identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0383F644FFDFFF95FE32376CFD11FA7A.text	0383F644FFDFFF95FE32376CFD11FA7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Disporella ezoensis Taylor & Grischenko 2015	<div><p>Disporella ezoensis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 2A and 3)</p><p>Bimulticavea variabilis: Mawatari and Mawatari, 1974, p. 356, plate 29, figures 3–5 (non Bimulticavea variabilis d’ Orbigny, 1853, p. 983, plate 779, figures 9–13).</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype: NHMUK 2014.11.18.1 (Figures 2A, 3A–E), Aininkappu . Paratypes: NHMUK 2014.11.18.2, Aininkappu; 2014.11.18.11–12 (Figure 3F), Aikappu; 2014.11.18.8–10, Aikappu; 2014.11.18.4–7, Aininkappu; 2014.11.18.3, Aininkappu .</p><p>Derivation of name</p><p>From Ezo, an old Japanese name for Hokkaido and smaller islands in the north of the country.</p><p>Description</p><p>Colony encrusting, multiserial, unlilamellar or multilamellar, roughly circular, oval to irregular, with undulating margins, attaining about 4 cm in maximal dimension; red in colour, amaranth or crimson when alive; surface irregularly mounded, with monticules of varying shape and size, some subcircular, others elongate. Individual layers about 1.4 mm thick. Distal fringe of basal lamina narrow (&lt;500 µm). Skeletal organization free-walled throughout. Mural spines simple, dense at growing edge. Early astogeny unknown.</p><p>Autozooids with circular to elliptical apertures, 130–170 µm long by 100–140 µm wide, one or two stout, distally tapering, unbranched oral spines, variable in length, some&gt; 100 µm long. Apertures often connate, sometimes in rows, occasionally separated by kenozooids. Convex, thin diaphragms, some with a median pore, developed locally.</p><p>Kenozooids (alveoli) moderately abundant, slightly outnumbering autozooids, apertures subcircular, smaller and more variable in size than those of autozooids, 60–110 µm long by 60–80 µm wide. Walls thick with a sharp median ridge. Apertures locally occluded by thin, convex diaphragms.</p><p>Gonozooid with strongly digitate to dendritic outline, indented and penetrated by single or groups of autozooids. Roof of porous interior wall, the pores large and partly occluded by fine radial spines. Brood chamber about 350 µm high, becoming overgrown by autozooids and kenozooids. Short mural spines closely spaced on vertical walls lining brood chamber close to roof. Ooeciopore not observed. Opening of fertile zooid in floor of gonozooid elliptical and about half the diameter of an autozooidal aperture.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Notwithstanding the work of Alvarez (1995 and references therein), Disporella is a speciose genus in need of a thorough revision, beginning with the type species D. hispida (Fleming, 1828) which has not only been variously interpreted but also lacks valid type material (see Gordon and Taylor 2001, p. 259). There can be considerable changes in skeletal morphology as colonies grow, develop additional cormidial units and become fertile with gonozooids that may subsequently be overgrown. As these changes have been documented for very few of the nominal species of Disporella, species identification is difficult.</p><p>The vivid red colour of unbleached colonies of the new species is unusual for Disporella, although a pink coloration was noted for D. wanganuiensis (Waters, 1887) by Gordon and Taylor (2001) but this New Zealand species has autozooids arranged in well-defined radial rows 1–3 zooids wide that form distinct ridge-like fascicles, and apertural spines are wanting. The European species Disporella mamillata (Lagaaij 1952), considered by Hayward and Ryland (1985, p. 130) to be a form of D. hispida, has compound colonies reminiscent of D. ezoensis sp. nov. but lacks the intense red coloration seen in the Japanese species.</p><p>The checklist of Japanese cyclostome bryozoans published by Mawatari (1955) listed 11 species of lichenoporids, all assigned to the genus Lichenopora Defrance, 1823 (now Patinella Gray, 1848; see Gordon and Taylor 1997). Mawatari and Mawatari (1974) subsequently described six lichenoporid species from Hokkaido, five assigned to Lichenopora and one to Bimulticavea. The latter – B. variabilis d’ Orbigny, 1853 – was collected from Akkeshi and described as forming thick crusts of two or three layers encrusting stones. From the description and illustrations, it is likely that this species is D. ezoensis sp. nov. It is not conspecific with B. variabilis, which is a Late Cretaceous fossil from France (see http://www. nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/dorbigny/dOrbgenus/Bimulticavea/ Bimulticavea.html), characterized by stellate clusters of autozooidal apertures surrounding broad maculae.</p><p>Occurrence</p><p>Colonies of D. ezoensis sp. nov. were recorded at four localities along the eastern coast of the Akkeshi Bay, showing local abundance near the tip of Aikappu Cape and at Aininkappu Cape. All colonies encrusted rock surfaces (smaller rocks and pebbles) lying beneath large stones, layered boulders, cobbles and clods. Close proximity of adjacent colonies resulted in their mutual overgrown and the formation of a continuous wrinkled cover on the substrata, attaining 12 × 4 cm in dimensions, and possessing a typically vivid red colour.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383F644FFDFFF95FE32376CFD11FA7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Taylor, Paul D.;Grischenko, Andrei V.	Taylor, Paul D., Grischenko, Andrei V. (2015): Two new species of heavily calcified cyclostome bryozoans from the intertidal of Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of Natural History 49 (29): 1763-1775, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1006287
0383F644FFDAFF9AFDC13443FE2AFCC8.text	0383F644FFDAFF9AFDC13443FE2AFCC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Favosipora ainui Taylor & Grischenko 2015	<div><p>Favosipora ainui sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 2B and 4)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype: NHMUK 2014.11.18.13 (Figure 4), Aikappu . Paratypes: NHMUK 2014.11.18.14–16, Aikappu; 2014.11.18.23 (Figure 2B), Aininkappu; 2014.11.18.17–22, Aikappu .</p><p>Derivation of name</p><p>In reference to the native people of Hokkaido, the Ainu.</p><p>Description</p><p>Colony encrusting, multiserial, unlilamellar or multilamellar, irregularly circular to oval, attaining about 3 cm across; corn or lemon when alive; surface irregularly mounded, with occasional monticules, some elongated parallel to local growth direction, and chimney-like prominences formed around tubes of symbionts. Distal fringe of basal lamina variable in width, locally extending about 1 mm beyond budding zone. Skeletal organization free-walled with the exception of fixed-walled gonozooids. Mural spines short and sparse. Early astogeny unknown.</p><p>Autozooids with elliptical apertures and bicuspate apertural rims standing slightly above the surrounding kenozooids with prolongations at opposite ends of the long axis of the aperture, diameter typically 125–138 µm by 110 µm. Apertures typically separated by kenozooids, occasionally connate.</p><p>Kenozooids abundant, outnumbering autozooids, apertures subcircular, smaller and more variable in size than those of autozooids, about 50–110 µm in diameter. Walls between kenozooids thick, with a slight median ridge.</p><p>Gonozooids frequent, subcircular in overall outline shape, about 1.50–1.65 mm in diameter, a salient wall forming the slightly digitate outer border. Roof of pseudoporous exterior wall penetrated and supported by about 30 circular autozooidal apertures having short, sharp-edged peristomes, often closed completely or partly by a terminal diaphragm and either isolated or connate and arranged in radial rows of up to five apertures. Polygonal pattern of sutures in roofs of complete gonozooids, as well as morphology of partly formed gonozooids, show calcification developing outwards from peristomes of penetrative autozooids. Ooeciopore located at centre of gonozooid, strongly elliptical in shape, the maximum width similar to that of apertures of the penetrative autozooids, 50 µm by 95 µm in diameter, a short, funnel-like, ooeciostome with a subcircular opening about 145 µm by 155 µm in diameter.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Twelve species of Favosipora have been recognized, comprising 11 recent species from the Pacific and Indian oceans and one fossil species from the Miocene of Italy (Gordon and Taylor 2001, 2010; Dick et al. 2006; Toscano and Taylor 2008). Favosipora ainui sp. nov. is the first species recorded from Japan. Gonozooids in species of Favosipora fall into two main morphological groups: in the majority of species, the gonozooid has a sinuous outline and the roof is not penetrated by autozooids, but in a second group, including the new species, autozooids pass through the roof and support it. Among species in this second group, Favosipora ainui sp. nov. most closely resembles F. otagoensis (Taylor et al. 1989), an obligate, tube-building symbiont of hermit crabs from New Zealand. However, the new species has a greater number of autozooids penetrating the roof of the gonozooid (c. 30 vs. c. 20) and their apertures are not bicuspate, unlike apertures elsewhere in colony. Furthermore, the ooeciostome is shorter and the ooeciopore appreciably smaller in F. otagoensis than in F. ainui sp. nov. Another species from New Zealand, F. marmorosa Gordon and Taylor, 2001, also has gonozooids penetrated by autozooids but the gonozooids in F. marmorosa contrast with those of the new species in having a markedly digitate outline. In addition, colonies of F. marmorosa are strongly monticulate, with pale monticules surrounded by more heavily pigmented intermonticular areas, whereas colonies of F. ainui are corn or lemon in colour.</p><p>Occurrence</p><p>Specimens of F. ainui were detected at three localities on the eastern coast of Akkeshi Bay, being locally abundant at Aininkappu Cape. The great majority of colonies (22 of 23) formed roughly circular encrustations, up to 3 cm across, on various smaller rocks and pebbles lying beneath boulders, or occasionally on the undersides of boulders. A single colony was found encrusting a fragment of an unidentified bivalve shell. Some colonies were densely penetrated by tubes occupied by sedentary polychaetes (Figures 2B, 4A).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383F644FFDAFF9AFDC13443FE2AFCC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Taylor, Paul D.;Grischenko, Andrei V.	Taylor, Paul D., Grischenko, Andrei V. (2015): Two new species of heavily calcified cyclostome bryozoans from the intertidal of Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of Natural History 49 (29): 1763-1775, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1006287
