identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0380274EFB083E18FCD12C0A110AFAA2.text	0380274EFB083E18FCD12C0A110AFAA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estoloides (Parestoloides) costaricensis Breuning 1940	<div><p>On Estoloides (Parestoloides) costaricensis Breuning, 1940</p><p>Breuning (1940) described E. (P.) costaricensis based on, at least, 1 male and 1 female. According to him, the holotype is from San José, Costa Rica (No mention if San José was the Province in CR, or a city, of which there are many in CR and more than one in the Province of CR) and was deposited at ZMHB. The sex and collecting site of the paratype, also deposited at the ZMHB, was not reported.</p><p>Bernd Jaeger (ZMHB) (personal communication) found 3 specimens in the ZMHB, but none with a type label. One of the specimens (Figs 3–6), identified by Breuning, is from Piedras Negras, Costa Rica. Piedras Negras is in the Province of San José but since Breuning failed to indicate, Province or city for San José it is not possible to know if it is the holotype.</p><p>There is a female specimen, also from Costa Rica (Figs. 37–39), deposited at NHMB and identified by Breuning as Parestoloides costaricensis . However, the pronotal sculpture is denser indicating this species is not the same as that deposited in the ZMHB.</p><p>There is also a specimen from Surrubres (300’), Costa Rica in the USNM that bears a type label and is determined by Breuning as Estola costaricensis Breuning (Figs 7–8). It has the pronotum densely punctate, which differs from Estoloides costaricensis based on comments by Breuning (1940, 1974a) that Estoloides costaricensis has the pronotum less punctate than Estoloides perforata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB083E18FCD12C0A110AFAA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB083E1EFCD12A96101DFE5D.text	0380274EFB083E1EFCD12A96101DFE5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estoloides perforata (Bates 1872)	<div><p>On Estoloides perforata (Bates, 1872)</p><p>Estoloides perforata was found to be the most common species in the collections examined. According to Bates (1872) (translated): “Similar to Esthlogena porosa, but shorter and with tarsal claws divaricate as in Estola . Dark, pubescence dark ocherous, frons, thorax and elytra coarsely, sparsely punctate, on the elytra slightly aligned, elytral apex rounded; pronotum not tuberculate; antenna black, antennomeres IV–XI with grayish basal ring; body beneath and legs with dense gray pubescence. Long. 4 ½ – 5 ½ lines [9.52–11.64 mm]. Male and female. Also found in Venezuela.” Examination of photographs of two syntypes show considerable difference in the dorsal punctation, see Fig. 9 with dark areas irregularly surrounding the punctures (which we are considering the typical form of the species), versus Bezark (2017), which lacks them. Such differences indicate the type series of Estoloides perforata may encompass more than one species. Only by examining all syntypes will it be possible to know if all of them belong to the same species. Until this happens it is not possible to designate a lectotype.</p><p>The most common variations found in E. perforata are:</p><p>1. Dorsal pubescence from slightly grayish to orange; 2. Pronotal punctation from slightly fine to coarse; 3. Elytral punctation from slightly fine to coarse; 4. Pubescence on scutellum from distinctly contrasting with that on elytra to not contrasting, evenly covering entire surface to denser laterally (in this later case, central area with a small to large glabrous, or nearly so, area on center-basal region);</p><p>5. Antenna surpassing elytral apex by 2.5 to 4 segments in male, 1 to 2 segments in female; 6. Tarsi from entirely light to entirely dark.</p><p>A feature that best helps recognition of E. perforata is the grayish pubescence on ventral side of the body, as well as on the sides of humerus, basal third of the epipleura (distinctly contrasting with remaining elytral pubescence), and sides of prothorax.</p><p>In summary, it is likely that E. perforata is a complex of very similar species. However, if so, no character pointed out by Bates (1872, 1885), or Breuning (1940, 1974a), nor found by us, can consistently separate them.</p><p>Material examined. MEXICO, Chiapas: 1 km S Ocosingo, 3.VII.1986, Wappes, col. 1 male (ACMT) ; 1 male, 30.IX–01.X.1986, Wappes, col. (ACMT); 1 male, 2 females, 18.X.1988, Wappes, col. (ACMT); 1 male, 39 km S Palenque, 1.X.1986, Wappes col. (ACMT) ; Palenque Area, 1 male, 4.VII.1986, Wappes col. (ACMT) ; Parque Laguna Bélgica, 1 female, 5. VII.1 986, Giesbert col. (FSCA) . HONDURAS, 10 km W Siguatepeque, 1 male, 22.V.1978, Giesbert col. (FSCA) . Olancho: La Muralla National Park, 1 male, 1 female, 24–27.V.1995, Wappes col. (ACMT) ; 2 males, 1 female, 24–27.V.1995, Wappes col. (MZSP); 10 males, 3 females, 24.V.1995, Morris col. (RFMC); 1 male, 1.VI.1995, R. Turnbow col. (FSCA); 1 male, 2.VI.1995, R. Turnbow col. (FSCA). Atlántida: La Ceiba (C.U.R.L.A.), 1 female, 30.VIII.1984, C. W. O’Brien col. (ACMT) ; Lancetilla (golf course), 2 males, 1 female, 28.V.1993, F. Skillman col. (FWSC) ; ( Jardín Botánico), 2 females, 6.XII.1995, F. Skillman col. (FWSC) . Comayagua: 9 km WSW Siguatepeque, 1 female, 2.XII.1995, F. Skillman col. (FWSC) . El Paraíso: El Portillo (Apaguis Mts.), 7 km S. Danli, 2 males, 3 females, 12.X.1993, F. Skillman col. (FWSC) . Copán: 27 km SW La Entrada, 1 male, 9.X.1993, F. Skillman col. (FWSC) ; 19 km SW Santa Rosa de Copan, 1 male, 7.X.1993, F. Skillman col. (FWSC) ; 1 male, 8.X.1993, F. Skillman col. (FWSC). Francisco Morazán: 4–17 km SE Danlí, 1 female, 27.XI.1995, F. Skillman col. (FWSC) . Santa Bárbara: El Merendón (lower slopes), 1 male, 10.X.1993, F. Skillman col. (FWSC) . Lempira: 30 km N Gracias, 2 males, 7.X.1993, F. Skillman col. (FWSC) ; Belén, 2 males, 1 female, 6.X.1993, F. Skillman col. (FWSC) . Intibucá: 7 km W San Juan, 1 male, 3.XII.1995, R. Turnbow col. (FSCA) . GUATEMALA, Baja Verapaz: Biotopo del Quetzal (ca. 5200’), 1 male, 25.V–1.VI.1989, Giesbert col. (FSCA); vic. Purulhá (1500 m) , 1 male, 26.V.1997, Giesbert col. (FSCA); 6–9 km E Purulhá (ca. 5000’), 1 male, 15–24.IV.1990, Giesbert col. (FSCA). NICARAGUA, Nueva Segovia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-86.166664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.966666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -86.166664/lat 13.966666)">Cerro Jesus</a> (13º58’N / 86º10’W, 1300 m) , 1 female, 7–13.VI.2015, Wappes &amp; Morris col. (ACMT). Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur: Bluefields, 1 female, 11.VI.2002, F. Skillman col. (FWSC) . COSTA RICA, Heredia: Estación El Ceibo (10 km SE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.083336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.083336/lat 10.333333)">La Virgem</a>, 450–550 m, 10º20’N / 84º05’W), 1 female, 7–14.IV.2003, E. G. Riley col. (ACMT) . Cartago: La Suiza de Turrialba, 1 male, no date indicated, Pablo Schild col. (MZSP) ; Turrialba, 1 female, 13.III.1970, no collector indicated (MZSP); (600 m) , 1 female, 10.III.1970, V. Becker col. (MZSP). Puntarenas: Monteverde, 1 female, 6.8. I.1990, F. Skillman col. (FWSC) ; Punta Leona, 1 male, 29.VI–3.VII.2001, J. &amp; A. Rifkind col. (RFMC) ; 1 male, 26.II.1987, Giesbert col. (FSCA); 1 male, 1 female, 11–14.IV.1981, Giesbert col. (FSCA); 1 female, 19–26.IV.1988, Giesbert col. (FSCA); 1 female, 11–13.V.1996, Giesbert col. (FSCA); 1 female, 29–31.XII.1979, Giesbert col. (FSCA); 1 male, 24.II.1987, Giesbert col. (FSCA); Las Alturas ( San Vito), 2 males, 1 female, VI.1996, Giesbert &amp; Hovore col. (FSCA) . Guanacaste: La Fortuna Volcan (Miravalles, Cabro sector), 2 males, 26.VI.2001, J. &amp; A. Rifkind col. (RFMC) . Alajuela: Albergue Heliconias (760 m), 1 male, 25–27.VI.2001, J. &amp; A. Rifkind col. (RFMC) . PANAMA, Bocas del Toro: 16 km W Chiriqui Grande, 1 male, 21–22.II.1999, Wappes col. (ACMT); 40 km W Chiriqui Grande, 1 female, 10.V.1999, Morris &amp; Wappes col. (RFMC) . Chiriqui: Santa Clara (1540 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.76219&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.842999" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.76219/lat 8.842999)">Finca Hartmann</a>, 08º50’34.8”N / 82º45’43.9”W), 1 female, 17–22.II.2012, Bezark col. (MZSP) ; 1 male, 1 female, 4–7.VII.1997, Morris &amp; Wappes col. (RFMC); 4 km E Boqueti, 1 male, 16.V.1996, Wappes, Huether &amp; Morris col. (ACMT); Ojo de Agua (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.74339&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.86159" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.74339/lat 8.86159)">Fca. Hartmann</a>, 8.86159ºN / 82.74339ºW) , 1 female, E. G. Riley col. (ACMT); Cerro Punta Area, 1 female, 13.V.1981, Wappes col. (RFMC) . Coclé: El Valle, 1 male, 19.II.1999, Wappes col. (ACMT) . Colón: San Lorenzo Forest (STRI, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.283334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.96667/lat 9.283334)">Crane</a> site, 9º17’N / 79º58’W) , 1 male, 5–7.X.2003, F. Ødegaard col. (RFMC); 2 males, 1 female, 23.X.2003, F. Ødegaard col. (RFMC); 20 km E Portobello, 2 males, 2 females, 14–17.II.1999, Wappes col. (ACMT) ; 1 female, 14–17.II.1999, Wappes col. (MZSP); 1 male, 1 female, 24.II.1999, Wappes col. (ACMT); vicinity of Fort Sherman, 1 male, 24.II. 999, Wappes col. (ACMT) ; vicinity of Palenque, 1 male, 17.II.1999, Wappes col. (ACMT) ; 4.5 km NE Palenque, 1 male, 1 female, 25.II–4.III.1992, Giesbert col. (FSCA) . Panama: 10 km E Canita, 1 male, 29.VI.1997, Wappes col. (ACMT) ; 25 km SE Canita on Corredor Sur (9.15321ºN / 78.69283ºW), 1 male, 9.VIII.2011, E. Riley col. (MZSP); Bayano distr. (2.5 km W Ipiti), 1 female, 11–22.V.1996, Wappes, Huether &amp; Morris col. (ACMT) ; Cerro Jefé (3000’), 1 female, 13.II.1999, Wappes col. (ACMT) ; (2200’), 1 male, 11–12.V.1996, Wappes, Huether &amp; Morris col. (ACMT); Cerro Campana (2000’), 1 female, 10–20.V.1981, Wappes col. (ACMT) ; 2 males, 18–19.V.1984, Giesbert col. (FSCA); 17 km N El Llano, 1 female, 8.I.1983, Giesbert col. (FSCA) ; 1 male, 1 female, 17.II.1987, Giesbert col. (FSCA). Veraguas: 2–5 km S Santa Fé, 1 female, 19.II.1999, Wappes col. (MZSP).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB083E1EFCD12A96101DFE5D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB0E3E1EFCD12EC816F9FC1C.text	0380274EFB0E3E1EFCD12EC816F9FC1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estoloides fulvitarsis (Bates 1885)	<div><p>On Estoloides fulvitarsis (Bates, 1885)</p><p>Bates (1885) described E. fulvitarsis and reported: “Of the same form as E. perforata, and of the same uniform grayish-black colour beneath, but the upper surface of a lighter yellowish brown hue, and the elytra sprinkled with large blackish-brown punctures, in the centre of each of which is a puncture larger than the other punctures. In this latter peculiarity it resembles Esthlogena porosa, but with the difference that the elytra are faintly punctate-striate, with many small punctures besides the larger black ones. Some examples of the typical E. perforata from Chontales have nearly the same elytral sculpture, and these are only to be distinguished from E. fulvitarsis by the black tarsi.”</p><p>These comments indicate that the elytral sculpture in E. perforata is somewhat variable. This is easily observed in the large series of specimens examined. The “distinguishing” character of tarsal color mentioned by Bates (1885) has been found to be an unreliable character as is the color of the dorsal surface. Specimens were examined with color combinations of entirely light tarsi and dorsal pubescence from orange to distinctly paler yellow brown, as well as specimens with entirely dark tarsi and varying dorsal color. Others were also examined with the distal tarsomeres light and the basal ones dark. It is likely that E. fulvitarsis is a synonym of E. perforata . However, until a lectotype can be designated for E. perforata the synonymy cannot be established.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB0E3E1EFCD12EC816F9FC1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB0E3E1EFCD12B0F10E2F9F9.text	0380274EFB0E3E1EFCD12B0F10E2F9F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estoloides strandiella Breuning 1940	<div><p>On Estoloides strandiella Breuning, 1940</p><p>Breuning (1940) described E. strandiella based on a single specimen from Costa Rica. Breuning (1974a) redescribed the species as follows (translated): “Near to perforata Bat., but the head and pronotum coarser punctate, the elytra interspersed with punctures very coarse, the margins of the scutellum, except the base, covered with whitish pubescence, the two last tarsal segments not reddish, the antennae with darker pubescence.” In the key, Breuning (1974a) separated E. strandiella from E. fulvitarsis and E. perforata in the alternative of couplet “1” (translated): “1. Antennomere III distinctly longer than IV [leading to E. strandiella] / Antennomere III, at most, slightly longer than IV [leading to E. perforata and E. fulvitarsis].” The difference in the length of the same antennomeres is often variable in the species of Estoloides and typically larger in males than females. Examination of the female holotype photograph of E. strandiella (Figs 10–12) does not show any consistent difference(s) when compared with females of E. perforata . Furthermore, although photographs of the holotype of E. strandiella are not exacting, the length of the antennomere III appears to be slightly longer than IV. It is very likely that E. strandiella is actually another synonym of E. perforata . However, as with E. fulvitarsis, it would be necessary to examine all specimens in the type series to prove this.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB0E3E1EFCD12B0F10E2F9F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB0E3E1FFCD1292312EBFE79.text	0380274EFB0E3E1FFCD1292312EBFE79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estoloides scabracaulis Chemsak & Noguera 1993	<div><p>On Estoloides scabracaulis Chemsak &amp; Noguera, 1993</p><p>Chemsak &amp; Noguera (1993) described E. scabracaulis based on a large series of males and females, nearly all of which are from Estación de Biologia Chamela (Mexico, Jalisco). According to the authors: “The dense, appressed, pale fulvous pubescence interrupted by glabrous punctures make this species easily recognizable. It is also distinctive by the asperate antennal scape and obtuse lateral tubercles of the pronotum.”</p><p>Martins &amp; Galileo (2010) described E. aurantius based on a single female from Quintana Roo, and recorded (translated): “ Estoloides (E.) aurantius sp. nov. is characterized by the following features: dorsal pubescence orangish, interspersed with contrasting and abundant black punctures; scape with roughness at outer side of apex, and scutellum covered with white pubescence.” Comparison of original descriptions, photographs of the types (see Bezark 2017), and specimens in the MZSP collection (Figs 19–20) clearly indicate that E. aurantius and E. scabracaulis are synonymous.</p><p>Two remarkable features make E. scabracaulis one of the easiest Estoloides species to recognize, these being: the protarsi in male large, with long lateral setae (resembling many species of Acanthoderini), and small asperities near apex, on outer side of scape, in both sexes.</p><p>Material examined. MEXICO, Jalisco: Estación de Biología Chamela, 1 male, 15–23.VII.1987, F. T. Hovore col. (MZSP) . Quintana Roo: 18–24 km N San Felipe Carr. Pte, 1 female, 27.V–1.VI.1984, J. E. Wappes col. (MZSP) . GUATEMALA, Zacapa: 12–14 km S San Lorenzo (1–2000'), 1 male, 3–6.VI.1989, J. E. Wappes col. (MZSP) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB0E3E1FFCD1292312EBFE79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB0F3E1CFCD12EA31130FE95.text	0380274EFB0F3E1CFCD12EA31130FE95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estoloides chamelae Chemsak & Noguera 1993	<div><p>On Estoloides chamelae Chemsak &amp; Noguera, 1993, and E. modica Chemsak &amp; Noguera, 1993</p><p>Examination of photographs of the holotypes of E. chamelae (Fig. 23) and E. modica (Figs 27–28), a paratype female of E. chamelae (Fig. 24), paratype males of both species (Figs 25–26), as well as additional males and females of E. chamelae (Figs 21–22) do not allow separating these two species.</p><p>Felipe A. Noguera (personal communication through Nayeli Gutiérrez) kindly reexamined the types of both species deposited at CNIN and provided the following information: integument of E. modica is reddish brown, while in E. chamelae it is dark brown; ventral pubescence in E. modica is scarcer than in E. chamelae; the shape and pubescence of the scutellum is different (center of the scutellum glabrous in E. chamelae, entirely pubescent in E. modica). However, the holotype photographs of the two species show that the integument color is dark brown in both. Furthermore, the pubescence on the scutellum is variable in the specimens of E. chamelae examined by us (from nearly absent on central base (Fig. 21) to entirely pubescent (Fig. 22)). Variation in the pubescence of the scutellum also occurs in other Estoloides species, for example, in E. perforata .</p><p>According to Chemsak and Noguera (1993), on males: “Form moderate sized, subparallel” in E. chamelae, and “Form small, cylindrical” in E. modica; “antennae extending about five segments beyond elytra” in E. chamelae, and “antennae extending about four segments beyond body” in E. modica; “fourth [antennomere] slightly longer than third” in E. chamelae, and “fourth [antennomere] longer than third” in E. modica; “pronotum broader than long” in E. chamelae, and “pronotum about as long as broad” in E. modica; “Elytra slightly more than twice as long as broad” in E. chamelae, and “Elytra about 1 1/2 times as long as broad” in E. modica . However, comparison of the type photographs of both species clearly indicates that the antennal length is variable, and could be the same in both species (see antennal length in the paratype male of E. modica (Fig. 26)); the length of the antennomeres III and IV in both holotypes appears to be the same; measurement of the pronotum using the photographs of the holotypes does not reveal differences; and the measurement of the elytra using the photographs of the holotypes show that they have much the same ratio between length and width. The only small difference that we could define is the distance between upper eye lobes, with it being slightly wider in the holotype of E. modica . However, again this feature is variable in the specimens of E. chamelae examined by us. Thus, the characters used to define differences in the description of these two species are commonly found to vary in many Estoloides species and do not support them as being separate species. For this reason we place Estoloides modica Chemsak and Noguera in synonymy with Estoloides chamelae Chemsak and Noguera (Note: both species were described in the same publication with E. chamelae description beginning pg. 94 and followed by E. modica description beginning pg. 95).</p><p>Estoloides chamelae is also extremely similar to E. aquilonius Linsley &amp; Chemsak, 1984 (Fig. 140). The only difference between these two species we found is the slightly more yellowish dorsal pubescence in specimens of E. aquilonius examined.</p><p>Estoloides chamelae is currently known from Jalisco and Morelos in Mexico. We are adding Chiapas, Colima, Oaxaca, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Guerrero as new state records.</p><p>Material examined of E. chamelae . MEXICO, Chiapas: Chicoasén Dam, 1 female, 4.X.1986, Wappes col. (ACMT) ; Chorreadero Canyon, 2 males, 1 female, 29.IX–2.X.1986, Wappes col. (ACMT) . Colima: 25 km S Colima, 1 male, 19.VII.1990, Wappes col. (ACMT) ; Hwy MX 98 (40 km W Colima), 1 female, 12.VII.2006, F. Skillman &amp; D. C. Hildebrant col. (FWSC) . Guerrero: 6 km W Veintidos, 1 female, 16–22.IX.1989, Giesbert col. (FSCA) . Oaxaca: MX 190/200 (41 km W Zanatepec), 1 male, 1 female, 18.X.2005, F. Skillman &amp; B. Eya col. (FWSC) ; 30 km S Matías Romero, 1 female, 13.VIII.1980, Giesbert col. (FSCA) . Jalisco: MX 80 (km 206, road to El Coyame, 10 km N La Huerta), 2 males, 18.VII.2006, F. Skillman &amp; D. C. Hildebrant col. (FWSC) ; (7 km N Autlán, Rd. to Microondas de San Francisco), 1 female, 18.VII.2006 F. Skillman &amp; D. C. Hildebrant col. (FWSC) ; 1 male, 19.VII.2006 F. Skillman &amp; D. C. Hildebrant col. (FWSC); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-104.35667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.773333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -104.35667/lat 19.773333)">Autlán de Navarro</a> (920 m, 19º46.4’N / 104º21.4’W), 4 females, 30.VI.2010, Brzoska col. (FWSC) ; El Tuito, 1 male, 14.VII.1993, Morris, Huether &amp; Wappes col. (RFMC) ; Estación de Biología Chamela, 1 male, 15–21.X.1987, Giesbert col. (FSCA) . Sinaloa: 5 mi. N Mazatlan, 4 males, 2 females, 3.VIII.1973, Giesbert col. (FSCA) ; 3 km E El Mármol, 1 male, 8.VIII.1983, Giesbert col. (FSCA) . Nayarit: 44 km SW Las Varas, 3 males, 4 females, 8.X.1976, Giesbert col. (FSCA) ; 4 km NE San Blas, 3 males, 5–7.X.1976, Giesbert col. (FSCA) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB0F3E1CFCD12EA31130FE95	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB0C3E1CFCD12E8010E8FD01.text	0380274EFB0C3E1CFCD12E8010E8FD01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estoloides (Spinestoloides) Breuning 1954	<div><p>On Estoloides (Spinestoloides) Breuning, 1954</p><p>Breuning (1954) described E. ( Spinestoloides) as follows (translated): “For this species [ Estoloides spinipennis] well characterized by the body lacking erect setae and the antennomere III slightly longer than IV, I create a new subgenus: Spinestoloides .” Breuning (1974a) repeated this description and kept only E. (S.) spinipennis Breuning, 1954 as the only species of the subgenus.</p><p>It is not understandable why Breuning (1954) described Spinestoloides as a subgenus of Estoloides, since the presence or absence of erect setae on elytra is usually considered a good feature to help separate genera of American Desmiphorini, even by Breuning himself. If this concept was accepted, it would then be necessary to review many other genera in Desmiphorini to determine whether they are simply subgenera of other genera. Accordingly, Spinestoloides is elevated to genus level.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB0C3E1CFCD12E8010E8FD01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB0C3E1CFCD12C0B162DFB34.text	0380274EFB0C3E1CFCD12C0B162DFB34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudestoloides Breuning and Heyrovsky 1961	<div><p>On Pseudestoloides Breuning and Heyrovsky, 1961</p><p>According to Breuning and Heyrovsky (1961), Pseudestoloides is as follows (translated): “Elongate. Antennae slender, a little longer than the body, beneath fringed with short setae, scape slightly long and strongly thick, the antennomere III slightly longer than IV, much longer than scape, the IV much longer than the other antennomeres. Antennal tubercles distant from each other and hardly protruding. Eyes coarsely faceted and strongly emarginate. Genae very short. Frons transverse. Pronotum transverse, trilobed at base, and with long, slender lateral spine, acute and slightly curved. Scutellum pentagonal. Elytra long, slightly wider than pronotum, widely truncate at apex and with serially arranged punctures. Head not retractile. Prosternal process slightly wide, slightly lower than coxae and rounded. Mesoventral process with rounded tubercle. Metaventrite with normal length. Mesocoxal cavities open laterally. Legs with medium length, femora weakly claviform, tibiae with slightly dorsal sulcus, the tarsal claws divaricate.” As for mesocoxal cavities, as in all species of American Desmiphorini, they are closed. Thus, it is not easy to understand what Breuning and Heyrovsky were trying to say.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB0C3E1CFCD12C0B162DFB34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB0C3E1CFCD12BE01795F85A.text	0380274EFB0C3E1CFCD12BE01795F85A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudestoloides hiekei Breuning 1974	<div><p>On Pseudestoloides hiekei Breuning, 1974</p><p>Photographs of the holotype of P. hiekei (Figs 40–44), kindly sent by Bernd Jaeger (ZMHB) show that the elytra have short and erect setae (as recorded in the original description), and the mesoventral process has no tubercle. Furthermore, Bernd Jaeger (personal communication) confirmed that there is no tubercle on mesoventral process. These two features indicate that the species belong to Estoloides, and not to Pseudestoloides . Thus, we are formally transferring the species: Estoloides hiekei, comb. nov. In Breuning (1974a), when describing Estoloides hiekei he did not record the sex of the types. Based on the photographs (Fig. 41–42) the holotype is a male. The paratype (Fig. 44) has the antennomeres III–IV distinctly shorter than in the holotype, which would indicate that it is a female. It also appears the distance between upper eye lobes is distinctly wider than in the holotype. Typically, in other species of Estoloides, the distance between upper eye lobes in females is only slightly wider than in males. Thus, they are likely different species. It would take a detailed exam of the types to know this for certain.</p><p>Additionally:</p><p>Breuning (1974a) separated Estoloides, Pseudestoloides and Falsestoloides in his alternative of couplet “30” (translated):</p><p>“30. Mesotibiae notched...................................................................[leading to Estoloides] - Mesotibiae with slight dorsal sulcus............................................... [leading to Pseudestoloides].”</p><p>The paratype photograph (Fig.44) indicates the mesofemora is clearly notched but, not so in the holotype ventral photograph (Fig. 43). Perhaps they are not only different species but also may belong to different genera.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB0C3E1CFCD12BE01795F85A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB0D3E1DFCD12CC011ECF9F9.text	0380274EFB0D3E1DFCD12CC011ECF9F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mimestoloides Breuning 1974	<div><p>On Mimestoloides Breuning, 1974</p><p>According to Breuning (1974b) (translated): “ Mimestoloides nov. gen. As Estoloides BREUN., but the antennomere III as long as IV, the punctures along elytra are longitudinally arranged, and the mesocoxal cavities open. Type: andresi BREUN. It belongs to Rhodopini, next to Estoloides BREUN. ” The statement on the length of antennomeres does not make sense, since antennomere III in Estoloides, according to Breuning (1974a), is as long as, or longer than IV. Furthermore, the mesocoxal cavities in all American Desmiphorini that we know (including species of Estoloides) are closed (following Linsley &amp; Chemsak 1984). Thus, apparently only the elytral sculpture can help to separate Mimestoloides from Estoloides .</p><p>Examination of photographs of the holotype of M. andresi (Figs 55–58, 98) shows that there is no difference between Mimestoloides Breuning, 1974 and Estoloides as antennomere III is slightly longer than IV, elytral punctures are disposed as in some other species of Estoloides, and the mesocoxal cavities are closed. Thus, Mimestoloides Breuning, 1974 is formally synonymized with Estoloides . Consequently, the type species of this genus is transferred to Estoloides: E. andresi comb. nov.</p><p>According to Breuning (1974b) the type locality of M. andresi: “ Typus von New Mexico: San Andres de la Sierra.” However, there is no information in the specimen labels about where “San Andres de la Sierra” is located (Fig. 58). Thus, “ New Mexico ” needs to be considered as a mere supposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB0D3E1DFCD12CC011ECF9F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB0D3E1DFCD12F8316C0FC55.text	0380274EFB0D3E1DFCD12F8316C0FC55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudestoloides costaricensis Breuning and Heyrovsky 1961	<div><p>On Pseudestoloides costaricensis Breuning and Heyrovsky, 1961 and Pseudestoloides affinis Martins and</p><p>Galileo, 2009</p><p>According to Breuning and Heyrovsky (1961) the holotype of Pseudestoloides costaricensis belonged to Heyrovsky’s collection. Currently, this collection is deposited in the NMPC collection. However, according to Jiří Hájek, curator of the collection (personal communication), the holotype is not there. We tried to find it in several museums, but without success. Breuning (1974a: fig. 7) figured a specimen as being P. costaricensis . However, the elytral apex is not as described in the original description or redescription, and the antennomeres are light pubescent also, unlike the description.</p><p>Martins and Galileo (2009) described P. affinis and compared it with P. costaricensis (translated): “ P. affinis sp. nov. is similar to P. costaricensis, however has scape with notable projection on inner apex, a feature that was not mentioned in the redescription of the genus (Breuning, 1974a: 80). Furthermore, according to the description of P. costaricensis, the head have long setae; the elytra are widely truncate at apex, with outer angle projected, but obtuse, and the elytra have a few punctures surrounded by small black circle. In P. affinis, the head did not show notable long setae; the elytra are spiniform at outer angle, and the black circle on elytra are more abundant.” Actually, although the holotype does not show distinct setae on head, they are present in the paratype (Figs. 45–49). It is possible that the female present in the MZSP collection (Figs. 50–54) identified as P. costaricensis is a female of P. affinis . However, it is not possible to know if P. affinis is really different from P. costaricensis without examining the holotype.</p><p>Material examined. COSTA RICA, Puntarenas: R. B. Monteverde ( Est. La Casona, 1520 m), paratype male, 5–19.XI.1994, K. Martinez col. (MZSP). Heredia:</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.433333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.01667/lat 10.433333)">Est. Biol. la Selva</a> (50–150 m, 10º26'N / 84º01'W), 1 female, IX.1999, INBio-OET col. (MZSP).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB0D3E1DFCD12F8316C0FC55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB0D3E12FCD1292310BEFE5C.text	0380274EFB0D3E12FCD1292310BEFE5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	subsp. fasciatus Martins & Galileo 2010	<div><p>On Mimestoloides fasciatus Martins &amp; Galileo 2010</p><p>Martins &amp; Galileo (2010) described Mimestoloides fasciatus (Figs 59–60) from Mexico (Guerrero) and recorded (translated): “The genus Mimestoloides was defined by Breuning (1974: 158) as Estoloides, but with antennomere III as long as IV, elytral punctation in rows and mesocoxal cavities closed laterally. Mimestoloides has two species, M. benardi Breuning, 1980 de Guadeloupe and Martinique and M. andresi Breuning, 1974 (type species) from “New México [sic], San Andrés de la Sierra.” This locality [San Andrés de la Sierra] is in the catalogues as being from México (Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006); according to a reviewer (to whom we thank): “Probably, the locality is San Andrea Mountains, Sierra Company (Mining Company), New Mexcio [sic], USA.” These statements encompass two mistakes: 1. According to Breuning (1974b) the mesocoxal cavities are open laterally (“Mittelhüfthöhlen offen”); and 2. The authors assumed that Mimestoloides Breuning, 1974 and Mimestoloides Breuning, 1980 are the same genus. This is not the case, as Breuning attributed different type species to each. According to Martins &amp; Galileo (2010) regarding M. fasciatus: “Elytra without erect setae”. As Mimestoloides andresi, type species of Mimestoloides Breuning, 1974 has distinct erect setae on the elytra, it is clear that M. fasciatus cannot belong to the same genus (now Estoloides) but rather to Mimestoloides Breuning, 1980 . Alexey Tishechkin and Charyn Micheli (USNM – personal communication) confirmed that there are no erect setae on the elytra of the holotype of M. fasciatus . It is important to note that M. fasciatus was originally included in Mimestoloides Breuning, 1974 and not in Mimestoloides Breuning, 1980, a genus with an importantly different feature (presence of erect setae on elytra), which would not allow the inclusion of M. fasciatus in this genus. Mimestoloides fasciatus is transferred to Spinestoloides, a genus with similar general appearance and elytra lacking erect setae: Spinestoloides fasciatus comb. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB0D3E12FCD1292310BEFE5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB023E12FCD12EC811D1FB35.text	0380274EFB023E12FCD12EC811D1FB35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mimestoloides Breuning 1980	<div><p>On Mimestoloides Breuning, 1980</p><p>According to Breuning (1980) (translated): “ Mimestoloides n. gen. —Near Pseudestoloides Breuning and Heyrovsky, but the lateral spine of the pronotum strongly curved, the elytra rounded at apex, the prosternal process as high as the coxae and vertically truncate at posterior margin, the mesoventral process inclined forward and the tibiae with abundant erect setae. Type species of the genus: M. benardi n. sp. ”</p><p>Chalumeau and Touroult (2005) made a short redescription of Mimestoloides Breuning, 1974 as follows (translated): “This genus includes two species, one from the United States of America and another from Lesser Antilles. It is characterized by the strongly claviform scape, narrow at base; pedicel twice as wide as long, antennomere III longer than scape and nearly equal to IV; pronotum with strong, conical lateral protuberance; and oval elytra.” This redescription does not show any feature that allows separating Mimestoloides from Estoloides .</p><p>Actually, two good features allow separating Mimestoloides Breuning, 1980 from Estoloides: the prosternal process notably wide (narrow in Estoloides), and the presence of elytral erect setae only on epipleura and near apex (present throughout in Estoloides). However, the wide prosternal process and absence of erect setae on elytra also occur in the type species of Spinestoloides [ Estoloides (Spinestoloides) spinipennis Breuning, 1954]. Thus, we are synonymizing Mimestoloides Breuning, 1980 with Spinestoloides . Accordingly, the only species included in this genus is transferred to Spinestoloides: S. benardi comb. nov. In Monné (1994b, 2005, 2017) and Monné &amp; Giesbert (1994) M. benardi appears incorrectly in Mimestoloides Breuning, 1974 .</p><p>Notwithstanding, Mimestoloides Breuning, 1980 is a junior homonym of Mimestoloides Breuning, 1974 . Thus, Antillestoloides is chosen as a replacement name (nomen novum) for it [Etymology: From Antilles + Estoloides, allusive to the geographical region of the type species – Mimestoloides benardi Breuning, 1980 – masculine gender]. Antillestoloides is then kept in the synonymy of Spinestoloides .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB023E12FCD12EC811D1FB35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB023E13FCD12A49175FF969.text	0380274EFB023E13FCD12A49175FF969.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estoloides vandenberghei Santos-Silva & Wappes & Galileo 2018	<div><p>Estoloides vandenberghei sp. nov. (Figs 64–67)</p><p>Description. Male. Integument mostly dark brown, almost black; mouthparts dark reddish brown except yellowish brown palpi; antennomeres V–X dark reddish brown on base (this area gradually wider toward X); tarsi brown, gradually lighter toward tarsomere V except claws brown.</p><p>Head. Frons moderately finely, abundantly punctate; with yellowish brown pubescence nearly obscuring integument, interspersed with long, erect brown and yellowish brown setae laterally, and moderately short, erect and curved setae centrally, more abundant along median groove near clypeus. Vertex with sculpture and pubescence as on frons (punctures sparser, absent centrally), interspersed with long, erect pale yellow setae. Area behind upper eye lobes with yellowish brown pubescence nearly obscuring integument, lighter on narrow band close to eye. Area behind lower eye lobes tumid close to eye, with transverse band with dense, minute punctures close to tumid area, with slightly coarser but sparser punctures toward prothorax; with pale yellow pubescence on tumid area, remaining surface glabrous; with some long, erect yellowish white setae on tumid area. Antennal tubercles minutely, densely punctate; with yellowish brown pubescence not obscuring integument, interspersed with long, erect pale yellow setae. Median groove distinct from clypeus to prothoracic margin. Genae finely, transversely striate (less so toward dorsal side) except smooth area close to apex; with pale yellow pubescence close to eye, more yellowish brown and sparser toward glabrous apex. Gulamentum smooth, glabrous toward prothorax; area close to mentum finely transversely striate-punctate, with yellowish white pubescence not obscuring integument, with some long, erect pale yellow setae interspersed; transversely striate, glabrous close to pubescent area. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.55 times length of scape (0.40 times width of one lobe); in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.85 times length of scape. Antennae 1.9 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at about distal quarter of antennomere VII (missing antennomere XI of left antenna and antennomeres VIII–XI of right antenna); scape and pedicel with long, erect yellowish white setae throughout; antennomeres III–VII with long, erect yellowish white setae ventrally, gradually shorter, sparser toward VII; base of antennomeres III–X with yellowish white ring of pubescence (gradually wider toward X); antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.65; pedicel = 0.13; IV = 1.03; V = 0.80; VI = 0.74; VII = 0.72; VIII = 0.65; IX = 0.64; X = 0.57.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax, maximum width, 1.25 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercles small, placed slightly before middle, with apex acute. Pronotum with five low gibbosities, one elongate, wide, from basal transverse sulcus to distal margin (distinctly narrowed from at about middle to distal margin), one large, subcircular at each side of distal half, two less distinct, subcircular at each side of basal half; coarsely, moderately sparsely punctate (denser laterally between base and lateral tubercles), except on smooth central and laterodistal gibbosities; with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, with long, erect yellowish white setae interspersed. Sides of prothorax striate on base, coarsely, moderately sparsely punctate on wide central area, nearly smooth on wide, oblique area from procoxal cavity to distal margin; with yellowish brown pubescence, not obscuring integument, on sculptured area, yellowish white, sparser on nearly smooth area; with long, erect, sparse yellowish white setae except on nearly smooth area. Prosternum finely, sparsely punctate; with yellowish white pubescence not obscuring integument, interspersed with long, erect, yellowish white setae. Prosternal process slightly coarsely, sparsely punctate on base, widely sulcate, slightly rugose on remaining surface; with yellowish white pubescence not obscuring integument, with slightly long yellowish setae interspersed (more abundant near apex). Mesoventrite and metaventrite with yellowish white pubescence not obscuring integument, with long, erect yellowish white setae interspersed on metaventrite. Mesanepisternum, mesepimeron and metanepisternum with pale yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument. Scutellum with dense yellowish white pubescence except nearly glabrous longitudinal central area. Elytra. Coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate, denser on basal half laterally; with dense yellowish brown pubescence obscuring integument, irregular areas with darker pubescence interspersed, not obscuring integument (especially on wide central region); with long erect, sparse yellowish white setae throughout; apex rounded. Legs. Femora with yellowish white pubescence not obscuring integument, with long, erect, sparse yellowish white setae interspersed.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites with yellowish white pubescence not obscuring integument, slightly denser and bristly laterally, with long, erect yellowish white setae interspersed, more abundant laterally. Apex of ventrite V truncate.</p><p>Dimensions (mm). Total length, 11.15; prothoracic length, 2.10; basal prothoracic width, 2.10; distal prothoracic width, 1.94; maximum prothoracic width (between apices of lateral tubercles), 2.63; humeral width, 3.15; elytral length, 7.78.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male from NICARAGUA, Nueva Segovia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-86.166664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.966666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -86.166664/lat 13.966666)">Cerro Jesus</a> (13º58’N / 86º10’W; 1,300 m), 14.V.2016, E. van den Berghe col. (FSCA).</p><p>Etymology. Named for Eric van den Berghe, who continues to find new cerambycidae species at Cerro Jesus, including this one.</p><p>Remarks. Estoloides vandenberghei sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus by the pattern of the elytral pubescence. The general appearance resembles that of some species of Ischnolea Thomson, 1861, but differs notably by the absence of a furrow on ventral surface of metafemora (present in males of Ischnolea).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB023E13FCD12A49175FF969	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB033E10FCD129F81125F82C.text	0380274EFB033E10FCD129F81125F82C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estoloides maesi Santos-Silva & Wappes & Galileo 2018	<div><p>Estoloides maesi sp. nov. (Figs 68–71)</p><p>Description. Female. Integument black except anteclypeus and apex of palpomeres dark reddish brown. Pubescence yellowish brown.</p><p>Head. Frons moderately coarsely and sparsely punctate, slightly denser laterally, with area between these punctures minutely, densely punctate; pubescence distinctly exposing integument, interspersed with long, erect pale yellow setae. Vertex with sculpture, pubescence and erect setae as on frons (punctures slightly coarser between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes). Area behind upper eye lobes finely, sparsely punctate; pubescence partially obscuring integument, with long, erect, sparse setae interspersed close to eye. Area behind lower eye lobes tumid, gradually coarsely, sparsely punctate toward ventral side; remaining surface minutely, moderately abundantly punctate; tumid with pubescence partially obscuring integument, with long erect, sparse setae interspersed, and remaining surface glabrous. Antennal tubercles minutely, abundantly punctate, with fine, sparse punctures interspersed, absent close to apex; pubescence distinctly exposing integument, with long, erect setae interspersed. Median groove distinct only from about middle of frons to prothoracic margin. Genae moderately coarsely, sparsely punctate, transversely striate centrally; pubescence exposing integument, with long, erect seta interspersed. Gulamentum smooth and glabrous except finely transversely striate in area close to mentum, with pubescence not obscuring integument. Labrum convex, finely, sparsely punctate; with erect setae laterally, and fringe of short setae at distal margin. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.61 times length of scape (3.27 times width of one lobe); in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes equal to length of scape. Antennae 1.38 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at distal third of antennomere XI. Scape strongly, moderately abruptly widened internally close to base; minutely densely punctate, with moderately coarse, sparse punctures interspersed, distinctly less so on distal fifth; pubescence not obscuring integument, with long, erect setae interspersed throughout (especially ventrally). Antennomeres III–IV with sparse pubescence interspersed with long, erect setae, distinctly longer and more abundant ventrally; remaining antennomeres with pubescence more abundant, exposing integument, with long, erect setae interspersed ventrally, gradually shorter, sparser toward XI. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.69; pedicel = 0.17; IV = 0.94; V = 0.49; VI = 0.47; VII = 0.43; VIII = 0.40; IX = 0.35; X = 0.29; XI = 0.29.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax, maximum width 1.35 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercles large, placed slightly before middle, with apex acute. Pronotum with five low, slightly distinct gibbosities, one elongate, wide on basal half, narrowed toward distal margin, two on each side, subfused; moderately coarsely and sparsely punctate except smooth central gibbosity; pubescence exposing integument, slightly denser laterally, with long, erect setae interspersed. Sides of prothorax striate on base, moderately coarsely, sparsely punctate on wide central area, nearly smooth on wide, oblique area from procoxal cavity to distal margin (punctures slightly finer than on pronotum); pubescence not obscuring integument, with long, erect setae interspersed. Prosternum minutely, densely striate, with fine, sparse punctures interspersed; pubescence exposing integument, with long, erect, sparse setae interspersed. Prosternal process rugose; with long, erect, sparse setae and pubescence more distinct close to apex. Mesoventrite nearly glabrous centrally, pubescent laterally. Mesoventral process almost vertical close to mesoventrite. Mesanepisternum, mesepimeron and metanepisternum with pubescence abundant, but not obscuring integument. Metaventrite finely, sparsely punctate laterally; pubescence not obscuring integument, denser laterally, with moderately long, suberect, sparse setae interspersed. Elytra. Coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate, gradually finer toward apex; pubescence abundant, but not obscuring integument, with long, erect setae interspersed; apices individually rounded. Legs. Femora with pubescence exposing integument, with long, erect, sparse setae interspersed.</p><p>Abdomen. Pubescence abundant, but not obscuring integument, denser and with long, erect setae interspersed laterally. Ventrite V flat dorsally; apex truncate, slightly emarginate centrally.</p><p>Dimensions (mm). Total length, 11.38; prothoracic length, 2.18; basal prothoracic width, 2.25; distal prothoracic width, 1.86; maximum prothoracic width (between apices of lateral tubercles), 2.94; humeral width, 3.60; elytral length, 8.05.</p><p>Type material. Holotype female from NICARAGUA, Jinotega: Kilambé (1200 m), 22–25.V.2011, E. van den Berghe col. (FSCA).</p><p>Etymology. Named to honor and recognize Dr. Jean-Michel Maes, Leon, Nicaragua, for his many years of studying and publishing on the insects of Nicaragua. Also, very special thanks to Jean-Michel for assisting visiting researchers (second author is among them) with the documents needed to collect and export specimens from the country.</p><p>Remarks. Estoloides maesi sp. nov. differs from other species of the genus by the strongly, internally swollen scape, near its’ base (slightly and gradually widened in other species) and by the mesoventral process almost vertical close to the mesoventrite, similar to Estola species (gradually inclined in the other species). It cannot be placed in Estola however, because the head is not retractile.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB033E10FCD129F81125F82C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB013E16FCD12F8316EFFDE6.text	0380274EFB013E16FCD12F8316EFFDE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estoloides nayeliae Santos-Silva & Wappes & Galileo 2018	<div><p>Estoloides nayeliae sp. nov. (Figs 72–75)</p><p>Description. Female. Integument dark brown, almost black; base of gulamentum dark reddish brown; basal half of antennomeres III–XI dark reddish brown, lighter from V.</p><p>Head. Frons and vertex finely, moderately sparsely punctate, widely, longitudinally depressed from clypeus to prothoracic margin centrally; with yellowish brown pubescence obscuring integument, with suberect, curved white setae interspersed, except narrow yellowish white band lining inner side of eyes, carina-shaped along upper eye lobes; with long, erect, brown setae close to lower eye lobes. Area behind upper eye lobes with yellowish brown pubescence obscuring integument. Area behind lower eye lobes tumid, microsculptured close to eye, finely, confluently punctate on band close to tumid area, nearly smooth toward prothorax; tumid area with dense, yellowish brown band close to eyes, wide band with yellowish brown pubescence adjacent to tumid area, and wide, glabrous band between them (on right side the pubescent bands are connected by another pubescent band near gena; left side entirely glabrous from base of lobe to apex of gena); with long, erect yellowish brown setae on tumid area. Antennal tubercles with yellowish brown pubescence obscuring integument, with a few erect brown setae interspersed. Median groove distinct from clypeus to prothoracic margin. Genae very finely transversely striate close to eye, microsculptured toward smooth apex; with yellowish brown pubescent band close to eye and toward ventral side, with a few, erect brown setae toward ventral side. Gulamentum smooth and glabrous, except area close to mentum with yellowish brown pubescence obscuring integument, with a few long, erect yellowish brown seta interspersed. Labrum convex, finely, sparsely punctate; with long, erect yellowish brown setae laterally, and fringe of yellowish brown setae at distal margin. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.6 times length of scape (2.6 times width of one lobe); in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 1.07 times length of scape. Antennae 1.7 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at distal third of antennomere VIII. Scape gradually enlarged from base; with yellowish brown pubescence obscuring integument, and sparse, yellowish setae interspersed ventrally. Antennomeres III–XI with white pubescence partially obscuring integument on basal area with light integument, yellowish brown on remaining surface; antennomeres III–X with long, erect yellowish white setae ventrally, gradually shorter and sparser toward X. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.65; pedicel = 0.15; IV = 0.95; V = 0.72; VI = 0.68; VII = 0.60; VIII = 0.52; IX = 0.48; X = 0.40; XI = 0.34.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax, maximum width 1.6 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercles large, placed slightly before middle, with apex acute. Pronotum with three large, well-marked gibbosities, one centrally, subelliptical, from apex of basal sixth to after middle, one on each side of distal half, subcircular; moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate, smooth on gibbosities; with wide, central white pubescent band, from base to apex, distinctly widened on area of central gibbosity, carina-shaped from apex of central gibbosity to distal margin; remaining surface with yellowish brown pubescence obscuring integument, less so on large basal area each side of white pubescence; with long, erect, sparse pale yellow setae laterally. Sides of prothorax with yellowish brown pubescence obscuring integument, with long, erect, sparse pale yellow setae interspersed. Prosternum with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, less so centrally. Prosternal process centrally sulcate; with bristly, yellowish brown pubescence, partially obscuring integument. Ventral side of meso- and metathorax with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument (more yellowish white on wide central area of metaventrite), except mesoventrite base nearly smooth centrally. Scutellum with yellowish brown pubescence obscuring integument close to margins, nearly smooth centrally. Elytra. Moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate on basal quarter, gradually finer and sparser toward apex; with oblique, wide, white pubescent band obscuring integument, from area near humerus to near middle of suture (gradually indistinct toward epipleura), distinctly narrower to apex along suture; remaining surface with yellowish brown pubescence obscuring integument; with short, somewhat thick, suberect black setae throughout; apices slightly rounded (nearly truncate). Legs. Femora with yellowish brown pubescence nearly obscuring integument, with small, subcircular glabrous areas interspersed, especially on meso- and metafemora.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, yellower on narrow band at apex of ventrites I–IV. Distal third of ventrite V centrally depressed; distal margin concave.</p><p>Dimensions (mm). Total length, 12.87; prothoracic length, 2.30; basal prothoracic width, 2.65; distal prothoracic width, 2.52; maximum prothoracic width (between apices of lateral tubercles), 3.69; humeral width, 4.27; elytral length, 8.82.</p><p>Type material. Holotype female from MEXICO, Puebla: 12 km NW Tehuitzingo (1220 m), 04.VII.1992, C. L. Bellamy col. (FSCA).</p><p>Etymology. Named for Nayeli Gutiérrez, currently a graduate student at UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico who, after completing her graduate degrees, plans to study New World Cerambycidae professionally. Nayeli was also very helpful in providing needed information, requested by the authors, for this paper.</p><p>Remarks. Estoloides nayeliae sp. nov. resembles E. flavoscutellaris Galileo et al., 2016, by its wide body and prothoracic shape, but differs as follows: pronotum and elytra marked with white pubescent bands; scutellum nearly glabrous centrally; the antennomeres with a notably wide, white pubescent basal ring, covering more than basal half, and ventral side of body lacking glabrous circular spots. In E. flavoscutellaris the pronotum and elytra lack white pubescent bands, the scutellum is densely pubescent throughout, basal ring of antennomeres with white pubescence restricted to base, and ventral side of body with small, abundant, circular glabrous spots.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB013E16FCD12F8316EFFDE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB063E17FCD12D7810E7FA15.text	0380274EFB063E17FCD12D7810E7FA15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estoloides noguerai Santos-Silva & Wappes & Galileo 2018	<div><p>Estoloides noguerai sp. nov. (Figs 76–82, 124)</p><p>Description. Male. Integument mostly dark brown, almost black especially on head; apex of palpomeres reddish brown.</p><p>Head. Frons and vertex coarsely, abundantly punctate; with abundant yellowish brown pubescence not obscuring punctures (except area close to prothorax with sparser pale yellowish brown pubescence), with moderately long, suberect yellow setae interspersed, and a few long, erect yellow setae close to lower eye lobes. Area behind upper eye lobes with yellowish brown pubescence obscuring integument close to eye, paler on remaining surface; with a few long, erect, yellow setae close to eye. Area behind lower eye lobes, close to eye, tumid, with a few coarse punctures toward ventral side, finely, moderately abundantly punctate on remaining surface; tumid area with narrow, yellowish brown pubescent band close to eye, paler on remaining surface, and glabrous on finely punctate area; with long, erect yellow setae close to eye. Antennal tubercles abundantly micropunctate; with pubescence as on frons, with a few long, erect yellow setae interspersed. Median groove distinct from clypeus to prothoracic margin. Genae finely, transversely striate, with a few moderately fine punctures interspersed, except distal third moderately sparsely micropunctate; with pale yellowish brown pubescence not obscuring integument (yellower close to eye), with long, erect yellowish brown setae interspersed. Gulamentum smooth and glabrous, except area close to mentum somewhat micropunctate, with pale yellowish brown pubescence not obscuring integument. Labrum moderately finely punctate throughout; with yellowish brown pubescence not obscuring integument, with long, erect yellowish brown setae interspersed, and fringe of short golden setae at distal margin. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.65 times length of scape (3.10 times width of one lobe); in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.95 times length of scape. Antennae 2.15 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at distal third of antennomere VII. Scape gradually widened at inner side; abundantly micropunctate; with pale yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, more yellowish white ventrally; with a few long erect yellowish brown setae dorsally, and near apex ventrally. Antennomeres III– XI with pale yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument; base of antennomeres V–XI with yellowish white pubescent ring; antennomeres III–X with long, erect yellowish brown setae ventrally, gradually shorter and sparser toward X. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.73; pedicel = 0.11; IV = 1.17; V = 0.81; VI = 0.75; VII = 0.70; VIII = 0.64; IX = 0.62; X = 0.55; XI = 0.64.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax, maximum width 1.4 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercles large, placed at middle, with apex acute. Pronotum with 3 slightly marked gibbosities, one elongate placed centrally on basal half, one subcircular on each side just after middle; coarsely, abundantly punctate; with dense pale yellowish brown pubescence not obscuring punctures, with moderately short, erect pale yellow setae interspersed. Sides of prothorax striate on base, coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate on wide central area, nearly smooth on wide, oblique area from procoxal cavity to distal margin; with pale yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument. Prosternum coarsely, sparsely punctate centrally close to base of prosternal process, subsmooth on remaining surface; with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument. Prosternal process widely depressed centrally, densely micropunctate interspersed with coarse punctures on basal half (general appearance somewhat rugose); with bristly pale yellow pubescence not obscuring integument. Ventral side of meso- and metathorax with abundant pale yellow pubescence not obscuring integument, sparser on center of mesoventrite (especially toward base); metaventrite impunctate laterally. Scutellum with dense yellow pubescence. Elytra. Coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate throughout; with abundant pale yellowish brown pubescence not obscuring punctures, with moderately long, abundant, erect pale yellow setae interspersed; apices individually rounded. Legs. Femora with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, with a few, long, erect setae interspersed.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites moderately finely punctate laterally (punctures finer on ventrite I); with pale yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument (yellower on narrow distal area), not obscuring punctures. Apex of ventrite V truncate, slightly emarginate centrally.</p><p>Female. Primarily differs from male by the wider body, shorter antennae (1.6 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex near apex of antennomere IX), and central area of abdominal ventrite V depressed distally.</p><p>Variation. Dorsal pubescence of head slightly contrasting to that on remaining dorsal surface of body; area behind lower eye lobes closer to prothorax finely, sparsely punctate; head with median groove indistinct toward prothoracic margin; labrum nearly smooth on basal third; antennae in male reaching elytral apex from distal third of antennomere VII to at apex of antennomere VIII. See remarks.</p><p>Dimensions (mm), holotype male/ paratype males/ paratype females. Total length, 12.60/9.67–11.70/12.42– 13.77; prothoracic length, 2.65/2.16–2.70/2.65–2.76; basal prothoracic width, 2.83/2.16–2.88/2.85–3.06; distal prothoracic width, 2.52/1.93–2.60/2.54–2.79; maximum prothoracic width (between apices of lateral tubercles), 3.82/2.79–3.51/3.60–3.78; humeral width, 3.82/3.10–3.91/4.05–4.27; elytral length, 8.55/6.61–7.96/8.82–8.91.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male from MEXICO, Yucatán: Chichén Itzá Area, 13.X.1982, J. E. Wappes col. (FSCA). Paratypes – MEXICO, 2 males, same data as holotype (ACMT). Chiapas: 6 km W Escárcega Exp. Sta., 1 male, 17.X.1988, J. E. Wappes col. (UNAM). Quintana Roo: 15–18 km N Tulum, 2 males, 1 female, 11– 12.X.1982, J. E. Wappes col. (ACMT); Cancun, 1 male, 1 female, 19.XII.1988, Giesbert col. (FSCA); 13 km W Puerto Morelos, 1 male, 27.XII.1988, Giesbert col. (FSCA); 11 km W Puerto Morelos, 2 males, 2 females, 23.XII.1988, Giesbert col. (1 male, 1 female, MZSP; 1 male, 1 female, FSCA). NICARAGUA, Granada: Las Plazuelas, 1 male, 1 female, 23–26.VI.2011, E. van den Berghe col. (EAPZ). Masaya: Masaya, 1 male, IV.1995, R. Cordero col. (RFMC).</p><p>Etymology. Named for Felipe A. Noguera, IBUNAM in recognition of his many contributions to our knowledge of the Cerambycidae of Mexico.</p><p>Remarks. Estoloides noguerai sp. nov. belongs to the group of species included by Breuning (1940, 1974a) in Estoloides (Parestoloides): E. basigranulata Breuning, 1943, E. costaricensis Breuning, 1940, E. esthlogenoides Breuning, 1943, and E. parva Breuning, 1943 . The new species differs from the first three listed by the dense pubescence on dorsal surface obscuring integument, except for the punctures, while in these species (Figs 1–2) the dorsal pubescence is notably less dense. It differs from E. parva, by antennomere III distinctly longer than scape (slightly longer in E. parva).</p><p>The paratypes from Nicaragua do not have the abdominal ventrites with glabrous area surrounding the punctures. However, as we did not find other consistent characters, we believe that these are only variations, also found in other species of the genus, as in E. perforata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB063E17FCD12D7810E7FA15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB073E15FCD12923100CFCE4.text	0380274EFB073E15FCD12923100CFCE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estoloides schusteri Santos-Silva & Wappes & Galileo 2018	<div><p>Estoloides schusteri sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 83–86)</p><p>Description. Male. Integument entirely dark brown, almost black.</p><p>Head. Frons and vertex coarsely, abundantly punctate, distinctly sparser close to prothoracic margin; with yellowish brown pubescence (most setae more yellowish white toward its apex), sparser toward clypeus and sides of frons, more yellowish white toward prothoracic margin and close to lower eye lobes, not obscuring integument, with moderately long, suberect yellow setae interspersed throughout, a few long, erect brown setae close to lower eye lobes, and a few long, erect yellow setae close to upper eye lobes. Area behind upper eye lobes impunctate; with yellowish white pubescence partially obscuring integument, whiter on narrow band close to eye. Area behind lower eye lobes, close to eye, tumid; finely punctate on tumid area close to upper eye lobe, gradually coarser toward gena; area between tumid region and prothoracic margin finely, abundantly punctate (punctures becoming absent toward gena); tumid area with narrow, yellowish white pubescent band close to eye, slightly more yellowish brown on remaining surface, with sparse, long, erect yellow setae interspersed close to eye; remaining surface glabrous. Antennal tubercles minutely, densely punctate; with sparse yellowish brown pubescence, with a few long, erect yellow setae interspersed. Median groove slightly distinct from clypeus to prothoracic margin. Genae finely, transversely striate on basal half, minutely punctate on distal half except on smooth area close to apex, and a single moderately coarse puncture centrally; with moderately dense yellowish white pubescence close to eye, sparser toward apex, with a few long, erect yellow setae interspersed ventrally. Gulamentum smooth and glabrous except area close to mentum somewhat micropunctate and with narrow transverse carina centrally (area between carina and mentum interspersed with coarser, shallow punctures), and sparse yellowish white pubescence, with long, erect, sparse yellow setae interspersed. Labrum convex on basal 2/3, inclined on distal third; minutely, abundantly punctate throughout, with slightly coarser punctures interspersed on area close to inclined region; with short and long, erect, sparse yellowish white setae dorsally, and fringed with golden setae at distal margin. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.68 times length of scape (3.1 times width of one lobe); in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 1.05 times length of scape. Antennae 2.2 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at middle of antennomere VII. Scape gradually widened internally; densely, minutely punctate, with some coarser punctures interspersed dorsally; with yellowish brown pubescence, not obscuring integument, whiter on narrow distal band; with long, erect yellow setae on distal third ventrally. Antennomeres III–XI with yellowish brown pubescence not obscuring integument, except basal ring with white pubescence; antennomeres III–XI with long, erect yellow setae ventrally, gradually shorter and sparser toward XI. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.55; pedicel = 0.14; IV = 1.05; V = 0.71; VI = 0.68; VII = 0.64; VIII = 0.57; IX = 0.55; X = 0.50; XI = 0.59.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax, maximum width 1.3 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercles large, placed at middle, with apex acute. Pronotum with three low, slightly marked gibbosities, one elongate placed centrally on basal half, one subcircular on each side just after middle; coarsely, abundantly punctate except on smooth gibbosities; pubescence yellowish white interspersed with yellowish brown pubescence, partially obscuring integument laterally and on basal half, with short, erect and suberect yellow setae interspersed. Sides of prothorax nearly smooth basally, coarsely, abundantly punctate on wide central area, nearly smooth on wide, oblique area from procoxal cavity to distal margin; pubescence and setae as on pronotum, but distinctly exposing punctures. Prosternum coarsely, sparsely punctate; with yellowish white pubescence not obscuring integument, sparser toward central area. Prosternal process widely depressed centrally, somewhat rugose; with yellowish white pubescence not obscuring integument, with long, erect yellowish white setae interspersed. Mesoventrite smooth, glabrous centrally, finely punctate, with yellowish white pubescence laterally. Mesanepisternum and mesepimeron with pale yellowish brown pubescence, except small glabrous areas exposing shallow punctures. Metanepisternum and sides of metaventrite with pale yellowish brown pubescence, except glabrous areas surrounding punctures, with long, erect yellowish white setae interspersed; central area of metaventrite nearly smooth and glabrous. Scutellum with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument. Elytra. Coarsely, abundantly punctate, more densely on base; pubescence pale yellowish brown with numerous, irregular spots with grayish white pubescence interspersed, forming irregular bands; with moderately long, erect yellow setae throughout; apices individually rounded. Legs. Femora with pale yellowish white pubescence partially obscuring integument, with abundant, small, subcircular glabrous areas interspersed.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites with yellowish white pubescence not obscuring integument, pubescence denser laterally and interspersed with abundant, small, subcircular glabrous areas. Distal margin of ventrite V concave centrally.</p><p>Female. It differs from male by the wider body, shorter antennae (1.4 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at apex of antennomere X), and distal area of abdominal ventrite V depressed.</p><p>Dimensions (mm), holotype male/ paratype males/ paratype females. Total length, 11.47/9.18–11.52/9.81– 13.90; prothoracic length, 2.25/1.71–2.11/1.73–2.43; basal prothoracic width, 2.30/1.84–2.29/1.93–2.72; distal prothoracic width, 2.12/1.62–2.07/1.67–2.36; maximum prothoracic width (between apices of lateral tubercles), 2.80/2.20–2.97/2.56–3.46; humeral width, 3.37/2.61–3.37/2.97–4.32; elytral length, 8.05/6.61–8.01/6.97–10.21.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male from GUATEMALA, El Progreso: 21 km N Estancia de la Virgen (6000’), 03.VI.1991, J. E. Wappes col. (FSCA) . Paratypes – GUATEMALA, Baja Verapaz: vic. Biotopo del Quetzal (5200’), 2 females, 25.V–1.VI.1989, Giesbert col. (FSCA) ; 2 males, 1 female, 6–13.V.1991, Giesbert col. (FSCA); 1 male, 1 female, 1–15.VI.1991, Giesbert col. (MZSP). El Progreso: 22 km N Estancia de la Virgen (6000’), 8 males, 1 female, 3.VI.1991, Giesbert col. (7 males, 1 female, FSCA; 1 male, MZSP) ; Finca las Ilusiones (1900 m), 1 male, 29.V.1997, Giesbert col. (FSCA) . Zacapa: vic. San Lorenzo (5800’), 1 female, 10–15.VI.1991, Giesbert col. (FSCA) ; 22 km E Estancia Virgen (6000’), 2 males, 2 females, 3.VI.1991, Giesbert col. (1 male, 1 female, FSCA, 1 male, 1 female, ACMT) ; Sierra de Los Minas (El Naranjo; S slope below San Lorenzo Mine; 15.07329 / - 89.68481; 1600–1700 m), 2 females, 21–24.V.2010, P. Skelley col. (FSCA) .</p><p>Etymology. Named in recognition of Jack Schuster, expert on Passalidae, and Professor at Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala who so kindly assists visiting researchers with needed permits to collect and export their research specimens.</p><p>Remarks. Estoloides schusteri sp. nov. is similar to E. leucosticta (Bates, 1885), but differs primarily by the white pubescent spots on the elytra being more abundant and forming irregular bands. In E. leucosticta (Fig. 87) the white pubescent spots on the elytra are isolated, and somewhat aligned in rows. Furthermore, the dorsal punctures are finer and denser in E. schusteri than E. leucosticta and its’ antennae longer.</p><p>According to Breuning (1974a) on E. leucosticta (Fig. 87) (translated): “elytra sprinkled with rows of numerous very small white spots, on each elytron forming 8 longitudinal series.” As Bates (1885) did not record anything about the number of lines formed by the white spots, we can infer that Breuning examined at least one specimen of this species. As Breuning (1974a) also gave the dimensions of the specimen: length, 11 mm; width, 3.75 mm (Bates 1885 gave only the length: 5 ½ lin. [11.64 mm]), it is plausible that the specimen examined by Breuning (1974) was the holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB073E15FCD12923100CFCE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB053E0AFCD12C731182FA14.text	0380274EFB053E0AFCD12C731182FA14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estoloides chiapensis Santos-Silva & Wappes & Galileo 2018	<div><p>Estoloides chiapensis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 88–92)</p><p>Description. Male. Integument mostly dark brown; apex of palpomeres yellowish brown; elytra dark reddish brown with black areas (dark areas slightly obscured by pubescence, typically forming irregular bands).</p><p>Head. Frons and area between antennal tubercles moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate; remaining surface of vertex with sparser punctures, especially close to prothoracic margin; dorsal surface with yellowish brown pubescence obscuring integument, but exposing punctures, interspersed with short, curved yellow setae throughout, and a few long, erect brown setae close to lower eye lobes and yellow close to upper eye lobes. Area behind upper eye lobes impunctate; with yellowish brown pubescence obscuring integument. Area behind lower eye lobes, close to eye, tumid; moderately coarsely, sparsely punctate on tumid area toward gena, minutely, moderately sparsely punctate on remaining surface, sparser toward gena; tumid area with yellowish brown pubescence, close to eye, obscuring integument (this area widened toward gena), interspersed with long, erect, sparse yellow and yellowish brown setae; with longitudinal band with yellowish brown pubescence adjacent to tumid area, sparser than on area close to eye (this band fused with pubescence behind upper eye lobes); remaining surface glabrous. Antennal tubercles densely micropunctate; pubescence as on frons with a few long, erect yellowish brown setae interspersed. Median groove distinct from clypeus to prothoracic margin. Genae finely, abundantly transversely striate on basal 2/3, with a few coarse punctures interspersed, micropunctate on distal third; with yellowish brown pubescence not obscuring integument, slightly lighter close to eyes, with a few long, erect brown setae interspersed. Gulamentum smooth, shining, glabrous except narrow distal area moderately coarsely, transversely sulcate, with sparse yellowish brown pubescence. Labrum convex on basal 2/3, inclined on distal third; minutely abundantly punctate (punctures slightly coarser adjacent to inclined area); with short and long, spare yellowish brown setae, fringe of golden setae at distal margin, and a few long, thick dark setae laterally on convex area. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.65 times length of scape (4.3 times width of one lobe); in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes equal to length of scape. Antennae 2.00 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at distal third of antennomere VII. Scape gradually widened at inner side; densely micropunctate; with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, with long, erect setae interspersed ventrally on distal third. Antennomeres IV–XI with yellowish brown pubescence except narrow basal ring with white pubescence (slightly so also at apex of IV–X); antennomeres III–XI with long, erect setae ventrally, gradually shorter and sparser toward XI. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.76; pedicel = 0.16; IV = 1.08; V = 0.85; VI = 0.80; VII = 0.75; VIII = 0.65; IX = 0.62; X = 0.51; XI = 0.50.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax, maximum width 1.3 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercles large, placed at middle, with apex acute. Pronotum with distinct, elongate gibbosity centrally on basal half; coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate, denser on each side of smooth gibbosity; with yellowish brown pubescence nearly obscuring integument, but exposing punctures, with a few long, erect setae interspersed on basal third. Sides of prothorax coarsely, moderately sparsely punctate on wide central area, impunctate on base and on wide, oblique area from procoxal cavity to distal margin; with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument. Prosternum finely, sparsely punctate on narrow area close to procoxal cavities and prosternal process, smooth on remaining surface; with yellowish brown pubescence not obscuring integument. Prosternal process slightly depressed on wide central area, coarsely, somewhat rugose-punctate; with yellowish brown pubescence not obscuring integument, bristly toward apex. Mesoventrite with yellowish brown pubescence exposing integument centrally, distinctly denser laterally. Mesanepisternum, mesepimeron, metanepisternum and metaventrite (except nearly glabrous central area) with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument. Scutellum with dense yellow pubescence, except nearly glabrous central area on base. Elytra. Moderately coarsely and abundantly punctate on basal quarter, sparser on remaining surface (punctures subaligned except on basal quarter); with yellowish brown pubescence obscuring integument, with short, moderately abundant, erect yellow setae interspersed; elytral apices individually rounded. Legs. Femora with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument (more yellowish on narrow distal area of ventrites I–IV), except for small glabrous, circular areas (more distinct on ventrites II–V). Distal margin of ventrite V truncate.</p><p>Female. Differs from male by the shorter antennae (1.55 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex near apex of antennomere IX).</p><p>Variation. Distance between upper eye lobes in male from 0.65 to 0.70 times length of scape; antennae in male reaching elytral apex at middle of antennomere VIII, in female, at about middle of X.</p><p>Dimensions (mm), holotype male/ paratype male/ paratypes female. Total length, 11.16/9.22/11.61–11.88; prothoracic length, 2.16/1.80/2.20–2.25; basal prothoracic width 2.22/1.80/2.34–2.43; distal prothoracic width, 1.84/1.65/2.11–2.16; maximum prothoracic width (between apices of lateral tubercles), 2.83/2.29/2.97–3.06; humeral width, 3.28/2.61/3.46–3.47; elytral length, 7.60/6.34/7.87–8.28.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male from MEXICO, Chiapas: 17 km W. Tutl. Gtz. (3300’), 1–8.VII.1986, Wappes col. (FSCA) . Paratypes – MEXICO, Chiapas: 1 male, 2 females, same data as holotype (1 male, 1 female, ACMT, 1 female MZSP)); El Aguacero (16 km N Ocozocoautla), 1 female, 16–23.X.1988, Giesbert col. (FSCA) . Guerrero: 10.5 km N Iguala, 1 female, 12.X.1994, Giesbert col. (FSCA) .</p><p>Etymology. Named for Chiapas, the Mexican State where the holotype and three of the paratypes were collected.</p><p>Remarks. Estoloides chiapensis (Figs 88, 92) is similar to E. noguerai sp. nov., but has a more slender body and scape (which is more gradually widened internally toward apex), and finer, sparser and less conspicuous elytral punctation. E. noguerai (Figs 77, 81), has a wider body and scape (which is more distinctly widened internally), and denser, more conspicuous elytral punctation. It differs from E. chamelae (Figs 21, 22) by the slender body, and punctation on dorsal surface of body less obliterated by pubescence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB053E0AFCD12C731182FA14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB1A3E0BFCD1292311F5F911.text	0380274EFB1A3E0BFCD1292311F5F911.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estoloides pubescens Santos-Silva & Wappes & Galileo 2018	<div><p>Estoloides pubescens sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 93–97)</p><p>Description. Female. Integument mostly dark brown, almost black; mouthparts dark reddish brown except apex of palpomeres yellowish brown. Pubescence pale yellow, more yellowish white on antennomeres III–XI.</p><p>Head. Frons and vertex moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate, slightly sparser toward prothoracic margin, densely micropunctate between coarser punctures; with pubescence nearly obscuring integument, with short, suberect, moderately abundant yellow setae interspersed and a few long, erect yellow setae close to eyes (more reddish close to lower eye lobes). Area behind upper eye lobes with pubescence obscuring integument, with a few long, erect yellow setae interspersed close to eye. Area behind lower eye lobes slightly tumid close to eye, somewhat finely rugose-punctate toward prothorax on area close to upper eye lobes, gradually less so toward gena; with pubescence obscuring integument on tumid area, abundant, nearly obscuring integument on small area adjacent to tumid area, glabrous on remaining surface; with a few long, erect yellow setae close to eye. Antennal tubercles densely micropunctate, with pubescence nearly obscuring integument, with a few long, erect yellow setae interspersed. Median groove nearly indistinct throughout. Genae finely, transversely striate on basal half, especially toward ventral side, micropunctate on remaining surface; with pubescence not obscuring integument, slightly denser close to eye and toward ventral side, almost absent toward apex, especially toward dorsal side; with a few long, erect yellow setae toward ventral side. Gulamentum smooth, shining, glabrous except distal area finely, moderately sparsely punctate, pubescence not obscuring integument, with a few long, erect reddish brown setae interspersed. Labrum convex on basal third, gradually inclined on remaining surface; finely, abundantly punctate, more so on inclined area; with long, erect, sparse yellow setae and dense fringe with golden setae covering distal region. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.54 times length of scape (2.55 times width of one lobe); in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.93 times length of scape. Antennae 1.85 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at distal third of antennomere VIII. Scape gradually widened internally; densely micropunctate; pubescence partially obscuring integument, with a few long, erect yellow setae interspersed dorsally, sparse but more abundantly on distal half ventrally. Antennomeres with long, erect yellowish white setae ventrally, gradually shorter and sparser toward XI. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.75; pedicel = 0.12; IV = 1.04; V = 0.77; VI = 0.73; VII = 0.68; VIII = 0.62; IX = 0.56; X = 0.54; XI = 0.50.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax, maximum width 1.4 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercles large, placed at middle, with apex acute. Pronotum with three slightly elevated gibbosities, one elongate on center of basal half, one circular on each side of distal half; coarsely abundantly punctate except on smooth basal gibbosity; pubescence partially obscuring integument, denser on basal half of central gibbosity, with sparse, long, erect yellow setae interspersed. Sides of prothorax coarsely, moderately sparsely punctate on wide central area, impunctate on base and oblique area from procoxal cavity to distal margin; pubescence partially obscuring integument, with sparse, long, erect yellow setae interspersed centrally near lateral tubercle. Prosternum with a few, moderately fine punctures centrally close to prosternal process; pubescence not obscuring integument. Prosternal process slightly longitudinally sulcate; pubescence partially obscuring integument, bristly toward apex. Ventral side of meso- and metathorax with pubescence partially obscuring integument, except nearly smooth central area of meso- and metaventrite. Mesoventral process slightly wider than central area of prosternal process, distinctly narrower than central projection of metaventrite. Metanepisternum and sides of metaventrite finely, sparsely punctate. Scutellum with dense yellowish white pubescence except centrobasal area nearly glabrous. Elytra. Coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate (punctures subaligned except on basal quarter); pubescence nearly obscuring integument, with short, erect brown setae interspersed; elytral apex slightly obliquely truncate. Legs. Femora with pubescence nearly obscuring integument, except scattered, small, glabrous subcircular areas.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites with pubescence not obscuring integument, slightly denser laterally, interspersed with small, glabrous, subcircular areas (less so on center of ventrites I–IV). Ventrite V depressed centrally at distal quarter; apex truncate, slightly emarginate centrally.</p><p>Dimensions (mm). Total length, 11.79; prothoracic length, 2.25; basal prothoracic width 2.47; distal prothoracic width, 2.34; maximum prothoracic width (between apices of lateral tubercles), 3.15; humeral width, 3.78; elytral length, 8.37.</p><p>Type material. Holotype female from MEXICO, Morelos: 6 km W Yautepec, 17–18.X.1984, E. Giesbert col. (FSCA).</p><p>Etymology. Named for the evenly distributed, fine velvety looking dorsal pubescence of the new species.</p><p>Remarks. Estoloides pubescens sp. nov. is similar to E. andresi but differs by the mesoventral process (Fig. 94) slightly wider than central area of prosternal process, distinctly narrower than central projection of metaventrite. In E. andresi, the mesoventral process (Fig. 98) is about 1.5 times wider than central area of prosternal process, and nearly as wide as central projection of metaventrite.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB1A3E0BFCD1292311F5F911	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB1B3E09FCD1283216ADFC39.text	0380274EFB1B3E09FCD1283216ADFC39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estoloides dthomasi Santos-Silva & Wappes & Galileo 2018	<div><p>Estoloides dthomasi sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 109–114)</p><p>Description. Male. Integument mostly dark brown; ventral and lateral sides of head, mouth parts (except yellowish brown apex of last maxillary and labial palpomeres) and mandibles black; antennae dark reddish brown, darkened toward distal antennomeres; legs mostly dark reddish brown.</p><p>Head. Frons moderately finely, abundantly punctate; with testaceous pubescence partially obscuring integument, slightly longer pale yellow pubescence close to lower eye lobes; with long, erect, abundant yellowish brown setae. Vertex with sculpture as on frons, gradually finer, sparser toward prothorax and area behind upper eye lobes; pubescence most pale yellow between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes, especially close to eyes, testaceous on remaining surface; erect setae as on frons. Area behind upper eye lobes finely, sparsely punctate close to vertex, smooth toward lower eye lobes; with pale yellow pubescence obscuring integument (denser than on vertex). Area behind lower eye lobes tumid, finely, sparsely punctate close to eye, smooth on remaining surface; area close to eye with narrow yellow pubescent band; remaining surface of tumid area with pale yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument; remaining surface glabrous; tumid area with long, erect, moderately sparse translucent setae. Antennal tubercles with sculpture, pubescence and erect setae as on center of frons. Median groove distinct from clypeus to area between upper eye lobes, almost inconspicuous toward prothorax. Genae finely, moderately abundantly punctate, except smooth narrow area close to apex; with pale yellow pubescence nearly obscuring integument, except glabrous smooth area; with long, erect, moderately abundant yellowish setae. Gulamentum smooth, glabrous except transverse band with testaceous pubescence near mentum, with long, erect light yellowish brown setae interspersed. Labrum convex on basal third, inclined on distal 2/3; finely, moderately abundantly punctate close to anteclypeus, coarsely punctate close to inclined area, then finely, abundantly punctate toward smooth apex; with long, translucent, moderately abundant setae directed forward; apex with fringe of dense yellow setae. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.50 times length of scape (2.50 times width of on lobe); in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 1.05 times length of scape. Antennae 1.9 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at base of antennomere VIII. Scape gradually widened toward distal forth, then slightly narrowed toward apex; finely, abundantly punctate; with testaceous pubescence partially obscuring integument, but exposing part of punctures; with long, erect, abundant testaceous setae dorsally, sparser ventrally. Pedicel and antennomere III with pubescence as on scape; with short, suberect, abundant yellowish brown setae ventrally, with long, erect abundant setae ventrally; antennomere IV with pubescence, setae and sculpture as on antennomere III, except distal quarter nearly smooth and without suberect setae dorsally. Antennomeres V–X with testaceous pubescence, denser on basal area; ventrally with long, erect, abundant yellowish brown setae (gradually shorter and sparser toward X). Antennomere XI with testaceous pubescence, denser on basal and distal area; ventrally with short, erect, sparse yellowish brown setae. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.63; pedicel = 0.14; IV = 1.02; V = 0.63; VI = 0.64; VII = 0.61; VIII = 0.54; IX = 0.48; X = 0.43; XI = 0.43.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax, maximum width 1.4 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercles large, placed at middle, with apex acute. Pronotum with five gibbosities, one elongate at center on basal half, one slightly elevated, subcircular, placed on each side of basal half, one moderately elongate on each side of distal half, gradually inclined laterally toward side, abruptly inclined inwardly; coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate around gibbosities (punctures more distinct centrally where highlighted by pubescence); with testaceous pubescence obscuring integument, less so on wide longitudinal band on each side of central gibbosity and moderately narrow band on each side of distal half (this latter less conspicuous); with short and long, erect, sparse yellowish setae. Sides of prothorax coarsely, moderately sparsely punctate; with testaceous pubescence nearly obscuring integument, interspersed with long, erect yellowish setae. Prosternum finely, sparsely punctate; with testaceous pubescence nearly obscuring integument, with long, erect yellowish setae interspersed. Prosternal process wide (centrally about as wide as base of profemora), slightly concave, centrally slightly carinate on distal area; with testaceous pubescence nearly obscuring integument; with long, erect, abundant yellowish setae on distal area. Mesoventrite with distinct, oblique carina on each side (continuation of lateral margins of mesoventral process); with testaceous pubescence nearly obscuring integument, except centro-basal area with sparser pubescence. Mesanepisternum finely, sparsely punctate; with testaceous pubescence obscuring integument, but exposing punctures. Mesepimeron and metanepisternum with testaceous pubescence nearly obscuring integument. Mesoventral process longitudinally slightly concave; with testaceous pubescence nearly obscuring integument. Metaventrite moderately coarsely, sparsely punctate; with testaceous pubescence partially obscuring integument, but exposing punctures; with long, erect, moderately sparse yellowish setae. Scutellum with dense yellow pubescence. Elytra. Slightly depressed, rugose-punctate on triangular circum-scutellar area on basal quarter; remaining surface finely, moderately abundantly punctate (punctures finer toward apex); with testaceous pubescence, irregularly denser on some areas, interspersed with dense, irregular yellow pubescence, except on depressed triangular area with sparser, pubescence, gradually grayish toward suture, and narrow band with grayish pubescence along distal 3/4 of suture (less distinct toward apex); with long, erect, moderately abundant yellow setae. Legs. Femora shallowly, sparsely, coarsely punctate; with testaceous pubescence partially obscuring integument, but distinctly exposing integument.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites shallowly, moderately sparsely, coarsely punctate; with testaceous pubescence partially obscuring integument (pubescence yellower on some areas), with long, erect yellowish setae interspersed. Ventrite V nearly flat; apex truncate, slightly and widely emarginate centrally.</p><p>Female. It differs from male by the shorter antennae (1.45 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at apex of antennomere X), and abdominal ventrite V distinctly convex, with slight, transverse depression close to distal margin.</p><p>Dimensions (mm) (holotype male/ paratype females). Total length, 17.32/15.30–17.32; prothoracic length, 3.42/2.97–3.37; basal prothoracic width 3.87/3.42–3.96; distal prothoracic width, 3.37/3.19–3.60; maximum prothoracic width (between apices of lateral tubercles), 4.72/4.14–4.77; humeral width, 5.58/5.04–5.94; elytral length, 12.06/11.02–12.69.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male (FSCA), 2 paratype females (ACMT, MZSP) from MEXICO, Chiapas: 17 km W Tuxtla Gutiérrez, 21–25.VI.1987, J. E. Wappes col.</p><p>Etymology. Named to recognize and thank Donald B. Thomas for his published work on Eleodes Eschscholtz, 1829 (Tenebrionidae) and New World Pentatomidae, willing reviews of many of the author’s papers, hosting the collector of the new species types on several trips to Chiapas and for his friendship of many years.</p><p>Remarks. E. dthomasi is similar to E. bellefontainei Touroult, 2012 (Figs 115–117), but differs as follows: general pubescence paler; elytra with grayish pubescent band along suture. In E. bellefontainei the general pubescence is more yellowish brown, and elytra without grayish pubescent band along suture. According to Julien Touroult (personal communication), these differences are constant in the specimens of E. bellefontainei, not only in the holotype and paratypes, but also in other specimens collected after the original description.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB1B3E09FCD1283216ADFC39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB193E0EFCD12B1A1160F94D.text	0380274EFB193E0EFCD12B1A1160F94D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estoloides morrisi Santos-Silva & Wappes & Galileo 2018	<div><p>Estoloides morrisi sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 118–123)</p><p>Description. Male (Figs 118–122). Integument dark brown, almost black on some areas.</p><p>Head. Frons and vertex coarsely, abundantly punctate; with light ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument; on frons, with short, suberect, moderately abundant pale yellow setae throughout, and a few long, erect brownish setae close to lower eye lobes; on vertex, with long, erect pale yellow setae, especially laterally. With fringe of short, dense pale ochraceous pubescence surrounding eyes. Area behind upper eye lobes coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate on area close to eyes, distinctly finer toward prothorax; with ochraceous pubescence, denser close to fringe surrounding eye, slightly sparser toward prothorax. Area behind lower eye lobes finely, moderately sparsely punctate close to eyes, transverse band with minute, dense punctures centrally, finely, sparsely punctate toward prothorax, especially toward ventral side; with ochraceous pubescence close to eyes, slightly denser close to fringe surrounding eye, glabrous toward prothorax (this latter area widened toward ventral side of head); with long, erect, sparse pale yellow setae close to eye. Antennal tubercles finely, densely punctate, less so toward upper eye lobe; pubescence as on frons, with a few long pale yellow setae interspersed. Median groove distinct on vertex, only indicated on frons. Genae very finely, abundantly punctate except nearly smooth area close to apex; with ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument, except glabrous, narrow distal area; with a few long, erect pale yellow setae. Gulamentum smooth and glabrous except on depressed area close to mentum with ochraceous pubescence interspersed with a few long, erect, brownish setae. Labrum finely, moderately abundantly punctate, coarser close to base of inclined area; with ochraceous pubescence distinctly exposing integument on basal half, with short and long, erect pale yellow setae on distal half (longer laterally). Distance between upper eye lobes 0.42 times length of scape (2.37 times width of one lobe); in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.84 times length of scape. Antennae 2.6 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex near apex of antennomere VII. Scape gradually widened toward apex, without strong curvature on basal third of inner side; densely, minutely punctate; with ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument, with long, erect pale yellow setae interspersed (longer and more abundant ventrally). Antennomeres III–XI with long, erect pale yellow setae, gradually sparser, shorter toward XI; antennomeres IV–XI with grayish white pubescent basal ring, and remaining surface with light ochraceous pubescence, sparser on distal area. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.61; pedicel = 0.11; IV = 1.01; V = 0.83; VI = 0.81; VII = 0.75; VIII = 0.68; IX = 0.67; X = 0.60; XI = 0.75.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax, maximum width 1.4 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercles large, placed at middle, with apex acute. Pronotum with 3 low, slightly distinct gibbosities, one more distinct, subelliptical, placed centrally (its apex slightly surpassing middle of pronotum), two oblique, less distinct, placed on each side of central gibbosity; coarsely, abundantly punctate except smooth central gibbosity; with ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument, with sparse, short and long pale yellow setae interspersed. Sides of prothorax coarsely, moderately abundant punctate on wide central area, nearly smooth basally and distally; with ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument. Prosternum coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate close to procoxal cavities, very finely, obliquely striate, less so centrally, except on nearly smooth distal area; with ochraceous pubescence not obscuring integument. Prosternal process longitudinally, widely, slightly sulcate centrally; basal area coarsely, moderately sparsely punctate, finer, denser toward distal area; with ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument (somewhat bristly). Ventral side of meso- and metathorax with light ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument, slightly sparser toward center of metaventrite, forming small, subcircular, nearly glabrous areas laterally on metaventrite. Scutellum with dense, yellow pubescence except central area with sparser pubescence. Elytra. Coarsely, abundantly punctate throughout; with light ochraceous pubescence irregularly denser on some areas, but distinctly exposing punctures, with short, moderately abundant, suberect brownish setae interspersed; apices individually rounded. Legs. Femora with light ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument, except glabrous, small areas exposing shallow punctures.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites with light ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument, except glabrous, small areas exposing shallow punctures, and distal area of ventrites I–IV with fringe of yellower pubescence; ventrites I– IV with sparse, long, erect pale yellow setae; ventrite V with long, erect, pale yellow setae moderately abundant on distal half; apex of ventrite V truncate.</p><p>Female (Fig. 123). Differs from male by the wider body, shorter antennae (1.6 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex near middle of antennomere IX), and central area of abdominal ventrite V depressed distally, with its distal margin centrally emarginate.</p><p>Dimensions (mm), holotype male/ paratype males/ paratype females. Total length, 14.17/10.03–13.63/ 10.30–15.57; prothoracic length, 2.65/1.84–2.56/1.71–2.70; basal prothoracic width, 2.97/2.02–2.83/2.02–3.19; distal prothoracic width, 2.65/1.95–2.56/1.93–2.92; maximum prothoracic width (between apices of lateral tubercles), 3.73/2.63–3.64/2.61–4.27; humeral width, 4.45/3.19–4.32/3.10–5.04; elytral length, 9.94/7.04–9.76/ 7.56–11.47.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male from MEXICO, Nayarit: Volcan Ceborunco (4–12 km W Jala), 27.IX.1991, Morris, Wappes, Giesbert col. (FSCA) . Paratypes – 1 male, 2 females, same data as holotype (RFMC) . Nayarit: 5– 10 km W Jala (4000–5000’), 12 males, 4 females, 27.IX–6.X.1991, Giesbert col. (10 males, 2 females, FSCA; 1 male, 1 female, MZSP, 1 male, 1 female ACMT)) . Jalisco: 2 km W Atenquique (4200’), 1 male, 22.VII.1995, J. Rifkind col. (FSCA) .</p><p>Etymology. Named for Roy F. Morris II, outstanding cerambycid collector, and collector of the holotype and several paratypes of this new species.</p><p>Remarks. Estoloides morrisi sp. nov. is similar to E. noguerai, but differs as follows: distance between upper eye lobes (Fig. 122) smaller (in male about 2.35 times width of one lobe; in female 2.60 times width of one lobe); antennae in male longer (2.6 times elytral length); scape uniformly and gradually widened toward apex at inner side (Fig. 122). In E. noguerai, the distance between upper eye lobes (Fig. 124) is larger (in male about 3.10 times width of one lobe; in female about 3.7 times width of one lobe); antennae in male shorter (about 2.2 times elytral length); scape more strongly widened after basal third (Fig. 124).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB193E0EFCD12B1A1160F94D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB1E3E0CFCD129F810B2FEB1.text	0380274EFB1E3E0CFCD129F810B2FEB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estoloides giesberti Santos-Silva & Wappes & Galileo 2018	<div><p>Estoloides giesberti sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 135–139)</p><p>Description. Female (136–139). Integument mostly black; scape, pedicel and antennomere III dark brown; antennomeres IV–X reddish brown with basal ring slightly lighter; antennomere XI reddish brown with basal and distal ring slightly lighter; femora dark brown; tibiae dark brown with dark reddish brown areas; tarsi reddish brown.</p><p>Head. Frons and vertex coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate; with grayish yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument, but distinctly exposing punctures, with short, suberect, yellowish setae interspersed, and long, erect yellowish setae close to eyes. Area behind upper eye lobes impunctate, with grayish yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument. Area behind upper eye lobes, finely, sparsely punctate on tumid area close to eye, impunctate on remaining surface; with ashy, sericeous pubescence on tumid area, with long, erect yellowish setae interspersed, glabrous on remaining surface. Antennal tubercles impunctate; with grayish yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument, interspersed with a few long, erect yellowish setae. Median groove distinct from clypeus to prothoracic margin. Genae transversely striate near eye, with a few fine punctures toward apex; with ashy, sericeous pubescence with a few long, erect yellowish setae interspersed toward ventral side. Gulamentum smooth and glabrous except on elevated anterior area with ashy, sericeous pubescence with a few long, erect yellowish setae interspersed. Labrum finely, moderately abundantly punctate; with long, erect, sparse yellowish and brownish setae, more abundant laterally. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.65 times length of scape (2.67 times width of one lobe); in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.95 times length of scape. Antennae 1.55 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at middle of antennomere X. Scape gradually widened toward middle, without strong curvature on basal third internally; with yellowish pubescence dorsally, not obscuring integument, with ashy, sericeous pubescence ventrally; with long, erect, sparse yellowish setae dorsally and ventrally. Antennomeres with yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument, except basal ring with grayish yellow pubescence; ventral side of antennomeres III–IX with long, erect yellowish setae, gradually shorter and sparser toward IX. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.77; pedicel = 0.16; IV = 0.98; V = 0.71; VI = 0.62; VII = 0.58; VIII = 0.50; IX = 0.46; X = 0.39; XI = 0.44.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax, maximum width 1.4 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercles large, placed at middle, with apex subacute. Pronotum with 3 low, slightly distinct gibbosities, one barely distinct, subelliptical, placed centrally on basal half, one subcircular placed on each side of distal half; coarsely, abundantly punctate, except on smooth central gibbosity and part of subcircular gibbosities; with grayish yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument, but distinctly exposing punctures, ashy laterally; with long, erect, sparse yellowish setae laterally. Sides of prothorax coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate on wide area close to pronotum (punctures finer than on pronotum), impunctate toward ventral side; with ashy, sericeous pubescence not obscuring integument. Ventral side of thorax with ashy, sericeous pubescence not obscuring integument; prosternum moderately finely punctate close to procoxal cavities, smooth on remaining surface; prosternal process longitudinally, widely sulcate centrally; coarsely rugose-punctate; mesoventral process finely, sparsely punctate. Scutellum with dense pale yellow pubescence. Elytra. Coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate throughout (punctures finer than on pronotum); with grayish yellow pubescence obscuring integument, but distinctly exposing punctures, interspersed with short, suberect, moderately abundant brownish setae; apices individually rounded. Legs. Femora with ashy, sericeous pubescence. Tibiae finely, moderately sparsely punctate; with ashy, sericeous pubescence distinctly exposing punctures, with long, erect yellow setae interspersed.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites finely, shallowly punctate laterally; with ashy, sericeous pubescence distinctly exposing punctures, with long, erect, yellowish setae interspersed, especially laterally, more brownish on ventrite V; distal area of ventrite V depressed; apex of ventrite V truncate.</p><p>Male (Fig. 135). Antennae longer (2.05 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at base of antennomere IX); distal area of abdominal ventrite V not depressed; apex of ventrite V truncate.</p><p>Variation. Antennomeres dark brown, slightly, gradually lighter toward XI; basal light ring distinct only after antennomere VIII; femora almost black; tibiae entirely dark brown; tarsomeres I–II dark brown; tarsomere III dark reddish brown; tarsomere V reddish brown except dark brown distal area.</p><p>Dimensions (mm), holotype female/ paratype males. Total length, 13.23/12.28–12.42; prothoracic length, 2.70/2.58–2.61; basal prothoracic width, 3.10/2.74–2.76; distal prothoracic width, 2.70/2.34–2.45; maximum prothoracic width (between apices of lateral tubercles), 3.73/3.42–3.62; humeral width, 4.32/3.87–4.05; elytral length, 8.18/8.05–8.61.</p><p>Type material. Holotype female from HONDURAS, Islas de la Bahia: Isla Roatán, 26–30.V.1978, Giesbert col. (FSCA). Paratypes – 2 males, same data as holotype (1male FSCA, 1 male MZSP).</p><p>Etymology. Named for Edmund F. Giesbert, in recognition of his many contributions to our knowledge of New World Cerambycidae, and to his pioneering spirit, that led him to many adventurous places in the search of another new species.</p><p>Remarks. Estoloides giesberti sp. nov. is similar to E. rufipes Breuning (Figs 141–143), but differs as follows: elytra slightly shorter (about 3 times pronotal length in male, about 3.5 times in female); dorsal pubescence grayish yellow; femora from dark brown to black; elytral setae shorter (Fig. 139). In E. rufipes, the elytra are longer (about 3.5 times pronotal length in male, about 3.8 in female), dorsal pubescence ashy, femora from reddish to dark reddish, and elytral setae are longer (Fig. 143).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB1E3E0CFCD129F810B2FEB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB1C3E0DFCD12E9213C8FDE6.text	0380274EFB1C3E0DFCD12E9213C8FDE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estoloides uyucana Santos-Silva & Wappes & Galileo 2018	<div><p>Estoloides uyucana sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 144–147)</p><p>Description. Male. Integument mostly dark brown, almost black especially on head and prothorax; antennae brown; elytra black interspersed with irregular reddish brown areas, more abundant after basal quarter.</p><p>Head. Frons and vertex moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate (punctures slightly, gradually coarser toward vertex); with ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument, pale yellow close to eyes; frons with moderately short and abundant, suberect yellowish and brownish setae, and sparse, long, erect brownish setae close to eyes; vertex with moderately short and sparse, suberect brownish setae centrally, and a few long, erect yellowish setae laterally. Area behind upper eye lobes with fringe of pale yellow pubescence close to eye, ochraceous, not obscuring integument toward prothorax. Area behind lower eyes lobes with fringe of pale yellow pubescence close to eye, light ochraceous, not obscuring integument on remaining tumid area, nearly glabrous toward prothorax; with a few long, erect yellowish setae close to eye. Antennal tubercles abundantly micropunctate; with ochraceous pubescence not obscuring integument, with a few long, erect yellowish setae interspersed. Median groove distinct from clypeus to prothoracic margin (less so close to clypeus). Genae finely, transversely striate; with pale yellow fringe of pubescence close to eye, light ochraceous, not obscuring integument, toward glabrous apex; with a few long, erect yellowish setae. Gulamentum smooth and glabrous except area close to mentum finely, sparsely striate, with light ochraceous pubescence, sparser centrally, with a few long, erect yellowish setae interspersed. Labrum finely, moderately abundantly punctate; with long, moderately sparse, erect yellowish setae, and golden pubescent fringe at apex. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.60 times length of scape (2.80 times width of one lobe); in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.95 times length of scape. Antennae 1.93 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at basal fifth of antennomere VIII. Scape gradually widened internally, more distinctly at basal quarter; densely, minutely punctate, with a few coarser punctures interspersed; with light ochraceous pubescence not obscuring integument, denser close to apex, with long, erect, sparse yellowish and brownish setae interspersed. Antennomeres with basal ring of yellowish white pubescence obscuring integument, light ochraceous, not obscuring integument on remaining surface; antennomere XI with distal yellowish white pubescent ring; with long, erect yellowish setae ventrally, gradually shorter, sparser toward XI (part of them brownish after VI). Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.71; pedicel = 0.12; IV = 1.18; V = 0.78; VI = 0.71; VII = 0.68; VIII = 0.62; IX = 0.62; X = 0.58; XI = 0.50.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax, maximum width 1.38 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercles large, placed at middle, with apex acute. Pronotum without distinct gibbosities; coarsely, abundantly punctate; with ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument, but distinctly exposing punctures; with a few long, erect yellowish setae interspersed, and short, suberect, sparse brownish setae. Sides of prothorax coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate basally and close to pronotum, smooth on remaining surface; with light ochraceous pubescence not obscuring integument. Prosternum moderately coarsely and sparsely punctate on basal half, especially laterally, nearly smooth on remaining surface; with light ochraceous pubescence not obscuring integument. Prosternal process widely depressed centrally, coarsely punctate; with light ochraceous bristly pubescence. Ventral side of meso- and metathorax with light ochraceous pubescence, denser laterally; sides of metaventrite coarsely, sparsely punctate. Scutellum with dense pale yellow pubescence except nearly glabrous centro-basal area. Elytra. Coarsely, abundantly punctate, slightly sparser toward apex; with ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument, but nearly glabrous on irregular areas involving punctures; with short, erect, abundant brownish setae throughout; apices rounded. Legs. Femora with light ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument, with long, erect, sparse yellowish setae interspersed.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites with light ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument except glabrous, small, moderately abundant circular areas; with long, erect, moderately sparse yellowish setae, slightly denser laterally; apex of ventrite V nearly truncate.</p><p>Dimensions (mm). Total length, 9.36; prothoracic length, 1.77; basal prothoracic width, 2.02; distal prothoracic width, 1.75; maximum prothoracic width (between apices of lateral tubercles), 2.49; humeral width, 2.88; elytral length, 6.75.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male from HONDURAS, Francisco Morazán: San Antonio do Oriente ( Uyuca; “trampa malaise; bajo bosque nebuloso”), 25.V.1990, R. Ortega col. (FSCA).</p><p>Etymology. Named after the collection locality of the holotype, which is the Uyuca Experimental Research Station, Zamorano Agricultural University, on Uyuca Mountain near Tegucigalpa, Honduras.</p><p>Remarks. Estoloides uyucana sp. nov. is similar to some specimens of E. perforata, but differs by the absence of contrasting dorsal and ventral pubescence (ashy ventrally in E. perforata). It (Fig. 145) differs from E. noguerai (Figs 77, 80) and E. morrisi (Fig. 118) by the slender body, coarser pronotal punctures, and black elytra with distinct reddish brown areas.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB1C3E0DFCD12E9213C8FDE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB1D3E02FCD12D7812D2FD01.text	0380274EFB1D3E02FCD12D7812D2FD01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spinestoloides hefferni Santos-Silva & Wappes & Galileo 2018	<div><p>Spinestoloides hefferni sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 99–102)</p><p>Description. Female. Integument mostly dark brown, almost black; mouthparts dark reddish brown, darker on palpomeres; antennomeres dark reddish brown on basal half, brown on distal half.</p><p>Head. Frons transverse, moderately coarsely and abundantly punctate; with pale yellow pubescence toward clypeus and close to lower eye lobes, gradually yellowish brown toward vertex, partially obscuring integument; with sparse, short and long, erect yellowish brown setae close to eyes, and sparse, short, erect yellowish setae centrally. Vertex coarsely, sparsely punctate (punctures slightly coarser, deeper than on frons), except smooth area close to prothorax; with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, except area close to eyes with pale yellow pubescence; with long, erect, sparse yellowish setae close to eyes. Area behind eyes impunctate, with narrow pale yellow pubescent band close to eye, yellowish brown, partially obscuring integument toward prothorax; with long, erect, sparse yellowish setae close to eye. Antennal tubercles with pale yellow pubescence, partially obscuring integument, more yellowish brown centrally; with some long, erect yellowish brown setae. Median groove slightly distinct from clypeus to prothoracic margin (less distinct between posterior margin of eyes). Genae with yellowish brown pubescence not obscuring integument, sparser on apex. Gulamentum shining, smooth, glabrous except narrow area close to mentum more opaque, with yellowish brown pubescence not obscuring integument. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.55 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes practically equal to length of scape. Antennae 1.4 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at about distal half of antennomere XI; pedicel and antennomeres III–X with long, erect golden setae ventrally, gradually shorter, sparser, more brownish toward X (present only at apex on X); light region of antennomeres IV–XI with yellowish white pubescence; antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.80; pedicel = 0.12; IV = 1.13; V = 0.80; VI = 0.73; VII = 0.68; VIII = 0.64; IX = 0.64; X = 0.58; XI = 0.62.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax, maximum width 1.5 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercles large, placed at middle, apex acutely spined. Pronotum with three, slightly elevated gibbosities, one elongate, wide, placed centrally from basal quarter to after middle, one subcircular at each side of distal half; moderately coarsely and abundantly punctate, except nearly impunctate central gibbosity; with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, distinctly pale yellow on anterior and distal margins; with scattered long, erect, yellowish setae. Sides of prothorax with sculpture and pubescence as on pronotum (punctures sparser toward ventral side). Prosternum moderately coarsely and abundantly punctate laterally, sparser toward center; with yellowish brown pubescence not obscuring integument. Prosternal process with sides narrowly elevated, slightly carina-shaped between procoxae centrally; with yellowish brown pubescence not obscuring integument. Ventral side of meso- and metathorax with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument except sparser pubescence on center of meso- and metaventrite. Mesoventral process very coarsely, partially confluently punctate dorsally. Scutellum with pale yellow pubescence obscuring integument. Elytra. Moderately coarsely and abundantly punctate on basal third, gradually finer, sparser toward apex; with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, without erect setae except short, suberect setae on outer margin of distal quarter and sutural margin of distal fifth, and long, suberect setae close to distal margin; apex slightly rounded. Legs. Femora with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument. Tibiae with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, with long erect golden setae interspersed (more abundant on meso- and metatibiae).</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument; with long, erect, sparse yellowish setae (almost absent on I), more abundant on ventrite V. Ventrite V inclined on center of distal half; distal margin truncate, slightly concave centrally.</p><p>Dimensions (mm). Total length, 13.55; prothoracic length, 2.43; basal prothoracic width, 2.75; distal prothoracic width, 2.34; maximum prothoracic width (between apices of lateral tubercles), 3.65; humeral width, 4.28; elytral length, 9.85.</p><p>Type material. Holotype female from PANAMA, Chiriqui: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.39583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.81" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.39583/lat 8.81)">Boquete</a> (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.39583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.81" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.39583/lat 8.81)">Palo Alto</a>, Boquete Tree Treck, Mt. Resort, 5470 ft, 08º48’36”N / 82º23’45”W), 15.IV.2016, B.T. Raber col. (TAMU).</p><p>Etymology. Named for Daniel Heffern, Houston, Texas, an avid cerambycid collector and researcher, who provided the specimen for study.</p><p>Remarks. Spinestoloides hefferni sp. nov. differs notably from S. monticola (Fisher, 1942) by the elytral apex slightly rounded, while in Fisher’s species the outer angle is projected in a long spine. The general appearance of S. hefferni also resembles that of Estoloides prolongata (Bates, 1885) but lacks erect setae on the elytra (except those close to apex). In E. prolongata, there are moderately abundant erect setae across most all of the elytra (Figs 16– 18).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB1D3E02FCD12D7812D2FD01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB123E03FCD12C501708FA6C.text	0380274EFB123E03FCD12C501708FA6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudestoloides bingkirki Santos-Silva & Wappes & Galileo 2018	<div><p>Pseudestoloides bingkirki sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 103–108)</p><p>Description. Female. Integument black except yellowish brown distal area of palpomeres.</p><p>Head. Frons coarsely, partially confluent punctate; nearly glabrous laterally and toward clypeus, with yellowish brown pubescence centrally toward area between antennal tubercles; with a few short, erect, yellow setae close to base of antennal tubercles. Area between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes coarsely, partially confluently punctate (punctures slightly coarser than on frons); with yellowish brown pubescence along median groove (this area narrowed toward upper eye lobes and fused with that along median groove on remaining surface of vertex) and near to upper eye lobes (this pubescence following toward area behind eyes and joins that on sides of vertex); area adjacent to upper eye lobes with narrow pale yellow pubescent band; area between yellowish brown pubescent bands on vertex nearly glabrous; with long, erect, pale yellow setae throughout. Area behind upper eye lobes coarsely punctate toward vertex, densely micropunctate toward lower eye lobes; with narrow pale yellow pubescent band adjacent to eye, gradually yellowish brown toward lower eye lobes; remaining surface with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument. Area behind lower eye lobes tumid and with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument close to eye, glabrous on remaining surface, densely micropunctate on band close to tumid area, smooth toward prothorax; with long, erect, sparse pale yellow setae on tumid area. Antennal tubercles coarsely punctate on frontal base, distinctly finer and sparser on remaining surface; with yellowish brown pubescence on some areas of base, nearly glabrous toward apex. Dorsal surface of head entirely densely micropunctate between coarse punctures (more distinctly on frons). Median groove distinct from clypeus to prothoracic margin. Genae moderately coarsely, sparsely punctate on central area, nearly smooth on remaining surface; with yellowish brown pubescence exposing integument, glabrous toward apex on dorsal area. Gulamentum smooth, glabrous on wide area close to prothorax, with transverse, wide, smooth, moderately elevated carina at base of submentum, and another wide, moderately elevated, punctate area close to mentum; submentum with sparse yellowish brown pubescence, with long, erect, dark setae interspersed laterally. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.75 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 1.15 times length of scape. Antennae 1.5 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at middle of antennomere X. Scape subclavate, slightly depressed dorsally on basal half; moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate on dorsal depressed area (punctures coarser toward base), finely, sparsely punctate on remaining surface; with pale yellowish brown pubescence exposing integument, with long, erect yellow setae interspersed throughout. Antennomeres III–IV with yellowish brown pubescence not obscuring integument; remaining antennomeres with yellowish white pubescence partially obscuring integument except for basal white pubescent ring; antennomeres III–XI with long, erect yellow setae ventrally, gradually shorter and sparser toward XI. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.64; pedicel = 0.10; IV = 0.79; V = 0.51; VI = 0.47; VII = 0.45; VIII = 0.39; IX = 0.37; X = 0.33; XI = 0.32.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax, maximum width 1.55 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercles large, long, with apex acute and pointed downward. Pronotum with longitudinal, slightly elevated central gibbosity; coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate except smooth central gibbosity and narrow distal area; with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument on some areas, sparse or nearly smooth on others (possibly rubbed or worn away), with short, sparse, erect yellow setae interspersed. Sides of prothorax nearly smooth on base and wide, oblique area from procoxal cavity to distal margin; remaining surface coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate; with yellowish brown pubescence, on some areas, slightly obscuring integument. Prosternum finely, moderately sparsely punctate on basal third, finely, transversely striate on central third, nearly smooth on distal third; with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument on basal third (less so centrally), sparsely pubescent on remaining surface. Prosternal process tumid centrally (more distinctly toward apex); with short, moderately sparse bristly pale yellow setae. Mesoventrite with yellowish white pubescence exposing integument centrally, slightly denser laterally. Mesanepisternum and mesepimeron with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument. Mesoventral process strongly tuberculate (tubercle deeply notched posteriorly), almost vertical toward mesoventrite. Metanepisternum and sides of metaventrite with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument; wide central triangular area of metaventrite nearly glabrous, except for short, sparse erect setae. Scutellum smooth, glabrous. Elytra. Coarsely, moderately sparsely punctate (especially toward apex); slightly longitudinally carinate on distal 2/3 near suture; with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument on some areas, sparse or nearly glabrous on others (possibly rubbed or worn away); with minute, sparse yellow setae emerging from some punctures; apices together rounded. Legs. Femora with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument on some areas (especially dorsally).</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, except wide central area on ventrites I–IV, interspersed with long, erect, sparse yellow setae; sides of ventrites finely, sparsely punctate, coarser and slightly more abundant toward V. Ventrite V depressed on center of distal quarter; apex truncate, centrally emarginate.</p><p>Dimensions (mm). Total length, 18.20; prothoracic length, 3.15; basal prothoracic width, 3.96; distal prothoracic width, 3.37; maximum prothoracic width (between apices of lateral tubercles), 4.95; humeral width, 5.70; elytral length, 12.80.</p><p>Type material. Holotype female from NICARAGUA, Nueva Segovia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-86.166664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.966666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -86.166664/lat 13.966666)">Cerro Jesus</a> (13º58’N / 86º10’W; 1,300 m), 14.V.2016, E. van den Berghe col. (FSCA).</p><p>Etymology. Named for Bing Kirk, hospitable owner of the coffee plantation (Cerro Jesus) where this new species was collected by Eric van den Berghe.</p><p>Remarks. Pseudestoloides bingkirki sp. nov. differs from the other species in the genus by the mesoventral process with a notably elevated tubercle which is deeply notched posteriorly (Fig. 105). In other Pseudestoloides species, the mesoventral process tubercle is only slightly elevated and not notched posteriorly (Fig 46).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB123E03FCD12C501708FA6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB133E01FCD12921173BFF25.text	0380274EFB133E01FCD12921173BFF25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estoloides prolongata (Bates 1885)	<div><p>Estoloides prolongata (Bates, 1885)</p><p>(Figs 16–18, 125–129)</p><p>Estola prolongata Bates, 1885: 356; Aurivillius, 1922: 320 (cat.).</p><p>Estoloides (Estoloides) prolongata; Breuning, 1940: 75; Blackwelder, 1946: 601 (checklist); Breuning, 1963: 506 (cat.); 1974: 54; Chemsak et al., 1992: 119 (checklist); Monné, 1994b: 40 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 220 (checklist); Monné, 2005: 404 (cat.); 2017: 354 (cat.).</p><p>Description. Female (Figs 125–128). Integument mostly dark brown, almost black; antennomere III dark brown dorsally and laterally, dark reddish brown ventrally except dark brown distal area; antennomere IV dark reddish brown on basal 2/3, dark brown on distal third; antennomeres V–XI reddish brown basally, dark brown on remaining surface; mouth parts dark reddish brown except palpomeres dark brown distally.</p><p>Head. Frons and vertex moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate except impunctate area between posterior edge of eyes and prothorax; with ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument (punctures distinctly exposed), with long, erect, moderately abundant yellowish setae interspersed, longer, darker close to lower eye lobes (erect setae absent on area close to prothorax). Area behind eyes impunctate; with ochraceous pubescence obscuring integument behind upper eye lobes, and close to lower eye lobes; remaining surface behind lower eye lobes glabrous; with a few long, erect yellowish setae behind upper eye lobes, and both short and long, erect yellowish setae behind lower eye lobes. Antennal tubercles with punctures as on frons basally, smooth toward apex; with ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument, with a few long, erect brownish setae interspersed. Median groove distinct from middle of frons to prothoracic margin. Genae with ochraceous pubescence not obscuring integument, except smooth distal area, with a few long, erect yellowish setae interspersed. Gulamentum smooth, glabrous except on depressed area close to mentum with ochraceous pubescence not obscuring integument, with long, erect yellowish and brownish setae interspersed. Labrum moderately coarsely, sparsely punctate on distal region of coplanar area with anteclypeus; with ochraceous pubescence not obscuring integument, with long, erect yellow setae interspersed, mostly on distal inclined area. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.47 times length of scape (1.6 times width of one lobe); in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.92 times length of scape. Antennae 1.44 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at basal quarter of antennomere XI. Scape distinctly widened internally from base to about middle; with ochraceous pubescence not obscuring integument, with long, erect yellow setae interspersed ventrally on distal half; antennomeres III–IV with ochraceous pubescence interspersed with grayish white setae on basal 2/3; antennomeres V–X with grayish white pubescence on basal light area, ochraceous on remaining surface; pedicel and antennomeres III–XI with long, erect setae ventrally, yellowish on antennomere III and most of IV, brownish on remaining antennomeres, sparser toward XI. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.91; pedicel = 0.19; IV = 1.28; V = 0.95; VI = 0.87; VII = 0.82; VIII = 0.76; IX = 0.76; X = 0.70; XI = 0.74.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax, maximum width 1.4 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercles large, placed at middle, with apex acute. Pronotum with 3 slightly distinct gibbosities, one more distinct, subelliptical, placed centrally on basal half, one subcircular, placed on each side of distal half; coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate except smooth central gibbosity; with ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument, with moderately long, erect yellowish and brownish setae interspersed. Sides of prothorax coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate centrally close to pronotum, sparsely, shallowly punctate toward prosternum, smooth basally and distally; with ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument, especially centrally. Prosternum moderately finely, sparsely punctate on basal half, nearly smooth on distal half; with yellowish white pubescence not obscuring integument, with long, erect yellowish setae interspersed. Prosternal process longitudinally, widely sulcate centrally; rugose-punctate; with yellowish white pubescence, distinctly bristly toward apex. Ventral side of meso- and metathorax with yellowish white pubescence not obscuring integument, sparser on central area of mesoventrite. Scutellum with ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument. Elytra. Coarsely, abundantly punctate on basal third, gradually finer, sparser toward apex; with ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument, with long, erect setae interspersed, browner on its base, gradually yellowish toward apex; apices slightly obliquely truncate. Legs. Femora with light ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites with yellowish white pubescence not obscuring integument, with long, erect yellowish setae interspersed; distal area of ventrite V depressed; apex of ventrite V truncate.</p><p>Male (Figs 16–18, 129). It differs from the female by having longer antennae (1.6 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at middle of antennomere IX).</p><p>Dimensions (mm), female. Total length, 9.67–8.59; prothoracic length, 1.67–1.57; basal prothoracic width, 1.82–1.67; distal prothoracic width, 1.67–1.50; maximum prothoracic width (between apices of lateral tubercles), 2.34–2.07; humeral width, 2.83–2.56; elytral length, 6.84–6.03.</p><p>Material examined. COSTA RICA, Puntarenas: Monteverde (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.816666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.316667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.816666/lat 10.316667)">Campbell’s Woods</a>; 10º19’N / 84º49’W), 2 females, 29.V.1992, S. Lingafelter col. (SWLC, MZSP) . PANAMA, Chiriqui: Volcan Baru, 1 male, 11.VII.1981, B. K. Dozier col. (FSCA) .</p><p>Remarks. Estoloides prolongata is similar to E. parva Breuning, 1940, by the antennomere III slightly longer than scape in female, but differs as follows: pronotal punctures fine (Fig. 125); elytra 4 times prothoracic length; elytral punctures fine and more abundant (Fig. 125). In E. parva (Figs 130, 132), the pronotal punctures are coarse, elytra slightly longer than 3 times prothoracic length, elytral punctures coarse and sparse. The male examined (Fig.</p><p>129) has the prothorax narrower than the syntype male. However, there is no other character allowing separation of these two specimens, collected in the same locality. We are adding Costa Rica as a new country record.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB133E01FCD12921173BFF25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB113E06FCD12E331675FC1D.text	0380274EFB113E06FCD12E331675FC1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estoloides parva (Bates 1885)	<div><p>Estoloides parva (Bates, 1885)</p><p>(Figs 130–134)</p><p>Estoloides (Parestoloides) parva Breuning, 1940: 76; Blackwelder, 1946: 601 (checklist); Breuning, 1963: 507 (cat.); 1974a: 62; Chemsak et al., 1992: 119 (checklist); Monné, 1994b: 41 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 220 (checklist); Monné, 2005: 406 (cat.); 2017: 355 (cat.).</p><p>Redescription. Female (Figs 131–134). Integument mostly dark brown; mouthparts light reddish brown; scape dark reddish brown, antennomeres III–IV reddish brown on basal 2/3, brown on distal third; antennomeres V–XI with basal ring reddish brown (this area larger ventrally), brown on remaining surface; legs mostly dark reddish brown.</p><p>Head. Frons moderately finely, sparsely punctate; with ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument; with a few long, erect brownish setae close to lower eye lobes. Area between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes with punctures slightly coarser than on frons, sparse laterally, absent centrally between upper eye lobes; with ochraceous pubescence nearly obscuring integument, but exposing punctures; with long, erect, yellowish setae close to upper eye lobes (shorter than on frons); remaining surface of vertex with a few punctures behind upper eye lobes, smooth toward prothorax; with ochraceous pubescence nearly obscuring integument. Area behind upper eye lobes with ochraceous pubescence nearly obscuring integument, gradually less so toward lower eye lobes. Area behind lower eye lobes minutely, sparsely punctate toward prothorax; with grayish yellow pubescence close to eye, glabrous on remaining surface; with long, erect yellowish setae close to eye. Antennal tubercles with pubescence as on frons, with a few long, erect brownish setae interspersed. Median groove distinct from clypeus to prothoracic margin. Genae with grayish yellow pubescence not obscuring integument, except glabrous distal area; with a few long, erect yellowish setae. Gulamentum smooth and glabrous except on narrow depressed area close to mentum with sparse grayish pubescence interspersed with a few long, erect yellowish setae. Labrum with ochraceous, sparse pubescence interspersed with long, erect ochraceous setae, especially laterally. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.7 times length of scape (2.8 times width of one lobe); in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 1.03 times length of scape. Antennae 1.46 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at middle of antennomere XI. Scape distinctly widened laterally from base to at about middle; with ochraceous pubescence not obscuring integument, and with a few long, erect, yellowish setae interspersed ventrally at distal third. Antennomeres with ochraceous pubescence not obscuring integument, paler on basal light area of antennomeres V–XI; with long erect, yellowish setae on ventral side of antennomeres III–VIII, gradually shorter, sparser toward VIII (browner depending on angle of light source). Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.91; pedicel = 0.21; IV = 1.03; V = 0.75; VI = 0.65; VII = 0.60; VIII = 0.54; IX = 0.51; X = 0.45; XI = 0.48.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax, maximum width 1.35 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercles large, placed slightly before middle, with apex acute. Pronotum with 3 slightly distinct gibbosities, one subelliptical, placed centrally on basal half, one subcircular, placed on each side of distal half; coarsely, moderately abundantly and shallowly punctate except on smooth gibbosities; with ochraceous pubescence partially obscuring integument, but distinctly exposing punctures, grayish yellow laterally; with a few long, erect yellowish setae (browner depending on angle of light source). Sides of prothorax with punctures as on pronotum on wide central area, nearly smooth basally and distally; with grayish yellow pubescence not obscuring integument. Prosternum moderately coarsely, sparsely, shallowly punctate on basal half, nearly smooth on remaining surface; with grayish yellow pubescence not obscuring integument. Ventral side of meso- and metathorax with grayish yellow pubescence not obscuring integument. Scutellum semi-circular, with pale yellow pubescence entirely obscuring integument. Elytra. Coarsely, shallowly punctate, gradually sparser toward apex; with ochraceous pubescence nearly obscuring integument, but distinctly exposing punctures, part of them surrounded by glabrous, circular area; with moderately long, erect dark setae; apices individually rounded. Legs. Femora with grayish yellow pubescence not obscuring integument.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites with grayish yellow pubescence not obscuring integument; distal area of ventrite V depressed centrally; apex of ventrite V truncate.</p><p>Male (Fig. 129). It differs from the female by having longer antennae (1.87 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at distal third of antennomere VIII).</p><p>Variation. Integument mostly black; mouthparts mostly dark brown, almost black; scape, pedicel and antennomeres III–IV dark brown; antennomeres V–XI with dark reddish brown basal ring; legs dark brown; punctures between upper eyes lobes reaching median groove; pronotal punctures from shallow to moderately deep, from notably coarse to distinctly finer; pronotal pubescence not notably exposing punctures; scutellum from semicircular to triangular, with pubescence entirely covering surface or glabrous centrally; elytral punctures not sparser toward apex.</p><p>Dimensions (mm), male/female. Total length, 6.52–7.51/6.03–6.97; prothoracic length, 1.39–1.62/1.21–1.44; basal prothoracic width, 1.39–1.57/1.23–1.57; distal prothoracic width, 1.30–1.44/1.15–1.39; maximum prothoracic width (between apices of lateral tubercles), 1.80–2.07/1.64–1.95; humeral width, 1.95–2.25/1.73–2.16; elytral length, 4.50–5.13/3.82–4.86.</p><p>Material examined. PANAMA, Bocas del Toro: 11.7 km W Punta Peña, 1 male, 20.II.1999, R. Turnbow col. (FSCA) . Colón: Palenque, 1 male, 14.II.1999, R. Turnbow col. (FSCA) ; 1 male, 17.II.1999, R. Turnbow col. (FSCA); 20 km NE Portobelo, 17.II.1999, R. Turnbow col. (MZSP) ; 2 females, 24.II.1999, Turnbow col. (FSCA; MZSP).</p><p>Remarks. Breuning (1940) briefly described Estoloides (Parestoloides) parva as follows (translated): “Close to perforata Bat., but smaller, antennomere III slightly shorter than IV, only slightly longer than scape, vertex scarcely punctate, last two tarsomeres not reddish. Length: 5.5 mm; width: 1.5 mm.” Examination of the photograph of the holotype suggests it is a male. The scutellum of the holotype is distinctly triangular, while in the couple figured here (Figs 130, 132) it is semi-circular. However, we also examined a male specimen with the scutellum as in the holotype, indicating it is a variable feature in this species. The elytral punctation is also variable in the specimens examined, being as in the holotype (Fig. 132) or denser (Fig. 130). The pronotal punctation also varies widely as it may be distinctly exposed by the pubescence (Figs 130, 132) or not.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB113E06FCD12E331675FC1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB163E06FCD12B2B1378F999.text	0380274EFB163E06FCD12B2B1378F999.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estoloides rufipes Breuning 1940	<div><p>Estoloides rufipes Breuning, 1940</p><p>(Figs 141–143)</p><p>Estoloides (Estoloides) rufipes Breuning, 1940: 75; Blackwelder, 1946: 601 (checklist); Breuning, 1963: 506 (cat.); 1974a: 59; Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 220 (checklist); Monné, 1994b: 40 (cat.); 2005: 404 (cat.); 2017: 354 (cat.).</p><p>Estoloides rufipes was described based on a single specimen from Brazil (Bahia). Breuning (1940, 1974a) did not report the sex of the holotype. However, based on examination of photographs of the holotype (Bezark 2017) the antennal length suggests it is a male. According to Breuning (1940): “Länge 10 mm. Breite 3 ¼ mm.” In Breuning (1974a) the recorded width is different: “Long.: 10 mm; larg.: 1,75 mm.” Measurements based on holotype photographs indicate that the overall length is approximately 3.1 times the width, which agrees with the original description.</p><p>The species is newly recorded from Brazilian state of Espírito Santo (new state record).</p><p>Material examined. BRAZIL, Bahia: Uruçuca, 1 male, no data and collector indicated (MZSP) . Espírito Santo: Linhares, 4 males, 3 females, XI.1972, P. C. Elias col. (MZSP) ; Conceição da Barra, 1 male, I.1973, P. C. Elias col. (MZSP) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB163E06FCD12B2B1378F999	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB163E04FCD128331327FD3D.text	0380274EFB163E04FCD128331327FD3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spinestoloides monticola (Fisher 1942)	<div><p>Spinestoloides monticola (Fisher, 1942)</p><p>(Figs 29–36)</p><p>Ataxia monticola Fisher, 1942: 25; Blackwelder, 1946: 597 (checklist); Breuning, 1961a: 224 (cat.); Monné, 1994a: 71 (cat.). Estholegena (Esthlogena) monticola; Breuning, 1961b: 36 (comb. nov.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 209 (checklist); Monné, 2005: 643 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 295 (cat.); Monné, 2017: 574 (cat.).</p><p>Esthlogena monticola; Chemsak et al., 1992: 118 (checklist).</p><p>Estoloides (Spinestoloides) spinipennis Breuning, 1954: 14; 1963: 507 (cat.); 1974a: 63; Chemsak et al., 1992: 119 (checklist); Monné, 1994b: 41 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 220 (checklist); Monné, 2005: 406 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 246 (checklist); Monné, 2017: 355 (cat.). Syn. nov.</p><p>Redescription. Male (Figs 29–32). Integument mostly dark brown; mouthparts reddish brown; antennomeres III– XI dark reddish brown; tibiae gradually dark reddish brown toward apex; tarsi mostly dark reddish brown.</p><p>Head. Frons and vertex densely micropunctate, with moderately coarse, abundant punctures interspersed, confluent along median groove near base of antennal tubercles, absent between upper eye lobes centrally, slightly sparser toward prothoracic margin; with abundant yellowish brown pubescence not obscuring coarser punctures, with long, erect setae close to lower eyes (yellowish brown close to lower eye lobes, yellow close to upper eye lobes). Area behind upper eye lobes, close to eye, moderately coarsely sparsely punctate, densely punctate toward prothorax; with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument. Area behind lower eye lobes tumid close to eye; coarsely punctate on tumid area, abundantly micropunctate adjacent to tumid area, gradually smooth toward prothorax and ventral side; with narrow, yellowish white pubescent band close to eye, pale yellowish brown on remaining tumid area, nearly glabrous toward prothorax; with long, erect yellow setae close to eye. Antennal tubercles abundantly micropunctate on frontal area, gradually sparser toward upper eye lobes; with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument. Median groove distinct from clypeus to prothoracic margin. Genae finely, transversely striate on basal half, with some coarse punctures interspersed, densely micropunctate toward apex; with narrow yellowish white pubescent band close to eye, pubescence sparse, pale yellowish brown on remaining surface; with a few, long, erect yellow setae. Gulamentum shining, smooth, glabrous on wide basal area, slightly rugose, with pale yellowish brown pubescence, close to mentum, with long, erect yellowish brown setae interspersed. Labrum convex on basal 2/3, inclined on distal third; finely, smoothly punctate on basal third, moderately coarsely punctate on remaining surface; with long, moderately sparse yellow setae directed forward and fringe of yellowish brown setae at distal margin. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.40 times length of scape (2.00 times width of one lobe); in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.85 times length of scape. Antennae 2.3 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex near apex of antennomere VI. Scape abruptly widened internally near base; moderately coarsely, sparsely punctate, especially dorsally; with pale yellowish brown pubescence dorsally, gradually yellowish white toward ventral side, except small subcircular glabrous areas; with long, erect yellowish brown setae (longer ventrally). Antennomeres with pale yellowish brown pubescence except for white pubescent basal ring (wider, less distinct on III and IV); ventral side of antennomeres III–XI with long, erect yellow setae, gradually shorter, sparser toward XI. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.48; pedicel = 0.10; IV = 0.94; V = 0.56; VI = 0.49; VII = 0.46; VIII = 0.44; IX = 0.44; X = 0.41; XI = 0.52.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax, maximum width 1.47 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercles large, placed at middle, with apex acute, directed upward. Pronotum with five slightly distinct gibbosities, one elongate centrally, placed on basal half, one subcircular on each side of distal half, one on each side of middle (subfused with lateroanterior gibbosity); coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate, except on smooth central gibbosity and center longitudinal area along distal half; with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, except sides (including lateral tubercles) with yellowish white pubescence; with long, erect, sparse yellow setae. Sides of prothorax with punctures as on pronotum, except nearly smooth basal area and wide, oblique area from procoxal cavity to distal margin; with yellowish white pubescence partially obscuring integument, with long, erect, sparse yellow setae interspersed. Prosternum moderately finely punctate close to procoxal cavities, nearly smooth on remaining surface; with white pubescence not obscuring integument. Prosternal process carinate centrally (carina widened toward apex); with white pubescence not obscuring integument. Sides of mesoventrite and mesanepisternum moderately finely, sparsely punctate; with white pubescence not obscuring integument. Metanepisternum and sides of metaventrite moderately finely, sparsely punctate; with grayish white pubescence partially obscuring integument, except glabrous area surrounding each puncture; remaining surface of metaventrite with white pubescence not obscuring integument. Scutellum with dense yellow pubescence. Elytra. Moderately finely, abundantly punctate on base, sparser, subaligned in rows toward apex; shallowly, longitudinally sulcate dorsally; with yellowish brown pubescence nearly obscuring integument, grayish white pubescent laterally; apex with long spine at outer angle, and sutural angle rounded and projected. Legs. Femora with grayish white pubescence partially obscuring integument, except small, moderately abundant, circular glabrous areas.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites with grayish white pubescence partially obscuring integument, except small, moderately abundant, circular glabrous areas laterally. Apex of ventrite V truncate (slightly concave).</p><p>Female (Figs 33–36). Differs from male by the shorter antennae (1.5 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at base of antennomere X), and center of distal third of abdominal ventrite V somewhat depressed.</p><p>Dimensions (mm) male/female. Total length, 15.25/15.97; prothoracic length, 2.92/2.79; basal prothoracic width, 3.37/3.51; distal prothoracic width, 2.92/2.97; maximum prothoracic width (between apices of lateral tubercles), 4.32/4.30; humeral width, 4.86/5.13; elytral length, 10.80/11.79.</p><p>Material examined. JAMAICA, Hardwar Gap (4000’), 1 male, 23.VII.1966, Howden &amp; Becker col. (MZSP) ; 1 female, 29.VII.1966, Howden &amp; Becker col. (MZSP).</p><p>Remarks. Fisher (1942) described Ataxia monticola (Pteropliini) from Jamaica, and Breuning (1954) described Estoloides (Spinestoloides) spinipennis (Desmiphorini), also from Jamaica. Subsequently, Breuning (1961b) transferred A. monticola to Esthlogena (Esthlogena) Thomson, 1864 (Pteropliini) . Actually, based on the original descriptions and photographs of the holotypes (see Bezark 2017), A. monticola and E. (S.) spinipennis are the same species and belong to Desmiphorini . The holotype of Ataxia monticola is a female, and although Breuning (1954, 1974a) had not remarked on the sex of E. (S.) spinipennis, the holotype is also a female (see Bezark 2017).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB163E04FCD128331327FD3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB143E05FCD12C0B12EBFB35.text	0380274EFB143E05FCD12C0B12EBFB35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spinestoloides benardi (Breuning 1980)	<div><p>Spinestoloides benardi (Breuning, 1980)</p><p>(Figs 61–63)</p><p>Mimestoloides benardi Breuning, 1980: 70; Villiers, 1980: 559; Chemsak et al., 1992: 120 (checklist); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 223 (checklist); Monné, 1994b: 38 (cat.); 2005: 420 (cat.); Chalumeau &amp; Touroult, 2005: 166; Vitali &amp; Touroult, 2005: 79 (larva); Touroult, 2007: 10 (distr.; host); Peck, 2009: 23 (distr.); 2011: 37 (distr.); Peck et al., 2014: 97 (distr.; host); Peck, 2016: 182 (distr.; host); Monné, 2017: 369 (cat.).</p><p>Redescription. Male. Integument mostly dark brown; apex of maxillary and labial palpomeres yellowish brown; antennomeres IV–XI reddish brown on base, this area larger on ventral surface, brown on remaining surface.</p><p>Head. Frons densely, moderately coarsely punctate; with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument toward antennal tubercles, sparser distally, yellower, denser close to eyes; with short, suberect yellowish setae throughout, and long, erect yellowish setae close to lower eye lobes. Area between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes with punctures as on frons, slightly sparser toward posterior margin of eyes, except sub-diamond central area nearly smooth; pubescence and setae as on basal area of frons except narrow band with dense pale yellow pubescence close to eyes; remaining surface of vertex moderately coarsely, sparsely punctate, with pubescence as on basal area of frons. Area behind eyes moderately coarsely, sparsely punctate (punctures slightly finer toward apex of lower eye lobes); with narrow pale yellow pubescent band close to upper eye lobe, gradually widened, paler toward inferior margin of lower eye lobe; remaining surface with yellowish brown pubescence gradually sparser toward inferior margin of lower eye lobe; with a few long, erect yellow setae close to eye. Antennal tubercles moderately finely, abundantly punctate on base of frontal area, densely micropunctate on remaining surface; with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, with long, erect yellowish setae interspersed. Median groove distinct from clypeus to prothoracic margin. Genae finely, transversely striate, with a few fine punctures interspersed, except smooth, narrow distal area; with sparse yellowish brown pubescence except glabrous smooth area. Gulamentum shining, smooth, glabrous on wide basal area, micropunctate (interspersed with fine, shallow punctures distally), with sparse yellowish brown pubescence and a few long, erect yellowish setae close to mentum. Labrum convex, coplanar with anteclypeus on basal 2/3, inclined on distal third; nearly smooth basally, finely punctate near apex of basal 2/3, abundantly micropunctate on distal third; with sparse yellow pubescence on basal 2/3, denser, with long, erect yellow setae interspersed on distal third (longer and more abundant laterally), with fringe of yellow setae on distal margin. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.65 times length of scape (3.0 times width of one lobe); in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes equal to length of scape. Antennae 1.85 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at about middle of antennomere VIII. Scape abruptly widened near base on inner side; finely, moderately sparsely punctate; with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, with long, erect yellowish setae interspersed throughout. Pedicel and antennomeres with long, erect yellowish setae ventrally, gradually shorter, sparser toward XI. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.65; pedicel = 0.12; IV = 0.93; V = 0.70; VI = 0.60; VII = 0.58; VIII = 0.51; IX = 0.49; X = 0.45; XI = 0.45.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax, maximum width 1.47 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercles large, placed at middle, apex acute and directed backward. Pronotum with two slightly distinct gibbosities placed on each side of distal half; coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate except smooth centro-longitudinal wide band; with yellowish brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, with long, erect, yellow setae interspersed on basal half. Sides of prothorax coarsely, moderately sparsely punctate except smooth distal area (widened toward ventral side); with ashy yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument. Prosternum with row of coarse punctures close to procoxal cavities, finely, transversely striate laterally, smooth centrally; with ashy yellow pubescence not obscuring integument. Prosternal process centrally as wide as 1.4 times base of metafemora; with ashy yellow pubescence not obscuring integument; notably widened distally, with distal margin slightly projected centrally. Central area of mesoventrite with sparse ashy yellow pubescence, nearly glabrous toward prosternum, distinctly denser laterally. Metanepisternum moderately coarsely, sparsely punctate; with ashy yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument. Mesepimeron and metanepisternum nearly smooth, with pubescence as on metanepisternum. Mesoventral process depressed centrally. Metaventrite moderately finely, sparsely punctate laterally; with ashy yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument laterally, except glabrous, small, circular areas surrounding each puncture; central area nearly glabrous. Scutellum glabrous on centro-longitudinal area, with pale yellow, dense pubescence laterally. Elytra. Slightly, longitudinally carinate; coarsely, moderately abundant punctate on basal half, gradually finer, sparser toward apex (punctures nearly aligned in rows); with yellowish brown pubescence irregularly interspersed with ashy yellow pubescence, partially obscuring integument; apex almost truncate. Legs. Femora moderately finely, sparsely punctate; with ashy yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument except glabrous, small, circular areas surrounding each puncture.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites with ashy yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument except glabrous, small, circular areas surrounding each puncture; with long, erect, yellow setae laterally; distal margin of ventrite V slightly concave.</p><p>Dimensions (mm) male. Total length, 11.11; prothoracic length, 2.29; basal prothoracic width, 2.56; distal prothoracic width, 2.11; maximum prothoracic width (between apices of lateral tubercles), 3.37; humeral width, 3.55; elytral length, 7.51.</p><p>Material examined. MARTINIQUE: Le Diamant - M. Gardia, 1 male (ex larva), VI.2012, J. Touroult col. (MZSP).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB143E05FCD12C0B12EBFB35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB153E05FCD12A49178AF9E0.text	0380274EFB153E05FCD12A49178AF9E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estoloides	<div><p>Key separating Estoloides, Spinestoloides, and Pseudestoloides</p><p>1. Mesoventral process tuberculate (Figs 49, 51, 105, 107)........................................... Pseudestoloides</p><p>- Mesoventral process not tuberculate...................................................................... 2</p><p>2(1). Elytra with erect setae throughout................................................................. Estoloides</p><p>- Elytra without erect setae throughout........................................................... Spinestoloides</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB153E05FCD12A49178AF9E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB153E05FCD12975178DF859.text	0380274EFB153E05FCD12975178DF859.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spinestoloides Breuning 1954	<div><p>Key to species of Spinestoloides</p><p>1. Elytral apex with long spine at outer angle (Figs 29–32). Jamaica.......................... S. monticola (Fisher, 1942)</p><p>- Elytral apex without spine at outer angle................................................................... 2</p><p>2(1). Central area of prosternal process distinctly wider than width of one procoxal cavity (Fig. 62). Guadeloupe, Grenada, Martin- ique, Montserrat, Saint Lucia ...................................................... S. benardi (Breuning, 1980)</p><p>- Central area of prosternal process at most half the width of one procoxal cavity (Figs 60, 100)........................ 3</p><p>3(2). Scape and femora with small, circular glabrous areas; general pubescence yellow (Figs 59–60). Mexico (Guerrero).............................................................................. S. fasciatus (Martins &amp; Galileo, 2010)</p><p>- Scape and femora without small, circular glabrous areas; general pubescence a darker yellowish brown (Figs 99–101). Panama..................................................................................... S. hefferni sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB153E05FCD12975178DF859	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
0380274EFB2A3E3AFCD12F8C178DFE36.text	0380274EFB2A3E3AFCD12F8C178DFE36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudestoloides Breuning and Heyrovsky 1961	<div><p>Key to species of Pseudestoloides</p><p>(Except P. costaricensis)</p><p>1. Mesoventral process with elevated, wide, posteriorly deeply notched tubercle; anterior side of mesoventral process almost vertical (Figs 103–108). Nicaragua ........................................................... P. bingkirki sp. nov.</p><p>- Mesoventral process with slightly elevated, narrow, planar, unnotched tubercle; anterior side of mesoventral process gradually inclined toward mesoventrite........................................................................... 2</p><p>2(1). Scape clearly projected at inner apex; elytral apex with outer angle distinctly spined (Figs 45–54). Costa Rica ....................................................................................... P. affinis Martins &amp; Galileo, 2009</p><p>- Scape not projected at inner apex; elytral apex rounded. Costa Rica, Panama ........ P. rubiginosa Martins &amp; Galileo, 2009</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380274EFB2A3E3AFCD12F8C178DFE36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Wappes, James E.;Galileo, Maria Helena M.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Wappes, James E., Galileo, Maria Helena M. (2018): Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4375 (4): 451-501, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.1
