identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038187A36112FFAEFDA4FC9F7ADFFB1B.text	038187A36112FFAEFDA4FC9F7ADFFB1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidodasys laeviacus Lee & Chang 2011	<div><p>Lepidodasys laeviacus sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 2, 3)</p> <p>Type locality</p> <p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.485&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.672222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.485/lat 34.672222)">Miuda Beach</a>, Tsushima Island, Japan (34 ◦ 40 ′ 20 ′′ N, 129 ◦ 29 ′ 06 ′′ E).</p> <p>Type specimens</p> <p>Holotype (DBG1401) and eight paratypes (DBG1402–09), mounted in glycerine, 1 October 2009, leg. J.M. Lee and C.Y. Chang. Another two paratypes (NHM reg. nos. NHMUK 2010.1, 2010.2), mounted in glycerine, collection data same as in the holotype.</p> <p>Additional material examined</p> <p>Five specimens with the same collection data were mounted on an aluminium stub for observation on a scanning electron microscope.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Lepidodasys with strap-shaped body; dorsal cuticular armature with herring-bone pattern of scales; scales elongated oval, lacking longitudinal keel; adhesive tubes of four to seven TbA per side forming an arc, six to ten TbD arranged in zigzag in intestinal region, 9–14 TbL per side inserted in intestinal region, round caudum furnished with 8–12 TbP; testes paired, anterior end slightly exceeding middle of body.</p> <p>Description of the holotype</p> <p>Body (Figures 2A, B, 3A, B). Elongated, vermiform, vaulted dorsally, with indistinct head, Lt 550 µm long; a little swollen at posterior part of intestinal region, then gradually narrowing in caudal region; caudum with simple rounded end; pharynx 100 µm long, PhJIn at U19, pharyngeal pores not seen; widths of anterior head / pharyngeal region / trunk / caudal portion 28 / 40 / 50 / 26 µm at U02 / U16 / U63 / U95, respectively.</p> <p>Sensory hairs (ca. 6–9 µm long). Scattered sporadically on anterodorsal surface of head at U01–U03; numerous hairs (ca. 12–18 µm long) irregularly implanted on</p> <p>subdorsal, lateral and ventrolateral surfaces throughout almost whole body length (U06–U95).</p> <p>Cuticular armature (Figures 2C–F, 3E). Body densely covered with elongated oval or wholegrain-shaped scales dorsally, laterally and mid-ventrally; scales smooth, lacking longitudinal keel, with both ends a little protruded; 12–14 slender scales surrounding mouth opening. Dorsal scales 4–6 µm in diameter and 13–15 µm long in middle of trunk region; dorsal and lateral scales arranged in rather irregular herring-bone pattern. Ventral scales situated between ciliary bands, aligned in two columns showing zigzag pattern regularly, anterior ends of scales pointing outward, behind TbA to level of last pair of ventral cilia (at U03–U71); anterior scales small (3 × 7 µm), increasing in size toward end of ciliary bands (5 × 15 µm at U70); ventrolateral scales beside ciliary bands much narrower and elongated (ranging from 2 × 10 µm to 4 × 20 µm) than in scales between ciliary bands; caudum covered densely and irregularly with different size of scales, as in the case of dorsal and lateral scales.</p> <p>Ventral ciliation. Aligned in a pair of ciliary bands from just behind TbA (U03) to two thirds of trunk region (U71).</p> <p>Adhesive tubes. TbA of four or five tubes per side, ca. 5–7 µm long, forming an arc behind oral opening at U02–U05, of which three or four tubes gathered ventrally, rearmost one a little apart from others. TbD of nine tubes, ca. 14–18 µm long, irregularly arranged in intestinal region (U29–U84), beside median line; not paired, except for third pair. TbL of nine to ten tubes per side, ranging from 11 to 19 µm long, situated behind PhJIn to posterior trunk region at U23–U89, asymmetrically. TbP of eight tubes ranging ca. 9–16 µm long, inserted along round caudum unevenly.</p> <p>Reproductive apparatus. Five suboval eggs with different sizes situated dorsally in midintestinal region at U60–U78, of which the anteriormost is largest (ca. 23 × 46 µm) and well-developed, becoming smaller posteriorly. Testes paired, their anterior ends slightly exceeding middle of body (U47); vas deferens not visible. Accessory organs not observed.</p> <p>Measurements and variability</p> <p>Among 11 type specimens, only one was immature, 543 µm in length and 42 µm in width. The immature specimen showed two discrepancies from adults, that is, fewer dorsal and posterior adhesive tubes of three TbD and six TbP, respectively, and an absence of reproductive organs.</p> <p>Body lengths of 10 adult type specimens ranged from 515 to 675 µm (mean 573 µm, SD 43), maximum widths 51–71 µm (08U–13U), when mounted in glycerine.</p> <p>The number and arrangement of adhesive tubes were somewhat variable, ranging from four to seven TbA per side, 9–14 TbL per side, 7–10 TbD and 7–12 TbP, respectively. Six of 11 type specimens had paired TbD, implanted usually third to sixth, excluding first tube paired in the one specimen. One specimen had two pairs of TbD at fourth and fifth. TbL array was asymmetrical except in one specimen and several of their tubes were located on the ventrolateral trunk near the eggs.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The specific name, laeviacus, alludes to smooth (L. laevis) husk (L. acus), which is the characteristic shape of scales of the new species.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Since the genus Lepidodasys was first established by Remane (1926), only five species have been recorded: L. martini Remane, 1926, L. platyurus Remane, 1927, L. unicarenatus Balsamo, Fregni and Tongiorgi, 1994, L. arcolepis Clausen, 2004 and L. castoroides Clausen, 2004. Lepidodasys species have been grouped by two main criteria: whether the scales are arranged in herring-bone or parallel style, and whether the scales bear longitudinal keel(s) or not (Balsamo et al. 1994; Fregni et al. 1999; Clausen 2000, 2004).</p> <p>Lepidodasys laeviacus sp. nov. shares the herring-bone disposition of the scales with L. martini. In addition, the new species is closely similar to L. martini in the arrangements of the ventral scales between ciliary bands, the anterior adhesive tubes, and the (ventro-)lateral adhesive tubes.</p> <p>However, L. martini differs from L. laeviacus sp. nov. by the absence of the dorsal adhesive tubes in the trunk region (six to ten TbD in L. laeviacus sp. nov.). The decisive character discriminating the two species is the shape of scales, that is, smooth scales without any keel in L. laeviacus sp. nov., versus “unicarinated” scales in L. martini.</p> <p>Lepidodasys martini was originally described as bearing two longitudinal keels on the scales (Remane 1926). However, later this was corrected and reported as being furnished with only one keel following scanning electron microscopy by Fregni et al. (1999). Clausen (2000) also reported L. martini from Norway and Heligoland under differential interference contrast microscopy, which had “unicarinated” scales. Even in our new species, two faint longitudinal lines were sometimes observed under a light microscope at high magnification (see Figure 3F). However, as all the scales are evidently smooth without any longitudinal keel when seen in scanning electron micrographs (see Figure 3E), these lines may result from the inner rib(s) within the scale (not the real keels), or from traces of adherent between scales and body surface, under improper illumination.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038187A36112FFAEFDA4FC9F7ADFFB1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lee, Jimin;Chang, Cheon Young	Lee, Jimin, Chang, Cheon Young (2011): Two new species of the genus Lepidodasys (Gastrotricha, Lepidodasyidae) from Tsushima Island, Japan. Journal of Natural History 45 (13 - 14): 855-867, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2010.536266, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2010.536266
038187A3611EFFABFE5DFB737F45FC32.text	038187A3611EFFABFE5DFB737F45FC32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidodasys tsushimaensis Lee & Chang 2011	<div><p>Lepidodasys tsushimaensis sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 4, 5)</p> <p>Type locality</p> <p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.485&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.672222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.485/lat 34.672222)">Miuda Beach</a>, Tsushima Island, Japan (34 ◦ 40 ′ 20 ′′ N, 129 ◦ 29 ′ 06 ′′ E).</p> <p>Type specimens</p> <p>Holotype (DBG1501) and 11 paratypes (DBG1502–12), mounted in glycerine on H-S slides, 1 October 2009, leg. J.M. Lee and C.Y. Chang. Another two paratypes (NHM reg. nos. NHMUK 2010.3, 2010.4), mounted in glycerine, collection data same as in the holotype.</p> <p>Additional material examined</p> <p>Six specimens with the same collection data were mounted on an aluminium stub for scanning electronic microscopy.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Lepidodasys with strap-shaped, slender body, at least 650 µm long; body with almost parallel sides, narrowing to caudum; cuticular armature with numerous small wholegrain-shaped scales without keels, arranged in alternating rows; a pair of longitudinal ventral ciliary bands at U03–U88; three to five TbA per side, slightly forming an arc; six to nine TbD distributed along median line in intestinal region, 7–11 TbVL per side, restricted to pharyngeal region, TbL numbered up to 9–14 per side in intestinal region, 11–14 TbP along posterior margin of caudum; paired testes with different lengths; copulatory organ nearly pyriform.</p> <p>Description of the holotype</p> <p>Body (Figures 4A, B, 5A). Conspicuously slender and elongated, Lt 730 µm long, 35 µm in maximum width (05U) at U54; gently vaulted dorsally and flattened ventrally; body sides parallel to each other, then a little narrowing ahead of caudum; pharynx relatively short, 117 µm long, PhJIn at U16, pharyngeal pores not seen. Widths of mouth opening / PhJIn / trunk / caudal portion 15 / 32 / 34 / 21 µm at U04 / U16 / U53 / U97, respectively.</p> <p>Sensory hairs (ca. 2–3 µm long). Several implanted around mouth opening; numerous long hairs (ca. 11–14 µm long) arrayed in two longitudinal rows per side rather asymmetrically on dorso- and ventrolateral surfaces throughout nearly whole body length (U03–U97).</p> <p>Cuticular armature. Body ornamented with small, smooth wholegrain-shaped scales, each lacking a keel (Figure 5B); dorsal scales (ca. 2.5 × 6 µm) slightly larger than ventral ones (ca. 1.8 × 4 µm) between ciliary bands; dorsal surface armed with about 14–16 columns of scales in mid-trunk region; ventral scales between ciliary bands forming three to five columns in anterior intestinal region; all columns arranged somewhat in parallel.</p> <p>Ventral ciliation. Locomotor ciliation consists of a pair of narrow columns of numerous fine cilia from just behind anterior adhesive tubes (U03) to near seminal receptacle at U88 (Figure 4B).</p> <p>Adhesive tubes. Four TbA per side (ca. 6–7 µm long), forming a gentle arc behind oral opening at U02 (Figure 4D); nine TbD (ca. 12 µm long) arrayed in single row along median line, more or less evenly distributed in intestinal region from U35 to U83 (Figure 4A); eight or nine TbVL per side (ca. 8–10 µm long) restricted to pharyngeal region at U4–U17, somewhat evenly spread, last tube located just behind PhJIn at U17 (Figure 4B); 10–14 TbL (ca. 10–14 µm long) per side, asymmetrically arrayed in intestinal region at U25–U93 (Figure 4A); 12 TbP (ca. 7–8 µm long) forming an arc along posterior margin of narrow caudum, inserted a little ventrally (Figures 4E, 5E).</p> <p>Reproductive apparatus. Paired testes of slightly different lengths, reaching to middle of the intestinal region, at U54 and U57, respectively, not coiled, with anterior ends dilated. Vasa deferentia extending posteriorly to front of the seminal receptacle (U83), coming closer to each other at U80–U82, then divergent again posteriorly (Figure 4E). Seminal receptacle with vague boundary, located ahead of copulatory organ at U85–U88, containing several coiled spermatozoa (Figure 4E). Copulatory organ nearly pyriform with narrow posterior end (11 × 32 µm), located at U90–U95 (Figure 4E). Eggs not observed.</p> <p>Measurements and variability</p> <p>In total, 14 type specimens including three sub-adults were examined. The three subadult specimens were 475, 573 and 625 µm long and 31, 33 and 32 µm in maximum width, respectively. All three were similar in appearance to adults, except for having a smaller number of adhesive tubes, e.g. one or two TbA, one to six TbVL, 4–11 TbL per side asymmetrically, three or four TbD and six to ten TbP.</p> <p>Eleven adults mounted in glycerine ranged from 651 to 932 µm long (mean 804 µm, SD 83), and from 31 to 45 µm (04U–06U) in maximum width.</p> <p>TbL located typically in the intestinal region. However, in one paratype, a TbL was situated in the head region (at U01) on one side only.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The specific name tsushimaensis refers to the type locality of the new species, Tsushima Island, Japan.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Among the four congeneric species sharing the parallel pattern of scales, in contrast to the herring-bone orientation, L. tsushimaensis sp. nov. is closely allied with L. arcolepis Clausen from the Faroe Bank in the North Sea in having similar body appearance and round caudum with TbP. However, L. tsushimaensis sp. nov. is clearly distinguished from L. arcolepis by the smooth scales without keel, TbD arranged in a single row along the median line of the intestinal region and TbVL restricted in the pharyngeal region.</p> <p>Lepidodasys castoroides is similar to L. tsushimaensis sp. nov. in having smooth scales oriented in the parallel pattern, but it differs by the paired TbD (against a single row along median line in L. tsushimaensis sp. nov.), TbVL distributed in the intestinal region (against restricted in the pharyngeal region in L. tsushimaensis sp. nov.), and barrel-shaped copulatory organ (against pyriform in L. tsushimaensis sp. nov.). Furthermore, L. castoroides has a constricted body at the end of the trunk, like a “beaver tail”, with a flattened caudum (Clausen 2004).</p> <p>Lepidodasys platyurus, originally described as bearing two longitudinal keels (Remane 1927), was presumed to have a keel by Clausen (2004), as in the case of L. martini. In any case, L. platyurus is discernible from L. tsushimaensis sp. nov. with smooth scales. Moreover, L. platyurus is distinguished from the new species by semicircular caudum with 20 TbP (against narrow and round caudum with 11–14 TbP in L. tsushimaensis sp. nov.) and the absence of TbD (against those arranged in a column on the median line of trunk in L. tsushimaensis sp. nov.).</p> <p>Lepidodasys unicarenatus was insufficiently described with one photograph of dorsal scales with a keel on the head (see Balsamo et al. 1994; fig. 2A). Later, it was reported additionally from the Mediterranean (Todaro et al. 2001, 2003, 2008) but important characters of the species have not been clarified. Nonetheless, L. tsushimaensis sp. nov. appearently differs from this species by smooth scales without keel (versus scales each with a keel, as indicated in the specific name, unicarenatus).</p> <p>The two new species from Japan are evidently discernible from each other in the shape and arrangement of scales. Furthermore, they are distinguished by the body length: width ratio and the arrangements of TbA, TbVL and TbP.</p> <p>A key to the seven species currently recognized in the genus Lepidodasys Remane is presented as follows.</p> <p>A key to the species of genus Lepidodasys Remane</p> <p>1. Cuticular armature with herring-bone pattern of dorsal scales............. 2 Cuticular armature with parallel fashion of scales......................... 3</p> <p>2. With six to ten TbD................................... L. laeviacus sp. nov. Without TbD.................................................. L. martini</p> <p>3. Scales with keel(s)....................................................... 4 Scales smooth without keel.............................................. 6</p> <p>4. Caudum swollen.............................................. L. platyurus Caudum narrowing gradually............................................ 5</p> <p>5. Body very long (about 1 mm in length)......................... L. arcolepis Body a little short (about 0.5 mm in length)................. L. unicarenatus</p> <p>6. With six to nine TbD; TbVL restricted to the pharyngeal region.............................................................. L. tsushimaensis sp. nov. Without TbD; TbVL distributed in the trunk region.......... L. castoroides</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038187A3611EFFABFE5DFB737F45FC32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lee, Jimin;Chang, Cheon Young	Lee, Jimin, Chang, Cheon Young (2011): Two new species of the genus Lepidodasys (Gastrotricha, Lepidodasyidae) from Tsushima Island, Japan. Journal of Natural History 45 (13 - 14): 855-867, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2010.536266, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2010.536266
