identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038E87D4BE12FFD7FEB8FA8FFE32D4AE.text	038E87D4BE12FFD7FEB8FA8FFE32D4AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tesserodoniella Vaz-De-Mello & Halffter 2006	<div><p>Tesserodoniella gen. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 1–10)</p> <p>Type species Tesserodoniella elguetai sp. nov.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>Tesserodon, a similar genus, and – iella, small, refers to the proximity of this genus to the Australian genus Tesserodon Hope and to its small size relative to other Chilean Scarabaeinae. The name of this genus is feminine in gender.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>The new genus is distinguished from all other New World Scarabaeinae by the following combination of characters: Eyes small, feebly visible dorsally when head is retracted (Figs. 1, 6); anterior trochantofemoral pit (as defined by Génier &amp; Kohlmann 2003) present; elytra with wide pseudepipleuron externally to seventh discal stria; mesosternal disc with a transverse depression; abdomen with ventrites articulated, sixth abdominal ventrite as long as ventrites 3–5 together; pygidium with a basal transverse sulcus.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Body: oval and short, size small (5.1–6.1 mm). Dorsal surface microgranulate; head and pronotum covered by irregular, dense, conspicuous punctures. Head: as long as wide, without visible dorsal carinae or sutures. Clypeus with two teeth separated by short Ushaped emargination, and external lobe beside each tooth. Dorsal eye surface reduced, triangular, or elongated. Head without occipital bead. Clypeal ventral process cariniform, bordering clypeal emargination. Mentum anteriorly concave. Labial palpus with first segment subcylindrical, widened medially; second segment almost spherical, slightly longer than first; third segment short, cylindrical, narrower than others. Prothorax: subrectangular or rhomboidal. Anterior angles acute. Laterally with ventrally directed carina in posterior two­thirds; carina externally directed in anterior third, originating at strong angle in lateral border, subparallel in posterior two­thirds, convergent in anterior third. Posterior margin straight. Hypomeron with acute transverse carina, extending from external side of procoxal cavity to anterior third of lateral pronotal carina. Hypomeral surface concave anterior to transverse carina, flat to feebly convex posterior to transverse carina, with longitudinal keel parallel to external margin. Elytra: Disc convex, with seven double striae; striae with small umbilicate punctures separated by five or more diameters. Humerus without conspicuous calli. Pseudoepipleuron with two inconspicuous striae; one dividing pseudoepipleuron in almost equivalent halves, conspicuous only medially; second stria juxtaposed to epipleural carina, conspicuously impressed from basal fifth to pseudoepipleural apex. Epipleuron wide, gradually narrowed to apex, except for strongly widened basal region. Microgranulations on elytral disk and pseudoepipleuron more conspicuous than on remaining body parts. Hind wings reduced. Mesosternum: long, narrowed medially. Surface covered by large, dense, ocellate punctures. Disc with evident, transverse concavity; convex at each side of depression. Mesoepimeron trapezoidal with strong carina parallel to anterior margin. Meso­metasternal suture straight, inconspicuous, effaced, in obtuse angle. Metasternum: covered by large, dense ocellate punctures; punctures larger laterally, denser, deeper, smaller on disc. Anterior lobe narrower at base than apically, apically 4/3 as wide as basal width; with small lateral round depression at base, depressions linked to each other by concave, inconspicuous U­shaped sulcus; sulcus with vertex posteriorly directed. Legs: apico­anterior femoral pit present, rounded. Protibia conspicuously curved internally, externally less curved due to apical expansion; externally with three conspicuous teeth in apical half, median tooth closer to apical tooth. Ventral median longitudinal carina with strong tubercle at tarsal insertion. Spur conical, narrow, as long as tarsal segments 1–3 combined. Protarsus feebly longer than apical tibial width; segments 1–4 subequal, subcylindrical, as long as wide; tarsomere 5 as long as tarsomeres 2–4 together, laterally flattened, distally widened. Claws small, simple, falciform. Mesofemur elongated. Mesotibia triangular with straight sides, evenly widened to apex, as long as mesofemur. Larger mesotibial spur subconical, just shorter than mesotarsomeres 1–2 combined. Mesotarsomeres 1–4 decreasing in size towards claw; tarsomere 5 with claw as long as tarsomeres 3–4 combined. Metafemur evenly and strongly widened at middle, with strong posterior ventral carina; posterior margin prolonged into conspicuous lobe in apical fourth. Metatibia long, narrow, weakly widened apically; externally serrate in apical two thirds; apex strongly widened externally, obliquely truncate. Metatibial spur subconical, as long as tarsomeres 1–2 combined. Metatarsi similar to that of middle legs. Abdomen with ventrites 2–4 of equal length, ventrite 5 one third the length of ventrite 4; ventrite 6 as long as 3–5 combined, not narrowed medially. Pygidium almost twice as wide as long; disc strongly convex with ocellate punctures medially; bordered complete, with strong basal sulcus. Male genitalia with asymmetric parameres, left paramere (in dorsal view) longer and wider at apex.</p> <p>Sexual dimorphism</p> <p>Male protibia with strong internal apical tooth directed foreward and downward, external teeth narrower than in females; male metatibiae with larger external serrations; and male abdominal ventrite 5 narrowed medially (width even in females).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>The new genus is readily distinguishable from other New World canthonine genera. The genus is quite similar to two Australian genera: Tesserodon Hope and Aptenocanthon Matthews. These three genera are all characterized by the presence of the anterior trochantofemoral pit and the position and form of the pseudoepipleuron. Based on our study of dung beetle genera, we predict that these characters are phylogenetically informative and that the three genera form a clade. The three genera may be related, although more distantly, to the South American genera Zonocopris Arrow, Cryptocanthon Balthasar, Paracryptocanthon Howden &amp; Cook, as well as the New Zealand genus Saphobius Broun, because they all share the trochantofemoral pit structure. However, Zonocopris, Cryptocanthon, Paracryptocanthon, and Saphobius all have a somewhat distinct pseudoepipleuron. Tesserodoniella differs from both Australian genera in the form of the prothorax, elytral striae, and in having the first metatarsomere slightly larger than the second.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87D4BE12FFD7FEB8FA8FFE32D4AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.;Halffter, Gonzalo	Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z., Halffter, Gonzalo (2006): A new dung beetle genus with two new species from Chile (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 1193 (1): 59-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1193.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1193.1.4
038E87D4BE10FFD0FEB8F94DFA94D375.text	038E87D4BE10FFD0FEB8F94DFA94D375.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tesserodoniella Vaz-De-Mello & Halffter 2006	<div><p>Key to the species of Tesserodoniella</p> <p>1 Clypeo­genal margin with sharp denticle (Fig. 6); interstriae 3–5 and 7 with apical tubercles (Fig. 7)...................................................................... T. meridionalis sp. nov. ­ Clypeo­genal margin rounded (Fig. 1); interstriae 3–5 and 7 without apical tubercles (Fig. 2)............................................................................................... T. elguetai sp. nov.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87D4BE10FFD0FEB8F94DFA94D375	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.;Halffter, Gonzalo	Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z., Halffter, Gonzalo (2006): A new dung beetle genus with two new species from Chile (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 1193 (1): 59-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1193.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1193.1.4
038E87D4BE17FFD2FEB8FE15FA95D05E.text	038E87D4BE17FFD2FEB8FE15FA95D05E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tesserodoniella elguetai Vaz-De-Mello & Halffter 2006	<div><p>Tesserodoniella elguetai sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 1–5, 10)</p> <p>Holotype</p> <p>♂. CHILE: Región Metropolitana de Santiago: Maipo, Rangue, 5–11 June 2004, M. E lgueta &amp; M. Guerrero leg., “trampa barber, bosque higrófilo + esclerófilo” (MNNC).</p> <p>Paratypes</p> <p>4♂, 4♀. CHILE: Región Metropolitana de Santiago: same as holotype except “bajo excrementos de caballo, suelo arcillo arenoso” (1♀ FVMC, ♀ MNNC, 1♀ UNSM); Maipo, Rangue, 2–8 August 2000, A. Fierro leg., barber trap. (1♂ GVHC); SW Santiago, Alto Cantillana, Alhué, 3 September 2000, Vidal leg. (1♂, 1♀ PVC); Cachapoal, R. N. Roblerías de Loncha, 20­XI­2004, J. Mondaca, “en trampa barber” (1♂ JMEC, 1♂ CMNC).</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>A patronym honoring Mario Elgueta, MNNC, Santiago, Chile, who kindly offered specimens of both species of this genus for study.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Holotype male. Head (Fig. 1) clypeus with two narrow, parallel­sided, elongated teeth; teeth separated by short, wide U­shaped emargination, each tooth with external angulate lobe. Dorsal eye surface reduced, triangular, visible only when head protracted; interocular dorsal region wider than 20 times one eye width. Prothorax subrectangular, almost twice as wide as long medially. Medium longitudinal line feebly indicated in posterior half by impunctate region. Posterior angles obtusely rounded. Elytra (Fig. 2) with discal striae conspicuous. Interstriae without discal tubercles, with two irregular rows of inconspicuous punctures; some punctures with short, erect setae; punctures and setae denser apically. Lateral carina sharp, juxtaposed and external to seventh stria, extended from elytral base to just before apex of sixth stria. Legs with protibia (Fig. 5) internally curved; external border with 3 well­defined teeth, narrower apically; internally with strong apical tooth, tooth anteroventrally directed. Metafemur (Fig. 3) with posterior, ventral carina forming rounded lobe in median third; with acute subapical lobe. Metatibia with external row of five conspicuous serrations. Venter with mesosternum twice as long as wide. Pygidium basal sulcus with obtusely rounded, median angle. Parameres (Fig. 4) as long as twothirds of phallobase.</p> <p>Variation</p> <p>Paratypes vary in size (5.1–6.0 mm) and width (widest at prothorax) 3.0–3.3 mm. Females differ from males in the following respects: protibial teeth wider and stronger, apical internal tooth almost lacking; hind femur with posterior apical lobe rounded; metatibia straighter, widened apically, with less conspicuous external serrations; abdominal ventrite 5 feebly narrowed medially.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>All specimens are from the Cordillera de la Costa mountain system close to the Central Chilean Coast, parallel to the Andes (Fig. 10). Apart from anthropogenic habitats, the area has dry savannas and sclerophyllous, hygrophyllous, and Nothofagus forests. This area is within the Santiago Biogeographical Province as defined by Morrone (2001, 2006).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87D4BE17FFD2FEB8FE15FA95D05E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.;Halffter, Gonzalo	Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z., Halffter, Gonzalo (2006): A new dung beetle genus with two new species from Chile (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 1193 (1): 59-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1193.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1193.1.4
038E87D4BE15FFD3FEB8FD7DFB45D4BB.text	038E87D4BE15FFD3FEB8FD7DFB45D4BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tesserodoniella meridionalis Vaz-De-Mello & Halffter 2006	<div><p>Tesserodoniella meridionalis sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 6–10)</p> <p>Holotype</p> <p>♂. CHILE: VII Región del Maule: Constitución, Pantanillos, 17 December 2003, “Tramp barber bosque de Nothophagus (sic) glauca ”, leg. W. Navarrete leg. (MNNC).</p> <p>Paratypes</p> <p>4♂, 2♀. CHILE: VII Región del Maule: same as holotype (2 ♂ JMEC, 1 ♀ MNNC, 1♂ UNSM); Constitución, Pantanillo, Empedrado, September 2002, Wilson Navarrete leg., barber trap. (1♂ FVMC). CHILE: VIII Región del Biobío: Ñuble: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.51&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.702225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.51/lat -36.702225)">Cerro Cayumanqui</a>, 5 December 2004, 36º42’08’’ S, 72º30’36’’ W, “barber”, J. Mondaca E. leg. (1 ♀ CMNC).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Holotype male. Head (Fig. 6) clypeus with two elongated triangular teeth separated by U­shaped emargination; each tooth with small, obtuse, external lobe. Clypeo­genal border sharply angulate. Dorsal eye surface ovoid, twice as long as wide; interocular region more than 15 eye widths wide. Prothorax rhomboidal, almost one and a half times wider than long. Median longitudinal line absent. Posterior angles completely rounded. Elytra (Fig. 7) with discal striae weak but conspicuous. Interstriae with small rounded shiny spots on microgranulated surface. Seventh interstria with conspicuous discal tubercle, tubercle located where seventh interstria meets sixth. Fifth interstria with tubercle in apical third, third and fourth interstriae each with one conspicuous apical tubercle. Lateral carina absent, but pseudoepipleuron conspicuously delimited. Legs. Protibia internally curved with external border bearing three conspicuous and apically narrowed teeth, internal border with apical tooth directed forward and downward. Metaemur (Fig. 8) with posterior ventral carina subapically forming rounded lobe. Internal border of metatibiae without tubercles. Venter with mesosternum approximately twice as long as wide. Pygidium with basal sulcus obtusely angulate medially. Parameres (Fig. 9) half the length of phallobase.</p> <p>Variation</p> <p>Paratypes vary in size (5.1–6.1 mm) and width (widest at prothorax: 3.2–4.1 mm). Females differ from males in the following respects: protibial teeth wider and stronger, apical internal tooth almost lacking; hind femur with posterior apical lobe rounded; metatibia straighter and more widened apically, external serrations less conspicuous; abdominal ventrite 5 feebly narrowed medially.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Specimens were caught in a region originally covered by Nothofagus forests, and both sclerophyllous (in arid areas) and hygrophyllous riparian vegetation. This distribution is within the Maule Biogeographical Province (as defined by Morrone 2001, 2006). The northernmost distributions of austral biotic elements are found in this region (Fig. 10).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87D4BE15FFD3FEB8FD7DFB45D4BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.;Halffter, Gonzalo	Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z., Halffter, Gonzalo (2006): A new dung beetle genus with two new species from Chile (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 1193 (1): 59-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1193.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1193.1.4
038E87D4BE14FFDCFEB8F958FEEAD7BE.text	038E87D4BE14FFDCFEB8F958FEEAD7BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tesserodoniella Vaz-De-Mello & Halffter 2006	<div><p>Biogeography of Tesserodoniella</p> <p>The discovery of Tesserodoniella in South America and its hypothesized close relationship with the Australian genera Tesserodon and Aptenocanthon leads to a series of interesting biogeographical considerations:</p> <p>1. As pointed out before, the other two canthonine species occurring in Chile belong to predominantly Neotropical genera. Scybalophagus has four species distributed in the Patagonian biogeographical subregion (as defined by Morrone 2001, 2006). A fifth species, occurring in Chile, occurs in what Morrone (2006) called the South American Transition Zone. Megathopa (with two species) is occurs from Regions IV to IX in Chile, from Córdoba to Chubut in Argentina, and in Uruguay. Neither Scybalophagus or Megathopa are closely related to or sympatric with Tesserodoniella.</p> <p>2. The presence of Tesserodoniella in the Santiago and Maule biogeographic provinces supports Morrone’s (2001, 2006) proposals on the composition and biogeographic affinities of those areas. Morrone (2001, 2006) divided South America into two regions (Neotropical and Andean) with a transition zone that roughly corresponds with the Andes. The Andean Region is included in the Austral kingdom, originating from Western Gondwana, which also includes the Antarctic, Cape (or Afrotemperate), Neoguinean, Temperate Australian, and Neozealandic regions. The Andean Region was divided by Morrone into subregions and provinces. Santiago Province is included in the Central Chilean subregion, and Maule Province in the Subantarctic subregion. However, both provinces are strongly related, as Maule is the southern limit of many distributional areas. Interestingly, the Santiago Province contains the highest number of endemic species in the southern part of South America (Morrone et al. 1997).</p> <p>3. Of the closely related Australian genera, Tesserodon is widely distributed in northern and western Australia, with two species in New Guinea; while Aptenocanthon is distributed in eastern and northern Australia (Matthews 1974, Storey 1984, Paulian 1985, Storey 1991, Storey &amp; Monteith 2000). The biogeographical affinities between southern South America, Australia, and New Zealand, known as the southern Gondwana distributional pattern (Sanmartín &amp; Ronquist 2004), have been illustrated by many plant and insect examples (Crisci et al. 1991, Sequeira &amp; Farrell 2001, Sanmartín &amp; Ronquist 2004).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87D4BE14FFDCFEB8F958FEEAD7BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.;Halffter, Gonzalo	Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z., Halffter, Gonzalo (2006): A new dung beetle genus with two new species from Chile (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 1193 (1): 59-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1193.1.4, URL: https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1193.1.4
