identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038087BBFFFDFFE036C7EC1A02EEFC47.text	038087BBFFFDFFE036C7EC1A02EEFC47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptoperla aculeata (Wu 1973)	<div><p>Cryptoperla aculeata (Wu, 1973)</p> <p>(Fig. 1)</p> <p>Peltoperla aculeata Wu, 1973: 100.</p> <p>Cryptoperla aculeata (Wu, 1973): Stark, 1989: 517; Yang &amp; Li, 2018: 53; Chen, 2020: 587. Complementary description. The holotype and paratype (allotype) suffered dehydration damage but were otherwise intact. Their color pattern was obscured due to their condition. Ocelli were positioned far from each other, the distance between them being more than twice the diameter of an ocellus (Figs. 1a, 1c).</p> <p>Male terminalia (Fig. 1b). Basal cercal segment long but stout, inner margin without long bristles but covered with long hairs on the whole surface; apical multidentate spur with a longer apical and three shorter basal teeth (Fig. 1b). Aedeagus cannot be studied due to the poor condition of the specimen.</p> <p>Female terminalia (Figs. 1c, 1d). Subgenital plate parabolic and reaching beyond midlength of segment 10 with a narrow, bare, slightly sclerotized marginal band. Sternum 9 is deeply emarginate (Fig. 1d).</p> <p>Type material. Holotype: male (IZCAS), China: Yunnan Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.34836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.04096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.34836/lat 22.04096)">Dai Autonomous Prefecture of Xishuangbanna</a>, Menghai County, 1200‒1600 m, 22.04096 N, 100.34836 E, 1958.VII.18, leg. Shuyong Wang. Paratype: 1 female (allotype, IZCAS), same locality and data as holotype. Additional paratypes (one male and three females from Sichuan Province, and one male and one female from Gansu Province) were not found.</p> <p>Distribution. China: Yunnan, Sichuan and Gansu Provinces, on the basis of the original description (Wu 1973). The presence of this species in Sichuan and Gansu provinces should be confirmed.</p> <p>Remarks. Multidentate spur of male basal cercal segment of this species is similar to the Vietnamese C. curvata Stark &amp; Sivec, 2007a, the widespread C. fraterna (Banks, 1938), and the Thai C. karen Stark, 1989, but can be easily distinguished from them by the lack of long bristles of basal cercal segment. The female subgenital plate is a common type. The subgenital plate of the female allotype is not fully in agreement with the original description and figures (compare fig. 4 in Wu 1973 and Fig. 1d). In Wu’s figure and description, the subgenital plate is very large and with a medial notch on the posterior margin. The original figure may not be referring to the allotype from Yunnan but to a paratype from Sichuan or Gansu.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087BBFFFDFFE036C7EC1A02EEFC47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mo, Raorao;Liu, Ruijun;Wang, Guoquan;Li, Weihai;Murányi, Dávid	Mo, Raorao, Liu, Ruijun, Wang, Guoquan, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2021): Two new and one poorly known species of the Cryptoperla formosana species group (Plecoptera: Peltoperlidae) from China. Zootaxa 5032 (2): 237-246, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5032.2.5
038087BBFFFEFFE036C7EDEA035EF852.text	038087BBFFFEFFE036C7EDEA035EF852.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptoperla bicornata Mo & Liu & Wang & Li & Murányi 2021	<div><p>Cryptoperla bicornata sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 2a, 3)</p> <p>Adult habitus (Figs. 2a, 3a). General body color brown. Biocellate, distance between ocelli less than 1.5 times the diameter of the ocellus. Head brown and hairy, with a large, dark brown elliptical medial area interrupted by M-line; compound eyes black; antennae and palpi brown. Pronotum dark brown, rectangular, with distinct, symmetrical brown rugosities and a brownish posteromedial area. Wing membrane brownish, veins brown; legs brown. Abdominal segments mostly pale brown to yellowish.</p> <p>Male (Figs. 3b‒3f). Forewing length 12.0‒13.0 mm (n=3). Hindwing 11.0‒12.0 mm. Tergum 10 posteromedi- ally with a triangular process, and rounded, hairy posterolateral portions (Fig. 3b). Basal cercal segment ca. 4.5 times longer than basal width, with basally sparse and apically dense fringe of long bristles along medial margin; apex of basal segment curved dorsad, swollen in lateral view, and armed with a single, stalk-less, slender and dark red spur extending to midlength of 5 th cercomere with a sharp tip (Figs. 3c‒3f). Vesicle of sternum 9 ca. 1.3 times longer than wide. Aedeagus (Figs. 3c, 3e‒3f) membranous; basoventrally with a pair of lateral horn-like processes and with a medial triangular swelling between a pair of raised lateral lobes bearing a marginal fringe of fine, brown hairs; medial portion above the basoventral processes and lobes is yellow but unarmed; dorsoapical portion is a long, naked lobe, twice longer than wide.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype: male (HIST), China: Henan Province, Luoyang City, Luanchuan County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.75472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.70583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.75472/lat 33.70583)">Long Yu Bay Scenic Area</a> (Longyuwan), 976 m, 33.70583 N, 111.75472 E, light trap, 2019.VII.7, leg. Raorao Mo, Ruijun Liu. Paratypes: 2 males (HIST), light trap, 2012.VIII.18, leg. Weihai Li, same locality as holotype.</p> <p>Etymology. The name refers to a pair of horn-like basal processes of aedeagus. Latin “bi-” means two, and “cornu” means horn.</p> <p>Distribution. China: Henan Province, eastern part of the Qinling Mts. Our specimens were collected at lights on the hotel roof located in the lower region of the Long Yu Bay Scenic Area. The hotel is surrounded by trees and there is an unnamed stream in front of it (Fig. 6b).</p> <p>Remarks. See comments below under C. cunicidata sp. nov.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087BBFFFEFFE036C7EDEA035EF852	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mo, Raorao;Liu, Ruijun;Wang, Guoquan;Li, Weihai;Murányi, Dávid	Mo, Raorao, Liu, Ruijun, Wang, Guoquan, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2021): Two new and one poorly known species of the Cryptoperla formosana species group (Plecoptera: Peltoperlidae) from China. Zootaxa 5032 (2): 237-246, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5032.2.5
038087BBFFFFFFE536C7EB900360F91F.text	038087BBFFFFFFE536C7EB900360F91F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptoperla cunicidata Mo & Liu & Wang & Li & Murányi 2021	<div><p>Cryptoperla cunicidata sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 2b, 4‒5, 6a)</p> <p>Adult habitus (Figs. 2b, 4a). General body color brown. Biocellate, distance between ocelli about twice the diameter of the ocellus. Head brown and hairy, with a large, dark brown subtriangular area interrupted by M-line; compound eyes black; antennae and palpi brown. Pronotum dark brown, rectangular, with distinct, symmetrical brown rugosities and a pale median band. Wing membrane brownish, veins brown; legs brown. Abdominal segments mostly pale brown.</p> <p>Male (Figs. 4b‒4d, 5, 6a). Forewing length ca. 12.2 mm. Hindwing ca. 11.2 mm. Tergum 10 posteromedially with a triangular process (Fig. 5a). Basal cercal segment ca. 7 times longer than basal width; with fringe of long bristles along the apical half of inner margin, being more dense towards the apex; apex of basal segment curved dorsad but not swollen in lateral view, and armed with a single, slender dark red spur extending to posterior margin of segment 4, the spur is with a distinct, bald stalk, slightly curved outward and has a sharp tip (Figs. 4d, 5a, 5d). Vesicle of sternum 9 ca. 1.3 times longer than wide (Figs. 5b‒c). Aedeagus (Figs. 4b ‒ac, 5a, 5c‒5d, 6a): membra- nous, rabbit-shaped in ventral view (Figs. 5c, 6a); basal half naked and trapezoidal; apical half ventrally with a pair of short spherical lobes, laterally with a pair of long cylindrical lobes between which have fine, brown marginal hairs at base, and dorsally with a large, naked spherical lobe, ca. half as long as cylindrical lobes. On Figs. 4b, 5a, 5d, the dorsal lobe is broken by contents, but apical margin is clear.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype: male (HIST), China: Guangdong Province, Shaoguan City, Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.03001&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.92001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.03001/lat 24.92001)">Nanling National Forest Park</a> , 617.2‒814.5 m, 24.92001 N, 113.03001 E, 2020.IX.10, leg. Raorao Mo.</p> <p>Etymology. The name refers to the rabbit-shaped aedeagus (Figs. 5c, 6a). Latin “cunicidus” means rabbit.</p> <p>Distribution. China: Guangdong Province, known only from the type locality in the Nanling Mts. Our specimen was collected at Peacock Waterfall of the Nanling Mts. The waterfall is located in a canyon at a low elevation (Fig. 6c).</p> <p>Remarks. The two new species, Cryptoperla bicornata sp. nov. and C. cunicidata sp. nov. share similar cerci and tergum 10, but in C. cunicidata, the tip of cercal spur is stalked, and slightly curved outward, the proportions of the basal cercomere are different, and apically not swollen. Additionally, they can be easily separated by head and pronotum patterns and by different aedeagus morphology.</p> <p>In addition, these two new species share a single, sharp and slender spur of the basal cercal segment with C. akha Stark, 1989, C. formosana (Okamoto, 1912), C. ishigakiensis (Kawai, 1968), and C. stilifera Sivec, 1995. Both new species can be distinguished from the latter four species as follows: in C. akha, the cercal spur is curved medially, its apical half being transparent and its head pattern is indistinct; in C. formosana, the aedeagus has a pair of ventral setal patches and the cercal spur is curved medially; in C. ishigakiensis the cercal spur is strongly bent medially with the medial margin of apical half of basal cercal segment lacking long bristles; in C. stilifera, the cercal spur is thicker and longer extending to segment 6 of the cerci.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087BBFFFFFFE536C7EB900360F91F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mo, Raorao;Liu, Ruijun;Wang, Guoquan;Li, Weihai;Murányi, Dávid	Mo, Raorao, Liu, Ruijun, Wang, Guoquan, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2021): Two new and one poorly known species of the Cryptoperla formosana species group (Plecoptera: Peltoperlidae) from China. Zootaxa 5032 (2): 237-246, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5032.2.5
038087BBFFFBFFEA36C7E91205B1FB54.text	038087BBFFFBFFEA36C7E91205B1FB54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptoperla formosana (Okamoto 1912)	<div><p>Key to males of species of Cryptoperla formosana species group</p> <p>1. Basal cercal segment has a single apical lobe bearing dense bristles or hairs....................................... 2</p> <p>- Basal cercal segment has a single or multidentate apical spur lacking dense bristles or hairs......................... 4</p> <p>2. Basal cercal segment lacks a thick cluster of digitate bristles (figs. 1‒2 in Sivec 1995)............ C. fujianica Sivec, 1995</p> <p>- Basal cercal segment has a thick cluster of digitate bristles extending medially.................................... 3</p> <p>3. Inner margin of basal cercal segment lacks distinct long bristles (figs. 2‒5 in Huo &amp; Du 2018)........ C.dactylina Du, 2018</p> <p>- Inner margin of basal cercal segment bears distinct long bristles....................... C. kawasawai Maruyama, 2002</p> <p>4. Cercal spur is simple without teeth....................................................................... 5</p> <p>- Cercal spur is multidentate............................................................................ 14</p> <p>5. Cercal spur is hook-like, strongly curved dorsally (figs. 15‒16 in Stark &amp; Sivec 2007a)..... C. hubleyi Stark &amp; Sivec, 2007</p> <p>- Cercal spur is straight or slightly curved................................................................... 6</p> <p>6. Cercal spur has a blunt tip.............................................................................. 7</p> <p>- Cercal spur has a sharp tip.............................................................................. 9</p> <p>7. Cercal spur is fully transparent, without apical setae (fig. 14 in Stark &amp; Sivec 2007b)....... C. uchidai Stark &amp; Sivec, 2007</p> <p>- Cercal spur is not fully transparent, with apical setae......................................................... 8</p> <p>8. Cercal spur may extend to distal end of cercal segment 3, with 2‒3 long apical setae; cercal segment 2 has a short dorsal process (fig. 49 in Stark 1989).............................................................. C. bisaeta (Kawai, 1968)</p> <p>- Cercal spur does not extend past cercal segment 2, with 1‒2 short apical setae; cercal segment 2 lacks dorsal process (figs. 30, 33 in Stark 1989)....................................................................... C. kali Stark, 1989</p> <p>9. Inner margin of apical half of basal cercal segment lacks long bristles (figs. 1C‒1E in Kawai, 1968)............................................................................................... C. ishigakiensis (Kawai, 1968)</p> <p>- Inner margin of apical half of basal cercal segment has distinct long bristles...................................... 10</p> <p>10. Cercal spur is very long and slightly exceeds subsequent five segments (figs. 3‒4 in Sivec 1995).... C. stilifera Sivec, 1995</p> <p>- Cercal spur is shorter and does not exceed subsequent four segments........................................... 11</p> <p>11. Cercal spur is bicolored and its apical half transparent (figs. 17, 19 in Stark 1989)................... C. akha Stark, 1989</p> <p>- Cercal spur has uniform color.......................................................................... 12</p> <p>12. Aedeagus has a pair of horn-like basal lobes (Figs. 3c, 3e‒3f).................................. C. bicornata sp. nov.</p> <p>- Aedeagus has two pairs of apical lobes................................................................... 13</p> <p>13. Aedeagus has a pair of ventral setal patches (fig. 8 in Uchida &amp; Isobe 1988).............. C. formosana (Okamoto, 1912)</p> <p>- Aedeagus lacks ventral setal patches (Figs. 4c, 5c, 6a)....................................... C. cunicidata sp. nov.</p> <p>14. Inner margin of apical half of basal cercal segment lacks long bristles (figs. 1‒3 in Wu 1973; Fig. 1b).................................................................................................... C. aculeata (Wu, 1973)</p> <p>- Inner margin of apical half of basal cercal segment has long bristles............................................ 15</p> <p>15. Cercal spur consists of several polyp-like structures with apical hair tufts (figs. 1‒3 in Sivec 2005)...... C. dui Sivec, 2005</p> <p>- Cercal spur lacks polyp-like structures................................................................... 16</p> <p>16. Cercal spur is spatulate with serrate apex (figs. 45, 48 in Stark 1989)........................ C. chiangi (Banks, 1940)</p> <p>- Cercal spur is not spatulate but with spines or teeth......................................................... 17</p> <p>17. Cercal spur consists of a major spur and 3‒10 smaller dorsal spines (figs. 50‒53 in Stark 1989)... C. fraterna (Banks, 1938)</p> <p>- Cercal spur consists of multidentate teeth................................................................. 18</p> <p>18. Cercal spur with 1‒3 long teeth (figs. 1, 4 in Stark 1989)...................................... C. karen Stark, 1989</p> <p>- Cercal spur with ca. 10 short teeth (figs. 2, 4 in Stark &amp; Sivec 2007a).............. C. curvata Stark &amp; Sivec, 2007</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087BBFFFBFFEA36C7E91205B1FB54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mo, Raorao;Liu, Ruijun;Wang, Guoquan;Li, Weihai;Murányi, Dávid	Mo, Raorao, Liu, Ruijun, Wang, Guoquan, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2021): Two new and one poorly known species of the Cryptoperla formosana species group (Plecoptera: Peltoperlidae) from China. Zootaxa 5032 (2): 237-246, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5032.2.5
