taxonID	type	description	language	source
03818796FFC0F926C0C9823266A9FCB1.taxon	description	Trachypenaeus (Trachysalambria). — Davie, 2002: 152.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFC0F926C0C9823266A9FCB1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body robust, size small to moderate. Integument thick, generally densely pubescent. Rostrum relatively short, extending to second or third segment of antennular peduncle; armed only with dorsal teeth; epigastric tooth well separated from first rostral tooth. Carapace with orbital, antennal and hepatic spines; pterygostomian angle blunt to sharp; postocular sulcus absent; orbito-antennal sulcus shallow; cervical sulcus from moderately long to short or absent; hepatic sulcus marked or indistinct; branchiocardiac carina rudimentary or absent; longitudinal suture short, weak, sometimes even indistinct, terminating anterior to hepatic spine; transverse suture short, rudimentary to well developed. Antennule without parapenaeid spine; antennular flagella shorter than carapace. Basial spine absent on maxilliped III but well developed on pereiopods I and II. Small ischial spine present or absent on pereiopod I. All pereiopods bearing exopods. Epipod present on pereiopods I to III, or on II and III, or on III only. Pereiopods IV and V with dactyl neither elongate nor subdivided. Petasma symmetrical and “ T ” - shaped; with distolateral projections extensively produced laterally and horizontally, almost straight, sometimes curving slightly backwards. Thelycum closed; anterior and posterior plates both well developed and clearly separated; anterior plate not produced caudally onto posterior plate; anterior margin of posterior plate slightly cleft (mostly) or anterior produced medially. Seminal receptacles consisting of paired bilobed sacs. Abdominal somite VI lacking cicatrix. Telson with 3 or 4 pairs of movable lateral spines; distal and subapical pair always present and largest, another pair abutting subapical spines, if present, often minute.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFC0F926C0C9823266A9FCB1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Indo-Pacific, shallow water to 271 m deep but mostly less than 100 m deep.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFC0F926C0C9823266A9FCB1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Most characters previously used to separate the species of Trachysalambria (e. g., Starobogatov 1972; Motoh & Buri 1984; Liu & Zhong 1988; Dall & Rothlisberg 1990; Chitiamvong & Supongpan 1992; Chan 1998; Sakaji & Hayashi 2003) were found to be quite variable and sometimes related to size and sex. Unlike most penaeoids, the shape of the genitalia is not especially useful for distinguishing the species in this genus. Sakaji & Hayashi (2003) also commented that the shape of the petasma cannot be used to separate the species of the “ T. curvirostris ” group. Only the petasma of T. malaiana and T. brevisuturae significantly differs from that of the other species of the genus. The thelycum is also very similar in most species of the genus and useless for species separation, except for T. malaiana, T. brevisuturae, T. crosnieri sp. nov. and T. palaestinensis. For the latter two species, only the thelycum of large females are different but the thelycum of small females may not be very different from the general shape (i. e., anterior plate semi-triangular) of the genus. The length of pereiopod V was often treated as diagnostic in Trachysalambria (e. g., Alcock 1905, 1906; Dall 1957; Racek & Dall 1965). Although it is true that the pereiopod V tends to be shorter or longer in some species, its length can be rather variable in the same species and often relatively longer in smaller specimens. Thus, this character may be misleading if used alone for distinguishing species. While the length of postrostral carina is rather constant in most of the species, in T. malaiana, T. longipes, T. aspera and T. nansei, the posterior part of the carina behind the epigastric tooth can vary from very distinct to nearly absent. The ischial spine of pereiopod I is often (but not always) distinct in T. curvirostri s but absent in T. longipes, T. dentata sp. nov. and T. brevisuturae. This spine, however, can be small, minute or completely absent in the other eight species of the genus. Sexual dimorphism is often marked in the shape of the rostrum in this genus. Nevertheless, it was found that the rostrum shape is quite diagnostic even though the rostrum is usually more strongly curved upwards in mature females but straighter in males and small females. The number of rostral teeth varies significantly within a species when large series were examined, though there is a trend towards more or fewer rostral teeth in certain species. The same applies for the armature at the tip of the rostrum, which is related to the total number of teeth on the rostrum. Furthermore, the length of the rostrum and the height of the abdominal carinae may vary with size; with smaller individuals generally having a shorter rostrum and lower abdominal carinae. All these variations resulted in juveniles of this genus being sometimes very difficult to identify. On the other hand, large females generally fully exhibit the characteristics of the species. The number of lateral spines on the telson had been described differently for various species. Actually, all species of this genus normally bear 3 or 4 lateral spines on the telson. The subapical pair is always distinct. The other lateral spines are quite small and sometimes rather minute, particularly the pair immediately adjacent to the subapical lateral spines (when present, Fig. 16 H; also see De Man 1907; Sakaji & Hayashi 2003). Nevertheless, the lateral telson spines, except the subapical pair are often very minute in T. malaiana (see Motoh & Buri 1984; Dall 1957) but relatively larger in T. brevisuturae (see Hendrickx 1996). Since the lateral spines on the telson are movable, they are sometimes detached, making it very difficult to determine if these minute lateral spines were originally present or absent on the telson. The coloration of this genus is not particular striking. The single Eastern Pacific species T. brevisuturae seems to have a very different coloration of a semi-transparent body scattered with red and white dots. The Indo-West Pacific species are either greyish or pinkish with reddish brown or whitish antennal flagella and whitish or yellowish margined uropods. Some species have very similar coloration and can sometimes be rather variable within the same species (e. g., from grey to pink in T. curvirostris and with or without a red saddle on the abdominal somite II in T. aspera). Therefore, coloration cannot be used alone for positive identification, though, together with morphological characters, coloration can greatly assist species separation. For example, T. dentata sp. nov. and T. aspera are most colorful in the genus with the white markings on the body very prominent. However, their coloration is almost identical (Figs. 19 C, 20 B) and can only be separated by T. dentata sp. nov. with two dorsal carinae on the abdominal somite II and the dorsal carinae of the abdominal somites IV and V bearing posterior spines (vs. one dorsal carina on abdominal somite II and dorsal carinae of abdominal somites IV and V without posterior spine in T. aspera).	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFC5F92BC0C984CC645AFA2C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Philippines. Manilla market: 17.03.1976, 1 male cl 18.5 mm, 3 females cl 22.5 – 25.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 12851), 1 female cl 24.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7060); 27.05.1985, 11 males cl 15.0 – 18.5 mm, 18 females cl 15.5 – 24.8 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7061), 1 female cl 23.3 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7062). MUSORSTOM I, stn CP 0 1, 14 ° 28.0 ’ N, 120 ° 42.0 ’ E, 36 – 37 m, 18.03.1976, 8 males cl 16.0 – 19.5 mm, 3 females cl 19.5 – 26.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7059), 1 male cl 18.2 mm, 1 female cl 25.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7064). Vietnam. “ De Lanessan ”: Entrance of Port Dayot, Honi Cohé Bay, 0 9.08.1926, 4 females cl 20.5 – 24.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7068); Cap Saint Jacques, 18.12.1926, 28 – 32 m, 1 female cl 21.8 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7074). No specific data, 1 male cl 16.5 mm, 1 female cl 24.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7069).	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFC5F92BC0C984CC645AFA2C.taxon	description	Singapore. Singapore Fisheries Research Station, stn B 176, 23.11.1956, 3 males cl 13.0 – 14.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7071). Singapore market, 12.1995, 3 females cl. 17.0 – 21.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2013 - 14467). Thailand. Narathiwat, 18.10.1981, 1 female cl 18.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7070). Indonesia. CORINDON II: stn CH 201, 01 ° 11 ’ S, 117 ° 06 ’ E, 21 m, 30.10.1980, 1 male cl 16.0 mm, 3 females cl 17.5 – 19.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7065); stn CH 203, 01 ° 09 ’ S, 117 ° 08 ’ E, 25 m, 30.10.1980, 1 male cl 15.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7073). ANAMBAS, stn EA-TT- 08, 03 ° 56.01 ’ N, 107 ° 51.78 ’ E, 41 – 23 m, 18.03.2002, 10 males cl 13.5 – 17.5 mm, 4 females cl 20.5 – 23.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7067), 1 female cl 22.1 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7066). South-East Asia. No specific data, 1 female cl 12.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7072). Papua New Guinea. BIOPAPUA, stn CP 3702, 3 ° 57 ’ N, 144 ° 40 ’ E, 80 – 91 m, 0 1.10.2010, 2 males cl 12.0 and 12.4 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7103). Australia. Queensland: Reef Point, Scarborough, 15.12.1967, 1 female not measured (QM W 2782); Beacon, stn 222, 27 ° 18 ’ 50 S, 153 ° 12.50 E, 8.2 m, 1967, 2 females cl 16.0 and 21.0 mm (QM W 2821); Moreton Bay: stn 384, 12.8 m, 0 6.02.1968, 1 male cl 17.0 mm, 1 female cl 16.5 mm (QM W 2973); 12.8 m, 26.06.1968, 1 male cl 11.5 mm, 1 female cl 18.0 mm (QM W 3829); Hinchinbrook Is., 18 ° 27.5 ’ S, 146 ° 22.7 ’ E, 0 7.01.1986, 1 female cl 20.5 mm (QM W 12843). Northern Territory, Gove Peninsula (Pools), 11.01.1971, 1 male cl 8.7 mm, 1 female cl 8.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7077), 1 male cl 9.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7078). Western Australia, Exmouth Gulf, 13 m, no date, 3 males cl 12.0 - 13.0 mm, 2 females cl 15.2 and 17.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7075), 1 female cl 17.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7076). Description. Entire body densely pubescent. Rostrum with 7 – 10 (usually 8 or 9, excluding epigastric tooth) teeth along entire dorsal border; slightly curved upwards to almost straight in females, ventral border convex to straight, tip nearly straight and with ventral margin slightly convex, tips of rostral teeth aligned in concave to straight configuration; in males rostrum straight (mostly) or very slightly curving upwards, ventral border straight (mostly) or slightly convex, tips of rostral teeth aligned in a straight line or occasionally in a slightly convex configuration; reaching middle to tip of second segment of antennular peduncle (generally shorter in males). Postrostral carina generally extending to posterior carapace but occasionally indistinct in posterior half. Pereiopods I and II without epipod, only pereiopod III with epipod. Pereiopod I bearing small ischial spine, which often minute and sometimes even completely absent. Pereiopod IV in females with coxa not particularly expanded medially. Pereiopod V varying from nearly reaching tip of scaphocerite to far overreaching scaphocerite. Abdomen with dorsal carinae distinct, highly elevated on somites II to VI; that of somite II short but laminate; somite III generally with distinct dorsal carina at posterior 2 / 3 but occasionally with distinct dorsal carina along entire length; carinae on somites IV and V terminating posteriorly in small spines but posterior spine sometimes rather minute at somite IV. Telson with strong but blunt dorsolateral carinae; generally armed with 3 pairs of movable lateral spines, subapical pair distinct but other 2 pairs very minute. Male petasma with lateral margins of stem almost parallel; distolateral lobes with ventral margins straight or slightly convex, tips of dorsal and ventral flaps coinciding, forming wide angle. Female thelycum with anterior plate regularly convex, surface generally depressed; anterior margin of posterior plate distinctly concave, with median cleft. Coloration. Coloration information of this species is based on the color photographs provided for the Philippines (Motoh 1980), Thailand (Chaitiamvong & Supongpan 1992) and Australian (Grey et al. 1983) material. Body generally greyish blue to light brown. Eyes black-brown. Antennal flagella reddish brown. Pereiopods yellowish to reddish brown. Pleopods reddish brown with lateral surfaces whitish or yellowish. Uropods dark grey to red and often with yellowish margins.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFC5F92BC0C984CC645AFA2C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South China Sea south to northern Australia; from the Philippines, Southern China, Vietnam, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea and northern Australia; at depths of 5 – 91 m.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFC5F92BC0C984CC645AFA2C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The present species is unique in the genus by the epipod being absent on the pereiopods I and II and only present at the pereiopod III. There are three names described that clearly fit such criteria: T. malaiana (Balss, 1933) from Indonesia, T. fulva (Dall, 1957) from northern Australia and T. unica (Hall, 1961) from Singapore. The type localities of these three nominal species are rather close. Trachysalambria unica was considered by the original author (Hall 1961) as a synonym of T. fulva. The northern T. malaiana and the southern T. fulva (supposed to be restricted to Australia) are sometimes considered as separated species that differ mainly in the pereiopod length, which is generally shorter in the latter (Dall 1957; Rack & Dall 1965; Racek & Yaldwyn 1971; Motoh & Buri 1984). Although it is true that the Australian material tends to have shorter pereiopods, the length ranges of the pereiopods overlap in both the Australian and Asian materials examined. Thus, further dividing the present form seems to be unwarranted as suggested by Dall & Rothlisberg (1990). Nevertheless, attempts to sequence the DNA of Australian material has failed. Future genetic comparison amongst the Australian specimens with the sequences from the Philippines and Indonesia (which only have <0.2 % divergence in 12 S and 16 S rRNA genes, Tables 2, 3) can determine if the present synonymy between T. malaiana and T. fulva is valid. Other than the development of the epipod on the pereiopods, T. malaiana also differs from the other members of the genus in the shape of the genitalia. The petasma has the stem with the lateral margins parallel in T. malaiana (Fig. 1 D, E). In the other species of Trachysalambria, the lateral margins of the stem of the petasma are converging distally. The anterior plate of the thelycum is regularly convex in T. malaiana (Fig. 1 G) but more or less semitriangular in the other species of the genus. Moreover, only T. malaiana and T. parvispina sp. nov. have the dorsal carinae on the abdominal somites IV and V terminating in small spines (Figs. 1 B, 5 E, F). The lateral spines on the telson only have the subapical pair distinct in the present species, the others are very minute and difficult to discern (see also Dall 1957). This had resulted in the inconsistency in the number of lateral telson spines reported for this species in literature (e. g., Kubo 1949; Dall 1957; Hall 1962; Motoh & Burni 1984; Liu & Zhong 1988). In the other species of Trachysalambria, the lateral telson spines, except the one abutting the subapical spine, are rather easily discernible.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFCBF928C0C9824061A9FA70.taxon	description	Penaeus longipes Paul’son, 1875: 125, table 19 - fig. 1, 1 a [type locality: Red Sea].	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFCBF928C0C9824061A9FA70.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Neotype: Seychelles, REVES II, stn CH 0 6, 4 ° 57.8 ’ S, 56 ° 12.0 ’ E, 40 m, 0 4.09.1980, female cl 25.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7043). Other material examined. Philippines. Panay Is., Tigbauan, otter trawl, 26.12.1978, 5 males cl 9.3 – 10.5 mm (1 without cephalothorax), 7 females cl 12.0 – 15.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7045, ex SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department Museum, D 288, paratypes of T. villaluzi). Indonesia. CORINDON II, stn CH 201, 01 ° 11 ’ S, 117 ° 06 ’ E, 21 m, 30.10.1980, 1 female cl 18.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7046).	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFCBF928C0C9824061A9FA70.taxon	description	Fiji. SUVA 2: stn CP 46, 17 ° 52.5 ’ S, 177 ° 15.5 ’ E, 25 m, 19.10.1998, 1 male cl 8.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7050); stn CP 47, 17 ° 53.5 ’ S, 177 ° 13.6 ’ E, 25 m, 19.10.1998, 7 males cl 7.0 – 9.0 mm, 1 female cl 9.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7049); stn CP 57, 17 ° 43.4 ’ S, 177 ° 22.8 ’ E, 17 m, 20.10.1998, 1 male cl 7.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7048), 1 female cl 9.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7047). Red Sea. Hamar Is., Kamaran, no date, 1 female cl 15.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7051). Seychelles. REVES II, stn CH 0 6, 4 ° 57.8 ’ S, 56 ° 12.0 ’ E, 40 m, 0 4.09.1980, 2 females cl 21.5 and 22.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7044). La Réunion. “ Marion-Dufresne ”, MD / 32: stn CP 42, 21 ° 20.7 ’ S, 55 ° 26.9 ’ E, 74 – 77 m, 18.08.1982, 1 female cl 18.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7057); stn CP 125, 20 ° 52.5 ’ S, 55 ° 36.9 ’ E, 45 m, 0 2.09.1982, 3 females cl 17.0 – 19.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7055); stn CP 127, 20 ° 52.0 ’ S, 55 ° 37.1 ’ E, 92 m, 0 2.09.1982, 1 female cl 17.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7056); stn CP 174, 20 ° 51.8 ’ S, 55 ° 36.5 ’ E, 78 – 85 m, 0 8.09.1982, 3 females cl 12.7 – 19.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7058). Madagascar. “ Vauban ”, Antongil Bay, trawl, 15 ° 38.8 ’ S, 49 ° 42.4 ’ E, 20 m, 0 2.04.1973, 2 males cl 13.0 and 16.2 mm, 16 females cl 13.6 - 20.1 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7052), 13 males cl 11.1 – 16.7 mm, 20 females cl 13.6 – 21.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7053), 5 males cl 12.5 – 17.0 mm, 1 female cl 18.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7054). Description. Entire body densely pubescent. Rostrum with 7 – 10 (usually 8 or 9, excluding epigastric tooth) teeth along entire dorsal border; slightly to distinctly curved upwards in females, with ventral border more or less convex, tip straight or very slightly recurved downwards, with ventral margin more or less straight, tips of rostral teeth aligned in concave configuration; in males, rostrum straight to slightly curving upwards or downwards, ventral border convex to straight, tip more or less straight, tips of rostral teeth aligned in a straight or low crest configuration; more or less extending to tip of second segment of antennular peduncle (generally shorter in males and small females); postrostral carina from blunt to sharp, generally extending to near posterior carapace though sometimes rather indistinct in posterior half. Only pereiopods II and III bearing epipods. Pereiopod I generally bearing small ischial spine, which sometimes very minute and occasionally even completely absent. Pereiopod IV in females with coxa not particularly expanded medially. Pereiopod V more or less extending to tip of scaphocerite. Abdomen with dorsal carinae distinct on somites II to VI; that on somite II short; that on somite III distinct at posterior 2 / 3 of somite and rudimentary or absent at anterior 1 / 3 of somite; ridges on somites IV and V posteriorly incised and not terminating in distinct spine. Telson with strong but blunt dorsolateral carinae, bearing 3 or 4 pairs of movable lateral spines. Male petasma with lateral margins of stem distinctly converging distally; distolateral lobes with ventral margins more or less straight, tips of dorsal and ventral flaps coinciding, forming sharp angle. Female thelycum with anterior plate semi-triangular but with lateral parts somewhat protruding; anterior margin of posterior plate distinctly concave, with median notch. Coloration. The coloration of the Philippines material is described as pale reddish brown. Antennal flagella milky or pinkish white. Posterior margins of abdominal somites with narrow transverse light brownish bands. Uropods brownish red to reddish with white margins (Muthu & Motoh 1979; Motoh & Buri 1984).	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFCBF928C0C9824061A9FA70.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Indo-West Pacific and known with certainty from Madagascar, La Réunion, Seychelles, Red Sea, Indonesia, the Philippines and Fiji; at depths of 7 – 92 m.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFCBF928C0C9824061A9FA70.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The present species, generally known under the name T. villaluzi (Muthu & Motoh, 1979), is unique in the genus by lacking epipod on the pereiopod I but having epipods on the pereiopods II and III. Trachysalambria villaluzi was thought to be restricted to the Philippines (Motoh & Buri 1984; Pèrez Farfante & Kensley 1997) but it is actually widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific and with low genetic divergence (0.6 % sequence divergence in 12 S rRNA gene between materials from Seychelles and Fiji, Table 2). On the other hand, T. villaluzi is in fact very similar in general morphology to T. aspera, which also has a similar geographical distribution in the Indo- West Pacific. Although Muthu & Motoh (1979) and Motoh & Buri (1984) argued that the petasma and thelycum are different between T. villaluzi and T. aspera, the genitalia structures of the present species actually have the general shape of the genus (Fig. 2 D – G) and with large variations. As discussed in the “ Remarks ” under P. dentata sp. nov., the “ T. longipes ” material previously reported from the Western Pacific and the South China Sea is actually not Paul’son’s (1875) species from the Red Sea. The exact identity of Penaeus longipes Paul’son, 1875 is uncertain as the type cannot be located now (M. Türkay pers. comm.; also see Sakaji & Hayashi 2003). Paul’son’s (1875) original description and thelycum illustration (Paul’son 1875: table 19 - fig. 1 a) clearly show that his specimen is a Trachysalambria. The original description given for the single type of T. longipes is rather brief but contains the following key characters used in this study for distinguishing the species of Trachysalambri a. The type is a mature female with a slightly curved rostrum. The postrostral carina extends to the posterior carapace. The pereiopod V extends to the distal end of scaphocerite. Dorsal carinae are distinct on the abdominal somites III to VI but only that on the somite VI bearing a posterior spine. Thelycum has the anterior plate semi-triangular and the posterior plate anteriorly with a median cleft. Of the species in this genus, only T. villaluzi and T. aspera fit well with Paul’son’s (1875) original description and both are confirmed to occur in the Red Sea. Although T. palaestinensis is the commonest species in the Red Sea, it clearly differs from Paul’son’s (1875) species in the postrostral carina only extending to the posterior 2 / 3 of the carapace and the pereiopod V generally reaching far behind the tip of scaphocerite. The other species of Trachysalambria known with certainty in the western Indian Ocean is only T. parvispina sp. nov. However, as in T. dentata sp. nov., the dorsal carinae of the abdominal somites IV and V terminate in spines in T. parvispina sp. nov. Trachysalambria villaluzi and T. aspera can only be satisfactorily separated by the pereiopod I having an epipod in the latter but not in the former. Paul’son’s (1875: fig. 1) original figure shows a well-developed epipod on the basal parts of one of the chelipeds. However, the caption of this figure only states “ One of the chelipeds ” and there is no mention in the original description about the epipods on the chelipeds. There is a strong basial spine in Paul’son’s (1875: fig. 1) material but both pereiopods I and II have strong basial spines in all the members of Trachysalambria (as pereiopod III lacks basial spine in Trachysalambria, therefore, T. longipes must not be T. malaiana which lacks epipod on both pereiopods I and II). Since it cannot be known now if Paul’son’s (1875) fig. 1 is on pereiopod I or II, it is impossible to determine if T. longipes (Paul’son, 1875) belongs to the same species as T. villaluzi or T. aspera. The name T. longipes is widely but incorrectly used in recent literature, and many distinguishing characters for the members of Trachysalambria are now re-defined. Therefore, it is necessary to fix the name T. longipes by selecting a neotype. Between T. villaluzi and T. aspera, T. aspera is characterized by the female types having a very straight rostrum (see Alcock 1906: pl. 9 - fig. 28), which is somewhat different from the original description of T. longipes. Moreover, specimens of these two species in the Indian Ocean often differ in the posterior half of the postrostral carina being distinct in T villaluzi but often indistinct in T. aspera. Since Paul’son’s (1875) type has a distinct postrostral carina extending to posterior carapace, a specimen of T. villaluzi is here selected as the neotype of T. longip es. By doing so, T. villaluzi effectively becomes a junior synonym of T. longip es. The type locality of T. longipes is from the Red Sea. However, the only Red Sea specimen of the present species available in this study is an old and damaged female (not in good condition with pereiopods mostly missing and tip of rostrum also missing). Other available material of this species nearest to the Red Sea is from Seychelles. Thus, a Seychelles female with genetic data (Table 1; MNHN IU- 2014 - 7043) is selected as the neotype of T. longipes.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFC8F92EC0C981A464BDF998.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Mexico. Tehuantepec Gulf, Oaxaca, 10.07.1963, 3 females cl 14.5 – 18.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7021). CICLO I, stn 130, San Ignacio Is., Sinaloa, 13 m, 0 6.07.1984, 2 females cl both 13.5 mm (UNAM 2573). CEEMEX P 4: stn 19, San Mateo del Mar, Oaxaca, 31.03.1991, 31 – 34 m, 2 females cl 18.3 and 20.0 mm (UNAM 4837); stn 37, Puerto Madero, Chiapas, 23 m, 0 1.04.1991, 1 male cl 11.5 mm (UNAM 4836). Panama. Pacific coast, Las Perlas Archipelago, Urraca cruise, dredge, 50 – 100 m, 10.2007: stn 2, 2 males cl 4.9 and 6.2 mm, 1 female cl 7.7 mm (NTOU M 01921); stn 3, 1 male cl 7.6 mm, 2 females cl 6.7 and 7.6 mm (NTOU M 01922); stn 4, 1 male cl 4.8 mm (NTOU M 01923); stn 5, 2 females cl 8.2 and 8.4 mm (NTOU M 01924); stn 6, 1 males cl 7.9 mm (NTOU M 01925); stn 7, 1 male cl 7.7 mm (NTOU M 01926); stn 8, 2 males cl 5.8 and 7.1 mm, 1 female cl 6.0 mm (NTOU M 01927); stn 9, 1 female cl 9.4 mm (NTOU M 01928); stn 10, 10 males cl 6.1 – 7.3 mm, 3 females cl 6.7 – 7.3 mm (NTOU M 01929); stn 11, 4 males cl 6.1 – 7.6 mm, 3 females cl 7.0 – 9.9 mm (NTOU M 01930); stn 14, 2 males cl 5.5 and 8.5 mm (NTOU M 01931); stn 16, 3 males cl 6.9 – 8.3 mm, 4 females cl 5.6 – 10.5 mm (NTOU M 01932); no station data, 3 males cl 5.1 – 6.5 mm, 1 female cl 7.3 mm (NTOU M 01933).	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFC8F92EC0C981A464BDF998.taxon	description	Description. Carapace slightly pubescent (mainly at anterior and dorsal parts) while abdomen almost naked. Rostrum with 7 – 9 (excluding epigastric tooth) teeth along entire dorsal border; slightly curved upwards in large females, with ventral border more or less convex, tip not recurved downwards, tips of rostral teeth aligned in a concave configuration; in males and small females rostrum straight and with ventral border concave, tip not recurved downwards, tips of rostral teeth aligned in a convex configuration; more or less extending to middle of second segment of antennular peduncle (generally longer in females); postrostral carina only extending to about middle of carapace. Pereiopods I to III with well-developed epipods. Pereiopod I sometimes bearing small ischial spine. Pereiopod IV in females with coxa not particularly expanded medially. Pereiopod V more or less extending to middle of scaphocerite, sometimes even reaching tip of scaphocerite in small individuals. Abdomen only with low dorsal carinae on somites IV to VI; not ridged in somites II and III; ridges on somites IV and V posteriorly incised and not terminating in spines. Telson with blunt dorsolateral carinae, bearing 4 pairs of lateral movable spines. Male petasma with lateral margins of stem distinctly converging distally; distolateral lobes with ventral margins straight or concave, tips of dorsal and ventral flaps in different directions, forming fork. Female thelycum with anterior plate somewhat triangular but with anterior part sometimes truncate, surface generally sunken or flattened; anterior margin of posterior plate somewhat straight, without median notch but instead with middle part often anteriorly protruding.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFC8F92EC0C981A464BDF998.taxon	materials_examined	Coloration. Described as generally whitish to pinkish and with reddish or orange transverse spots on the abdomen by Hendrickx (1995). Color photographs of some penaeids collected from the Urraca cruise off Las Perlas Archipelago in the Pacific side of Panama probably belong to the present species. Unfortunately, however, we have been unable to retrace the Urraca cruise material examined due to insufficient information on the photographs. These photographs (Fig. 19 A, B) showed that the shrimp is generally semi-transparent, scattered with white spots all over the body and bearing numerous minute reddish brown dots arranged somewhat in transverse rows particularly on the abdomen. Eyes dark grey. Antennal flagella reddish brown. Pereiopods ventrally reddish brown and dorsally whitish. Uropods with margins reddish and bearing some white spots on inner margins.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFC8F92EC0C981A464BDF998.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Eastern Pacific from tip of Baja California to northern Peru; at depths of 4 – 100 m.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFC8F92EC0C981A464BDF998.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Trachysalambria brevisuturae is the only species of the genus not occurring in the Indo-West Pacific. This eastern Pacific species also differs from the other members of the genus in many aspects, including the shape of the genitalia and probably coloration. The body of T. brevisuturae is almost naked, with the abdominal dorsal carinae very low, and notably absent on the abdominal somites II and III. The other species of Trachysalambria have the body distinctly pubscent and always bearing dorsal carinae on the abdominal somites II and III, with only that of somite II being indistinct in one species (i. e., T. albicoma, which also has the abdomen less pubescent). The petasma has the distolateral lobe bifurcate in T. brevisuturae (Fig. 3 E – G) but pointed in all other species of the genus. The thelycum has the middle of the anterior margin of the posterior plate often protruding forwards in T. brevisuturae (Fig. 3 H) but not in the other species of Trachysalambria. Moreover, only T. brevisuturae has a rudimentary anteroventral arthrobanch on pereiopod IV (see Burkenroad 1934 a; Pèrez Farfante & Kensley 1997). Molecular analysis also shows that T. brevisuturae is genetically quite different from the other members of the genus (Fig. 21).	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFCEF933C0C9829C6710F9C0.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: Taiwan, Nanliao fishing port, Hsinchu County, 0 4.07.1984, female cl 26.1 mm (NTOU M 01934). Paratypes: Taiwan, Dasi fishing port, Yilan County: 0 7.07.1985, 3 females cl 23.3 – 25.9 mm (NTOU M 01976); 25.09.2000, 1 female cl 18.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6948); 0 8.01.2008, 2 females cl 16.5 and 17.5 mm (NTOU M 01973); 10.01.2008, 1 female cl 15.5 mm (NTOU M 01974). Nanfang-ao fishing port, Yilan County, 0 5.1985, 1 male cl 15.8 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6949). Donggang fishing port, Pingtung County: 0 7.06.1984, 1 female cl 12.8 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6950); 29.10.1988, 1 male cl 15.3 mm (NTOU M 01975). No specific locality, 1 female cl 18.5 mm (NTOU M 01977). Other material examined. Japan. Tosa Bay, Mimase Fish Market, 24.10.1977, 3 males cl 16.8 – 18.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6956, ex NFU 530 - 2 - 721), 1 female cl 28.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6957, ex NFU 530 - 2 - 848), 2 females cl 27.5 and 28.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6958, ex NFU 530 - 2 - 848); 0 9.11.1978, 1 female cl 25.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6955, ex NFU 530 - 2 - 1155). Philippines. MUSORSTOM I, stn CP 56, 13 ° 53.1 ’ N, 120 ° 08.9 ’ E, 134 – 129 m, 26.03.1976, 1 female cl 22.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6954). PANGLAO 2004: stn P 4, 9 ° 31.1 ’ N, 123 ° 41.5 ’ E, ~ 100 m, 14.06.2004, 1 male cl 18.8 mm (NTOU M 01984); stn T 9, 9 ° 33.5 ’ N, 123 ° 49.5 ’ E, 97 – 120 m, 14.06.2004, 1 female cl about 7.0 mm (carapace damaged) (NTOU M 01985); stn T 26, 9 ° 43.3 ’ N, 123 ° 48.8 ’ E, 97 – 120 m, 24.06.2004, 1 male cl 12.2 mm (NTOU M 01986). PANGLAO 2005: stn CP 2377, 8 ° 40.6 ’ N, 123 ° 20.3 ’ E, 82 – 85 m, 28.05.2005, 1 male cl 10.0 mm, 1 female cl 17.5 mm (NTOU M 01987), 1 male cl 16.2 mm (NTOU M 01978); stn CP 2378, 9 ° 38.8 ’ N, 123 ° 20.1 ’ E, 65 – 63 m, 28.05.2005, 1 male cl 12.9 mm, 1 female cl 14.6 mm (NTOU M 01988); stn CP 2380, 8 ° 41.3 ’ N, 123 ° 17.8 ’ E, 163 – 271 m, 28.05.2005, 1 male cl 14.0 mm (NTOU M 01979). AURORA: stn CP 2653, 16 ° 6.5 ’ N, 121 ° 59.7 ’ E, 83 m, 20.05.2007, 4 males cl 11.6 – 15.7 mm, 9 females cl 11.4 – 23.1 mm (NTOU M 01980); stn CP 2654, 16 ° 4.7 ’ N, 121 ° 57.5 ’ E, 98 – 107 m, 20.05.2007, 5 females cl 17.8 – 23.4 mm (NTOU M 01981); stn CP 2747, 15 ° 55.0 ’ N, 121 ° 42.0 ’ E, 120 – 124 m, 0 2.06.2007, 1 female cl 19.1 mm (NTOU M 01983); stn CP 2760, 15 ° 55.0 ’ N, 121 ° 40.5 ’ E, 100 m, 0 4.06.2007, 1 male cl 10.5 mm (NTOU M 01982).	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFCEF933C0C9829C6710F9C0.taxon	description	Vietnam. Xuan, 0 8.05.2000, 1 female cl 19.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6953). Gulf of Tonkin. “ De Lanessan ”, no specific data, 1 female cl 14.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6951). Indonesia. CORINDON II, stn CH 205, 1 ° 07.8 ’ S, 117 ° 18.7 ’ E, 49 m, 30.10.1980, 1 male cl 10.0 mm, 1 female cl 17.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6592). Australia. Western Australia, “ Southern Surveyor ”, Karratha L 21 transect, 19 ° 23.08 ’ S, 117 ° 06.41 ’ E, 114 – 113 m, 13.06.2007, 1 male cl 10.4 mm (NMV J 59514), 1 female cl 7.8 mm (NMV J 62808). Description. Entire body densely pubescent. Rostrum with 8 – 10 (usually 9, excluding epigastric tooth) teeth along entire dorsal border; straight to slightly curved upwards in females, with ventral border straight to convex, tip straight or slightly recurved downwards; in males, rostrum straight to slightly curving downwards, ventral border straight to slightly concave, tip sometimes slightly recurved downwards; tips of rostral teeth more or less aligned in a straight line in both sexes; reaching from middle to tip of second segment of antennular peduncle (females generally longer); postrostral carina distinct and extending to near posterior carapace. Pereiopods I to III with welldeveloped epipods. Pereiopod I without ischial spine. Pereiopod IV with coxa not particularly expanded medially in females. Pereiopod V more or less extending to tip of scaphocerite. Abdomen with dorsal carinae distinct and elevated on somites II to VI; somite II with 2 short but distinct ridges; dorsal carina distinct along entire somite III though with anterior 1 / 3 considerably lower and sometimes interrupted from carina on posterior part of somite; ridges on somites IV and V generally terminating posteriorly in distinct spines. Telson with strong but blunt dorsolateral carinae, bearing 4 pairs of movable lateral spines. Male petasma with lateral margins of stem distinctly converging distally; distolateral lobes with ventral margins more or less straight, tips of dorsal and ventral flaps coinciding, forming sharp angle. Female thelycum with anterior plate semi-triangular, generally sunken or flattened; anterior margin of posterior plate distinctly concave, with median notch. Coloration. Body pinkish brown dorsally and paler to somewhat whitish laterally. Rostrum reddish with broad white tip. Base of rostrum, epigastric tooth and mid-dorsal carapace with white patches. Eyes dark brown. Antennular flagella pinkish to somewhat whitish. Antennal flagella reddish brown except basal parts somewhat pinkish. Pereiopods generally whitish with some reddish brown patches. Dorsal carinae of abdomen from posterior half of somites III to IV whitish. Pleopods reddish to pinkish with lateral surfaces bearing some white patches. Tail fan with uropods reddish and bearing board white patches at base, lateral tip of exopod and inner margin of endopod whitish.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFCEF933C0C9829C6710F9C0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Know with certainty from Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, Vietnam, South China Sea, Indonesia and northwestern Australia; at depths of 49 – 271 m but mostly less than 140 m.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFCEF933C0C9829C6710F9C0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The present form is unique in the genus by having two short dorsal ridges on abdominal somite II and the dorsal carinae of the abdominal somites IV and V terminating in distinct spines (Fig. 4 B). All other species of Trachysalambria have abdominal somite II bearing 0 – 1 (mostly 1) short dorsal ridge and the dorsal carinae of the abdominal somites IV and V not terminating in spines (most species) or at most terminating in rather small spines (only in two species, T. malaiana and T. parvispina sp. nov.). This form was often reported under the name “ T. longipes ” in recent literature (e. g., Starobogatov 1972; Motoh & Buri 1984; Hayashi 1986; Hayashi & Toriyama 1980; Toriyama 1980; Liu & Zhong 1988; Hayashi 1992; Chaitiamvong & Supongpan 1992; Pèrez Farfante & Kensley 1997; Chan 1998; Sakaji & Hayashii 2003; De Grave & Fransen 2011). The original description of T. longipes given by Paul’son (1875) is very brief and without any mention or illustration on the above distinguishing characters of the present form. It appears that previous authors applied Paul’son’s (1875) name to the present species mainly by referring to its longer pereiopod V. It is now known, however, that many species of this genus have a long pereiopod V that can reach the tip of scaphocerite and fit the brief original description of T. longipes. Most importantly, the abundant material examined in this work from the Red Sea (the type locality of T. longipes) and western Indian Ocean does not contain the present form with two dorsal ridges on abdominal somite II. The type of T. longipes cannot be located now. To fix the identity of T. longipes, a specimen corresponding to what is generally known as T. villaluzi is selected as the neotype of T. longipes (see “ Remarks ” under T. longipes). In doing so, the present form becomes unnamed and a new name is herein given to the present species.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFCEF933C0C9829C6710F9C0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name “ dentata ” refers to this unusual species in bearing distinct posterior spines at the dorsal carinae of abdominal somites IV and V.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFD3F937C0C982D46488FD1C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: Indonesia, ANABAMS, stn EA-TT- 04, 2 ° 53.03 ’ N, 105 ° 50.55 ’ E, 31 – 24 m, 13.03.2002, female cl 14.6 mm (MZB). Paratypes: Indonesia, ANABAMS: stn EA-TT- 01, 2 ° 52.80 ’ N, 105 ° 50.43 ’ E, 30 – 32 m, 12.03.2002, 1 male cl 9.0 mm, 3 females cl 10.7 – 15.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6933); stn EA-TT- 04, 2 ° 53.03 ’ N, 105 ° 50.55 ’ E, 31 – 24 m, 13.03.2002, 7 males cl 10.0 – 11.5 mm, 7 females cl 10.8 – 13.8 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6928), 1 male cl 10.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6925), 1 female cl 11.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6924), 1 female cl 14.0 mm (MNHN-IU- 2014 - 12732), 1 female cl 14.6 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6930), 1 female cl 13.5 mm (ZRC). Other material examined. Philippines. MUSORSTOM III, stn CP 121, 12 ° 08 ' N, 121 ° 18 ' E, 73 – 84 m, 0 3.06.1985, 1 male cl 14.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7138), 1 male cl 10.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6938), 1 female cl 15.4 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6937). AURORA, stn CP 2654, 16 ° 04.7 ' N, 121 ° 57.5 ' E, 98 – 107 m, 20.05.2007, 1 male cl 12.4 mm (NTOU M 01970). Vanuatu. SANTO: stn AT 0 2, 15 ° 32.5 ’ S, 167 ° 16.1 E, 160 – 175 m, 14.09.2006, 1 male cl 11.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6940); stn AT 13, 15 ° 27.8 ’ S, 167 ° 15.7 E, 99 – 153 m, 19.09.2006, 1 male cl 11.3 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6939); stn AT 42, 15 ° 37.5 ’ S, 167 ° 02.3 E, 112 – 148 m, 28.09.2006, 1 female cl 21.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6941).	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFD3F937C0C982D46488FD1C.taxon	description	Fiji. MUSORSTOM X, stn CP 1358, 17 ° 48.5 ’ S, 178 ° 46.7 ’ E, 80 – 120 m, 13.08.1998, 2 males cl 7.5 and 10.0 mm, 1 female cl 6.3 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6946). SUVA 2, stn CP 65, 17 ° 47.9 ’ S, 177 ° 12.8 ’ E, 32 m, 21.10.1998, 1 female cl 12.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6943). SUVA 4: stn DW 16, 18 ° 25.8 ’ S, 178 ° 07.0 ’ E, 32 – 36 m, 24.09.1999, 1 male cl 8.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6944); stn CP 20, 18 ° 16.4 ’ S, 178 ° 02.4 ’ E, 50 – 51 m, 25.09.1999, 1 female cl 7.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6945). Tonga. BORDAU 2, stn CP 1582, 18 ° 41 ’ S, 174 ° 03 ’ W, 79 – 82 m, 13.06.2000, 1 male cl 9.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6942). Wallis Is. MUSORSTOM VII, stn Lagonsud 2, 13 ° 22 ’ S, 176 ° 11 ’ W, 55 – 52 m, 15.05.1992, 1 female cl 7.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6947). Seychelles. REVES 2, stn CH 15, 5 ° 33,3 ' S, 56 ° 45 ' E, 57 m, 0 4.09.1980, 1 female cl 23.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6934), 1 female cl 23.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6935). Madagascar. Pracel bank, trawl, 55 m, 0 6.1959, 1 female cl 19.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6936). Description. Entire body densely pubescent. Rostrum with 8 – 10 (usually 9, excluding epigastric tooth) teeth along entire dorsal border; more or less straight in females, with ventral border convex to more or less straight, tip straight or slightly recurved downwards, tips of rostral teeth aligned in a straight or slightly convex configuration; in males rostrum straight to slightly curving downwards, ventral border slightly concave, tip sometimes slightly recurved downwards, tips of rostral teeth more or less aligned in a convex configuration; reaching from base to near tip of second segment of antennular peduncle (generally longer in females and larger individuals); postrostral carina distinct and extending to near posterior carapace. Pereiopods I to III with well-developed epipods. Pereiopod I without ischial spine. Pereiopod IV with coxa not particularly expanded medially in females. Pereiopod V more or less extending to tip of scaphocerite. Abdomen with dorsal carinae distinct and elevated on somites II to VI; somite II with 1 short but distinct ridge; somite III only with distinct dorsal carina on posterior 2 / 3 of somite, anterior 1 / 3 of somite without dorsal carina (more often) or only with rudimentary dorsal carina; somites IV and V with dorsal carinae along entire somite and terminating posteriorly in small spines (posterior spine at somite IV occasionally rather minute). Telson with strong but blunt dorsolateral carinae, bearing 3 or 4 pairs of movable lateral spines. Male petasma with lateral margins of stem distinctly converging distally; distolateral lobes with ventral margins more or less straight, tips of dorsal and ventral flaps coinciding, forming sharp angle. Female thelycum with anterior plate semi-triangular, generally sunken or flattened; anterior margin of posterior plate distinctly concave and with a median notch. Coloration. Body generally pinkish brown, darker dorsally and paler laterally. Anterior part of rostrum pale pink. Epigastric tooth pale pink. Eyes dark brown. Antennular flagella pale white with reddish brown tip. Pereiopods whitish with some reddish brown patches. Dorsal carinae on abdominal somites IV to VI pale white. Pleopods pinkish to reddish brown or pale yellowish, with lateral surfaces whitish. Tail fan with distal half reddish, telson with a subdistal white mark, uropods with lateral tips of exopods and mesial margins of endopods broadly whitish.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFD3F937C0C982D46488FD1C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific and known with certainty from the Philippines, Indonesia, Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga, Wallis Islands, Seychelles and Madagascar; at depths of 24 – 175 m.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFD3F937C0C982D46488FD1C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Trachysalambria parvispina sp. nov. is similar to T. dentata sp. nov. and T. malaiana in the dorsal carinae of the abdominal somites IV and V terminating posteriorly in spines (Fig. 5 E, F), readily separating these species from others in the genus. This new species differs from T. dentata sp. nov. in having only one instead of two dorsal ridges on abdominal somite II (Figs. 4 B, 5 E, F), as well as some other characters discussed under the “ Remarks ” of the latter species. Moreover, the rostrum is often more crest like and broader in T. parvispina sp. nov. (Fig. 5 A, B, D) than in T. dentata sp. nov. (Fig. 4 A, C). Genetic data also supports T. parvispina sp. nov. and T. dentata sp. nov. being closely related yet distinct species (i. e., sequence divergences = 4.1 % in 12 S rRNA gene and = 3.1 % in 16 S rRNA gene; Tables 2, 3, Fig. 21). Other than bearing epipods on the pereiopods I and II (Fig. 6 C), T. parvispina sp. nov. differs from T. malaiana in always having a straight or even crest-like rostrum (Figs. 1 A, C, 5 A, B, D). It is important to point out that the posterior spines on abdominal somites IV and V are sometimes rather minute in small specimens of this species, making them very similar to T. aspera. As discussed under the “ Remarks ” of T. aspera, the small Red Sea specimen from the “ John Murray ” expedition is somewhat intermediate in characteristics between T. aspera and T. parvispina sp. nov. The occurrence of T. parvispina sp. nov. in the northern Indian Ocean, including the Red Sea, will need to be confirmed. Similarly, whether previous records of “ T. curvirostris ” in the western Indian Ocean (e. g., Champion 1973; Kensley 1972; de Freitas 1987) actually include the present form will need to be determined. In the western Pacific this species seems to have a more “ southern ” distribution than T. dentata sp. nov. and has not been found either in Taiwan or Japan despite recent intensive surveys there. On the other hand, these two closely related species at least have overlapping ranges in the Philippines and Indonesia, and their coloration is very similar (also see “ Coloration ” and “ Remarks ” of T. aspera). Nevertheless, the white color of the rostrum and abdominal dorsal carinae is much more prominent in T. dentata sp. nov., thus making T. dentata sp. nov. more colorful in general appearance than T. parvispina sp. nov.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFD3F937C0C982D46488FD1C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name “ parvispina ” refers to this new species bearing smaller (parvus = little) posterior spines on the dorsal carinae of the abdominal somites IV and V as compared to the other new species T. dentata sp. nov. also described in this work.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFD7F935C0C9876D6658FC26.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: South Australia, Gulf St. Vincent, F / V “ Rivoli Queen ”, 36 – 37 m, 0 5.06.1987, female cl 20.8 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6960). Paratypes: South Australia, Gulf St. Vincent, F / V “ Rivoli Queen ”, 36 – 37 m, 0 5.06.1987, 1 male cl 12.6 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6961), 1 male cl 12.4 mm, 4 females cl 17.2 – 23.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6962), 1 female cl 22.4 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6963). Other material examined. Australia. Queensland, Rockhampton, Keppel Bay, Middle Is., 9 – 36 m, 0 6.09.1967, 2 males cl 10.2 and 10.4 mm, 2 females cl 10.3 and 11.5 mm (NMV J 16271). South Australia: Investigator Strait, 35 ° 20 ’ S, 136 ° 45 ’ E, 11.12.1985, 1 female cl 21.4 mm (NMV J 16270); Great Australian Bight, “ Southern Surveyor ”: 31 ° 49.50 ’ S, 130 ° 45.19 ’ E, 55 m, 13.05.2000, 3 females cl 17.3 – 20.6 mm (NMV J 52159); 31 ° 49.54 ’ S, 130 ° 41.54 ’ E, 14.05.2000, 1 male cl 13.1 mm, 1 female cl 14.0 mm (NMV J 52160).	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFD7F935C0C9876D6658FC26.taxon	description	Description. Entire body densely pubescent. Rostrum with 6 or 7 (excluding epigastric tooth) teeth on dorsal border and with distal tooth somewhat far from tip; shape similar in both sexes and slightly curved upwards with ventral border more or less convex, tip slightly recurved downwards but directed horizontally and with ventral margin more or less straight, tips of rostral teeth aligned in a concave or straight configuration; more or less extending to tip of second segment of antennular peduncle (generally longer in females); postrostral carina blunt and only extending to about middle of carapace. Pereiopods I to III with well-developed epipods. Pereiopod I bearing small ischial spine. Pereiopod IV in females with coxa medially expanded as long setose plate. Pereiopod V more or less extending to middle of scaphocerite. Abdomen with dorsal carinae distinct and elevated on somites II to VI; that on somite II short but sometimes highly laminate; somite III with dorsal carina distinct over entire length though dorsal carina at anterior 1 / 3 of somite lower and sometimes nearly leveled; ridges on somites IV and V posteriorly incised and not terminating in spines. Telson with weak and blunt dorsolateral carinae, bearing 3 pairs of movable lateral spines. Male petasma with lateral margins of stem distinctly converging distally; distolateral lobes with ventral margins more or less straight, tips of dorsal and ventral flaps coinciding, forming sharp angle. Female thelycum with anterior plate semi-triangular, surface protruding as pair of large ball-like swellings in large individuals; anterior margin of posterior plate distinctly concave, with median cleft. Coloration. Not known.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFD7F935C0C9876D6658FC26.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known with certainty only from Australia off Queensland and South Australia, at depths of 9 – 55 m.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFD7F935C0C9876D6658FC26.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The present new species is unique in the genus by large females having the coxae of the pereiopod IV medially expanded as long setose plates and the anterior plate of the thelycum strongly protruding as a pair of large ball-like swellings (Fig. 7 G). Other species of Trachysalambria generally have the surface of the anterior plate of the thelycum flattened or somewhat sunken, and at most sometimes with low submedian swellings (e. g., in T. longipes, P. palaestinensis and T. aspera). For the coxa of the pereiopod IV, it is never medially expanded in the other species of the genus. Dall (1957: 205) mentioned that his “ T. curvirostris ” material from Queensland in northeastern Australia has “ Coxae of 4 th legs with plate-like projection densely fringed with setae, ---- ”. However, no medially expanded plate is shown in the thelycum figure of Dall’s (1957: fig. 22 E) material. It may be possible that Dall’s (1957) “ T. curvirostris ” material contains more than one species as some small specimens from Keppel Bay in Queensland examined here (NMV J 16271) are tentatively identified to the present new species. These small specimens generally fit well the characteristics of T. crosnieri sp. nov. except the two females (cl only 10.3 and 11.5 mm) have the thelycum lacking ball-like swellings and the coxa of the pereiopod IV only slightly expanded medially. Other Australian reports of “ T. curvirostris ” (e. g., Schmitt 1926; Racek 1955; Racek & Dall 1965; Grey et al. 1983) seem not to refer to the present form. Re-examination of their material is necessary to determine the exact distribution of T. crosnieri sp. nov. in Australia. Although the thelycum of T. crosnieri sp. nov. is unique in the genus, its petasma is of the general shape in Trachysalambria (Fig. 7 D – F) and cannot be used as a distinguishing character. Nevertheless, T. crosnieri sp. nov. can also be separated from the other species of the genus in bearing fewer rostral teeth (Fig. 7 A, C) and the anterior part of the abdominal somite III bearing distinct (though sometimes nearly leveled) dorsal carina (Fig. 7 B). The fewer rostral teeth in T. crosnieri sp. nov. result in its rostrum being somewhat similar to that of T. curvirostris (Fig. 15 A, B). On the other hand, the downward recurved tip of the rostrum in the present new species also resembles the rostrum of T. nansei (Fig. 10 A, C – G). However, genetic analysis showed that T. crosnieri sp. nov. has very high sequence divergence to all the other species of Trachysalambria (> 21 % in 12 S rRNA gene though attempts in sequencing 16 S rRNA gene failed; Table 2, Fig. 21).	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFD7F935C0C9876D6658FC26.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after Alain Crosnier, who first discovered this new species and entrusted us to complete his work on the revision of Trachysalambria.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFD5F939C0C9804A604CFEF0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Israel. Haifa Bay: trawl, 15 – 20 m, 13.05.1997, 1 male cl 13.6 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7025), 2 males cl 12.7 – 13.3 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7023), 1 male cl 12.1 mm (MNHN IU- 2013 - 14466); 13 m, 12.08.2001, 1 male cl 11.6 mm, 3 females cl 13.5 – 17.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7022), 1 female cl 17.4 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7027), 1 female cl 19.6 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7026), 1 female cl 17.9 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7024). Lebanon. Beirut: 0 7.1975, 1 male cl 14.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7034); 1978, 1 male cl 13.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7028).	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFD5F939C0C9804A604CFEF0.taxon	description	Syria. Latakia fish market, 20.11.1987, 2 males cl 10.5 and 14.6 mm, 4 females cl 8.9 – 11.0 mm (NTOU M 01971, ex NFU). Malta. Mediterranean Marine Sorting Center, US SI. 2 program, stn 175, St. George’s Bay, 0 7.02. 1964, 4 males cl 10.4 – 12.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7035). Egypt. Sinai Peninsula, between Bardawil and El’Arish, 24 m, 31.08.1970, 1 female cl 13.2 mm (USNM 152549). Suez Canal. Cambridge Suez Canal Expedition, 1924, stn T 2, 1 female cl 12.5 mm, stn T 6, 1 male cl 6.7 mm (BMNH 1927.11.2.14 / 15). Great Bitter Lake, 03 – 05.1932, 2 males cl 14.5 mm and carapace damaged, 3 females cl 9.4 – 17.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7031). Timsah Lake, 03 – 05.1932, 1 female cl 15.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7032). Suez Gulf. Mission R. Ph. Dollfus: Mersa Thlemel, 18.04.1928, 1 male cl 12.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7030); stn 25, 12.01.1929, 1 female cl 13.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7029). Suez Bay and south extremity of canal, no specific date, 1 male cl 10.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7033). Red Sea. “ Akademik ”: stn 6, 16 ° 41.2 ’ N, 42 ° 26.8 E, 55.5 m, 0 1.03.2012, 1 female cl 13.4 mm (SMF); stn 9, 16 ° 53.8 ’ N, 42 ° 23.3 E, 32 m, 0 1.03.2012, 4 males cl 10.1 – 11.2 mm, 4 females cl 15.0 - 18.5 mm (SMF); stn 3, 16 ° 59.5 ’ N, 42 ° 20.9 E, 27 – 19 m, 29.06.2013, 1 male cl 8.9 mm (SMF); stn 14, 16 ° 53.1 ’ N, 42 ° 22.3 E, 60 – 65 m, 0 1.11.2014, 1 male cl 7.0 mm (SMF); stn 15, 16 ° 53.9 ’ N, 42 ° 27.7 E, 15 – 17 m, 0 1.11.2014, 1 female cl 9.7 mm (SMF); stn 19, 16 ° 45.4 ’ N, 42 ° 28.6 E, 28 – 30 m, 0 5.11.2014, 2 males cl 6.4 and 11.3 mm, 5 females cl 9.2 – 11.7 mm (SMF). Saudi Arabia. Persian Gulf, Dammam, Hasa District: 18.01.1971, 5 males cl 11.0 – 12.5 mm, 3 females cl 12.5 – 13.5 mm (USNM 216595); 0 9.03.1971, 30 males cl 6.5 – 12.3 mm, 19 females cl 8.0 – 16.2 mm (USNM 216597); 10.03.1971, 10 males cl 9.5 – 13.6 mm (USNM 216596). Tarut Bay, Hasa District, 13.08.1971, 2 females cl 6.3 and 8.5 mm (USNM 216599). Kuwait. Khor Al Sabiya, Kuwait Bay, 29 ° 22 ’ N, 47 ° 47 ’ E, 18.3 m, 27.02.1982, 1 male cl 9.8 mm (USNM 195269). No specific data, 3 females cl 16.7 – 22.2 mm (NTOU M 01972, ex NFU). Persian Gulf. No specific locality, 17.07.1985, 1 female cl 16.2 mm (BMNH). Gulf of Oman. No specific locality, 32.9 – 45.8 m, 1971, 1 female cl 16.3 mm (BMNH), 1 female cl 16.5 mm (BMNH). Description. Entire body densely pubescent. Rostrum with 6 – 9 (usually 8, excluding epigastric tooth) teeth on dorsal border and occasionally unarmed near tip; slightly to distinctly curved upwards in females, with ventral border convex, tip not recurved downwards and with ventral margin more or less straight, tips of rostral teeth aligned in a concave configuration; in males rostrum straight to slightly curving upwards, ventral border straight or convex, tip not recurved downwards, tips of rostral teeth more or less aligned in a straight line; generally extending to tip of antennular peduncle (generally longer in females and large individuals); postrostral carina high and sharp, but terminating at posterior 2 / 3 of carapace. Pereiopods I to III with well-developed epipods. Pereiopod I generally bearing small ischial spine, which occasionally absent. Pereiopod IV in females with coxa not particularly expanded medially. Pereiopod V generally extending to about middle of scaphocerite (longer in small individuals). Abdomen with dorsal carinae distinct and highly elevated on somites II to VI; that on somite II short but highly laminate; somite III only with dorsal carina at posterior 2 / 3 of somite; ridges on somites IV and V posteriorly incised and not terminating in distinct spines. Telson with sharp dorsolateral carinae, bearing 3 or 4 (usually 4) pairs of movable lateral spines. Male petasma with lateral margins of stem distinctly converging distally; distolateral lobes with ventral margins more or less straight, tips of dorsal and ventral flaps coinciding, forming sharp angle. Female thelycum with anterior plate semi-triangular to somewhat shaped like an inverted heart in large individuals, surface generally flattened to distinctly expanded laterally (hence making lateral margins rounded) in large individuals; anterior margin of posterior plate distinctly concave and with median cleft. Coloration. Body greyish brown, darker dorsally and paler laterally. Rostrum dark brown, somewhat whitish at distal 1 / 3. Eyes dark grey. Antennular and antennal flagella pale white to orangish red. Pereiopods pale white with some reddish brown patches. Pleopods pale white with lateral surfaces bearing white and reddish brown patches. Uropods dark brown, exopods white margined and endopods only with mesial margins whitish.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFD5F939C0C9804A604CFEF0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Eastern Mediterranean, Red Sea and western Arabian Sea including the Persian Gulf; at depths of 15 – 65 m.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFD5F939C0C9804A604CFEF0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Trachysalambria palaestinensis was generally considered as a synonym of T. curvirostris (e. g., Holthuis 1980; De Grave & Fransen 2011) but Sakaji & Hayashi (2003) are correct in determining it as a valid species. The dorsolateral carinae of the telson are very sharp in T. palaestinensis (Fig. 8 H, I) but always blunt in the other species of the genus (e. g., Fig. 17 K – L). Moreover, the thelycum of large females in this species has the lateral parts of the anterior plate distinctly expanded and thus having an inverted heart-shape (Fig. 8 G), which is quite different from the thelycum of other species of Trachysalambria. Nevertheless, the thelycum of small females is semi-triangular and similar to the general thelycum shape of the genus. There is also no significant difference in the shape of the petasma in this species (Fig. 8 D – F). The specific status of the present form is strongly supported by its high genetic divergence (> 7 % in both 12 S and 16 S rRNA genes; Tables 2, 3) from all the other congeneric species. Although the type specimen of T. palaestinensis from the eastern Mediterranean is no longer extant (see Sakaji & Hayashi 2003), the original description of the species given by Steinitz (1932), particularly the illustration of an inverted heart-shape thelycum (Steinitz 1932: fig. 2), fits generally well with the characteristics of the present material. Moreover, at present, only this species is found in the eastern Mediterranean. Therefore, we follow Sakaji & Hayashi (2003) in identifying material with sharp dorsolateral carinae on the telson as T. palaestinensis.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFD9F938C0C985246185F89F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Japan. Tosa Bay: 65 m, 23.05.1995, 7 males cl 11.5 – 12.8 mm, 3 females cl 13.2 – 19.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7000), 1 female cl 20.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6999); 55 m, 26.07.1995, 11 males cl 11.6 – 13.2 mm, 7 females cl 17.3 – 19.9 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 4997), 1 male cl 13.6 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7139), 1 female cl 20.3 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 4996); 55 m, 18.03.2008, 2 females cl 16.1 and 17.4 mm (NTOU M 01990). Egawa, Tanabe City, Kii Peninsula, 50 m, 0 3.10.1988, 6 females cl 12.2 – 20.8 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6998). Kochi City market, 0 7.10.1988, 2 females cl 20.5 and 23.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7001). Taiwan. Taiwan Strait, 11.09.1986, 1 male cl 14.8 mm, 7 females cl 19.4 – 24.5 mm (NTOU M 01996). Dasi fishing port, Yilan County: 10.02.1985, 1 female cl 17.6 mm (NTOU M 01991); 17.08.1989, 1 female cl 19.0 mm (NTOU M 01992); 28.09.2007, 1 female cl 26.5 mm (NTOU M 01993); 0 8.01.2008, 1 male cl 10.8 mm, 5 females cl 14.0 – 19.3 mm (NTOU M 01994); 10.01.2008, 11 females cl 15.4 – 22.0 mm (NTOU M 01995). No specific locality: 1 female cl 19.7 mm (NTOU M 01997); 1 female cl 17.8 mm (NTOU M 01998); about 1985, 2 females cl 24.4 and 24.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7002).	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFD9F938C0C985246185F89F.taxon	description	Philippines. MUSORSTOM III: stn CP 121, 12 ° 08 ’ N, 121 ° 18 ’ E, 73 – 84 m, 0 3.06.1985, 3 males cl 10.5 – 13.7 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7004), 1 female cl 22.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7003); stn CP 142, 11 ° 47 ’ N, 123 ° 02 ’ E, 26 – 27 m, 0 6.06.1985, 1 female cl 11.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7006). Australia. Western Australia: Port Hedland, 70 m, 25.01.1984, 6 males cl 13.5 – 15.2 mm, 5 females cl 12.5 – 23.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7018, ex. NTM). “ Southern Surveyor ”, Broome, L 25 transect, 16 ° 44.25 ’ S, 121 ° 01.54 ’ E, beam trawl, 109 – 112 m, 30.06.2007, 1 male cl 14.0 mm, 4 females cl 15.1 - 23.4 mm (NMV J 57493). “ Southern Surveyor ”, off Ningaloo South, 22 ° 04.28 ’ S, 113 ° 48.50 ’ E, trawl, 101 – 102 m, 0 9.12.2005, 1 males cl 13.5 mm (NMV J 54716). No specific locality: CSIRO cruise, “ Soela ”, stn 130, 0 6.1982, 5 males cl 13.2 – 16.0 mm, 17 females cl 12.5 – 22.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7019). SO 682, stn 128, 3 males cl 14.0 – 16.0 mm, 17 females cl 12.5 – 26.3 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7020). New Caledonia. LAGON: Belep Is., stn 37, 19 ° 19.7 ’ N, 163 ° 20.2 ’ E, 61 – 64 m, 21.06.1985, 1 male cl 10.5 mm, 3 females cl 16.0 – 17.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7008); stn 42, 19 ° 34.0 ’ S, 163 ° 37.7 ’ E, 43 m, 22.06.1985, 6 females cl 13.0 – 20.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7005). North lagoon: stn 67, 19 ° 34.5 ’ S, 161 ° 14.5 ’ E, 32 m, 0 5.12.1986, 1 female cl 15.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7009); stn DW 1070, 19 ° 54.4 ’ S, 163 ° 56.2 ’ E, 29 m, 23.10.1989, 1 male cl 11.8 mm, 1 female cl 12.8 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7007); stn DW 1076, 19 ° 52.3 ’ S, 163 ° 54.9 ’ E, 31 m, 23.10.1989, 1 male cl 9.3 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7017); stn DW 1090, 19 ° 47.7 ’ S, 163 ° 51.2 ’ E, 36 – 37 m, 24.10.1989, 1 male cl 10.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7013); stn DW 1194, 19 ° 29.5 ’ S, 163 ° 22.9 ’ E, 57 m, 0 1.11.1989, 2 males cl 8.3 and 9.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7012). Ouen Is., Prony Bay: stn DW 113, 22 ° 23 ’ S, 166 ° 48 ’ E, 32 m, 22.08.1984, 1 male cl 9.6 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7015); stn DW 234, 22 ° 32 ’ S, 166 ° 51 ’ E, 50 – 56 m, 23.10.1984, 1 female cl 12.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7010); stn DW 248, 22 ° 24 ’ S, 166 ° 47 ’ E, 42 – 47 m, 24.10.1984, 1 male cl 14.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7014). South lagoon, stn DW 332, 22 ° 34 ’ S, 166 ° 57 ’ E, 80 m, 28.11.1984, 1 male cl 11.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7011). North-West lagoon, stn DW 1024, 20 ° 5.5 ’ S, 163 ° 50.3 ’ E, 26 m, 0 3.05.1988, 1 female cl 10.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7016). Description. Entire body densely pubescent. Rostrum with 7 – 10 (usually 8 or 9, excluding epigastric tooth) teeth along entire dorsal border; distinctly curved upwards and “ S ” - shape in females, with ventral border markedly convex but tip strongly recurved downwards and directing horizontally or even ventrally (i. e., tip hook-like with ventral margin distinctly concave), tips of rostral teeth aligned in more or less concave configuration; in males rostrum rather horizontal and with ventral border slightly convex or straight, but tip also somewhat recurved downwards and with ventral margin more or less concave, tips of rostral teeth aligned in a straight or concave configuration; reaching from middle of second segment to tip of third segment of antennular peduncle (generally longer in larger individuals, mostly extending to middle of second antennular segment in males and to tip of second antennular segment in females); postrostral carina blunt and low, extending to near posterior carapace but sometimes rather indistinct in posterior half. Pereiopods I to III with well-developed epipods. Pereiopod I generally bearing small ischial spine, which sometimes obsolete or completely absent. Pereiopod IV in females with coxa not medially expanded. Pereiopod V more or less extending to tip of scaphocerite. Abdomen with dorsal carinae distinctly elevated on somites II to VI; that on somite II short but highly laminate in large individuals; somite III with dorsal carina distinct on posterior 2 / 3 of somite, anterior 1 / 3 of somite with dorsal carina generally absent or rudimentary; ridges on somites IV and V posteriorly incised and not terminating in sharp spine. Telson with strong but blunt dorsolateral carinae, bearing 3 or 4 movable lateral spines. Male petasma with lateral margins of stem distinctly converging distally; distolateral lobes with ventral margins more or less straight, tips of dorsal and ventral flaps coinciding, forming sharp angle. Female thelycum with anterior plate semi-triangular and generally sunken or flattened; anterior margin of posterior plate distinctly concave, with median cleft. Coloration. Body reddish pink and with lateral surfaces paler to somewhat pale white. Rostrum pinkish red with distal half pale white. Eyes dark brown. Antennular flagella pale white and antennal flagella reddish orange to pale pink. Pereiopods reddish pink with white patches. Pleopods reddish brown with lateral surfaces whitish. Abdomen with dorsal carinae on somites IV to VI pale white. Uropods reddish brown, exopods with lateral and distal margins whitish, endopods white margined except for basal parts.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFD9F938C0C985246185F89F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known with certainty in the western Pacific from Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, south to Australia and the New Caledonia; at depths of 26 – 112 m.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFD9F938C0C985246185F89F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Trachysalambria nansei is unique in the genus by the S-shaped female rostrum with the tip strongly hooked (Fig. 10 A, D-G), which is clearly illustrated in the holotype figure given in the original description (Sakaji and Hayashi 2003: fig. 7) as well as in the topotypic specimens examined (Fig. 10 A, E, F). Apart from the S-shape rostrum in females, howerer, T. nansei is rather similar to T. aspera and with some males of these two species almost identical because both have a straight rostrum. Nevertheless, the rostrum in the males of T. nansei has the tip more or less recurved downwards and with the tips of the rostral teeth aligned in a straight line (Fig. 10 C). In T. aspera males, the tip of the rostrum never recurves downwards (Fig. 12 D, E) and the rostral teeth often forms a crest (Fig. 12 E). The coloration of T. nansei (Fig. 19 F) is also similar to T. aspera (Fig. 20 A, B) but with the white markings on the body considerably paler. Thus, its coloration is actually most similar to T. parvispina sp. nov. (Fig. 19 D) and only with the lateral body and appendages more reddish. Molecular analysis confirms that T. nansei is genetically distinct from T. aspera (= 8.9 % and = 3.9 % divergences in 12 S and 16 S rRNA genes, respectively; Tables 2, 3). Of the material examined, specimens from Japan, Taiwan and the Philippines are essentially the same. Specimens from Australia and New Caledonia have a somewhat broader and shorter rostrum (Fig. 10 D, G vs. Fig. 10 A, C, E, F). Nevertheless, there is only a 2.6 % or less genetic divergence amongst the specimens from Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines and Australia (Tables 2, 3). Trachysalambria nansei appears to be restricted to the West Pacific and Australia. Nevertheless, whether such a restricted distribution is real will need to be confirmed as the exact identities of many specimens previously reported as “ T. curvirostris ” and “ T. aspera ” in the Indo-West Pacific are still uncertain. For example, the photographs of a mature female provided by Racek (1955: pl. 4 - figs. 2, 3) on “ T. curvirostris ” from New South Wales in Australia clearly showed the S-shape rostrum and therefore should belong to the present species. Likewise for some color photographs on the Japanese and Taiwanese specimens previously reported as “ T. curvirostris ” (Miyake 1982: pl. 4 - 4; Yu & Chan 1986: upper photographs in pp. 168 and 169). Although the specimens in these photographs cannot be located now, these specimens have the tip of the rostrum recurved downwards. Moreover, the more reddish body as well as white margined uropods indicate that these photographed specimens are not the true T. curvirostris, which has the body more or less with a greyish tint and the uropods are usually yellow margined (see “ Remarks ” under T. curvirostris).	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFDDF900C0C984CC6711FA09.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Taiwan. Budai fishing port, Chiayi County, 26.05.1985, 2 females cl 18.0 and 23.6 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6972). Donggang fishing port, Pingtung County: 21.10.1995, 1 male cl 18.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6971); 16.03.2002, 2 females cl 21.8 and 22.0 mm (NTOU M 02013); 15.12.2007, 1 female cl 18.5 mm (NTOU M 02014); no date, 1 female cl 23.1 mm (NTOU M 02015). No specific locality, 1 female cl 18.2 mm (NTOU M 02016). Philippines. MUSORSTOM III, stn CP 121, 12 ° 08 ’ N, 121 ° 18 ’ E, 73 – 84 m, 0 3.06.1985, 1 male cl 16.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6979). AURORA: stn CP 2653, 16 ° 06.5 ’ N, 121 ° 59.7 ’ E, 83 m, 20.05.2007, 3 females cl 12.8 – 15.7 mm (NTOU M 02017); stn CP 2763, 15 ° 52.0 ’ N, 121 ° 34.7 ’ E, 42 – 44 m, 0 4.06.2007, 1 female cl 16.0 mm (NTOU M 02018); stn CP 2764, 15 ° 51.0 ’ N, 121 ° 35.6 E, 47 – 45 m, 0 4.06.2007,1 female cl 18.6 mm (NTOU M 02019); no station data, 1 male cl 15.0 mm (NTOU M 01989).	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFDDF900C0C984CC6711FA09.taxon	description	Indonesia. ANAMBAS: stn EA-TT- 04, 02 ° 53.03 ’ N, 105 ° 50.55 ’ E, 31 – 24 m, 13.03.2002, 1 female cl 12.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6931); stn EA-TT- 06, 03 ° 15.31 ’ N, 106 ° 09.50 ’ E, 46 – 42 m, 14.03.2002, 3 males cl 11.0 – 12.0 mm, 4 females cl 13.2 – 16.9 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6969), 1 female cl 23.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6968); stn EA- TT- 08, 03 ° 56.01 ’ N, 107 ° 51.78 ’ E, 41 – 23 m, 18.03.2002, 1 female cl 11.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6970). Papua New Guinea. BIOPAPUA, stn CP 3702, 3 ° 57 ’ S, 144 ° 40 ’ E, 80 – 91 m, 0 1.10.2010, 1 male cl 9.7 mm (MNHN IU- 2011 - 2359). New Caledonia. LAGON: stn DW 765, 21 ° 13.85 ’ S, 165 ° 41.8 ’ E, 34 – 35 m, 0 8.01.1987, 1 female cl 10.7 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6978); stn 802, 21 ° 03.7 ’ S, 165 ° 28.3 ’ E, 40 – 41 m, 0 9.01.1987, 1 female cl 19.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6974); stn DW 811, 20 ° 59.4 ’ S, 165 ° 26.15 ’ E, 43 – 44 m, 10.01.1987, 1 male cl 9.7 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6977); stn CP 833, 20 ° 49.8 ’ S, 165 ° 17.7 ’ E, 52 – 70 m, 11.01.1987, 2 males cl 9.8 and 10.7 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6976), 1 male cl 12.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6975). India. Arabian Sea, “ Anton Bruun ”: stn 204 A, 20 ° 30 ’ N, 70 ° 54 ’ E, 33 m, 15.11.1963, 10 males cl 14.3 – 16.0 mm, 9 females cl 15.0 – 23.5 mm (USNM 288567); stn 212 A, 21 ° 29 ’ N, 69 ° 27 ’ E, 35 – 36 m, 16.11.1963, 4 males cl 12.5 – 16.5 mm, 9 females cl 12.7 – 19.3 mm (USNM 253367); stn 216 A, 21 ° 49 ’ N, 68 ° 55 ’ E, 50 – 52 m, 17.11.1963, 4 males cl 13.3 – 14.5 mm, 6 females cl 15.5 – 19.7 mm (USNM 288568). Iran. Gulf of Oman, “ Anton Bruun ”, stn 256 A, 26 ° 10 ’ N, 57 ° 02 ’ E, 55 – 64 m, 30.11.1963, 3 females cl 17.0 – 17.5 mm (USNM 288569). Gulf of Oman. No specific locality, 32.9 – 45.8 m, 1971, 4 females cl 22.0 – 23.0 mm (BMNH); 2 females cl 18.0 and 20.0 mm (BMNH). Persian Gulf. “ Akademik ” stn PG- 13 Ku, 29 ° 13.58 ’ N, 49 ° 53.95 ’ E, 41 m, 10.12.1991, 1 male cl 17.5 mm (SMF 29480); “ Akademik ” stn PG- 16 Ku, 28 ° 49.66 ’ N, 49 ° 48.50 ’ E, 51 m, 11.12.1991, 1 male cl 15.5 mm, 2 females cl 10.0 and about 20.0 mm (carapace damaged) (SMF 29484), 1 female cl 23.5 mm (SMF 29965); “ Akademik ” stn. PG- 22 Ku, 28 ° 56.49 ’ N, 49 ° 43.81 ’ E, 45 m, 14.12.1991, 1 male cl 17.5 mm, 2 females cl 20.0 and 26.0 mm (SMF 29493). Red Sea. John Murray Expedition, stn M. B. I, 26 m, 1 female cl 12.1 mm (BMHN 1937.12.7.92). Seychelles. REVES II: stn CH 15, 5 ° 33.3 ’ S, 56 ° 45 ’ E, 57 m, 0 4.09.1980, 1 male cl 14.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6984); stn CH 42, 4 ° 30.8 ’ S, 56 ° 08.8 ’ E, 52 m, 13.09.1980, 4 females cl 17.5 – 26.3 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6980); 1 female cl 26.6 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6981), 1 female cl 25.4 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6985); stn CH 58, 4 ° 10.9 ’ S, 54 ° 38.9 ’ E, 60 m, 19.09.1980, 1 female cl 22.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6982); stn CH 62, 4 ° 10 ’ S, 55 ° 25.4 ’ E, 68 m, 20.09.1980, 1 female cl 25.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6983), 1 female cl 24.7 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6986); stn CH 68, 60 – 65 m, 21.09.1980, 1 male cl 14.8 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6987). Madagascar. Fort Dauphin, 10.1958, 1 male cl 16.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6995). Pracel bank, 55 m, 0 6.1959, 2 males cl 13.5 and 14.0 mm, 1 female cl 17.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6991). Antongil Bay, 15 ° 38.8 ’ S, 49 ° 42.4 ’ E, 20 m, 0 2.04.1973, 4 males cl 12.0 – 14.8 mm, 11 females cl 13.0 – 20.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6992). NW coast, 13 ° 13.6 ’ S, 48 ° 25.2 ’ E, 32 m, 0 2.08.1973, 3 males cl 13.0 – 13.5 mm, 8 females cl 14.0 – 19.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6988). Ambaro Bay, 15 m, no date, 1 male cl 11.5 mm, 1 female cl 20.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6994). CREVETTIERE 1973: stn CH 77, 25 ° 02.7 ’ S, 47 ° 05.8 ’ E, 65 – 70 m, 0 4.03.1973, 13 males cl 13.5 – 17.0 mm, 11 females cl 15.0 – 20.8 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6993); stn CH 80, 25 ° 02.7 ’ S, 47 ° 05.7 ’ E, 65 – 70 m, 0 4.03.1973, 11 males cl about 9.0 mm (carapace damaged) to 18.0 mm, 13 females cl 5.8 – 22.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6990), 1 female cl 20.1 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6989). MIRIKY, stn CP 3203, 12 ° 35.92 ’ S, 48 ° 35.22 ’ E, 50 – 52 m, 29.06.2009, 1 female cl 14.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2010 - 321). ATIMO VATAE: stn DW 3536, 25 ° 19.9 ’ S, 47 ° 0.9 ’ E, 77 m, 0 2.05.2010, 1 female cl 15.3 mm (MNHN IU- 2010 - 2755); stn CP 3547, 25 ° 18 ’ S, 46 ° 40.3 ’ E, 69 – 70 m, 0 4.05.2010, 2 males cl 12.5 mm and carapace damaged, 2 females cl 10.6 and 15.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2010 - 2762); stn CP 3548, 25 ° 17.0 ’ S, 46 ° 34.1 ’ E, 63 – 66 m, 0 4.05.2010, 59 males cl 7.7 – 22.9 mm, 61 females cl 7.0 – 17.7 mm (MNHN IU- 2013 - 18281); stn CP 3570, 25 ° 06.6 ’ S, 47 ° 06.9 ’ E, 75 m, 0 8.05.2010, 1 male cl 17.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 8772); stn CP 3571, 25 ° 08.3 ’ S, 47 ° 09.1 ’ E, 77 m, 0 8.05.2010, 1 male cl 12.8 mm, 1 female cl 13.1 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 8773). Mozambique. Laurenco Marques Bay, 8 m, 10.1968, 1 male cl 14.5 mm, 1 female cl 21.5 mm (BMNH). Description. Entire body densely pubescent. Rostrum with 8 – 10 (usually 8 or 9, excluding epigastric tooth) teeth along entire dorsal border; moderately curved upwards to straight in adult females, with ventral border slightly convex to straight, tip straight or very slightly recurved downwards and with ventral margin more or less straight, tips of rostral teeth aligned in a concave or straight configuration; in males and juveniles rostrum straight to slightly curving downwards, ventral border from convex to straight or even concave, tip not recurved downwards, tips of rostral teeth aligned in a straight or crest configuration; extending to second segment of antennular peduncle (from proximal to distal ends, generally longer in large individuals); postrostral carina from blunt to sharp, extending to near posterior carapace but sometimes rather indistinct in posterior half. Pereiopods I to III with well-developed epipods. Pereiopod I generally bearing small ischial spine, which occasionally absent (more often in small individuals). Pereiopod IV in females with coxa not particularly expanded medially. Pereiopod V more or less extending to tip of scaphocerite. Abdomen with dorsal carinae distinct and elevated on somites II to VI; that on somite II short but sometimes highly laminate; somite III with distinct dorsal carina only at posterior 2 / 3 of somite, dorsal carina generally absent or rudimentary at anterior 1 / 3 of somite; ridges on somites IV and V posteriorly incised and not terminating in distinct spines. Telson with strong but blunt dorsolateral carinae, bearing 3 or 4 (usually 3) pairs of movable lateral spines. Male petasma with lateral margins of stem distinctly converging distally; distolateral lobes with ventral margins more or less straight, tips of dorsal and ventral flaps coinciding, forming sharp angle. Female thelycum with anterior plate semi-triangular, generally sunken or flattened; anterior margin of posterior plate distinctly concave, with median cleft. Coloration. Body pinkish red to pinkish orange, with lateral surfaces paler in color. Rostrum reddish with distal 1 / 3 whitish. Eyes black-brown. Antennular and antennal flagella pale white. Pereiopods pinkish white and often with yellowish patches. Pleopods pinkish to pinkish red, with lateral surfaces bearing whitish patches. Abdomen with dorsal carinae at somites III to VI whitish, somite II sometimes with a broad saddle-like red patch. Uropods reddish except basal parts pale white, distal and lateral margins of exopods and distal and mesial margins of endopods broadly white.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFDDF900C0C984CC6711FA09.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific and known with certainty from the Mozambique, Madagascar, Seychelles, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, India, Andaman Sea, Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, the Philippines, Taiwan, New Caledonia and Papua New Guinea; at depths of 8 to about 100 m.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFDDF900C0C984CC6711FA09.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although the types of T. aspera in the Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, are not available for examination, the description and figures provided of the types by Alcock (1905, 1906) clearly show that his “ Trachypenaeus asper ” is a Trachysalambria and has epipods on the anterior three pereiopods but the dorsal carinae on the abdominal somites IV and V lack posterior spines. Amongst those Trachysalambria species that fit the above characteristics, only females of the present form sometimes have the rostrum very straight as illustrated in the female type figured by Alcock (1906: fig. 28). Thus, we follow Sakaji & Hayashi (2003) in identifying the present form as Alcock’s (1905) species. Besides, Alcock’s (1905, 1906) original description and figures also agree well with the present form.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFE0F904C0C9826C67F2F8E9.taxon	description	in pp. 168 and 169. [= T. nansei] [Not] Trachypenaeus curvirostris. — Yu & Chan, 1986: 167 (in part), unnumbered lower photograph in p. 168. [= T. dentata sp. nov.]	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFE0F904C0C9826C67F2F8E9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Japan. Ariake Sea, Kyushu, 0 2.1983, 10 males cl 12.7 – 14.8 mm, 10 females cl 10.5 – 23.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7086). Supermarket in Tokushima, origin unknown: 0 5.1985, 3 females 23.0 – 28.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7083); 11.07.1985, 1 male cl 19.0 mm, 3 females cl 22.0 – 24.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7079), 1 female cl 24.4 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7080); 23.08.1985, 2 females cl 24.0 and 28.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7085). Tanabe Bay, Wakayama, 26 – 27.10.1986, 1 male cl 10.5 mm, 16 females cl 12.5 to 18.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7082). Egawa, Tanabe City, Kii Peninsula, 50 m, 0 3.10.1988, 5 males cl 10.5 – 13.2 mm, 22 females cl 10.5 – 26.3 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6932). Shirahama, 0 3.10.1988, 2 females cl 13.0 and 16.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7081). Tosa Bay, Kochi City market, 0 7.10.1988, 2 females cl 18.5 and 19.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7084). China. Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, 1 male cl 14.5 mm, 2 females cl 18.5 and 21.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7095, ex SMF). Yantai, Shandong: 07 – 08.1929, 2 males cl 12.0 and 12.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7098); 11.1930, 10 males cl 10.0 – 12.2 mm, 12 females cl 8.5 – 16.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7094). East China Sea, 30 ° N, 1 female cl 29.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7096). Amoy, 2 females cl 7.9 and 9.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7097). No specific data, 2 females cl 20.5 and 21.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7099)	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFE0F904C0C9826C67F2F8E9.taxon	description	Taiwan. Keelung fishing port, Keelung City: 0 7.05.1985, 1 male cl 17.1 mm, 1 female cl 22.2 mm (NTOU M 01935); 31.05.1986, 1 female cl 25.6 mm (NTOU M 01936); 10.02.1987, 13 males cl 10.4 - 18.5 mm (NTOU M 01937); 16.07.1988, 5 males cl 17.3 – 18.2 mm, 2 females cl 21.2 – 24.5 mm (NTOU M 01938). Dasi fishing port, Yilan County: 28.01.1985, 1 male cl 16.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7102); 0 7.07.1985, 6 females cl 19.4 – 27.9 mm (NTOU M 01939); 0 7.03.1987, 3 females cl 16.2 – 27.4 mm (NTOU M 01940); 10.03.1988, 3 females cl 20.7 – 24.1 mm (NTOU M 01941); 17.08.1989, 3 females cl 12.6 – 17.1 mm (NTOU M 01942); 23.09.1997, 2 males cl 11.9 and 12.3 mm (NTOU M 01943); 28.09.2007, 1 male cl 14.5 mm (NTOU M 01944), 1 female cl 22.7 mm (NTOU M 01945); 0 8.01.2008, 5 males cl 16.0 – 19.0 mm (NTOU M 01948), 1 male cl 14.7 mm, 1 female cl 18.8 mm (NTOU M 01949); 3 females cl 22.5 – 26.5 mm (NTOU M 01947), 1 female cl 26.2 mm (NTOU M 01946); 10.01.2008, 5 males cl 17.3 – 17.4 mm (NTOU M 01950), 3 females cl 26.2 – 29.9 mm (NTOU M 01951); 0 9.10.2011, 1 female cl 25.9 mm (NTOU M 01952). Jhuangwei, Yilan County, 40 m, 0 9.03.1987, 1 male cl 17.6 mm, 1 female cl 21.3 mm (NTOU M 01953). Nanfang-ao fishing port, Yilan County: 0 9.07.1984, 2 females cl 22.5 and 24.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7087); 27.10.1994, 1 male cl 17.1 mm, 1 female cl 14.1 mm (NTOU M 01954). Nanlaio, Hsihchu County, 18.09.1984, 1 male cl 16.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7101). Hsinchu County, 21.03.2001, 1 male cl 19.3 mm, 3 females cl 23.7 – 26.8 mm (NTOU M 01955). Miaoli County, 0 6.06.2002, 1 male cl 12.5 mm, 6 females cl 18.5 – 24.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7088). Wuci fishing port, Taichung City, 16.01.1995, 1 male cl 16.2 mm, 2 females cl 23.0 and 23.7 mm (NTOU M 01956). Budai fishing port, Chiayi County, 20.01.1995, 1 male cl 17.4 mm, 1 female cl 21.3 mm (NTOU M 01957). Singda fishing port, Kaohsiung County, 24.07.1984, 2 females cl 19.9 and 23.6 mm (NTOU M 01958). Kaohsiung County: 28.01.1975, 2 females cl 23.2 and 23.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7090); no specific date, 1 male cl 16.6 mm, 1 female cl 17.8 mm (NTOU M 01959); no specific date, 4 females cl 24.0 – 26.9 mm (NTOU M 01960). Donggang fishing port, Pingtung County, 16.03.2002, 1 male cl 14.6 mm (NTOU M 01961). Magong fishing port, Penghu County: 15.09.1996, 5 females cl 16.6 – 16.8 mm, 2 males cl 23.0 and 27.2 mm (NTOU M 01962); 12.04.2016, 3 females cl 23.3 – 25.8 mm (NTOU M 02020), 2 females cl 25.1 and 25.8 mm (NTOU M 02021). Penghu County, 10.10.1984, 3 females cl 25.3 – 28.3 mm (NTOU M 01963). No specific locality: 1985, 1 female cl 24.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7092); 1990, 3 females cl 22.0 – 26.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7091). No specific data: 2 males cl 10.5 and 17.0 mm, 4 females cl 11.8 – 22.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7089); 1 male cl 16.4 mm, 1 female cl 21.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7093); 2 females cl 22.0 and 24.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7100); 1 female cl 15.1 mm (NTOU M 01964); 1 male cl 16.9 mm, 2 females cl 20.3 and 21.0 mm (NTOU M 01965); 1 female cl 21.4 mm (NTOU M 01966); 10 females cl 20.9 – 28.2 mm (NTOU M 01967); 15 females cl 15.5 – 27.5 mm (NTOU M 01968). Vietnam. Phau thiet, 21.04.2009, 1 male cl 17.9 mm (NTOU M 01969). Description. Entire body densely pubescent. Rostrum with 4 – 8 (usually 6 or 7, excluding epigastric tooth) dorsal teeth and with tip usually unarmed; more or less curve upwards in females, tip not particularly recurved downwards, ventral border distinctly convex and ventral margin of tip straight or convex, tips of rostral teeth aligned in a straight (more often in small individuals) or concave configuration; in males rostrum rather horizontal, straight or slightly curved upwards, tip not recurved downwards, ventral border straight to convex, tips of rostral teeth more or less aligned in a straight line; reaching between tips of second and third segments of antennular peduncle; postrostral carina low but well-defined and extending to posterior carapace. Pereiopods I to III with welldeveloped epipods. Pereiopod I with ischial spine generally distinct but occasionally minute. Pereiopod IV in females with coxa not medially expanded. Pereiopod V extending to 1 / 3 – 3 / 4 length of scaphocerite, generally longer in males but never reaching tip of scaphocerite. Abdomen with low dorsal carinae on somites II to VI; that on somite II short; somite III with dorsal carina distinct on posterior 2 / 3 of somite, anterior 1 / 3 of somite generally without dorsal carina or occasionally bearing rudimentary dorsal carina; ridges on somites IV and V posteriorly incised and not terminating in spines. Telson with blunt dorsolateral carinae, bearing 3 or 4 pairs of movable lateral spines. Male petasma with lateral margins of stem distinctly converging distally; distolateral lobes with ventral margins more or less straight, tips of dorsal and ventral flaps coinciding, forming sharp angle. Female thelycum with anterior plate semi-triangular, generally sunken or flattened; anterior margin of posterior plate distinctly concave, with median cleft. Coloration. Body greyish blue to pinkish grey, color paler on lateral surfaces. Eyes dark grey. Antennular and antennal flagella reddish brown, sometimes paler in the former. Pereiopods pale white to pale pink with reddish brown patches. Pleopods pale pink to reddish brown with lateral surfaces bearing white patches. Uropods reddish brown to dark reddish brown with yellowish (occasionally pale whitish) margins except for basal 1 / 2 of inner margin of exopod and 2 / 3 lateral margin of endopod.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFE0F904C0C9826C67F2F8E9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known with certainty from the northwestern Pacific to the north of South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand from Japan, Korea, East China Sea, Taiwan, Vietnam and Thailand; at depths of 5 – 163 m and mostly less than 50 m (Kubo 1949; Sakaji & Hayashi 2003).	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFE0F904C0C9826C67F2F8E9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The present species, previously believed to have a very wide distribution, appears to be restricted to the northwestern Pacific from Japan to north of the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand. Nevertheless, this species has the northernmost distribution in the genus and can be found as far north as the cold waters of Hokkaido, Japan (Sakaji & Hayashi 2003). As demonstrated in this work as well as by Sakaji & Hayashi (2003), species of Trachysalambria are morphologically very similar and careful examination of the material reported from various localities is necessary to accurately determine the distribution of the species. Also, because of ambiguity and because the holotype of T. curvirostris from Shimoda was lost in the Great Chicago Fire (Evens 1967), a neotype from Tosa Bay was designated by Sakaji & Hayashi (2003) to fix its identity. Trachysalambria curvirostris is characterized by having generally fewer rostral teeth than other species and females with the rostrum curving upwards, postrostral carina extending to near posterior carapace, dorsal carinae on the abdomen rather weak and with those on somites VI and V not terminating in posterior spines, pereiopods I to III bearing epipods, pereiopod I generally bearing a distinct ischial spine and pereiopod V relatively short. Sakaji & Hayashi (2003) argued that T. curvirostris is distinct in the genus in having the rostrum bearing fewer teeth and an unarmed tip, as well as bearing distinct ischial spine on the pereiopod I. However, the tip of the rostrum may also be unarmed in T. albicoma (occasionally), T. palaestinensis (occasionally), T. nansei (sometimes) and T. crosnieri sp. nov. (often), likely due to these species generally have less rostral teeth. On the other hand, a few specimens of T. curvirostris with more rostral teeth have the tip of rostrum armed (Fig. 20 D). For the ischial spine on pereiopod I, it is true that this spine is often distinct in T. curvirostris. However, pereiopod I may also bears distinct ischial spines in some other Trachysalambria species (e. g., T. aspera, T. nansei, T. palaestinensis, etc.) and this spine is occasionally minute in T. curvirostris. Nevetheless, T. curvirost? ris can be easily separated from the other species of the genus by combining the above characters with its lower abdominal carinae but longer postrostral carina, as well as shorter pereiopod V. As mentioned by Sakai & Hayashi (2003), there are large variations in the coloration of this species, which can generally be grouped into two color forms, though intermediate color forms often present. One form with the body mainly greyish blue (Fig. 20 C) and the other with the body being greyish pink (Fig. 20 D). Both forms are common in Taiwan (also see Yu & Chan 1986) and molecular analysis on the two color forms in Taiwan reveals almost no genetic difference (= 0.3 % in the 12 S and 16 S rRNA genes) between them. It appears that species of Trachysalambria in the Indo-West Pacific have the body color also either pinkish or greyish (T. brevisuturae in the eastern Pacific seems to have very different coloration, Fig. 19 A, B). Only T. malaiana, T. palaestinensis and T. albicoma have greyish body while all other species (i. e., T. longipes, T. dentata sp. nov., T. parvispina sp. nov., T. nansei, T. aspera and T. starobogatovi, with coloration unknown for T. crosnieri sp. nov.) have the body pinkish. The greyish form of T. curvirostris is thus very similar to the coloration of T. malaiana, T. palaestinensis and T. albicoma. Nevertheless, the uropods seems to always have yellowish margins in T. malaiana and whitish margins in T. palaestinensis (Fig. 19 E) and T. albicoma (Fig. 20 E), but mainly yellowish and occasionally pale white in the greyish form of T. curvirostris (Fig. 20 C). The pink form of T. curvirostris has the abdomen with some greyish color and the uropods generally with yellowish margins (Fig. 20 D). In the other congeners with pinkish body color, there is no trace of grey color on the abdomen and the uropods are all white margined (Figs. 19 C, D, F, 20 A, B, F). Previous reports of T. curvirostris with the identification determined from their description, figures and / or photographs but without re-examination of material are those from Japan (e. g., Kishinouye 1900; De Man 1907; Kubo 1949; Hayashi 1986, 1992; Motoh 1999; Sakaji & Hayashi 2003), Korea (e. g., Kim 1977, 2012; Cha et al. 2001), Eastern China (Liu 1955), Taiwan (e. g., Yu & Chan 1986) and eastern Thailand (Chaitiamvong & Supongpan 1992). Although the records of T. curvirostris from Vietnam (e. g., Starobogatov 1972; Nguyen & Pham 1995) do not contain enough information for positive identification, the present material examined includes a specimen recently collected from a fishing port (Phau thiet) in Vietnam. Although T. curvirostris has often been reported from Australia and Sakaji & Hayashi (2003) also identified some Queensland material as this species, none of the Australian specimens examined, as well as the abundant material from the Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and New Caledonia in this study belong to T. curvirostris. As discussed under T. nansei, those “ T. curvirostris ” specimens reported by Racek (1955) from the New South Wales are actually referable to the former species. Those “ T. curvirostris ” from Queensland reported by Schmitt (1926) and Dall (1957) have the postrostral carina indistinct or only reaching to the middle of carapace; they are not true T. curvirostris though their exact identities are uncertain. The color photograph of a “ T. curvirostris ” female from New South Wales provided by Grey et al. (1983) shows a pinkish body without any greyish color and uropods not yellow margined. Furthermore, the rostrum of this female is quite straight and therefore it is not true T. curvirostris (see also “ Remarks ” under T. aspera). Other Australian reports of “ T. curvirostris ” (e. g., Racek & Dall 1925; Davie 2002) do not contain enough information to confirm their identifications. Therefore, whether T. curvirostris occurs as far south as Australia still needs to be verified. As discussed under T. aspera, the records of “ T. curvirostris ” from Red Sea by Ramadan (1938) and Singapore by Hall (1961, 1962) actually refer to T. aspera. As argued by Sakaji & Hayashi (2003), the photographs provided for “ T. curvirostris ” by Miyake (1982) from Japan are T. nansei while those in Yu & Chan (1986) contain a mixture of species including true T. curvirostris, T. nansei and T. dentata sp. nov. Reports of “ T. curvirostris ” by Liu & Zhong (1988) from the South China Sea, Kensley (1972) from South Africa, Ivanov & Hassan (1976 as T. aff. curvirostris) from Mozambique do not contain enough information for positive identification. On the other hand, the Mozambique material of “ T. curvirostris ” reported by de Freitas (1987) is not the present species since the postrostral carina does not reach the posterior end of the carapace. However, whether de Freitas’ (1987) material belonging to T. aspera or T. starobogatovi still needs to be determined (see also “ Remarks ” under T. starobogatovi). As none of the abundant material from the western Indian Ocean examined here belongs to T. curvirostris, the thelycum of a South African specimen of “ T. curvirostris ” illustrated in Pèrez Farfante & Kensley (1997: fig. 98) is highly unlikely the true T. curvirostris. Similarly, the exact identity of the Hong Kong specimen used for illustrating the petasma of “ T. curvirostris ” in Pèrez Farfante & Kensley (1997: fig. 97) is presently uncertain as quite a few Trachysalambria species may occur in Hong Kong and almost all the species of this genus have similar shaped petasma. It should be pointed out that many workers (e. g., Schmitt 1926; Kubo 1949; Sakaji & Hayashi 2003) considered the petasma figure of T. anchoralis (Bate, 1881) provided by Bate (1888: pl. 35 - 1 ”) as belonging to the present species. Nevertheless, the petasma of T. curvirostris has been found to be indistinguishable from most of the other species in Trachysalambria and re-examination of Bate’s (1888) specimen for the petasma figure is necessary to determine its true identity.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFE4F909C0C9831F607AFE19.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Japan. Tosa Bay: 15 m, 18.03.2008, 2 females cl 17.2 and 17.7 mm (NTOU M 01999); 25 m, 4 males cl 14.0 – 16.0 mm, 3 females cl 18.7 – 21.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7037), 1 female cl 22.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7038); 35 m, 4 males cl 16.5 – 18.5 mm, 6 females cl 23.5 – 27.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7042). Kochi Prefecture: Mimase Fish market, 0 6.12.1977, 2 males cl 13.0 and 14.0 mm, 2 females cl 17.2 and 17.8 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7041); 0 8.06.1980, 2 females cl 22.6 and 24.6 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7040, ex NFU); 20 – 40 m, 0 8.06.1990, 2 males cl 13.6 and 14.6 mm, 1 female cl 24.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7039, ex NFU). Taiwan. Dasi fishing port, Yilan County: 17.07.1984, 2 females cl 15.0 and 16.1 mm (NTOU M 02000); 0 7.07.1985, 1 female cl 17.7 mm (NTOU M 02001). Budai fishing port, Chiayi County: 26.05.1985, 5 females cl 14.0 – 15.6 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7036); 20.01.1995, 58 males cl 16.9 – 22.3 mm, 17 females cl 12.9 – 16.9 mm (NTOU M 02002). Kaohsiung County, no date, 1 male cl 16.3 mm, 1 females cl 15.1 mm (NTOU M 02003). Donggang fishing port, Pingtung County: 29.10.1988, 1 male cl 13.7 mm (NTOU M 02004); 21.10.1995, 1 male cl 10.5 mm (NTOU M 02005); 12.02.2000, 4 females cl 21.2 – 22.8 mm (NTOU M 02006), 3 females cl 20.5 – 22.5 mm (NTOU M 02007); 15.12.2007, 1 female cl 18.8 mm (NTOU M 02009); 14.08.2015, 1 female cl 18.2 mm (NTOU M 02008). No specific locality: 1 male cl 13.5 mm, 1 female cl 16.9 mm (NTOU M 02010); 5 males cl 10.0 – 12.7 mm, 18 females cl 10.7 – 17.9 mm (NTOU M 02011); 1 female cl 17.2 mm (NTOU M 02012).	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFE4F909C0C9831F607AFE19.taxon	description	Description. Carapace pubescent but abdomen less pubescent and sometimes even nearly naked. Rostrum with 6 – 9 (usually 7 or 8, excluding epigastric tooth) dorsal teeth that generally distributed rather evenly along dorsal border but occasionally unarmed near tip; slightly to distinctly curved upwards in females, tip not recurved downwards, ventral border straight to convex but ventral margin of tip always straight, tips of rostral teeth aligned in straight or concave configuration; in males rostrum rather horizontal straight, tip not recurved downwards, ventral border straight to convex, tips of rostral teeth more or less aligned in a straight line; generally extending to about tip of second segment of antennular peduncle; postrostral carina low and only extending to about middle of carapace. Pereiopods I to III with well-developed epipods. Pereiopod I with ischial spine minute or absent. Pereiopod IV in females with coxa not medially expanded. Pereiopod V reaching middle to tip of scaphocerite (generally longer in small individuals). Abdomen with low dorsal carinae on somites II to VI; that on somite II short, almost leveled, sometimes even indistinct; somite III only with dorsal carina at posterior 2 / 3 of somite; ridges on somites IV and V posteriorly incised and not terminating in spines. Telson with blunt dorsolateral carinae, bearing 3 or 4 pairs of movable lateral spines. Male petasma with lateral margins of stem distinctly converging distally; distolateral lobes with ventral margins more or less straight, tips of dorsal and ventral flaps coinciding, forming sharp angle. Female thelycum with anterior plate semi-triangular, generally sunken or flattened; anterior margin of posterior plate distinctly concave, with median cleft. Coloration. Body greyish pink, darker dorsally and paler laterally. Rostrum greyish brown to dark grey with tip plate white. Eyes black-brown. Antennular and antennal flagella whitish to pale white. Pereiopods pale white with pale pink patches. Pleopods pale brown with lateral surfaces bearing white patches. Uropods reddish brown distally and pinkish brown basally, outer margin of exopod and inner margin of endopod whitish.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFE4F909C0C9831F607AFE19.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northwestern Pacific; known with certainty only from Japan and Taiwan; at depths of 10 – 40 m.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFE4F909C0C9831F607AFE19.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Trachysalambria albicoma generally has less pubscence and weaker carinae on the body. The abdomen is sometimes nearly naked (more often in small individuals) in this species. Other species of Trachysalambria except T. brevisuturae have both the carapace and abdomen distinctly pubescent. The dorsal carina on the abdomen in T. albicoma is generally lowest amongst the Indo-West Pacific species of the genus, with that on the somite II almost leveled or indistinct (Fig. 16 C). Nevertheless, the eastern Pacific species T. brevisuturae is even less pubescent (even carapace sparsely pubescent) and ridged (both abdominal somites II and III lacking dorsal carinae) than T. albicoma. The less ridged body of T. albicoma shows some resemblance with T. starobogatovi on the other side of the Indo-West Pacific. Nevertheless, the two species can be readily separated from each other by the characters discussed under the “ Remarks ” of the latter species. There are also significant genetic differences between the two species (> 7 % sequence divergence in 12 S and 16 S rRNA genes, Tables 2, 3). Like T. starobogatovi, T. albicoma appears to have a rather restricted distribution. At present T. albicoma is only confirmed to occur in Japan and Taiwan. The report of this species from Gulf of Thailand still needs to be confirmed as the photograph provided by Chitiamvong & Supongpan (1992: pl. 48) is too unclear. Sakaji & Hayashi (2003) considered that the Queensland specimens reported by Schmitt (1926) as “ T. curvirostris ” may actually refer to the present species because Schmitt’s (1926) material has a short postrostral carina, longer pereiopods and 7 dorsal rostral teeth. However, as shown in the present work, these three characters alone are not enough for positive identification of the species in this genus. Re-examination of Schmitt’s (1926) Australian specimens is necessary to determine their exact identities. Sakaji & Hayashi (2003) also referred the “ T. curvirostris ” photograph of Yu & Chan (1986: 170, unumbered photograph) of a Taiwanese specimen with “ shinier (= shiner) carapace ” to T. albicoma. The specimen for this photograph could not be located for the present study, but the photograph clearly shows the antennal flagella being reddish brown and not the typical whitish color of the present species. Thus, it is highly likely that the photograph of Yu & Chan (1988) belongs to the greyish form of T. curvirostris instead of T. albicoma.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFE9F911C0C98669613DFCF8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Mozambique. “ Van Gogh ”, stn 401, 19 ° 03 ’ S, 36 ° 29 ’ E, 25 m, 27.05.1966, male holotype cl 14.2 mm (ZIN- 1 / 62559). South Africa. Natal, FISKOR Prawn Survey: stn K 234, off Tugela River, 25 – 38 m, 0 7.07.1964, 1 female cl 18.7 mm (SAM-A 16313); stn K 265, 0 3.08.1964, 2 males cl 10.5 and 11.3 mm (SAM-A 16311); stn K 388, Santa Lucia Bay, 18 m, 0 9.02.1965, 9 males cl 10.4 – 14.4 mm, 12 females cl 11.0 – 23.2 mm (SAM-A 16314); stn K 468, Santa Lucia Bay, 31 m, 14.06.1965, 2 males cl 11.5 and 12.0 mm (SAM-A 16312); stn K 470, 14.06.1065, 1 male cl 11.5 mm (SAM-A 13235). Tugela River mouth, 29 ° 22.36 ’ S, 31 ° 49.92 ’ E, 20 m, 28.05.2006, 1 female cl 16.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6967), 1 female cl 17.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6966).	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFE9F911C0C98669613DFCF8.taxon	description	Madagascar. CREVETTIERE 1973, stn CH 72, 25 ° 09 ’ S, 47 ° 14.2 ’ E, 80 – 85 m, 0 3.03.1973, 1 female cl 23.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6964). Antongil Bay, 15 ° 38.8 ’ S, 49 ° 42.4 ’ E, 20 m, 0 2.04.1973, 1 female cl 16.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6965). ATIMO VATAE: stn CP 3548, 25 ° 17.0 ’ S, 46 ° 34.1 ’ E, 63 – 66 m, 0 4.05.2010, 1 female cl 24.7 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 12063), 1 female cl 17.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 12064); stn CP 3549, 25 ° 16.9 ’ S, 46 ° 31.3 ’ E, 53 – 54 m, 0 4.05.2010, 1 male cl 10.7 mm, 2 females cl 14.3 and 15.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2010 - 2761), 1 female cl 24.7 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 12065); stn TP 19, 25 ° 04.4 ’ S, 46 ° 55.3 ’ E, 19 – 26 m, 12.05.2010, 1 male cl 14.4 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 8774). Description. Entire body densely pubescent. Rostrum with 7 – 10 (usually 8, excluding epigastric tooth) teeth along dorsal border; distinctly curved upwards and with tip slightly recurved downwards in females, ventral border markedly convex but ventral margin of tip concave, tips of rostral teeth aligned in a concave configuration; in males rostrum rather horizontal straight and tip slightly recurved downwards, ventral border convex but ventral margin of tip concave, tips of rostral teeth more or less aligned in a straight line; extending to about tip of second segment of antennular peduncle; postrostral carina low and extending to about middle of carapace. Pereiopods I to III with well-developed epipods. Pereiopod I generally bearing small ischial spine. Pereiopod IV in females with coxa not medially expanded. Pereiopod V reaching middle to nearly tip of scaphocerite. Abdomen with low dorsal carinae on somites II to VI; that on somite II short but obvious; dorsal carina only present on posterior 2 / 3 of somite III; carinae on somites IV and V posteriorly incised, not terminating in spines. Telson with dorsolateral carinae heavily ridged but blunt, bearing 3 pairs of movable lateral spines. Male petasma with lateral margins of stem distinctly converging distally; distolateral lobes with ventral margins more or less straight, tips of dorsal and ventral flaps coinciding, forming sharp angle. Female thelycum with anterior plate semi-triangular, generally sunken or flattened; anterior margin of posterior plate distinctly concave, with median cleft. Coloration. Body generally pinkish brown all over. Eyes blackish brown. Antennular flagella pinkish brown and antennal flagella whitish. Pereiopods pale pink to pale white, with some yellowish patches. Pleopods orangish brown. Uropods reddish brown except basal 1 / 4 pinkish brown, outer and distal margins of exopods and inner and distal margins of endopod whitish.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFE9F911C0C98669613DFCF8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southwestern Indian Ocean. Known with certainty from Mozambique, Madagascar and eastern coast of South Africa; at depths of 18 – 85 m.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFE9F911C0C98669613DFCF8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Trachysalambria starobogatovi is very poorly known and often overlooked in literature (e. g., Pèrez Farfante & Kensley 1999). Sakaji & Hayashi (2003) followed the original description of T. starobogatovi by Ivanov & Hassan (1976) in treating this species as having epipods only on pereiopods I and III. Re-examination of the holotype of T. starobogatovi reveals that there are actually epipods on the anterior three pereiopods in this species (Fig. 18) and therefore it belongs to the “ Trachysalambria curvirostris ” group. The shape of the genitalia and the posterior incisions of the abdominal dorsal carinae used by Ivanov & Hassan (1976) to separate T. starobogatovi from T. curvirostris are not useful. The petasma and thelycum of T. starobogatovi are both of the general shape of the genus (Fig. 17 F – J). The posterior incisions on the dorsal carinae of the abdominal somites IV and V in T. starobogatovi are actually not different from congeners that lack posterior spines on these two somites (Fig. 17 C, D). Nevertheless, T. starobogatovi is unique in the genus by having a short postrostral carina and weak abdominal dorsal carinae (Fig. 17 D), as well as the tip of rostrum recurved downwards (Fig. 17 A, B). The short postrostral carina and weak abdominal dorsal carinae of T. starobogatovi aligns it with T. albicoma. The latter species, however, has the rostrum more horizontal and with the tip not recurved downwards in both sexes (Fig. 16 A, B). In T. albicoma the carinae on the abdomen and telson are even weaker (Fig. 16 C, H) and with the dorsal carina on the abdominal somite II often indistinct. Moreover, the abdomen is nearly naked in T. albicoma but pubescent in T. starobogatovi. Other than with large genetic divergence (> 7 % in 12 S and 16 S rRNA genes, Tables 2, 3), the coloration of these two species is also different. Although both species have white antennal flagella and white margined uropods, the body of T. starobogatovi is generally pinkish including the rostrum (Fig. 20 F), while T. albicoma is generally greyish with the tip of rostrum pale white (Fig. 20 E). Trachysalambria crosnieri sp. nov.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
03818796FFE9F911C0C98669613DFCF8.taxon	description	Trachysalambria brevisuturae Rimapenaeus similis 1.0 Trachysalambria malaiana (Indonesia) 1.0 1.0 Trachysalambria malaiana (Philippines) 0.99 Megokris pescadoreenis Trachypenaeus anchoralis 1.0 1.0 Trachysalambria palaestinensis (Israel 1) Trachysalambria palaestinensis (Israel 2) 0.90 Trachysalambria starobogatovi (Madagascar 1) 1.0 Trachysalambria starobogatovi (Madagascar 2) Trachysalambria starobogatovi (Madagascar 3) Trachysalambria starobogatovi (South Africa) 1.0 Trachysalambria aspera (Madagascar 1) Trachysalambria aspera (Seychelles) Trachysalambria aspera (Indonesia) 1.0 Trachysalambria aspera (Taiwan 1) 1.0 0.98 Trachysalambria aspera (New Caledonia) Trachysalambria aspera (Taiwan 2) Trachysalambria aspera (Philippines) Trachysalambria aspera (Madagascar 2) Trachysalambria aspera (Madagascar 3) 0.98 0.73 Trachysalambria parvispina sp. nov. (Indonesia) 1.0 Trachysalambria parvispina sp. nov. (Seychelles) Trachysalambria parvispina sp. nov. (Fiji) 1.0 Trachysalambria dentata sp. nov. (Philippines 1) 0.91 Trachysalambria dentata sp. nov. (Philippines 3) 1.0 0.97 Trachysalambria dentata sp. nov. (Philippines 2) Trachysalambria dentata sp. nov. (Taiwan) 0.97 Trachysalambria nanesi (Taiwan 2) 0.57 Trachysalambria nanesi (Taiwan 1) 1.0 Trachysalambria nanesi (Philippines) Trachysalambria nanesi (Japan) 0.98 Trachysalambria nanesi (Australia) 0.99 1.0 Trachysalambria longipes (Seychelles) Trachysalambria longipes (Fiji) Trachysalambria curvirostris (Taiwan 1) Trachysalambria curvirostris (Taiwan 2, pink) 0.55 Trachysalambria curvirostris (Taiwan 3, grey) 0.99 Trachysalambria curvirostris (Taiwan 5, grey) Trachysalambria curvirostris (Taiwan 6) 1.0 Trachysalambria curvirostris (Taiwan 4, pink) 1.0 Trachysalambria curvirostris (Japan) 1.0 Trachysalambria albicoma (Japan) Trachysalambria albicoma (Taiwan) Metapenaeus ensis 0.06 malaiana, T. nan: T. nanesi, T. pal: T. palaestinensis, T. par: T. parvispina sp. nov., T. sta: T. starobogatovi, Meg: Megokris pescadoreenis, Met: Metapenaeus ensis, Rem: Remipenaeus similis, Tra: Trachypenaeus anchoralis. T. alb (2) T. asp (9) T. bre T. cro T. cur (7) T. đen (4) T. lon (2) T. mal (2) T. nan (5) T. pal (2) T. par (3) T. sta (4) Meg Met Rem alb (2) 0.0 0 8 asp (9) 0.126 - 0.136 0.000 - 0.020 bre 0.161 - 0.165 0.165 - 0.169 Nil cro 0.211 - 0.217 0.226 - 0.228 0.220 Nil cur (7) 0.065 - 0.087 0.112 - 0.128 0.146 - 0.152 0.211 - 0.213 0.000 - 0.016 đen (4) 0.112 - 0.118 0.085 - 0.098 0.159 - 0.161 0.226 - 0.234 0.091 - 0.104 0.000 - 0.010 lon (2) 0.122 - 0.130 0.102 - 0.114 0.150 - 0.152 0.226 - 0.230 0.116 - 0.120 0.100 - 0.104 0.006 mal (2) 0.110 - 0.120 0.122 - 0.130 0.144 - 0.146 0.217 0.110 - 0.114 0.116 - 0.124 0.128 - 0.132 0.002 nan (5) 0.112 - 0.118 0.089 - 0.102 0.148 - 0.161 0.234 - 0.236 0.110 - 0.118 0.071 - 0.077 0.098 - 0.112 0.120 - 0.128 0.000 - 0.026 pal (2) 0.120 0.132 - 0.136 0.179 0.244 0.126 - 0.128 0.112 - 0.118 0.140 - 0.142 0.122 - 0.124 0.126 - 0.130 0.000 par (3) 0.132 - 0.138 0.110 - 0.114 0.152 0.244 - 0.246 0.114 - 0.120 0.041 - 0.045 0.106 - 0.110 0.124 - 0.128 0.075 - 0.089 0.132 - 0.134 0.000 - 0.002 sta (4) 0.100 - 0.108 0.132 - 0.136 0.169 - 0.171 0.246 - 0.248 0.102 - 0.112 0.112 - 0.114 0.132 - 0.138 0.140 - 0.144 0.122 - 0.128 0.124 0.134 - 0.136 0.000 - 0.004 0.116 - 0.120 0.124 - 0.130 0.142 0.215 0.116 - 0.118 0.112 - 0.120 0.128 - 0.130 0.049 - 0.051 0.124 - 0.128 0.136 0.134 - 0.136 0.136 - 0.138 Nil 0.173 - 0.175 0.157 - 0.161 0.175 0.167 0.159 0.159 - 0.165 0.161 - 0.165 0.169 0.165 - 0.167 0.187 0.177 0.197 - 0.199 0.173 Nil 0.128 - 0.132 0.140 - 0.148 0.148 0.203 0.122 0.134 - 0.142 0.128 - 0.130 0.104 0.152 - 0.157 0.136 0.150 - 0.152 0.150 0.108 0.167 Nil 0.124 - 0.132 0.126 - 0.132 0.154 0.222 0.120 - 0.122 0.124 - 0.132 0.136 - 0.142 0.051 - 0.053 0.136 - 0.142 0.136 0.144 - 0.146 0.146 - 0.148 0.039 0.171 0.120 TABLE ³. Uncorrecteđ pairwise genetic đistance (p-đistance) baseđ on the mitochonđrial 16 S rRNA gene (467 bp) in Trachysalambria species anđ outgroups. Numbers in parentheses refers to number inđiviđuals sequenceđ. T. alb: Trachysalambria albicoma, T. asp: T. aspera, T. bre: T. brevisuturae, T. cro: T. crosnieri sp. nov., T. cur: T. curvirostris, T. đen: T. dentata sp. nov., T. lon: T. longipes, T.: T. malaiana, T. nan: T. nanesi, T. pal: T. palaestinensis, T. par: T. parvispina sp. nov., T. sta: T. starobogatovi, Meg: Megokris pescadoreenis, Met: Metapenaeus ensis, Rem: Remipenaeus similis,: Trachypenaeus anchoralis. Trachysalambria starobogatovi is also rather similar to T. palaestinensis but with the abdominal and telson carinae less developed or less sharp (Fig. 17 K, L). Furthermore, the rostrum is generally less curved and with the tip not recurved downwards in T. palaestinensis. The rostrum having a recurved downward tip in T. starobogatovi (Fig. 17 A, B) is somewhat similar to the rostrum of T. nansei (Fig. 10 A, C – G). Nevertheless, the rostrum is not distinctly S-shaped in T. starobogatovi and there are many differences between these two species (e. g., height of abdominal carinae, length of postrostral carina and pereiopod V, etc.). On the other hand, material of the highly variable species, T. aspera, from the western Indian Ocean often has lower abdominal carinae and with the postrostral carina failed to extend to posterior carapace. Although these T. aspera specimens closely resemble T. starobogatovi, they can still be distinguished from the present species by the tip of rostrum not curving downwards (Fig. 12 A, B, D, E) and having a longer pereiopod V (extending to tip of scaphocerite vs. failed to reach tip of scaphocerite). Genetic analysis confirms that T. starobogatovi is distinct from the other species of the genus (? 10 % sequence divergence in 12 S rRNA gene, Table 2). At present, T. starobogatovi is only confirmed to occur in the southwestern Indian Ocean from the eastern coast of South Africa to Mozambique and Madagascar. Although previous reports of “ T. curvirostris ” from these areas (e. g., Champion 1973; Kensley 1971; de Freitas 1987) likely represent T. starobogatovi, they do not contain enough information for confirmation. For example, the Mozambique material reported by de Freitas (1987) is clearly not T. curvirostris in having a short postrostral carina and white antennal flagella. However, it cannot be further determined if de Freitas’ (1987) material belongs to T. starobogatovi or T. aspera.	en	Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis, Chu, Ka Hou (2016): On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4150 (3): 201-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.1
