (DZUP). Distrito Federal— Brasília, Jardim Zoológico, 1–III–2002, 1 male, Emery leg., ex–coll. Emery, DZ 34.039* (DZUP); Planaltina, 13–I–2005, 1 male, Emery leg., ex–coll. Emery, DZ 46.918 (DZUP); Córrego Grotão, 28–X– 2005, 1 male, Emery leg., ex–coll. Emery, DZ 46.922 (DZUP); Sobradinho, 27–I–2012, 1 male, Emery leg., excoll. Emery, DZ 46.921 (DZUP). Tocantins— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Ilha do Bananal</a>, 24–VI–1979, 1 male, Gifford leg., DZ 25.962 (DZUP). Mato Grosso do Sul — Porto Murtinho, 29–XII, 1 male, R. Spitz leg., NHMUK 010242490 (NHMUK). São Paulo — Pereira Barreto, Fazenda Nova Estrela, 300 m, 1–V–1933, 1 male and 1 female, Ebert leg., DZ 25.981, DZ 25.984 (DZUP) ; Poloni, 29–VI–1984, 1 male, ex–coll. Pe. F. Martins Pinto (MZUSP); 2–IV–1985, 1 male, ex–coll. Pe. F. Martins Pinto (MZUSP); 25–III–1985, 1 male, ex–coll. Pe. F. Martins Pinto (MZUSP); 1 female, 15–V–1985, ex–coll. Pe. F. Martins Pinto (MZUSP); 20–V–1985, 1 female, ex–coll. Pe. F. Martins Pinto (MZUSP); 13–III–1985, 1 male, ex–coll. Pe. F. Martins Pinto (MZUSP); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">São José do Rio Preto</a>, 4–IV–1928, 2 females, W. Marten leg., ex–coll. Schiffweiler (ZfB) ; Teodoro Sampaio, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo</a>, 250– 500 m, 20–23–II–1990, 3 males and 1 female, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 25.969, DZ 25.971*, DZ 25.975, DZ 25.976 (DZUP). Paraná— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Diamante do Norte</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Estação Ecológica do Caiuá</a>, 300 m, 22–IV–2011, 2 males, 23–IV– 2011, 1 male, Dolibaina &amp; Salik leg., DZ 25.999, DZ 26.001, DZ 26.000 (DZUP) ; 25–VI–2011, 2 males, 26–XI– 2011, 1 male, 14–X–2011, 1 female, Carneiro, Dolibaina &amp; Salik leg., DZ 26.005, DZ 33.942, DZ 26.004, DZ 26.007 (DZUP); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Foz do Iguaçu</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Parque Nacional do Iguaçu</a>, 9–XI–2014, 1 male, Greve leg., DZ 46.920 (DZUP) ; Paranavaí, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Santo Antonio do Caiuá</a>, 12 Km O, 300 m, 15–XII–2009, 1 female, Mielke, Maia, Carneiro &amp; Dolibaina leg., DZ 25.987 (DZUP) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Santo Antonio do Caiuá</a>, 26 Km O, 300 m, 15–XII–2009, 1 male, Mielke, Maia, Carneiro &amp; Dolibaina leg., DZ 25.988 (DZUP) ; Planaltina, RPPN Duas Barras (12°11’ 41’’ S, 53° 00’ 20’’ W), 13–V–2009, 1 male, Dolibaina &amp; Carneiro leg., DZ 25.989 (DZUP); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Querência do Norte</a>, RPPN <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Fazenda da Mata</a> (22° 58’ 60’’ S, 53° 31’ 59’’ W), 5–X–2012, 1 male, LABLEP, DZ 33.686 (DZUP) ; RPPN Fazenda Santa Fé, 23° 05’ 37’’S, 53° 35’ 43’’W, 11-12-IX-2018, 1 male, Casagrande, Mielke, Carneiro &amp; Orlandin leg., DZ 47.082 (DZUP); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">São Pedro do Ivaí</a>, RPPN Barbacena, 300 m, 8–X–2010, 1 female, Mielke, Dolibaina, Carneiro &amp; Maia leg., DZ 26.002 (DZUP) ; 8–II–2016, 2 males, Dolibaina &amp; Warren leg., DD 492, DD 493 (DD); Terra Rica, Parque Municipal Morrinhos, 500 m, 13–X–2011, 1 male, Carneiro, Dolibaina &amp; Salik leg., DZ 26.006 (DZUP)</p><p>.</p><p>PARAGUAY: no specific locality, 1885, 1 male, P. Germain leg., NHMUK 010242494 (NHMUK); 1 male, Pefrens leg., NHMUK 010242480 (NHMUK) . Paraguarí— Sapucai, 22–XII–1904, 1 male, W. Forster leg., NHMUK 010242493 * (NHMUK) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFB4FFCAD790FE033291F9EA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFB0FFCBD790F9303796F852.text	0383CD7AFFB0FFCBD790F9303796F852.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades belli Siewert, Mielke & Casagrande 2020	<div><p>Telemiades belli Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 6–9, 143, 181, 206)</p><p>Telemiades amphion (? Variant); Bell, 1949. Amer. Mus. Novit. 1385: 2–3, fig. 6 (male gen.)</p><p>Diagnosis. Telemiades belli Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov. closely resembles T. amphion and T. fides, but it can be distinguished all species of the “ amphion group” by the valva with hook–like distal process.</p><p>Description. Head: frons and vertex brown, with a few cream scales. Eyes surrounded by white scales. Labial palpi dark brown with sparse cream scales, third segment dark brown. Antennae dark brown, base of each segment cream, apical third ventrally cream; nudum of 19–20 segments.</p><p>Thorax: dorsally dark brown; ventrally dark brown and cream.</p><p>FW: length of males 15–17 mm (n=3) and females 17–19 mm (n=4). DFW (Figs 6, 8): ground color dark brown; two costal hyaline spots squared and compacts; two cellular hyaline spots, the upper smaller in males and both of same size in females; two discal hyaline spots, triangular in M 3 –CuA 1 and squared with proximal margin excavated in CuA 1 –CuA 2; dark brown patch in CuA 2 –2A, more visible in females; three apical hyaline spots in R 3 –R 4, R 4 –R 5 and R 5 –M 1, the last smaller.</p><p>DHW (Figs 6, 8): ground color dark brown; four dark brown rounded discal spots; submarginal dark brown spots as an irregular band.</p><p>VFW (Figs 7, 9): as DFW; paler below CuA 2.</p><p>VHW (Figs 7, 9): as DHW; discal and submarginal spots more visible.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 143): tegumen rounded, distal margin with two pairs of lateral apophysis with half size of uncus. Anterior projection of saccus rounded. Uncus shorter, about 1/3 the length of tegumen, distal margin with a pair of lateral, squared and short apophysis. Valva rectangular, two times as long as wide, costa rectangular, about 2/3 of valva size; distal process of valva rounded and serrated; sacculus rectangular, about 1/3 the length of valva. Fultura inferior distally bifid. Aedeagus cylindrical, sinuous on proximal half, insertion of manica in the middle of aedeagus, opening for ejaculatory bulb rounded; distal margin truncated; opening for vesica right and lateral, about 2/3 the length of aedeagus; cornuti as numerous spines, disposed in lines.</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 181): tergum VIII rounded; papilla analis covered by scales on apical third; posterior apophysis two times the length of papilla. Lamella antevaginales rectangular, distal margin slightly concave. Lamella postvaginalis rectangular, 2/3 shorter than lamella antevaginalis, distal margin concave. Ductus bursae membranous, sclerotized proximally of ostium; corpus bursae membranous and globular, with same size of ductus, 2/3 of proximal region rough; signa absent.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades belli sp. nov. is found in Central America and to the west of the Colombian Andes.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named to honor Ernest Layton Bell (1876–1964) for his extensive contribution to the study of the Neotropical skippers.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Bell (1949) illustrated the genitalia of a male specimen from “ British Honduras ” [Belize] and treated it as a variation of T. amphion . Despite the differences in the morphology of the male genitalia of Telemiades belli sp. nov. and T. amphion, Bell (1941) opted for not describing a new species until he had sufficient material of it. After dissecting a series of specimens for this study, constant differences in the morphology of the male and female genitalia were found between T. amphion and T. belli sp. nov., sufficient to justify the description of a new species.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male deposited at DZUP–OM with the following labels: / HOLOTYPUS / COSTA</p><p>RICA: Lim Hitoy Cerere 100m 30.viii.2000 V.O. Becker Col/ OM 56.006/ Holotypus Telemiades belli Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. Allotype female deposited at DZUP with the following labels: / ALLOTYPUS / 5–XII–1979 Gamboa, C.[anal] Z.[one] Panamá Robbins leg/ DZ 26.024/ Allotypus Telemiades belli Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/.</p><p>Paratypes. GUATEMALA: Zapote, 1 male, G. C. Champion leg., NHMUK 010242497 (NHMUK) .</p><p>HONDURAS: no specific locality, 1 female, NHMUK 010242499 (NHMUK); 1 male, Saunders leg., NHMUK 010242498 (NHMUK) .</p><p>NICARÁGUA:no specific locality, 2 males, T. Belt leg., NHMUK010242500, NHMUK 010242501 (NHMUK); Chontales, no specific locality, 1 male, T. Belt leg., NHMUK 010242502 (NHMUK) .</p><p>COSTA RICA: Cartago— Turrialba, 1–10–III–1971, 1 female, V. O. Becker leg., DZ 26.009 (DZUP). San José— Esperanza, 1 male, NHMUK 010242504 * (NHMUK); Limón, Reserva Biológica Hiltoy Cerere, 100 m, 30–VIII–2000, 1 female, V. O. Becker leg., OM 55.874 (DZUP); Rio Estrella, 1916, 1 male, NHMUK 010242157 (NHMUK); Heredia— Sarapiqui, La Selva, 50 m, 28–III–1972, 1 male, V. O. Becker leg., DZ 26.025 (DZUP); 6–VI–1992, 1 male, Callaghan leg., OM 77.057 (DZUP–OM) ;</p><p>PANAMA: Panamá— Panamá, Summit, 27–VI–1977, 1 male, DZ 26.027 (DZUP) ; Chiriqui, 1 male (ZMHU); 1 male, Ribbe leg. (ZMHU) .</p><p>COLOMBIA: no specific locality, 1 male, NHMUK 010242503 * (NHMUK); Caldas— Victoria, 6–I–1971, 1 female, Schumann leg., DZ 26.026 (DZUP); Choco— no specific locality, 1 female (ZMHU) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFB0FFCBD790F9303796F852	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFB1FFC9D790F87431E9FD0A.text	0383CD7AFFB1FFC9D790F87431E9FD0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades fides Bell 1949	<div><p>Telemiades fides Bell, 1949</p><p>(Figs 10–13, 144, 182, 206)</p><p>Telemiades fides Bell, 1949 . Amer. Mus. Novit. 1385: 6, fig. 7 (gen. male); holotype male, Balboa, Canal Zone, Panama; AMNH.—Freeman, 1951. Field &amp; Lab. 19: 47.—Llorente–Bousquets; Luis–Martínez &amp; Vargas–Fernández, 1990. Publ. esp. Mus. Zool., Mexico, 1: 28.—Llorente–Bousquets et al., 1995. Rev. Soc. Mex. Hist. Nat. 46: 39.—Vargas–Fernández et al., 1996. Jour. Lep. Soc. 50: 109.—Warren et al., 1996. Dugesiana 3 (1): 4.—Raguso &amp; Llorente, 1997, in González; Dirzo &amp; Vogt (eds). Hist. Nat. Tuxtlas. Inst. Biol., UNAM, p. 290.—Warren &amp; Llorente–Bousquets, 1999. Dugesiana 6: 21.—Warren, 2000, in Llorente; González &amp; Papavero (eds). Biodiv., Tax., Biogeogr. Art. Mex. 2, p. 550.—Llorente et al., 2004. Jour. Lep. Soc. 58: 208.—Luis Martínez et al., 2004, in García–Mendoza; Ordóñez &amp; Briones–Salas. Biodiv. Oaxaca, p. 353.—Warren; Ogawa &amp; A. Brower, 2008. Cladistics 24: 31.—Warren; Ogawa &amp; A. Brower, 2009. Syst. Ent. 34: 482, 517; host plant.—Luis Martínez et al., 2011, in Cruz A. (ed.). Biodiv. Veracruz. Apénd. VIII.25, p. 4.— Janzen et al., 2011. PLoS ONE 6 (8): 6, 13.—Luis–M., Salinas–G. &amp; Llorente–B., 2011, in Álvarez (coord.). Chiapas: estudios diversidad biol., Inst. Biol., UNAM, Mexico, p. 387.—J. Miller et al., 2012. Insecta Mundi 205: 41.—Garwood &amp; Lehman, 2013. Butt. C. Amer. 3, Hesp., p. 64, figs (male, female d).—Luis–Martínez et al., 2016. Southw. Ent. 41 (1): 189.</p><p>Telemiades amphion fides; Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 30.— Steinhauser, 1975. Bull. Allyn Mus. 29: 11.—DeVries, 1983, in Janzen. Costa Rican Nat. Hist., p. 676.—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 43; 2, p. 36.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 68; 2, p. 59.—R. G. de la Maza E. &amp; White, 1990. Rev. Soc. Mex. Lep. 13: 84.—J. de la Maza E.; White &amp; R. G. de la Maza E., 1991. Rev. Soc. Mex. Lep. 14: 17.—R. G. de la Maza E. &amp; J. de la Maza E., 1993. Marip. Chiapas, p. 202.—Austin et al., 1999. Trop. Lep. 9, Suppl. 2: 12.—Maes et al., 1999, in Maes. Cat. Ins. Art. Nicaragua 3, p. 1259.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 56, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 742.—Barrios; Méndez &amp; Austin, 2006, in Cano (ed.). Biodiversidad de Guatemala 1, p. 439.—Anderson, 2007. Bull. Allyn Mus. 146: 5.—Glassberg, 2007. Swift Guide Butt. Mexico and C. America, p. 180, fig. (d).— Beccaloni et al., 2008. Monografías Tercer Milenio 8: 102; host plant.</p><p>(no genus) fides; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 145.</p><p>Cogia amphion fides; Okano, 1981. Tokurana 1: 47.</p><p>Type material. Telemiades fides Bell, 1949 was described based on the male holotype and female allotype from Balboa, Canal Zone, Panamá, and the following paratypes: a male from the same locality, a male from Ponte Tapia, Panamá, a female from Lascascadas, Panamá and a male from Presidio, Veracruz, Mexico. The male holotype is deposited at the AMNH and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2016) with the following labels: / HOLOTYPE / Balboa Canal Zone V.27.1914 Acc: 5690/ G1 753/ Telemiades fides Holotype ♂ Bell/. The female allotype is also deposited at the AMNH and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2016) with the following labels: / T. Hallinan Balboa, C. Z. Panama Nov. 19.1914 Ac. 5690/ ALLOTYPE / Telemiades fides Allotype ♀ Bell/. These labels will be sent to the curator for the collection.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 16–19 mm (n=24) and females 18–21 mm (n=24). Telemiades fides resembles T. marpesus in size but can be distinguished by the brown ground color and the absence of submarginal dark spots in the FW. Additionally, T. fides occurs at Central America while T. marpesus is only known from the south Brazilian and Argentinian Atlantic Forest. Telemiades fides is distinguished from the remaining species of the “ amphion group” by the following characters: uncus with median–distally projection slightly rounded; valva with a developed distal process, slightly curved inwards and with small spine–like projections on internal margin; fultura inferior distally bifid with distal margin and base concave; lamella antevaginalis with distal margin concave on median region; lamella postvaginalis with lateral margin truncated.</p><p>Variation. Some specimens from Candelaria Loxicha, Oaxaca, Mexico have reduced hyaline spots in the FW.</p><p>Natural history. Immatures have been reported on Inga spp. and Zygia spp. ( Fabaceae) (Janzen &amp; Hallwachs 2009). According to available data, T. fides flies from July to December.</p><p>Distribution. T. fides occurs in Central America: Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Evans (1953) treated T. fides as a subspecies of T. amphion . The wing and male genitalia distinguish T. fides from the other species of the “ amphion group”, supporting its validity as a separate species (Warren 2000).</p><p>Examined material. MEXICO: Veracruz— Atoyac, 2 males and 1 female, H. H. S. March leg., NHMUK 010242507 *, NHMUK 010242508 *, NHMUK 010242506 (NHMUK). Oaxaca: Candelaria Loxicha, 500 m, 3– X–1969, 1 male, 4–X–1969, 1 male, Welling leg. (OUMNH); 25–VI–1972, 1 male, 26–VII–1972, 1 male, 4–VIII– 1972, 1 male and 2 females, 15–VIII–1972, 2 males and 2 females, 25–VIII–1972, 2 males, 4–IX–1973, 1 male, 27–VII–1973, 1 male, 2–VIII–1973, 1 male, 14–VIII–1973, 1 male, 22–VIII–1973, 1 male, 4–IX–1973, 2 males, 15–IX–1973, 1 female, 24–IX–1973, 1 male, 5–VII–1975, 1 female, 6–VII–1975, 1 male, 17–VIII–1975, 1 male,</p><p>17–XII–1975, 1 female, 14–VII–1976, 1 male, 24–VII–1976, 1 male, 26–VII–1976, 1 male and 1 female, 25–VIII– 1977, 1 male and 1 female, 4–IX–1978, 1 female, 03–X–1985, 1 female, Welling leg., DZ 26.023, DZ 26.033, DZ 26.036, DZ 26.035, DZ 26.037, DZ 26.018, DZ 26.019, DZ 26.010, DZ 26.017*, DZ 26.020, OM 54.461, DZ 26.013, DZ 26.022, DZ 26.021*, DZ 26.028, DZ 26.011, DZ 26.014, DZ 26.040, DZ 26.034, DZ 26.038, DZ 26.016, OM 44.406, OM 44.015, DZ 26.012, DZ 26.008, DZ 26.031, DZ 26.039, DZ 26.032, DZ 26.015, DZ 26.030, OM 44.295, OM 44.264 (DZUP and DZUP–OM). Tabasco— Teapa, 1 male, H. H. S. March leg. , NHMUK 010242505 * (NHMUK) .</p><p>GUATEMALA: Zacapa— La Union, 850 m, 15–X–1972, 1 male, Welling leg., OM 44.968 (DZUP–OM); 21–VIII–1978, 1 male, Welling leg., OM 45.153 (DZUP–OM); 27–VIII–1981, 1 male, Welling leg., DZ 26.029 (DZUP); 18–IX–1981, 1 female, Welling leg., OM 44.911 (DZUP–OM) .</p><p>EL SALVADOR: La Libertad— La Perla, 10 m, 18–X–1970, 1 male, Steinhauser leg. (OUMNH) .</p><p>NICARÁGUA: Chontales— no specific locality, 1 female, T. Belt leg., NHMUK 010242159 (NHMUK) .</p><p>COSTA RICA: Cartago, Azahar [Cerro] de Cartago, X–08, 1 male, NHMUK 010242509 * (NHMUK) .</p><p>PANAMA: Colón— Lion Hill, 1 male, McLeannan leg., NHMUK 010242511 * (NHMUK). Panamá— Panamá, Pacora, 16–XII–1946, 1 male, R.E.E. WSON leg., NHMUK 010242510 (NHMUK). Veraguas— Calobre, 1 male, Arcé leg., NHMUK 010242158 * (NHMUK) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFB1FFC9D790F87431E9FD0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFB3FFD7D790FC903190FC62.text	0383CD7AFFB3FFD7D790FC903190FC62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades marpesus (Hewitson 1876)	<div><p>Telemiades marpesus (Hewitson, 1876), stat. rest.</p><p>(Figs 14–17, 145, 183, 206)</p><p>Eudamus marpesus Hewitson, 1876 . Ann. &amp; Mag. Nat. Hist. (4)18(107): 354; Brazil; Staudinger collection.</p><p>Telegonus marpesus; Kirby, 1877. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., Suppl., p. 817.</p><p>Eudamus marpessus [sic]; Kirby, 1878, in Caldwell. Zool. Rec. 13 (1876), Lep., p. 160.</p><p>Telemiades amphion marpesus; Bell, 1949. Amer. Mus. Novit. 1385: 4, fig. 3 (male gen.); syn.: amphion; Draudt.— Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 31, pl. 28 (male gen.).—K. Brown &amp; Mielke, 1967. Jour. Lep. Soc. 21: 161.—Biezanko &amp; Mielke, 1973. Acta biol. paranaense 2: 65.— Hayward, 1973. Op. Lill. 23: 37.—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 72; 2, p. 36.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 114; 2, p. 59.—K. Brown, 1992, in Morellato. Hist. nat. Japi, p. 176, fig. 16 (v); host plant.—Maes et al., 1999, in Maes. Cat. Ins. Art. Nicaragua 3, p. 1259.—K. Brown &amp; Freitas, 2000. Bol. Mus. Biol. Mello Leitão, n. s., Sta. Teresa, 11/12: 111.— Canals, 2003. Marip. Misiones, p. 65, 457, fig. (d); host plant.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 56, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.: marpessus, nessus.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 742; syn.: marpessus, nessus . —Núñez B., 2008. Trop. Lep. Res. 18 (2): 80.— Beccaloni et al., 2008. Monografías Tercer Milenio 8: 102; host plant.—Núñez B., 2009. Trop. Lep. Res. 19 (2): 77.—Núñez B. et al., 2011. Trop. Lep. Res. 21 (1): 41.—Dolibaina; Mielke &amp; Casagrande, 2011. Biota Neotrop. 11 (1): 345.—Zacca &amp; Bravo, 2012. Biota Neotrop. 12 (2): 8.—Giovenardi et al., 2013. Rev. colomb. Ent. 39 (2), Supl., p. 12.—Kerpel et al., 2014, in Bravo &amp; Calor (eds). Arthrop. Semiárido. Biodiv. Conserv., p. 271.—Núñez B., 2015. Patrim. Nat. Cult. Área Infl. Emb. Yacyretá, Argentina, p. 109.</p><p>(no genus) marpessus [sic]; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 195.</p><p>Telemiades amphion nessus [sic]; K. Brown, 1987. An. Prim. Simp. Pantanal, Brasília, p. 167.</p><p>Type material. Eudamus marpesus Hewitson, 1876 was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from Brazil which are part from Otto Staudinger collection. After examined the ZMHU collection, where the Staudinger material is housed, a male syntype corresponding the original description and mistakenly illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) as the type specimen of Plesioneura compressa Möschler, 1877 was found with the following labels: / typus/ Brasilien / marpesus / P. compressa Moschler [sic]/ Coll. Staudinger/. To provide stability to the name proposed, this specimen is hereby designated as the lectotype of Eudamus marpesus Hewitson, 1876 and the following labels will be added: / Lectotypus / Lectotypus Eudamus marpesus Hewitson, 1876 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. These labels will be sent to the curator for the collection.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 16–19 mm (n=24) and females 18–21 mm (n=24). Telemiades marpesus is distinguished from the remaining species of the “ amphion group” by the following characters: greyish wing pattern; FW with developed hyaline spots and submarginal dark spots from R 3 to 2A; HW triangular; valva with a developed and rounded distal process covered by spines–like projections; fultura inferior distally bifid with distal margin pointed and base rounded; lamella antevaginalis with distal margin concave at median region but not as in T. fides; lamella postvaginalis with lateral margin slightly thin.</p><p>Natural history. T. marpesus flies throughout the year.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades marpesus is commonly found in forested habitats of Atlantic Forest, in the Brazilian states of Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul, in Misiones, Argentina, and in Paraguay.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Hewitson (1876) described this species in Eudamus; Kirby (1877) transferred the species to Telegonus Hübner, [1819] and later back to Eudamus (= marpessus [sic]) (Kirby 1878). Bell (1949) proposed a new combination, Telemiades amphion marpesus, which has remained in use up to now. Here, we consider T. marpesus a separate species, owing to unique features of the wings and morphology of the male and female genitalia.</p><p>Examined material. No data: 1 male, 118 (ZSM); 1 female (ZMHU); 1 female, 59.787 (MNRJ) .</p><p>BRAZIL: Bahia— no specific locality, 1 male, 5036 (ZMHU); 3 males e 2 females, ex–coll. Fruhstorfer, NHMUK 010242393, NHMUK 010242395, NHMUK 010242397, NHMUK 010242394, NHMUK 010242396 (NHMUK); Lençois, 8 Km N 650 m, 15–III–1999, 2 males, Mielke leg., OM 50.355, OM 50.404 (DZUP–OM); São João do Paraíso, 30 km N de Camacã, 22–VII–1977, 1 male, Mielke, Moure &amp; Elias leg., DZ 26.076 (DZUP) . Minas Gerais— no specific locality, 2 males and 1 female, ex–coll. Thieme (ZMHU) ; Conceição dos Ouros, III– 2017, 1 male, Pereira leg., OM 83.464 (DZUP–OM); Passa Quatro, 4–X–1923, 1 male, ex–coll. J. F. Zikán (IOC); 14–XII–1929, 1 female, ex–coll. J. F. Zikán (IOC); Teófilo Otoni, San Jacinho Valley, 1907–08, 1 male, Birch leg., NHMUK 010242164 (NHMUK) . Espírito Santo— no specific locality, 1 male, ex–coll. Fruhstorfer, NHMUK 010242402 (NHMUK) ; Alegre, 27–III–1914, 1 male, 26–IX–1915, 1 male, ex–coll. J. F. Zikán (IOC); Baixo Guandú, X–1920, 1 male, ex–coll. J. Arp, 58.353 (MNRJ); I–1921, 1 male, ex–coll. J. Arp, 58.351 (MNRJ); Colatina, 21–IX–1937, 1 male, E. May leg., ex–coll. E. May, 52.970 (MNRJ); Linhares, 28–III–1970, 1 male, 1–8–IX–1973, 1 male, 10–15–VI–1974, 1 female, 25–30–VI–1973, 3 males, 1–10–VIII–1974, 1 male, Elias leg., DZ 26.086, DZ 26.062, DZ 26.061, DZ 26.058, DZ 26.060, DZ 26.063, DZ 26.059 (DZUP); Santa Teresa, 10–VII–1967, 1 male, C. &amp; C. T. Elias leg., DZ 26.070 (DZUP); 750 m, 26–II–1977, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.089 (DZUP) . Rio de Janeiro— no specific locality, 1890, 1 male (NBC) ; Casimiro de Abreu, Barra de São João, 10 m, 1–III–1974, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.088 (DZUP) ; 4–IX–1975, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 30.889 (DZUP); 3–XI–1989, 1 male, Tangerini leg., ex–coll. Tangerini, DZ 33.089 (DZUP); Duque de Caxias, Imbariê, ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.090 (DZUP) ; 90 m, 1–V–1955, 1 female, ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.053* (DZUP); 25m, 28–I–1959, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.068 (DZUP); Guapimirim, 50 m, 24–VII–1965, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 30.806 (DZUP); 16–X–1940, 1 female, DZ 7.233 (DZUP); Itatiaia, 7–VIII–1924, 1 female, ex–coll. J. F. Zikán (IOC); Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, 800 m, 18–VIII–1995, 1 female, Projeto Diversidade UERJ, DZ 26.055 (DZUP) ; Magé, 25 m, 3–VII–1968, 1 male, Brown leg., DZ 26.084 (DZUP); 7–VIII–1968, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.067 (DZUP); Rio de Janeiro, 10–IX–1930, 1 female, ex–coll. Gagarin, DZ 9.141 (DZUP); Saquarema, Lagoa de Saquarema, VIII–IX–1884, 1 male e 1 female, P. Germain leg., NHMUK 010242400, NHMUK 010242401 (NHMUK) . São Paulo— no specific locality, 1 male, NHMUK 010242406 (NHMUK) ; Caraguatatuba, 10 m, 6–IX–1963, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.054 (DZUP); 20 m, 30–VII–1963, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 30.893 (DZUP); Cordeirópolis, 600 m, 4–III–1963, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 30.891 (DZUP); Itanhaém, I–1928, 1 male, R. Spitz leg., NHMUK 010242408 (NHMUK); IV–1928, 1 female, R. Spitz leg., NHMUK 010242407 (NHMUK); Jundiaí, Serra do Japi, 9–III–1990, 1 female, Brown leg., OM 24.908 (DZUP) ; Mongaguá, 5 m, 14–24–VII–1961, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 30.890 (DZUP); 11–24–VII–1962, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 30.807 (DZUP); Rio Claro, 600 m, 2–III–1963, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 30.808 (DZUP); Santo André, Alto da Serra, III–1923, 1 female, R. Spitz leg., NHMUK 010242165 (NHMUK) ; São Paulo, 600 m, 24–III–1963, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 30.892* (DZUP); Ubatuba, 10 m, 8–XII–1965, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 30.888 (DZUP) . Paraná— Antonina, Cacatu, 20 m, 20–IV–1987, 1 female, Mielke leg., DZ 14.073 (DZUP) ; 25–IV–1987, 3 males e 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 52.168, OM 52.280, OM 52.350 (DZUP–OM), DZ 14.208 (DZUP); Boa Esperança, 19–IV–1973, 1 male, Nishi leg., DZ 26.074 (DZUP); Foz do Iguaçu, 22–II–1921, 1 female, NHMUK 010242405 (NHMUK); 8–I–1922, 1 female, NHMUK 010242404 (NHMUK); XI–XII–1922, 1 male, NHMUK 010242403 (NHMUK); 29–VI–2013, 1 male, Greve leg., DZ 46.910 (DZUP); 21–VII–2013, 1 male, Greve leg., DZ 46.911 (DZUP); 31–XII–2013, 1 male, Greve leg., DZ 46.912 (DZUP); Guarapuava, Salto São Francisco, 21–I–2009, 1 male, Dolibaina leg., DZ 26.094 (DZUP) ; Londrina, 10–IX–1985, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 26.075 (DZUP); Matelândia, Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, 520 m, 10–IX–1998, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 26.091 (DZUP) . Santa Catarina— no specific locality, 1 male and 1 female, Mabille leg., NHMUK 010242398, NHMUK 010242399 (NHMUK) ; 1 female, (MUNICH); Blumenau, 4–IX–1971, 1 male, Miers leg., DZ 26.071 (DZUP); Brusque, 20–I–1968, 1 male, Becker leg., DZ 26.082 (DZUP); Joinville, 1 female, ex–coll. J. Arp, 34911 (MNRJ); III–1934, 1 female, B. Pohl leg. (MZUSP); IX–1934, 1 male and 1 female, B. Pohl leg. (MZUSP); 10–200 m, 4–II–1968, 1 male, Miers leg., DZ 26.073 (DZUP); 1–IX–1968, 1 female, Miers leg., DZ 26.077 (DZUP); 20–IV–1969, 2 males, Mielke &amp; Miers leg., DZ 26.050, DZ 26.056 (DZUP); 24–VIII–1969, 1 male, Miers &amp; Mielke leg., DZ 26.079 (DZUP); 14–IX–1969, 1 male, Miers leg., DZ 26.078 (DZUP); 19–IX–1970, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 26.072 (DZUP); 30–XII–1976, 1 female, Mielke leg., DZ 26.069 (DZUP); 9–III–1977, 1 female, Miers leg., DZ 26.083 (DZUP); 26–XII–1977, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Miers leg., DZ 26.081 (DZUP); 6–VIII–1978, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Miers leg., DZ 26.080 (DZUP); 22–XI–1980, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Miers leg., DZ 26.064 (DZUP); 15–X–1988, 1 female, Miers &amp; Mielke leg., DZ 18.816 (DZUP); São Bento do Sul, Rio Natal, 500 m, 14–IV–1992, 1 male, Rank leg., OM 32.574 (DZUP–OM) ; II–1993, 1 male, Rank leg., OM 35.298 (DZUP–OM); 500 m, 28–IV–1998, 1 female, Rank leg., OM 49.589 (DZUP–OM); 850 m, 1–V–1973, 1 male, Rank leg., DZ 26.066 (DZUP); 500 m, 30–IV–2009, 1 female, Rank leg., DZ 26.093 (DZUP); São Francisco do Sul, Enseada, 27–30–I–1988, 1 male, O.–C. Mielke leg., DZ 17.415 (DZUP) ; Seara, Nova Teutônia, I–1981, 1 male, Plaumann leg., DZ 26.065 (DZUP) ; 300–500 m, I–1962, 1 male, Plaumann leg., DZ 26.087 (DZUP); Timbó, III–1933, 1 female, B. Pohl leg. (MZUSP) . Rio Grande do Sul— Santa Rosa, 20–XII–1953, 4 males e 1 female, Biezanko leg., DZ 26.051, DZ 26.052, DZ 26.057* (DZUP), NHMUK 010242409, NHMUK 010242410 (NHMUK) .</p><p>PARAGUAY: Guairá— General Dias, 400 m, 15–20–I–1980, 1 female, O.–C. Mielke &amp; Miers leg., DZ 26.085* (DZUP) . Paraguarí— Sapucai, 5–VIII–1904, 1 male, W. Foster leg., NHMUK 010242413 (NHMUK); 11–IX–1904, 1 female, W. Foster leg., NHMUK 010242412 (NHMUK); 23–XI–1904, 1 male, W. Foster leg., NHMUK 010242411 (NHMUK) .</p><p>ARGENTINA: Misiones— Almirante Brown, General Belgrano, Reserva Yacutinga, 2–5–III–2007, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 26.092 (DZUP) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFB3FFD7D790FC903190FC62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFADFFD4D790FC4831A2FDA6.text	0383CD7AFFADFFD4D790FC4831A2FDA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades misitheus Mabille 1888	<div><p>Telemiades misitheus Mabille, 1888, stat. rest.</p><p>(Figs 18, 19, 146, 206)</p><p>Telemiades misitheus Mabille, 1888 . Le Nat. (2)2 (38): 221, fig. 3 [recte 4] (d, v); Chanchamayo, [Peru]; Staudinger collection.— Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912. Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (9)16: 113, 121.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 868.— Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 78.—Lamas, 1969. Biota 7: 354.</p><p>Telemiades amphion misitheus; Bell, 1949. Amer. Mus. Novit. 1385: 3, fig. 2 (male gen.).— Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 30, pl. 28 (male gen.).—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 77; 2, p. 36.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 121; 2, p. 59.—Maes et al., 1999, in Maes. Cat. Ins. Art. Nicaragua 3, p. 1259.— Murray, 2000. Jour. Res. Lep. 35: 52.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 56, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 742.</p><p>(no genus) misitheus; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 203.</p><p>Celaenorrhinus sp. [misidentification]; Garwood et al., 2007. Butt. South. Amaz., p. 211, fig. (v).</p><p>Type material. Telemiades misitheus Mabille, 1888 was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from Chanchamayo, Peru, provided by Otto Staudinger collection. One male syntype was found at ZMHU, where the Staudinger material is housed, and it is illustrated at Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Origin/ Chanchamayo Thamm/ Telemiades ♂ misitheus M/ Telemiades misitheus Mab. / Coll. Staudinger/ Misitheus Mab. /. In order to stabilize the identity of this species, this male specimen is hereby designated lectotype of Telemiades misitheus Mabille, 1888 and the following labels will also be attached: / Lectotypus / Lectotypus Telemiades misitheus Mabille, 1888 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. These labels will be sent to the curator for the collection.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 20 mm (n=2). Telemiades misitheus is distinguished from the remaining species of the “ amphion group” by the following characters: FW with developed and rounded hyaline spots; valva with distal process pointed; fultura inferior distally bifid with distal margin and base rounded; aedeagus with dorsal opening almost half of its total length.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades misitheus occurs in the eastern Andes, from Chanchamayo (Peru) to Chulumani (Bolivia) in altitudes ranging from 1000m to 1400m.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Mabille (1888) described and illustrated Telemiades misitheus, but the illustration was also used in the description of T. megallus, in the same contribution. Later, Bell (1949) considered T. misitheus</p><p>as a subspecies of T. amphion, an arrangement that has been followed up to now. The wing patterns and the male genitalia can be used to reliably distinguish T. misitheus from other species of the “ amphion group”. In addition, T. misitheus may occur in sympatry with T. amphion in Bolivia and Peru, which supports the restoration of its status as a separate species.</p><p>Examined material. No data, 1 male (ZMHU).</p><p>ECUADOR: Morona–Santiago— Macas, 4–VIII–2011, 1 male, 19–VIII–2011, 1 male, 13–XII–2011, 1 male, 8–I–2012, 1 male, Sangay–Projekt, J.–C. Petit leg. (CEB) .</p><p>PERU: Cuzco— Callanga, 1500m, 1898, O. Garlepp leg. (ZMHU) .</p><p>BOLÍVIA: Cochabamba— Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 1905–06, 1 male, J. Steinbach leg., NHMUK 010242515 (NHMUK) . La Paz — Chulumani, 1400 m, 22–24–X–1983, 2 males, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 26.041, DZ 26.042* (DZUP); Yungas, 1000 m, 1908, 2 males, ex–coll. H. Rolle, NHMUK 010242516 *, NHMUK 010242517 (NHMUK); Yungas del Espiritu Santo, 1888–89, 3 males, P. Germain leg., NHMUK 010242512, NHMUK 010242513, NHMUK 010242514 (NHMUK) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFADFFD4D790FC4831A2FDA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFAEFFD2D790FD043707FE86.text	0383CD7AFFAEFFD2D790FD043707FE86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades pekahia (Hewitson 1868)	<div><p>Telemiades pekahia (Hewitson, 1868), stat. rest.</p><p>(Figs 20–23, 147, 184, 206)</p><p>Pterygospidea pekahia Hewitson, 1868 . Descr. Hesp. 2, p. 52; Venezuela; Hewitson collection.— Kirby, 1879. Cat. Coll. Diurn. Lep. Hewitson, p. 235.</p><p>Antigonus pekahia; Kirby, 1871. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., p. 633.</p><p>Ephyriades pekahia; Watson, 1893. Proc. zool. Soc. London, p. 33.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 878.— Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 120; syn.: pakahia.—Shepard, 1936. Lep. Cat. 74, p. 622.</p><p>Ephyriades pakahia [sic]; Mabille, 1903, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 34.</p><p>Telemiades amphion form pekahia; Bell, 1946. Bol. Ent. venezol. 5: 90.</p><p>Telemiades amphion pekahia; Bell, 1949. Amer. Mus. Novit. 1385: 5.— Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 30, pl. 28 (male gen.).—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 91; 2, p. 36.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 144; 2, p. 59.—Maes et al., 1999, in Maes. Cat. Ins. Art. Nicaragua 3, p. 1259.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 56, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.: pakahia .— Mielke, 2005. Cat.Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 742; syn.: pakahia .</p><p>(no genus) pekahia; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 227.</p><p>Type material. Pterygospidea pekahia Hewitson, 1868 was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from Venezuela. One female syntype was found at NHMUK and it is illustrated at Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Type [verso from the same label:] pekahia Hew. / Type [verso from the same label] H 314/ Venezuela Hewitson Coll. 79–89 Pterygospidea pekahia Hew. / BMNH(E) 1236491/. In order to stabilize the identity of this species, this male specimen is hereby designated lectotype of Pterygospidea pekahia Hewitson, 1868 and the following labels will also be attached: Lectotypus / Lectotypus Pterygospidea pekahia Hewitson, 1868 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. These labels will be sent to the curator for the collection.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 13–15 mm (n=4) and females 17–18 mm (n=4). Telemiades pekahia is distinguished from the remaining species of the “ amphion group” by the FW with reduced hyaline spots (some specimens could be misidentified as T. vansa Evan, 1953); valva with distal process curved inwards; fultura inferior distally bifid with distal margin and base rounded; lamella antevaginalis slightly concave; lamella postvaginalis with lateral margin slightly rounded.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades pekahia is found in the north of Venezuela (Puerto Cabello and San Estebán) and in north Colombia (Lago Sapatoza region).</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. After describing this species, Kirby (1871) transferred it to Antigonus Hübner, [1819] and, later, Watson (1893) transferred it to Ephyriades Hübner, [1819] . Bell (1946) considered pekahia as a variation of Telemiades amphion and, later (Bell 1949), as subspecies of it. The subspecies treatment has been accepted up to now. After examining a series of specimens deposited in the NHMUK, and the type specimen of T. pehakia, the species status is restored based on reliable differences in the wing pattern and morphology of the genitalia.</p><p>Examined material. COLOMBIA: Cesar— Chiriguana, Lake Sapatoza Region, 1 male, C.Alleu leg., NHMUK 010242388 * (NHMUK) .</p><p>VENEZUELA: Anzoátegui— San Esteban Valley, 1 female, I–III–1877, H. de Sagan leg., NHMUK 010242161 * (NHMUK); 1 male, VI–VII–1877, H. de Sagan leg., NHMUK 010242160 * (NHMUK); 1 male, VII–1909, S.M. Klages leg., NHMUK 010242392 (NHMUK); 1 female, VIII–1909, S. M. Klages leg., NHMUK 010242391 (NHMUK); Las Quiquas, III–1910, 1 male, ex–coll. H. Druce, NHMUK 010242390 * (NHMUK) . Carabobo— Valencia, Puerto Cabello, 1 male, G. Semper leg., NHMUK 010242389 * (NHMUK) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFAEFFD2D790FD043707FE86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFA8FFD2D790FE24328FFC46.text	0383CD7AFFA8FFD2D790FE24328FFC46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Papilio avitus Cramer 1781	<div><p>“ avitus group”</p><p>Species included:</p><p>Telemiades avitus (Stoll, 1781)</p><p>lurideolus Mabille, 1877 (Telemiades)</p><p>Telemiades xantho Hayward, 1939, stat. rev.</p><p>Telemiades austini Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>The “ avitus group” is composed of three species characterized by the following characters: sexual dimorphism, males with ground color yellowish and females brown; FW with four contiguous hyaline spots: two cellular, and two discal; FW with three apical hyaline spots rectangular in R 3 –R 4, R 4 –R 5 and R 5 –M 1, smaller in R 4 –R 5; valva with long distal sickle–like process, curved inwards and margin serrated; lamella antevaginalis laterally expanded and covered by microscales, and conncected to tergum VIII by a thin membrane; lamella postavaginalis with a smooth groove at median region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFA8FFD2D790FE24328FFC46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFA8FFD0D790FB4632F3FE16.text	0383CD7AFFA8FFD0D790FB4632F3FE16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades avitus (Stoll 1781)	<div><p>Telemiades avitus (Stoll, 1781)</p><p>(Figs 24, 25, 148, 207)</p><p>Papilio avitus Stoll, 1781, in Cramer. Uitland. Kap. 4, p. 123, pl. 354, figs D, E (male, female d); Suriname; van der Meulen collection.—Stoll, 1782, in Cramer. Uitland. Kap. 4, Essai, p. 15.—Jung, 1791. Alphab. Verz. 1, p. 66.</p><p>Telemiades avitus; Hübner, [1819]. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 106.—Herrich–Schäffer, 1869. Corr.–Blatt zool.–min. Ver. Regensburg 23: 188, 189.—Herrich–Schäffer, 1870. Corr.–Blatt zool.–min. Ver. Regensburg 24: 156.— Butler, 1870. Ent. monthly Mag. 7: 57.— Kirby, 1871. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., p. 575.— Mabille, 1878. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 21: 27.—Plötz, 1879. Stett. ent. Ztg. 40: 179.— Plötz, 1882. Berl. ent. Ztschr. 26: 73.— Watson, 1893. Proc. zool. Soc. London, p. 27.— Godman &amp; Salvin, 1893. Biol. Centr.–Amer., Lep.–Rhop. 2, p. 317; 3, pl. 78, fig. 16 (male gen.).— Mabille, 1903, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 28.— Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912. Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (9)16: 115, 121.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 869, pl. 168f (d).—Lindsey, 1925. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 18: 103.— Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 76.—Williams &amp; Bell, 1931. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 57: 255.—Shepard, 1936. Lep. Cat. 74, p. 616.— Evans, 1953. Cat.Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 29, pl. 27 (male gen.); syn.: lurideolus, lamus, xantho .—Lewis, 1973. Butt. World, p. 87, fig. 25 (d), p. 249.—Lewis, 1975. Marip. Mundo, p. 87, fig. 25 (d), p. 249.—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 13, 63, 68, 127; 2, p. 36; syn.: lamus, lurideolus, xantho .—de Jong, 1983. Tijd. Ent. 126: 241.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 21, 99, 108, 201; 2, p. 59; syn.: lamus, lurideolus, xantho .—Lamas, 1994, in Foster et al. RAP Working Papers 6: 174.— Vargas, 2003. Bol. cient. mus. hist. nat., Manizales, 7: 203.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 56, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.: lurideolus, lamus, xantho .— Vargas &amp; Henao, 2004. Bol. cient. mus. hist. nat., Manizales, 8: 349.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 743; syn.: lurideolus, lamus, xantho .</p><p>Hesperia avitus; Latreille, [1824], in Latreille &amp; Godart. Enc. Méth. 9, p. 750.— Verloren, 1837. Cat. Syst. Cramer, p. 131, 220.</p><p>Goniloba avitus; Westwood, 1852, in Doubleday. Gen. Diurn. Lep. 2, p. 513.—Lucas, 1857, in Sagra. Hist. phys. pol. nat. l’Ile Cuba 7, p. 637.</p><p>Eudamus avitus; C. Felder &amp; R. Felder, 1862. Wien. ent. Monatschr. 6: 181; syn.: amphion .— Kirby, 1879. Cat. Coll. Diurn. Lep. Hewitson, p. 214.</p><p>Telemiades lurideolus Mabille, 1877 . Pet. Nouv. Ent. 2, p. 165; Brazil; Mabille collection.— Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912. Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (9)16: 113, 121.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 868.— Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 78.</p><p>(no genus) avitus; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 90.</p><p>(no genus) lurideolus; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 188.</p><p>Type material. Papilio avitus Stoll, 1781 was described and illustrated based on an unspecified number of specimens from Suriname deposited in the van der Meulen collection. In the same study, Stoll (1781) interpretated the specimen from figure E as the female of P. avitus . Later, Hübner [1819] described Telemiades and designated P. avitus as the type species of the genus. Besides, Hübner [1819] interpretated the female of T. avitus figured by Stoll (1781) as a distinct species, describing it as T. epicalus . The syntypes of Telemiades epicalus are deposited at NBC. In contrast, no specimens that could correspond to P. avitus, as identified by Evans (1953), were found in this museum. Thus, a male neotype of Papilio avitus Stoll, 1781 is hereby designated in order to stabilize the identity of this species. The neotype has the same morphological characters than the male figured by Stoll (1781, pl. 354, fig. D), was collected near the same type locality (Suriname) and is deposited at DZUP with the following labels: / Neotypus / II.1968 Obidos, Pará [Brasil] Kesselring leg/ DZ 26.211/ Neotypus Papilio avitus Stoll, 1781 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/.</p><p>Telemiades lurideolus Mabille, 1877, was described based on an unspecified specimens from ‘Brasilia’. One male syntype was found at NHMUK with the same characteristics published in the original description, and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Type/ Colombia / T. lurideolus Type Mab/ Ex Oberthür Coll. Brit. Mus. 1927–3./ BMNH(E) 1236493/. In order to stabilize the identity of this species, this male specimen is hereby designated lectotype of Telemiades lurideolus Mabille, 1877 and the following labels will be attached: / Lectotypus / Lectotypus Telemiades lurideolus Mabille, 1877 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. These labels will be sent to the curator for the collection.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 16–17 mm (n=3). Telemiades avitus is distinguished from the remaining species of “ avitus group” by the following characters: tegumen with apophysis slightly curved inwards and saccus with anterior margin dorsally curved.</p><p>Variation. The distal margin of hyaline spots of discal area in FW could be truncated or triangular in some specimens.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades avitus occurs in forested areas in the Amazonia, with records in Peru, Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Pará, and Rondônia states), Suriname, Venezuela and French Guiana.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Hübner ([1819]) described the genus Telemiades and designated Papilio avitus Stoll, 1781 as the type species. In the same publication, Hübner considered the specimen that Stoll (1781) had previously illustrated as the female of P. avitus as a distinct species, which he described as Telemiades epicalus . After the description of T. avitus, the species was transferred to Hesperia Fabricius, 1793 (Latreille [1824]), Goniloba Westwood, [1852] (Westwood 1852) and then to Eudamus Swainson, 1831 (C. Felder &amp; R. Felder 1862). Kirby (1871) transferred it back to Telemiades and later to Eudamus (Kirby 1879) . Plötz (1882) returned the species to Telemiades . Telemiades lurideolus Mabille, 1877 was described from an unknown number of specimens from ‘Brasilia’. Subsequently, Mabille &amp; Boullet (1912) indicated ‘ Amazone sup.’ as its distribution range. Evans (1953) considered this species as synonymous with T. avitus . After examining type material of T. lurideolus deposited in the NHMUK the synonym with T. avitus has been corroborated.</p><p>Examined material. No data, 2 males, NHMUK 010242359, NHMUK 010242365 (NHMUK); 1 female (ZMHU); 1 male (ZMHU); 1 male, 5032 (ZMHU); 1 male, ex–coll. Weymer (ZMHU) .</p><p>PERU: Loreto— Pebas, 1 male (ZMHU) . Rio Sucussari, Explornapo–Aceer, 140 m, 8–IX–1995, 1 female, R. Robbins leg. (MHNL) . Madre de Díos— Reserva Tambopata, Boca do Rio La Torre, 300 m, 1–VI–1992, 1 male, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL) ;</p><p>VENEZUELA: Carabobo— Puerto Cabello, 1 male, Hahnel leg. (ZMHU) .</p><p>SURINAME: no specific locality, 1 male (ZMHU) .</p><p>FRENCH GUIANA: Caiena, 1 female, Sahike leg. (ZMHU) .</p><p>BRAZIL: Acre— Bujari, 200 m, 10–12–IX–2004, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 26.205* (DZUP). Amazonas— sem localidade específica, 1 male, NHMUK 010242171 (NHMUK); 1 male, Saunders leg., NHMUK 010242362 (NHMUK); Maués, Rio Preto, 15–30–XI–2007, 1 male, OM 69.460* (DZUP–OM); Rio Tapajos, 1 male, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242366 (NHMUK); Tefé, 1 male, ex coll. Staudinger, NHMUK 010242367 (NHMUK). Pará— no specific locality, 1 male, ex–coll. Weymer (ZMHU); 1 male, Saunders leg., NHMUK 010242361 (NHMUK); Óbidos, VI–1923, 1 male, B. Pohl leg. (MZUSP); Santarém, 1 male and 1 female, H. H. Smith leg., NHMUK 010242364, NHMUK 010242358 (NHMUK); 1 male, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242360 (NHMUK); Alter do Chão, 2 males, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242357, NHMUK 010242369 (NHMUK); Itaituba, 1 male, ex–coll. Staudinger (ZSM); 1 male, Michael leg. (ZMHU); Itaituba a Obidos, I–IV–06, 1 male, W. Hoffmans leg., NHMUK 010242368 (NHMUK). Rondônia— Cacaulândia, 8–19–XI–1994, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 39.036* (DZUP–OM).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFA8FFD0D790FB4632F3FE16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFAAFFD1D790FD9437DBFDFA.text	0383CD7AFFAAFFD1D790FD9437DBFDFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades xantho Hayward 1939	<div><p>Telemiades xantho Hayward, 1939, stat. rev.</p><p>(Figs 26–29, 149, 185, 207)</p><p>Telemiades xantho Hayward, 1939 . An. Soc. cient. arg. 126: 430, fig. 1 (male gen.); male holotype, Misiones, Argentina; Hayward collection.—Hayward, 1941. Rev. Mus. La Plata, n. s., Zool. 2: 250.— Hayward, 1948. Gen. Sp. Anim. Arg. 1, p. 134, 137, pls 5, fig. 12 (male gen.), 20, fig. 9 (d).—Hayward, 1964. Acta zool. Lill. 19: 330.</p><p>Telemiades avitus [misidentification]; Hayward, 1973. Op. Lill. 23: 37; syn.: lurideolus, lamus, xantho .— Canals, 2003. Marip. Misiones, p. 457.—Francini et al., 2011. Revta bras. Ent. 55 (1): 67.</p><p>(no genus) xantho; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 288.</p><p>Type material. Telemiades xantho Hayward, 1939 was described based on the male holotype from Misiones, Argentina. The male holotype is deposited at the IML with the following labels: / Misiones Hayward./ HOLOTIPO/ TIPUS/ Telemiades xantho Hayw. Holotipo ♂./ No. 95 K. J. Hayward det./ Prep 375./.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 16–18 mm (n=26) and females 18–21 mm. Telemiades xantho is distinguished from the remaining species of “ amphion group” by the following characters: tegumen with apophysis slightly dorsally curved; harpe with a developed spine–like projection; lamela antevaginalis with lateral expansion broader than in Telemiades austini sp. nov. . Additionally, T. xantho has its distribution in Atlantic Forest areas. Besides the sympatric distribution, the females from T. xantho are similar with females from T. atlantiope sp. nov. but it could be distinguished by the broader apical hyaline spots in FW and by the dark spot in CuA 2 –2A in VFW.</p><p>Variation. Somes specimens varies on the ground color.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades xantho occurs in Atlantic forest and southern Amazonia forest areas, with records in the brazilian states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná and Santa Catarina, and in Misiones, Argentina.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Hayward (1939) described Telemiades xantho and Evans (1953) considered it as a synonym of T. avitus . Despite the phenotypic similarity between the two species, the analysis of the holotype of T. xantho and the illustration of the male genitalia (Hayward 1939: 430, fig. 1), together with other morphological characters (see diagnosis), are sufficient to revalidate T. xantho .</p><p>Examined material. No data: 1 male, 59/871 (MNRJ); 1 male, ex–coll. J. Arp, 58/355 (MNRJ).</p><p>BRAZIL: Mato Grosso— Brasnorte, Fazenda Paraná, 400 m, 5–20–VII–1990, 3 males, C. Mielke &amp; Miers leg., OM 26.390 *, OM 26.396, OM 26.402 (DZUP–OM). Bahia— Ilhéus, 22–IX–1928, 1 female, 34.909 (MNRJ). Minas Gerais— no specific locality, 1 male, Harrod leg., ex–coll. Thieme (ZMHU); Conceição dos Ouros, IV– 2017, 1 male and 2 females, Pereira leg., OM 83.500, OM 83.470, OM 83.560 (DZUP–OM). Espírito Santo— Baixo Guandú, X–1920, 1 male, ex–coll. J. Arp, 58/356 (MNRJ). Rio de Janeiro— no specific locality, 1 male, ex coll. Druce, ex coll. Kaden, NHMUK 010242363 (NHMUK); Magé, 25 m, 3–VIII–1968, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.212 (DZUP); Rio de Janeiro, Gávea, III–1959, 2 males, DZ 9721, DZ 10.372 (DZUP). Paraná— Alexandra, 27–IV–1968, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 26.208* (DZUP); 17–IV–1969, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 26.218 (DZUP); Antonina, Cacatu, 10–20 m, 25–IV–1973, 2 males, Mielke leg., DZ 26.214, DZ 26.217* (DZUP); 9–IV– 1982, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 26.204 (DZUP); 20–III–1987, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 14.074 * (DZUP–OM); 25–IV–1987, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 14.209 (DZUP–OM); 18–IV–1998, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 48.711 (DZUP–OM); 21–IV–1998, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 49.313 * (DZUP–OM); 6–IV–2001, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 53.312 (DZUP–OM); Cedro, 18–IV–2013, 1 male and 1 female, Mielke, Siewert &amp; Zacca leg., DZ 36.155, DZ 36.154 (DZUP); Rio Pequeno, 26–IV–2009, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 60.887 (DZUP–OM); Guaraqueçaba, Tagaçaba, 17–IV–1971, 2 males, Moure &amp; Mielke leg., DZ 26.207, DZ 26.209 (DZUP); Guaratuba, Limeira, 15–IV–2000, 1 male e 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 51.782, OM 51.789 (DZUP–OM); Morretes, 10 m, 5–IV–2001, 2 males, Mielke leg., OM 52.934, OM 52.927 (DZUP–OM); Engenheiro Lange, 30 m, 2–IV–2003, 1 male and 1 female, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., OM 60.323, OM 60.278 (DZUP–OM); Morro Alto, 300–400 m, 14–IV–2000, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 51.742 (DZUP–OM); 31–III–2001, 2 males e 3 females, Mielke leg., OM 52.926 *, OM 52.961, OM 53.373, OM 53.367, OM 52.954 (DZUP–OM). Santa Catarina— no specific locality, 1 male (ZMHU). Joinville, 1 male and 1 female, Schmidt leg., 18/845, 18/839 (MNRJ); I–1939, 2 males, B. Pohl leg. (MZUSP); IX– 1940, 1 male, B. Pohl leg. (MZUSP); 10–200 m, 6–VI–1971, 1 male, Miers leg., DZ 26.213 (DZUP); 10–III–1974, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Miers leg., DZ 26. 217 (DZUP); 2–X–1982, 1 male, Miers leg., DZ 26.210 (DZUP); 16–IV–1988, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 17.294 (DZUP); São Bento do Sul, Rio Natal, 500m, 16–IV–1987, 1 male, Rank leg., OM 15.331 (DZUP–OM); 14–IV–1992, 1 male, Rank leg., OM 32.568 (DZUP–OM); 5–V–2014, 1 female, Rank leg., DZ 36.156 (DZUP); Rio Vermelho, 850 m, 1–VII–1993, 1 female, Rank leg., DZ 26.206 (DZUP) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFAAFFD1D790FD9437DBFDFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFABFFDFD790FD373047FDFA.text	0383CD7AFFABFFDFD790FD373047FDFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades austini Siewert, Mielke & Casagrande 2020	<div><p>Telemiades austini Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 30–33, 150, 186, 207)</p><p>Telemiades avitus [misidentification]; C. Hoffmann, 1941. An. Inst. Biol., Mexico, 12: 247.—C. Hoffmann, 1976. Publ. Esp. Soc. Mex. Lep. 1: 121.— Steinhauser, 1975. Bull. Allyn Mus. 29: 30.—Okano, 1981. Tokurana 1: 98.—J. de la Maza E. &amp; R. G. de la Maza E., 1985. Rev. Soc. Mex. Lep. 9: 42.—Llorente–Bousquets; Luis–Martínez &amp; Vargas–Fernández, 1990. Publ. esp. Mus. Zool., Mexico, 1: 28.—J. de la Maza E.; White &amp; R. G. de la Maza E., 1991. Rev. Soc. Mex. Lep. 14: 17.—R. G. de la Maza E. &amp; J. de la Maza E., 1993. Marip. Chiapas, p. 202.—Austin et al., 1996. Trop. Lep. 7: 29.—Raguso &amp; Llorente, 1997, in González; Dirzo &amp; Vogt (eds). Hist. Nat. Tuxtlas. Inst. Biol., UNAM, p. 290.—Austin et al., 1999. Trop. Lep. 9, Suppl. 2: 12.—Warren, 2000, in Llorente; González &amp; Papavero (eds). Biodiv., Tax., Biogeogr. Art. Mex. 2, p. 550; syn.: lamus, lurideolus, xantho .—Luis Martínez et al., 2004, in García–Mendoza; Ordóñez &amp; Brio-nes–Salas. Biodiv. Oaxaca, p. 353.—Barrios; Méndez &amp; Austin, 2006, in Cano (ed.). Biodiversidad de Guatemala 1, p. 439.—Glassberg, 2007. Swift Guide Butt. Mexico and C. America, p. 180, figs (male, female d, v).—Luis Martínez et al., 2011, in Cruz A. (ed.). Biodiv. Veracruz. Apénd. VIII.25, p. 4.—Luis–M., Salinas–G. &amp; Llorente–B., 2011, in Álvarez (coord.). Chiapas: estudios diversidad biol., Inst. Biol., UNAM, Mexico, p. 387.—J. Miller et al., 2012. Insecta Mundi 205: 41.—Garwood &amp; Lehman, 2013. Butt. C. Amer. 3, Hesp., p. 64, figs (d, v).—Luis–Martínez et al., 2016. Southw. Ent. 41 (1): 189.</p><p>Diagnosis. Telemiades austini Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov. is distinguished from the other species of the “ avitus group” by the males with the ground color dark yellow; uncus and tegumen broader and lamella antevaginalis with lateral expansions less developed than T. xantho . Besides the morphological characters, T. austini, sp. nov. is restricted to Central America.</p><p>Description. Head: frons and vertex dark brown and yellow. Labial palpi dark brown with sparse yellow scales. Antennae dark brown, base of each segment cream, apical third ventrally cream; nudum of 19–20 segments.</p><p>Thorax: dorsally and ventrally dark yellow in males and dark brown in females.</p><p>FW: length of males 16–17 mm (n=10) and females 18–19 mm (n=5). DFW (Figs 30, 32): ground color dark yellow in males and dark brown in females; two cellular hyaline spots, the upper smaller and the lower with rounded distal margins in males and slightly truncated in females; two discal hyaline spots in M 3 –CuA 1 and CuA 1 –CuA 2, rectangular in females in M 3 –CuA 1 and rectangular with proximal margin slightly excavated in both sexes in CuA 1 – CuA 2; three apical hyaline spots in R 3 –R 4, R 4 –R 5 and R 5 –M 1, the middle smaller; males with two dark brown spots on discal area in CuA 2 –2A.</p><p>DHW (Figs 30, 32): ground color dark yellow in males and dark brown in females; two dark brown rounded discal spots; six submarginal dark brown spots in Rs–M 1, M 1 –M 2, M 2 –M 3, M 3 –CuA 1, CuA 1 –CuA 2 and CuA 2 –2A, as an irregular band.</p><p>VFW (Figs 31, 33): as DFW; ground color dark brown with sparse yellow scales on males.</p><p>VHW (Figs 31, 33): as DHW; ground color dark brown; discal and submarginal spots darker.</p><p>Abdomen: dorsally dark yellow in males and dark brown in females; ventrally dark brown.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 150): tegumen rounded, distal margin with one pair of lateral apophysis with same size of uncus. Anterior projection of saccus triangular, anterior margin rounded. Uncus about 1/2 than tegumen, distal margin with a pair of lateral, squared and short apophysis. Valva rectangular, three times as long as wide; costa rectangular; distal process of harpe elongated, curved inwards, and with serrated margin; sacculus rectangular, about 1/3 the length of valva. Fultura inferior distally bifid, with distal margin rounded and base truncated on dorsal–median region. Aedeagus cylindrical, laterally sinuous on proximal half view, insertion of manica in proximal third of aedeagus, opening for ejaculatory bulb rounded; distal margin truncated; opening for vesica dorsal, about 2/3 of size of aedeagus; cornuti as numerous spines with same size, disposed in lines.</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 186): tergum VIII rounded; papilla analis covered by scales on apical third; posterior apophysis with same size than papilla analis; lamela antevaginales retangular, laterally expanded and covered by microscales, and connected to tergum VIII by a thin membrane; lamella postavaginalis rectangular, about 2/3 narrower than lamella antevaginales; distal margin bilobed with a smooth groove at median region; ductus bursae membranous, sclerotized proximally of ostium and with two flattened plates proximally of corpus bursae; corpus bursae membranous and globular, with same size of ductus, third proximal region rough; signa absent.</p><p>Natural history. Janzen &amp; Hallwachs (2009) partially illustrated the immatures stages of T. austini, sp. nov. found at Área de Conservación de Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Immatures have been reported on some species of Lonchocarpus (Fabaceae): L. calcaratus, L. felipei, L. guatemalensis, L. heptaphyllus and L. oliganthus .</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades austini, sp. nov. occurs in Central America, with records from Mexico to Panama.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named in honor of George T. Austin (1943–2009) in recognition of his extensive contribution to our knowledge of Neotropical skippers.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. The wing pattern of Telemiades austini, sp. nov. is similar to that observed in the other species of the “ avitus group” and, for this reason, several authors have mistakenly associated the species with T. avitus . Despite the phenotypic similarity between the two species, T. austini, sp. nov. is easily distinguished from congeners in the “ avitus group” by several morphological characters (see diagnosis of this species). Its geographical distribution, restricted to Central America, corroborates its status as a separate species.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male deposited at DZUP–OM with the following labels: / Holotypus / 12–XI–1994 Puerto Viejo, Sarapiqui, C. Rica, Pagels leg./ OM 40.251 / BC–DZ / Holotypus Telemiades austini Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. Allotype female deposited at DZUP with the following labels: / Allotypus / 15–VI–1967 Cocoli Panama C.Z/ DZ 26.097/ GEN. PREP. R. SIEWERT / Allotypus Telemiades austini Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/.</p><p>Paratypes. MEXICO: Veracruz— Atoyac, 7 males and 3 females, H.H.S. May leg., NHMUK 010242346, NHMUK 010242348, NHMUK 010242350, NHMUK 010242351, NHMUK 010242352, NHMUK 010242353, NHMUK 010242354, NHMUK 010242172, NHMUK 010242347, NHMUK 010242349 (NHMUK); Presidio, VI–1950, 1 male, T. Escalante leg. (OUMNH); VII–1954, 1 female, T. Escalante leg. (OUMNH) .</p><p>HONDURAS: no specific locality, 1 female, NHMUK 010242356 (NHMUK) .</p><p>COSTA RICA: Heredia— Tirimbina de Sarapiqui, 7–III–1993, 1 male, Pagels leg., OM 37.633 * (DZUP– OM); San Mateo— IX, 1 male, NHMUK 010242355 (NHMUK) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFABFFDFD790FD373047FDFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFA5FFDDD790FD2031EBFE6A.text	0383CD7AFFA5FFDDD790FD2031EBFE6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades laogonus (Hewitson 1876)	<div><p>Telemiades laogonus (Hewitson, 1876)</p><p>(Figs 34–37, 151, 187, 208)</p><p>Eudamus laogonus Hewitson, 1876 . Ann. &amp; Mag. Nat. Hist. (4)18: 354; Brazil; Staudinger collection.</p><p>Telegonus laogonus; Kirby, 1877. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., Suppl., p. 817.</p><p>Proteides nicola Plötz, 1882 . Berl. ent. Ztschr. 26: 71; n° 5.037 [holotype], Pará [Brazil]; Mus. Berol.— Godman, 1907. Ann. &amp; Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)20: 135. syn. nov.</p><p>Cabares nicola; Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1919. Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (10)2: 208, 209.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 878, pl. 170f (d, v).— Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 119.</p><p>Telemiades simplicius Hayward, 1933 . Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 5: 181, female holotype, Misiones, Argentina; Breyer collection.— Hayward, 1934. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 6: 190.—Hayward, 1934. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 6: 218, pl. 20 (pl. supl.), fig. 4 (d).— Shepard, 1936. Lep. Cat. 74, p. 616.—Hayward, 1941. Rev. Mus. La Plata, n. s., 2: 250.—Hayward, 1964. Acta zool. Lill. 19: 330.</p><p>Telemiades laogonus; Hayward, 1947. Acta zool. Lill. 4: 134; syn.: nicola, lamus, simplicius .— Hayward, 1948. Gen. Sp. Anim. Arg. 1, p. 134, 135, pls 5, fig. 11 (male gen.), 20, fig. 14 (d); syn.: nicola, lamus, simplicius .—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 63, 110; 2, p. 36; syn.: simplicius .—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 100, 173; 2, p. 60; syn.: simplicius .</p><p>Telemiades laogonus laogonus; Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 31, pl. 28 (male gen.); syn.: simplicius .—Biezanko &amp; Mielke, 1973. Acta biol. paranaense 2: 65.— Hayward, 1973. Op. Lill. 23: 37; syn.: simplicius .—K. Brown, 1992, in Morellato. Hist. nat. Japi, p. 176, fig. 16 (d).— Canals, 2003. Marip. Misiones, p. 64, 457, fig. (d).— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 56, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.: simplicius .— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 746; syn.: simplicius .—Mielke; Emery &amp; Pinheiro, 2008. Revta bras. Ent. 52 (2): 286.—Núñez B., 2008. Trop. Lep. Res. 18 (2): 80.—Núñez B., 2009. Trop. Lep. Res. 19 (2): 77.—Giovenardi et al., 2013. Rev. colomb. Ent. 39 (2), Supl., p. 12.</p><p>Telemiades laogonus nicola; Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 31.—K. Brown &amp; Mielke, 1967. Jour. Lep. Soc. 21: 161.— Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 81; 2, p. 36.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 129; 2, p. 60.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 56, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 746.</p><p>(no genus) laogonus; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 180.</p><p>(no genus) nicola; Bridges, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 212.</p><p>(no genus) simplicius; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 260.</p><p>Type material. Eudamus laogonus Hewitson, 1876 was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from Brazil from the Otto Staudinger collection. One male syntype was found at ZMHU, where the Staudinger material is housed, with the same characteristics published in the original description, and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Typus/ Brasilia Capta D. Swainson./ Laogonus / Coll. Sommer/ Coll. Staudinger/ laogonus Hw. /. In order to stabilize the identity of this species, this male specimen is hereby designated lectotype of Eudamus laogonus Hewitson, 1876 and the following labels will be attached: / Lectotypus / Lectotypus Eudamus laogonus Hewitson, 1876 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. These labels will be sent to the curator for the collection.</p><p>Proteides nicola Plötz, 1882 was described based on the male holotype from Pará, Brazil. The male holotype is deposited at the ZMHU and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Holotypus Nr./ 5037/ Pará Sieb/ nicola Pl. Type/.</p><p>Telemiades simplicius Hayward, 1933 was described based on the female holotype and on one male paratype from Misiones, Argentina. The female holotype is deposited at the MLP with the following labels: / Iguazu, Argentina, A. Breyer, X–1928 / Tipus/ Telemiades simplicius Holotipo ♀ Hayward/ 2523/.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 15–17 mm (n=10) and females 17–18 mm (n=5). Telemiades laogonus is the only species of the genus with irregular margin in HW with a small projection in M 3 –CuA 1 and CuA 1 –CuA 2 and the tornus rounded. Additionally, the following genitalia characters differs T. laogonus from other species of the genus: tegumen with short apophysys, about 1/3 the size of uncus; valva with dorsal margin concave; harpe triangular with distal margin serrated; lamella antevaginalis laterally slightly sclerotized; lamella antevaginalis with distal margin bilobed and laterally with a thin–like projection; proximal margin bifid, triangular, ventrally with a small area covered by small scales and extending in a thin–like projection.</p><p>Variation. Some specimens have two hyaline spots below the apicals in M 1 –M 2 and M 2 –M 3.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades laogonus is widely distributed in South America, with records in forested areas of French Guiana, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and Argentina.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Eudamus laogonus Hewitson, 1876 was transferred to the genus Telegonus Hübner, [1819] by Kirby (1877) and later to Telemiades by Hayward (1947b). In this same study, Hayward (1947b) synonymized Proteides nicola Plötz, 1882, Plesioneura lamus Mabille, 1888 and Telemiades simplicius Hayward, 1933 with Telemiades laogonus . After Hayward’s study (1947b), Plesioneura lamus and Telemiades simplicius were treated as synonyms of Telemiades avitus and T. laogonus by Evans (1953), respectively, while Proteides nicola was interpreted as a subspecies of T. laogonus . The analysis of the type material of P. nicola syn. nov. (besides the series of specimens analyzed here) supports the hypothesis of a synonym of T. laogonus . The character that Evans (1953) used to separate the two subspecies of T. laogonus (presence or absence of the costal spot in FW) is variable. Specimens collected in the same locality may vary with respect to this feature.</p><p>Examined material. No data: 1 male (ZSM); 1 female, NHMUK 010242373 (NHMUK).</p><p>PERU: no specific locality, 1 male, ex–coll. Hamilton Druce, NHMUK 010242371 (NHMUK) .</p><p>BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz— Chiquitos, 20–XI–1953, 1 male, OM 12.433 (DZUP–OM) .</p><p>FRENCH GUIANA: no specific locality, 1 male, C. Bar leg., NHMUK 010242370 (NHMUK) .</p><p>BRAZIL: Amazonas— no specific locality, 1 male, Saunders leg., NHMUK 010242378 (NHMUK) . Ceará— Meruoca, Serra da Meruoca, 1–V–2005, 1 male, Pessoa leg., OM 66.908 (DZUP–OM) ; Viçosa do Ceará, Serra da Ibiapaba, 850 m, 13–VI–2006, 1 male, Pessoa leg., OM 67.867 (DZUP–OM) . Rondônia— Cacaulândia, 7 Km E, Fazenda Rancho Grande, 27–28–VII–1991, 1 female, C. Mielke &amp; Miers leg., OM 27.314 (DZUP–OM) . Maran-hão— Feira Nova do Maranhão, 26 Km L, Fazenda Forquilha dos <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.44167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.0080557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.44167/lat -7.0080557)">Brejos</a>, 07º 00’ 29’’ S, 46º 26’ 30’’ W, 28–XI–4– XII–2010, 2 males, Mielke &amp; Carneiro leg., DZ 26.192 (DZUP) ; 29–XII–2011, 1 female, C. Mielke leg., DZ 26.194 (DZUP); 31–XII–2011, 1 male, C. Mielke leg., DZ 26.193 (DZUP); 17–IV–2012, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 36.094 (DZUP) . Mato Grosso— Cáceres, 19–25–XI–1984, 1 male, Elias leg., DZ 26.188 (DZUP) ; 1–15– XII–1984, 1 male, Elias leg., DZ 26.186 (DZUP) . Goiás— Goiás Velho, XII–1976, 1 male, Gifford leg., ex–coll. Gifford, DZ 26.190 (DZUP) ; 26–V–1977, 1 male, Gifford leg., ex–coll. Gifford, DZ 26.197* (DZUP); 25–VIII– 1978, 1 female, Gifford leg., ex–coll. Gifford, DZ 26.198 (DZUP); 24–26–III–1978, 1 male, Gifford leg., ex–coll. Gifford, DZ 26.201 (DZUP); Vianópolis, III–1930, 1 female, Spitz leg., ex–coll. Spitz, OM 11.268 (DZUP–OM) . Distrito Federal— Brasília, Rio Maranhão, 1 female, Emery leg., ex–coll. Emery, DZ 34.053 (DZUP) . Pará— Óbidos, 1 female, ex–coll. May, OM 8.609 * (DZUP–OM) ; Santarém, I–1878, 1 male, M. de Mathan leg., NHMUK 010242372 * (NHMUK) ; 1 male, H. H. Smith leg., NHMUK 010242374 (NHMUK); I–1878, 1 female, M. de Mathan leg., NHMUK 010242375 (NHMUK); 1 male, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242376 * (NHMUK); 1 female, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242377 (NHMUK); 1 female, NHMUK 010242186 (NHMUK); 1 male, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242187 * (NHMUK); Alter do Chão, 24–I–1971, 1 male, Tangerini leg., OM 29.831 * (DZUP– OM) . Espírito Santo— Baixo Guandu, 1–10–IV–1971, 1 male, C. &amp; C. T. Elias leg., DZ 26.202 (DZUP) . Minas Gerais— Conceição dos Ouros, 27–XII–2002, 1 male, OM 59.992 (DZUP–OM) ; 10–II–2003, 1 male, OM 60.367 (DZUP–OM); Lagoa Dourada, 1000 m, 17–VII–1955, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.187 (DZUP) ; Paracatú, 16–VI–1972, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Brown leg., DZ 26.200 (DZUP) ; Sabará, 13–18–IV–1981, 1 male, Elias leg., DZ 26.196 (DZUP) ; São Francisco, 5–10–IV–1982, 1 female, Elias leg., DZ 26.185 (DZUP) ; VIII–1985, 1 male, Elias leg., DZ 26.184 (DZUP); São Roque de Minas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.53611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.310833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.53611/lat -20.310833)">São José do Barreiro</a>, 20°18’39’’S, 46°32’10’’O, 870 m, 2–VI–2017, 1 male, C. Mielke leg., OM 84.110 (DZUP–OM) . São Paulo— Rio Claro, 600 m, 8–IV–1962, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.189 (DZUP) ; 27–II–1963, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.203 (DZUP) . Paraná— Fênix, 300 m, 29–IV–1987, 2 males, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 26.191, DZ 26.199* (DZUP) ; Foz do Iguaçu, 23–I–2014, 1 male, Greve leg., DZ 34.052 (DZUP) . Santa Catarina— Seara, Nova Teutônia, 300–500 m, II–1981, 1 female, Plaumann leg., OM 29.627 (DZUP–OM) . Rio Grande do Sul— Santa Rosa, 20–XII–53, 1 male, C. Biezanko leg., NHMUK 010242379 (NHMUK) .</p><p>ARGENTINA: Misiones— Almirante Brown, General Belgrano, Reserva Yacutinga, 2–5–III–2007, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 26.195 (DZUP); Dos de Mayo, 28–IX–1989, 1 male, Foerster leg., OM 26.303 (DZUP–OM); Posadas, XII–1922, 1 male, NHMUK 010242188 * (NHMUK); 13–15–I–1927, 1 male, ex–coll. Hamilton Druce, NHMUK 010242380 (NHMUK) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFA5FFDDD790FD2031EBFE6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFA7FFDAD790FC2A306EFF12.text	0383CD7AFFA7FFDAD790FC2A306EFF12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades vansa Evans 1953	<div><p>Telemiades vansa Evans, 1953</p><p>(Figs 38–41, 152, 188, 209)</p><p>Telemiades vansa Evans, 1953 . Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 25, pl. 27 (male gen.); male [holo] type, Rio Demerara, British Guiana; BM(NH).— Mielke, 1973. Acta biol. paranaense 2: 28, figs 6, 7 (male d, v), 21–24 (male gen.).—de Jong, 1983. Tijd. Ent. 126: 241.—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 123; 2, p. 36.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 195; 2, p. 60.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 57, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 749.—Mielke; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande, 2012. Acta Amaz. 42 (2): 255.—Sambhu &amp; Nankishore, 2018. Zootaxa 4371: 15.</p><p>(no genus) vansa; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 282.</p><p>Type material. Telemiades vansa Evans, 1953 was described base on the male [holo]type from Demerara River, British Guiana [Guyana]. The male holotype is deposited at the NHMUK and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Type [verso from the same label:] vansa Evans / Rio Demerara/ Rothschild Bequest B.M. 1939–1./ 81/ [label with genitalia attached]/ BMNH(E) 1236502/.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 15–17 mm (n=4) and females 17 mm (n=3). Telemiades vansa is distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following characters: FW with two cellular (upper and lower) and two discal (in M 3 –CuA 1 and CuA 1 –CuA 2) hyaline spots, in some specimens these spots are not so evident; lateral apophysis of the tegumen extending throughout the entire length of uncus; valva with dorso–distal margin with a serrated crest–like projection, curved inwards; aedeagus with dorsal opening with 2/3 of its total length; ductus bursae with two rounded and sclerotinized plates.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades vansa occurs in areas of low altitudes in Amazonia Forest, with records in French Guiana, Suriname, and in the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Pará. There is a unique record from Rolândia, Paraná state, Brazil, but probably this specimen was mislabeled.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. After the description of T. vansa, Mielke (1973) recorded it for the first time in Brazil (Belém, Pará) and illustrated the male genitalia. Although this species is phenotypically similar to other species of the genus, for instance T. squanda and T. trenda, the morphology of the male genitalia with the lateral apophysis of the tegumen extending throughout the entire length of uncus is unique within the genus.</p><p>Examined material. BRAZIL: Amazonas— Manaus, 47 Km NO, Reserva ZF 2 (2°S 35’, 60°W 12’), 17–20– VIII–2010, 1 male, Dias &amp; Bonfantti leg., DZ 26.275 (DZUP). Pará— Belém, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.0/lat -2.0)">Parque Estadual do Utinga</a>, 5–II– 1963, 1 male, Roppa &amp; Mielke leg., 34723 (MNRJ); Itaituba, 2 males and 2 females, OM 40.632 (DZUP–OM), DZ 12.402 *, DZ 12.406*, DZ 18.334 (DZUP); Santo Antônio do Tauá, Reserva Sonho Azul, 22–I–2005, 1 fe- male, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 26.282 (DZUP); Vigia, 15 m, 22–VII–2007, 1 male, C. Mielke leg., DZ 26.274 (DZUP) . Paraná— Rolândia, V–1948, 1 male, B. Pohl leg. (MZUSP) *.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFA7FFDAD790FC2A306EFF12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFA0FFDAD790FD2C373BFB6A.text	0383CD7AFFA0FFDAD790FD2C373BFB6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eudamus penidas Hewitson 1867	<div><p>“ penidas group”</p><p>Species included:</p><p>Telemiades penidas (Hewitson, 1867) ceramina Herrich–Schäffer, 1869 mygdon Möschler, 1877 (Telegonus) aesopus Plötz, 1882 (Proteides) uncinata Plötz, 1882 (Telemiades) megalloides Schaus, 1902 hoyti Weeks, 1906 (Pythonides)</p><p>Telemiades pallidus Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>The “ penidas group” is composed of two species characterized by the following characters: FW with four triangular hyaline discal spots; uncus with distal margin rounded, ventrally slightly curved and with one pair of truncated lobes; lamella antevaginalis with irregular margin and with lateral expansions.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFA0FFDAD790FD2C373BFB6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFA0FFE6D790F9B7310DF9CE.text	0383CD7AFFA0FFE6D790F9B7310DF9CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades penidas (Hewitson 1867)	<div><p>Telemiades penidas (Hewitson, 1867)</p><p>(Figs 42–45, 153, 189, 210)</p><p>Eudamus penidas Hewitson, 1867 . Descr. Hesp. 1, p. 18; Santarém, Amazonas, [Pará, Brazil], Bates leg.; Hewitson collection.— Kirby, 1879. Cat. Coll. Diurn. Lep. Hewitson, p. 214.</p><p>Telemiades penidas; Herrich–Schäffer, 1869. Corr.–Blatt zool.–min. Ver. Regensburg 23: 189.— Watson, 1893. Proc. zool. Soc. London, p. 27.— Mabille, 1903, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 28.— Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912. Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (9)16: 113, 121, pl. 2, fig. 2 (d, v).— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 868, pl. 172b (d).— Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 77.—Evans, 1947. Cat. Hesp. Eur., Asia &amp; Australia, p. 477; syn.: aesopus .— Moss, 1949. Acta zool. Lill. 7: 49; biol., host plant.— Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 28, pl. 27 (male gen.); syn.: ceramina, mygdon, uncinata, aesopus, megalloides, hoyti .—K. Brown &amp; Mielke, 1967. Jour. Lep. Soc. 21: 164.—Silva et al., 1968. Quarto Cat. Ins. viv. Plant. Brasil 2 (1), p. 320; host plant.—Ebert, 1968, in Silva et al. Quarto Cat. Ins. viv. Plant. Brasil 2 (2), p. 239.— Mielke, 1973. Acta biol. paranaense 2: 28.—Bridges, 1983. Lep Hesp. 1, p. 2, 23, 54, 73, 79, 91, 122; 2, p. 36; syn.: aesopus, ceramina, hoyti, megalloides, mygdon, uncinata .—de Jong, 1983. Tijd. Ent. 126: 241; syn.: mygdon, ceramina .—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 3, 37, 85, 116, 125, 145, 193; 2, p. 60; syn.: aesopus, ceramina, hoyti, megalloides, mygdon, uncinata .—Lamas, 1994, in Foster et al. RAP Working Papers 6: 174.—Lamas; Robbins &amp; Harvey, 1996. Rev. peruana Ent. 39: 68.—Robbins et al., 1996, in Wilson &amp; Sandoval. Manu, p. 246.— Murray, 2000. Jour. Res. Lep. 35: 53.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 57, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.: ceramina, mygdon, aesopus, uncinata, megalloides, hoyti .— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 1, p. 8; 3, p. 748; syn.: ceramina, mygdon, aesopus, uncinata, megalloides, hoyti, megaloides.—Mielke; Emery &amp; Pinheiro, 2008. Revta bras. Ent. 52 (2): 286.—DeVries; Austin &amp; Martin, 2009. Ins. Conserv. and Diversity 2009: 3, fig. 1b (d).— Beccaloni et al., 2008. Monografías Tercer Milenio 8: 103; host plant. — Mielke; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande, 2010. Biota Neotrop. 10 (4): 296.—Salazar et al., 2010. Bol. cient. mus. hist. nat., Manizales, 14 (1): 157.—Mielke; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande, 2012. Acta Amaz. 42 (2): 255.—Casagrande et al., 2012. Revta bras. Ent. 56 (1): 27.—Garwood &amp; Lehman, 2013. Butt. C. Amer. 3, Hesp., p. 63, figs (male d, v, female v).—Sambhu &amp; Nankishore, 2018. Zootaxa 4371: 14.</p><p>Telemiades ceramina Herrich–Schäffer, 1869 . Corr–Blatt zool.–min. Ver. Regensburg 23: 189; Tropical America.— Kirby, 1871. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., p. 575.— Plötz, 1882. Berl. ent. Ztschr. 26: 73; syn.: mygdon, uncinata .— Godman, 1907. Ann. &amp; Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)20: 135.— Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912. Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (9)16: 119, 121; syn.: mygdon .— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 869, pl. 169a (v).— Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 78; syn.: uncinata .—Williams &amp; Bell, 1931. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 57: 255, fig. 2 (male gen.).—Shepard, 1936. Lep. Cat. 74, p. 616.—Hall, 1939. Agric. Jour. Brit. Guiana 10: 219.—Hall, 1940. Ent. Bull. Brit. Guiana Dept. Agric. 3: 55.—Lewis, 1973. Butt. World, p. 87, fig. 26 (d), p. 249.—Lewis, 1975. Marip. Mundo, p. 87, fig. 26 (d), p. 249.—Vargas, 2003. Bol. cient. mus. hist. nat., Manizales, 7: 203.</p><p>Telegonus penidas; Kirby, 1871. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., p. 575.</p><p>Telegonus mygdon Möschler, 1877 . Verh. zool.–bot. Ges. Wien 26: 328, pl. 3, fig. 14 (d); 1 female [holotype], Paramaribo, Suriname; Möschler collection.— Kirby, 1877. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., Suppl., p. 817.— Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 79.</p><p>Proteides aesopus Plötz, 1882 . Berl. ent. Ztschr. 26: 72; Java.</p><p>Telemiades uncinata Plötz, 1882 (Hopffer in litt.). Berl. ent. Ztschr. 26: 73; [Brazil (Pará—in the label from the type specimen]; nom. nudum (ICZN, Art. 11.6.—synonym of Telemiades ceramina Herrich–Schäffer).</p><p>Telemiades megalloides Schaus, 1902 . Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 24: 428; males, females, type nº 5.972, Peru; USNM.— Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912. Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (9)16: 118, 121.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 869.— Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 78.—Spitz, 1932. Rev. Mus. Paulista 17: 870, 880, 885.—Lamas, 1969. Biota 7: 328.</p><p>Pythonides hoyti Weeks, 1906 . Ent. News 17: 202; I–1900, Suapure, Venezuela.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 886.— Bell, 1933. Ent. News 44: 267.—Shepard, 1936. Lep. Cat. 74, p. 616.</p><p>Telemiades aesopus; Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 79.</p><p>Telemiades hoyti; Bell, 1946. Bol. Ent. venezol. 5: 90.</p><p>(no genus) ceramina; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 108.</p><p>(no genus) mygdon; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 207.</p><p>(no genus) aesopus; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 68.</p><p>(no genus) megaloides [sic]; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 197.</p><p>(no genus) hoyti; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 162.</p><p>Telemiades epicalus [misidentification]; Austin; Brock &amp; Mielke, 1993. Trop. Lep. 4, Suppl. 2: 6, fig. (cover—as epicalus); ecol.</p><p>Type material. Eudamus penidas Hewitson, 1867 was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from Santarém [Pará, Brazil]. One male syntype was found at NHMUK with the same characteristics published in the original description, and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Type [verso from the same label:] penidas Hew / Santarem/ Santarem. Hewitson Coll. 79–69 Eudamus penidas . Hew/ 37/ [label with genitalia attached]/ BMNH(E) 1236495/. In order to stabilize the identity of this species, this male specimen is hereby designated lectotype of Eudamus penidas Hewitson, 1867 and the following labels will be attached: Lectotypus / Lectotype Eudamus penidas Hewitson, 1867 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. These labels will be sent to the curator for the collection.</p><p>Telemiades ceramina Herrich–Schäffer, 1869 was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from ‘Tropical America’. One male syntype was found at ZMHU with the same characteristics published in the original description, and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Typus/ 5040/ 78:1[?]/ ceramina HSch Prod[romus [III], p.] 69.[number]6/ 78:1 ceramina H. Sch. type ( mygdon Möschler) uncinata Hpf. [?]/ uncinata N. Pará Sieber/. In order to stabilize the identity of this species, this male specimen is hereby designated lectotype of Telemiades ceramina Herrich–Schäffer, 1869 . The lectotype has a label with the same data published in the original description, and the following labels will be attached: / Lectotypus / Lectotypus Telemiades ceramina Herrich–Schäffer, 1869 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. These labels will be sent to the curator for the collection.</p><p>Telegonus mygdon Möschler, 1877 was described based on the female [holotype] from Paramaribo [Suriname]. The Möschler collection is deposited at ZMHU, however no syntypes of T. mygdon were found. In order to sta- bilize the identity of this species, one female specimen is hereby designated neotype of T. mygdon . The specimen has the same morphological characters illustrated in the original description (Möschler 1877: pl. 3, fig. 14) and well discussed by Evans (1953), and is deposited at DZUP with the following labels: / NEOTYPUS / 5–VIII–1988 Ariquemes, RO[ndônia] [Brazil] Miers leg/ OM 18.685/ Neotypus Telegonus mygdon Möschler, 1877 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/.</p><p>Proteides aesopus Plötz, 1882 was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from “Java”. The type material of Plötz is deposited at ZMHU and ZSM, however no syntypes of P. aesopus were found in these museums. In order to stabilize the identity of this species, one male specimen is hereby designated neotype of Proteides aesopus Plötz, 1882 . The specimen has the same characteristics published in the original description and well discussed by Evans (1953), and is deposited at DZUP with the following labels: / NEOTYPUS / 23–30–VIII–2014, Rio Moa, P[ar]Q.[ue] NAC.[ional] SERRA DO DIVISOR (SÉDE), MÂNCIO LIMA, ACRE, BRASIL, MIELKE, CASAGRANDE, CARNEIRO, DIAS, DOLIBAINA, SIEWERT &amp; SALIK LEG 7° 26’ 52’’ S, 73° 39’ 55’’/ DZ 36.118/ Neotypus Proteides aesopus Plötz, 1882 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/.</p><p>Telemiades uncinata Plötz, 1882 (Hopffer in litt.) is considered nomen nudum, since it was mentioned as synonym of Telemiades ceramina Herrich–Schäffer, 1869 . The male uncinata specimen is housed at ZMHU with the same labels of T. ceramina .</p><p>Telemiades megalloides Schaus, 1902 was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from Peru. Schaus attested that the type specimen has the No. 5972 U.S. N.M. Two syntypes (one male and one female) were found at USNM with the same code mentioned by Schaus, and both are illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Peru / Telemiades megalloides type Schs/ Type No. 5972 U.S. N.M./ Collection W. Schaus/. In order to stabilize the identity of this species, the male specimen is hereby designated lectotype of T. megalloides . The lectotype has a label with the same data published in the original description, and the following labels will be attached: / Lectotypus / Lectotypus Telemiades megalloides Schaus, 1902 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. The female specimen is hereby designated paralectotype and the following labels will also be attached: / Paralectotypus / Paralectotypus Telemiades megalloides Schaus, 1902 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. These labels will be sent to the curator for the collection.</p><p>Pythonides hoyti Weeks, 1906 was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from Suapure [Bolivar], Venezuela. One female syntype was found at MCZ with the following labels: / 1/25/[19]00/ SUAPURE VENEZUELA / M. C. Z. Type 16687/ Pyth. hoyti / A G Weeks Collection/ Jan.–Jun. 2001 MCZ Image Database/. In order to stabilize the identity of this species, this female specimen is hereby designated lectotype of P. hoyti . The lectotype has a label with the same data published in the original description, and the following labels will be attached: / Lectotypus / Lectotypus Pythonides hoyti Weeks, 1906 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. These labels will be sent to the curator for the collection.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 19–21 mm (n=20) and females 20–22 mm (n=4). Telemiades penidas is distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following characters: FW with four triangular hyaline doscal spots; uncus with distal margin rounded, ventrally slightly curved and with one pair of truncated lobes; lamella antevaginalis symmetrical and with irregular margin of lateral expansions.</p><p>Variation. The ground color could be darker in some specimens. Also, some specimens could have larger spots on both wings.</p><p>Natural History. Immatures have been reported on Inga sp. (Moss 1941). Several males were collected using the Ahrenholz technique (Lamas et al. 1993) at National Park of Serra do Divisor, Mâncio Lima, Acre, Brazil.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades penidas occurs in forested areas of Amazonia, with records in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, and Brazil.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Eudamus penidas Hewitson, 1867 was transferred to Telemiades by Herrich–Schäffer (1869). In the same work, Herrich–Schäffer described Telemiades ceramina and later Plötz (1882) considered Telegonus mygdon Möschler, 1877 and Telemiades uncinata Plötz, 1882 as synonyms of it. Evans (1953) synonymized T. ceramina, T. mygdon, T. uncinata, Telemiades megalloides Schaus, 1902 and Pythonides hoyti Weeks, 1906 with T. penidas, all of which have been adopted to this day. Analysis of the existing type material of the species mentioned above supports the synonym with T. penidas . Plötz (1882) described Proteides aesopus based on an unknown number of specimens from “Java”. After its description, Shepard (1931) transferred P. aesopus to Telemiades and Evans (1947) synonymized it with T. penidas without outlining the reasons for it. Plötz’s specimens are supposedly deposited at ZMHU and ZSM but it was not possible to find specimens of P. aesopus there. The characteristics in the description of P. aesopus agree with T. penidas and, for this reason, the synonymy of the former with the latter remains valid. However, it is possible that “Java” is not an accurate locality for the species. The type locality of other species described by Plötz were erroneously interpreted from the original publication: Libra anatolica (Plötz, 1883) described from “Asia” (the species occur in south Brazil) and Pyrgus ( Syrichtus [sic]) argina Plötz, 1884 (now synonymous with Amblyscirtes hegon (Scudder, 1863)) described from “Brisbane” [Austrália] (occurs in North America).</p><p>Examined material. No data: 1 male (ZMHU); 1 male, DZ 25.847 (DZUP); 1 male and 3 females, NHMUK 010242045, NHMUK 010242026, NHMUK 010242051, NHMUK 010242062, NHMUK 010242081 (NHMUK); VIII–IX–1879, 1 female, M. de Mathan leg., NHMUK 010242058 (NHMUK); 1 male (ZMHU); 1 male (NBC) .</p><p>ECUADOR: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.0/lat -1.4833333)">Los</a> Rios— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.0/lat -1.4833333)">Babahoyo</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.0/lat -1.4833333)">Rio de Las Juntas</a>, VI–VII–1893, 1 female, M. de Mathan leg., NHMUK 010242047 (NHMUK). Napo— Reserva Cuyabeno, 4–XII–1985, 1 female, E. Cariazo leg., DZ 25.846 (DZUP). Pastaza— Mera, VIII–2013, 2 males, R. Westphal leg., OM 76.618, OM 76.628 (DZUP–OM); Puyo, 01º 29‘S, 78º 00’W, III–2009, 1 male, J.–C. Petit leg. (CEB) .</p><p>PERU: no specific locality, 1 male, NHMUK 010242048 * (NHMUK). Amazonas— Rodríguez de Mendoza, 25–III–2003, 1500–2000 m, 1 male, ex–coll. König (CEB). Cuzco— Vale do Cosñipata, Quebrada Quitacalzón, 1100 m, 24–X–2010, 1 male, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL); 5–V–2015, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 78.170 (DZUP–OM); 27–X–2018, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 87.924 (DZUP–OM); 15-VI-2019, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 89.450 (DZUP- OM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Quebrada Santa Isabel</a>, 1.200 m, 13º02’S, 71º31’W, 1–XI–2017, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 84.973 (DZUP– OM). Huánuco— Tingo Maria, XI–1996, 1 male, M. Büche leg., OM 47.143 (DZUP–OM). Loreto— Agua Blanca, 130 m, 23–IX–2003, J. J. Ramírez leg. (MHNL) ; Castaña, 150 m, 22–X–1993, 1 male, R. K. Robbins leg. (MHNL); 23–X–1995, 1 female, R. K. Robbins leg. (MHNL); Iquitos, 1 male (ZMHU); V–1932, 1 female, G. Klug leg., NHMUK 010242059 (NHMUK); El Milagro, V–2016, 1 female, Ramírez leg., OM 81.003 (DZUP–OM); Pebas, 1 male (ZMHU); Rio Sucussari, Explornapo–Aceer, 140 m, 17–IX–1995, 1 female, D. Harvey leg. (MHNL). Madre de Díos— Alto Río Madre de Díos, 2,5 Km NE Atalaya, Albergue Amazonia, 12º 5’ 25’’ S, 71º 23’ W, 500 m, 17–V–2012, 1 male, J. Brock leg. (MHNL); 8–XI–2012, 1 male, M. McInnis leg. (MHNL); Parque Nacional del Manu, Pakitza, 11° 55’ 48’’ S, 71° 15’ 18’’ W, 340 m, 14–X–1991, 1 male, R. Robbins leg. (MHNL); Reserva Tambopata, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Boca do Rio La Torre</a>, 300 m, 9–VI–1972, 1 male, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL) ; 27–X–1983, 1 male, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL); Shintuya, 3,6 Km NE, Albergue Pantiacolla, 12° 39’ 21’’S, 71° 13’ 53’’W, 26–29–X–2016, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 81.577 (DZUP–OM); 30–X-2-XI–2018, 1 male and 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 87.875, OM 88.029; 18-22-VI-2019, 2 males, OM 88.748, OM 88.788 (DZUP–OM). San Martín— Rioja, El Afluente, 5º 40’ S, 77º 42’ W, VI–2011, 1 female, J. Pintado leg. (MHNL); Tarapoto, 4º trimestre 1885, 1 female, M. de Mathan leg., NHMUK 010242053 (NHMUK). Ucayali— Lontananza, 4,5 Km, SE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.20333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.151111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.20333/lat -6.151111)">Rio Yaquirama</a>, 1–3–X– 2008, 143 m, 06º 09’ 04’’ S, 73º 12’ 12’’ W, A. Garcia leg. (MHNL) .</p><p>BOLIVIA: Cochabamba— Yungas del Espiritu Santo, 1 male, NHMUK 010242049 * (NHMUK). La Paz— Rio Zongo, 1200 m, 1895–6, 2 males, Garlepp leg. (ZMHU) .</p><p>VENEZUELA: no specific locality, 1 male, ex–coll. Druce, NHMUK 010242025 (NHMUK); 1 male, NHMUK 010242046 (NHMUK) . Aragua— San Sebastián de los Reyes, 7–VIII–1985, 1 female, Stuart leg., NHMUK 010242050 (NHMUK) .</p><p>GUYANA: no specific locality, 1 female, NHMUK 010242028 (NHMUK); 1 male and 1 female, A. Bedford Russell leg., BMNH(E) # 666099, BMNH(E) # 666098 (NHMUK); 1 male, Parish leg., NHMUK 010242027 (NHMUK). Demerara–Mahaica — Paradise, Rio Demerara, 1 female, NHMUK 010242030 (NHMUK). Potaro– Siparuni — Mahdia, Cataratas de Kaieteur, II–III–1936, 1 male, A. Hall leg., NHMUK 010242029 (NHMUK) .</p><p>SURINAME: no specific locality, 1 male, ex–coll. Weymer (ZMHU); 1 female, 5041 (ZMHU); 1 female, ex–coll. Möschler (ZMHU); 21–X–1922, 1 female, E. H. Jonkers leg. (NBC) .</p><p>FRENCH GUIANA: no specific locality, 3 males and 3 females, C. Bar leg., NHMUK 010242033, NHMUK 010242039, NHMUK 010242032, NHMUK 010242034, NHMUK 010242036, NHMUK 010242038 (NHMUK); Caiena, 3 males and 3 females, NHMUK 010242031, NHMUK 010242037, NHMUK 010242043 *, NHMUK 010242040, NHMUK 010242042, NHMUK 010242044 (NHMUK); Régina, Nouragues Reserve, 6–12–VIII– 2010, 1 male, Mission Seag, DZ 25.848 (DZUP) . Saint–Laurent–du–Maroni, no specific locality, VII–IX–1915, 1 male, NHMUK 010242041 (NHMUK); 1 male, NHMUK 010242035 (NHMUK) .</p><p>BRAZIL: no specific locality, 1 male and 1 female, NHMUK 010242078 *, NHMUK 010242079 (NHMUK). Acre— Bujari, 50 Km NO, 18–20–IX–2003, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 25.839 (DZUP); 10–12–IX– 2004, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 25.838* (DZUP); Cruzeiro do Sul, 3–VIII–1973, 1 male, H. Ebert leg., DZ 25.841* (DZUP); Mâncio Lima, Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, 7° 26’ 50’’ S, 73° 39’ 52’’ W, 200–400 m, 10–21–IX–2011, 6 males, Dolibaina &amp; Moura leg., DZ 36.099, DZ 36.100, DZ 36.101, DZ 36.102, DZ 36.103, DZ 36.104, (DZUP); 20–27–VI–2013, 10 males, Mielke, Casagrande, Carneiro, Dias &amp; Dolibaina leg., DZ 36.105, DZ 36.106, DZ 36.107, DZ 36.108, DZ 36.109, DZ 36.110, DZ 36.111, DZ 36.112, DZ 36.113, DZ 36.114 (DZUP); 23–30–VIII–2014, 7 males, Mielke, Casagrande, Carneiro, Dias, Dolibaina, Siewert &amp; Salik leg., DZ 36.115, DZ 36.116, DZ 36.117, DZ 36.118, DZ 36.119, DZ 36.120, DZ 36.121 (DZUP); Marechal Thaumaturgo, Lago Ceará, 22–IX–1999, 1 male, K. Brown leg., OM 52.080 (DZUP–OM); Porto Acre, Reserva Humaitá, 8–10–IX–2004, 2 males, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 25.834, DZ 25.835 (DZUP); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.289444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.097222224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.289444/lat -0.097222224)">Santa Rosa do Purus</a>, 11,9 Km SE, 13–VIII–2008, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Carneiro leg., DZ 25.840 (DZUP) ; Senador Guiomard, Reserva Catuaba, 2–5–IX–2004, 2 males, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 25.836*, DZ 25.837 (DZUP); 6–7–X–2006, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 36.095 (DZUP); 27–VIII–5–IX–2011, 3 males, Dolibaina &amp; Moura leg., DZ 36.096, DZ 36.097, DZ 36.098 (DZUP). Amapá— Santo Antônio das Pedreiras, 4–X–2005, 1 male, Pessoa leg., OM 67.701 (DZUP–OM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.289444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.097222224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.289444/lat -0.097222224)">Serra do Navio</a>, 9–II–1964, 1 female, Mielke leg., 100/387 (MNRJ). Amazonas— Barcelos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.289444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.097222224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.289444/lat -0.097222224)">Rio Aracá</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.289444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.097222224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.289444/lat -0.097222224)">Foz do Rio Curuduri</a>, 0° 05’ 50’’ S, 53° 17’ 22’’ W, 15–19–VI–2010, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 36.088 (DZUP) ; Coari, 1 male (ZMHU); Humaitá, VII–IX–1906, 1 female, H. Hoffmanns leg., NHMUK 010242060 (NHMUK); Maués, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.289444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.097222224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.289444/lat -0.097222224)">Rio Preto</a>, 1–10–XI–2007, 1 male, A. Silva leg. ; 15–25–XI–2007, 1 male, A. Silva leg.; XII–2007, 2 males, A. Silva leg. (CEB); Nhamundá, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.289444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.097222224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.289444/lat -0.097222224)">Rio Nhamundá</a>, 16–19–V–2008, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 25.845 (DZUP) ; Tefé, 2 males e 1 female, NHMUK 010242052, NHMUK 010242054 NHMUK 010242057 (NHMUK); 1 female, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242055 (NHMUK); Tonantins, 1 female (ZMHU). Tocantins— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.289444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.097222224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.289444/lat -0.097222224)">Ilha do Bananal</a>, 22–VI–1979, 1 male, Gifford leg., DZ 25.830 (DZUP). Maranhão— no specific locality, 1 male, Miss Orchard leg., NHMUK 010242080 (NHMUK) ; Feira Nova do Maranhão, Fazenda Forquilha dos Brejos, 15–25–II–2012, 3 males, C. Mielke leg., DZ 25.842*, DZ 25.843, DZ 25.844 (DZUP). Pará— no specific locality, 1 male, NHMUK 010242061 (NHMUK); 6 males e 7 females, A.M. Moss leg., NHMUK 010242063, NHMUK 010242065, NHMUK 010242067, NHMUK 010242069, NHMUK 010242071, NHMUK 010242073, NHMUK 010242064, NHMUK 010242066, NHMUK 010242068, NHMUK 010242070, NHMUK 010242072, NHMUK 010242074, NHMUK 010242075, NHMUK 010242076 (NHMUK); Acará, Alça Viária, 16–XI–2008, 1 male, P. &amp; J. Jauffret leg., DZ 25.831 (DZUP); Belém, [Parque Estadual do] Utinga, 5–II–1963, 1 male, Roppa &amp; Mielke leg., 100/386 (MNRJ); Benevides, 2–II–2010, 1 female, Carneiro, Dolibaina, Dias &amp; Moreira leg., DZ 25.833* (DZUP); Dom Eliseu, 8–I–2006, 1 male, C. Mielke leg., OM 67.572 (DZUP–OM); Itaituba, 1 male, NHMUK 010242056 (NHMUK); 1 male, Michael leg. (ZMHU); 1 male (ZMHU); Óbidos, 2 females, 59/859, 59/ 860 (MNRJ); 13–I–1931, 1 female, ex–coll. Gagarin, DZ 8591* (DZUP); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.289444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.097222224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.289444/lat -0.097222224)">Santo Antônio de Tauá</a>, Reserva Sonho Azul, 12–XII–2005, 1 female, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 25.832 (DZUP). Rondônia— Ariquemes, 05–VIII–1988, 1 female, Miers leg., DZ 18.685 (DZUP) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.289444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.097222224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.289444/lat -0.097222224)">Candeias do Jamari</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.289444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.097222224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.289444/lat -0.097222224)">Banho do Rio Preto</a>, Fazenda Urupá, 40km SE, 23–25–VII– 1991, 3 males, C. Mielke &amp; Miers leg., OM 27.209 *, OM 27.221, OM 27.191 (DZUP–OM) ; Cacaulândia, Linha 105, km 8, 10–22–VII–1991, 1 male and 1 female, C. Mielke &amp; Miers leg., OM 27 . 107, OM 27.203 (DZUP–OM); 8–19–XI–1994, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 38.672 (DZUP–OM); Ouro Preto do Oeste, 16–23–X–1987, 1 male, C. Elias leg., DZ 25.828 (DZUP). Distrito Federal— Planaltina, Córrego Grotão, 28–X–2005, 1 male, Emery leg., ex–coll. Emery, DZ 34.051 (DZUP) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFA0FFE6D790F9B7310DF9CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF9CFFE7D790F9E33171F81A.text	0383CD7AFF9CFFE7D790F9E33171F81A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades pallidus Siewert, Mielke & Casagrande 2020	<div><p>Telemiades pallidus Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 46–49, 154, 190, 210)</p><p>Diagnosis. Telemiades pallidus Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov. is distinguished from T. penidas by the paler ground color, FW with smaller hyaline spots, harpe with dorso and ventral–distal processes slightly projected, and lamella antevaginalis with lateral asymmetrical expansions. Besides, T. pallidus sp. nov. has been recorded only in Atlantic Forest areas of the Brazilian states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, and São Paulo, while T. penidas occus in Amazonian areas.</p><p>Description. Head: frons brown with sparse yellow scales; vertex brown. Eyes surrounded by creamy and yellowish scales. Labial palpi with first and second segments dark brown and cream; third segment dark brown.Antennae dark brown; base of each segment cream; apical third ventrally cream; nudum of 25–27 segments.</p><p>Thorax: dorsally and ventrally dark brown and yellowish.</p><p>FW: length of males 19–21 mm (n=12) and females 22–24 mm (n=4). DFW (Figs 46–48): ground color dark brown in males and light brown in females; four contiguous hyaline spots, larger in females: two cellular (upper and lower), not fused in the proximal margin in males and fused in females; and two discal rectangular (M 3 –CuA 1 and CuA 1 –CuA 2), with excavated distal margin in M 3 –CuA 1 and separated in CuA 1 –CuA 2, as two distinct spots; three apical hyaline spots in R 3 –R 4, R 4 –R 5 and R 5 –M 1, the last smaller; two dark brown and squared spots in CuA 2 –2A, well marked in females.</p><p>DHW (Figs 46–48): ground color dark brown; four dark brown rounded discal spots in Sc+R 1 –Rs, discal superior, discal inferior and CuA 2 –2A; submarginal dark spots as an irregular band.</p><p>VFW (Figs 47–49): as DFW; paler below CuA 2.</p><p>VHW (Figs 47–49): as DHW; discal and submarginal spots more visible.</p><p>Abdome: dorsally and ventrally dark brown and yellowish.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 154): tegumen rounded, distal margin with two pairs of lateral apophysis with half size of uncus. Anterior projection os saccus triangular and anterior margin rounded. Uncus short about 1/3 of tegumen; distal margin slightly curved ventrally and with one pair of truncated lobes laterally. Valva rectangular, twice as long as wide; costa rectangular; harpe with dorso and ventro–distal process slightly projected; sacculus rectangular, about 1/3 than valva. Fultura inferior distally bifid, with distal margin and base rounded. Aedeagus cylindrical; insertion of manica in the middle of aedeagus; opening of ejaculatory bulb rounded; distal margin truncated, with a line of spines–like projections on the lateral left; opening for vesica right and lateral, about ½ of size of aedeagus; cornuti as two lines of sharp spines, the first with small spines and located at proximal region of aedeagus, and the second with developed spines located on central region of aedeagus.</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 190): tergum VIII rounded. Papilla analis covered by scales on apical third; posterior apophysis twice as longer than papilla. Lamella antevaginalis rectangular; distal margin concave at central region; lateral expansions rounded, asymmetrical, with irregular margins, and ventrally with a thin–like projections. Lamella postvaginalis with distal margin concave. Ductus bursae membranous, sclerotized proximally of ostium; corpus bursae membranous and globular, about twice the size of ductus, 2/3 of proximal region rough. Signa absent.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades pallidus sp. nov. is recorded in Atlantic Forest areas of the Brazilian states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, and Paraná.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a reference to the paler color when compared with Telemiades penidas .</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Despite the phenotypic similarity between T. pallidus sp. nov. and T. penidas, the geographical distribution of both species can be used to distinguish them. The first occurrs from Bahia to Paraná and the latter is in the Amazon. The possibility that T. pallidus sp. nov. is a subspecies of T. penidas (in view of their phenotypic similarity and allopatric distribution) should be discarded due to the significant differences in the morphology of both sexes. In addition, the possibility that T. pallidus sp. nov. is a variation of T. penidas can be discarded, since the morphological differences between the species are constant.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male deposited at DZUP with the following labels: / Holotypus / Conceição da Barra Esp. [írito] Santo Brasil 8–VIII–1968 C. &amp; C. T. Elias leg./ DZ 25.821 / Holotypus Telemiades pallidus Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. Allotype female deposited at DZUP with the following labels: / Allotypus / Lin-hares–E[spírito]S[anto] [Brasil] 1–8–IX–1973 C. Elias leg/ DZ 25.814 / Allotypus Telemiades pallidus Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/.</p><p>Paratypes. BRAZIL: Bahia— no specific locality, 1 male, NHMUK 010242077 (NHMUK); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Camacan</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Reserva Serra Bonita</a>, 200 m, 3–10–XII–2016, 1 male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Mielke</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Carneiro</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Dias</a>, Dolibaina &amp; Santos leg., DZ 34.049v (DZUP). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Espírito</a> Santo— no specific locality, 1 female, ex–coll. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Fruhstorfer</a>, NHMUK 010242082 (NHMUK). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Conceição da Barra</a>, 15–II–1968, 1 male, 8–VIII–1968, 1 male, 18–IX–1968, 1 male, 12–X–1968, 1 male, 17–X–1968, 1 male, 27–VI–1969, 1 male, C. &amp; C. T. Elias leg., DZ 25.824*, DZ 25.826, DZ 25.825, DZ 25.827, DZ 25.822, DZ 25.823 (DZUP); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Linhares</a>, 28–III–1970, 1 male, 18–III–1972, 1 male, 12–IV–1972, 1 male and 1 female, 27–IV–1972, 1 male, 27–VII–1972, 1 male, 11–VIII–1972, 1 female, 22–III–1973, 1 male, 9–14–IV–1973, 1 male, 2–8–V–1973, 1 male, 1–9–VI–1973, 1 male, 25–30–VI–1973, 1 male, 15–20–IV–1974, 1 male, 27–VI–1974, 1 male, 4–VII–1974, 1 male, II–1978, 1 female, C. Elias leg., DZ 25.809, DZ 25.815, DZ 25.816, DZ 25.813*, DZ 25.804, DZ 25.820, DZ 25.817*, DZ 25.812*, DZ 25.811, DZ 25.807, DZ 25.805, DZ 25.819, DZ 25.806, DZ 25.808, DZ 25.810, DZ 25.818 (DZUP). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">São</a> Paulo— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Mirassol</a>, 1–XI–1972, 1 male, H. Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 25. 829* (DZUP). Paraná— São Pedro do Ivaí, RPPN Barbacena, 380 m, 23° 48’ 35’’S, 51° 55’ 45’’W, 8–II–2016, 2 males, Dolibaina &amp; Warren leg., DD 489, DD 490 (DD) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF9CFFE7D790F9E33171F81A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF9EFFE4D790FC4832F9FA06.text	0383CD7AFF9EFFE4D790FC4832F9FA06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades antiope (Plotz 1882)	<div><p>“ antiope group”</p><p>Species included:</p><p>Telemiades antiope (Plötz, 1882) lamus Mabille, 1888 (Plesioneura) syn. nov., comb. nov. antiope tosca Evans, 1953 ( Telemiades) syn. nov.</p><p>Telemiades atlantiope Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>Telemiades lamasi Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>The “ antiope group” is composed of three species characterized by the following characters: FW with four hyaline spots: two cellular (upper and lower) and two discal in M 3 –CuA 1 and CuA 1 –CuA 2; uncus with dorsal margin convex; cornuti as numerous spines, all with same size and disposed in lines; ductus bursae with a sclerotized thin–like plate with 2/3 of its length.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF9EFFE4D790FC4832F9FA06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF9EFFE3D790F8C3319EFE4E.text	0383CD7AFF9EFFE3D790F8C3319EFE4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades antiope (Plotz 1882)	<div><p>Telemiades antiope (Plötz, 1882)</p><p>(Figs 50–53, 155, 191, 211)</p><p>Proteides antiope Plötz, 1882 . Berl. ent. Ztschr. 26: 71; nº 5.039 [holotype], Colombia, Pará, [Brazil]; Mus. Berol.— Godman,</p><p>1907. Ann. &amp; Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)20:135; variation of Telemiades amphion .</p><p>Plesioneura lamus Mabille, 1888 . Le Nat. (2)2 (42): 275, fig. 2 (d, v); 1 female [holotype], Obidos, [Pará, Brazil]; Staudinger collection.</p><p>Telemiades lamus; Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912. Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (9)16: 112, 121.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross– Schmett. Erde 5, p. 868.— Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 78. syn. nov.</p><p>Telemiades antiopa [sic]; Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912. Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (9)16: 121; synonym of Telemiades amphion .</p><p>Telemiades anthiope [sic]; Bell, 1946. Bol. Ent. venezol. 5: 90; synonym of Telemiades amphion .</p><p>Telemiades antiope; Bell, 1949. Amer. Mus. Novit. 1385: 5, fig. 4 (male gen.).—K. Brown &amp; Mielke, 1967. Jour. Lep. Soc. 21: 164.—Okano, 1981. Tokurana 1: 82.—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 8; 2, p. 36.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 13; 2, p. 59.—Garwood et al., 2009. Butt. South. Amaz., 2nd ed., p. 308, fig. (d).</p><p>Telemiades antiope antiope; Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 29, pl. 27 (male gen.).—Kesselring &amp; Ebert, [1982]. Rev. Nordestina Biol. 2: 110.—Cock, 1982. Occ. Pap. Dept. Zool. UWI 5: 11, 25.—Cock, 1992. Living World 1991/1992: 50, pls 4, 5 (male d, female v).— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 56, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papil-ionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.: antiopa, anthiope .— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 743; syn.: antiopa, anthiope . —Garwood &amp; Lehman, 2013. Butt. C. Amer. 3, Hesp., p. 64, fig. (d).—Cock, 2014. Insecta Mundi 393: 9.</p><p>Telemiades antiope tosca Evans, 1953 . Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 30, pl. 27 (male gen.); [holo] type male, Ega [= Tefé], Amazonas, [Brazil]; BM(NH).—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 110; 2, p. 36.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 189; 2, p. 59.—Emmel &amp; Austin, 1990. Trop. Lep. 1: 8.—Lamas, 1994, in Foster et al. RAP Working Papers 6: 174.—Lamas; Robbins &amp; Harvey, 1996. Rev. peruana Ent. 39: 69.—Robbins et al., 1996, in Wilson &amp; Sandoval. Manu, p. 246.—Lamas; Campos &amp; Ramírez. 2003. Marip. Zona Res. Allpahuayo–Mishana, Iquitos, p. 9.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 56, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 743.—Mielke; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande, 2010. Biota Neotrop. 10 (4): 296.—Mielke; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande, 2012. Acta Amaz. 42 (2): 255.</p><p>(no genus) antiope; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 80.</p><p>(no genus) lamus; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 180.</p><p>(no genus) tosca; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 276.</p><p>Telemiades amphion [misidentification]; Garwood et al., 2007. Butt. South. Amaz., p. 213, fig. (d).</p><p>Type material. Proteides antiope Plötz, 1882 was described based on the male holotype [specimen number 5039] from Pará [Brazil] and one additional specimen from Colombia. The holotype is deposited at the ZMHU and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Holotypus Nr./ 5039/ Pará Sieber./ antiope Pl. [?]/.</p><p>Plesioneura lamus Mabille, 1888 was described based on the female [holotype] from Óbidos [Pará, Brasil]. The holotype is deposited at the ZMHU and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Obidos Hhl./ 227./ Telem. lamus Mb. ♀ / Phemiades amphion Hübn. / HOLOTYPE ♀ Plesineura lamus Mabille 1888 G. Lamas det. 2000/.</p><p>Telemiades antiope tosca Evans (1953) was described based on one male [holo]type from Ega [Tefé], Amazonas [Brazil], and on three males and one female from Iquitos, Peru and São Paulo de Olivença and Tefé, Amazonas and two males and four females from Pará, Brazil. The male holotype is deposited at the NHMUK and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Type [verso from the same label:] tosca Evans/ avitus Cram. 35 a D/ Ega. Hewitson Coll. 79–89. Eudamus avitus . 1./ a 3 [label with the genitalia attached]/ 45/ BMNH(E) 1236492/.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 14–16 mm (n=31) and females 14–17 mm (n=7). Telemiades antiope resembles T. atlantiope Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov. but is distinguished by the following characters: smaller size; FW with cellular and discal hyaline spots with excavated margins; HW with darker submarginal spots; VHW with a darker spot on anal region; anterior projection of the saccus with anterior margin triangular; fultura inferior ventrally slightly expanded; dorsal opening of aedeagus 1/3 the length of aedeagus.</p><p>Variation. Specimens may vary in size and in the development of hyaline spots in FW.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades antiope occurs mainly in Amazon Forest areas, with records in Suriname, Peru, and Brazil (states of Acre, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, and Maranhão). There are some scarce records in Atlantic Forest areas of the Brazilian states of Pernambuco and Paraíba.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Godman (1907) considered Proteides antiope Plötz, 1882 as a variation of Telemiades amphion . Later, Mabille &amp; Boullet (1912) synonymized P. antiope (= antiopa [sic]) with T. amphion . This proposal was followed until Bell (1949) considered it a distinct species and altered its status. Although it resembles the species of the “ amphion group”, T. antiope differs phenotypically by lacking the costal spots in FW, in addition to the distinct morphology of the genitalia. Telemiades antiope tosca Evans, 1953, syn. nov. has been treated as a subspecies. Evans (1953) interpreted the reduction of the discal spots in FW as a good character to separate T. antiope antiope from T. a. tosca. A detailed study of the morphology of T. a. tosca and a comparison with specimens of T. a. antiope (including holotype), has revealed that there is variability in the size of the discal spots in FW. For this reason, T. a. tosca is here interpreted as a new synonym of T. antiope . Evans (1953) erroneously interpreted Telemiades lamus (Mabille, 1888), syn. nov. as a synonym of T. avitus (Stoll, 1781), probably due to the similarity between the females. However, T. lamus is here considered a new synonym of T. antiope, a hypothesis that has been corroborated after examination of the type material of both species.</p><p>Examined material. No data, 1 female (ZMHU).</p><p>PERU: Amazonas— Abra Wawajin, 780–850 m, 16–XI–1996, 1 male, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL); Rodríguez de Mendoza, 22–X–2002, 1500–2000 m, 1 female, B. Calderón leg., OM 60.854 (DZUP–OM). Loreto— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Castaña</a>, 150 m, 29–X–1993, 1 male, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Iquitos</a>, VI–1932, 1 male, G. Klug leg., NHMUK 010242382 (NHMUK) ; VIII–1932, 1 female, G. Klug leg., NHMUK 010242381 (NHMUK); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">El Milagro</a>, V–2016, 1 male, Ramírez, leg., OM 81.083 (DZUP–OM) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Picuroyacu</a>, IV–2016, 1 male, Ramírez leg., OM 80.226 (DZUP–OM) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana</a>, 170 m, 22–II–2002, 1 female, J. J. Ramírez leg. (MHNL) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Rio Sucussari</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Explornapo–Aceer</a>, 140 m, 22–IX–1995, 1 female, A. Caldas leg. (MHNL). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Madre</a> de Díos— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Alto Río</a> Madre de Díos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Albergue Amazonia</a>, 2,5 Km NE Atalaya, 12º 5’ 25’’ S, 71º 23’ W, 500 m, 2 males, 2–X–2011, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL) ; Alto Rio Madre de Díos, Erika Lodge, 550–650 m, 4–5–IX–1989, 2 males, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Parque Nacional del Manu</a>, Pakitza, 11° 55’ 48’’ S, 71° 15’ 18’’ W, 340 m, 3–V–1991, 1 female, D. J. Harvey leg. (MHNL) ; 2–X–1991, 1 female *, Mielke leg., DZ 26.158 (DZUP); 9–X–1991, 1 female, Mielke leg., DZ 26.161 (DZUP); 10–X–1991, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 26.163 (DZUP); Puerto Maldonado, Comunidad Infierno, 300 m, 16–17–X–1983, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 26.150 (DZUP); Puerto Maldonado, 1,5 Km NE, 200 m, 12–VI–1989, 1 female, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL); Reserva Tambopata, 300 m, 26–X–1990, 1 male, R. K. Robbins leg. (MHNL); 25–X–1991, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 26.159 (DZUP); Shintuya, 3.6 Km NE Albergue Pantiacolla, 12°39’21’’S, 71°13’53’’W, 400 m, 26–29–X–2016, 2 males, Mielke leg., OM 81.738 (DZUP–OM); 4–8–XI–2017, 5 males, Mielke leg., OM 85.798, OM 85.888, OM 85.518, OM 85.648, OM 85.506 (DZUP–OM). San Martín (Sacanche)—no specific locality, 5–IX–2012, 1 male, Calderón leg., OM 73.370 (DZUP–OM)</p><p>.</p><p>SURINAME: Brokopondo— Brokopondo, Berseba, 1898–9, 1 female, Michels leg. (ZMHU) .</p><p>BRAZIL: Amazonas— no specific locality, 1 male, DZ 8.608 (DZUP); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=66.06556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.556111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 66.06556/lat -2.556111)">Fonte Boa</a>, 80 m, 2°33’22’’S, 66°03’56’’O, 11–23–VIII–2011, 1 male, Emery leg., ex–coll. Emery, DZ 46.909 (DZUP) ; Manicoré, VIII–1937, 1 male, B. Pohl leg. (MZUSP) ; Maués, X–2007, 1 female, OM 69.147 (DZUP–OM) ; Rio Preto, 15–30–XI–2007, 2 males, OM 69.307, OM 69.328 (DZUP–OM) ; São Paulo de Olivença, 1 male, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242173 (NHMUK) . Acre— Bujari, 50 Km NO, 200 m, 20–23–VII–2004, 1 male, O.–C. Mielke leg., OM 64.440 (DZUP–OM) ; Mâncio Lima, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.664444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.447222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.664444/lat -7.447222)">Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor</a>, 7° 26’ 50’’ S, 73° 39’ 52’’ W, 10–21–IX–2011, 3 males, Dolibaina &amp; Moura leg., DZ 33.906, DZ 33.907, DZ 33.911 (DZUP) ; 20–27–VI–2013, 2 males, Mielke, Casagrande, Carneiro, Dias &amp; Dolibaina leg., DZ 33.909, DZ 33.914; 23–30–VIII–2014, 6 males, Mielke, Casagrande, Carneiro, Dias, Dolibaina, Siewert &amp; Salik leg., DZ 33.916, DZ 33.917, DZ 33.919, DZ 33.920, DZ 33.922, DZ 33.924 (DZUP); Porto Acre, Reserva Humaitá, 200 m, 8–10–IX–2004, 7 males, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 26.151*, DZ 26.152, DZ 26.153, DZ 26.154, DZ 26.156*, DZ 26.157, DZ 26.162 (DZUP) ; 21–IX–2003, 1 female, O.–C. Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 26.164 (DZUP); 28–31–VII–2008, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Csagrande leg., DZ 33.930 (DZUP); Santa Rosa do Purus, 9,2 Km SE, 6–8–VIII–2008, 6 males, Mielke &amp; Carneiro leg., DZ 26.166, DZ 26.167, DZ 26.168, DZ 26.169, DZ 26.170, DZ 26.171 (DZUP) ; Senador Guiomard, Reserva Catuaba, 200 m, 2–5–IX–2004, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 26.160 (DZUP) ; 3–5–X–2006, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 36.147 (DZUP); 23–27–VII–2008, 3 males, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 36.144, DZ 36.145, DZ 36.146 (DZUP) . Rondônia— Ariquemes, 10–20–VII–1989, 1 female, C. Mielke leg., OM 23.658 * (DZUP) ; 6–10–VIII–1978, 1 male, Furtado leg., DZ 26.165 (DZUP); Cacaulândia, 9–19–XI–1994, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 39.150 (DZUP) . Pará— No specific locality, 2 males and 3 females, A.M. Moss leg., NHMUK 010242384, NHMUK 010242386, NHMUK 010242383, NHMUK 010242385, NHMUK 010242387 (NHMUK) ; 1 female, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242170 (NHMUK) . Benevides, Neópolis, 18–19–IV–1993, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 34.596 (DZUP) ; Santo Antônio de Tauá, Reserva Sonho Azul, 3–II–2005, 1 male, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 26.172 (DZUP) ; 5–II–2005, 1 female, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 26.175 (DZUP); 15–II–2005, 1 male, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 26.179 (DZUP); 9–VII–2005, 1 male, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 26.178 (DZUP); 28–XI–2005, 1 male, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 26.174 (DZUP); 1–XII–2005, 1 female, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 26.176 (DZUP); 4–XII–2005, 1 male, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 26.173 (DZUP); 13–X–2008, 1 male, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 26.177 (DZUP) . Maranhão— Feira Nova do Maranhão, 26 Km L, Fazenda Forquilha dos <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.44167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.0080557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.44167/lat -7.0080557)">Brejos</a>, 7° 00’ 29’’ S, 46° 26’ 30’’ W, 15–25–II–2012, 1 male and 1 female, O.–C. Mielke leg., DZ 26.182*, DZ 26.183 (DZUP) . Paraíba— João Pessoa, 6–XII–1956, 1 male, DZ 11.478 (DZUP) . Pernambuco— Recife, Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos, 26–IX–2011, 1 male, D.H.A. Melo leg., DZ 33.936 (DZUP) ; São Lourenço da Mata, X–1975, 1 male, Kesselring leg., DZ 26.155 (DZUP) ; Tiúma, 9–VIII–1958, 1 male, H. Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.128 (DZUP) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF9EFFE3D790F8C3319EFE4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF99FFE1D790FE6C33D3FDDE.text	0383CD7AFF99FFE1D790FE6C33D3FDDE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades atlantiope Siewert, Mielke & Casagrande 2020	<div><p>Telemiades atlantiope Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 54–57, 156, 192, 211)</p><p>Telemiades antiope antiope [misidentification]; Núñez B., 2008. Trop. Lep. Res. 18 (2): 80.—Francini et al., 2011. Revta bras. Ent. 55 (1): 67.</p><p>Diagnosis. Telemiades atlantiope Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov. resembles T. antiope but is distinguished by the following characters: larger wingspan; tegumen shorter; valva longer; saccus with anterior projection round- ed; fultura inferior slightly expanded ventrally; dorsal opening of aedeagus 2/3 the length of aedeagus. The distribution pattern in Atlantic Forest areas also differs T. atlantiope from the other species of “ antiope group”. However, the females of T. atlantiope and T. xantho are phenotypically similar and occurs in sympatry, but could be distinguished by the development of the apical hyaline spots in FW (larger in T. xantho); by the dark spot in discal area in VFW in CuA 2 –2A (darker in T. xantho) and by the absence of the submarginal band in VFW in R 5 –2A.</p><p>Description. Head: frons and vertex brown, with a few cream scales. Eyes surrounded by white scales. Labial palpi with first and second segments dark brown and cream; third segment dark brown. Antennae dark brown, base of each segment cream, apical third ventrally cream; nudum of 19–21 segments.</p><p>Thorax: dorsally dark brown; ventrally dark brown and cream.</p><p>FW: length of males 13–18 mm (n=45) and females 17–19 mm (n=33). DFW (Figs 54, 56): ground color dark brown covered by yellowish sparse scales; four hyaline spots: two cellular (upper and lower), the first shorter, semitriangular in males and rectangular in females, and two discal in M 3 –CuA 1 and CuA 1 –CuA 2, the first oval in males and triangular in females in M 3 –CuA 1 and the latter oval in males with distal margin slightly excavated and rectangular in females in CuA 1 –CuA 2; three apical hyaline spots in R 3 –R 4, R 4 –R 5 e R 5 –M 1 with same size; dark brown discal spot in CuA 2 –2A; dark brown submarginal spots in M 1 –M 2, M 2 –M 3, M 3 –CuA 1, CuA 1 –CuA 2 and CuA 2 –2A.</p><p>DHW (Figs 54, 56): ground color dark brown covered by yellowish sparse scales; four dark brown rounded spots in Sc+R 1 –Rs, upper cell, lower cell and CuA 2 –2A; submarginal dark brown spots as an irregular band in Rs–CuA 2.</p><p>VFW (Figs 55, 57): as DFW; paler below CuA 2.</p><p>VHW (Figs 55, 57): as DHW; discal and submarginal spots more visible; dark brown spot in anal region.</p><p>Abdome: dorsally dark brown; ventrally dark brown and cream.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 156): tegumen rounded, distal margin with one pair of lateral apophysis with half size of uncus. Anterior projection of saccus triangular, anterior margin rounded. Uncus shorter, convex, about 1/3 the length of tegumen; distal margin with two lateral apophysis short and quadrate. Valva rectangular, twice as long as wide; costa rectangular; distal process of harpe triangular, with distal margin serrated and dorsal margin irregular; sacculus rectangular, about 1/3 the length of valva. Fultura inferior distally bifid, with distal margin rounded and ventral portion slightly expanded. Aedeagus cylindrical, sinuous on proximal half; insertion of manica in third proximal of aedeagus; opening for ejaculatory bulb rounded; distal margin truncated; opening for vesica dorsal, about 2/3 of size of aedeagus; cornuti as numerous spines, disposed in lines.</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 192): tergum VIII rounded; papilla analis covered by scales on apical third; posterior apophysis twice as longer than papilla. Lamella antevaginales rectangular. Lamela postvaginalis rectangular, distal margin slightly concave, forming two lobes. Ductus bursae membranous, sclerotized proximally of ostium, and with a sclerotized thin–like plate with 2/3 of its central length; corpus bursae membranous and globular, with same size of ductus; 2/3 of proximal region rough. Signa absent.</p><p>Variation. As in T. antiope, some specimens varies in wingspan and in the development of hyaline spots in FW.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades atlantiope sp. nov. occurs in Atlantic Forest areas, with records from the Brazilian states of Pernambuco to Santa Catarina, and in Missiones, Argentina.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the Atlantic Forest Biome, where this species is registered, in addition to its relationship to T. antiope .</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. The females of T. atlantiope sp. nov. resemble females of T. xantho . Additionally, both species occur in sympatry, which may hinder their correct identification. However, the size of the apical spots (larger in T. xantho), the presence of a dark brown discal spot in CuA 2 –2A and the absence of submarginal spots between R 5 –2A of VFW are external characters that distinguish T. atlantiope sp. nov. from T. xantho .</p><p>Type material. Holotype male deposited at DZUP with the following labels: / Holotypus / 21–IV–2007 Cacatu, Antonina, Paraná [Brazil], 10m, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg./ DZ 26.138 / Holotypus Telemiades atlantiope Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. Allotype female deposited at DZUP with the following labels: / Allotypus / 21– IV–1998, Cacatu, Antonina, P [a]R[aná] [Brazil], 10m O. Mielke leg./ OM 49.201 / Allotypus Telemiades atlantiope Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/.</p><p>Paratypes. No data, 1 female, NHMUK 010242417 (NHMUK); 1 male, 18/843 (MNRJ) .</p><p>BRAZIL: Pernambuco— Recife, Camaragibe, 7–IX–1951, 1 male and 1 female, H. Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 36.150, DZ 36.152 (DZUP); 2–XI–1961, 1 male, H. Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 46.917 (DZUP); 13–III– 1958, 1 female, H. Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 36.151 (DZUP) . Bahia— no specific locality, 1 male, NHMUK 010242415 (NHMUK); Camacan, Reserva Serra Bonita, 200 m , 3–10–XII–2016, 1 male, Mielke, Carneiro, Dias, Dolibaina &amp; Santos leg., DZ 46.913 (DZUP) ; Itanagra, 17–VI–2012, Linhares leg., DZ 33.925 (DZUP); Ubatã, 19–XII–1966, 1 female, Brown leg., DZ 26.120* (DZUP) . Espírito Santo— Baixo Guandú , VIII–1971, 1 female, C. &amp; C.T. Elias leg., DZ 26.122 (DZUP); Conceição da Barra, 25–IV–1968, 1 female, C. &amp; C.T. Elias leg., DZ 26.117 (DZUP); 8–VIII–1968, 1 female, C. &amp; C.T. Elias leg., DZ 26.119 (DZUP); 12–X–1968, 1 female, C. &amp; C.T. Elias leg., DZ 26.118 (DZUP); 25–III–1969, 1 female, C. &amp; C.T. Elias leg., DZ 26.115 (DZUP); 9–VIII–1969, 1 female, C. &amp; C.T. Elias leg., DZ 26.109 (DZUP); Linhares, 22–III–1973, 1 male, C. Elias leg., DZ 26.180 (DZUP); 16–22– V–1973, 1 female, C. Elias leg., DZ 26.116 (DZUP); 1–8–IX–1973, 1 male and 1 female, C. Elias leg., DZ 26.111, DZ 26.108 (DZUP); 17–22–IX–1973, 1 male, C. Elias leg., DZ 26.125 (DZUP); 24–29–IX–1973, 1 male, C. Elias leg., DZ 26.129 (DZUP); 5–III–1974, 2 males, C. Elias leg., DZ 26.121*, DZ 26.127 (DZUP); 4–VIII–1974, 1 female, C. Elias leg., DZ 26.124 (DZUP); V–1982, 1 male, C. Elias leg., DZ 26.112 (DZUP); Parque Companhia Vale Rio Doce, 19–VII–1977, 1 male, Mielke, Moure &amp; Elias leg., DZ 26.107 (DZUP) ; Sooretama, Reserva Ecológica Sooretama , 19–26–II–2013, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 33.937 (DZUP); Santa Teresa, 15–IX–1966, 1 female, C. &amp; C.T. Elias leg., DZ 26.123 (DZUP) . Rio de Janeiro— no specific locality, 1 male, NHMUK 010242416 (NHMUK) ; 1 male, 5034 (ZMHU); Cachoeiras de Macacu, Boca do Mato , 11–IX–1992, 1 female, Tangerini leg., ex–coll. Tangerini, DZ 33.935 (DZUP); 3–III–1999, 1 male, Tangerini leg., ex–coll. Tangerini, DZ 33.928 (DZUP); 28–IV–1999, 1 male, Tangerini leg., ex–coll. Tangerini, DZ 33.929 (DZUP); 30–III–2002, 1 male, Tangerini leg., ex–coll. Tangerini, DZ 33.939 (DZUP); 31–III–2002, 1 male, Tangerini leg., ex–coll. Tangerini, DZ 33.927 (DZUP); 3–IX–2004, 1 male, Tangerini leg., ex–coll. Tangerini, DZ 33.938 (DZUP); Petrópolis, Alto da Serra , 5–II–1961, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 4923 (DZUP) . São Paulo— Nova Granada , 10–II–1877, 1 female, O. Thieme leg., NHMUK 010242167 (NHMUK) . Paraná— Antonina, Cacatu, 10–20 m, 9–IV–1982, 1 female, Mielke leg., DZ 26.126 (DZUP); 28–IV–1994, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 37.538 (DZUP); 21–IV–1998, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 49.201 (DZUP); 21–IV–2001, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 26.138 (DZUP); Cedro, 18–IV–2013, 1 female, Mielke, Siewert &amp; Zacca leg., DZ 33.926 (DZUP) ; Foz do Iguaçu, XI–XII–1922, 1 male, NHMUK 010242418 (NHMUK) ; Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Céu Azul, 660 m , 31–I–2016, 2 males, Dolibaina, Warren &amp; Greve leg., DD 494, DD 495 (DD) ; Morretes, 10 m , 12–IV–1997, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 45.786 (DZUP–OM); 19–IV–1997, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 45.755 (DZUP); Morro Alto, 400 m , 8–IV–2000, 1 male and 3 females, Mielke leg., OM 51.927, OM 51.598, OM 51.612, OM 51.808 (DZUP–OM); 11–IV–2000, 3 males, Mielke leg., OM 51.486, OM 51.724, OM 51.731 (DZUP–OM); 14–IV–2000, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 51.672 (DZUP–OM); 31–III–2001, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 53.366 (DZUP–OM); 300 m, 31–III–2001, 2 males and 3 females, Mielke leg., OM 51.398, OM 53.374, OM 52.919, OM 53.003, OM 53.045 (DZUP–OM); 12–IV–2003, 2 females, Mielke leg., OM 60.689, OM 60.696 (DZUP–OM); 19–IV–2009, 1 female, Mielke leg., DZ 26.149 (DZUP); Paranaguá, Alexandra , 29–III–1971, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 26.101 (DZUP); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.93028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.829168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.93028/lat -23.829168)">São Pedro do Ivaí</a>, RPPN Barbacena 23º49’45’’S, 51º55’49’’W , 2–X–2012, 1 female, Exc. LABLEP, DZ 36.149 (DZUP); Terra Boa, 650 m , 16–XI–1975, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Rosado leg., DZ 26.110 (DZUP); Ventania, 12,5 Km N, 1000 m , 11–IV–2009, 1 male, O. &amp; C. Mielke leg., DZ 26.148 (DZUP) . Santa Catarina— Joinville, 1 male and 2 females, Schmidt leg., 18/841, 18/840, 18/842 (MNRJ) ; 200 m, 11–IV–1967, 1 female, Miers leg., DZ 26.104 (DZUP); 16–III–1969, 3 males, Mielke &amp; Miers leg., DZ 26.099, DZ 26.103, DZ 26.113 (DZUP); 25–IV–1971, 1 female, Miers leg., DZ 26.098 (DZUP); 22–II–1977, 1 male, Miers &amp; Mielke leg., DZ 26.106 (DZUP); 7–III–1979, 1 male, Miers leg., DZ 26.102 (DZUP); 22–III–1980, 1 male, Miers leg., DZ 26.100 (DZUP); 9–III–1981, 1 female, Mielke leg., DZ 26.105 (DZUP); II–1992, 1 female, Miers leg., OM 27.911 (DZUP–OM); São Bento do Sul, Rio Natal, 500 m , 8–IV–2014, 1 female, Rank leg., DZ 36.148 (DZUP); Schroeder, 16–III–1981, 1 male, Miers leg., DZ 26.114 (DZUP) .</p><p>ARGENTINA: Misiones— Almirante Brown, General Belgrano, Reserva Yacutinga, 2–5–III–2007, 17 males, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 26.130, DZ 26.131, DZ 26.132, DZ 26.133, DZ 26.134, DZ 26.135, DZ 26.136 DZ 26.137, DZ 26.139, DZ 26.140, DZ 26.141, DZ 26.142, DZ 26.143, DZ 26.144, DZ 26.145, DZ 26.146, DZ 26.147.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF99FFE1D790FE6C33D3FDDE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF9BFFEFD790FDDC31DDFF12.text	0383CD7AFF9BFFEFD790FDDC31DDFF12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades lamasi Siewert, Mielke & Casagrande 2020	<div><p>Telemiades lamasi Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 58–61, 157, 193, 211)</p><p>Telemiades antiope [misidentification]; Llorente–Bousquets; Luis–Martínez &amp; Vargas–Fernández, 1990. Publ. esp. Mus.Zool., Mexico, 1: 28.—J. de la Maza E.; White &amp; R. G. de la Maza E., 1991. Rev. Soc. Mex. Lep. 14: 17.— Greeney, 2009. Jour. Res. Lep. 41: 57; biol.— Beccaloni et al., 2008. Monografías Tercer Milenio 8: 102; host plant.— Janzen et al., 2011. PLoS ONE 6 (8): 12, 13, fig. 10 a, b, c (d).— Janzen et al., 2011. PLOS ONE 6 (8) (e19874): 12, 13, fig. 10 a, b, c (d).—Basset et al., 2015. PLOS ONE 10 (8) (e0136623), S1 App.</p><p>Diagnosis. Telemiades lamasi Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov. is the only known species of the “ antiope group” with records on Central America, and is distinguished by the following characters: FW with larger hyaline spots, distal margin of tegumen with two pairs of lateral apophysis, and distal margin of harpe slightly truncated and covered by a line of short spine–like projections.</p><p>Description. Head: frons and vertex brown, with a few cream scales. Eyes surrounded by white scales. Labial palpi with first and second segments dark brown and cream; third segment dark brown. Antennae dark brown, base of each segment cream, apical third ventrally cream; nudum of 21–22 segments.</p><p>Thorax: dorsally dark brown; ventrally dark brown and cream.</p><p>FW: length of males 17–18 mm (n=3) and females 18 mm (n=1). DFW (Figs 58, 60): ground color dark brown; four hyaline spots: two cellular (upper and lower), both rectangular, and two discal in M 3 –CuA 1 and CuA 1 –CuA 2; three apical hyaline spots in R 3 –R 4, R 4 –R 5 e R 5 –M 1 with same size.</p><p>DHW (Figs 58, 60): ground color dark brown; four dark brown rounded spots in Sc+R 1 –Rs, upper cell, lower cell and CuA 2 –2A; submarginal dark brown spots as an irregular band.</p><p>VFW (Figs 59, 61): as DFW; paler below CuA 2.</p><p>VHW (Figs 59, 61): as DHW; discal and submarginal spots more visible.</p><p>Abdome: dorsally dark brown; ventrally dark brown and cream.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 157): tegumen rounded, distal margin with two pair of lateral apophysis: the first shorter and rounded; the second with half size of uncus. Anterior projection of saccus triangular, anterior margin rounded. Uncus shorter, convex, about 1/3 the length of tegumen; distal margin with two lateral apophysis short and triangular. Valva rectangular, twice as long as wide; costa rectangular; distal process of harpe truncated and covered by small spine–like projections; sacculus rectangular, about 1/3 the length of valva. Fultura inferior distally bifid. Aedeagus cylindrical, sinuous on proximal half; insertion of manica in proximal third of aedeagus; opening for ejaculatory bulb rounded; distal margin truncated; opening for vesica dorsal and right, about 2/3 of size of aedeagus; cornuti as numerous spines, disposed in lines.</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 193): tergum VIII rectangular; papilla analis covered by scales in apical third; posterior apophysis twice as longer than papilla. Lamella antevaginalis triangular. Lamela postvaginalis rectangular, distal margin slightly concave, forming two lobes. Ductus bursae membranous, sclerotized proximally of ostium; corpus bursae membranous and globular, with same size of ductus; 2/3 of proximal region rough. Signa absent.</p><p>Variation. Some specimens could have a diminute discal spot in CuA 1 –CuA 2 in FW.</p><p>Natural history. Janzen &amp; Hallwachs (2009) partially illustrated the immatures stages of T. lamasi sp. nov. found at Area de Conservación de Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Immatures have been reported on some species of Fa- baceae: Cojoba valeroi, Inga acuminata, I. calixta, I. calixtonis, I. chocoensis, I. densiflora, I. edulis, I. exalata, I. herrerae, I. leiocalycina, I. longispica, I. oerstediana, I. punctata, I. samanensis, I. sapindoides, I. sertulifera, I. spectabilis, I. umbellifera, I. venusta, I. vera, Swartzia nicaraguensis, Zygia longifolia, and Z. palmana .</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades lamasi sp. nov. occurs in Central and South Americas, with records in Mexico, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and Peru.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named to honor Gerardo Lamas for his extensive contribution and dedication to our knowledge of many groups of Neotropical butterflies.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Several authors have mistakenly associated Telemiades lamasi sp. nov. with T. antiope (see catalogue). Despite the similarity between the two species, T. lamasi sp. nov. can be easily distinguished by several characters, mainly by the morphology of the genitalia of both sexes, and by its geographical distribution.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male deposited at DZUP–OM with the following labels: / HOLOTYPUS / 23–I–1994 Bajo Rodríguez, Tigra, Alajuela, C. Rica, Pagels leg./ OM 38.097 / Holotypus Telemiades lamasi Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. Allotype female deposited at MHNL with the following labels: / ALLOTYPUS / PERU, AM, Cordillera del Cóndor, alto Rio Comeina, PV 22, Falso Paquisha 800m 23.x [19]87 G. Lamas / Allotypus Telemiades lamasi Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det./.</p><p>Paratypes. NICARAGUA: no specific locality, 1 male, NHMUK 010242414 (NHMUK) .</p><p>COSTA RICA: Cartago— Turrialba, III–1973, 1 male, V.O. Becker leg., DZ 26.096* (DZUP) .</p><p>PANAMA: Panama— Arraiján, Madden Forest, C. 2., 20–VIII–1968, 1 male, Small leg., DZ 26.095 (DZUP) .</p><p>COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca— Bogota, 1918, 1 male, F. Apollinaire–Marie leg., NHMUK 010242166 * (NHMUK) .</p><p>ECUADOR: Esmeraldas— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.516945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.8838889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.516945/lat 0.8838889)">Alto Tambo</a>, Chuchuvi, 0º53’02’’N, 78º31’01’’W, 780m, VII–2017, 2 males , H.</p><p>Thony leg., OM 86.934*, OM 86.906 (DZUP–OM).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF9BFFEFD790FDDC31DDFF12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF95FFEFD790FE983632FCFE.text	0383CD7AFF95FFEFD790FE983632FCFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Papilio corbulo Cramer 1782	<div><p>“ corbulo group”</p><p>Species included:</p><p>Telemiades corbulo (Stoll, 1781) praestes Hewitson, 1876 (Eudamus)</p><p>Telemiades quammeni Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>Telemiades insulsus (Draudt, 1922), stat. rev.</p><p>Telemiades oiclus (Mabille, 1889) cora Evans, 1953 ( Telemiades)</p><p>The four species of the “ corbulo group” are characterized by the following characters: males with an oval androco- nial patch in VFW in CuA 2 –2A; DHW with a tuft of long hair–like scales in Sc+R 1 –Rs; DHW with an oval patch under the tuft of androconial scales; tegumen with two pairs of lateral apophysis; harpe with distal margin elongated and rounded, with serrated margin and dorsal process in a spine–like projection curved inwards; lamella postvagi- nalis rectangular, bifid, distal margin truncated; strongly sclerotized area proximally of corpus bursae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF95FFEFD790FE983632FCFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF95FFEAD790FB5B37BAFF3E.text	0383CD7AFF95FFEAD790FB5B37BAFF3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades corbulo (Stoll 1781) O. Mielke 1781	<div><p>Telemiades corbulo (Stoll, 1781)</p><p>(Figs 62–65, 158, 194, 212)</p><p>Papilio corbulo Stoll, 1781, in Cramer. Uitland. Kap. 4, p. 122, pl. 354A (d); Suriname; W. van der Meulen collection.—Stoll, 1782, in Cramer. Uitland. Kap. 4, Essai, p. 15.—Jung, 1791. Alphabet. Verz. 1, p. 138.</p><p>Celaenorrhinus corbulo; Hübner, [1819]. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 106.—Plötz, 1879. Stett. ent. Ztg. 40: 179.— Plötz, 1882. Berl. ent. Ztschr. 26: 253.</p><p>Hesperia corbulo; Verloren, 1837. Cat. Syst. Cramer, p. 131, 220.</p><p>Nisoniades corbulo; Westwood, 1852, in Doubleday. Gen. Diurn. Lep. 2, p. 520.—Ménétriés, 1855. Enum. Corp.Anim. Mus. Petrop., Lep. 1, p. 64; syn.: obscurus.</p><p>Achlyodes corbulo; Kirby, 1871. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., p. 632; syn.: obscurus.—H. Druce, 1876. Proc. zool. Soc. London, p. 249.—Kirby, 1880. Proc. r. Dublin Soc. 2: 329.—Reuter, 1896. Acta Soc. Sc. Fenn. 22: 194.—Weeks, 1901. Ill. unfig. Lep., p. 21.—Weeks, 1905. Ill. Diurn. Lep. 1, p. 21.—Weeks, 1911. Ill. Diurn. Lep. 2, p. XV.</p><p>Eudamus praestes Hewitson, 1876 . Ann. &amp; Mag. Nat. Hist. (4)18: 353; Cayenne, [French Guiana]; Hewitson collection.</p><p>Pellicia corbulo; Möschler, 1877. Verh. zool.–bot. Ges. Wien 26: 339; syn.: obscurus.</p><p>Telegonus praestes; Kirby, 1877. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., Suppl., p. 817.—Weeks, 1911. Ill. Diurn. Lep. 2, p. XIV.</p><p>Telemiades corbulo; Mabille, 1878. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 21: 27.— Burns &amp; Janzen, 2005. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington 107 (4): 770–781, figs 4–6 (male gen.), 15–18 (male, female d, v), 19 (hind wing d); syn.: insulsus, praestes; host plant.—Mielke; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande, 2012. Acta Amaz. 42 (2): 255.—Garwood &amp; Lehman, 2013. Butt. C. Amer. 3, Hesp., p. 65, figs (d, v).—Sambhu &amp; Nankishore, 2018. Zootaxa 4371: 14.</p><p>Eudamus proestes [sic]; Kirby, 1879. Cat. Coll. Diurn. Lep. Hewitson, p. 214.</p><p>Anastrus corbulo; Watson, 1893. Proc. zool. Soc. London, p. 54.—Lindsey, 1925. Denis. Univ. Bull., Jour. Sc. Lab. 21: 82, pl. 27, fig. 2 (male gen.).</p><p>Pyrdalus corbulo; Mabille, 1903, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 60.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 893, pl. 174e (d).—Lindsey, 1925. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 18: 99.— Williams &amp; Bell, 1933. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 59: 83, pl. 4, fig. 3 (male gen.); syn.: praestes .— Shepard, 1934. Lep. Cat. 64, p. 148; syn.: praestes .—Hall, 1939. Agric. Jour. Brit. Guiana 10: 223.—Hall, 1940. Ent. Bull. Brit. Guiana Dept. Agric. 3: 59.—K. Brown &amp; Mielke, 1967. Jour. Lep. Soc. 21: 164.—Ebert, 1968, in Silva et al. Quarto Cat. Ins. viv. Plantas Brasil 2 (2), p. 238; syn.: corbolo .—Lewis, 1973. Butt. World, p. 86, fig. 19 (female d), p. 248.—Lewis, 1975. Marip. Mundo, p. 86, fig. 19 (female d), p. 248.—de Jong, 1983. Tijd. Ent. 126: 241.—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 29, 59, 96; 2, p. 29; syn.: insulsus, praestes .—K. Brown, 1987. An. Prim. Simp. Pantanal, Brasília, p. 167.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 46, 91, 153; 2, p. 48; syn.: insulsus, praestes .—Austin; Brock &amp; Mielke, 1993. Trop. Lep. 4, Suppl. 2: 6; ecol.—Mielke &amp; Schröder, 1994. Senckenb. biol. 73: 136, fig. 5 (female gen.); syn.: insulsus .— Murray, 2000. Jour. Res. Lep. 35: 52.— Beccaloni et al., 2008. Monografías Tercer Milenio 8: 96; host plant.</p><p>Pyrdalus corbulo corbulo; Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 32, pl. 28 (male gen.); syn.: praestes, insulsus .— Mielke, 1973. Acta biol. paranaense 2: 28.—Th. Emmel &amp; Austin, 1990. Trop. Lep. 1: 8.— Mielke, 1993. Revta bras. Ent. 37: 614, fig. 22 (female gen.); syn.: insulsus .—Robbins et al., 1996, in Wilson &amp; Sandoval. Manu, p. 246.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 53, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.: praestes, insulsus, corbolo .— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 1, p. 7; 3, p. 664; syn.: praestes, proestes, insulsus, corbolo . —Gareca et al., 2006, in Gareca &amp; Reichle. Marip. diurn. Bolivia, p. 17.—Soares et al., 2011. Trop Lep. Res. 21 (2): 72.</p><p>Pyrdalus corbolo [sic]; Silva et al., 1968. Quarto Cat. Ins. viv. Plantas Brasil 2 (1), p. 319; host plant.—J. Zikán &amp; W. Zikán, 1968. Pesq. agropec. bras. 3: 62.</p><p>(no genus) corbulo; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 117.</p><p>(no genus) praestes; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 238.</p><p>Telemiades corbulo ssp. Mielke; Emery &amp; Pinheiro, 2008. Revta bras. Ent. 52 (2): 286.</p><p>Telemiades corbulo corbulo; Casagrande et al., 2012. Revta bras. Ent. 56 (1): 27.</p><p>Type material. Papilio corbulo Stoll, 1781 was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from Suriname in the der Meulen collection. In the same study, Stoll (1781) described Telemiades epicalus, which the syntypes were found at NBCN. However, no syntypes of P. corbulo were found in this museum. In order to stabilize the identity of this species, a male specimen is hereby designated neotype of Papilio corbulo . The chosen neotype specimen has the same morphological characteristics of the male illustrated by Stoll (1781, pl. 354A (d)) and is deposited at the DZUP with the following labels: / Neotypus / Brasil, Pará, S.[anto] Antonio de Tauá, Reserva Sonho Azul 19–III–2005 P. Jauffret leg./ Telemiades corbulo (Stoll, 1781) O. Mielke det. 2009/ Neotypus Papilio corbulo Stoll, 1781 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/ DZ 26.357/.</p><p>Eudamus praestes Hewitson, 1876, was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from Cayenne [French Guiana]. One male syntype was found at NHMUK with the same characteristics published in the original description, and illustrated in Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Type [verso from the same label:] praestes, Hew. / Type [verso from the same label:] H 720/ praestes / [red label]/ Cayenne. Hewitson Coll. 79–69. Eudamus praestes . 1./ BMNH(E) 1669512/. In order to stabilize the identity of this species, this male specimen is hereby designated lectotype of Eudamus praestes Hewitson, 1876 and the following labels will be attached: / Lectotypus / Lectotypus Eudamus praestes Hewitson, 1876 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. These labels will be sent to the curator for the collection.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 17–19 mm (n=15) and females 20–21 mm (n=6). Telemiades corbulo is distinguished from other species of this group by the following characters: ground color of males metalic blue and females lilac/purple; VFW of males with a creamy androconial patch in CuA 2 –2A; DHW with a tuft of long dark hair–like scales in Sc+R 1 –Rs and oval creamy patch under the tuft of androconial scales; uncus with distal margin concave; lamella antevaginalis rectangular, anterior margin rounded; lamella postvaginalis rectangular, bifid, distal margin truncated; corpus bursae with a strong sclerotized area.</p><p>Variation. The ground color varies in its intensity.</p><p>Natural history. Immatures have been reported on Inga sp. and Inga semialata (Mimosoidea) (Beccaloni et al. 2008) . Several males were collected using the Ahrenholz technique (Lamas et al. 1993) at National Park of Serra do Divisor, Mâncio Lima, Acre, Brazil.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades corbulo has been recorded in Panama, Peru, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Brazil, commonly found in Amazonian forested areas from Amazonia.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Papilio corbulo Stoll, 1781 has been transferred to Celaenorrhinus (Hübner [1819]), Hesperia (Verloren 1837), Nisoniades (Westwood 1852), Achlyodes (Kirby 1871), Pellicia (Möschler 1877), Telemiades (Mabille 1878) and Anastrus (Watson 1893) . Later, Mabille (1903) described Pyrdalus and designated P. corbulo as the type species of the genus. This proposal was followed until Burns &amp; Janzen (2005) considered Pyrdalus a junior synonym of Telemiades, consequently transferring the species again to the latter. As discussed by Burns &amp; Janzen (2005), T. corbulo and T. oiclus form a subgroup of Telemiades and, although they have unique characters (such as the secondary androconial organs in males), these features do not seem important enough to put them into a separate genus. The morphology of the male and female genitalia is characteristic of Telemiades . Its synonym, Eudamus praestes Hewitson, 1876, was transferred to Telegonus (Kirby 1877) and again to Eudamus (Kirby 1879) . Williams &amp; Bell (1933) synonymized E. praestes with Pyrdalus corbulo . After examination of the type material of E. praestes this synonym has been confirmed.</p><p>Examined material. No data: 1 male (NBC).</p><p>PANAMA: Chiriqui —no specific locality, 1 male (ZSM) .</p><p>PERU: no specific locality: 3 males and 2 females, NHMUK 010241986, NHMUK 010241988, NHMUK 010242023, NHMUK 010242024, NHMUK 010241987 (NHMUK). Loreto— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Agua Blanca</a>, 130 m, 22–IX–2003, 1 male, J. J. Ramírez leg. (MHNL) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Caballococha</a>, V–VII–1884, 1 male and 2 females, M. de Mathan leg., NHMUK 010241998, NHMUK 010242000, NHMUK 010242001 (NHMUK) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Contamana</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Contaya</a>, 200–600 m, XI–2005, 2 males, OM 67.976, OM 68.362 (DZUP–OM) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Iquitos</a>, VI–1932, 1 female, G. Klug leg., NHMUK 010241999 (NHMUK) ; IX–1932, 1 male, Goeldi leg., NHMUK 010242010 (NHMUK); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Pebas</a>, 1880, 1 female, M. de Mathan leg., NHMUK 010242007 (NHMUK). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Yurimaguas</a>, 1 female, DZ 12.428* (DZUP). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Madre</a> de Díos— Parque Nacional del Manu, Pakitza, 11° 55’ 48’’ S, 71° 15’ 18’’ W, 340 m, 2–X–1991, 1 female, R. Robbins leg. (MHNL) ; Shintuya, 3,3 Km NE, Albergue Pantiacolla, 12° 39’ 21’’S, 71° 13’ 53’’W, 4–8–XI–2017, 2 males, Mielke leg., OM 85.738, OM 85.948 (DZUP–OM); 18-22-VI-2019, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 89.280 (DZUP-OM). Ucayali— Pucallpa, XI–1981, 1 male, Schunke leg., OM 65.900 *, OM 65.907 (DZUP–OM)</p><p>.</p><p>BOLIVIA: Beni— Reyes, 7–VIII–1895, 1 male and 1 female, Stuart leg., NHMUK 010242002, NHMUK 010242003 (NHMUK) .</p><p>GUYANA: Rio Carimang, 1 female, H. Whitely leg., NHMUK 010241995 (NHMUK); Demerara— Demerara Castell, 1 female, NHMUK 010241997 (NHMUK); Rio Demerara, 1 female, NHMUK 010241996 (NHMUK) .</p><p>SURINAME: no specific locality, 1 male and 1 female (ZSM); Paramaribo — Paramaribo, VII–1892, 1 male, NHMUK 010241994 (NHMUK) .</p><p>FRENCH GUIANA: no specific locality, 1 female, C. Bar leg., NHMUK 010241989 (NHMUK) . Rimior, 27–III–1986, 1 female, Covell leg., OM 33.558 (DZUP–OM); Caiena, 4 males, NHMUK 010241990, NHMUK 010241991, NHMUK 010241992, NHMUK 010241993 (NHMUK) .</p><p>BRAZIL: no specific locality, 1 male, NHMUK 010242021 (NHMUK). Acre— Bujari, 50 Km NO, 200 m, 18–20–IX–2001, 1 male and 1 female, O.–C. Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 26.360, DZ 26.361 (DZUP) ; Mâncio Lima, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.664444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.447222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.664444/lat -7.447222)">Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor</a>, 7° 26’ 50’’ S, 73° 39’ 52’’ W, 200–400 m, 20–27–VI–2013, 1 male, Mielke, Casagrande, Carneiro, Dias &amp; Dolibaina leg., DZ 36.159 (DZUP); 23–30–VIII–2014, 1 male, Mielke, Casagrande, Carneiro, Dias, Dolibaina, Siewert &amp; Salik leg., DZ 36.157 (DZUP) ; Marechal Thaumaturgo, Foz do Rio Tejo, 23–VIII–1997, 1 male, Brown &amp; Freitas leg., OM 46.667 (DZUP–OM); Rio Juruá, 3–IX–1997, 1 male, Brown &amp; Freitas leg., OM 46.561 (DZUP–OM); Porto Acre, Reserva Humaitá, 200 m, 8–10–IX–2004, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 26.364 (DZUP) ; Senador Guiomard, Reserva Catuaba, 200 m, 27–VIII–5– IX–2011, 1 male, Dolibaina &amp; Moura leg., DZ 36.158 (DZUP). Amazonas— no specific locality, 1 male, NHMUK 010242008 (NHMUK), 2 females (ZSM) . Barcelos, Rio Negro, 30–VII–1927, 1 female, J. F. Zikán leg., OM 8.145 (DZUP) ; Manaus, 41 Km N, 24–IV–2002, 1 male, R. Vieira &amp; A. Reis leg., DZ 26.365 (DZUP) ; Maraã, II–1995, 1 male, M. Buchë leg., OM 43.205 (DZUP–OM); Nhamundá, Rio Nhamundá, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.04972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.8994445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.04972/lat -1.8994445)">Cupiranga</a>, 1° 53’ 58’’S, 57° 02’ 59’’W, 20–22–V–2008, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 26.359 (DZUP) ; Tapajós, 1 male and 1 female, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242004, NHMUK 010242009 (NHMUK); Tefé, 2 males and 1 female, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242019, NHMUK 010242006, NHMUK 010242005 (NHMUK). Bahia— no specific locality, 1 female, NHMUK 010242020 (NHMUK). Maranhão— Imperatriz, 12–VII–1974, 1 male, Exc. Depto. Zool., DZ 26.363 (DZUP). Mato Grosso— Chapada dos Guimarães, 1 female, H. H. Smith leg., NHMUK 010242022 (NHMUK). Pará— no specific locality, 1 male, Dr. Goeldi leg., NHMUK 010242011 (NHMUK); 2 males and 2 females, A. M. Moss leg., NHMUK 010242013, NHMUK 010242014, NHMUK 010242012, NHMUK 010242015 (NHMUK); 1 male, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242017 (NHMUK) . Acará, Alça Viária, 8–VII–2007, 1 male, Jauffret &amp; Jauffret leg., DZ 26.366 (DZUP) ; Belém, 20 m, I–1984, 1 male, Becker leg., OM 50.802 (DZUP–OM); Parque Estadual do Utinga, 1 female, Roppa &amp; Mielke leg., 100/392 (MNRJ) ; Santa Bárbara do Pará, 2–3–II– 2010, 1 female, Carneiro, Dolibaina, Dias &amp; Moreira leg., DZ 26.358 (DZUP); Santo Antônio do Tauá, Reserva Sonho Azul, 11–I–2005, 1 male, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 26.356 (DZUP); 19–III–2005, 1 male, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 26.357 (DZUP) ; Santarém, 1 male and 1 female, H. H. Smith leg., NHMUK 010242018 NHMUK 010242016 (NHMUK). Rondônia— Cacaulândia, 8–19–XI–1994, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 39.334 (DZUP–OM). Roraima— Amajari, Tepequem, 1-15-XII-2016, 1 male, Boldrini &amp; Rafael leg., DZ 47.081 (DZUP) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF95FFEAD790FB5B37BAFF3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF90FFEBD790FEFC31DFFC0E.text	0383CD7AFF90FFEBD790FEFC31DFFC0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades quammeni Siewert, Mielke & Casagrande 2020	<div><p>Telemiades quammeni Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 66–69, 159, 195, 212)</p><p>Diagnosis. Telemiades quammeni Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov. is easily distinguished from other species of the “ corbulo group” by the ground color brown in both sexes, without bluish or purple reflections. Besides, it’s the only known species of the group with records in Atlantic Forest areas.</p><p>Description. Head: frons and vertex dark brown. Eyes surrounded by white scales. Labial palpi with first and second segments dark brown and greyish; third segment dark brown. Antennae dark brown, base of each segment ventrally cream from the second half towards apiculus; nudum of 25–27 segments.</p><p>Thorax: dorsally dark brown; ventrally dark brown and greyish.</p><p>FW: length of males 19–21 mm (n=12) and females 21–24 mm (n=10). DFW (Figs 66, 68): ground color dark brown in males and light brown in females; dark spot on basal area extending until the half of wing; six dark brown submarginal spots in R 5 –M 1, M 1 –M 2, M 2 –M 3, M 3 –CuA 1, CuA 1 –CuA 2 and CuA 2 –2A; three apical hyaline spots in R 3 –R 4, R 4 –R 5 and R 5 –M 1, the last smaller.</p><p>DHW (Figs 66, 68): ground color dark brown in males and light brown in females; dark spot in basal area; submarginal dark brown spots as an irregular band in Rs–M 1, M 1 –M 2, M 2 –M 3, M 3 –CuA 1, CuA 1 –CuA 2 and CuA 2 – 2A; males with a tuft of long dark hair–like scales in Sc–R 1 –Rs; oval greyish patch under the tuft of androconial scales.</p><p>VFW (Figs 67, 69): as DFW; ground color dark brown; spots darker; males with oval cream patch below CuA 2 –2A.</p><p>VHW (Figs 67, 69): as DHW; ground color light brown; spots darker.</p><p>Abdome: dorsally dark brown; ventrally dark brown and greyish.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 159): tegumen rounded; distal margin with two pairs of lateral apophysis with half size of uncus. Anterior projection of saccus triangular, anterior margin rounded. Uncus shorter, about 1/2 the length of tegumen; distal margin with two lateral apophysis rounded with median region truncated. Valva rectangular, twice as long as wide; costa rectangular; distal process of harpe long and rounded, with margin serrated and dorsal process with a spine–like projection curved inwards; sacculus rectangular, about 1/2 the length of valva. Fultura inferior distally bifid, with distal margin rounded and base truncated. Aedeagus cylindrical, insertion of manica the middle of aedeagus; opening for ejaculatory bulb rounded; distal margin truncated; opening for vesica dorsal, about 1/3 of size of aedeagus; cornuti as numerous spines, all with same size.</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 196): tergum VIII rounded; papilla analis covered by scales on apical third; posterior apophysis with same size of papilla. Lamella antevaginalis rectangular. Lamela postvaginalis rectangular and bifid, distal margin truncated. Ductus bursae membranous, sclerotized proximally of ostium, corpus bursae membranous and globular, with same size of ductus; signa absent.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades quammeni sp. nov. occurs in Altantic Forest areas, being registered from the Brazilian states of Pernambuco to Paraná.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named to honor David Quammen, an American science, nature and travel writer, and author of several books, including “The Song of the Dodo”, “Spillover”, and “The Flight of the Iguana”.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Telemiades quammeni sp. nov. is easily distinguished from the other species of the “ corbulo group” by the absence of blue and purple reflections on DW, and to the distribution restricted to the Atlantic Forest. In addition, there is a significant difference in the morphological patterns of the male and female genitalia when compared to the other species of the “ corbulo group”.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male deposited at DZUP–OM with the following labels: / HOLOTYPUS / Cacatu, Antonina P [a]R[aná] [Brazil], 25–IV–87 20m, Mielke leg./ OM 14.182 / Holotypus Telemiades quammeni Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. Allotype female deposited at DZUP with the following labels: / ALLOTYPUS / Alexandra Paraná—Brasil 12–IV–1969 O. Mielke leg./ DZ 26.385/ Allotypus Telemiades quammeni Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/.</p><p>Paratypes. BRAZIL: Pernambuco— Recife, Camaragibe, 2–X–1968, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.387 (DZUP) . Bahia— Camacan, Serra Bonita, 27–XI–14–XII–2005, 1 male, Emery leg., ex–coll. Emery, DZ 34.043 (DZUP) ; Mucuri, 20–VI–1968, 1 female, C. Elias leg., DZ 26.382 (DZUP) . Espírito Santo— Conceição da Barra, 5–IV–1968, 1 female, C. &amp; C. T. Elias leg., DZ 2.952* (DZUP) ; 4–IX–1969, 1 male, C. &amp; C. T. Elias leg., DZ 26.377 (DZUP); 10–IX–1969, 1 female, C. &amp; C. T. Elias leg., DZ 26.384 (DZUP); XII–1985, 1 male, Elias leg., DZ 26.371 (DZUP); Linhares, 28–III–1970, 1 male, C. Elias leg., DZ 26.372 (DZUP) ; 9–14–IV–1973, 1 female, C. Elias leg., DZ 26.380 (DZUP); 11–16–VI–1973, 1 male, C. Elias leg., DZ 3.846* (DZUP); 25–30–VI–1973, 1 male and 2 females, C. Elias leg., DZ 26.376, DZ 26.383, DZ 26.391 (DZUP); 12–17–VIII–1974, 1 male, C. Elias leg., DZ 26.375 (DZUP); 19–24–VIII–1974, 1 female, C. Elias leg., DZ 26.381 (DZUP); XI–1978, 1 male, C. Elias leg., DZ 26.373 (DZUP) . Minas Gerais— Marliéria, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, 200 m, 14–XII–1972, 1 male, H. &amp; H. D. Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.379 (DZUP) ; 15–XII–1972, 1 male, H. &amp; H. D. Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.378 (DZUP); 350 m, 8–9–III–1994, 2 males, Mielke leg., DZ 26.388, DZ 26.389 (DZUP) . Rio de Janeiro— Angra dos Reis, VI–1934, 1 female, Travassos leg., OM 12.773 * (DZUP–OM) ; Cachoeiras de Macacu, Boca do Mato, 17–V–1992, 1 female, N. Tangerini leg., ex–coll. Tangerini, DZ 36.137 (DZUP) ; Duque de Caxias, Imbariê, 150 m, 15–II–1966, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.390 (DZUP) ; 16–II–1966, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.386 (DZUP); Petrópolis, 16–V–1969, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, OM 39.543 * (DZUP–OM) . Paraná— Antonina, Cacatu, 20 m, 20–IV–1987, 1 female, Mielke leg., DZ 14.044 (DZUP) ; 25–IV–1987, 2 males and 2 females, Mielke leg., OM 14.162, OM 14.163, DZ 14.181, DZ 14.183* (DZUP–OM); 15–IV–2003, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 60.752 (DZUP–OM); Paranaguá, Alexandra, 12–IV–1969, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 26.374 (DZUP) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.533054&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.533054/lat -22.983334)">Querência do Norte</a>, RPPN Fazenda da Mata, 22° 58’ 60’’ S, 53º 31’ 59’’ W, 5–X–2012, 1 male, LABLEP leg., DZ 36.136 (DZUP) ; RPPN <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.595276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.093613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.595276/lat -23.093613)">Fazenda Santa Fé</a>, 23° 05’ 37’’S, 53° 35’ 43’’W, 11–12-IX-2018, 7 males, Casagrande, Mielke, Carneiro &amp; Orlandin leg., DZ 47.101, DZ 47.102, DZ 47.092, DZ 47.091, DZ 47.112, DZ 47.111, DZ 47.113 (DZUP) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF90FFEBD790FEFC31DFFC0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF91FFE8D790FBAC373FFE86.text	0383CD7AFF91FFE8D790FBAC373FFE86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades insulsus (Draudt 1922) Siewert & Mielke & Casagrande 2020	<div><p>Telemiades insulsus (Draudt, 1922), stat. rev.</p><p>(Figs 70–73, 160, 196, 212)</p><p>Pythonides insulsus Draudt, 1922, in Draudt. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 887, pl. 173f (d); 1 female [holotype], S. Brazil; Seitz collection.</p><p>Quadrus insulsus; Shepard, 1934. Lep. Cat. 64, p. 166.</p><p>(no genus) insulsus; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 169.</p><p>Bolla phylo oiclus; Pinheiro et al., 2010, in Diniz et al. Cerrado, p. 235, 237.</p><p>Type material. Pythonides insulsus Draudt, 1922 was described based on one female [holotype] from South Brazil in Seitz collection. The female holotype is deposited at the SMT with the following labels: / S. Bras. Stgr/ Type/ insulsus . / Holo–Typus/ Gen. prep. Mielke 1979/ Holotypus Pythonides insulsus Draudt, 1922 O Mielke det. 1979/.</p><p>Diagnosis. Telemiades insulsus is distinguished from other species of the “ corbulo group” by the ground color light brown without bluish and purple reflections in both sexes and by the apical hyaline spots irregular in females. Additionally, T. insulsus is the only known species of the “ corbulo group” restricted to Brazilian Cerrado.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades insulsus occurs in areas of the Brazilian Cerrado, with records in the states of Mato Grosso, Goiás, Distrito Federal, and Minas Gerais.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Pythonides insulsus Draudt, 1922 was synonymized with T. corbulo by Evans (1953) and remained a synonym of it. Mielke (1993) and Mielke &amp; Schroeder (1994) dissected and illustrated the genitalia of the holotype of P. insulsus . The genitalia are very different from that of T. corbulo but it has the phenotypic pattern of the females of the “ corbulo group”. Mielke (1993) suggested that the dissected abdomen may belong to another species. The irregular hyaline marks in the female holotype of P. insulsus is a constant feature in specimens from the Brazilian Cerrado. In addition, males from the same location are also similar to their female counterparts, and the morphology of the male and female genitalia of these individuals differs from other species of the corbulo group. Thus, T. insulsus stat. rev. is here interpreted as a distinct species from the other species of the same group, and its status is revalidated.</p><p>Examined material. BRAZIL: Mato Grosso— Barra dos Bugres, 11–V–1974, 1 male, Furtado leg., OM 25.790 * (DZUP–OM); Chapada dos Guimarães, Buriti, 600 m, 27—VI–1972, 1 male and 1 female, Mielke &amp; Brown leg., DZ 26.370, DZ 26.368 (DZUP); Diamantino, Fazenda São João, Rio Arinos, 300–400 m, 5–IX–1971, 1 female , Furtado leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.362* (DZUP). Goiás— Iporã, 22 Km O, 420 m, 21–VI–1972, 1 male , Mielke &amp; Brown leg., DZ 8.814 (DZUP); Piracanjuba, 3–II–1970, 1 male , Brown leg., OM 65.955 (DZUP). Distrito Federal— Rio Maranhão, 27–VII–2001, 1 male , Emery leg., DZ 33.083 (DZUP). Minas Gerais— Paracatu, 16–VI–1972, 2 males , Mielke &amp; Brown leg., DZ 26.367, DZ 26.369 (DZUP).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF91FFE8D790FBAC373FFE86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF92FFE9D790FE2430FAFEDA.text	0383CD7AFF92FFE9D790FE2430FAFEDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades oiclus (Mabille 1889)	<div><p>Telemiades oiclus (Mabille, 1889)</p><p>(Figs 74–77, 197, 212)</p><p>Achlyodes oiclus Mabille, 1889 . Le Nat. (2)3 (45): 25; 1 female [holotype], Chiriqui, [Panama]; Staudinger collection.—Godman &amp; Salvin, 1895. Biol. Centr.–Amer., Lep.–Rhop. 2, p. 396; 3, pl. 86, figs 20, 21 (female d, v).— Mabille, 1903, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 64.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 901.— Steinhauser, 1989. Bull. Allyn Mus. 127: 53.</p><p>Ouleus oiclus; Shepard, 1934. Lep. Cat. 64, p. 177.</p><p>Bolla phylo oiclus; Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 80.—K. Brown &amp; Mielke, 1967. Jour. Lep. Soc. 21: 164.—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 85; 2, p. 5.—K. Brown, 1987. An. Prim. Simp. Pantanal, Brasília, p. 167.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 135; 2, p. 8.</p><p>Pyrdalus corbulo cora Evans, 1953 . Cat.Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 32; male [holo] type, 1845, Honduras, Dyson leg.; BM(NH).— Steinhauser, 1975. Bull. Allyn Mus. 29: 32.—Bridges, 1973. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 29; 2, p. 29.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 46; 2, p. 48.—Austin et al., 1999. Trop. Lep. 9, Suppl. 2: 15.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 53, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 665.</p><p>(no genus) cora; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 117.</p><p>(no genus) oiclus; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 218.</p><p>Bolla oiclus oiclus; Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 44, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 456.</p><p>Telemiades oiclus; Burns &amp; Janzen, 2005. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington 107 (4): 771, 780, figs 1–3 (male gen.), 7, 8 (female gen.), 11–14 (male, female d, v), 20 (hind wing, male), 21 (pupa), 22 (larva), syn.: cora; host plant.—J. Miller et al., 2012. Insecta Mundi 205: 41.—Garwood &amp; Lehman, 2013. Butt. C. Amer. 3, Hesp., p. 65, figs (d, v).</p><p>Bolla oiclus; Garwood &amp; Lehman, 2005. Butt. Northeastern Mexico, p. 183.—Basset et al., 2015. PLOS ONE 10 (8) (e0136623), S1 App.</p><p>Type material. Achlyodes oiclus Mabille, 1889 was described based on one female [holotype] from Chiriqui [Panama] in the Otto Staudinger collection. The female holotype is deposited at the ZMHU with the following labels: / Origin./ Chiriqui Fr./ Achl. oiclus Mb. ♀ / Achlyodes oiclus B. C. A. Rh. Ii. p. 396./ oiclus Mab. / GEN. PREP., MIELKE 1996/.</p><p>Pyrdalus corbulo cora Evans, 1953, was described based on the male [holo]type from Honduras, and on a couple from the same locality. The male holotype is deposited at the NHMUK with the following labels: / Type [verso from the same label:] cora Evans/ Honduras [verso from the same label:] 45 123/ Honduras. Dyson. 45–123./ [label with genitalia attached]/ BMNH(E) 1236499/.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 19 mm (n=1) and females 21 mm (n=1). Telemiades oiclus is distinguished from other species of the genus by the following characters: VFW of males with a dark yellow androconial patch in CuA 2 –2A; DHW with a tuft of long cream hair–like scales in Sc+R 1 –Rs; oval yellowish patch under the tuft of androconial scales; yellowish patch covering more than posterior half of VHW; uncus with distal margin convex.</p><p>Natural history. Immatures have been reported on Dioclea malacocarpa and D. wilsonii (Fabaceae) (Janzen &amp; Hallwachs 2009). Burns &amp; Janzen (2005) and Janzen &amp; Hallwachs (2009) illustrated all the immature stages of T. oiclus .</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades oiclus occurs in Central America, with records in Honduras, Costa Rica, and Panama.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. After its description, Achlyodes oiclus Mabille, 1889 was transferred to Ouleus Lindsey, 1925 by Shepard (1934). Later, Steinhauser (1989) returned the species to Achlyodes Hübner, [1819] . Evans (1953) erroneously interpreted Achlyodes oiclus as a subspecies of Bolla phylo . Analysis of the material deposited in the NHMUK, revealed that the specimen studied by Evans is Staphylus lizeri album Steinhauser, 1989 . In the same study, Evans (1953) described Pyrdalus corbulo cora . Recently, Burns &amp; Janzen (2005) transferred the name oiclus to Telemiades and synonymized P. c. cora with T. oiclus . The examination of the holotype of P. c. cora confirms the synonymy. As discussed by Burns &amp; Janzen (2005), T. oiclus forms a subgroup of Telemiades together with T. corbulo, T. insulsus and T. quammeni . Although they exhibit unique characters within the genus, such as androconial organs on the wings of the male, the morphology of the male and female genitalia is characteristic of Telemiades .</p><p>Examined material. No data: 1 female, OM 40.663* (DZUP–OM).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF92FFE9D790FE2430FAFEDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF93FFF6D790F94B37CDFD6E.text	0383CD7AFF93FFF6D790F94B37CDFD6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades epicalus Hubner 1819	<div><p>“ epicalus group”</p><p>Species included:</p><p>Telemiades choricus (Schaus, 1902)</p><p>Telemiades epicalus Hübner, [1819] phasias Hewitson, 1867 (Eudamus) arcturus Herrich–Schäffer, 1869 (Telemiades)</p><p>potomoni Ehrmann, 1907 (Eumesia) diores Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912 (Telemiades) var. obscurus Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912 ( Telemiades diores) punctatus Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1917 (Echelatus) syn. nov., comb. nov. crameri Evans, 1953, nom. nud.</p><p>Telemiades sila Evans, 1953</p><p>Telemiades dawkinsi Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>Telemiades warreni Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>Telemiades mielkei Siewert &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>The “ epicalus group” is composed of six species recognized by the following characters: ground color yellowish in males and dark brown with purple reflections in females; uncus long, with same size or longer than tegumen; costa of the valva covered by small spines on internal margin; valva with dorso–distal margin in a triangular process, similar as a spine; valva with distal margin rounded and serrated; aedeagus slightly sinuous laterally; lamella anteveginalis triangular, twive as long as wide; dusctus bursae dilatated and striated near corpus bursae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF93FFF6D790F94B37CDFD6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF8CFFF7D790FB7E30FFF8F6.text	0383CD7AFF8CFFF7D790FB7E30FFF8F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades choricus (Schaus 1902)	<div><p>Telemiades choricus (Schaus, 1902)</p><p>(Figs 78–81, 161, 198, 213)</p><p>Graius [sic] choricus Schaus, 1902 . Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 24: 429; female type, n° 5.974, Paso de San Juan, [Veracruz], Mexico; USNM.</p><p>Grais choricus; Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 897.— Shepard, 1934. Lep. Cat. 64, p. 172.—C. Hoffmann, 1941. An. Inst. Biol., Mexico, 12: 255.—C. Hoffmann, 1976. Publ. Esp. Soc. Mex. Lep. 1: 129.</p><p>Telemiades epicalus megallus [misidentification]; Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 27, pl. 27 (male gen.).—Evans, 1956. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 4, Add. (sep., 1956), p. 2.—J. de la Maza E. &amp; R. G. de la Maza E., 1985. Rev. Soc. Mex. Lep. 9: 42.—R. F. de la Maza R., 1987. Marip. Mexicanas, p. 148, pl. 66, fig. 7 (male d).—Maes et al., 1999, in Maes. Cat. Ins. Art. Nicaragua 3, p. 1259.</p><p>Grais stigmaticus choricus; Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 179.—Okano, 1981. Tokurana 1: 101.—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 25; 2, p. 15.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 40; 2, p. 24.—Maes et al., 1999, in Maes. Cat. Ins. Art. Nicaragua 3, p. 1270.</p><p>(no genus) choricus; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 111.</p><p>Telemiades choricus; Steinhauser, 1989. Bull. Allyn Mus. 127: 14, figs 13, 14 (male d, v), 15, 16 (female d, v), 74 (male gen.), 103 (female gen.).—Llorente–Bousquets; Luis–Martínez &amp; Vargas–Fernández, 1990. Publ. esp. Mus. Zool., Mexico, 1: 28.—J. de la Maza E.; White &amp; R. G. de la Maza E., 1991. Rev. Soc. Mex. Lep. 14: 17.—R. G. de la Maza E. &amp; J. de la Maza E., 1993. Marip. Chiapas, p. 207.—Llorente–Bousquets et al., 1995. Rev. Soc. Mex. Hist. Nat. 46: 39.—Var-gas–Fernández et al., 1996. Jour. Lep. Soc. 50: 109.—Warren et al., 1996. Dugesiana 3 (1): 4.—Austin et al., 1999. Trop. Lep. 9, Suppl. 2: 16.—Warren &amp; Llorente–Bousquets, 1999. Dugesiana 6: 21.—Warren, 2000, in Llorente; González &amp; Papavero (eds). Biodiv., Tax., Biogeogr. Art. Mex. 2, p. 550.—Luis–Martínez et al., 2003. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 105: 222.—Llorente et al., 2004. Jour. Lep. Soc. 58: 208.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 56, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A.—Luis Martínez et al., 2004, in García– Mendoza; Ordóñez &amp; Briones–Salas. Biodiv. Oaxaca, p. 353.—Garwood &amp; Lehman, 2005. Butt. Northeastern Mexico, p. 132, figs (d), 186.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 744.—Glassberg, 2007. Swift Guide Butt. Mexico and C. America, p. 179, figs (male, female d, v); host plant.—Luis Martínez et al., 2011, in Cruz A. (ed.). Biodiv. Veracruz. Apénd. VIII.25, p. 4.—Luis–M., Salinas–G. &amp; Llorente–B., 2011, in Álvarez (coord.). Chiapas: estudios diversidad biol., Inst. Biol., UNAM, Mexico, p. 387.—Garwood &amp; Lehman, 2013. Butt. C. Amer. 3, Hesp., p. 62, figs (male d, v, female v).—Luis–Martínez et al., 2016. Southw. Ent. 41 (1): 189.</p><p>Telemiades megallus [misidentification]; Glassberg, 2007. Swift Guide Butt. Mexico and C. America, p. 179, figs (male, female d, v); host plant.—Garwood &amp; Lehman, 2013. Butt. C. Amer. 3, Hesp., p. 62, figs (male d, v, female v).</p><p>Type material. Graius [sic] choricus Schaus, 1902 was described based on the female [holo]type from Paso de San Juan, México. The female holotype is deposited at the USNM with the following labels: / Paso San Juan, V. Cruz./ Collection W. Schaus / not [?]/ Graius choricus type Sch/ Type No. 5974 U.S. N.M./.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 19–20 mm (n=18) and females 22–23 mm (n=4). Telemiades choricus is the only known species of the “ epicalus group” occurying in Central America. The males have the aedeagus with dorso–lat-eral left margin serrated and VHW of females with a whitish patch covering half of its posterior surface.</p><p>Natural history. Immatures of T. choricus were erroneously illustrated as T. megallus by Janzen &amp; Hallwachs (2009) at Area de Conservación de Guanacaste, Costa Rica. The specimens were registered on the following Inga (Fabaceae) species: I. edulis, I. leiocalycina, I. mortoniana, I. oerstediana, I. punctata, I. samanensis, I. sapindoides, I. spectabilis e I. umbellifera .</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades choricus occurs in Central America, with records from Mexico to Panama, and one single record in Colombia.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Evans (1953: 179) interpreted Grais choricus Schaus, 1902 as a subspecies of G. stigmaticus (Mabille, 1883) . In the same study, Evans (1953: 27, plate 27) illustrated the male genitalia of T. choricus and misinterpreted it as T. epicalus megallus . This probably happened because females of T. choricus and males of T. megallus are very similar externally. Subsequently, Steinhauser (1989: 14, figures 13–16) transferred the species to Telemiades, describing and illustrating in detail the male and female of T. choricus and the male of T. megallus .</p><p>Examined material. MEXICO: Guerrero— no specific locality, 1 female, O. T. Baron leg., NHMUK 010242085 (NHMUK). Chiapas— San Quintin, 20–26–XI–1973, 1 male, R. Wind leg. (OUMNH). Jalisco— Atoyac, 1 male, H.H.S. May leg., NHMUK 010242117 (NHMUK); 1 female, H.H.S. May leg., NHMUK 010242118 (NHMUK). Oaxaca— Candelaria Loxicha, 500 m , 15–VII–1972, 1 male, Welling leg., DZ 25.872 (DZUP); 4–VIII–1972 *, 1 male, Welling leg., DZ 25.869 (DZUP); 15–VIII–1972, 1 male, Welling leg., DZ 25.865 (DZUP); 16–IX–1972, 1 male, Welling leg., DZ 25.871 (DZUP); 7–IX–1973, 1 male, Welling leg., OM 44.214 (DZUP–OM); 2–VI–1974, 1 female, Welling leg., DZ 25.874 (DZUP); 23–VII–1975, 1 female, Welling leg., DZ 25.867 (DZUP); 25–VII–1976, 1 male, Welling leg., DZ 25.870* (DZUP); 26–VII–1976, 1 male, Welling leg., DZ 25.873 (DZUP); 5–IX–1976, 1 male, Welling leg., DZ 25.866 (DZUP); 19–III–1978, 1 male, Welling leg., OM 44.062 (DZUP–OM); 3–VIII– 1978, 1 male, Welling leg., OM 44.255 (DZUP–OM); 5–VIII–1978, 1 male, Welling leg., DZ 25.868 (DZUP); 19–VIII–1978, 1 female, Welling leg., OM 44.070 (DZUP–OM); 4–IX–1978, 1 male, Welling leg., OM 44.311 (DZUP–OM); 24–IX–1978, 1 male, Welling leg., OM 44.102 (DZUP–OM); 28–VII–1982, 1 male, Welling leg., OM 44.079 * (DZUP–OM); 27–VIII–1982, 1 female, Welling leg., OM 44.039 * (DZUP–OM); 28–VIII–1983, 1 male, Welling leg., OM 43.695 (DZUP–OM); 10–X–1983, 1 male, Welling leg., OM 43.552 (DZUP–OM); Chimalapa, VIII–52, 1 male, T. Escalante leg., (OUMNH). Quintana Roo — Playa del Carmen, Ak’luum, 3 Km, 1– 15–IX–2012, 1 female, OM 88.621 (DZUP–OM); 3 Km N Río Secreto, 30–I–4–II–2017, 2 males, OM 88.720, OM 88.640 (DZUP–OM); Nuevo X–Can , 9–VII–1965, 1 male, Welling leg., OM 44.902 (DZUP–OM); 29–V–1967, 1 male, Welling leg., OM 44.844 (DZUP–OM). Veracruz— no specific locality, 1 female, H.H.S. May leg., NHMUK 010242084 (NHMUK). Catemaco, IX–1957, 1 female, T. Escalante leg. (OUMNH); Presidio, VIII–40, 1 female, T. Escalante leg. (OUMNH) .</p><p>HONDURAS: no specific locality, 1 female, ex–coll. Hamilton Druce, NHMUK 010242086 (NHMUK) .</p><p>NICARAGUA: Chontales— no specific locality, 1 male, T. Belt leg., NHMUK 010242083 (NHMUK) .</p><p>PANAMA: Chiriquí— no specific locality, 1 male (ZMHU) .</p><p>COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca — no specific locality, 1 male (ZSM) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF8CFFF7D790FB7E30FFF8F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF8DFFF0D790F8C83702FE86.text	0383CD7AFF8DFFF0D790F8C83702FE86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades epicalus Hubner 1819	<div><p>Telemiades epicalus Hübner, [1819]</p><p>(Figs 82–85, 162, 199, 213)</p><p>Telemiades epicalus Hübner, [1819] . Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 106; nom. nov. pro avitus Cramer [recte Stoll] fig. 354E (Suri- name, van der Meulen collection).— Mabille, 1878. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 21: 27.— Plötz, 1882. Berl. ent. Ztschr. 26: 73; syn.: avitus, arcturus .— Mabille, 1903, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 28; syn.: avitus .— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross– Schmett. Erde 5, p. 869; syn.: avitus; Cramer, part.— Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 76; syn.: epicatus, avitus Cramer, part.—F. Hoffmann, 1934. Ent. Rdsch., Stuttgart, 51: 27.—Shepard, 1936. Lep. Cat. 74, p. 616.—Hayward, 1947. Acta zool. Lill. 4: 257; syn.: avitus Stoll, part., arcturus, megallus, epicatus .—K. Brown &amp; Mielke, 1967. Jour. Lep. Soc. 21: 164.— Steinhauser, 1975. Bull. Allyn Mus. 29: 11.—de Jong, 1983. Tijd. Ent. 126: 241.—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 9, 30, 35, 39, 84, 93, 96; 2, p. 36; syn.: obscurus, arcturus, crameri, diores, phasias, potomoni .—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 14, 48, 55, 62, 133, 147, 152; 2, p. 60; syn.: arcturus, crameri, diores, obscurus, phasias, potomoni .— Steinhauser, 1989. Bull. Allyn Mus. 127: 13, fig. 13 (male gen.).—J. de la Maza E.; White &amp; R. G. de la Maza E., 1991. Rev. Soc. Mex. Lep. 14: 17.—Austin; Brock &amp; Mielke, 1993. Trop. Lep. 4, Suppl. 2: 6, fig. 3 (d); ecol.—R. G. de la Maza E. &amp; J. de la Maza E., 1993. Marip. Chiapas, p. 202.—Robbins et al., 1996, in Wilson &amp; Sandoval. Manu, p. 246.—Austin et al., 1999. Trop. Lep. 9, Suppl. 2: 16.—Warren, 2000, in Llorente; González &amp; Papavero (eds). Biodiv., Tax., Biogeogr. Art. Mex. 2, p. 551; syn.: arcturus, crameri, diores, phasias, potomoni .—Lamas; Campos &amp; Ramírez. 2003. Marip. Zona Res. Allpahuayo–Mishana, Iquitos, p. 9.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 56, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperi-oidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.: phasias, arcturus, phassias, potomoni, epicatus, diores, var. obscurus, potomani, crameri, epicaulis .— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 745; syn.: phasias, arcturus, phassias, potomoni, epicatus, diores, var. obscurus, potomani, crameri, epicaulis .—Gareca et al., 2006, in Gareca &amp; Reichle. Marip. diurn. Bolivia, p. 18.—Garwood et al., 2007. Butt. South. Amaz., p. 213, fig. (d).—DeVries; Austin &amp; Martin, 2008. Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 94: 731.— Beccaloni et al., 2008. Monografías Tercer Milenio 8: 103; host plant.— Garwood et al., 2009. Butt. South. Amaz., 2nd ed., p. 309, figs (d).—Mielke; Carneiro &amp; Casagrande, 2012. Acta Amaz. 42 (2): 255.—Garwood &amp; Lehman, 2013. Butt. C. Amer. 3, Hesp., p. 63, figs (male d, v, female v).—Cock, 2014. Insecta Mundi 393: 9.—Piovesan &amp; Orlandin, 2016, in Orlandin et al .. Borb. Marip. S. Catarina, p. 80.—Cock &amp; Alston-Smith, 2017. Living World, J. Trin. Tob. Field Nat. Club 2017: 10.—Sambhu &amp; Nankishore, 2018. Zootaxa 4371: 14.</p><p>Eudamus phasias Hewitson, 1867 . Descr. Hesp. 1, p. 17; Amazonas, [Brazil]; Hewitson collection.— Kirby, 1879. Cat. Coll. Diurn. Lep. Hewitson, p. 215.</p><p>Telemiades phasias; Herrich–Schäffer, 1869. Corr.–Blatt zool.–min. Ver. Regensburg 23: 189.— Watson, 1893. Proc. zool. Soc. London, p. 27.— Godman &amp; Salvin, 1893. Biol. Centr.–Amer., Lep.–Rhop. 2, p. 317; 3, pl. 78, fig. 17 (male gen.).— Lindsey, 1928. Denis. Univ. Bull., Jour. Sc. Lab. 23: 233, fig. 1 (male gen.).— Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 77; syn.: phassias .—F. Hoffmann, 1934. Ent. Rdsch., Stuttgart, 51: 27.—Shepard, 1936. Lep. Cat. 74, p. 616.—C. Hoffmann, 1941. An. Inst. Biol., Mexico, 12: 247; syn.: phassias .—C. Hoffmann, 1976. Publ. Esp. Soc. Mex. Lep. 1: 121; syn.: phassias .</p><p>Telemiades arcturus Herrich–Schäffer, 1869 . Corr.–Blatt zool.–min. Ver. Regensburg 23: 189; nom. nov. pro avitus Cramer [recte Stoll] fig. 354E.</p><p>Telegonus epicalus; Kirby, 1871. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., p. 575; syn.: avitus Cramer, part., arcturus .— Godman, 1907. Ann. &amp; Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)20: 135; syn.: phasias .</p><p>Telegonus phasias; Kirby, 1871. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., p. 575.—Weeks, 1901. Ill. unfig. Lep., p. 30.—Weeks, 1905. Ill. Diurn. Lep. 1, p. 30.</p><p>Telemiades phassias [sic]; Mabille, 1903, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 28.</p><p>Eumesia potomoni Ehrmann, 1907 . Can. Ent. 39: 323; female [holo] type, Suapure, Venezuela; Ehrmann collection.—Draudt, 1923, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 925.— Holland, 1927. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 17: 338, [pl. 28, fig. 9 (female d)].</p><p>Telemiades epicatus [sic]; Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912. Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (9)16: 117, 121; syn.: avitus .</p><p>Telemiades diores Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912 . Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (9)16: 117, 121; 1 male [holotype], America meridional; coleção Mabille.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 869.— Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 78; syn.: var. obscurus .</p><p>Telemiades diores var. obscurus Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912 . Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (9)16: 117, 121; 1 male [holotype], French Guiana; collection Mus. Paris.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 869.</p><p>Echelatus punctatus Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1917 . Bull. Soc. ent. France (1916), p. 324; 1 male, 1 female, French Guiana; MNHN (collection Boullet).— Shepard, 1934. Lep. Cat. 64, p. 179. syn. nov.</p><p>Eumesia potomani [sic]; Holland, 1927. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 17: [p. 338], pl. 28, fig. 9 (female d).</p><p>Echelatus potomoni; Shepard, 1934. Lep. Cat. 64, p. 179.— Bell, 1946. Bol. Ent. venezol. 5: 110.</p><p>Telemiades epicalus epicalus; Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 28, pl. 27 (male gen.); syn.: crameri, phasias, arcturus, potomoni, diores, obscurus.—Lamas, 1983. Rev. Soc. Mex. Lep. 8: 22.—Cock, 1982. Occ. Pap. Dept. Zool. UWI 5: 11.—Mielke, 1989. Revta bras. Ent. 33: 345, figs 1, 2 (female gen.), 19, 20 (female d, v); syn.: crameri, phasias, arcturus, potomoni, diores, obscurus.—Lamas; Robbins &amp; Harvey, 1991. Publ. Mus. Hist. Nat., Lima, 40: 17.—Cock, 1992. Living World 1991/1992: 49, pl. 3 (female d).—Lamas, 1994, in Foster et al. RAP Working Papers 6: 174.—Maes et al., 1999, in Maes. Cat. Ins. Art. Nicaragua 3, p. 1259; syn.: crameri, phasias, arcturus, potomoni, diores, obscurus.</p><p>Telemiades crameri Evans, 1953 . Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 28; Suriname; nom. nud. (ICZN, Art. 11.6.—synonym of Telemiades epicalus .)</p><p>(no genus) epicalus; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 136.</p><p>(no genus) phasias; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 231.</p><p>(no genus) arcturus; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 82.</p><p>(no genus) potomoni; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 238.</p><p>(no genus) diores; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 128.</p><p>(no genus) obscurus; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 216.</p><p>(no genus) punctatus; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 242.</p><p>Telemiades epicaulis [sic]; Raguso &amp; Llorente, 1997, in González; Dirzo &amp; Vogt (eds). Hist. Nat. Tuxtlas. Inst. Biol., UNAM, p. 290; Telemiades epicaulis megallus .</p><p>Telemiades avitus [misidentification]; Gernaat; Beckles &amp; Andel, 2012. Butt. Suriname, p. 157, fig. (d), p. 594; holotype (?).</p><p>Type material. Telemiades epicalus Hübner, [1819] was described as a new name for Papilio avitus Cramer, 1781 [recte Stoll] based on an unspecified number of specimens from Suriname. Two males syntypes corresponding to T. epicalus ( Papilio avitus Cramer) were found at the NBC and one of these specimens has the following labels: / Calkoen/ Museum Leiden/ Telemiades avitus Cr. /. In order to stabilize the identity of this species, this male specimen is hereby designated lectotype of Telemiades epicalus Hübner, [1819] and the following labels will be attached: / Lectotypus / Lectotypus Telemiades epicalus Hübner, [1819] Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. The other male specimen is hereby designated paralectotype of Telemiades epicalus Hübner, [1819] and the following labels will be attached:/ Paralectotypus / Paralectotypus Telemiades epicalus Hübner, [1819] Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. These labels will be sent to the curator for the collection.</p><p>Eudamus phasias Hewitson, 1867 was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from “Amazon”. One male syntype was found at NHMUK with the same characteristics published in the original description, and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Type [verso from the same label:] phasias Hew. / Type H T [verso from the same label:] H 310/ Amazon. Hewitson Coll. 79–69 1 Eudamus phasias . Hew/ Amaz/ [label with genitalia attached] 55/ BMNH(E) 1236063/. In order to stabilize the identity of this species, this male specimen is hereby designated lectotype of Eudamus phasias Hewitson, 1867 and the following labels will be attached: / Lectotypus / Lectotypus Eudamus phasias Hewitson, 1867 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. These labels will be sent to the curator for the collection.</p><p>Telemiades arcturus Herrich–Schäffer, 1869 was proposed for the same illustrated species by Stoll (1781: figura 354E) and that were described as T. epicalus Hübner, [1819] . The same male specimen designated as lectotype of Telemiades epicalus Hübner, [1819] deposited at the NBC is hereby designated lectotype of Telemiades arcturus Herrich–Schäffer, 1869 and the following labels will be attached: / Lectotypus / Lectotypus Telemiades arcturus Herrich–Schäffer, 1869 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. These labels will be sent to the curator for the collection.</p><p>Eumesia potomoni Ehrmann, 1907 was described based on a female [holo]type from Suapure, Venezuela. The female holotype is deposited at the CMNH with the following labels: / Type/ Ann. Carn. Mus. Bol. 1927. Pl. XX- VIII, fig. 9. ♀ / E. potomoni Ehr. ♀. Type E.A.K. collection/ Ehrman Coll. Carn. Mus. Acc. 7815./ GEN. PREP., MIELKE 1987/.</p><p>Telemiades diores Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912 was described based on a male specimen [holotype] from “América Meridional”. The male holotype is deposited at the NHMUK with the following labels: / Type/ Chiriq./ T. diores Mab e Boull / Ex Oberthür Coll. Brit. Mus. 1927–3./ [label with genitalia attached]/ BMNH(E) 1236497/.</p><p>Telemiades diores var. obscurus Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912 was described based on a male specimen [holotype] from French Guiana. The male holotype is deposited at the MNHN and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / TYPE/ Coll. BOULLET Nouveau Chautier Guyane Française XI 1908 E. Le Moult MUSEUM PARIS/ T. diores v. obscurus Mab. &amp; Boull / Telemiades diores var. obscurus Mab. Boull. Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 1912, (9)16, p. 117/ GEN. PREP. MIELKE 1996/.</p><p>Echelatus punctatus Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1917 was described based on one male and one female from French Guiana. However, the syntypes found at the MNHN were examined by Olaf H. H. Mielke, who atested that these specimens are both females. One female syntype is illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) as synonym of Telemiades nicomedes with the following labels: / TYPE/ Coll. BOULLET Nouveau Chantier MUSEUM PARIS Guyane Française IV 1909 E. Le Moult/ E. punctatus Mab. &amp; Boull / Echelatus punctatus Mab. –Boullet Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., (1916) 1917: 324/ GEN. PREP. MIELKE 1996/. In order to stabilize the identity of this species, this female specimen is hereby designated lectotype of Echelatus punctatus Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1917 and the following labels will be attached: / Lectotypus / Lectotypus Echelatus punctatus Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1917 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. The other female specimen is hereby designated paralectotype of Echelatus punc- tatus Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1917 and the following labels will be attached: / Paralectotypus / Paralectotypus Echelatus punctatus Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1917 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. These labels will be sent to the curator for the collection.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 19–22 mm (n=30) and females 20–24 mm (n=10). Telemiades epicalus is distinguished from other species of the “ epicalus group” by the following characters: distal margin of tegumen with two pair os symmetrical lateral apophysis; aedeagus smooth; ground color of females brown with purple reflections.</p><p>Variation. The ground color and the development of wing spots varies in its color intensity.</p><p>Natural history. Several males were collected using the Ahrenholz technique (Lamas et al. 1993) at National Park of Serra do Divisor, Mâncio Lima, Acre, Brazil.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades epicalus occurs in forested areas of South America, with records in Trinidad (Trinidad and Tobago), Venezuela, Bolivia, Peru, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and in the Brazilian states of Amazonas, Acre, Pará, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pernambuco, Bahia, and Espírito Santo.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Hübner ([1819]) described Telemiades and designated Papilio avitus Stoll, 1781 as the type species of the genus. He also considered the female specimen illustrated by Stoll (1781: figure 354E) as a distinct species from Papilio avitus and described it as Telemiades epicalus . The species erroneously interpreted as the female of P. avitus was described from an unknown number of specimens from Suriname, which were part of the van der Meulen collection. When France was occupied during the war (1793–1813), many biological collections were either auctioned or simply disappeared and, with them, many types described by Cramer and Stoll were lost. At that time, Joan Calkoen was able to gather a significant number of specimens from other collections, making it possible to recover many types from Cramer and Stoll. After his death, the collection was incorporated into the NBC, along with a catalog written by Calkoen himself (Jong 2005). After examination of the material of the NBC collection, two specimens that correspond to the type series of T. epicalus were located, making the designation of a lectotype possible.</p><p>Five names proposed later, Eudamus phasias Hewitson, 1867, Telemiades arcturus Herrich–Schäffer, 1869, Eumesia potomoni Ehrmann, 1907 Telemiades diores Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912 and Telemiades diores var. obscurus Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912, have been considered synonyms of T. epicalus since Evans (1953), except for T. arcturus, which was synonymized by Plötz (1882). Steinhauser (1989) pointed out that E. phasias could be a distinct species from T. epicalus and suggested that the genitalia of the holotype of E. phasias should be examined with the purpose of confirming its taxonomic position. The examination of the holotype of E. phasias deposited in the NHMUK confirmed the synonymy with T. epicalus .</p><p>Echelatus punctatus Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1917, syn. nov. was treated as a synonym of Telemiades nicomedes (Möschler, 1879) by Evans (1953) and has remained in this status until the present study. Olaf H. H. Mielke, after analysis of the type material at the MNHN collection found that E. punctatus is synonymous with T. epicalus .</p><p>Subsequently, T. epicalus was transferred to the genera Hesperia Fabricius, 1793 (Latreille [1824]), Goniloba Westwood, [1852] (Westwood 1852) and Eudamus Swainson, 1831 (C. Felder &amp; R. Felder 1862). Kirby (1871) transferred it back to Telemiades and later to Eudamus (Kirby 1879) . Plötz (1882) returned the species to Telemiades .</p><p>Examined material. No data: 3 males and 1 female, BMNH(E) 1236063, NHMUK 010242140, NHMUK 010242151*, NHMUK 010242138 (NHMUK).</p><p>PERU: Amazonas— Rodríguez de Mendoza, 1800 m, 30–VIII–2003, 1 male, OM 63.717 (DZUP–OM). Chan-chamayo— no specific locality, 600–2200 m, 1 male, NHMUK 010242134 (NHMUK). Cuzco— Vale Cosñipata, Quebrada Quitacalzón, 1100 m, 23–X–2010, 1 male, M. Duarte leg. (MHNL); 1100 m, 2–XI–2016, 2 males, Mielke leg., OM 81.957, OM 81.988 (DZUP–OM); 27–X–2018, 2 males, Mielke leg., OM 87.927, OM 87.973 (DZUP– OM). Huánunco— Tingo Maria, 670 m, 2–IX–1970, 1 male, Büche leg., OM 35.447 * (DZUP–OM); XI–1986, 1 male, M. Büche leg., OM 47.495 (DZUP–OM); 5–I–1988, 1 male, M. Büche leg., OM 58.418 (DZUP–OM); 10– VIII–1991, 1 male, Büche leg., OM 35.000 (DZUP–OM); X–1996, 2 males, Büche leg., OM 45.823 (DZUP–OM). Júnin— Satipo Valley, 600 m, VII–VIII–1987, 1 male, Tello leg., OM 18.715, OM 18.716 (DZUP–OM). Loreto— Iquitos, 1 female, DZ 25.864 (DZUP); 1895, 1 male, Michael leg. (ZMHU); Palo Seco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.38333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.090278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.38333/lat -12.090278)">Rio Itaya</a>, VIII–2016, 2 males and 1 female, J.J. Ramírez leg., OM 80.946, OM 81.140, OM 81.235 (DZUP–OM); Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana, 170 m, 12–II–2002, 1 male, L. Campos leg. (MHNL); 8–III–2002, 1 male, J. J. Ramírez leg. (MHNL). Madre de Díos— Alto Río Madre de Díos, Albergue Amazonia, 12º 5’ 25’’ S, 71º 23’ W, 500 m, 16–V–2012, 1 male, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL) ; 17–V–2012, 1 male, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL); Parque Nacional del Manu, Pakitza, 11° 55’ 48’’ S, 71° 15’ 18’’ W, 340 m, 5–X–1991, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 25.857 (DZUP); 20–X–1991, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 9.670* (DZUP); 400 m, 21–IX–1989, 1 male, R. Robbins leg. (MHNL); Reserva Tambopata, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.38333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.090278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.38333/lat -12.090278)">Boca do Rio La Torre</a>, 300 m, 23–X–1982, 1 male, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL); 20–X–1983, 1 male, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL); 21–X–1983, 1 male, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL); 30–X–1983, 1 male, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL); 19–X–1985, 1 male, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL); Research Center, 300 m, 26–IX–2003, 1 male, C. Peña leg. (MHNL); Shintuya, 3.6 Km NE, Albergue Pantiacolla , 12°39’21’’S, 71°13’53’’W, 400 m, 26–29–X–2016, 2 males, Mielke leg., OM 81.676, OM 81.887 (DZUP–OM); 4–8–XI–2017, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 85.588 (DZUP–OM); 30–X–2018, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 87.836 (DZUP–OM); 18–22–VI–2019, 2 males, Mielke leg., OM 88.768, OM 88.828 (DZUP-OM). San Martín: no specific locality, V–1990, 1 male, OM 26.683 (DZUP–OM); Juanjui, VIII–1925, 1 male, Klug leg., OM 45.360 (DZUP–OM); Moyobamba, 1888, 1 female, M. de Mathan leg., NHMUK 010242135 (NHMUK) .</p><p>BOLÍVIA: no specific locality, 1 male, NHMUK 010242136 (NHMUK) . La Paz— Mapiri, 1 male, 12.409 (DZUP); Rio Zongo, P. Zongo to R. Snapi, 1100 m, III–1 v, 1 male, Garlepp leg., NHMUK 010242137 (NHMUK); 1895–6, 1200 m, 1 male, Garlepp leg. (ZMHU); Zongo, 1 male, ex–coll. Staudinger (ZSM); 1 male, Garlepp leg. (ZMHU); Yungas, 1000 m, 1 male, H. Rolle leg., NHMUK 010242139 (NHMUK) .</p><p>VENEZUELA: Carabobo— Puerto Cabello, 1 male, Hahnel leg. (ZMHU); 1 female, Hahnel leg., ex–coll. Staudinger (ZMHU) .</p><p>GUYANA: Upper Takutu–Upper Esequibo— Annai, Quonga, 1 female, H. Whitely leg., NHMUK 010242124 (NHMUK) .</p><p>SURINAME: no specific locality, 1 male, 12.410 (DZUP) . Para— Onoribo— III–1893, 1 male, C. W. Ellacombe leg., NHMUK 010242125 (NHMUK) .</p><p>FRENCH GUIANA: no specific locality, 2 males and 2 females, C. Bar leg., NHMUK 010242126, NHMUK 010242128, NHMUK 010242127, NHMUK 010242133 (NHMUK); Caiena, 3 females, C. Bar leg., NHMUK 010242129, NHMUK 010242131, NHMUK 010242132 (NHMUK); Kourou, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.683334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.683334/lat 4.133333)">Montagne Des Péres</a>, 16–VIII– 2010, 1 female, DZ 25.952* (DZUP); La Carapa—Champ Vigile, 2–III–2006, 1 male, S.E. A.G. leg., OM 73.380 * (DZUP–OM); Règina, Reserva Nouragues, 4º 08’ N, 52º 41’ W, 6–12–VIII–2010, 1 male, S.E. A.G. leg., DZ 25.954 (DZUP); Roura, Roura Route de Kaw, Km 6, 14–I–2010, 1 female, DZ 25.953 (DZUP) .</p><p>TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: Trinidad, 1 male, Dr. F.W. Jackson leg., NHMUK 010242123 (NHMUK) .</p><p>BRAZIL: Amazonas— no specific locality, 1 male (ZSM); Boa Vista do Ramos, Massauari, 1 female, ex–coll. Staudinger (ZMHU) ; Maués, Rio Preto, 15–30–XI–2007, 1 male, OM 69.467 (DZUP–OM) ; São Paulo de Olivença, 1 male, NHMUK 010242143 (NHMUK). Acre— Bujari, 50 Km NO, 200 m, 18–20–IX–2003, 2 males, O.–C. Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 25.856, DZ 25.858* (DZUP); 10–12–IX–2004, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 25.854 (DZUP); Mâncio Lima— Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor (7º 26’ 52’’ S, 73º 39’ 55’ ‘W), 20–27–VI–2013, 2 males, Mielke, Casagrande, Carneiro, Dias &amp; Dolibaina leg., DZ 34.244, DZ 34.284* (DZUP) ; 23–30–VIII–2014, 3 males, Mielke, Casagrande, Carneiro, Dias, Dolibaina, Siewert &amp; Salik leg., DZ 31.155, DZ 31.165, DZ 34.254 (DZUP); Senador Guiomard— Reserva Catuaba, 200 m, 2–5–IX–2004, 4 males, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 25.850, DZ 25.851, DZ 25.852, DZ 25.853 (DZUP); 17–19–VII–2004, 1 male, O.–C. Mielke leg., OM 65.167 (DZUP–OM); 6–7–X–2006, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 34.294 (DZUP); 23–27–VII– 2008, 2 males, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 34.264, DZ 34.274 (DZUP); 27–VIII–5–IX–2011, 3 males, Dolibaina &amp; Moura leg., DZ 36.124, DZ 36.125, DZ 36.126 (DZUP); Vila Taumaturgo— Foz do Rio Tejo, 29–VIII–1997, 1 male, Brown &amp; Freitas leg., OM 46.643 (DZUP–OM). Pará— no specific locality, 1 male, NHMUK 010242141 (NHMUK) ; 1 male e 1 female, A.M. Moss leg., NHMUK 010242146, NHMUK 010242142 (NHMUK); 1 male, M. de Mathan leg., NHMUK 010242144 (NHMUK); 1 male, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242145 (NHMUK); Benevides, 18–19–IV–1993, 3 males, Mielke leg., OM 34.308, OM 34.464, OM 34.476 (DZUP–OM); 23–24– XI–2004, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 25.849 (DZUP); Itaituba, 1893, 1 male, Michael leg. (ZMHU); Santarém, 1 male, NHMUK 010242130 (NHMUK); Santo Antônio do Tauá, Reserva Sonho Azul, 29–XI–2004, 1 male, Mielke, Casagrande &amp; Jauffret leg., DZ 25.855 (DZUP) ; 31–XII–2004, 1 male, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 25.862 (DZUP); 31–I–2005, 1 male, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 17.201 (DZUP); 17–II–2005, 1 female, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 25.860* (DZUP); 28–XI–2005, 1 female, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 25.859 (DZUP); 5–II–2006, 1 female, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 25.863 (DZUP); 26–XII–2006, 1 male, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 25.861 (DZUP). Rondônia— Candeias do Jamari, Banho do Rio Preto, Fazenda Urupá, 23–25–VII–1991, 1 male e 1 female, C. Mielke &amp; Miers leg., OM 27.077, OM 27.083 (DZUP–OM) ; 8–10–VII–1996, 1 male, O.–C. Mielke &amp; Miers leg., OM 42.576 (DZUP–OM); Cacaulândia, Fazenda Rancho Grande, 21–XI–1991, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 27.720 (DZUP–OM). Mato Grosso— Bras- norte, Fazenda Paraná, 400 m, 5–20–VII–1990, 1 female, C. Mielke &amp; Miers leg., OM 26.384 * (DZUP–OM). Per-nambuco— no specific locality, 1 male, A. M. Moss leg., NHMUK 010242147 (NHMUK); Santa Cruz da Baixa Verde, Serra de Bernarda, I–1895, 1 female, L. Gounelle leg., NHMUK 010242148 (NHMUK). Bahia— no specific locality, 1 male, NHMUK 010242149 (NHMUK). Espírito Santo— no specific locality, 1 male, ex–coll. Fruhstorfer, (ZSM). Mato Grosso do Sul— Nioaque, V–1905, NHMUK 010242150 (NHMUK)</p><p>.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF8DFFF0D790F8C83702FE86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF8AFFF0D790FE243224F97D.text	0383CD7AFF8AFFF0D790FE243224F97D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades sila Evans 1953	<div><p>Telemiades sila Evans, 1953</p><p>(Figs 86, 87, 213)</p><p>Telemiades epicalus sila Evans, 1953 . Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 28, pl. 27 (male gen.); male [holo] type, Venezuela; BM(NH).— Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 109; 2, p. 36.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 172; 2, p. 60.—Maes et al., 1999, in Maes. Cat. Ins. Art. Nicaragua 3, p. 1259.— Murray, 2000. Jour. Res. Lep. 35: 53.</p><p>Telemiades sila; Steinhauser, 1975. Bull. Allyn Mus. 29: 30.— Steinhauser, 1989. Bull. Allyn Mus. 127: 16.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 57, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 749.—Garwood &amp; Lehman, 2013. Butt. C. Amer. 3, Hesp., p. 64, figs (d, v).</p><p>(no genus) sila; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 259.</p><p>Type material. Telemiades epicalus sila Evans, 1953 was described based on the male holotype from Venezuela and from two male specimens from Colombia and Ecuador. The male holotype is deposited at the NHMUK and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / 50/ Type [verso from the same label:] sila Evans / 1163 Las Quiguas Esteban Valley N. Venezuela Nov to March 10 / ex coll. Hamilton Druce, 1919./ [rectangular black label] [label with genitalia attached] / BMNH(E) 1236496/.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 19 mm (n=3). Telemiades sila resembles T. epicalus, but is distinguished by the following characters: ground color darker, with larger spots in DW, and tegumen with one pair of lateral apophysis.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades sila is known from Central and Northern South America, with records in El Salvador, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Telemiades sila was described as a subspecies of T. epicalus (Evans 1953) . The differences pointed out by Evans (1953) in the morphology of the wing and the male genitalia prompted Steinhauser (1989) to interpret T. sila as a species distinct from T. epicalus . The diagnostic characters of T. sila that separate it from T. epicalus include darker ground color of DW, with more conspicuous spots, asymmetric valvae and tegumen with one pair of lateral apophysis (Evans 1953, Steinhauser 1989). Through the examination of the holotype and one of the paratyes of T. sila, which are deposited in the NHMUK, it was possible to verify that the valvae are not asymmetrical, as stated in their original description (Evans 1953). However, the tegumen with only one pair of lateral apophysis was confirmed. The wing pattern of T. sila is similar to the wing pattern of some examined specimens of T. epicalus . In order to reliably separate both species, the examination of the male genitalia is necessary. The females of T. sila remain unknown.</p><p>Examined material. COLOMBIA: Boyacá— Otanche, VIII–1903, 1 male, M. de Mathan leg., NHMUK 010242119 (NHMUK) .</p><p>ECUADOR: Bolívar— La Chima, Rio de las Juntas, pr.[near] a Babahoyo, VI–VII–1893, 1 male, M. de Mathan leg., NHMUK 010242120 * (NHMUK) .</p><p>VENEZUELA: Carabobo— Las Quiguas (Esteban Valley), 1 male, ex–coll. Druce, BMNH(E) 1236496* (NHMUK) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF8AFFF0D790FE243224F97D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF8AFFFFD790F8BB30E9FE4E.text	0383CD7AFF8AFFFFD790F8BB30E9FE4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades dawkinsi Siewert, Mielke & Casagrande 2020	<div><p>Telemiades dawkinsi Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 88–91, 163, 200, 213)</p><p>Telemiades epicalus; Francini et al., 2011. Revta bras. Ent. 55 (1): 67.</p><p>Diagnosis. Telemiades dawkinsi Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov. is distinguished from the other species of the “ epicalus group” by the following characters: ground color ochre yellow in males and dark brown in females, and FW with two apical spots in R 3 –R 4 and R 4 –R 5. Additionally, T. dawkinsi sp. nov. is the only known species of the “ epicalus group” restricted to Brazilian Atlantic Forest.</p><p>Description. Head: frons and vertex dark brown, with yellow scales in males and white scales in females. Eyes surrounded by yellow scales in males and white scales in females. Labial palpi with first and second segments dark brown with yellow scales in males and white scales in females; third segment dark brown. Antennae dark brown, base of each segment cream, apiculus ventrally cream; nudum of 25–29 segments.</p><p>Thorax: dorsally and ventrally dark brown with yellow scales in males and white scales in females.</p><p>FW: length of males 18–21 mm (n=29) and females 23–36 mm (n=19). DFW (Figs 88, 90): ground color ochre yellow in males and dark brown in females; four dark brown spots: two cellular (upper and lower) and two discal in CuA 1 –CuA 2 e CuA 2 –2A; two apical rectangular spots in R 3 –R 4 and R 4 –R 5; in some females specimens there is an apical spot in R 5 –M 1; six dark brown submarginal spots as an irregular band in M 1 –M 2, M 2 –M 3, M 3 –CuA 1, CuA 1 –CuA 2, and CuA 2 –2A.</p><p>DHW (Figs 88, 90): ground color ochre yellow in males and dark brown in females; four dark brown discal spots in Sc+Rs–R1, upper cell, lower cell, and CuA 2 –2A; six dark brown submarginal spots as an irregular band in Rs–M 1, M 1 –M 2, M 2 –M 3, M 3 –CuA 1, CuA 1 –CuA 2, and CuA 2 –2A.</p><p>VFW (Figs 89, 91): as DFW; ground color brown with yellow sparse scales and spots darker.</p><p>VHW (Figs 89, 91): as DHW; ground color brown with yellow sparse scales; dark brown patch on tornus; females with white sparse scales in anal margin.</p><p>Abdome: dorsally dark brown; ventrally dark brown with yellow scales.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 163): tegumen rectangular, posterior margin with two pairs of lateral apophysis, the distal one shorter. Anterior projection of saccus triangular, anterior margin rounded. Uncus rectangular, almost same size as tegumen, distal margin pointed. Valva rectangular, twice as long as wide; costa rounded, covered by small spines on internal margin; distal margin rounded and serrated; dorso–distal projection as a triangular process; sacculus rectangular, about 1/2 the length of valva. Fultura inferior distally bifid, with distal margin rounded. Aedeagus cylindrical, slightly sinuous on proximal half; insertion of manica in third proximal of aedeagus; opening for ejaculatory bulb rounded; distal margin pointed; opening for vesica dorsal, about 1/4 of size of aedeagus; cornuti forming two lines of sharp and conic spines, the first line with small spines located at third proximal, and second line with spines more developed and located at central region of aedeagus.</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 200): tergum VIII rounded; papilla analis covered by scales on apical third; posterior apophysis twice as longer than papilla. Lamella antevaginalis with distal margin rounded. Lamella postvaginalis rectangular, about 2/3 narrower than lamella antevaginalis; distal margin bilobed, concave in median region and with a smooth sulcus. Ductus bursae membranous, sclerotized near ostium, dilated and rough region near of corpus bursae; corpus bursae membranous and globular, with same size of ductus; third proximal region rough. Signa absent.</p><p>Natural history. Adults were registered feeding on flowers of “Cambará–roxo” ( Lantana fucata) ( Verbenaceae) in Morretes, Paraná, south Brazil.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades dawkinsi sp. nov. occurs in areas from Brazilian Atlantic Forest, with records from Espírito Santo to Rio Grande do Sul.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named to honor Clinton Richard Dawkins, an English biologist, and author of several books, including The Selfish Gene, The Extended Phenotype, and The God Delusion.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Telemiades dawkinsi sp. nov. is the only species of the “ epicalus group” with distribution in areas of the Atlantic Forest. In addition, there are significant differences in the male and female genitalia when compared to other species of the “ epicalus group”, thus discarding the possibility of T. dawkinsi sp. nov. being a subspecies or a variation of T. epicalus .</p><p>Type material. Holotype male deposited at DZUP with the following labels: / HOLOTYPUS / 6–IV–2001 CACATU, ANTONINA, P[a]R[aná] [Brazil] 10m, MIELKE LEG./ OM 52.913 / Holotypus Telemiades dawkinsi Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. Allotype female deposited at DZUP with the following labels: / ALLO- TYPUS/ 6–IV–2001 CACATU, ANTONINA, P[a]R[aná] [Brazil] 10m, MIELKE LEG./ OM 53.241 / Allotypus Telemiades dawkinsi Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/.</p><p>Paratypes. BRAZIL: Bahia— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.55/lat -15.383333)">Camacan</a>, Reserva Serra Bonita, 15°23’S, 39°33’W, 3–10–XII–2016, 1 male, Mielke, Carneiro, Dias, Dolibaina &amp; Santos leg. , DZ 34.050 (DZUP). Espírito Santo— Conceição da Barra, 5–V– 1968, 1 female, C. &amp; C. T. Elias leg. , DZ 25.891 (DZUP); Linhares, 5–VII–1972, 1 male , 11–VIII–1972, 1 male,</p><p>6–III–1973, 1 male, 9–14–IV–1973, 1 male, 11–16–IV–1973, 1 female, 9–15–V–1973, 2 males, 1–9–VI–1973, 1 male, 18–23–VI–1973, 1 female, 25–30–VI–1973, 1 male, 1–8–IX–1973, 1 male e 1 female, 1–8–VI–1974, 1 male, 20–III–1974, 1 male, 4–VII–1974, 2 females, I–1978, 1 female, VII–1980, 1 male e 1 female, VIII–1980, 3 females, VII–1981, 3 females, V–1982, 5 males and 5 females, C. Elias leg., DZ 25.899, DZ 25.927, DZ 25.903, DZ 25.916, DZ 25.935, DZ 25.913, DZ 25.915, DZ 25.924, DZ 26.941, DZ 25.909, DZ 25.921, DZ 25.889, DZ 25.925, DZ 25.895, DZ 25.877, DZ 25.890, DZ 25.876, DZ 25.923, DZ 25.938, DZ 25.886, DZ 25.939, DZ 25.940, DZ 25.888, DZ 25.892, DZ 25.937, DZ 25.910, DZ 25.917, DZ 25.918, DZ 25.920, DZ 25.922, DZ 25.884, DZ 25.934, DZ 25.944, DZ 25.945, DZ 2.953 (DZUP). Minas Gerais— no specific locality, 1 female , OM 41.192 (DZUP–OM); 1 male, OM 41.232 * (DZUP–OM); Marliéria, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, 200 m , 27–VII–1977, 2 males, H. &amp; H. D. Ebert leg., DZ 25.929, DZ 25.931 (DZUP); 14–XII–1977, 1 male, H. &amp; H. D. Ebert leg., DZ 25.933 (DZUP). Rio de Janeiro— no specific locality, 1 male , NHMUK 010242153 * (NHMUK); Angra dos Reis, VIII–1934, 1 male, L. Travassos leg., OM 12.770 (DZUP–OM); Cachoeiras de Macacu, Boca do Mato, 11–IX–1992, 1 male, Tangerini leg., ex–coll. N. Tangerini, DZ 36.129 (DZUP); 4–VI–2001, 1 female, Tangerini leg., ex–coll. N. Tangerini, DZ 36.131 (DZUP); 16–VI–2001, 1 female, Tangerini leg., ex–coll. N. Tangerini, DZ 36.130 (DZUP); Duque de Caxias, 25 m , 6–II–1955, 1 male, DZ 25.928 (DZUP); 22–II–1967, 1 male, H. Ebert leg., DZ 25.932 (DZUP); Petrópolis, Alto da Serra, 15–IV–1962, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 2.981 (DZUP–OM); 10–V–1964, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 5.861 (DZUP–OM); Rio de Janeiro, 18–II–1981, 1 male, ex–coll. Gagarin, OM 5.454 (DZUP–OM); Gávea, 1 male (MNRJ) ; Jacarépagua, VII–1933, 1 male, L. Travassos leg., OM 12.751 (DZUP–OM). São Paulo— Ariri, 26–V–1980, 1 female, Miers leg., DZ 25.885 (DZUP); Cananéia, 22–IV–1999, 1 female, Mielke &amp; Casagraned leg., OM 49.862 (DZUP–OM); Registro, 1–IX–1967, 1 female, L. Travassos leg., DZ 25.883 (DZUP). Paraná— Antonina, Cacatu, 60 m , 17–IV–1971, 2 males, Moure &amp; Mielke leg., DZ 25.898, DZ 25.902 (DZUP); 20–IV–1972, 1 female, 16–IV–1977, 4 females, 20–IV–1987, 1 female, 20–IV–1987, 1 male, 25–IV–1987, 11 males and 27 females, 18–IV–1998, 1 male and 3 females, 21–IV–1998, 1 male and 2 females, 3–IV–1999, 1 male and 1 female, 6–IV–2001, 3 males and 6 females, 9–IV–2003, 1 female, 15–IV–2003, 1 female, 26–IV–2003, 1 female, 27–III–2004, 1 female, 8–IV–2004, 1 male and 1 female, Mielke leg., DZ 25.894, DZ 25.875, DZ 25.878, DZ 25.879, DZ 25.887, OM 14.045, OM 14.042, OM 14.152, OM 14.153, OM 14.154, OM 14.155, OM 14.156, OM 14.157, OM 52.308, OM 52.322, OM 52.336, OM 52.357, OM 52.392; OM 14.133, OM 14.134, OM 14.135, OM 14.136, OM 14.137, OM 14.138, OM 14.139, OM 14.140, OM 14.141, OM 14.142, OM 14.143, OM 14.144, OM 14.145, OM 14.146, OM 14.147, OM 14.148, OM 14.149, OM 14.150, OM 14.151, OM 14.158, OM 14.159, OM 14.160, OM 14.161, OM 52.378, OM 52.385, OM 52.399, OM 52.406, OM 48.616, OM 48.752, OM 49.008, OM 49.016, OM 49.545, OM 48.719, OM 49.000, OM 49.686, OM 49.901, OM 52.912, OM 53.340, OM 53.039, OM 53.032, OM 53.102, OM 53.164, OM 53.248, OM 53.262, OM 53.920, OM 60.968, OM 60.955, OM 60.782, DZ 34.062, DZ 34.063, DZ 34.061 (DZUP and DZUP–OM); 21–IV–2007, 6 females, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 25.946, DZ 25.947, DZ 25.948, DZ 25.949, DZ 25.950, DZ 25.951 (DZUP); Cedro, 14–IV–2013, 1 female, Mielke &amp; Callaghan leg., DZ 36.128 (DZUP); Guaraqueçaba, Tagaçaba, 17–IV–1971, 1 male and 3 females, Moure &amp; Mielke leg., DZ 25.900, DZ 25.880, DZ 25.882, DZ 25.942 (DZUP); Guaratuba, Limeira, 10 m , 15–IV–2000, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 51.670 (DZUP–OM); 21–IV–2000, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 51.581 (DZUP–OM); Matinhos, 8–IV–1989, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 22.018 (DZUP–OM); Morretes, 10 m , 12–IV–1997, 5 males and 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 45.690, OM 45.682, OM 45.698, OM 45.714, OM 45.722, OM 45.754 (DZUP–OM); 19–IV–1997, 2 males and 2 females, Mielke leg., OM 45.627, OM 45.874, OM 45.691, OM 45.866 (DZUP–OM); Alto da Serra, 800 m , 19–II–1989, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 21.500 (DZUP–OM); Morro Alto, 400 m , 8–IV–2000, 1 male and 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 51.863, OM 51.856 (DZUP–OM); 11–IV–2000, 1 male and 2 females, Mielke leg., OM 51.766, OM 51.556, OM 51.591 * (DZUP–OM); 11–IV–2015, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Dolibaina leg., DZ 31.175 (DZUP); Paranaguá, Alexandra, 11–IV–1970, 1 female, Mielke leg., DZ 25.943 (DZUP); 17–IV–1971, 1 female, Mielke leg., DZ 25.893 (DZUP). Santa Catarina— no specific locality, 2 females, Schlm. leg. , ex–coll. Staudinger (ZMHU); 2 females, NHMUK 010242152, NHMUK 010242154 (NHMUK); Anitápolis, III–1934, 1 female (MZUSP); Corupá [ex Hansa Humboldt], III–1938, 1 male, B. Pohl leg. (MZUSP); Joinville, 1 male, Schmidt leg., 18/846 (MNRJ); III–1940, 1 male, B. Pohl leg. (MZUSP); III–1943, 1 male, B. Pohl leg. (MZUSP); 6–III–1966, 2 males, 21–III–1967, 1 male, 20–III–1967, 1 male, 9–III–1977, 1 male, Miers leg., OM 10.553 *, OM 10.568, DZ 25.926, DZ 25.919, DZ 25.908 (DZUP and DZUP–OM); 9–III–1969, 1 male, 22–III–1969, 2 males, 10–III–1971, 1 male, 2–XI–1971, 1 male, 6–III–1973, 1 male, 9–III–1974, 2 males and 1 female, 4–V–1978, 2 males, Mielke &amp; Miers leg., DZ 25.907, DZ 25.905, DZ 25.906, DZ 25.896, DZ 25.901, DZ 25.904, DZ 25.897, DZ 25.914, DZ 25.936, DZ 25.911, DZ 25.912 (DZUP); 1–XI–2017, 1 male, Rank leg., DZ 34.040 (DZUP); Serrinha, 200 m , 24–V–1998, 1 male, C. Mielke leg., OM 49.531 (DZUP–OM); 22-II-2018, 1 male, Rank leg., OM 89.581 (DZUP-OM); São Bento do Sul, Rio Natal, 500 m , 13–III–1990, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 25.244 (DZUP–OM); 11–IV–2014, 1 male, Rank leg., DZ 36.127 (DZUP); São Francisco do Sul, Enseada, 27–30–I–1988, 2 males and 1 female, O.–C. Mielke leg., OM 17.410, OM 17.411, OM 17.409 (DZUP–OM); Seara, Nova Teutônia, 300–500 m , II–1961, 1 female, Plaumann leg., DZ 25.881 (DZUP). Rio Grande do Sul— no specific locality, 1 female , ex–coll. Fruhstorfer, OM 12.412 (DZUP–OM) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF8AFFFFD790F8BB30E9FE4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF85FFFFD790FE6C3150F87E.text	0383CD7AFF85FFFFD790FE6C3150F87E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades warreni Siewert, Mielke & Casagrande 2020	<div><p>Telemiades warreni Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 92, 93, 164, 213)</p><p>Diagnosis. Telemiades warreni Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov. is distinguished from the other species of the “ epicalus group” by the ground color yellow and darker spots on both wings, and from T. mielkei by the posterior margin of tegumen with two pairs of symmetric lateral apophysis.</p><p>Description. Head: frons and vertex dark brown, with yellow scales. Eyes surrounded by yellow scales. Labial palpi with first and second segments dark brown with yellow and white scales; third segment dark brown. Antennae dark brown, base of each segment cream, apiculus ventrally cream; nudum of 26 segments.</p><p>Thorax: dorsally and ventrally dark brown with yellow scales.</p><p>FW: length of males 22 mm (n=1). DFW (Fig. 92): ground color yellow; four dark brown spots: two cellular (upper and lower) and two discal in CuA 1 –CuA 2 and CuA 2 –2A; three apical rectangular spots in R 3 –R 4, R 4 –R 5, and R 5 –M 1; five dark brown submarginal spots as an irregular band in M 1 –M 2, M 2 –M 3, M 3 –CuA 1, CuA 1 –CuA 2, and CuA 2 –2A.</p><p>DHW (Fig. 92): ground color yellow; four dark brown discal spots in Sc+Rs–R1, upper cell, lower cell, and CuA 2 –2A, the last one smaller; six dark brown submarginal spots as an irregular band in Rs–M 1, M 1 –M 2, M 2 –M 3, M 3 –CuA 1, CuA 1 –CuA 2, and CuA 2 –2A.</p><p>VFW (Fig. 93): as DFW; ground color brown with yellow sparse scales at costal third.</p><p>VHW (Fig. 93): as DHW; ground color brown with yellow sparse scales.</p><p>Abdome: dorsally and ventrally dark brown and yellow.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 164): tegumen rectangular, posterior margin with two pairs of symmetric lateral apophysis. Anterior projection of saccus triangular, anterior margin rounded. Uncus rectangular, almost same size as tegumen, distal margin concave, forming two small lateral projections; lateral margin slightly expanded. Valva rectangular, twice as long as wide; costa rounded, covered by small spines on internal margin; distal margin rounded and serrated; dorso–distal projection as a triangular process; sacculus rectangular, about 1/2 the length of valva. Fultura inferior distally bifid, with distal margin rounded. Aedeagus cylindrical, slightly sinuous on proximal half; insertion of manica in third proximal of aedeagus; opening for ejaculatory bulb rounded; distal margin rounded; opening for vesica dorsal and lateral left, about 1/2 of size of aedeagus; cornuti forming two lines of sharp and conic spines, the first line with small spines located at third proximal, and second line with spines more developed and located at central region of aedeagus.</p><p>Female unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades warreni, sp. nov. is known only from a single male specimen collected at Rodríguez de Mendoza, Amazonas, Peru, 1.800 m a.s.l.</p><p>Etymology. This species is dedicated to our friend Andrew David Warren for his contribution to the study of the Neotropical skippers, and for his support during the development of this study.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Telemiades warreni, sp. nov. is immediately recognizable by the ground color yellow and darker spots on both wings. The morphology of the male genitalia differs from the other species of the “ epicalus group”. As far as it is known, T. warreni, sp. nov. is the only species of the “ epicalus group” that occurs as high as 1.800 m.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male deposited at DZUP–OM with the following labels: / HOLOTYPUS / 30–VIII– 2003 RODRIGUEZ DE MENDOZA, AMAZONAS PERU, 1800 m / OM 63.717 / Holotypus Telemiades warreni Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF85FFFFD790FE6C3150F87E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF86FFFDD790FF2833F3F9CE.text	0383CD7AFF86FFFDD790FF2833F3F9CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades mielkei Siewert & Mielke & Casagrande 2020	<div><p>Telemiades mielkei Siewert &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 94, 95, 165, 213)</p><p>Diagnosis. Telemiades mielkei Siewert &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov. is distinguished from the other species of the “ epicalus group” by the ground color orangish and by the tegumen with distal margin with two pairs of lateral apophysis, the proximal asymmetrical and bifid.</p><p>Description. Head: frons and vertex dark brown, with yellow scales; eye dark brown, surrounded by yellow scales; labial palpi porrect; first and second segments dark brown with yellow and white scales; third segment dark brown. Antennae dark brown, base of each segment cream, apiculus ventrally cream; nudum of 28 segments.</p><p>Thorax: dorsally and ventrally dark brown with yellow scales.</p><p>FW: length of males 21 mm (n=2). DFW (Fig. 94): ground color orangish; four dark brown spots: two cellular (upper and lower) and two discal in CuA 1 –CuA 2 e CuA 2 –2A; three apical rectangular spots in R 3 –R 4, R 4 –R 5, and R 5 –M 1; five dark brown submarginal spots as an irregular band in M 1 –M 2, M 2 –M 3, M 3 –CuA 1, CuA 1 –CuA 2, and CuA 2 –2A; distal margin dark brown.</p><p>DHW (Fig. 94): ground color orangish; four dark brown discal spots in Sc+Rs–R1, upper cell, lower cell, and CuA 2 –2A, the last one smaller; six dark brown submarginal spots as an irregular band in Rs–M 1, M 1 –M 2, M 2 –M 3, M 3 –CuA 1, CuA 1 –CuA 2, and CuA 2 –2A.</p><p>VFW (Fig. 95): as DFW; ground color brown with dark yellow sparse scales at discal cell.</p><p>VHW (Fig. 95): as DHW; ground color brown with yellow sparse scales.</p><p>Abdome: dorsally and ventrally dark brown and yellow.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 165): tegumen rectangular, posterior margin with two pairs of lateral apophysis, the outer asymmetrical and bifid. Anterior projection of saccus triangular, anterior margin rounded. Uncus rectangular, almost same size as tegumen, distal margin pointed; lateral margin slightly truncated. Valva rectangular, twice as long as wide; costa rounded, covered by small spines on internal margin; distal margin rounded and serrated; dorso–distal projection as a triangular process; sacculus rectangular, about 1/2 the length of valva. Fultura inferior distally bifid, with distal margin rounded. Aedeagus cylindrical, slightly sinuous on proximal half; insertion of manica in third proximal of aedeagus; opening for ejaculatory bulb rounded; distal margin sharped; opening for vesica dorsal and lateral left, about 1/2 of size of aedeagus; cornuti forming two lines of sharp and conic spines, the first line with small spines located at third proximal, and second line with spines more developed and located at central region of aedeagus.</p><p>Female unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades mielkei sp. nov. is known only by two male specimens from Cosñipata Valley, Cusco, Peru, about 1.100 m a.s.l.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named to honor one of us, Olaf Hermann Hendrik Mielke, for his extensive contribution to the study of the Neotropical skippers, and for his dedication in mentoring many students in taxonomy of Lepidoptera during his whole life, including the latter and the former author of this paper.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Although clearly part of the “ epicalus group”, T. mielkei sp. nov. is immediately distinguished from the other species of the group by the ground color orangish, and the tegumen with two pairs of lateral apophysis, the outer asymmetrical and bifid. Telemiades mielkei sp. nov. is represented only by two specimens collected in the Cosñipata Valley, Cusco, Peru, an area that is rich in endemic species (e.g. Pyrcz et al. 2010).</p><p>Type material. Holotype male deposited at MHNL with the following labels: / HOLOTYPUS / PERU, CUZ- CO, COSÑIPATA VALLEY, QUEBRADA QUITACALZÓN, 13º 01’ S 71º 30’ W, 4–IV–2016 1.100m, O. MIELKE LEG ./ Holotypus Telemiades mielkei Siewert &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/.</p><p>Paratypes. One male specimen with same data as holotype, bearing the label OM 79.821 . Deposited at DZUP– OM.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF86FFFDD790FF2833F3F9CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF87FFFDD790F9ED320EF838.text	0383CD7AFF87FFFDD790F9ED320EF838.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eudamus centrites Hewitson 1870	<div><p>“ centrites group”</p><p>Species included:</p><p>Telemiades centrites (Hewitson, 1870)</p><p>Telemiades chrysorrhoea (Godman &amp; Salvin, 1893)</p><p>Telemiades contra Evans, 1953</p><p>Telemiades gallius (Mabille, 1888)</p><p>Telemiades esmeraldas Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>The “ centrites group” is composed of five species characterized by the following characters: VHW with yellowish patch on the anal margin, posterior margin of tegumen with two pairs of lateral apophysis and valva with elongated distal margin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF87FFFDD790F9ED320EF838	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF80FFFAD790FDA537B3F8D2.text	0383CD7AFF80FFFAD790FDA537B3F8D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades centrites (Hewitson 1870)	<div><p>Telemiades centrites (Hewitson, 1870)</p><p>(Figs 96, 97, 214)</p><p>Eudamus centrites Hewitson, 1870 . Equat. Lep. 4, p. 75; Canelos [Pastaza], Ecuador, Buckley leg.— Kirby, 1879. Cat. Coll. Diurn. Lep. Hewitson, p. 213.</p><p>Telegonus centrites; Kirby, 1871. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., p. 574.— Watson, 1893. Proc. zool. Soc. London, p. 26.— Mabille, 1903, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 25.—Dyar, 1913. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 45: 640.— Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 69.</p><p>Thymele centrites; Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912. Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (9)16: 103, 108.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross– Schmett. Erde 5, p. 867.</p><p>Astraptes centrites; Williams &amp; Hayward, 1944. Acta zool. Lill. 2: 106.</p><p>Telemiades centrites centrites; Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 25, pl. 27 (male gen.).— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 56, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.: centrides .— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 744; syn.: centrides .</p><p>(no genus) centrites; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 108.</p><p>Telemiades centrites; Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 23; 2, p. 36.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 37; 2, p. 59.</p><p>Telemiades centrides [sic]; Murray, 2000. Jour. Res. Lep. 35: 53.</p><p>Type material. Eudamus centrites Hewitson, 1870 was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from Canelos [Pastaza], Ecuador. One male syntype was found at NHMUK with the same characteristics published in the original description, and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / 19/ Type H T [verso from the same label:] H 195/ [red label]/ Ecuador. Hewitson Coll. 79–69 Eudamus centrites . Hew/ BMNH(E) #1236503/. In order to stabilize the identity of this species, this male specimen is hereby designated lectotype of Eudamus centrites Hewitson, 1870 and the following labels will be attached: / Lectotypus / Lectotypus Eudamus centrites Hewitson, 1870 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. These labels will be sent to the curator for the collection.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 27 mm (n=1). Telemiades centrites is distinguished from all other species of the “ centrites group” by the ground color light brown and VHW without a compact ochre yellow patch. Since only a single specimen of T. centrites was available for examination, this material was not dissected and for this reason, no illustrations are provided for the male genitalia of this species.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades centrites has its known distribution on the east side of the Andes on Ecuador, with records on the provinces of Bolívar and Pastaza. The specific records include the Biological Reserve of Jatun Sacha (Murray 2000), the Pastaza River, in Abitagua (Warren et al. 2016), and in Balzapamba.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Eudamus centrites has been transferred to Telegonus by Kirby (1871), Thymele by Mabille &amp; Boullet (1912), Astraptes by Williams &amp; Hayward (1944) and lastly, to Telemiades by Evans (1953). Although T. centrites resembles some species of Astraptes (e.g. A. anaphus (Cramer, 1777) and A. phalaecus (Godman &amp; Salvin, 1893)), the genitalia can be used to correctly separate it from them.</p><p>Examined material. ECUADOR: data from lectotype already mentioned (NHMUK) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF80FFFAD790FDA537B3F8D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF80FFFBD790F8D83173FAA8.text	0383CD7AFF80FFFBD790F8D83173FAA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades chrysorrhoea (Godman & Salvin 1893)	<div><p>Telemiades chrysorrhoea (Godman &amp; Salvin, 1893)</p><p>(Figs 98–101, 166, 214)</p><p>Thymele chrysorrhoea Godman &amp; Salvin, 1893 . Biol. Centr.–Amer., Lep.–Rhop. 2, p. 315, pl. 78, figs 13, 14 (male d, v); l male [holotype], Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama, Champion leg., 3000 ft.; Godman &amp; Salvin collection.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 867.</p><p>Thymele chrysorrhaea [sic]; Mabille, 1903, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 27.— Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912. Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (9)16: 105, 108.</p><p>Telegonus chrysorrhaea [sic]; Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 72.</p><p>(no genus) chrysorrhoea; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 116.</p><p>Telemiades chrysorrhoea; Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 25 [as synonym from Telemiades centrites gallius].— Burns &amp; Janzen, 2005. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington 107 (4): 777.—Miller; Janzen &amp; Hallwachs, 2007. 100 Butterflies and Moths, p. 187, fig. 67 (larva), pl. 67 (d); biol.— Janzen et al., 2011. PLoS ONE 6 (8): 8, 9.—Garwood &amp; Lehman, 2013. Butt. C. Amer. 3, Hesp., p. 61, figs (d, v).</p><p>Type material. Thymele chrysorrhoea Godman &amp; Salvin, 1893 was described based on one male [holotype] from Volcan de Chiriquí [Barú], Panama. The male holotype is deposited at the NHMUK with the following labels: / Type / Type [verso from the same label:] H 194/ V[olcano]. de Chiriqui, 25–40[?] ft. Champion./ Sp. figured./ B.C.A. Lep. Rhop. Thymele chrysorrhoea, G. &amp; S./ Godman–Salvin Coll. 1912.–23./ BMNH(E) #1236054/.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 23 mm (n=2). Telemiades chrysorrhoea is distinguished from other species of the “ centrites group” by the absence or reduction of the three apical hyaline spots in R 3 –R 4, R 4 –R 5, and R 5 –M 1 in FW.</p><p>Natural history. Janzen &amp; Hallwachs (2009) partially illustrated the immatures stages of T. chrysorrhoea found at Area de Conservación de Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Immatures have been reported on some Fabaceae species: Inga herrerae, I. leiocalcynia, I. longispica, I. marginata, I. mortoniana, I. punctata, I. sapindoides, I. semialata, I. vera, and Zygia palmana .</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades chrysorrhoea is known only from Chiriquí, Panama, and from Conservation Area of Guanacaste, Costa Rica.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Thymele chrysorrhoea Godman &amp; Salvin, 1893 was first transferred to Telegonus (Shepard 1931) . Next, it was synonymized by Evans (1953) with Telemiades centrites gallius . This synonym was accepted until Burns &amp; Janzen (2005), who removed T. chrysorrhoea from it and re–established the status of Telemiades gallius . The analysis of the type material of T. chrysorrhoea and Telemiades gallius reinforces the interpretation of Burns &amp; Janzen (2005), who treated them as distinct species from T. centrites . Despite its similarity with T. gallius, T. chrysorrhoea can be easily distinguished from the former by the absence or reduction of the three apical hyaline spots in R 3 –R 4, R 4 –R 5 and R 5 –M 1 in FW and by the orange spot on the outer margin in HW. Besides morphological characters, Burns &amp; Janzen (2005) indicated that molecular data also corroborate the distinction between the two species. Although occurring in sympatry, T. chrysorrhoea is typical of nebulous forest environments, occurring between 800–1400 m, while T. gallius is considered rare and occurs in wet forest areas between 600–900 m in the Area de Conservación de Guanacaste, Costa Rica (Burns &amp; Janzen 2005).</p><p>Examined material. PANAMA: Chiriqui —no specific locality, 1 male, NHMUK 010242182 * (NHMUK). Holotype with data already mentioned.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF80FFFBD790F8D83173FAA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF81FFF8D790FA0E3079FD0A.text	0383CD7AFF81FFF8D790FA0E3079FD0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades contra Evans 1953	<div><p>Telemiades contra Evans, 1953</p><p>(Figs 102–105, 167, 214)</p><p>Telemiades centrites contra Evans, 1953 . Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 25; [holo] type male, Chimbo, Ecuador; BM(NH).—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 27; 2, p. 36.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 45; 2, p. 59.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 56, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 744.—Garwood &amp; Lehman, 2013. Butt. C. Amer. 3, Hesp., p. 60, figs (d, v).</p><p>(no genus) contra; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 117.</p><p>Type material. Telemiades centrites contra Evans, 1953 was described based on the male [holo]type from Chimbo, Ecuador, and from a female from Balzapamba, Ecuador. The male holotype is deposited at the NHMUK and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Type H T [verso from the same label:] contra Evans / Chimbo Equateur M.de Mathan 1891/ R. Oberthür Coll. Brit. Mus. 1931–136/ [label with genitalia attached]/ BMNH(E) #1236501/.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 25–26 mm (n=3) and females 28 mm (n=1). Telemiades contra resembles T. chrysorrhoea and T. gallius but is distinguished from the first by the presence of the three apical hyaline spots in R 3 –R 4, R 4 –R 5, and R 5 –M 1 in FW, and by the latter by the yellow fringes in VHW. Additionally, T. contra has its known distribution in South America, while T. chrysorrhoea and T. gallius occurs in Central America.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades contra is known from the Ecuatorian Provinces of Bolívar, Morona Santiago, and Pastaza.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Originally, Telemiades contra was described as a subspecies of T. centrites by Evans (1953). However, the morphology of the male genitalia of T. contra (examined) differs from the illustration of T. centrites (Evans 1953) . Several wing characters already discussed, also distinguish the two species. In addition, Li et al. (2019) justified its new species status by molecular data. T. centrites and T. contra may occur in sympatry, since both species have been found in the Ecuadorian provinces of Bolívar and Pastaza. Since only a single female specimen of T. contra was available for examination, this material was not dissected and for this reason, no illustrations are provided for the female genitalia of this species.</p><p>Examined material. ECUADOR: Bolivar— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.166664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.166664/lat -2.2)">Balzapamba</a>, XI–1893 a II–1984, 1 female, M. de Mathan leg., NHMUK 010242183 (NHMUK); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.166664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.166664/lat -2.2)">Chimbo</a>, III–1905, 1 male, M. de Mathan leg., BMNH(E) 1236501* (NHMUK). Morona–Santiago— Macas, Parque Nacional Sangay, 02° 12’S, 78° 10’W, 1250 m, 8–I–2012, J.–C. Petit leg. (CEB). Pastaza— Canelos, 1 male, Buckley leg., NHMUK 010242184 (NHMUK); Baños a Canelos, IX–X–1894, 1 male, M. de Mathan leg., NHMUK 010242185 (NHMUK) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF81FFF8D790FA0E3079FD0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF82FFF9D790FC903080FDDE.text	0383CD7AFF82FFF9D790FC903080FDDE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades gallius (Mabille 1888)	<div><p>Telemiades gallius (Mabille, 1888)</p><p>(Figs 106–109, 168, 214)</p><p>Telegonus gallius Mabille, 1888 . Le Nat. (2)2 (33): 170, fig. 5 (d, v); male, Chiriqui, [Panama]; Staudinger collecion.— Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 73.</p><p>Thymele gallius; Godman &amp; Salvin, 1893. Biol. Centr.–Amer., Lep.–Rhop. 2, p. 315.— Mabille, 1903, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 27.— Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912. Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (9)16: 104.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 867, pl. 168b (d, v).—Martin, 1941. Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. “Javier Prado”, Lima, 5: 455.</p><p>Astraptes gallius; Hayward, 1947. Acta zool. Lill. 4: 251.</p><p>Telemiades centrites gallius; Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 25, pl. 27 (male gen.); syn.: chrysorrhoea .—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 25, 47; 2, p. 36; syn.: chrysorrhoea .—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 40, 74; 2, p. 59; syn.: chrysorrhoea .— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 56, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.: chrysorrhoea, chrysorrhaea .— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 744; syn.: chrysorrhoea, chrysorrhaea . — Beccaloni et al., 2008. Monografías Tercer Milenio 8: 103; host plant.—Garwood &amp; Lehman, 2013. Butt. C. Amer. 3, Hesp., p. 60, figs (d, v).</p><p>(no genus) gallius; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 150.</p><p>Telemiades gallius; Burns &amp; Janzen, 2005. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington 107 (4): 777.</p><p>Type material. Telegonus gallius Mabille, 1888 was described based on male specimens from Chiriqui [Panama] in the Otto Staudinger collection. One male syntype was found at NHMUK with the same characteristics published in the original description (Mabille 1888, p. 170, fig. 5), and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Origin/ Chiriqui Ribbe/ Tel. gallius Mab. / gallius Mab. / gallius Mab. /. In order to stabilize the identity of this species, this male specimen is hereby designated lectotype of Telegonus gallius and the following labels will be attached: / Lectotypus / Lectotypus Telegonus gallius Mabille, 1888, Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. These labels will be sent to the curator for the collection.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 25 mm (n=2) and females 26 mm (n=1). Telemiades gallius resembles T. chrysorrhoea but is distinguished by the following characters: presence of the three apical hyaline spots in R 3 –R 4, R 4 –R 5, and R 5 –M 1 in FW, and a yellowish patch on outer margin in HW, while T. chrysorrhoea has an orangish patch.</p><p>Natural history. Janzen &amp; Hallwachs (2009) partially illustrated the immatures stages of T. gallius found at Area de Conservación de Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Immatures have been reported on some species of Inga (Fabaceae): I. chocoensis, I. oerstediana, and I. sapindoides .</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades gallius was recorded in Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Telegonus gallius Mabille, 1888 has been transferred to the genera Thymele (Godman &amp; Salvin 1893) and Astraptes (Hayward 1947c) . Subsequently, Evans (1953) transferred it to Telemiades and interpreted it as a subspecies of Telemiades centrites (Hewitson, 1870) . In addition, Evans (1953) synonymized T. chrysorrhoea with T. centrites gallius . Burns &amp; Janzen (2005) raised Telemiades gallius back to species and took T. chrysorrhoea out of the synonym. The analysis of the type material of T. gallius and T. chrysorrhoea reinforces the interpretation of Burns &amp; Janzen (2005) who treated them as a distinct species from T. centrites . Besides the morphological characters, Burns &amp; Janzen (2005) indicated that the distinction between the two species is corroborated by molecular data. In the Area de Conservación de Guanacaste, Costa Rica, T. gallius is considered rare and occurs in rainforest areas between 600–900 m, while T. chrysorrhoea is typical of a misty forest environment occurring between 800–1400 m (Burns &amp; Janzen 2005).</p><p>Examined material. COSTA RICA: Cartago— Tuis, 900 m, 10–IX–1987, ex–coll. R. Brabant (RBINS) .</p><p>PANAMA: Chiriqui— no specific locality, 2 males, OM 41.502, OM 41.510 * (DZUP–OM); Fortuna Valley, Rio Hornito, 1 female , 5–IX–1901, ex–coll. Majerus, NHMUK 010242181 (NHMUK) . Panama— Cerro Campana, 800 m, 1 female, 2–IX–1967, Small leg., DZ 26.355 (DZUP) .</p><p>COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca— no specific locality, 1 male (ZSM) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF82FFF9D790FC903080FDDE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFF83FFF9D790FDD636B0F83D.text	0383CD7AFF83FFF9D790FDD636B0F83D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades esmeraldas Siewert, Mielke & Casagrande 2020	<div><p>Telemiades esmeraldas Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 110, 111, 169, 214)</p><p>Diagnosis. Telemiades esmeraldas Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov. is distinguished from other species of the “ centrites group” by the hind wings completely dark brown in DW and with an yellowish patch (about 0.5 mm) on outer margin in CuA 1 –3A in VHW.</p><p>Description. Head: frond and vertex dark brown. Eyes surrounded by yellow scales. Labial palpi with first and second segments dark brown and yellowish; third segment dark brown. Antennae dark brown, base of each segment ventrally cream; apiculus ventrally cream; nudum of 22 segments.</p><p>Thorax: dorsally and ventrally dark brown with yellowish scales.</p><p>FW: length of males 24 mm (n=2). DFW (Fig. 110): ground color dark brown; two dark brown cellular spots (upper and lower); dark brown spot at distal margin of discal cell; three dark brown apical spots in M 3 –CuA 1, CuA 1 –CuA 2, and CuA 2 –2A; three dark brown discal spots in R 3 –R 4, R 4 –R 5, and R 5 –M 1, the last smaller; five dark brown submarginal spots in R 3 –R 4, R 4 –R 5, R 5 –M 1, M 1 –M 2, and M 2 –M 3.</p><p>DHW (Fig. 110): ground color dark brown.</p><p>VFW (Fig. 111): as DFW; ground color lighter.</p><p>VHW (Fig. 111): as DHW; six dark brown submarginal spots as an irregular band in Sc+R 1 –Rs, Rs–M 1, M 1 –M 2, M 2 –M 3, M 3 –CuA 1, and CuA 1 –CuA 2; yellowish patch on outer margin from CuA 1 to 3A, with about 0.5 mm.</p><p>Abdome: dorsal and ventral dark brown with yellowish scales.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 169): tegumen rectangular, posterior margin with two pairs of lateral apophysis. Anterior projection of saccus triangular, anterior margin rounded. Uncus rectangular, almost half size of tegumen, distal margin with two lateral quadrate and truncated projections. Valva rectangular, three times longer than wide; costa rounded; distal margin elongated and serrated; sacculus rectangular, about 1/3 the length of valva. Fultura inferior distally bifid, with distal margin rounded. Aedeagus cylindrical; insertion of manica in the middle of aedeagus; opening for ejaculatory bulb rounded; distal margin truncated; opening for vesica about 1/3 of size of aedeagus; cornuti as numerous sharped spines with same size, disposed in lines.</p><p>Female unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades esmeraldas sp. nov. is only known from its type locality.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is named after the Department of Esmeraldas, Ecuador, where the specimens were collected.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Although clearly part of the “ centrites group”, T. esmeraldas sp. nov. is easily distinguished from the species of this group by VHW being completely dark brown with a yellowish patch on the outer margin in CuA 1 to 3A, with a 0.5 mm wide. Telemiades esmeraldas sp. nov. was collected in the Department of Esmeraldas, Ecuador, in the biogeographic region of Chocó, an area considered a biodiversity hotspot due to the high degree of endemism (Gentry 1992).</p><p>Type material. Holotype male deposited at DZUP–OM with the following labels: / HOLOTYPUS / XI–2005 DEPT. ESMERALDAS EQUADOR 600—1000 m M. BÜCHE LEG./ OM 69.555 / BC–OM 69.555 / Holotypus Telemiades esmeraldas Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/.</p><p>Paratype. ECUADOR: Carchi — Carmelo, 2.300 m, 0º51’ N, 78º 14’ W, IX–2017, H. Thony leg., OM 86.757 (DZUP–OM). Esmeraldas —no specific locality, 1 male, 2–VII–2006, M. Büche leg., OM 69.548 * (DZUP–OM) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFF83FFF9D790FDD636B0F83D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFFCFF87D790F8D9329FFE6A.text	0383CD7AFFFCFF87D790F8D9329FFE6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades megallus Mabille 1888	<div><p>“ megallus group”</p><p>Species included:</p><p>Telemiades megallus Mabille, 1888</p><p>Telemiades squanda Evans, 1953</p><p>Telemiades moa Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>The “ megallus group” is composed of three species characterized by the following characters: DFW with purple reflections; uncus short, about 1/3 the size of tegumen; latero–posterior apophysis of tegumen short, half size of latero–anterior apophysis, which is slightly sinuous dorsally; valva with distal projection rounded, margin serrated, and dorso–distal margin with a crested–like projection; aedeagus long, slightly curved; insertion of manica in proximal fourth of aedeagus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFFCFF87D790F8D9329FFE6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFFDFF84D790FCB73716FE6A.text	0383CD7AFFFDFF84D790FCB73716FE6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades megallus Mabille 1888	<div><p>Telemiades megallus Mabille, 1888</p><p>(Figs 112, 113, 170, 215)</p><p>Telemiades megallus Mabille, 1888 . Le Nat. (2)2 (38): 221, fig. 4 [recte 3] (d, v); 1 male [holotype], Rio San Juan, [Colombia]; Staudinger collection.— Godman &amp; Salvin, 1893. Biol. Centr.–Amer., Lep.–Rhop. 2, p. 318; 3, pl. 79, figs 1, 2 (male d, v).— Mabille, 1903, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 28.— Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912. Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (9)16: 118, 121.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 869.— Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 77.—Williams &amp; Bell, 1934. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 60: 28, pl. 1, fig. 12 (male gen.).—F. Hoffmann, 1934. Ent. Rdsch., Stuttgart, 51: 27.— Shepard, 1936. Lep. Cat. 74, p. 616.—Field, 1940. Bull. Univ. Kansas 41: 352.—C. Hoffmann, 1941. An. Inst. Biol., Mexico, 12: 247.—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 73; 2, p. 36.— Steinhauser, 1975. Bull. Allyn Mus. 29: 11.—C. Hoffmann, 1976. Publ. Esp. Soc. Mex. Lep. 1: 121.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 116; 2, p. 60.— Steinhauser, 1989. Bull. Allyn Mus. 127: 13, fig. 72 (male gen.).—Llorente–Bousquets; Luis–Martínez &amp; Vargas–Fernández, 1990. Publ. esp. Mus. Zool., Mexico, 1: 28.—Stanford &amp; Opler, 1993. Atlas West. USA Butt., p. 22.—R. G. de la Maza E. &amp; J. de la Maza E., 1993. Marip. Chiapas, p. 202.—Austin et al., 1999. Trop. Lep. 9, Suppl. 2: 16.—Warren, 2000, in Llorente; González &amp; Papavero (eds). Biodiv., Tax., Biogeogr. Art. Mex. 2, p. 550.—Sánchez, 2002. Entomotropica 17: 112.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 56, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 747.—Salazar et al., 2010. Bol. cient. mus. hist. nat., Manizales, 14 (1): 157.—J. Miller et al., 2012. Insecta Mundi 205: 41.—Luis–M., Salinas–G. &amp; Llorente–B., 2011, in Álvarez (coord.). Chiapas: estudios diversidad biol., Inst. Biol., UNAM, Mexico, p. 387.—Garwood &amp; Lehman, 2013. Butt. C. Amer. 3, Hesp., p. 62, figs (male d, v, female v).—Basset et al., 2015. PLOS ONE 10 (8) (e0136623), S1 App.</p><p>(no genus) megallus; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 197.</p><p>Telemiades epicaulis [sic] megallus; Raguso &amp; Llorente, 1997, in González; Dirzo &amp; Vogt (eds). Hist. Nat. Tuxtlas. Inst. Biol., UNAM, p. 290.</p><p>Type material. Telemiades megallus Mabille, 1888 was described base on one male [holotype] from Rio San Juan, Colombia, in Otto Staudinger collection. The male holotype is deposited at the ZMHU, where the Staudinger material is housed, and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018), with the following labels: / Origin/ Rio San Juan Columb. Fritsch/ Telem. Megallus ♂ Mab./ Telemiad. Megallus ♂ Mab./ Megallus Mab./.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 17–19 mm (n=5). Telemiades megallus resembles T. squanda and the females of T. choricus but is distinguished by VHW with a white patch covering about half of its posterior surface. Additionally, the internal region of valva has a spine–like developed projection.</p><p>Variation. The white patch on VHW varies in color intensity, and in some specimens could be whitish blue.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades megallus occurs in Amazonian forest areas, with records in Panama, Colombia, and French Guiana.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. In the original description, Telemiades megallus Mabille, 1888 was erroneously illustrated as T. misitheus (also described in the same work and illustrated as T. megallus). Evans (1953: 27, Plate 27) misinterpreted T. megallus as a subspecies of T. epicalus . The drawing of the male genitalia of T. epicalus megallus by Evans (1953) makes it clear that the species being illustrated was T. choricus . This probably happened in view of the similarity between T. choricus females and T. megallus males. Later, Steinhauser (1975, 1989) restored the specific status of T. megallus, describing and detailing the male, and also the male and female of T. choricus . Contrary to what Steinhauser (1975, 1989) wrote, the holotype of T. megallus is a male.</p><p>Examined material. PANAMA: Panama— Gamboa, 16–X–1979, 1 male, Robbins leg., OM 29.669 * (DZUP– OM) .</p><p>COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca— Buenaventura, 250 m, 16–VII–1981, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., OM 29.621 * (DZUP–OM) .</p><p>FRENCH GUIANA: no specific locality, 1 male, OM 40.983 * (DZUP–OM) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFFDFF84D790FCB73716FE6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFFEFF85D790FDB0376CFC2A.text	0383CD7AFFFEFF85D790FDB0376CFC2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades squanda Evans 1953	<div><p>Telemiades squanda Evans, 1953</p><p>(Figs 114–117, 171, 201, 215)</p><p>Telemiades purpurascens [misidentification]; Hayward, 1947. Acta zool. Lill. 4: 10; syn.: nicomedes; Hayward.— Hayward, 1948. Gen. Sp. Anim. Arg. 1, p. 137, pls 5, fig. 10 (male gen.), 20, fig. 13 (d).— Hayward, 1973. Op. Lill. 23: 37.— Canals, 2003. Marip. Misiones, p. 457.</p><p>Telemiades squanda Evans, 1953 . Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 25, pl. 27 (male gen.); [holo] type male, VIII–IX–1884, Lake Sacuaresma, Rio de Janeiro, [Brasil], P. Germain leg.; BM(NH).—K. Brown &amp; Mielke, 1967. Jour. Lep. Soc. 21: 164.—de Jong, 1983. Tijd. Ent. 126: 241.—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 112; 2, p. 36.—K. Brown, 1987. An. Prim. Simp. Pantanal, Brasília, p. 167.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 177; 2, p. 60.—Austin; Brock &amp; Mielke, 1993. Trop. Lep. 4, Suppl. 2: 6; ecol.—K. Brown &amp; Freitas, 2000. Bol. Mus. Biol. Mello Leitão, n. s., Sta. Teresa, 11/12: 111.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 57, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 749.—Gareca et al., 2006, in Gareca &amp; Reichle. Marip. diurn. Bolivia, p. 18.—Garwood et al., 2007. Butt. South. Amaz., p. 213, fig. (d).—Núñez B., 2008. Trop. Lep. Res. 18 (2): 80.—Garwood et al., 2009. Butt. South. Amaz., 2nd ed., p. 308, fig. (d).—Núñez B., 2009. Trop. Lep. Res. 19 (2): 77.—Cock &amp; Alston-Smith, 2017. Living World, J. Trin. Tob. Field Nat. Club 2017: 7, 10, 11.—Sambhu &amp; Nankishore, 2018. Zootaxa 4371: 14.</p><p>Iliana purpurascens [misidentification]; Biezanko &amp; Mielke, 1973. Acta biol. paranaense 2: 65.</p><p>(no genus) squanda; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 263.</p><p>Type material. Telemiades squanda Evans, 1953 was described based on seven males and one female from Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Goiás, and Rio de Janeiro states), Bolivia, and Guyana. The male holotype is from Sacuaresma [Saquarema], Rio de Janeiro, [Brazil] and is deposited at the NHMUK with the following labels: / Type [verso from the same label:] squanda Evans / Brésil Prov. Rio Janeiro Laguna de Sacuaresma P. Germain Aout. Sept. 1884 / R. Oberthür Coll. Brit. Mus. 1931–136/ [label with genitalia attached] Ed/ 26/ BMNH(E) 1669623/.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 20–21 mm (n=5) and females 24–25 mm (n=5). Telemiades squanda resembles T. meris and T. trenda but is easily distinguished by DFW with purple reflection and the morphological pattern of male and female genitalias. T. squanda differs from T. megallus by the absence of the spine–like developed projection in the valva, and from T. moa Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov. by the white patch in VHW.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades squanda is widely distributed in South America, with records in Peru, Bolivia, Guyana, Brazil, and Argentina.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Telemiades squanda was erroneously associated with Telemiades purpurascens Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912 [ Emmelus purpurascens] by Hayward (1947a, 1948, 1973) and Canals (2003). Emmelus purpurascens is phenotypically similar to T. squanda but can be readily distinguished by the yellowish coloration of the labial palps and the first pair of legs, in conjunction with the morphological pattern of the genitalia. The holotype of T. squanda is from Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, while the paratypes are from Guyana, Bolivia and the Brazilian states of Amazonas, Pará and Goiás. The phenotype of the holotype differs from the paratypes in the ground color and development of the apical hyaline spots in FW. The analysis of the genitalia of the paratypes (except the female from the Amazon) revealed no differences with respect to the holotype. It was not possible to dissect the female paratype from Ega [Tefé], Amazonas. However, two females (deposited in the DZUP) also from Amazonas, were dissected, and revealed the same features as the paratype, but distinct from the female of T. squanda from Rio de Janeiro (same site as the holotype), and from the “ megallus group”. Therefore, the female from the Amazon may represent an undescribed species. The application of molecular tools for the correct pairing of these specimens is encouraged.</p><p>Examined material. PERU: Huánuco— Merced de Locro, near Tingo Maria, 5–XII–1968, 1 male, P. Hocking leg. (MHNL). Pasco— Parque Nacional Yanachaga–Chemillén, Estación Biológica Paujil, 10º 19’ 25’’ S, 75º 15’ 48’’ W, 22–V–2008, 1 male, J. Grados, S. Carbonel &amp; C. Calderón leg. (MHNL) . San Martin— Juanjui, 2001, 1 female, F. König leg., ex–coll. F. König (CEB) .</p><p>BOLIVIA: La Paz— Yungas, 1000 m, 1 male, ex. H. Rolle 1902, NHMUK 010242114 * (NHMUK) .</p><p>GUYANA: no specific locality, 1 male, Parish leg., NHMUK 010242112 * (NHMUK); Carimang River, 1 male, H. Whitely leg., NHMUK 010242113 (NHMUK) .</p><p>BRAZIL: Amazonas— Tefé, 1 female, H. W. Bates leg., BMNH (E) 1669624 (NHMUK). Pará— no specific locality, 1 male, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242115 * (NHMUK). Goiás— Vianópolis, 1 male, R. Spitz leg., NHMUK 010242116 * (NHMUK). Distrito Federal— Planaltina, 11-VII-2009, 1 male, Emery leg., ex-coll. Emery, DZ 47.122 (DZUP). Minas Gerais— Marliéria, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, 350 m, 8–9–III–1994, 2 males, Mielke leg., DZ 4.661*, DZ 26.252 (DZUP). São Paulo— Rio Claro, 15–XI–1967, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, OM 45.320 * (DZUP–OM). Rio de Janeiro— Itatiaia, 22–II–1930, 1 male, ex–coll. J. F. Zikán (IOC); 4–III–1930, 1 female, ex–coll. Zikán (IOC); 9–IV–1934, 1 female, ex–coll. Zikán (IOC); Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, 1000 m, 1–V–1965, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 6.884 (DZUP–OM); 700 m, 11–IV–1965, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 3.177* (DZUP); 800 m, 16–IV–1965, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.256 (DZUP). Paraná— Antonina, Rio Quebrada, 8-IV-2004, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 76.314 (DZUP-OM); Guaratuba, Limeira, 10 m, 15–IV– 2000, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 51.887 (DZUP–OM); Morretes, 10 m, 5–IV–2001, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 53.109 (DZUP–OM). Santa Catarina— Joinville, 21–III–1967, 1 male, Miers leg., OM 29.771 (DZUP–OM); 10–200 m, 22–II–1977, 1 male, Miers &amp; Mielke leg., DZ 25.251 (DZUP); São Bento do Sul, Rio Natal, 500 m, 13–III–1990, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 25.238 (DZUP–OM); 18–V–1993, 1 male, 19–III–2009, 1 male, 16–IV–2014, 1 male, Rank leg., OM 35.216 , DZ 26.244, DZ 36.132 (DZUP and DZUP–OM). Rio Grande do Sul— Barra do Quaraí, Marco Rios Quaraí e Uruguai, 11-I-2004, 1 male, Kaminski leg., OM 64.311 (DZUP-OM) .</p><p>ARGENTINA: Misiones— Almirante Brown— General Belgrano, Reserva Yacutinga, 2–5–III–2007, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 10.332*, DZ 26.253, DZ 26.254, DZ 26.255 (DZUP) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFFEFF85D790FDB0376CFC2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFFFFF82D790FBF133E5FD0A.text	0383CD7AFFFFFF82D790FBF133E5FD0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades moa Siewert, Mielke & Casagrande 2020	<div><p>Telemiades moa Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 118, 119, 172, 215)</p><p>Diagnosis. Telemiades moa Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov. is distinguished from the other species of the “ megallus group” by VHW without a white patch. Besides, the purple reflection on DW is stronger than in the other species of “ megallus group”.</p><p>Description. Head: frons and vertex dark brown, with a few yellow scales. Eyes surrounded by yellow scales. Labial palpi dark brown and greyish, third segment dark brown. Antennae dark brown, base of each segment ventrally cream from half to apiculus; nudum of 26 segments.</p><p>Thorax: dorsally dark brown; ventrally dark brown and yellow.</p><p>FW: length of males 17 mm (n=1). DFW (Fig. 118): ground color dark brown with purple reflections; four dark brown spots: two cellular (upper and lower) and two discal in CuA 1 –CuA 2, and CuA 2 –2A; three apical hyaline spots in R 3 –R 4, R 4 –R 5 e R 5 –M 1; five dark brown submarginal spots in M 1 –M 2, M 2 –M 3, M 3 –CuA 1, CuA 1 –CuA 2, and CuA 2 –2A.</p><p>DHW (Fig. 118): ground color dark brown with purple reflections; two dark brown rounded spots in inferior cellular and CuA2–2A; six submarginal dark spots as an irregular band in Rs–M 1, M 1 –M 2, M 2 –M 3, M 3 –CuA 1, CuA 1 –CuA 2, and CuA 2 –2A.</p><p>VFW (Fig. 119): as DFW; costal margin metallic blue until R 3; spots more evident.</p><p>VHW (Fig. 119): as DHW; spots more evident; dark brown spot on anal region.</p><p>Abdome: dorsally dark brown; ventrally dark brown and yellow.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 172): tegumen rounded; posterior margin with two pairs of lateral apophysis extending until the half size of uncus. Anterior projection of saccus triangular, anterior margin rounded. Uncus short, almost half size of tegumen, distal margin with two lateral rounded apophysis and central region curved ventrally. Valva rectangular, twice longer than wide; costa rectangular; distal projection rounded, with serrated margin and a crest–like projection in the disto–dorsal region; sacculus rectangular, about 1/2 the length of valva. Fultura inferior distally bifid, with distal margin rounded. Aedeagus cylindrical; insertion of manica in proximal third of aedeagus; opening for ejaculatory bulb rounded; distal margin truncated; opening for vesica about 1/3 of size of aedeagus; cornuti as two lines of thin and conic spines, the proximal ones shorter.</p><p>Female unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades moa sp. nov. is currently known only for its type locality: Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Mâncio Lima, Acre, Brazil.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is named after the River Moa, located at Acre state, Brazil.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Telemiades moa sp. nov. is easily distinguished from the other species of the “ megallus group” by VHW without the white patch and by the tegumen with one pair of lateral apophysis, especially the shorter aedeagus and the totally sclerotized fultura inferior. However, T. moa sp. nov. resembles the other species of the “ megallus group” by the purple reflection of the ground color of the wings and by the morphological pattern of the uncus and the valva.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male deposited at DZUP with the following labels: / HOLOTYPUS / 23–30–VIII– 2014, RIO MOA, P[ar]Q.[ue] NAC.[ional] SERRA DO DIVISOR (SÉDE), MÂNCIO LIMA, ACRE, BRASIL, MIELKE, CASAGRANDE, CARNEIRO, DIAS, DOLIBAINA, SIEWERT &amp; SALIK LEG 7º 26’ 52’’ S, 73º 39’ 55’’ / DZ 32.676 / Holotypus Telemiades moa Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/ GEN. PREP. R. SIEW- ERT/.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFFFFF82D790FBF133E5FD0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFF8FF80D790F8F432D0F9CE.text	0383CD7AFFF8FF80D790F8F432D0F9CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades nicomedes (Moschler 1879)	<div><p>Telemiades nicomedes (Möschler, 1879)</p><p>(Figs 120–123, 173, 202, 216)</p><p>Telegonus nicomedes Möschler, 1879 . Verh. zool.–bot. Ges. Wien 28 (1878): 208; 1 male, Colombia and 1 female, Brasil. Eudamus phlius Plötz, 1881 . Stett. ent. Ztg. 43: 97; nº 5.055 [holotype], Brasil; Mus. Berol. — Godman, 1907. Ann. &amp; Mag.</p><p>Nat. Hist. (7)20: 134.</p><p>Telemiades nicomedes; Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912. Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (9)16: 119, 121.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross– Schmett. Erde 5, p. 869, pl. 168e (d).— Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 79.—Hayward, 1935. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 7: 133.—Hayward, 1935. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 7: 193.—Hayward, 1941. Rev. Mus. La Plata, n. s., Zool. 2: 250.—Hayward, 1947. Acta zool. Lill. 4: 257.—Silva et al., 1968. Quarto Cat. Ins. viv. Plantas Brasil 2 (2), p. 320; host plant.—Ebert, 1968, in Silva et al. Quarto Cat. Ins. viv. Plantas Brasil 2 (2), p. 239.</p><p>Cogia phlius; Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1919. Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (10)2: 204, 207.— Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 878.—J. Zikán, 1928. Ent. Rdsch., Stuttgart, 45: 26.— Shepard, 1931. Lep. Cat. 47, p. 111.—Shepard, 1938. Lep. Cat. 74, p. 620.—J. Zikán &amp; W. Zikán, 1968. Pesq. agropec. bras. 3: 58.</p><p>Telemiades vespasius [misidentification]; Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 26, pl. 27 (male gen.); syn.: curtius, phlius .— Hayward, 1973. Op. Lill. 23: 37.—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 31, 93, 124; 2, p. 36; syn.: curtius, phlius .—Scott, 1986. Papilio, n. s., 3: 9.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 50, 148, 196; 2, p. 60; syn.: curtius, phlius .—K. Brown, 1992, in Morellato. Hist. nat. Japi, p. 176, fig. 16 (v).— Bridges, 1994. Cat. Fam.–Group, Gen.–Group, Sp. Group Nam. Hesp. (Lep.) World 8, p. 59, 177, 236; 9, p. 67; syn.: curtius, phlius .—C. Mielke, 1995. Revta bras. Zool. 11 (4): 7 61.—K. Brown &amp; Freitas, 2000. Bol. Mus. Biol. Mello Leitão, n. s., Sta. Teresa, 11/12: 112.— Canals, 2003. Marip. Misiones, p. 457.—O. Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 57, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.: curtius, phlius, vespacius.—O. Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 749; syn.: curtius, phlius, vespacius. —O. Mielke et al., 2012. Revta bras. Ent. 56 (1): 63.—Giovenardi et al., 2013. Rev. colomb. Ent. 39 (2), Supl., p. 12.—Beltrami et al., 2014. Trop. Lep. Res. 24 (1): 34.</p><p>(no genus) nicomedes; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 212.</p><p>(no genus) phlius; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 232.</p><p>Telemiades aff. nicomedes; J. de la Maza E. &amp; R. G. de la Maza E., 1985. Rev. Soc. Mex. Lep. 9: 42.—R. G. de la Maza E. &amp; White, 1990. Rev. Soc. Mex. Lep. 13: 84.</p><p>Type material. Telegonus nicomedes Möschler, 1879 was described based on one male from Colombia and one female from Brazil. Only the male specimen was found at ZMHU with the same characteristics published on the original description. However, this male specimen has a label written ‘Brasil’. This fact suggested that Möschler misinterpreted the sex of the female specimen from Brazil. The male specimen is illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Origin./ Brasil. Crft. 73./ Type. Vrhdlg. zool. bot. Gsellschft. 1878. p. 208./ 97: 4 [?]/ nicomedes Möschl. / Coll. Staudinger/ Coll. Möschl./ nicomedes Möschl. / GEN.PREP., MIELKE 1996/ http://coll.mfn–berlin.de/u/940b29/ DNA sample ID: NVG–15031E09 c/o Nick V. Grishin/. In order to stabilize the identity of this species, this male specimen is hereby designated lectotype of Telegonus nicomedes Möschler, 1879 and the following labels will be attached: / Lectotypus / Lectotypus Telegonus nicomedes Möschler, 1879 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. These labels will be sent to the curator for the collection.</p><p>Eudamus phlius Plötz, 1881 was described based on one specimen [holotype] from Brazil. The female holotype is deposited at the ZMHU and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Typus/ 5055/ phlius Plötz Type/ Brasil. Virmont/.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 23–25 mm (n=10) and females 26–28 mm (n=9). Telemiades nicomedes has the spot pattern of wings similar to T. epicalus but is immeditally distinguished by the ground color brown. The females are larger than males and have a quadrate HW. Besides, the morphological pattern of genitalias is unique in the genus: uncus quadrified, distally truncated; valva with distal margin rounded and a dorso–distal projection curved inwards; ductus bursae dilated on initial third and strongly sclerotized.</p><p>Variation. Some females have two narrow hyaline spots in M 3 –CuA 1 and CuA 1 –CuA 2 in FW.</p><p>Natural History. One adult male was collected feeding in flowers of Luehea divaricata Mart. in the municipality of Turvo, Paraná state, Brazil (Dolibaina com. pess.).</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades nicomedes occurs in forested areas of Atlantic Forest, with records in Argentina and in the Brazilian states of Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. After its decription, Telegonus nicomedes was transferred to Telemiades by Mabille &amp; Boullet (1912). Evans (1953) erroneously interpreted T. nicomedes as Telemiades vespasius (Fabricius, 1793) and his interpretation was followed by several authors. The specimen illustrated by Jones (Jones’ Icones 1785–1787) and which was used for the description of Hesperia vespasius does not correspond to any species of Telemiades, but to a species of Augiades (Siewert et al. in prep.).</p><p>By misinterpretation, Evans (1953) synonymized Hesperia curtius Fabricius, 1793 and Eudamus phlius Plötz, 1881, syn. nov. with T. vespasius . The examination of the type material of Eudamus phlius corroborates its synonymy with T. nicomedes, which type material was also examined. However, some of the material described by Fabricius was based only on Jones’ Icones figures, and in such cases, there are no type specimens (O. Karsholt, com. pess.). This applies also to H. curtius: the figure shown for this species does not correspond to any species of Telemiades (Siewert et al. in prep.).</p><p>Examined material. BRAZIL: Minas Gerais— Alto Caparaó, Parque Nacional de Caparaó, 6–8–II–1987, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 13.891 (DZUP); Brumadinho, Casa Branca, Córrego do Feijão, 900 m, 3– I–2002, 3 males and 1 female, O.–C. Mielke leg., OM 55.729, OM 55.763, OM 55.448, OM 55.609 (DZUP–OM); Caité, 1100 m, 7–I–2002, 4 males and 4 females, OM 55.217, OM 55.196, OM 55.182, OM 55.301, OM 55.161, OM 55.231, OM 55.189, OM 55.210 (DZUP–OM). Espírito Santo— no specific locality, 1 female, ex–coll. Fruhstorfer, NHMUK 010242088 (NHMUK). Rio de Janeiro— Cachoeiras de Macacu, Boca do Mato, 1–III–1992, 1 female, Tangerini leg., ex–coll. Tangerini, DZ 36.084 (DZUP); 23–III–1999, 1 female, Tangerini leg., ex–coll. Tangerini, DZ 36.086 (DZUP); Itatiaia, 31–XII–1929, 1 female, 5–I–1930, 1 female, 7–I–1930, 1 male, 8–I–1930, 1 female, 10–I–1930, 1 male, 26–XII–1931, 1 male, 31–XII–1931, 1 male, ex–coll. J. F. Zikán (IOC); II–1930, 1 female, I–1931, 1 female, B. Pohl leg. (MZUSP); 3–I–1933, 1 male, OM 8.201 (DZUP–OM); Nova Friburgo, 1 male, ex–coll. J. Arp, 58/176 (MNRJ); 1 male (ZMHU); Petrópolis, 1 male, 62/074 (MNRJ); Alto da Serra, 3–II– 1961, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 3.574 (DZUP–OM); Independência, 8–I–1968, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 29.753 (DZUP–OM); Resende, 1200 m, 2–II–1958, 1 female, R. Frey leg., DZ 26.349 (DZUP); Teresópolis, Serra dos Órgãos (Orgel–Gebirge), 800–1100 m, 13–I–1968, 1 female, Ebert leg., DZ 26.347 (DZUP). São Paulo— no specific locality, 1 male e 1 female, NHMUK 010242178 *, NHMUK 010242179 (NHMUK); Jundiaí, Serra do Japi, 20–II–1990, 1 female, Brown leg., OM 24.932 (DZUP–OM); Lins, 1 female, H. Rogers leg., NHMUK 010242087 (NHMUK); São Paulo, Ipiranga, I–1923, 1 male, B. Pohl leg. (MZUSP). Paraná— Balsa Nova, São Luiz do Purunã, 8–17–II–1991, 1 male, C. Mielke leg., OM 26.535 (DZUP–OM); Curitiba, Passaúna, 12–II–1993, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 34.588 (DZUP–OM); Lapa, III–1932, 2 females, B. Pohl leg. (MZUSP); Morretes, Alto da Serra, 800 m, 4–II–1989, 4 males and 1 female, 7–II–1989, 4 males and 2 females, 19–II–1989, 1 male, 25–II–1989, 1 male, 1–II–1990, 1 male, 8–II–1990, 1 male e 1 female, 28–I–1993, 1 male e 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 21.644, OM 21.706, OM 21.730, OM 52.343, OM 51.222, OM 21.895, OM 21.897, OM 21.972, OM 22.014, OM 21.875, OM 21.876, OM 21.749, OM 20.968, OM 51.156, OM 25.156, OM 25.287 *, OM 33.966 *, OM 33.829 (DZUP–OM); Ponta Grossa, 10 Km L, 7–II–2010, 1 female, O.–C. Mielke leg., DZ 26.351 (DZUP); Quatro Barras, Banhado, 800 m, 7–II–1970, 1 male, Becker leg., DZ 26.346 (DZUP); Tijucas do Sul, Vossoroca, 8–III–1972, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 29.813 * (DZUP–OM); Turvo, Salto do Paulinho Rickli, 1000 m, 5–II–2011, 1 male, Dolibaina leg., DZ 26.352 (DZUP); Ventania, 12 Km NO, 1000 m, 30–XI–2008, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 26.350 (DZUP). Santa Catarina— Joinville, 1 female, Schmidt leg., 70/226 (MNRJ); Rio do Júlio, 600 m, 4–II–1988, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 17.295 (DZUP–OM); Rio dos Cedros, Alto Rio dos Cedros, 650 m, 17–II–1973, 1 male, Ebert leg., DZ 26.348 (DZUP); São Bento do Sul, Rio Natal, 400 m, 2–II–1993, 1 female, C. Mielke leg., OM 33.702 (DZUP–OM); 500 m, 20–I–1988, 1 male e 1 female, 29–I–2011, 1 female, 31–I–2012, 1 male, 27–I–2015, 2 females, Rank leg., OM 16.901, OM 16.900 , DZ 26.353, DZ 26.354, DZ 36.085, DZ 36.087 (DZUP and DZUP–OM); Rio Vermelho, 850 m, 25–II–1973, 1 female, 6–II–1974, 1 female, 10–II–1974, 1 male, 15–I–1991, 1 female, Rank leg., OM 29.729, OM 29.789, OM 29.525, OM 25.997 (DZUP–OM); Taió, 28–I–1966, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 9.438 (DZUP–OM); Timbó, III–1932, 1 male, B. Pohl leg. (MZUSP). Rio Grande do Sul— no specific locality, 1 male (ZSM); 1 male (ZMHU) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFF8FF80D790F8F432D0F9CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFFBFF81D790FF28312AFE32.text	0383CD7AFFFBFF81D790FF28312AFE32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades trenda Evans 1953	<div><p>“ trenda group”</p><p>Species included:</p><p>Telemiades trenda Evans, 1953</p><p>Telemiades pseudotrenda Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>Telemiades amazonica Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>The “ trenda group” is composed of three species fenotipically similar, and their correct identification is only possible by the morphology of genitalia. The three known species of this group share a pair of spines–like projections on the distal opening of aedeagus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFFBFF81D790FF28312AFE32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFFBFF8ED790FC8837DEFEDA.text	0383CD7AFFFBFF8ED790FC8837DEFEDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades trenda Evans 1953	<div><p>Telemiades trenda Evans, 1953</p><p>(Figs 124–127, 174, 203, 217)</p><p>Telemiades trenda Evans, 1953 . Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 27, pl. 27 (male gen.); [holo] type male, IX–1922, interior of Suriname, W. Ellacombe leg.; BM(NH).—de Jong, 1983. Tijd. Ent. 126: 241.—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 120; 2, p. 36.— Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 190; 2, p. 60.—Lamas, 1994, in Foster et al. RAP Working Papers 6: 174.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 57, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 749.</p><p>(no genus) trenda; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 277.</p><p>Type material. Telemiades trenda Evans, 1953 was described based on the male holotype from interior of Suriname. The male holotype is deposited at the NHMUK and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Type H T [verso from the samel label:] trenda Evans / Interior Surinam Sept. 1892 C. W. Ellacombe./ [label with the genitalia attached]/ Rothschild Bequest B.M. 1939–1./ BMNH(E) 1236498/.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 16–17 mm (n=5) and females 16–19 mm (n=6). Telemiades trenda resembles the remaining species of the “ trenda group”, T. squanda and T. meris, but is distinguished by the asymmetrical valvae; left valva with distal projection developed; sacculus triangular, developed, occupying almost half of internal surface of valva.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades trenda occurs in areas of Amazon Forest of low altitudes, with records in Peru, Suriname, and Brazil (Acre, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, and Maranhão states).</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Telemiades trenda was described by Evans (1953). Despite the fact that it is externally similar to other species of the genus, the male genitalia reliably separate it from congeners.</p><p>Examined material. PERU: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Madre</a> de Díos— Shintuya, 3.6 Km NE, Albergue Pantiacolla, 12°39’21’’S, 71°13’53’’W, 400 m, 26–29–X–2016, 2 males, Mielke leg., OM 81.616, OM 81.587 (DZUP–OM); 30–X–2–XI– 2018, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 87.846 (DZUP–OM) . San Martin— Juanjui, near Río Huallaga, 400 m, VIII–2002, 1 female, ex–coll. F. König (CEB) .</p><p>BRAZIL: Acre— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.664444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.447222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.664444/lat -7.447222)">Mâncio Lima</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.664444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.447222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.664444/lat -7.447222)">Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor</a>, 7° 26’ 50’’ S, 73° 39’ 52’’ W, 23–30– VIII–2014, 1 male, Mielke, Casagrande, Carneiro, Dias, Dolibaina, Siewert &amp; Salik leg., DZ 33.913, (DZUP); Senador Guiomard, Reserva Catuaba, 200 m, 27-VIII-5-IX-2011, 3 males, Dolibaina &amp; Moura leg., DZ 33.931, DZ 33.933, DZ 33.943 (DZUP); 2–5–IX–2004, 2 males, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 26.263, DZ 26.266* (DZUP); Marechal Thaumaturgo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.664444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.447222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.664444/lat -7.447222)">Rio Juruá</a>, 3–IX–1997, 1 female, Brown &amp; Freitas leg., OM 46.931 (DZUP–OM). Ma-ranhão— Imperatriz, 14–XII–1972, 1 female, Exc. Depto. Zool., DZ 3.847 (DZUP); 20–VII–1974, 1 male, Exc. Depto. Zool., DZ 26.285 (DZUP); 18–VIII–1974, 1 male, Exc. Depto. Zool., DZ 26.283 (DZUP); 23–VIII–1974, 1 female, Mielke leg., DZ 26.286 (DZUP); 25–VIII–1974, 1 female, Exc. Depto. Zool., DZ 26.284 (DZUP); Santa Luzia, Fazenda Terrasse, Km 108 between Açailândia—Santa Luzia, 4–VIII–1974, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 2.946 (DZUP). Rondônia— Cacaulândia, 8–19–XI–1994, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 39.054 (DZUP–OM); Candeias do Jamari, Fazenda Urupá, 5–7–VII–1998, 1 male, C. Mielke &amp; Miers leg., OM 42.384 (DZUP–OM); Banho do Rio Preto, 40km Se, 23–25–VII–1991, 1 male and 3 females, OM 27.452 *, OM 27.131 *, OM 27.125, OM 27.149 (DZUP–OM). Mato Grosso— Sinop, X–1974, 1 male, Alvarenga leg., OM 45.368 * (DZUP–OM) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFFBFF8ED790FC8837DEFEDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFF4FF8ED790FEC031DAF97A.text	0383CD7AFFF4FF8ED790FEC031DAF97A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades pseudotrenda Siewert, Mielke & Casagrande 2020	<div><p>Telemiades pseudotrenda Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 128, 129, 175, 217)</p><p>Diagnosis. Telemiades pseudotrenda Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov. is distinguished from other species of the “ trenda group” by the valva with distal margin modified in a dilated crest–like rounded process.</p><p>Description. Head: frons and vertex dark brown. Eyes surrounded by yellow scales. Labial palpi with first and second segments dark brown and yellow; third segment dark brown. Antennae dark brown, base of each segment cream from the middle to the apiculus; nudum of 25 segments.</p><p>Thorax: dorsally dark brown; ventrally dark brown and yellow.</p><p>FW: length of males 19 mm (n=1). DFW (Fig. 128): ground color dark brown; three dark brown spots: two cellular (upper and lower) and one discal in CuA 2 +2A; six dark brown submarginal spots in R 5 –M 1, M 1 –M 2, M 2 –M 3, M 3 –CuA 1, CuA 1 –CuA 2 and CuA 2 –2A; three apical hyaline spots in R 3 –R 4, R 4 –R 5 and R 5 –M 1, the last rounded and smaller.</p><p>DHW (Fig. 128): ground color dark brown; four discal dark brown rounded spots in Sc+R 1 –Rs, upper cell, low- er cell and CuA 2 –2A; six dark brown submarginal spots as an irregular band in Rs–M 1, M 1 –M 2, M 2 –M 3, M 3 –CuA 1, CuA 1 –CuA 2 and CuA 2 –2A.</p><p>VFW (Fig. 129): as DFW; spots darker.</p><p>VHW (Fig. 129): as DHW; spots darker.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 175): tegumen rounded; posterior margin with two pairs of lateral apophysis extending to half of uncus. Anterior projection of saccus triangular, anterior margin rounded. Uncus short, about 1/3 the size of tegumen; posterior margin with two rounded lateral apophysis and with central region curved ventrally. Valva rectangular, twice as long as wide; costa rectangular; with distal margin modified in a dilated crest–like rounded process; sacculus rectangular, about 1/2 the length of valva. Fultura inferior distally bifid, with distal margin rounded and ventral portion truncated. Aedeagus cylindrical; insertion of manica in the middle of aedeagus; opening for ejaculatory bulb rounded; distal margin truncated; opening for vesica dorsal and lateral left, about 1/2 of size of aedeagus; one pair of spines–like projections on the distal opening of aedeagus; cornuti as two lines of sharp spines, all with same size.</p><p>Female unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Telemaides pseudotrenda sp. nov. is only known from its type locality: Bajo Rodriguez, San Ramón, Costa Rica.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the superficially similarity with Telemiades trenda Evans, 1953 .</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Despite the phenotypic similarity, the morphology of the genitalia of T. pseudotrenda sp. nov. is unique when compared with the other species of the “ trenda group”. However, T. pseudotrenda sp. nov. has features that indicate its proximity with the other species of the group, mainly the presence of two spines developing on the distal opening of the aedeagus.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male deposited at DZUP with the following labels: / HOLOTYPUS / 17–II–1990 Bajo Rodrígues, S. Ramon, C. Rica O. Pagels leg./ OM 24.917 / Holotypus Telemiades pseudotrenda Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/ GEN. PREP. MIELKE 1995/.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFF4FF8ED790FEC031DAF97A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFF4FF8CD790F8A0307FFE4E.text	0383CD7AFFF4FF8CD790F8A0307FFE4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades amazonica Siewert, Mielke & Casagrande 2020	<div><p>Telemiades amazonica Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 130, 131, 176, 217)</p><p>Diagnosis. Telemiades amazonica Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov. is distinguished from other species of the “ trenda group” by the valva with distal margin modified in a hook–like process.</p><p>Description. Head: frons and vertex dark brown. Eyes surrounded by yellow scales. Labial palpi with first and second segments dark brown with yellow; third segment dark brown. Antennae dark brown, base of each segment cream from half to apiculus; nudum of 25 segments.</p><p>Thorax: dorsally dark brown; ventrally dark brown and yellow.</p><p>FW: length of males 15–18 mm (n=2). DFW (Fig. 130): ground color dark brown; three dark brown spots: two cellular (upper and lower) and one discal in CuA 2 +2A; eight dark brown submarginal spots in R 3 –R 4, R 4 –R 5, R 5 –M 1, M 1 –M 2, M 2 –M 3, M 3 –CuA 1, CuA 1 –CuA 2 and CuA 2 –2A.</p><p>DHW (Fig. 130): ground color dark brown; four discal dark brown rounded spots in Sc+R 1 –Rs, upper cell, low- er cell and CuA 2 –2A; six dark brown submarginal spots as an irregular band in Rs–M 1, M 1 –M 2, M 2 –M 3, M 3 –CuA 1, CuA 1 –CuA 2 and CuA 2 –2A.</p><p>VFW (Fig. 131): as DFW; spots darker.</p><p>VHW (Fig. 131): as DHW; spots darker.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 176): tegumen rounded; posterior margin with two pairs of lateral apophysis extending to half of uncus, the proximal twice the length of distal. Anterior projection of saccus triangular, anterior margin rounded. Uncus short, about 1/3 the size of tegumen; posterior margin with two lateral apophysis and with central region curved ventrally. Valva rectangular, twice as long as wide; costa rectangular; distal margin modified in a hook–like process; sacculus rectangular, about 1/2 the length of valva. Fultura inferior distally bifid, with distal margin rounded and ventral portion truncated. Aedeagus cylindrical; insertion of manica in the middle of aedeagus; opening for ejaculatory bulb rounded; distal margin truncated; opening for vesica dorsal and lateral left, about 1/2 of size of aedeagus; one pair of spines–like projections on the distal opening of aedeagus; cornuti as two lines of sharp spines, all with same size.</p><p>Female unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades amazonica sp. nov. is known from two areas of Brazilian Amazon (Marechal Thaumaturgo, Acre State, and Barcelos, Amazonas State) and from Peru (Shintuya, Madre de Díos).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a reference to the known distribution of this species in Amazonian areas.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Despite the phenotypic similarity with the other species of the “ trenda group”, the morphology of the male genitalia of T. amazonica sp. nov. is unique. The modified hook–like process of the distal margin of the valva is similar to the condition found in species of the “ amphion group”, mainly T. marpesus . However, the morphology of other structures of the genitalia and the wings indicates its proximity with the species of the “ trenda group”, mainly the presence of a pair of spines on the distal opening of the aedeagus.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male deposited at DZUP–OM with the following labels: / HOLOTYPUS / 24–VIII– 1997 Estrada para Mato Grosso, Foz do Tejo, Taumaturgo, Acre. K. Brown leg/ OM 45.328 / Holotypus Telemiades amazonica Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/ GEN. PREP. R. SIEWERT/.</p><p>Paratype. BRAZIL: Amazonas— Barcelos, Rio Ararão, Margem esquerda Rio Padauari, 4–7–VI–2010, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 20.752* (DZUP) .</p><p>PERU: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Madre</a> de Díos— Shintuya, 3.3 Km NE, Albergue Pantiacolla, 12°39’21’’S, 71°13’53’’W, 400 m, 18– 22–VI–2019, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 88.838 (DZUP–OM) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFF4FF8CD790F8A0307FFE4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFF6FF8CD790FE6C3242FCD2.text	0383CD7AFFF6FF8CD790FE6C3242FCD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arteurotia meris Plotz 1886	<div><p>“ meris group”</p><p>Species included:</p><p>Telemiades meris (Plötz, 1886)</p><p>Telemiades brazus Bell, 1949</p><p>The “ meris group” is composed of two species recognized by the following characters: uncus laterally slightly convex, with distal margin truncated, and curved ventrally, and valva with dorso–distal margin as a spine–like projection curved inwards.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFF6FF8CD790FE6C3242FCD2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFF6FF8AD790FB9F302EFBF2.text	0383CD7AFFF6FF8AD790FB9F302EFBF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades meris (Plotz 1886)	<div><p>Telemiades meris (Plötz, 1886)</p><p>(Figs 132–135, 177, 204, 218)</p><p>Arteurotia meris Plötz, 1886 (Möschler in litt.). Stett. ent. Ztg. 47: 87; Colombia.— Godman, 1907. Ann. &amp; Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)20: 151.</p><p>Pellicia meris; Draudt, 1922, in Seitz. Gross–Schmett. Erde 5, p. 893, pl. 174e (d).— Shepard, 1934. Lep. Cat. 64, p. 154.— Williams &amp; Bell, 1939. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 65: 156.—Hayward, 1947. Acta zool. Lill. 4: 276.</p><p>Telemiades nicomedes [misidentification]; Moss, 1949. Acta zool. Lill. 7: 48, pl. 4, fig. 16 (larva); biol., host plant.—de Jong, 1983. Tijd. Ent. 126: 241.—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 75, 81, 98; 2, p. 36; syn.: meris, punctatus .—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 118, 129, 156; 2, p. 60; syn.: meris, punctatus .—J. de la Maza E.; White &amp; R. G. de la Maza E., 1991. Rev. Soc. Mex. Lep. 14: 17.—Austin; Brook &amp; Mielke, 1993. Trop. Lep. 4, Suppl. 2: 6; ecol.—R. G. de la Maza E. &amp; J. de la Maza E., 1993. Marip. Chiapas, p. 202.—Warren, 2000, in Llorente; González &amp; Papavero (eds). Biodiv., Tax., Biogeogr. Art. Mex. 2, p. 550; syn.: meris, punctatus .— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 56, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.: punctatus .—Luis Martínez et al., 2004, in García–Mendoza; Ordóñez &amp; Briones–Salas. Biodiv. Oaxaca, p. 353.— Burns, 2005. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington 107 (4): 774, 780, 781, figs 23, 24 (male d, v), 25 (pupa), 26 (larva); host plant.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 748; syn.: punctatus . —Glassberg, 2007. Swift Guide Butt. Mexico and C. America, p. 180, figs (d); host plant.— Beccaloni et al., 2008. Monografías Tercer Milenio 8: 103; host plant.—Luis–M., Salinas–G. &amp; Llorente–B., 2011, in Álvarez (coord.). Chiapas: estudios diversidad biol., Inst. Biol., UNAM, Mexico, p. 387.</p><p>Telemiades nicomedes nicomedes [misidentification]; Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 27, pl. 27 (male gen.); syn.: meris, punctatus .— Steinhauser, 1975. Bull. Allyn Mus. 29: 30.—Robbins et al., 1996, in Wilson &amp; Sandoval. Manu, p. 246.— Austin et al., 1999. Trop. Lep. 9, Suppl. 2: 12.—Barrios; Méndez &amp; Austin, 2006, in Cano (ed.). Biodiversidad de Guatemala 1, p. 439.</p><p>(no genus) meris; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 200.</p><p>Telemiades meris meris; Mielke &amp; Casagrande, 1998. Revta bras. Zool. 14: 990.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 56, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 747.—Núñez B., 2008. Trop. Lep. Res. 18 (2): 80.—Núñez B., 2009. Trop. Lep. Res. 19 (2): 77.—Garwood &amp; Lehman, 2013. Butt. C. Amer. 3, Hesp., p. 61, figs (d, v).</p><p>Telemiades meris; Kerpel et al., 2014, in Bravo &amp; Calor (eds). Arthrop. Semiárido. Biodiv. Conserv., p. 271.—Garcia–Salik et al., 2014. Shilap Revta. lepid. 42 (166): 274.</p><p>Type material. Arteurotia meris Plötz, 1886 was described based on an unspecified number of specimens from Colombia. One male syntype was found at ZMHU with the same characteristics published in the original description, and illustrated on Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2018) with the following labels: / Typus/ Columb. Sth. 77./ meris Plötz i.l./ Coll. Möschl./ Coll. Staudinger/ GEN.PREP., MIELKE 1996/. In order to stabilize the identity of this species, this male specimen is hereby designated lectotype of Arteurotia meris Plötz, 1886 and the following labels will be attached: / Lectotypus / Lectotypus Arteurotia meris Plötz, 1886 Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/. These labels will be sent to the curator for the collection.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 16–19 mm (n=35) and females 20 mm (n=1). Telemiades meris resembles T. squanda and T. trenda but is distinguished by the morphological pattern of genitalia. Males has symmetrical valvae, with distal portion pointed and slightly curved inwards, and smooth aedeagus. The general morphological pattern of male genitalia is similar to T. brazus, but is distinguished by the smaller size of distal portion of valva, and by the shape of the elevation of the inner portion of valva (vertical in T. meris and horizontal in T. brazus).</p><p>Variation. Some specimens collected at State Park of Morro do Diabo, Teodoro Sampaio, São Paulo, Brazil, has the ground color light brown and the spots darker. Also, the distal portion of valva could be more developed and rounded in some males.</p><p>Natural history. Moss (1949) erroneously associated the immatures of T. meris with T. nicomedes . Immatures have been reported on Inga pilosula and Zygia cauliflora (Fabaceae) . The specimens studied by Arthur Miles Moss are deposited at the NHMUK and the study of the adults identified by him as T. nicomedes, confirm its real identity as T. meris .</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades meris occurs in Guatemala, Panama, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Suriname, French Guiana, and Brazil.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Arteurotia meris Plötz 1886 was transferred to Pellicia Herrich–Schäffer, 1870 by Draudt (1922) and there it remained until Evans (1953) transferred it to Telemiades as a synonym of T. nicomedes . Several authors mistakenly associated T. meris with T. nicomedes . However, the morphology of both species is clearly distinct, a fact that led Mielke &amp; Casagrande (1998) to re–establish the specific status of T. meris .</p><p>Examined material. No data: 1 male, NHMUK 010242110* (NHMUK).</p><p>GUATEMALA: no specific locality, 26–XII–1912, 1 male, A. Hall leg., NHMUK 010242102 * (NHMUK) .</p><p>PANAMA: Panamá— Gamboa, 7–II–1979, 1 male, Robbins leg., OM 29.663 * (DZUP–OM) .</p><p>COLOMBIA: Meta— Villavicencio, Vereda Concepción ( La Cuncia), Estadero El Embujo Llanero Sendero Ecológico—La Caseada, 31–VII–2012, 1 male, Guerra leg., OM 65.491 (DZUP–OM) . Valle del Cauca— Rio Anchicaya, 1000 m, 13–II–1981, 2 males, Callaghan leg., OM 29.819, OM 29.843 * (DZUP–OM); Rio San Juan, 1 male, OM 40.903 * (DZUP–OM) .</p><p>PERU: Madre de Díos— Alto Río Madre de Díos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.38333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.090278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.38333/lat -12.090278)">Albergue Amazonia</a>, 12º 5’ 25’’ S, 71º 23’ W, 500 m, 30–IX– 2011, 1 male, L. Gibson leg. (MHNL) ; 29–IV–1–V–2015, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 77.359 (DZUP–OM); Parque Nacional del Manu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.255&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.93" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.255/lat -11.93)">Pakitza</a>, 11° 55’ 48’’ S, 71° 15’ 18’’ W, 340 m, 13–X–1991, 1 male, R. Robbins leg. (MHNL) ; Rio Alto Madre de Díos, Erika, 550–650 m, 4–5–IX–1989, 1 male, G. Lamas leg. (MHNL) ; Shintuya, 3.3 Km NE, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.23139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.655833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.23139/lat -12.655833)">Albergue Pantiacolla</a>, 12°39’21’’S, 71°13’53’’W, 400 m, 4–8–XI–2017, 2 males, Mielke leg., OM 86.038, OM 85.916 (DZUP–OM) . Loreto— Pebas, 1 female, NHMUK 010242105 (NHMUK) . Puno— Zona Reservada Tam-bopata–Candamo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.424167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.63333/lat -13.424167)">Rio Távara</a>, 13º 25’ 27’’ S, 69º 38’ W, 650 m, 3–VIII–1995, 1 female *, R. Baynes leg. (MHNL) ; 1050 m, 10–VIII–1995, 3 males, J. Grados leg. (MHNL); 12–VIII–1995, 1 male, J. Grados leg. (MHNL) .</p><p>BOLIVIA: Cochabamba— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.41334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.965" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.41334/lat -16.965)">Villa Tunari</a>, 392 m, 16°57’54’’S, 65°24’48’’W, 11–IV–2008, 1 male, Abrahamczyk leg., DZ 26.219* (DZUP); Santa Cruz— Buenavista, 5 KM NO, 500 m, 30–IX–4–X–2001, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., OM 54.913 (DZUP–OM) .</p><p>SURINAME: Para— Onoribo, 1 male, C.W. Elacombe leg., NHMUK 010242104 * (NHMUK) .</p><p>FRENCH GUIANA: Caiena— Caiena, 1 male e 1 female, NHMUK 010242174 *, NHMUK 010242103 (NHMUK) .</p><p>BRAZIL: Amazonas— Barcelos, Rio Aracá, Foz do Rio Curuduri, 0°05’50’’S, 63°17’22’’W, 15–19–VI–2010, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Csagrande leg., DZ 20.787* (DZUP); Careiro Castanho, BR 319 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Km</a> 181, 16-31-XII-2016, 1 male, Rafael &amp; Xavier leg., DZ 47.121 (DZUP) ; Fonte Boa, 80 m, 2°33’22’’S, 66°03’56’’O, 11–23–VIII–2011, 1 male, Emery leg., ex–coll. Emery, DZ 34.041 (DZUP) . Acre— Mâncio Lima, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor</a>, 7° 26’ 50’’ S, 73° 39’ 52’’ W, 10–21–IX–2011, 3 males, Dolibaina &amp; Moura leg., DZ 36.169, DZ 36.173, DZ 32.686* (DZUP) ; 20–27–VI–2013, 3 males, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Mielke</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Casagrande</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Carneiro</a>, Dias &amp; Dolibaina leg., DZ 36.162, DZ 36.168, DZ 36.170 (DZUP) ; 23–30–VIII–2014, 12 males, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Mielke</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Casagrande</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Carneiro</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Dias</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Dolibaina</a>, Siewert &amp; Salik leg., DZ 33.921, DZ 33.923, DZ 36.138*, DZ 36.140*, DZ 36.360, DZ 36.361, DZ 36.164, DZ 36.165, DZ 36.166, DZ 36.167, DZ 36.171, DZ 36.172 (DZUP) ; Marechal Thaumaturgo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Rio Juruá</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Vila do Breu</a>, 3–IX– 1997, 1 male, Brown leg., OM 45.344 * (DZUP–OM) ; Caminho E Boca Caipora, 1–IX–1997, 1 male, Brown leg., OM 45.336 * (DZUP–OM); Porto Acre, Reserva Humaitá, 200 m, 8–10–IX–2004, 4 males, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 26.265, DZ 26.267*, DZ 26.276, DZ 26.277, DZ 26.278 (DZUP); Senador Guiomard, Reserva Catuaba, 27-VIII-5-IX-2011, 1 male, Dolibaina &amp; Moura leg., DZ 33.941 (DZUP). Goiás— Cristalina, 50 Km E, 10–16– XII–1993, 1 male, C. Mielke leg., OM 51.267 (DZUP–OM). Rondônia— Candeias do Jamari, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Banho do Rio Preto</a>, Fazenda Urupa, 23–25–VII–1991, 1 male, C. Mielke &amp; Miers leg., OM 27.119 * (DZUP–OM) ; Cacaulândia, 8– 19–XI–1994, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 38.845 * (DZUP–OM). Pará— no specific locality, 1 male e 1 female, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242106, NHMUK 010242108 (NHMUK); 1 female, Saunders leg., NHMUK 010242107 (NHMUK); 2 females, A.M. Moss leg., NHMUK 010242109, NHMUK 010242175 (NHMUK); Santarém, 1 male, 61/041 (MNRJ); 1 male, H. W. Bates leg., NHMUK 010242111 (NHMUK); Santo Antônio do Tauá, Reserva Sonho Azul, 3–XII–2004, 1 male, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 26.281 (DZUP); 8–II–2005, 1 male, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 20.759 (DZUP); 22–XI–2005, 1 male, P. Jauffret leg., DZ 26.280* (DZUP). Minas Gerais— Paracatu, 15–XII–1966, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 4.662* (DZUP). Distrito Federal— Planaltina, Córrego Grotão, 31-X-2010, 1 male, Emery leg., ex-coll. Emery, DZ 47.123 (DZUP). São Paulo— Teodoro Sampaio, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Morro do Diabo</a>, 300–600 m, 22–25–X–1987, 8 males, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., OM 17.970 *, OM 17.971, OM 17.972, OM 17.973 *, OM 17.974, OM 17.975, OM 17.976, OM 17.977 (DZUP–OM) ; 250–500 m, 15–18–III–1991, 5 males, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 26.220, DZ 26.221, DZ 26.222, DZ 26.225, DZ 26.226 (DZUP). Paraná— Diamante do Norte, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.92917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.809721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.92917/lat -23.809721)">Estação Ecológica do Caiuá</a>, 300 m, 23-IV-2011, 1 male, Dolibaina &amp; Salik leg., DZ 26.271 (DZUP) ; 27–XI–2011, 1 male, Carneiro, Dolibaina &amp; Salik leg., DZ 26.234 (DZUP); São Pedro do Ivaí, RPPN Barbacena, 380 m, 23° 48’ 35’’S, 51° 55’ 45’’W, 8–II–2016, 1 male, Dolibaina &amp; Warren leg., DD 491 (DD)</p><p>.</p><p>ARGENTINA: Misiones— Almirante Brown, General Belgrano, Reserva Yacutinga, 2–5–III–2007, 11 males, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 10.046*, DZ 10.060*, DZ 26.223, DZ 26.224, DZ 26.227, DZ 26.228, DZ 26.229, DZ 26.230, DZ 26.231, DZ 26.232, DZ 26.233 (DZUP) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFF6FF8AD790FB9F302EFBF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFF0FF8BD790FB383789F87E.text	0383CD7AFFF0FF8BD790FB383789F87E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades brazus Bell 1949	<div><p>Telemiades brazus Bell, 1949</p><p>(Figs 136–139, 178, 205, 218)</p><p>Eudamus nicomedes Plötz, 1881 . Stett. ent. Ztg. 43: 99; Brazil; praeocc. (Möschler, 1879).— Godman, 1907. Ann. &amp; Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)20: 135.</p><p>Telemiades nicomedes; Mabille &amp; Boullet, 1912. Ann. Sc. nat., Zool., Paris, (9)16: 119, 121.</p><p>Telemiades brazus Bell, 1949 . Amer. Mus. Novit. 1385: 8, fig. 5 (male gen.); male holotype, 9–XI–1939, Neudorf [Vila Nova, Joinville], Santa Catarina, Brazil; AMNH.</p><p>Telemiades nicomedes brazus; Evans, 1953. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 3, p. 27, pl. 27 (male gen.); syn.: nicomedes Plötz. —K. Brown &amp; Mielke, 1967. Jour. Lep. Soc. 21: 164.—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 18, 81; 2, p. 36; syn.: nicomedes Plötz. —K. Brown, 1987. An. Prim. Simp. Pantanal, Brasília, p. 167.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 28; 2, p. 60.— Canals, 2003. Marip. Misiones, p. 457.</p><p>(no genus) nicomedes; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 212.</p><p>(no genus) brazus; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 99.</p><p>Telemiades meris brazus; Mielke &amp; Casagrande, 1998. Revta bras. Zool. 14: 990.— Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 56, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.: nicomedes (Plötz) .— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 3, p. 747; syn.: nicomedes (Plötz) .—Giovenardi et al., 2013. Rev. colomb. Ent. 39 (2), Supl., p. 16.—Piovesan &amp; Orlandin, 2016, in Orlandin et al .. Borb. Marip. S. Catarina, p. 80.</p><p>Type material. Telemiades brazus Bell, 1949 was described based on the male [holo]type from Neudorf [Vila Nova, Joinville], Santa Catarina, Brazil, and on the male paratype from Massaranduba–Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The male holotype is deposited at the AMNH with the following labels: / HOLOTYPE / Neudorf Sta Catharina XI–19 –139 Brazil / Telemiades brazus Bell Holotype ♂ / G1944/.</p><p>Diagnosis. FW length: males 18–20 mm (n=28) and females 20–23 mm (n=6). Telemiades brazus resembles T. squanda and T. trenda but is distinguished by the morphological pattern of the genitalia. Males with same morphological pattern of the genitalia of T. meris, but is distinguished by the developed distal portion of valva, and by the shape of elevation in the inner portion of valva (horizontal in T. brazus). Also, T. brazus is larger than T. meris .</p><p>Variation. Some specimens varies in its ground color, from light to dark brown.</p><p>Distribution. Telemiades brazus occurs in forested areas of Atlantic Forest of Paraguay, Argentina, and in the Brazilian States of Mato Grosso, Minais Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Plötz (1881) described Eudamus nicomedes based on an unknown number of specimens from Brazil. However, the name is pre–occupied by Telegonus nicomedes Möschler, 1879, now a species of Telemiades . Bell (1949) described Telemiades brazus and later Evans (1953) treated it as a subspecies of Telemiades nicomedes (Möschler, 1879) . In the same work, Evans (1953) synonymized Eudamus nicomedes Plötz, 1881 with T. nicomedes brazus . The unpublished figure of Eudamus nicomedes Plötz, 1881 confirms its synonymy with Telemiades brazus Bell, 1949 .</p><p>Mielke &amp; Casagrande (1998) analyzed the holotype of Telemiades meris (Plötz, 1886) and based on the similarity of the morphology of the male genitalia, considered T. brazus as a subspecies of T. meris . However, the external morphological differences between both species are constant. In addition, Li et al. (2019) justified its reinstated species status by molecular data.</p><p>Examined material. No data: 2 males and 2 females, NHMUK 010242091*, NHMUK 010242093, NHMUK 010242092, NHMUK 010242094 (NHMUK); 2 females, 20/308, 62/063 (MNRJ).</p><p>BRAZIL: Mato Grosso— Chapada dos Guimarães, 1 male, H.H. Smith leg., NHMUK 010242090 (NHMUK). Bahia— Amargosa, 6–8–IV–2002, 1 female, O.–C. Mielke leg., OM 56.124 (DZUP–OM); Camacan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.55/lat -15.383333)">Reserva Serra Bonita</a>, 15°23’S, 39°33’W, 3–10–XII–2016, 1 male, Mielke, Carneiro, Dias, Dolibaina &amp; Santos leg., DZ 34.042 (DZUP). Espírito Santo— Conceição da Barra, 17–X–1968, 1 male, C. &amp; C. T. Elias leg., DZ 26.239 (DZUP); Linhares, 28–III–1970, 1 male, 20–IX–1972, 1 male, 5–X–1972, 1 female, 19–24–VIII–1974, 1 male, 25–30–VI–1977, 1 male, C. Elias leg., DZ 26.241, DZ 26.247, DZ 26.238, DZ 4.663*, DZ 26.245 (DZUP). Minas Gerais— no specific locality, 1 male, H. Rogers leg., NHMUK 010242089 (NHMUK); Ibirité, 800 m, 11–III–1993, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Machado leg., OM 37.587 * (DZUP–OM); Paracatu, 16–VI–1972, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Brown leg., DZ 26.249 (DZUP). Rio de Janeiro— no specific locality, 3 males, NHMUK 010242095 *, NHMUK 010242096 *, 010242097* (NHMUK); Duque de Caxias, Imbariê, 100 m, 2–II–1965, 3 males, Ebert leg., DZ 26.236, DZ 26.240, OM 29.537 (DZUP and DZUP–OM); 150 m, 16–VII–1960, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.243 (DZUP); 100 m, VIII–1966, 2 males, Ebert leg., DZ 26.246, DZ 26.250 (DZUP); Serra dos Órgãos, 20–VII–1969, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.235 (DZUP); Niterói, 7–IX–1942, 1 male, OM 11.479 * (DZUP–OM); Rio de Janeiro, 1 female, ex–coll. J. Arp, 58/593 (MNRJ); VIII–IX–1884, 1 female, P. Germain leg., NHMUK 010242177 (NHMUK); 9–IX–1939, 1 male, D’Almeida leg., DZ 36.134 (DZUP); 21–III–1966, 1 male, D’Almeida leg., DZ 36.133 (DZUP); 500 m, 7–X–1956, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex–coll. Ebert, DZ 26.242 (DZUP); Alto da Gávea, 27– VII–1940, 1 female, Gagarin leg., OM 7.354 (DZUP–OM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.93028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.829168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.93028/lat -23.829168)">Corcovado</a>, VII–1932, 1 female, ex–coll. L. Travassos (IOC); XII–1923, 1 male, ex–coll. L. Travassos (IOC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.93028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.829168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.93028/lat -23.829168)">Covanca de Jacarepaguá</a>, 20–III–1960, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 3.253 * (DZUP–OM); 28–IV–1963, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 4.986 (DZUP–OM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.93028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.829168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.93028/lat -23.829168)">Morro do Sumaré</a>, 7–V–1965, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 6.689 (DZUP–OM); 10–IX–1965, 2 males, Mielke leg., OM 7.444, OM 7.445 * (DZUP–OM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.93028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.829168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.93028/lat -23.829168)">Gávea</a>, 1 female, 62/062 (MNRJ); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.93028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.829168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.93028/lat -23.829168)">Sítio Gondoia</a>, 1 male, E.May leg., ex–coll. E. May, 62/099 (MNRJ). Paraná— Antonina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.93028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.829168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.93028/lat -23.829168)">Rio Pequeno</a>, 20 m, 29–IV–2003, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., OM 60.235 (DZUP–OM); Guaratuba, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.93028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.829168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.93028/lat -23.829168)">Limeira</a>, 10 m, 15–IV–2000, 1 female, Mielke leg., OM 51.530 * (DZUP–OM); Morretes, 5-IV-2001, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 53.109 (DZUP-OM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.93028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.829168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.93028/lat -23.829168)">Morro Alto</a>, 400 m, 14–IV–2000, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 51.686 (DZUP–OM); São Pedro do Ivaí, RPPN <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.93028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.829168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.93028/lat -23.829168)">Barbacena</a>, 23° 49’ 45’’S, 51° 55’ 49’’ W, 2–X–2012, 1 female, Exc. LABLEP, DZ 36.135 (DZUP). Santa Catarina— Joinville, 1 male and 1 female, ex–coll. J. Arp, 57/664, 57/668 (MNRJ); 1 female, Schmidt leg., 20/640 (MNRJ); II–1938, 1 male, B. Pohl leg. (MZUSP); 26–II– 1974, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 29.403 (DZUP–OM); 10–200 m, 9–III–1974, 1 male, 22–II–1977, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Miers leg., OM 29.711, OM 39.453 * (DZUP–OM); 8–XI–1986, 1 male, Mielke leg., OM 29.837 (DZUP–OM); São Bento do Sul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.93028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.829168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.93028/lat -23.829168)">Rio Vermelho</a>, 850 m, 6–III–1973, 1 male, Rank leg., DZ 26.237 (DZUP); Seara, Nova Teutônia, 400–700 m, 1–II–1977, 1 male, Plaumann &amp; Mielke leg., OM 39.561 * (DZUP–OM). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.93028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.829168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.93028/lat -23.829168)">Rio Grande</a> do Sul— Viamão, Saint Hilaire, 26–III–2004, 1 male, Silva leg., DZ 26.248* (DZUP) .</p><p>PARAGUAY: no specific locality— 1 male, P. Germain leg., NHMUK 010242176 * (NHMUK) . Paraguari— Sapucai, 1 male and 1 female, W. Foster leg., NHMUK 010242098 *, NHMUK 010242099 (NHMUK); 26–XI–1904 , 1 male and 1 female, W. Foster leg., NHMUK 010242100 *, NHMUK 010242101 (NHMUK) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFF0FF8BD790FB383789F87E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
0383CD7AFFF2FF89D790FC6630F1FD42.text	0383CD7AFFF2FF89D790FC6630F1FD42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Telemiades cryptus Siewert, Mielke & Casagrande 2020	<div><p>Telemiades cryptus Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 140, 141, 179, 219)</p><p>Diagnosis. Telemiades cryptus Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, sp. nov. resembles the species from the “ meris group” and from the “ trenda group”, but is distinguished by the posterior margin of tegumen with the proximal pair of apophysis flat and four times larger than distal pair in dorsal view; central margin of uncus with triangular projection in lateral view; dorso–distal region of valva as a spine–like projection curved inwards and distal region elongated and sharp.</p><p>Description. Head: frons and vertex dark brown and yellow. Eyes surrounded by greyish scales. Labial palpi with first and second segments dark brown and greyish; third segment dark brown.</p><p>Thorax: dorsally dark brown; ventrally dark brown and yellow.</p><p>FW: length of males 18 mm (n=2). DFW (Fig. 140): ground color brown; four dark brown spots: two cellular (upper and lower) and two discal in CuA 1 –CuA 2 and CuA 2 +2A; three apical hyaline spots in R 3 –R 4, R 4 –R 5 and R 5 –M 1; five dark brown submarginal spots in M 1 –M 2, M 2 –M 3, M 3 –CuA 1, CuA 1 –CuA 2, and CuA 2 –2A.</p><p>DHW (Fig. 140): ground color brown; two discal dark brown rounded spots in lower cell and CuA 2 –2A; six dark brown submarginal spots as an irregular band in Rs–M 1, M 1 –M 2, M 2 –M 3, M 3 –CuA 1, CuA 1 –CuA 2 and CuA 2 –2A.</p><p>VFW (Fig. 141): as DFW; ground color light brown; spots darker.</p><p>VHW (Fig. 141): as DHW; ground color light brown; spots darker; dark brown spot in anal region.</p><p>Abdome: dorsally dark brown; ventrally dark brown and yellow.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 179): tegumen rounded; posterior margin with two pairs of lateral apophysis extending to half of uncus, the proximal pair flat and four times larger than distal pair in dorsal view. Anterior projection of saccus triangular, anterior margin rounded. Uncus rectangular, about same size of tegumen; posterior margin with two rounded lateral apophysis and with central region truncated. Valva rectangular, twice as long as wide; costa rectangular; dorso–distal region of valva as a spine–like projection curved inwards and distal region alongated and sharp; sacculus rectangular, about 1/2 the length of valva. Fultura inferior distally bifid, with distal margin rounded and ventral portion truncated. Aedeagus cylindrical; insertion of manica in the middle of aedeagus; opening for ejaculatory bulb rounded; distal margin truncated; opening for vesica dorsal and lateral left, about 1/3 of size of aedeagus; cornuti as two lines of sharp spines, the first smaller.</p><p>Female unknown.</p><p>Distibution. Telemiades cryptus, sp. nov. is known from Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia, and from Mâncio Lima, Porto Acre, and Marechal Thaumaturgo, Acre, Brazil.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Greek kryptos, hidden. The name represents the fact which this species could be easily mistaken with species from “ meris group” and from “ trenda group”.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Telemiades cryptus, sp. nov. is similar to the species of the “ meris group” and “ trenda group” but has a unique morphology of the male genitalia that differs from any other Telemiades group.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male deposited at DZUP–OM with the following labels: / HOLOTYPUS / 4–X–1980 Villavicencio [Meta] Colombia Callaghan leg/ OM 29.585 / GEN. PREP. MIELKE 1997 / Holotypus Telemiades cryptus Siewert, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2019/.</p><p>Paratype. BRAZIL: Acre— Mâncio Lima, Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, 7° 26’ 50’’ S, 73° 39’ 52’’ W, 10–21–IX–2011, 1 male, Dolibaina &amp; Moura leg., DZ 33.910 (DZUP); 20–27–VI–2013, 1 male, Mielke, Casagrande, Carneiro, Dias &amp; Dolibaina leg., DZ 33.912 (DZUP); Marechal Thaumaturgo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.664444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.447222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.664444/lat -7.447222)">Rio Juruá</a>, E da Vila do Breu, 3–IX–1997, 1 male, K. Brown leg., OM 45.352 * (DZUP–OM); Porto Acre, Reserva Humaitá, 200 m, 8–10–IX–2004, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 26.268* (DZUP) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383CD7AFFF2FF89D790FC6630F1FD42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Siewert, Ricardo Russo;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2020): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species. Zootaxa 4721 (1): 1-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4721.1.1
