taxonID	type	description	language	source
DE830EC800215B529F39DED3730E3CCE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Huicundomantis occurs in Eastern and Western Andean slopes and Inter-Andean valleys of southern and central Ecuador, and Eastern Andean slopes of northern Peru. They inhabit the following Natural Regions: Deciduous Costa Forest, Western Foothill Forest, Western Montane Forest, Paramo, Inter-Andean Shrub, Eastern Montane Forest, and Eastern Foothill Forest, between elevations of 230 and 4200 m a. s. l.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
DE830EC800215B529F39DED3730E3CCE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. We name this clade Huicundomantis because these frogs are frequently found inside bromeliad plants. Huicundo is a word in Quechua, an indigenous South American language, locally used to referring to bromeliads. Pristimantis phoxocephalus species group new taxon Definition. The P. phoxocephalus species group is strongly supported in our phylogeny. Members of this group share the following morphological traits: (i) dorsolateral folds absent (except for P. atratus); (ii) snout with a fleshy keel or papilla at the tip; (iii) cranial crests absent (except for P. atratus and P. percultus); (iv) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus prominent; (v) dentigerous processes of vomer present; (vi) males with vocal slits (except for P. versicolor); (vii) fingers and toes with lateral fringes; (viii) basal webbing between toes (except for P. balionotus and P. hampatusami); (ix) Toe V longer or much longer than Toe III (Fig. 7); (x) in life, groins and concealed surfaces of thighs with distinctive coloration, including flash colors and light or bright colored flecks or spots on a darker background; colors, shapes, and sizes of ornaments variable among species; (xi) SVL females 24.9 - 46.8 mm; SVL males 16.8 - 34.5 mm. Content. Currently, the P. phoxocephalus group comprises 17 described species (10 of them are described below): P. atillo sp. nov., P. atratus, P. balionotus, P. chomskyi sp. nov., P. gloria sp. nov., P. hampatusami, P. jimenezi sp. nov., P. lutzae sp. nov., P. multicolor sp. nov., P. percultus, P. phoxocephalus, P. teslai sp. nov., P. tinguichaca, P. torresi sp. nov., P. totoroi sp. nov., P. versicolor, P. verrucolatus sp. nov. Distribution. Eastern and Western Andean slopes and Inter-Andean valleys of central and southern Ecuador, in ten provinces: Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Loja, Morona Santiago, Tungurahua, and Zamora Chinchipe. They inhabit Deciduous Costa Forest, Western Foothill Forest, Western Montane Forest, Paramo, Inter-Andean Shrub, and Eastern Montane Forest Natural Regions, between 230 and 4100 m a. s. l. Remarks. The P. phoxocephalus species group is sister to the P. cryptomelas species group.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
23E6843DA14459C5B4E6D2DAD284E7DA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A member of the Pristimantis phoxocephalus group having the following combination of characters: (1) skin on dorsum shagreen with or without scattered small subconical tubercles; middorsal fold ill-defined or absent; head with a middorsal longitudinal row of two or more subconical tubercles; dorsolateral folds absent; skin on venter areolate; discoidal fold present or absent; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus prominent, its upper and posterior margin concealed by supratympanic fold; (3) snout moderately long, acuminate with a fleshy keel in dorsal view, protruding in profile; (4) upper eyelid with one or more small prominent subconical tubercles surrounded by lower tubercles; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous processes of vomers low to prominent, oblique, moderately separated, posteromedial to choanae; (6) males having vocal slits, external vocal sac and white nuptial pads; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs of digits expanded to broadly expanded, rounded to elliptical; (8) fingers with broad lateral fringes; (9) ulnar tubercles low and rounded, sometimes connected by an ill-defined fold; (10) heel bearing one subconical tubercle surrounded or not by smaller rounded tubercles; outer edge of tarsus bearing low subconical tubercles; inner edge with or without ill-defined tubercles, short inner tarsal fold present; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, elevated, five times the size of round outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary plantar tubercles numerous; (12) toes with lateral fringes, less conspicuous than those on fingers; basal webbing on feet (Fig. 7 A); Toe V longer or much longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches or exceeds distal edge of the penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V reaches or exceeds distal edge of the distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV); toe discs nearly as large as those on fingers; (13) in life, dorsal coloration varies from pale to dark brown; black or brown interorbital stripe, supratympanic stripe, and labial bars present; flanks with black dots and flecks arranged in a diagonal pattern, bordering light reticulations; groins, axils, concealed surfaces of thighs, and shanks orange; venter and throat cream to white; iris copper with a faint medial horizontal darker streak and black reticulations (Fig. 11); (14) average SVL in adult females: 31.3 + / - 2.3 mm (29.4 - 35.3 mm; n = 5); in adult males: 24.7 + / - 2.5 mm (17.5 - 28.1 mm; n = 29).	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
23E6843DA14459C5B4E6D2DAD284E7DA.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. Adult male (QCAZ 42500, SC 28232). Measurements (in mm): SVL 26.3; TL 12.0; FL 11.9; HL 8.9; HW 9.1; ED 2.6; TD 1.3; IOD 2.8; EW 2.4; IND 2.1; EN 2.7; TED 1.1. Head narrower than body, slightly wider than long; snout moderately long, acuminate with triangular fleshy keel in dorsal view, protruding in profile; nostrils slightly protuberant, directed laterally with slight dorsal inclination; canthus rostralis concave in dorsal view, rounded in cross section; loreal region slightly concave; cranial crests absent; upper eyelid bearing one small but distinct conical tubercle surrounded by few indistinct smaller tubercles; tympanic membrane and annulus prominent, its upper and posterior margins concealed by supratympanic fold; two enlarged conical postrictal tubercle surrounded by indistinct low tubercles. Choanae median, elliptical, non-concealed by palatal shelf of maxilla; dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, oblique, moderately separated, posteromedial to choanae; each vomer bearing several indistinct teeth; tongue slightly longer than wide, posteriorly notched, posterior two-thirds free; vocal slits slightly curved, located at posterior half of mouth floor in between tongue and margin of jaw; vocal sac present. Skin on dorsum shagreen; head with a row of two middorsal tubercles; dorsolateral folds absent; flanks with slightly larger tubercles than those on dorsum; skin on throat, chest, belly and ventral surfaces of thighs areolate; discoidal fold absent. Two distinct, low and round ulnar tubercles connected by an ill-defined fold; white nuptial pads present; palmar tubercles prominent, outer palmar tubercle bifid, slightly bigger than ovoid thenar tubercle; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded; distinct, low supernumerary tubercles at base of fingers; fingers with broad lateral fringes; Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs on fingers expanded and elliptical; ventral pads on fingers surrounded by circumferential grooves (Fig. 7 A). Hindlimbs slender; dorsal surfaces of hindlimbs with scattered low round tubercles; posterior surfaces of thighs smooth, ventral surfaces of thighs areolate; heel bearing one low conical tubercle surrounded by some lower rounded tubercles; outer edge of tarsus bearing low subconical tubercles; inner edge of tarsus with ill-defined tubercles; short inner tarsal fold present; inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, elevated, five times the size of circular, rounded, outer metatarsal tubercle; plantar surface with numerous indistinct supernumerary tubercles; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded; toes with broad lateral fringes; small basal webbing between toes; discs nearly as large as those on fingers; discs on toes expanded, elliptical; all toes having ventral pads and circumferential grooves; relative lengths of toes: I <II <III <V <IV; Toe V much longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reach distal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V reaches distal edge of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV; Fig. 7 A). Coloration of the holotype in preservative and life is shown in Figures 10, 11.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
23E6843DA14459C5B4E6D2DAD284E7DA.taxon	distribution	Distribution, natural history, and conservation status. This species is only known from the type locality, surroundings of Lagunas de Atillo, and nearby locations at Sangay National Park, between 3185 and 3730 m a. s. l (Fig. 1). This corresponds to the Eastern Montane Forest and Paramo biogeographic regions. Most individuals collected at night were found active on low vegetation, from ground level up to 1 m above the ground; an individual was collected from a bromeliad 2.5 m above the ground. During the day, they were found beneath rocks. Most collections were made on roadsides. Calling males have been found in March. According to available data, this species has a very restricted distribution (Extent of Occurrence 7 km 2, Area of Occupancy 16 km 2). However, less accessible adjacent areas in Sangay National Park are unexplored and represent potential distribution areas for this species. Therefore, we consider this species to be Data Deficient (IUCN 2017).	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
23E6843DA14459C5B4E6D2DAD284E7DA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the type locality of this species, the surroundings of Lagunas de Atillo, a lake complex in Sangay National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
E412B6355C165C5F8F76C11949A51BEA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A species of Pristimantis having the following combination of characters: (1) skin on dorsum shagreen, skin on flanks with large warts, skin on venter areolate to coarsely areolate; discoidal fold absent; dorsolateral folds absent; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus prominent, its upper and posterolateral margin concealed by thick supratympanic fold; (3) snout short, subacuminate in dorsal view, rounded in lateral view, with or without a small papilla at the tip; (4) upper eyelid lacking tubercles; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous processes of vomers low to prominent, oblique, moderately separated, posteromedial to choanae; (6) vocals slits, vocal sac and nuptial pads present in adult males; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs of digits expanded, rounded to elliptical; (8) fingers with lateral fringes; (9) ulnar tubercles low, diffuse; (10) heel bearing one small low rounded tubercle; inner edge of tarsus with or without a low tubercle or small fold; outer edge of tarsus with or without indistinct tubercles; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle elliptical, elevated, about 4 times the size of round outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary tubercles low; (12) toes with lateral fringes; basal webbing on feet; Toe V longer to much longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches or exceeds distal edge of the penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V reaches the middle to distal edge of the distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV); toe discs smaller than those on fingers (Fig. 7 B); (13) in life, dorsum dark brown to orange; head bears brown supratympanic and canthal stripes; groins, axils and concealed surfaces of hindlimbs dark chocolate brown suffused or not with orange, with or without small cream flecks; venter cream to dusty brown with or without dark markings; iris orange with a faint reddish brown medial horizontal streak and thin black reticulations (Fig. 13); (14) average SVL in adult males: 28.0 + / - 4.2 mm (24.0 - 32.4 mm; n = 3); females: unknown.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
E412B6355C165C5F8F76C11949A51BEA.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. An adult male (QCAZ 47515, SC 29227). Measurements (in mm): SVL 24.0; TL 12.0; FL 11.6; HL 8.8; HW 9.4; ED 2.9; TD 1.1; IOD 3.3; EW 2.6; IND 2.4; EN 2.4; TED 1.1. Head wider than long, narrower than body; snout subacuminate in dorsal view, rounded in profile, with a small papilla at the tip; cranial crests absent; nostrils slightly protuberant, directed anterolaterally; canthus rostralis slightly concave in dorsal view, rounded in cross section; loreal region concave; upper eyelid lacking tubercles; tympanic annulus prominent, its upper and posterolateral edge concealed by thick, heavy supratympanic fold; tympanic membrane distinct; two prominent postrictal tubercle not surrounded by smaller tubercles. Choanae median, ovoid, non-concealed by palatal shelf of maxilla; dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, oblique, moderately separated, positioned posteromedial to choanae; each vomer bearing several indistinct teeth; tongue slightly longer than wide, not notched, posterior half free; vocal slits slightly curved, positioned at posterior half of mouth floor in between tongue and margin of jaw; small vocal sac. Dorsal surfaces of body shagreen; dorsolateral folds absent; skin on flanks bearing low rounded warts; skin on chest and belly areolate, that on throat shagreen, ventral surfaces of limbs smooth, ventral surfaces of thighs coarsely areolate; discoidal fold absent. Diffuse ulnar tubercles; nuptial pads present; outer palmar tubercle bifid, as large as ovoid thenar tubercle; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded; large supernumerary tubercles at base of fingers, distinct; fingers bearing lateral fringes; Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs on fingers expanded and rounded; pads on fingers surrounded by circumferential grooves on all fingers (Fig. 7 B). Hindlimbs slender; dorsal surfaces of hindlimbs shagreen; posterior surfaces of thighs smooth, ventral surfaces of thighs coarsely areolate; heel bearing one low and rounded tubercle; outer and inner edge of tarsus lacking tubercles; inner metatarsal tubercle elliptical, elevated, 4 times the size of oval outer metatarsal tubercle; plantar surface with small, low and rounded supernumerary tubercles; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded; toes bearing lateral fringes; basal webbing between toes III and IV, and IV and V; discs on toes smaller than those on fingers, expanded and rounded; all toes having pads surrounded by circumferential grooves; relative lengths of toes: I <II <III <V <IV; Toe V longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches the distal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V reaches the distal edge of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV; Fig. 7 B). Coloration of the holotype in life and preservative is shown in Figures 10 A, 13 A. Coloration of holotype in preservative. Dorsal surfaces of body and flanks cream covered by minute brown spots evenly distributed; brown supratympanic and canthal stripes; groins, anterior, and posterior surfaces of thighs, shanks and tarsus brown; venter, belly and throat cream suffused with dusty brown irregular spots; belly with dark brown blotches (this pattern does not correspond with coloration in life, probably effect of preservation); ventral surfaces of limbs dusty cream; ventral surfaces of fingers and toes cream (Fig. 10 B). Coloration of holotype in life. Based on studio photographs. Dorsal surfaces of body and flanks orange-hued brown covered by minute chocolate brown spots evenly distributed; brown supratympanic and canthal stripes; groins, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs, shanks and tarsus chocolate brown; venter yellowish cream covered by chocolate brown spots coinciding with areolation pattern; throat orange suffused with brown; ventral surfaces of thighs, shanks, and tarsus reddish orange suffused with brown; plantar and palmar surfaces orange; iris orange with a faint reddish brown medial horizontal streak and thin black reticulations (Fig. 13 A).	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
E412B6355C165C5F8F76C11949A51BEA.taxon	distribution	Distribution, natural history, and conservation status. This species is only known from the type locality, Tapichalaca Reserve, Zamora Chinchipe Province, Ecuador at 3366 m a. s. l (Fig. 1), which corresponds to the Paramo biogeographic region. All individuals were found at night inside bromeliads, mostly of the genus Puya. Tapichalaca Reserve is adjacent to Podocarpus National Park (northward) and Yacuri National Park (southward). Both areas are unexplored and represent potential habitats for this species. Therefore, we assign P. chomskyi to the Data Deficient Red List Category (IUCN 2017).	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
E412B6355C165C5F8F76C11949A51BEA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in the genitive case and is a patronym for Noam Chomsky, US born theoretical linguist and one of the most cited modern scholars. Chomsky is the founder of modern linguistics. He developed the concept of " universal grammar, " an innate cognitive capacity, shared by all humans, which allows to learn and communicate through complex speech. Chomsky was professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology between 1950 and 2017. He is currently professor at Arizona State University.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
0F786388E489523FB2AA9523676E4325.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A species of Pristimantis having the following combination of characters: (1) skin on dorsum tuberculate to warty; tubercles and warts are more prominent in posterior dorsum; middorsal fold present; dorsolateral folds absent; skin on flanks bears large warts and more prominent tubercles than those on dorsum; skin on venter coarsely areolate; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus prominent, its upper and posterolateral margin concealed by supratympanic fold; (3) snout moderately long, subacuminate in dorsal view, rounded in profile; with or without a small papilla at the tip; (4) upper eyelid without conspicuous tubercles; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous processes of vomers low to prominent, oblique, moderately separated, posteromedial to choanae; (6) vocal slits, vocal sac and nuptial pads present in adult males; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs of digits expanded, truncate to elliptical; (8) fingers with broad lateral fringes; (9) indistinct ulnar tubercles; (10) heel bearing a low rounded tubercle, surrounded by several smaller; outer edge of tarsus bearing inconspicuous tubercles; inner edge of tarsus bearing a medium to long fold followed by small tubercles; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, elevated, six times the size of round outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary tubercles low, numerous; (12) toes with broad lateral fringes; basal webbing present; Toe V longer to much longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches or exceeds distal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V reaches middle to distal edge of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV); discs on toes smaller than those on fingers, truncate to elliptical (Fig. 7 C); (13) in life, dorsum light to dark brown with or without shades of cream, yellow or orange; groins and concealed surfaces of thighs brown, creamish brown, pinkish brown, or purplish brown with irregular cream to brown flecks or spots; background color looks like thin reticulations when flecking is dense; ventral surfaces of body cream to brownish cream; iris cream to light silver bearing wide black reticulations and a red medial streak (Fig. 16); (14) average SVL in adult females: 30.1 + / - 3.0 mm (26.7 - 35.8 mm; n = 15); in adult males: 21.7 + / - 2.3 mm (16.8 - 24.7 mm; n = 24).	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
0F786388E489523FB2AA9523676E4325.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. An adult female (QCAZ 57201). Measurements (in mm): SVL 35.8; TL 15.6; FL 16.5; HL 12.4; HW 13.5; ED 3.6; TD 1.8; IOD 3.5; EW 3.0; IND 2.5; EN 3.5; TED 1.7. Head wider than long, slightly narrower than body; snout moderately long, subacuminate in dorsal view, rounded in profile; cranial crests absent; nostrils slightly protuberant, narrow, directed anterolaterally; canthus rostralis slightly concave in dorsal view, angular in cross section; loreal region slightly concave; upper eyelid with indistinct tubercles, smaller than those on dorsum; tympanic annulus prominent, upper and posterolateral edge concealed by supratympanic fold; tympanic membrane distinct; two large, low and rounded postrictal tubercles surrounded by smaller tubercles. Choanae median, ovoid, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxillae; dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, large, oblique, moderately separated, positioned posteromedial to choanae; each vomer bearing several teeth; tongue slightly longer than wide, posteriorly notched, posterior half free. Dorsal surfaces of body tuberculate, dorsum bearing median low rounded tubercles and scattered warts, more prominent posteriorly; skin on head shagreen; middorsal fold present; dorsolateral folds absent; skin on flanks bearing more prominent and larger tubercles and warts than dorsum; skin on chest and belly coarsely areolate, that on throat shagreen; discoidal fold present; ventral surfaces of limbs smooth, ventral surfaces of thighs coarsely areolate. Ulnar tubercles indistinct except for low antebrachial tubercle; outer palmar tubercle bifid, twice the size of ovoid thenar tubercle; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded; median low supernumerary tubercles at base of fingers and palms; fingers bearing broad lateral fringes; Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs on fingers expanded and truncate; pads on fingers surrounded by circumferential grooves on all fingers (Fig. 7 C). Dorsal surfaces of hindlimbs shagreen with scattered tubercles; posterior surfaces of thighs smooth, ventral surfaces of thighs coarsely areolate; heel bearing a median, low and rounded tubercle surrounded by indistinct ones; outer edge of tarsus bearing indistinct tubercles; inner edge of tarsus bearing a median fold ending in a row of small tubercles; inner metatarsal tubercle elevated, ovoid, six times the size of round outer metatarsal tubercle; plantar surface with several small, indistinct supernumerary tubercles; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded; toes bearing broad lateral fringes; basal webbing between toes IV and V present; discs on toes smaller than those on fingers, expanded, elliptical; all toes having pads surrounded by circumferential grooves; relative lengths of toes: I <II <III <V <IV; Toe V longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches distal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V reaches the middle of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV; Fig. 7 C). Color of holotype in life and preservative is shown in Figures 15 A, 16 A, respectively.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
0F786388E489523FB2AA9523676E4325.taxon	distribution	Distribution, natural history, and conservation status. Pristimantis gloria is known from Inter-Andean Shrub and Paramo regions in Azuay, Loja, and Morona Santiago Provinces, between 2460 and 3525 m a. s. l. (Fig. 1). Most individuals were found underneath rocks in paramos or pastures near the roadside, during day or night. Two couples in amplexus were found underneath rocks at night in April. A calling male was found in low vegetation at 19 h 00 on October 16, 2013. We consider P. gloria as an Endangered species following B 1 ab (iii) + 2 ab (iii) IUCN criteria because: (i) it is only known from five localities (sensu IUCN 2017) in non-protected areas, partly affected by human settlements, agriculture and cattle raising; (ii) its Extent of Occurrence is estimated to be less than 5000 km 2 (617 km 2); and (iii) its Area of Occupancy <500 km 2 (44 km 2).	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
0F786388E489523FB2AA9523676E4325.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym for Gloria Lorena Rosales Narvaez and Gloria Maria Esmeralda Narvaez, mother and grandmother of the leading author. This species is named after them in gratitude for all their love and support.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
B6C0F4D3E44658619F71535AF5B232CB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A member of the Pristimantis phoxocephalus group characterized by the following combination of characters: (1) skin on dorsum shagreen with or without scattered small subconical tubercles; faint middorsal fold; dorsolateral folds absent; thin lateral folds on anterior half of flanks; skin on venter areolate; discoidal fold absent; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus prominent, its upper and posterior margin concealed by supratympanic fold; (3) snout moderately long, acuminate with a fleshy keel in dorsal view, protruding in profile; (4) upper eyelid with small, distinct tubercles; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous processes of vomers low to prominent, oblique, moderately separated, posteromedial to choanae; (6) males bearing vocal slits and vocal sac, with white nuptial pads; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs of digits expanded to broadly expanded, elliptical to truncate; (8) fingers with broad lateral fringes; (9) ulnar tubercles low or absent; (10) heel bearing one medium subconical tubercle surrounded or not by lower tubercles; outer edge of tarsus bearing low subconical tubercles; inner edge with or without low tubercles, short inner tarsal fold present; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, elevated, three times the size of elliptical, elevated outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary tubercles indistinct; (12) toes with broad lateral fringes; basal webbing present; Toe V longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches or exceeds the proximal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV; disc on Toe V reaches or exceeds the proximal edge of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV); toe discs slightly smaller than those on fingers, elliptical to truncate (Fig. 7 D); (13) in life, dorsal background light to dark brown with a scapular W-shaped marking and an interorbital stripe; groins and posterior surfaces of thighs salmon, pinkish brown, purplish brown or dark brown with small light brown to yellow spots; venter cream; iris reddish copper with black reticulations with a red medial streak to completely red (Fig. 18); (14) average SVL in adult females: 35.0 + / - 2.1 mm (30.9 - 37.4 mm; n = 9); in adult males: 25.5 + / - 1.6 mm (21.9 - 27.1 mm; n = 12).	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
B6C0F4D3E44658619F71535AF5B232CB.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. An adult male (QCAZ 45170, SC 29041). Measurements (in mm): SVL 24.1; TL 12.7; FL 11.0; HL 8.2; HW 8.5; ED 2.8; TD 1.4; IOD 2.7; EW 2.5; IND 2.2; EN 2.6; TED 1.0. Body slender; head as wide as body, slightly wider than long; snout moderately long, acuminate with a vertical fleshy keel in dorsal view, protruding in profile; nostrils slightly protuberant, ovoid, directed laterally with slight dorsal inclination; canthus rostralis concave in dorsal view, angular in cross section; loreal region slightly concave, bearing small tubercles; upper eyelid bearing small distinct tubercles; cranial crests absent; tympanic membrane and annulus prominent with upper and posterior margins concealed by supratympanic fold; two medium-sized, rounded postrictal tubercles surrounded by smaller tubercles outlining supratympanic stripe. Choanae large, circular, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxilla; dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, oblique, moderately separated, posteromedial to choanae; each vomer bearing several indistinct teeth; tongue slightly wider than long, posterior border notched, posterior half free; vocal slits slightly curved, located at posterior half of mouth floor in between tongue and margin of jaw; vocal sac present. Skin on dorsum and flanks shagreen; faint middorsal fold; row of three small middorsal tubercles on head; dorsolateral folds absent; thin lateral folds on anterior half of the flanks; skin on throat, chest, belly and ventral surfaces of thighs areolate; discoidal fold absent. One low round ulnar tubercle; white nuptial pads present; palmar tubercles prominent, outer palmar tubercle bifid, slightly bigger than ovoid thenar tubercle; subarticular tubercles distinct, rounded; low supernumerary tubercles at base of fingers; fingers with broad lateral fringes extended to outer edge of the palm; Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs on fingers expanded and elliptical; ventral pads on fingers surrounded by circumferential grooves (Fig. 7 D). Hindlimbs slender; dorsal surfaces of hindlimbs with scattered low tubercles; posterior surfaces of thighs smooth, ventral surfaces of thighs areolate; heel bearing one medium prominent subconical tubercle surrounded by few lower rounded tubercles; outer edge of tarsus bearing low subconical tubercles; short inner tarsal fold present; inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, elevated, three times the size of elliptical, rounded outer metatarsal tubercle; plantar surface with indistinct supernumerary tubercles; subarticular tubercles distinct, rounded; toes with broad lateral fringes; basal webbing present; discs smaller than those on fingers, wider on Toe IV and V; discs on toes expanded, elliptical; all toes having ventral pads and circumferential grooves; relative lengths of toes: I <II <III <V <IV; Toe V longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III exceeds proximal edge of the distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V exceeds proximal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV; Fig. 7). Coloration of the holotype in life and preservative is shown in Figures 15 B, 18 A. Coloration of holotype in preservative. Dorsum grayish light brown with cream markings including an irregular W-shaped scapular mark and irregular reticulations; middorsal black stripe; head with interorbital stripe; faint canthal and labial bars; dark brown supratympanic stripe; flanks with the same background color as dorsum; flanks, groins, anterior, and posterior surfaces of thighs with cream medium-sized spots and cream oblique reticulations; background color of groins, anterior, and posterior surfaces of thighs lighter than dorsum; venter cream with scattered minute brown flecks on belly and brown midventral stripe (Fig. 15 B). Coloration of holotype in life. Based on studio photographs. Dorsum light brown with cream markings including an irregular W-shaped scapular mark and irregular reticulations; head with interorbital stripe; faint gray canthal stripes and thin labial bars; black supratympanic stripe; flanks, groins, anterior, and posterior surfaces of thighs with yellow medium-sized spots and cream oblique reticulations; background color on groins and posterior surfaces of thighs purplish brown; ventral surfaces of limbs and chest pinkish cream; vocal sac yellowish cream; venter pinkish cream suffused with white; iris copper with thin black reticulations; light-blue sclera (Fig. 18 A).	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
B6C0F4D3E44658619F71535AF5B232CB.taxon	distribution	Distribution, natural history, and conservation status. This species is known from Western Andean slopes of Azuay Province between elevations of 1800 and 2900 m (Fig. 1); this corresponds to the Western Montane Forest region. Individuals of this species inhabit primary and secondary forest. Specimens were found at afternoon and night on low vegetation up to 1.5 m above the ground and inside bromeliads up to 8 m above the ground. Some individuals were collected from banana plants. Gravid females and calling males were collected in January and August; males were found calling at 16 and 19 h. Following B 1 ab (iii) IUCN criteria, we consider P. jimenezi to be Critically Endangered. Available records come from two localities (sensu IUCN 2017) where suitable surrounding habitats are disturbed by human settlements, agriculture, and cattle raising. Its Extent of Occurrence is estimated to be less than 100 km 2 (39 km 2).	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
B6C0F4D3E44658619F71535AF5B232CB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in the genitive case and is a patronym for Marcos Jimenez de la Espada, a Spanish naturalist who visited South America between 1862 and 1865. During his trip, he made significant collections of amphibians including new species that he described between 1870 and 1875. Among others, he named the genus Pristimantis and 19 species of Ecuadorian amphibians. His species descriptions are remarkably detailed in comparison with those of his contemporaries. He also made accurate and detailed descriptions of the natural history and the external and internal morphology of Neotropical anurans.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
F72D2FF25DC85EA194427234C92AAE1F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A species of Pristimantis having the following combination of characters: (1) skin on dorsum shagreen to tuberculate with scattered low tubercles; thin middorsal fold present or absent; dorsolateral folds absent; flanks tuberculate, tubercles larger than those on dorsum, with or without scattered warts; lateral fold present or absent; skin on venter coarsely areolate; discoidal fold present or absent; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus prominent, its upper and posterolateral margin covered by supratympanic fold; (3) snout moderately long, round to subacuminate in dorsal, rounded in lateral view, with or without a small papilla at the tip; (4) upper eyelid bearing a small, rounded tubercle, surrounded by several lower tubercles; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, oblique, moderately separated, posteromedial to choanae; (6) vocals slits, vocal sac, and nuptial pads present in adult males; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs of digits expanded, elliptical to truncate; (8) fingers with broad lateral fringes; (9) ulnar tubercles small, distinct; (10) heel bearing a low rounded tubercle, surrounded by several smaller tubercles; inner and outer edge of tarsus bearing a row of small tubercles; short inner tarsal fold; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle elevated, ovoid, three times the size of round outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary tubercles indistinct; (12) toes with broad lateral fringes; basal webbing present; Toe V longer or much longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches the middle of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV or slightly exceeds its distal edge, disc on Toe V reaches the middle of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV or slightly exceeds its distal edge); toe discs smaller than those on fingers, truncate to elliptical (Fig. 8 A); (13) in life, dorsum light, orangey or dark brown; head with black or brown supratympanic, canthal, and interorbital stripes; groins, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs pinkish, purplish or reddish brown, suffused or not with orange, with cream or light brown spots; ventral surfaces of body white to cream with or without brown reticulations; vocal sac in males yellow; iris golden to creamy brown with a reddish brown medial streak (Fig. 21); (14) average SVL in adult females: 35.3 + / - 3.5 mm (29.7 - 33.9 mm; n = 15); in adult males: 24.6 + / - 1.7 mm (21.4 - 27.0 mm; n = 14).	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
F72D2FF25DC85EA194427234C92AAE1F.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. An adult female (QCAZ 37546, SC 21029). Measurements (in mm): SVL 31.7; TL 13.7; FL 14.7; HL 11.2; HW 12.1; ED 3.7; TD 1.7; IOD 3.8; EW 2.8; IND 2.3; EN 3.5; TED 1.3. Head wider than long, slightly narrower than body; snout moderately long, rounded with a small papilla in dorsal and lateral view; cranial crests absent; nostrils slightly protuberant, narrow, directed laterally with slight dorsal inclination; canthus rostralis slightly concave in dorsal view, rounded in cross section; loreal region slightly concave; upper eyelid bearing a small, low and rounded tubercle surrounded by inconspicuous tubercles; tympanic annulus prominent, its upper and posterior margins concealed by supratympanic fold; tympanic membrane distinct; two low and rounded postrictal tubercles surrounded by lower tubercles. Choanae large, round, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxillae; dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, oblique, moderately separated, positioned posteromedial to choanae; each vomer bearing several teeth; tongue longer than wide, posterior border notched, posterior half free. Dorsum shagreen with scattered low tubercles, larger posteriorly; dorsolateral folds absent; skin on flanks bearing low rounded tubercles, larger than those on dorsum; skin on chest and belly coarsely areolate, that on throat shagreen, ventral surfaces of limbs smooth, ventral surfaces of thighs coarsely areolate; discoidal fold present. Ulnar tubercles rounded and low; outer palmar tubercle bifid, three times the size of ovoid thenar tubercle; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded; low supernumerary tubercles; fingers bearing broad lateral fringes; Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs on fingers expanded and truncate; pads on fingers surrounded by circumferential grooves on all fingers (Fig. 8 A). Dorsal surfaces of hindlimbs shagreen with scattered small tubercles; posterior surfaces of thighs smooth, ventral surfaces of thighs coarsely areolate; heel bearing a median, low, rounded tubercle surrounded by smaller ones; outer and inner edge of tarsus bearing a row of small tubercles; small inner tarsal fold present; inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, elevated, three times the size of round outer metatarsal tubercle; plantar surface with small, indistinct supernumerary tubercles; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded; toes bearing broad lateral fringes; basal webbing between Toes IV and V present; discs on toes smaller than those on fingers, slightly expanded, truncate; all toes having pads surrounded by circumferential grooves; relative lengths of toes: I <II <III <V <IV; Toe V much longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches the distal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V reaches the distal edge of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV; Fig. 8 A). Coloration of the holotype in preservative is shown in Figure 20 A; coloration in life, unknown. Coloration of holotype in preservative. Dorsum grayish dark brown with lighter irregular reticulations and scattered black spots; dark brown supratympanic stripe, canthal, and interorbital bands; dorsal surfaces of limbs with the same background as dorsum and darker irregular transversal bands and scattered dark brown spots; groins, anterior, and posterior surfaces of thighs reddish brown with cream small spots; ventral surfaces of body cream; soles and palms dusty cream (Fig. 20 A). Coloration of holotype in life. Unknown.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
F72D2FF25DC85EA194427234C92AAE1F.taxon	distribution	Distribution, natural history, and conservation status. Pristimantis lutzae is known from Paramo, Inter-Andean Shrub, Western and Eastern Montane Forest in the Andes of Azuay and Canar Provinces in Ecuador, between 2895 - 4100 m a. s. l (Fig. 1). Individuals collected at night were found in bunch grasses, pastures, and low vegetation up to 80 cm above the ground. Individuals collected at day were found in pastures or underneath rocks. Calling males have been found on bunch grasses or low vegetation during February, July, and December at night. Despite the relatively small distribution range of this species (Extent of Occurrence = 2338 km 2) we assign it to the Least Concern Red List category because its distribution overlaps with four protected areas, Cajas National Park, Mazan Reserve, Mazar Wildlife Reserve, and Yanuncay Irquis Protected Forest, and it is a common species in these places.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
F72D2FF25DC85EA194427234C92AAE1F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in the genitive case and is a patronym for Bertha Lutz, who was a Brazilian herpetologist. We name this species after her in recognition of her scientific career and her activism in the fight for gender equality.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
B59FBA030F035F5B83BC88BD3351F454.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A species of Pristimantis having the following combination of characters: (1) skin on dorsum shagreen to warty; dorsolateral folds absent; skin on flanks bearing low warts, bigger than those of dorsum; skin on venter coarsely areolate; discoidal fold absent; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus prominent, its upper and posterior margin concealed by thick supratympanic fold; (3) snout moderately long, subacuminate in dorsal view, rounded in profile, with or without a papilla at the tip; (4) upper eyelid lacking tubercles; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous processes of vomers low to prominent, oblique, narrowly to moderately separated, posteromedial to choanae; (6) vocals slits, vocal sac, and nuptial pads present in adult males; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs of digits expanded to broadly expanded, elliptical to truncate; (8) fingers with lateral fringes; (9) ulnar tubercles present; (10) heel bearing one rounded tubercle, surrounded or not by several smaller tubercles; inner and outer edge of tarsus bearing small and low tubercles; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, elevated six times the size of elliptical, elevated outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary tubercles numerous; (12) toes with lateral fringes; basal webbing present; Toe V much longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches or exceeds distal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V reaches or exceeds distal edge of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV); toe discs smaller than those on fingers, elliptical (Fig. 8 B); (13) in life, dorsal surfaces vary from yellow to dark brown with or without olive or orange tones; black or brown canthal and supratympanic stripe usually present; groins and posterior surfaces of thighs cream, orange, brown, or black with or without cream to yellow spots; venter varies from cream to dark brown with a few to many small beige to yellow spots; iris copper to creamy yellow with or without a dark brown to red medial horizontal streak, with black reticulations (Fig. 24); (14) average SVL in adult females: 35.3 + / - 3.5 mm (29.4 - 40.5 mm; n = 27); in adult males: 26.2 + / - 3.5 mm (19.7 - 29.7 mm; n = 32).	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
B59FBA030F035F5B83BC88BD3351F454.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. An adult male (QCAZ 47213, SC 29908). Measurements (in mm): SVL 29.3; TL 14.8; FL 14.5; HL 11.0; HW 11.5; ED 3.5; TD 1.8; IOD 3.7; EW 2.8; IND 2.5; EN 3.1; TED 1.9. Head wider than long, wider than body; snout moderately long, subacuminate in dorsal view, rounded in profile; cranial crests absent; nostrils slightly protuberant, directed anterolaterally; canthus rostralis concave in dorsal view, prominent and rounded in cross section; loreal region concave; upper eyelid with indistinct tubercles; tympanic membrane distinct; tympanic annulus prominent, upper and posterior edge concealed by thick, heavy supratympanic fold; three large rounded postrictal tubercles. Choanae median ovoid, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxillae; dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, oblique, moderately separated, positioned posteromedial to choanae; each vomer bearing several teeth; tongue slightly longer than wide, posterior border notched, posterior three fifths not adherent to floor of mouth; vocal slits slightly curved, located at posterior half of mouth floor in between tongue and margin of jaw; vocal sac present. Dorsal surfaces of body shagreen with scattered low warts; dorsolateral folds absent; skin on flanks bearing rounded warts, larger than those on dorsum; skin on venter coarsely areolate, ventral surfaces of limbs smooth, ventral surfaces of thighs coarsely areolate; discoidal fold absent. Low, round ulnar tubercles, antebrachial tubercle prominent; white nuptial pads present; outer palmar tubercle bifid, almost twice the size of ovoid thenar tubercle; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded; ill-defined supernumerary tubercles; fingers bearing lateral fringes; Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs on fingers broadly expanded, truncate; pads on fingers surrounded by circumferential grooves on all fingers (Fig. 8 B). Hindlimbs slender; dorsal surfaces of hindlimbs shagreen; posterior surfaces of thighs smooth, ventral surfaces of thighs coarsely areolate; heel bearing a medium sized, low, rounded tubercle surrounded by several smaller tubercles; outer and inner edge of tarsus bearing low rounded tubercles; inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, elevated, six times the size of elliptical, elevated outer metatarsal tubercle; plantar surface bearing numerous ill-defined supernumerary tubercles; subarticular tubercles prominent, subacuminate; toes bearing lateral fringes; basal webbing between toes IV and V present; discs on toes smaller than those on fingers, expanded and elliptical; all toes having pads surrounded by circumferential grooves; relative lengths of toes: I <II <III <V <IV; Toe V much longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches distal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V reaches the distal edge of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV; Fig. 8 B). Coloration of the holotype in preservative is shown in Figure 20 B; coloration in life, unknown. Coloration of holotype in preservative. Dorsum dark brown covered with minute light brown irregular spots; dorsal surfaces of forelimbs light brown with scattered minute dark brown flecking; dorsal surfaces of hindlimbs dark brown with light brown spots becoming larger and more abundant posteriorly; groins and concealed surfaces of thighs, shanks and tarsus brown; ventral surfaces of body dusty brown; chest with cream irregular blotches; vocal sac and ventral surfaces of thighs cream; ventral surfaces of fingers and toes pale cream (Fig. 20 B). Coloration of holotype in life. Unknown.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
B59FBA030F035F5B83BC88BD3351F454.taxon	distribution	Distribution, natural history, and conservation status. Pristimantis multicolor is known from Parque Nacional Yacuri, near the border with Peru, at Loja and Zamora Chinchipe Provinces (Fig. 1). It inhabits Paramo and Eastern Montane Forest between 3186 and 3515 m. During the late afternoon and night, individuals were commonly found beneath or over moss, mat-forming plants, tussock grasses and rocks, perched on branches and leaves of shrubs up to 1.75 m above ground, or inside bromeliads, terrestrial or epiphytes, up to 1 m above the ground. During the day they were found inside bromeliads. Calling males and gravid females were found in December, April, and May; males were calling on low branches of shrubs. According to available data, P. multicolor has a very restricted distribution (Extent of Occurrence = 10 km 2) but is locally abundant. However, we propose assigning it to the Data Deficient Red List Category (IUCN 2017) because extensive areas in Yacuri National Park remain unexplored and represent potential distribution for this species.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
B59FBA030F035F5B83BC88BD3351F454.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet comes from the Latin words multus meaning many, and color meaning color. It refers to the wide range of color variation in this species (Fig. 24).	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
2E237460391E5375A410AFD27EC11A21.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A species of the Pristimantis cryptomelas group with the following combination of characters: (1) dorsal surfaces finely tuberculate; middorsal fold present or absent; head with a middorsal row of two small tubercles; dorsolateral folds absent; thin lateral folds on anterior half of flanks present or absent; skin on venter coarsely areolate; discoidal fold present or absent;) (- shaped postocular folds; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus prominent, its upper and posterior margin concealed by thick supratympanic fold; (3) snout moderately long, subacuminate in dorsal view, rounded in profile; (4) upper eyelid with subconical tubercles surrounded by several smaller tubercles; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, oblique, narrowly to broadly separated, posteromedial to choanae; (6) vocals slits and white nuptial pads present in adult males; vocal sac not externally expanded; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs of digits broadly expanded, rounded to elliptical; (8) fingers with lateral fringes; (9) low ulnar tubercles; (10) heel bearing a subconical tubercle surrounded by smaller tubercles; inner and outer edge of tarsus bearing low tubercles; short inner tarsal fold; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, elevated five times the size of round outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary tubercles numerous; (12) toes with lateral fringes; basal webbing barely evident; Toe V longer or much longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches the middle or exceeds distal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V reaches the middle or exceeds distal edge of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV); toe discs smaller than those on fingers, elliptical (Fig. 8 C); (13) in preservative, dorsum light to dark brown with darker markings including a scapular W, irregular chevrons and interorbital stripe, or a pattern of longitudinal stripes; head with black or dark brown supratympanic, canthal and labial vertical bars; flanks with oblique pale bars that merge with ventral coloration; posterior surfaces of thighs light brown with or without minute pale flecks; groins with the same coloration as posterior surfaces of thighs or venter; venter and throat cream with different levels of brown mottling (Fig. 39); (14) average SVL in adult females: 29.1 + / - 2.7 mm (25.9 - 32.4 mm; n = 4); in adult males: 18.8 + / - 1.1 mm (17.4 - 20.5 mm; n = 13).	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
2E237460391E5375A410AFD27EC11A21.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. An adult female (QCAZ 41710, SC 28142). Measurements (in mm): SVL 32.4; TL 15.5; FL 13.4; HL 12.2; HW 12.1; ED 3.7; TD 1.7; IOD 3.1; EW 3.5; IND 2.5; EN 3.7; TED 1.2. Head longer than wide, wider than body; snout moderately long, subacuminate in dorsal view, rounded in profile; cranial crests absent; nostrils slightly protuberant, narrow, directed laterally with slight dorsal inclination; canthus rostralis concave in dorsal view, sharp in cross section; loreal region slightly concave; upper eyelid with subconical tubercles, those on posterior half larger; tympanic membrane distinct; tympanic annulus prominent, its upper and posterior edge concealed by supratympanic fold; two small prominent postrictal tubercles. Choanae large, circular, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxillae; dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, oblique, narrowly separated, positioned posteromedial to choanae; each vomer bearing several distinct teeth; tongue as long as wide, posteriorly notched; posterior third not adherent to the floor of mouth. Dorsal surfaces of body finely tuberculate; dorsolateral folds absent; bearing) (- shaped postocular folds; skin on venter coarsely areolate, ventral surfaces of limbs smooth, ventral surfaces of thighs coarsely areolate; weak discoidal fold. Low median ulnar tubercles; outer palmar tubercle bifid, twice the size of ovoid thenar tubercle; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded; prominent supernumerary tubercles at the base of fingers, slightly smaller than subarticular tubercles; fingers bearing lateral fringes; Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs on fingers broadly expanded, rounded; pads on fingers surrounded by circumferential grooves on all fingers (Fig. 8 C). Hindlimbs slender; dorsal surfaces of hindlimbs finely tuberculate; posterior surfaces of thighs smooth, ventral surfaces of thighs coarsely areolate; heel bearing a medium sized, subconical tubercle surrounded by several smaller tubercles; outer and inner edge of tarsus bearing low tubercles; inner tarsal fold present; inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, elevated 5 x the size of round outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary tubercles prominent at the base of each toe, those on plantar surface distinct, but low; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded; toes bearing lateral fringes; basal webbing barely evident between toes IV and V; discs on toes smaller than those on fingers, expanded and elliptical; all toes having pads surrounded by circumferential grooves; relative lengths of toes: I <II <III <V <IV; Toe V longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III exceeds distal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V exceeds the distal of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV; Fig. 8 C). Color of the holotype in preservative is shown in Figure 38; coloration in life is unknown. Coloration of holotype in preservative. Dorsum light brown with lighter irregular reticulations and a W-shaped scapular mark bordered by dark brown lines; head with dark brown canthal, supratympanic, and labial bars; flanks with cream oblique cream bars bordered by dark brown spots and lines; groins, and concealed surfaces of thighs dark brown with scattered cream flecks; venter cream and ventral surfaces of thighs cream; throat cream with brown mottling; ventral surfaces of limbs dusty cream (Fig. 38). Coloration of holotype in life. Unknown.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
2E237460391E5375A410AFD27EC11A21.taxon	distribution	Distribution, natural history, and conservation status. Pristimantis nangaritza is only known from its type locality, Alto Nangaritza Protected Forest, Zamora Chinchipe Province, Ecuador, a low vegetation forest with bromeliads, orchids, moss, and Podocarpus trees that belongs to the Eastern Foothill Forest, between 1809 and 1843 m a. s. l. (Fig. 1). Individuals were found active at night on branches, 1 - 2 m above ground. Calling males were found in April. We consider it as a Data Deficient species because adjacent areas in Alto Nangaritza Protected Forest are difficult to access and poorly explored.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
2E237460391E5375A410AFD27EC11A21.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the type locality of this species, Alto Nangaritza Protected Forest. This protected area preserves native vegetation of the Cordillera del Condor and hosts unique geologic formations in Ecuador, called Tepuyes. This reserve is largely unexplored and is currently threatened by the potential opening of roads for mining activities; 80 % of its territory is under mining concessions.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
B9F89C8F7B745416A627F30BCFF4654B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This and the following sections are based on specimens of P. phoxocephalus listed in Suppl. material 2. A species of the Pristimantis phoxocephalus group having the following combination of characters: (1) dorsum shagreen with scattered small tubercles; faint middorsal fold; head with a middorsal row of two or more small tubercles; dorsolateral folds absent; anterior half of flanks with or without inconspicuous longitudinal lateral folds; skin on venter areolate to coarsely areolate; discoidal fold present or absent; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus prominent, its upper and posterolateral margin covered by supratympanic fold; (3) snout moderately long, acuminate with a fleshy keel in dorsal view, protruding in profile; (4) upper eyelid with small distinct rounded tubercles; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous processes of vomers low to prominent, oblique, moderately separated, posteromedial to choanae; (6) vocals slits, vocal sac and large nuptial pads present in adult males; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs of digits broadly expanded, rounded to elliptical; (8) fingers with lateral fringes; (9) small distinct ulnar tubercles (Fig. 23 A); (10) heel bearing a small, subconical tubercle surrounded by smaller tubercles; outer edge of tarsus bearing a row of low subconical tubercles; inner edge of tarsus bearing a small inconspicuous fold followed by small subconical tubercles; (11) inner metatarsal ovoid, elevated, 4 - 6 times the size of round outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary tubercles low, numerous; (12) toes with broad lateral fringes; basal webbing between toes present; Toe V longer or much longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches the middle to distal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V reaches the middle to distal edge of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV); toe discs smaller than those on fingers, rounded to elliptical (Fig. 8 D); (13) in life, dorsal coloration is cream, yellow, or brown with or without reddish or olive tones; dorsum with or without a longitudinal middorsal band, scapular W-shaped marking, chevrons, white or black flecking or pale botches; head with or without black or brown interorbital band, canthal stripe, supratympanic stripes, and labial bars; flanks with the same color or lighter than dorsum; groins, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs, and concealed surfaces of tarsus and shanks yellow with black reticulations; ventral surfaces of thighs yellow; venter white with brown midline and reticulations; iris copper with or without a faint medial horizontal brown to reddish brown streak, with thin black reticulations (Fig. 26); (14) average SVL in adult females: 36.9 + / - 2.2 mm (34.2 - 39.9 mm; n = 5); in adult males: 23.7 + / - 2.9 mm (20.9 - 27.9 mm; n = 4).	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
B9F89C8F7B745416A627F30BCFF4654B.taxon	distribution	Distribution, natural history, and conservation status. Pristimantis phoxocephalus is known from its type locality, Pilalo, Cotopaxi Province, Ecuador, at 2340 - 2820 m a. s. l. (Fig. 2), which corresponds to Western Montane Forest. Individuals collected for this study were found by day inside bromeliads at 2 - 4 m above the ground. These bromeliads were on scattered trees within pastures. Lynch (1979) provides more ecological data for specimens collected at the type locality. Currently, P. phoxocephalus is considered to be a Least Concern species (Rodriguez et al. 2004) under the assumptions: (i) Extent of Occurrence <20000 km 2, (ii) common and adaptable species with a presumed large population, (iii) unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for a more threatened category. After assessing the identity of this species, herein we assign it to the Critically Endangered Red List category following the B 1 ab (iii) + 2 ab (iii) IUCN criteria because: (i) it is known from one locality whose habitat is constantly degrading due to human settlements and cattle raising, (ii) Extent of Occurrence <100 km 2, (iii) Area of Occupancy <10 km 2.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
5DB35A0E59D1556DA87A57D10898CF71.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A species of the Pristimantis phoxocephalus group having the following combination of characters: (1) dorsal surfaces tuberculate, tubercles on anterior dorsum prominent, small and rounded, those on posterior dorsum larger; middorsal, dorsolateral, and lateral folds absent; head with two small middorsal tubercles; skin on flanks as or more tuberculate than dorsum, bearing scattered warts; skin on venter coarsely areolate; discoidal fold present; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus prominent, its upper and posterior margin concealed by thick supratympanic fold; (3) snout moderately long, acuminate with a fleshy keel in dorsal view, protruding in profile; (4) upper eyelid with distinct rounded tubercles surrounded by smaller tubercles; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous processes of vomers low to prominent, oblique, moderately separated, posteromedial to choanae; (6) vocals slits, vocal sac, and nuptial pads present in adult males; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs of digits expanded to broadly expanded, elliptical to truncate; (8) fingers with broad lateral fringes; (9) distinct, rounded ulnar tubercles; (10) heel bearing a prominent round tubercle surrounded by smaller tubercles; inner and outer edge of tarsus bearing a row of prominent, rounded tubercles; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle elliptical, elevated four times the size of round, elevated outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary tubercles distinct, as large as outer metatarsal tubercle; (12) toes with lateral fringes; basal webbing present; Toe V longer or much longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches distal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V reaches the proximal to distal edge of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV); toe discs smaller than those on fingers, elliptical to truncate (Fig. 9 A); (13) in life, dorsum olive to reddish brown with irregular red or cream markings; groins and anterior surfaces of thighs dark brown with yellow blotches irregularly bordered; dorsal surfaces of thighs with irregular oblique yellow stripes, posterior surfaces of thighs brown with yellow flecks; venter dusty white with scattered brown flecks, with or without faint yellow blotches; iris copper with thin black reticulations (Fig. 29); (14) average SVL in adult males: 25.2 + / - 1.8 mm (23.4 - 27.3 mm; n = 4); females: unknown.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
5DB35A0E59D1556DA87A57D10898CF71.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. Adult male (QCAZ 46213, SC 29676). Measurements (in mm): SVL 27.3; TL 12.8; FL 12.9; HL 9.2; HW 9.5; ED 2.9; TD 1.4; IOD 3.1; EW 2.7; IND 2.3; EN 2.7; TED 1.0. Head wider than long, as wide as body; snout moderately long, acuminate in dorsal view, protruding in profile, bearing a fleshy keel; cranial crests absent; nostrils slightly protuberant, ovoid, directed laterally with slight dorsal inclination; canthus rostralis slightly concave in dorsal view, rounded in cross section; loreal region slightly concave; upper eyelid with prominent, rounded, medium sized tubercles surrounded by smaller tubercles; tympanic membrane distinct; tympanic annulus prominent, upper and posterior edge concealed by supratympanic fold; two prominent rounded postrictal tubercles. Choanae large, ovoid, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxillae; dentigerous processes of vomers small, prominent, oblique, narrowly separated, positioned posteromedial to choanae; each vomer bearing several teeth; tongue longer than wide, slightly notched, posterior three fifths not adherent to floor of mouth; vocal slits slightly curved, located at posterior half of mouth floor in between tongue and margin of jaw; vocal sac present. Dorsal surfaces of body tuberculate, head and anterior dorsum with small prominent rounded tubercles, posterior dorsum with medium sized tubercles; middorsal, dorsolateral and lateral folds absent; head bears two prominent middorsal tubercles; flanks with the same texture as dorsum, bearing scattered warts; skin on venter coarsely areolate, ventral surfaces of limbs smooth, ventral surfaces of thighs coarsely areolate; discoidal fold absent. Low and round ulnar tubercles; white nuptial pads; outer palmar tubercle bifid, almost twice the size of ovoid thenar tubercle; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded; low supernumerary tubercles at the base of fingers; fingers bearing broad lateral fringes; Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs on fingers expanded, truncate; pads on fingers surrounded by circumferential grooves on all fingers (Fig. 9 A). Hindlimbs slender; dorsal surfaces of hindlimbs tuberculate; posterior surfaces of thighs smooth, ventral surfaces of thighs coarsely areolate; heel bearing a medium sized, prominent and rounded tubercle surrounded by several slightly smaller tubercles; outer and inner edge of tarsus bearing distinct, rounded tubercles; inner metatarsal tubercle elliptical, elevated 4 x the size of round, elevated outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary tubercles as large as outer metatarsal tubercle; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded; toes bearing lateral fringes; basal webbing between toes IV and V present; discs on toes smaller than those on fingers, expanded and elliptical; toes having pads surrounded by circumferential grooves; relative lengths of toes: I <II <III <V <IV; Toe V much longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches distal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V reaches distal edge of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV; Fig. 9 A). Coloration of the holotype in preservative is shown in Figure 28 A. Coloration of holotype in preservative. Dorsum brown with a light brown W-shaped scapular mark and interscapular blotch; head with dark brown supratympanic stripe, canthal and interorbital bands; dorsal surfaces of forelimbs, shanks and tarsus light brown with dark brown transversal bands; armpits, groins, anterior, and posterior surfaces of thighs cream; posterior surfaces of thighs brown with yellow flecks; venter cream with scattered brown flecks; throat, soles, and palms dusty cream (Fig. 28 A). Coloration of holotype in life. Unknown.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
5DB35A0E59D1556DA87A57D10898CF71.taxon	distribution	Distribution, natural history, and conservation status. Pristimantis teslai is known from two Paramo localities in the eastern Andean slopes in Tungurahua Province (Fig. 2). Individuals were found beneath rocks, among moss or bunch grasses at day, or active on low vegetation up to 80 cm above ground at night. Parque Nacional Llanganates is, to a large extent, unexplored. It could have additional populations for this species. Given the scant available information, we assign P. teslai to the Data Deficient Red List Category (IUCN 2017).	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
5DB35A0E59D1556DA87A57D10898CF71.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in the genitive case and is a patronym for Nikola Tesla, a revolutionary inventor of the late 19 th and early 20 th century. It is named after him in recognition of his contributions to physics and his dedication to the ideal of providing free wireless electric power.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
4FFD270148D35548960B3C83B72FEC13.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A member of the Pristimantis phoxocephalus group characterized by the following combination of characters: (1) skin on dorsum shagreen; thin middorsal fold; head with a middorsal small tubercle or row of tubercles; dorsolateral folds absent; flanks with longitudinal lateral folds on anterior half; skin on venter areolate to weakly areolate; discoidal fold present or absent; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus prominent, its upper and posterior margin concealed by supratympanic fold; (3) snout moderately long, acuminate with a fleshy keel in dorsal view, protruding in profile; (4) upper eyelid with a small and rounded tubercle, surrounded by several lower tubercles; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, oblique, moderately to broadly separated, posteromedial to choanae; (6) vocals slits, vocal sac and nuptial pads present; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs of digits broadly expanded, elliptical to truncate; (8) fingers with lateral fringes; (9) ulnar tubercles ill-defined; (10) heel bearing a small, rounded tubercle surrounded or not by smaller tubercles; outer and inner tarsal tubercles absent or ill-defined; inner tarsal fold present; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, rounded, elevated, six times the size of round outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary tubercles numerous; (12) toes with broad lateral fringes; basal webbing present; Toe V longer or much longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches the middle or exceeds distal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV; disc on Toe V reaches the middle or exceeds distal edge of distal tubercle on Toe IV); toe discs as large or slightly smaller than those on fingers (Fig. 9 B); (13) in life, dorsum cream, brown or orangey brown; head bearing a dark supratympanic stripe and interorbital band or stripe; coloration of groins and concealed surfaces of thighs have sexual dimorphism: in females (and juveniles), ground color varies from light purplish brown to medium brown with or without minute cream flecks on; males have the same ground color with yellow, cream or orangey-yellow small to big spots; venter white to dusty cream; iris golden to beige with black reticulations and a red or reddish brown medial streak (Fig. 31); (14) average SVL in adult females: 34.7 + / - 3.7 mm (30.1 - 39.5 mm; n = 5); in adult males: 25.9 + / - 2.1 mm (23.3 - 30.0 mm; n = 18).	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
4FFD270148D35548960B3C83B72FEC13.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. Adult female (QCAZ 47342, SC 32171). Measurements (in mm): SVL 35.8; TL 17.5; FL 16.4; HL 12.4; HW 13.2; ED 3.7; TD 1.8; IOD 3.8; EW 3.1; IND 2.8; EN 3.5; TED 0.8. Head wider than long, narrower than body; snout moderately long, acuminate with a fleshy keel in dorsal view, protruding in profile; nostrils slightly protuberant, directed anterolaterally; canthus rostralis distinct, curved in dorsal view, rounded in cross-section; loreal region concave; upper eyelid bearing a small rounded tubercle surrounded by several lower tubercles; tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus distinct, its upper and posterior margin covered by supratympanic fold; one enlarged subconical postrictal tubercle surrounded by several smaller tubercles. Choanae median, semicircular, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxilla; dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, oblique, moderately separated, posteromedial to choanae; each vomer bearing several indistinct teeth; tongue as wide as long, posteriorly notched, free on posterior half of its length. Skin on dorsum shagreen; faint middorsal fold; head with a middorsal row of two small tubercles; dorsolateral folds absent; flanks areolate, with thin lateral folds on anterior half; skin on belly and chest areolate, skin on throat, chest and ventral surfaces of limbs smooth; discoidal fold present. Ulnar tubercles present, indistinct; palmar tubercles prominent, outer palmar tubercle bifid, almost twice size of ovoid thenar tubercle; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded; supernumerary tubercles at base of fingers distinct; fingers with broad lateral fringes; Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs broadly expanded and rounded; pads on fingers surrounded by circumferential grooves on all fingers (Fig. 9 B). Hindlimbs slender; dorsal surfaces of hindlimbs smooth; posterior surfaces of thighs smooth, ventral surfaces of thighs areolate; heel bearing a low rounded tubercle surrounded by some smaller tubercles; outer tarsal tubercles absent; inner tarsal fold extend to half of length of tarsus; inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, rounded, elevated, six times the size of rounded, ill-defined outer metatarsal tubercle; plantar surface with supernumerary tubercles, those on the base of toes low but distinct; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded; toes with broad lateral fringes; basal webbing present; discs nearly as large as those on fingers, elliptical; all toes having pads surrounded by circumferential grooves; relative lengths of toes: I <II <III <V <IV; Toe V much longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches the middle of the penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V exceeds distal edge of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV; Fig. 9 B). Coloration of the holotype in preservative is shown in Figure 28 B; coloration in life is unknown. Coloration of holotype in preservative. Dorsal surface of body light gray; head with cream interorbital band outlined with black, dark brown supratympanic stripes, and faint gray labial bars; limbs with transversal bands slightly darker than background; dorsolateral surfaces with oblique reticulations extending to the flanks, slightly darker than background; groins and concealed surfaces of thighs gray with small cream spots; ventral surfaces of body white, venter with faint gray flecks and midventral longitudinal line; plants and palms dusty cream (Fig. 28 B). Coloration of holotype in life. Unknown.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
4FFD270148D35548960B3C83B72FEC13.taxon	distribution	Distribution, natural history, and conservation status. This species is known from the surroundings of Celica, Guachanama and La Tolera, towns in the western Andean slopes of Loja Province in Ecuador (Fig. 2). It inhabits Inter-Andean Shrub region between 2101 and 2833 m a. s. l. Most individuals were found at night inside terrestrial or arboreal bromeliads up to 3 m above the ground, inside patches of native vegetation, or on low vegetation up to 60 cm above ground. During the day they were only found inside bromeliads. Calling males have been found on low vegetation, 30 cm above the ground in February. We propose assigning P. torresi to the Critically Endangered Red List category following the B 1 ab (iii) IUCN criteria. Available records come from two localities (sensu IUCN 2017) whose habitat is being degraded by human settlements, cattle raising and agriculture; the Extent of Occurrence of the species <100 km 2 (21 km 2).	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
4FFD270148D35548960B3C83B72FEC13.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in the genitive case and is a patronym for Omar Torres-Carvajal, curator of reptiles of Museo de Zoologia at Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador. The species name is in recognition of his significant contributions to herpetological research in Ecuador and the development of collections at the QCAZ museum.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
F22567F5929355799C460E404CB4608F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A species of the Pristimantis phoxocephalus group having the following combination of characters: (1) skin on dorsum shagreen with or without scattered small tubercles; middorsal fold; head with a middorsal row of two or more tubercles; dorsolateral folds absent; lateral folds on anterior half of dorsum; skin on venter coarsely areolate; discoidal fold evident; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus prominent, its upper and posterior margin covered by supratympanic fold; (3) snout moderately long, acuminate with a fleshy keel in dorsal view, protruding in profile; (4) upper eyelid with small tubercles; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous processes of vomers low to prominent, oblique, moderately separated, posteromedial to choanae; (6) vocals slits, vocal sac, and prominent nuptial pads present in adult males; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs of digits broadly expanded, rounded to elliptical; (8) fingers with broad lateral fringes; (9) small distinct ulnar tubercles; (10) heel bearing a subconical tubercle surrounded by smaller tubercles; outer edge of tarsus bearing subconical tubercles; inner edge of tarsus with a fold, followed or not by a row of small tubercles; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, elevated, 5 times the size of round outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary tubercles numerous, elevated; (12) toes with broad lateral fringes; basal webbing present; Toe V much longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches the middle of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV or slightly exceeds its distal edge, disc on Toe V reaches the middle of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV or slightly exceeds its distal edge); toe discs smaller than those on fingers, rounded to elliptical (Fig. 9 C); (13) in life, dorsal coloration varies from cream to dark brown; flanks with dark diagonal bars; groins and posterior surfaces of thighs cream to brown with or without pale spots; venter white, bearing a midline extended or not to the throat; ventral surfaces of thighs light to dark gray, orange or cream; iris golden with a medial horizontal red streak and fine black reticulations (Fig. 34); (14) average SVL in adult females: 33.0 + / - 0.9 mm (31.9 - 34.3 mm; n = 7); in adult males: 26.8 + / - 2.0 mm (23.2 - 29.4 mm; n = 21).	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
F22567F5929355799C460E404CB4608F.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. An adult male (QCAZ 25105, SC 7093). Measurements (in mm): SVL 29.4; TL 13.9; FL 13.8; HL 10.2; HW 9.8; ED 3.6; TD 1.3; IOD 3.0; EW 3.0; IND 2.2; EN 2.9; TED 1.3. Head longer than wide, as wide as body; snout moderately long with a fleshy keel at the tip, acuminate in dorsal view, protruding in profile; cranial crests absent; nostrils slightly protuberant, narrow, directed anterolaterally; canthus rostralis concave in dorsal view, rounded in cross section; loreal region slightly concave; upper eyelid with several rounded tubercles, larger posteriorly; tympanic annulus prominent, upper and posterolateral edge concealed by supratympanic fold; tympanic membrane distinct; two prominent, subconical postrictal tubercles surrounded by smaller ones. Choanae median, ovoid, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxillae; dentigerous processes of vomers small, prominent, oblique, moderately separated, positioned posteromedial to choanae; each vomer bearing several indistinct teeth; tongue longer than wide, posteriorly notched, posterior half free; vocal slits slightly curved, located at posterior half of mouth floor in between tongue and margin of jaw; vocal sac present. Dorsal surfaces of body shagreen with scattered small tubercles; thin middorsal fold; one tubercle between nostrils and eyes, one interorbital, two postocular and two scapular tubercles forming an inverted " V "; skin on head and loreal region bearing small rounded tubercles; dorsolateral folds absent; evident lateral folds on anterior half of flanks; skin on flanks having more prominent and larger tubercles than on dorsum; skin on chest and belly coarsely areolate, that on throat shagreen, ventral surfaces of limbs smooth, ventral surfaces of thighs coarsely areolate; discoidal fold present. Low and rounded ulnar tubercles; outer palmar tubercle bifid, slightly bigger than ovoid thenar tubercle; subarticular and supernumerary tubercles at the base of fingers prominent, rounded; fingers bearing broad lateral fringes; Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs on Fingers broadly expanded, rounded; pads on fingers surrounded by circumferential grooves on all fingers (Fig. 9 C). Hindlimbs slender; dorsal surfaces of hindlimbs shagreen with scattered tubercles; posterior surfaces of thighs smooth, ventral surfaces of thighs coarsely areolate; heel bearing a median, prominent, subconical tubercle surrounded by indistinct tubercles; outer edge of tarsus bearing distinct median subconical tubercles; inner tarsal fold present; inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, elevated, five times the size of round outer metatarsal tubercle; plantar surface with small but distinct supernumerary tubercles; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded; toes bearing broad lateral fringes; basal webbing between toes IV and V present; discs on toes smaller than those on fingers, expanded, rounded; all toes having pads surrounded by circumferential grooves; relative lengths of toes: I <II <V <III <IV; Toe V much longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches distal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V reaches distal edge of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV; Fig. 9 C). Coloration of the holotype in preservative is shown in Figure 33 A; coloration in life unknown. Coloration of holotype in preservative. Dorsal surfaces of body dark brown, dorsum with faint middorsal longitudinal line slightly darker than background coloration; brown supratympanic stripe; dorsal surfaces of thighs with cream transversal reticulations; groins, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs brown with cream spots; ventral surfaces of body dusty cream, venter with a faint brown longitudinal midline and faint brown flecking (Fig. 33 A). Coloration of holotype in life. Unknown.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
F22567F5929355799C460E404CB4608F.taxon	distribution	Distribution, natural history, and conservation status. Pristimantis totoroi is known from Western Montane Forest of Bolivar, Chimborazo and Cotopaxi Provinces, between 2258 - 3200 m (Fig. 2). This species occurs in primary and secondary forests and pastures. Individuals found at night were on low vegetation up to 1.6 m above the ground or inside bromeliads up to 3 m above the ground. During the day they were found only inside bromeliads. Calling males have been found in October, December, and January on low vegetation during the night. Following the B 1 ab (iii) + 2 ab (iii) IUCN criteria, we consider P. totoroi to be Endangered because: (i) it is only known from three localities (sensu IUCN 2017); (ii) its habitat is gradually degraded by human settlements, cattle raising, and agriculture; (iii) its Extent of Occurrence <5000 km 2 (346 km 2); and (iv) its Area of Occupancy <500 km 2 (28 km 2). Its distribution overlaps with one small protected area, Cashca Totoras Protected Forest. Unfortunately, the protection of the forest is not enforced and, as a result, it is being destroyed by logging.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
F22567F5929355799C460E404CB4608F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in the genitive case that refers to the type locality of this species, the Cashca Totoras Protected Forest. This small reserve contains Western Montane Forest and Paramo natural regions. It is one of few protected areas in the western slopes of the Andes of central Ecuador, which are part of a biodiversity hotspot. Therefore, its effective protection is urgent to preserve unique assemblages of Andean biodiversity.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
40B938747BBF51959F1831816CD27B11.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A member of the Pristimantis phoxocephalus group characterized by the following combination of characters: (1) skin on dorsum shagreen with or without scattered tubercles, larger on posterior dorsum; with or without a faint middorsal fold; head with or without a middorsal row of two inconspicuous tubercles; flanks with warts and larger tubercles than those on dorsum; dorsolateral folds absent; thick, continuous or fragmented lateral folds on anterior flanks; skin on venter coarsely areolate; discoidal fold present or absent; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus prominent, its upper and posterior margin concealed by supratympanic fold; (3) snout moderately long, acuminate with a fleshy keel in dorsal view, protruding in profile; (4) upper eyelid with several low rounded tubercles; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, oblique, moderately separated, posteromedial to choanae; (6) males bearing vocal slits, vocal sac, and white nuptial pads; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs of digits broadly expanded, elliptical to truncate; (8) fingers with lateral fringes; (9) ulnar tubercles low and round sometimes connected by a weak fold; (10) heel bearing one or more small, prominent, subconical tubercles surrounded or not by some lower tubercles; outer and inner edge of tarsus bearing a row of low, rounded tubercles, inner tarsal fold present; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, elevated, four times the size of round outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary tubercles numerous; (12) toes with broad lateral fringes; basal webbing present; Toe V longer or much longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches the proximal to distal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V reaches the proximal to distal edge of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV); toe discs smaller than those on fingers, elliptical to truncate (Fig. 9 D); (13) in life, dorsum light to dark brown; head with an interorbital stripe or band and a dark supratympanic stripe; venter cream to white with or without brown reticulations; groins and posterior surfaces of the thighs reddish brown with small light brown, orangey brown or yellow spots; iris coppery brown (Fig. 36); (14) average SVL in adult females: 44.0 + / - 4.5 mm (40.4 - 47.5 mm; n = 2); in adult males: 29.4 + / - 2.7 mm (25.1 - 34.5 mm; n = 15).	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
40B938747BBF51959F1831816CD27B11.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. QCAZ 46982, SC 29952 adult male. Measurements in mm: SVL 28.4; TL 13.3; FL 12.9; HL 8.8; HW 9.8; ED 3.3; TD 1.4; IOD 2.7; EW 2.5; IND 2.2; EN 2.6; TED 1.0. Head wider than body, wider than long; snout moderately long, acuminate with a fleshy keel in dorsal view, protruding in profile; nostrils slightly protuberant, ovoid, directed dorsolaterally; canthus rostralis weakly concave in dorsal view, angular in cross section; loreal region concave; cranial crests absent; upper eyelid bearing several low rounded tubercles; tympanic membrane and annulus prominent, its upper and posterior margins concealed by supratympanic fold; two enlarged, prominent and rounded postrictal tubercles surrounded by smaller tubercles. Choanae large, rounded, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxillae; dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, oblique, moderately separated, posteromedial to choanae; each vomer bearing several teeth; tongue slightly longer than wide, posterior border notched; posterior three fifths free; vocal slits slightly curved, located at posterior half of mouth floor in between tongue and margin of jaw; vocal sac present. Skin on dorsum shagreen with scattered low tubercles; thin middorsal fold; thick lateral folds; flanks with large warts; skin on venter coarsely areolate. Chest, throat, and ventral surfaces of thighs areolate; discoidal fold absent. Low and round ulnar tubercles connected by an ill-defined fold; white nuptial pads present; palmar tubercles prominent, outer palmar tubercle bifid, slightly bigger than ovoid thenar tubercle; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded; supernumerary tubercles at base of fingers prominent, smaller than subarticular tubercles; fingers with lateral fringes; Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs on fingers broadly expanded, elliptical; ventral pads on fingers surrounded by circumferential grooves (Fig. 9 D). Hindlimbs slender; dorsal surfaces of hindlimbs with scattered low tubercles; posterior surfaces of thighs smooth, ventral surfaces of thighs areolate; heel bearing a small subconical tubercle surrounded by some lower rounded tubercles; outer edge of tarsus bearing large low subconical tubercles; inner tarsal fold present followed by small distinct round tubercles on inner edge of tarsus; inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, elevated, 4 x the size of round outer metatarsal tubercle; distinct, round supernumerary tubercles at the base of toes, indistinct ones on the rest of plantar surface; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded; toes with broad lateral fringes; basal webbing present; discs on toes expanded, elliptical, smaller than those on fingers; all toes having ventral pads surrounded by circumferential grooves; relative lengths of toes: I <II <III <V <IV; Toe V much longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches distal edge of the penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V reaches distal edge of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV; Fig. 9 D). Coloration in life and preservative is shown in Figures 33 B and 36 A. Coloration of holotype in preservative. Dorsum gray with light gray reticulations bordered by black lines; black interorbital and supratympanic stripes, and black canthal and labial bars; dorsal surfaces of limbs light gray with dark transversal bands bearing scattered black flecks; flanks with oblique light gray reticulations bordered by black spots; groins and posterior surfaces of thighs dark brown with cream spots; venter white; ventral surfaces of limbs dusty cream; throat dusty cream with dark brown mottling near the lips (Fig. 33 B). Coloration of holotype in life. Based on studio photographs. Dorsum brown with light brown reticulations bordered by black lines; black interorbital and supratympanic stripes, and black canthal and labial bars; dorsal surfaces of limbs light brown bearing dark brown transverse bands with scattered black flecks; flanks with oblique light brown reticulations bordered by black spots; groins and posterior surfaces of thighs dark brown with small cream spots; venter white; throat yellowish cream, vocal sac and ventral surfaces of limbs dusty pinkish cream; iris coppery brown with thin black reticulations; white sclera (Fig. 36 A).	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
40B938747BBF51959F1831816CD27B11.taxon	distribution	Distribution, natural history, and conservation status. This species is known from Western Andean slopes of Azuay Province, between 2943 - 3662 m a. s. l (Fig. 2). It inhabits Paramo and Western Montane Forest regions. Individuals collected during the day were found beneath rocks or inside arboreal bromeliads up to 2 m above ground; at night they were found active on branches of low shrubs, up to 80 cm above the ground, or inside bromeliads. Gravid females were found in August and January; calling males in January. Pristimantis verrucolatus is known from only two localities (sensu IUCN) and has a very restricted distribution. These places are adjacent to Parque Nacional Cajas, a protected area with unexplored regions that represent potential distribution for the species. Thus, following the IUCN (2017) guidelines, we assign this species to the Data Deficient Red List category.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
40B938747BBF51959F1831816CD27B11.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition with masculine gender. It is derived from the Latin words verruca meaning wart, and latus meaning flanks. The name refers to the large and low tubercles or warts on flanks that characterize this species. Pristimantis cryptomelas species group new taxon Definition. Monophyly of the P. cryptomelas species group is strongly supported in our phylogeny. Members of this group are characterized by: (i) postocular folds present; (ii) dorsolateral folds absent; (iii) cranial crests absent (except for low crests in P. spinosus); (iv) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus prominent; (v) eyes bearing prominent tubercles; (vi) dentigerous processes of vomer present; (vii) prominent tubercles on heel and tarsus; (viii) fingers and toes with lateral fringes; (ix) broadly expanded discs on fingers and toes; (x) basal webbing between toes present; (xi) in life, groins and concealed surfaces of thighs have distinctive coloration patterns, including flash colors, and light or bright colored flecks or spots on a darker background; colors, shapes, and sizes of these ornaments are variable among species; (xii) SVL females 25.9 - 46.1 mm; SVL males 16.1 - 30.3 mm. Content. The P. cryptomelas species group comprises four described species, P. cryptomelas, P. gagliardoi, P. muscosus, and P. spinosus, and the newly described P. nangaritza sp. nov. We suspect that the species content of the group will increase with collections and genetic studies of populations from northern Peru. Distribution. Members of the P. cryptomelas group occur in the eastern Andean slopes of southern Ecuador and northern Peru. In Ecuador, they inhabit the Eastern Foothill and Montane Forest of Canar, Loja, Morona Santiago, and Zamora Chinchipe Provinces, between elevations of 1800 and 3500 m a. s. l. In Peru, they live between 1770 and 2820 m a. s. l. Distribution based on QCAZ collection specimens, Duellman and Lehr (2009), and Yanez-Munoz et al. (2012). Remarks. The P. muscosus specimen included in our phylogeny is from the same and only population of P. muscosus reported for Ecuador (Yanez et al. 2012). The population is 216 km from the type locality in Peru (east slope of Abra Pardo de Miguel). Our results indicate that most species of Huicundomantis have small geographic ranges. The large geographic distance from the type locality of P. muscosus suggests that the Ecuadorian population may represent an undescribed species. The same applies to Peruvian populations of P. cryptomelas, which are widely separated from the type locality in Ecuador.	en	Paez, Nadia B., Ron, Santiago R. (2019): Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1-112, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766
