taxonID	type	description	language	source
947EA0C540AC4C6C81E632D12EBAECA6.taxon	materials_examined	Type. ECUADOR. Napo [Sucumbios]: Paramo de Mirador above Cocha Seca, lower paramo zone, burned, 00 ° 34 ' N; 77 ° 39 ' W, 3700 - 3900 m alt., 23 May 1985, S. Laegaard 54413 (holotype: AAU!; isotypes: K (K 000308461!), MO (MO 05100301 [image!]), QCA (QCA 78857 [image!]), QCNE, US (US 00588939! )).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
947EA0C540AC4C6C81E632D12EBAECA6.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. COLOMBIA. Boyaca: Mun. Duitama, paramo de Agueros, via que conduce a Vereda de Avendanos, 05 ° 54.527 ' N; 73 ° 03.761 ' W, 3445 m alt., 28 Oct. 2017, S. P. Sylvester, W. Bravo & J. Aguilar 3049 (COL, FMB, K, US).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
837D7D970C907BD9E2FFBD2849BB7252.taxon	materials_examined	Type. COLOMBIA. Magdalena: flanco occidental de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, paramo, abundantisima, cubre gran parte del paramo, 3140 m alt., 29 Jan. 1959, R. Romero Castaneda 7141 (holotype: COL (COL 000172001!); isotype: US (US 01246667! )).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
837D7D970C907BD9E2FFBD2849BB7252.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from all other species of Calamagrostis s. l. by a combination of strongly curled, readily deciduous leaf blades in mature plants that form a basal mat to 20 cm tall, open inflorescences with generally patent branches, spikelets (3.5 -) 4 - 5.5 mm long, with sessile florets and a rachilla prolongation (not including hairs) reaching from 2 / 3 to almost the apex of the lemma, with short hairs <1 mm long and an awn inserted just above the middle of the lemma, 5 - 7.2 mm long, anthers 1.5 - 2.7 mm long.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
837D7D970C907BD9E2FFBD2849BB7252.taxon	description	Description. Plants perennial, tufted, forming short dense tufts, mats to 40 cm wide, with short vertical or oblique rhizomes. Bases covered with fibrous old basal sheaths, with fallen curled leaf blades often forming large masses on the ground between tufts. Tillers intravaginal. Culms 48 - 64 cm tall, 1.5 - 2.2 mm wide, striate, erect, greatly exerted from the basal foliage, nodes and internodes terete, smooth but becoming scabrous below the nodes and towards the inflorescence, with dense scabrocities just below the inflorescence; (0 -) 1 node exposed at flowering; uppermost internodes 38 - 42 cm long. Sheaths striate, moderately keeled; flag leaf sheaths 20 - 25 cm long; upper culm sheaths glabrous and smooth with minute papillae present on the adaxial surface; basal leaf sheaths 4 - 12 cm long, shorter than the internodes, glabrous and lightly scabrous. Ligules not stipulate; upper culm ligules 2.5 - 10 mm long, acute with a rounded or bidentate apex, scarious to coriaceous, 2 - veined but without notable lateral keels, apices denticulate, fimbriate or short ciliate, ligule abaxial surface lightly to densely scabrous with short scabers; ligules of innovations 2.2 - 10 mm long, strongly decurrent with the sheaths, truncate to acute, scarious to coriaceous when shorter, lightly to densely scabrous on the abaxial surface. Leaf blades 5 - 15 (- 30) cm long, 0.5 - 1.5 mm wide, cylindrical in outline, when rolled the blades form a basal mat to 20 cm tall and much shorter than the exerted culms, strongly curled in mature plants [or when dry?], appearing readily deciduous and snapping off when the plant reaches maturity leaving an abscission zone and the ligule exposed, sometimes recurved to straight in immature plants [or when moist?], conduplicate to convolute, rigid, glabrous, abaxially finely scabrous, adaxially densely scabrous, edges smooth or slightly scaberulous, apex pungent; flag leaf blade ca. 2.9 cm long, recurved, slightly narrower than the basal blades. Panicles (5.5 -) 9 - 20 cm long, 3 - 10 cm wide, open, rarely contracted in young specimens, exerted or rarely subincluded in the flag leaf, open and diffuse, oval, greenish-purple or golden-purple; main panicle axis terete, glabrous, lightly to moderately scabrous, spikelets found diffusely on the proximal half of the primary branches, lower internodes 2 - 4 cm long; panicle branches spreading to slightly ascending, rarely contracted; primary panicle branches 2 - 6 cm long, bearing 1 - 10 spikelets per branch, verticillate in clusters of 2 - 5, terete, glabrous, almost smooth to scabrous; pedicels (3 -) 6 - 22 mm long, usually much longer than the spikelets, glabrous, lightly to moderately scabrous. Spikelets 1 - flowered, not strongly laterally compressed, disarticulating above the glumes; glumes, lemma and palea not noticeably asymmetrical. Glumes (3.5 -) 4 - 5.5 mm long, subequal, the lower glume ca. 0.3 mm shorter than the upper glume, narrowly lanceolate, membranous, purplish, lustrous, dorsal surface smooth or scaberulous distally, keels lightly scabrous distally or scabrous throughout, apices acute, finely denticulate, erose; lower glume 1 - veined; upper glume 3 - veined, lateral veins reaching from 1 / 4 to past half the length of the glume, 1 or 2 cross veins between the keel and lateral vein infrequently present in ca. 10 % of spikelets seen (requires 50 x magnification). Floret sessile, almost reaching the apex of the glumes, sometimes passing the apex of the lower glume. Lowermost rachilla internode not prolonged between the glumes and the floret. Lemmas 3.7 - 4.6 mm long, 5 - veined, veins not evident; the same consistency as the glumes, golden, glabrous, scaberulous throughout or lustrous and faintly to densely muriculate with the apex sometimes becoming scaberulous, apex shortly emarginate with lobes finely denticulate, awns 5 - 7.2 mm long, amply passing the glumes, twisted at the base, slightly curved, densely scabrous throughout, inserted just above the middle of the lemma, at 2.2 - 2.5 mm from the lemma base. Paleas 0.3 - 0.8 mm shorter than the lemma, of the same consistency and colour, keels smooth and notable, apex bidentate. Callus rounded, short, articulation oblique, with a basal tuft of short hairs 0.2 - 0.7 (- 0.8) mm long. Rachilla (2 -) 3 - 3.5 mm long, reaching from 2 / 3 to almost the apex of the lemma, with copious short hairs 0.5 - 1 mm long, the hairs reaching from 4 / 5 to almost the apex of the lemma and usually surpassing the palea. Lodicules 2, 0.4 - 0.6 mm long, membranous, 2 - lobed, acute to slightly acuminate. Stamens 3, anthers 1.5 - 2.7 mm long. Ovary ca. 0.5 mm long, small, styles 2, stigmas plumose with secondary branching, short. Caryopsis ca. 1.8 mm long, ca. 0.7 mm wide, elliptic, rounded triangular in transection, hilum narrowly elliptic, ventral groove shallow and not conspicuous, pale brown, embryo ca. 0.3 mm long, apex with remains of styles and stigmas; endosperm firm.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
837D7D970C907BD9E2FFBD2849BB7252.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Colombia, Venezuela. Known from paramos of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, northern Colombia and the Sierra de Perija, Venezuela. For the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, specimens are known from paramo vegetation on both the western and eastern flanks of the massif. For the Sierra de Perija, specimens are known from both the northern and southern extents of the mountain range. It is found growing between 2700 - 3570 m in paramos with dry soils that are often subject to fires. The plant forms dense cushion-like mats or clumps and it is a dominant component of certain paramos. The type specimen label includes " Abundantisima, cubre gran parte del paramo ", i. e. highly abundant and covers a large part of the paramo. The specimen label of Barclay and Juajibuoy 6545 (US) also states " the dominant grass on these slopes, extending up to the top of ridge ", thus implying that it is a dominant component of the paramos of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. The degree of curling of leaf blades in the different specimens studied may relate to the level of maturity of the plant or also the local microclimate, with the specimen label of Barclay and Juajibuoy 6545 (US) stating " leaves very fine and rolled, when dry they curl ". The characteristic of readily deciduous leaf blades is also interesting, with the specimen label of Barclay and Juajibuoy 6545 (US) also mentioning that " large masses of these [the fallen curled blades] on the ground between clumps [of the plant] ".	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
837D7D970C907BD9E2FFBD2849BB7252.taxon	materials_examined	Other specimens examined. COLOMBIA. Magdalena: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Laguna Chubdula, 3480 m alt., 10 ° 55 ' N; 73 ° 53 ' W, 29 Dec. 1972, Kirkbridge & Forero 1775 (MO); Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, alrededores de cabeceras del Rio Sevilla, 3050 - 3300 m alt. [US specimen label states ' The dominant grass on these slopes, extending up to the top of ridge. West and north facing slopes, on south side of river above campsite, sta. 1,6., alt. 3320 - 3570 m'], 20 Jan. 1959, H. G. Barclay & P. Juajibioy 6545 (MO, US- 3652630); Sierra de Perija, east of Manuare, Sabana Rubia, paramo, 3000 - 3100 m alt., 6 Nov. 1959, J. Cuatrecasas & R. Romero Castaneda 25021 (US [3 sheets]). VENEZUELA. Zulia: Maracaibo Distr., Sierra de Perija, Serrania de Valledupar, Campamento Monte Viruela, on tepui-like limestone massif 5 x 2.5 km in size, on the international boundary, 10 ° 25.2167 ' N; 72 ° 52.7 ' W, 3100 m alt., 25 - 28 Dec. 1974, S. S. Tillett 747 - 882 (MO); Perija Distr., Sierra de Perija, Serrania de los Motilones, mesa below international boundary on main ridge, headwaters of Rio Negro, Campamento Frontera II, 10 ° 0.2167 ' N; 72 ° 58.4167 ' W, 3000 m alt., 27 Nov. - 5 Dec. 1974, S. S. Tillett & K. W. Hoenig 746 - 618 (MO); Serrania de Valledupar, international boundary, headwaters of Rio Guasare, 10 ° 23.13 ' N; 72 ° 52.0833 ' W, 2700 - 3300 m alt., 10 - 19 Dec. 1974, S. S. Tillett 747 - 1072 (MO).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
837D7D970C907BD9E2FFBD2849BB7252.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet refers to the strongly curled leaf blades which make it distinct from all other paramo taxa of Calamagrostis s. l. with open panicles.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
6B5BD45D443CEA5CCD5C17D1B210CE0E.taxon	materials_examined	Type. ECUADOR. Napo: [road Quito-Baeza at the telecomunication antenna, N of the Guamani paramo, in the oriental Andes, 0 ° 10.2 ' S; 78 ° 23.4 ' W], 4260 m alt., 3 Mar. 1985, [grass forming loose tufts in cushion plants of Distichia muscoides], F. D. Escalona & Gallegos 390 (holotype: ISC; isotypes: K!, MO (MO 115961), QCA, US!, VEN).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
BB21A31BC679454334285C6CFEB511C9.taxon	materials_examined	Type. VENEZUELA. Merida: coleccionado en el bosque de la Laguna Negra, Paramo de Muchuchies, alt.: 3500 m, 25 Nov. 1943, Zoraida Luces de Febres 267 (holotype: VEN; isotype: MO (MO 1086043! [image!]) fragm. ex VEN)	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
0F844D4ED6A0017F0769BC881B352BA6.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Venezuela. Merida: rocky ridges, higher paramos, near El Gavilon, 4200 m alt., 25 Jan. 1929, H. Pittier 13277 - 1 / 2 (lectotype, designated here: US (US 00149283! [A-two flowering culms are the type, B-on left side of sheet is unknown] )).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
0F844D4ED6A0017F0769BC881B352BA6.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. COLOMBIA. Boyaca: Mun. Chiscas, paramo de Chacaritas, limit between paramo and superparamo, growing out of rock ledge, 6 ° 37.6794 ' N; 72 ° 23.6616 ' W, 4072 m alt., 4 Mar. 2018, S. P. Sylvester, R. J. Soreng, W. Bravo & L. E. Cuta 3107 (US); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Paramo Concavo, Cueva de los Hombres, 3 km N del Morro Pulpito del Diablo, 4350 m alt., 28 Feb. 1973, A. Cleef 8610 (US- 01234789); 4350 m alt., A. Cleef 8653 (US- 01234736).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
0E5F140C488BC1F779F990B08B33C56E.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens Examined. COLOMBIA. Boyaca: Mun. Chiscas, paramo de Chacaritas, asociado a rocas de 4 m de altura, 6 ° 37.3362 ' N; 72 ° 23.424 ' W, 4192 m alt., 4 Mar. 2018, S. P. Sylvester, R. J. Soreng, W. Bravo & L. E. Cuta 3119 (COL, FMB, US, UPTC); Mun. Chiscas, paramo de Chacaritas, arribando a la morrena, 6 ° 37.0674 ' N; 72 ° 23.3394 ' W, 4354 m alt., 4 Mar. 2018, S. P. Sylvester, R. J. Soreng, W. Bravo & L. E. Cuta 3125 (COL, FMB, K, SI, UPTC, US); Mun. Chiscas, paramo de Chacaritas, arribando a la morrena, 6 ° 37.0674 ' N; 72 ° 23.3394 ' W, 4354 m alt., 4 Mar. 2018, S. P. Sylvester, R. J. Soreng, W. Bravo & L. E. Cuta 3126 (US). Dep. Santander: Paramo de la Angostura, Vereda El Mortino, Ubicada en borde de quebrada, 6 ° 57.5 ' N; 72 ° 43.5 ' W, 3605 m alt., 17 Nov. 2007, M. C. Gomez 1 (US).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
267AE3975A7FA65EADEA579027214FE2.taxon	materials_examined	Type. ECUADOR. [without precise locality], 1859, Jameson s. n. [# 59] (holotype: P (P 00740364 [image!] )).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
761B5CC2302CA1E78803B3D234DDD61E.taxon	materials_examined	Type. PERU. Junin: Berge Westlich von Huacapistana [Prov. Tarma, in montibus prope Huacapistana ad occid. in stepposis], 3500 m alt., 18 Jan. 1903, A. Weberbauer 2231 (lectotype, designated by Vega and Rugolo de Agrasar (2013: 28): BAA (BAA 00000767 [image!]) fragm. ex B; isolectotype: US (US 00149282! )).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
761B5CC2302CA1E78803B3D234DDD61E.taxon	description	Description. Tufted perennial with vertical rhizomes forming short solitary tufts to medium-sized tussocks, with leaf blades mostly basal with inflorescences usually greatly exerted from basal foliage or both basal and cauline with some cauline blades often surpassing the inflorescence. Tillers intravaginal. Culms 20 - 75 (- 110) cm tall, to 3 mm wide, erect, striate, nodes and internodes terete, smooth and lustrous; nodes hidden in the sheaths with no nodes exposed at flowering; uppermost internodes 20 - 32.5 cm long, as long or longer than the sheath. Sheaths striate; flag leaf sheaths 22 - 38 cm long; upper culm sheaths lax, glabrous and smooth; basal leaf sheaths 4.5 - 20 cm long, longer than the internodes, glabrous and smooth. Ligules not stipulate; upper culm ligules 7.5 - 22 mm long, strongly decurrent with the sheaths, long acuminate, membranous to slightly coriaceous, without notable lateral keels, apices entire, erose or narrowly bifid, sometimes fimbriate, abaxial surface smooth; ligules of innovations 4 - 15 (- 20) mm long, slightly to strongly and broadly decurrent with the sheaths, long acuminate, membranous to slightly coriaceous, lateral keels sometimes notable, apices entire or a narrow bifid point, sometimes slightly erose, abaxial surface smooth or sometimes slightly scabrous at the apex. Leaf blades (2.5 -) 5 - 22 cm long, 0.6 - 7 mm wide when opened out, flat, conduplicate or involute / convolute and filiform and cylindrical to subelliptical in outline, sometimes opening out to become flat at their apices, straight and erect to slightly curved, glabrous, isomorphic or more or less dimorphic, when dimorphic those of the innovations filiform and cylindrical to subelliptic in outline while those of the upper flowering culm are usually wider and flat, conduplicate or convolute towards the apices, abaxially smooth, adaxially smooth or lightly scaberulous along the veins, sometimes becoming densely scabrous towards the apex, edges smooth or slightly scaberulous, veins usually pronounced, numerous and tightly packed, apex obtuse to slightly pungent; flag leaf blades 2.9 - 6 cm long, 2 - 7 mm wide when opened out. Panicles 10 - 25 cm long, 3 - 8 cm wide, open to slightly condensed, oval, greenish-purple with spikelets tending to be laxly glomerate on the distal half of the inflorescence branches with the proximal half usually lacking spikelets, largely exerted to moderately included in the uppermost sheath and / or blade; main panicle axis terete to slightly compressed, usually with a narrow groove running down both sides, glabrous, smooth to lightly scaberulous, internodes tending to be long, lower internode 3 - 11.5 cm long; panicle branches 1.5 - 8 cm long, bearing 10 to over 50 spikelets per branch, flexuous, spreading, pendulous or divergent at a 45 ° angle to slightly ascending, verticillate in clusters of 2 or 3, terete or slightly grooved, glabrous, almost smooth to scabrous; pedicels 0.5 - 2.5 mm long, usually shorter than the spikelets, glabrous, lightly to densely scabrous. Spikelets 1 - flowered, sometimes with a rudimentary floret at the apex of the rachilla that appears like a slightly broader section of the rachilla covered in sparse diminute hairs, not strongly laterally compressed, disarticulating above the glumes with the florets disarticulating from the apex of the extended rachilla internode, this remaining attached to the glumes. Glumes 3.5 - 5.5 mm long, subequal, the lower glume 0.2 - 0.6 mm shorter than the upper glume, lanceolate, membranous, purplish-green, lustrous, smooth or sometimes lightly scabrous throughout the keel of the upper glume; lower glumes 1 - veined, apex acuminate or bidentate, less frequently finely denticulate or erose; upper glumes 3 - veined, lateral veins either short <1 / 2 length of glume or reaching from 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 the length of the glume, apex usually acuminate, sometimes finely denticulate. Floret stipitate, much shorter than the glumes, never passing the apex of the lower glume. Lowermost rachilla internode 0.4 - 0.7 mm long, prolonged between the glumes and the floret, often slightly geniculate at its apex and bent in a ca. 30 ° - 45 ° angle, slightly dilated at its apex, usually glabrous, less often with a few long hairs ca. 0.7 mm long emerging from it, smooth. Lemmas 2.4 - 3.5 mm long, of the same consistency as the glumes, light green with purple tinges towards apex, becoming golden at maturity, glabrous, smooth with the keel apex rarely scaberulous, apex truncate and denticulate, usually with 4 clearly distinguished teeth, 0.3 - 0.5 mm long and erose between the teeth, 5 - veined, veins not evident; awns 1.5 - 4 mm long, sometimes absent, inserted in the middle or lower third of the lemma, usually as long as the lemma or passing the glume apex by as much as 1.5 mm. Paleas 0.5 - 0.8 mm shorter than the lemma, of the same consistency and colour, keels sparsely scabrous and notable, apex bidentate or 4 - dentate. Callus rounded, short, with a basal tuft of hairs 0.5 - 2.2 mm long, reaching from 1 / 3 the length of the lemma to almost the lemma apex. Rachilla 1.5 - 2.5 mm long, reaching from 2 / 3 to 4 / 5 the length of the lemma, with copious short to medium-sized hairs 0.5 - 1.4 mm long, the hairs reaching from 4 / 5 to sometimes passing the apex of the lemma, apex of rachilla sometimes clavate. Lodicules 2, ca. 0.5 mm long, membranous, acute. Stamens 3, anthers (0.7 -) 1.2 - 1.9 mm long. Ovary ca. 0.5 mm long, small, styles 2, stigmas plumose, short. Caryopses 1 - 1.4 mm long, dorsally slightly gibbose, surcus not noticeable, embryo short, hilum basal, oval; endosperm dry.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
761B5CC2302CA1E78803B3D234DDD61E.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela. The ecology of this species is distinct compared to many Calamagrostis s. l. species as it is usually found in very damp, swamp-like conditions by the side of high-elevation lakes or watercourses in Andean paramo or jalca vegetation, less often in humid open paramo.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
761B5CC2302CA1E78803B3D234DDD61E.taxon	materials_examined	Other specimens examined. COLOMBIA. Boyaca: Below Las Playas de Ritacuba in the Cocuy mountains above Guican, on the banks of a fast-flowing stream coming off the snow fields and passing through thinly vegetated moraine covered country, 4100 m alt., 24 Jun. 1984, J. R. I. Wood 4457 (K). Cauca: Purace National Park, Laguna de San Rafael, in open boggy paramo in the lake basin, particularly in banks by ditches, 3300 m alt., 6 Apr. 1985, J. R. I. Wood 4803 (K); Volcan Purace, above Pilimbala, frequent in bog pools in high paramo, 3700 - 4000 m alt., 5 Apr. 1985, J. R. I. Wood 4787 (K). ECUADOR. Pichincha: road Olmedo-Laguna San Marcos, W of the pass, 0 ° 5 ' N; 78 ° 1 - 2 ' W, 3600 m alt., 10 Jul. 1980, B. Ollgaard et al. 34406 (K); Along road to Refugio, Volcan Cayembe, paramo and swamp, 00 ° 04 ' S; 77 ° 54 ' W, 4300 m alt., 2 Mar. 1988, S. Renvoize 70510 (K). Napo: Eastern Cordillera, Llanganati Mountains, by Lake Aucacocha, on stream sides in bog, forming large tussocks up to 20 cm across, 3750 m alt., 16 Aug. 1969, P. J. Edwards 127 (K); Eastern Cordillera, Llanganati Mountains, by Lake Aucacocha, growing in the wettest area of the bog, in clusters of tufts, sheath bases submerged in peat, 3700 m alt., Aug. 1969, P. J. Edwards 62 (K).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
E8856CC52742240BBABB5F9EF181945A.taxon	materials_examined	Type. COLOMBIA. Cundinamarca: Mun. Santa Rosa-Usme, Sumapaz paramo, by Laguna Larga, in swamp at the edge of the lake in open paramo country, 3700 m alt., 19 Aug. 1985, J. R. I. Wood 5033 (holotype: FMB (FMB 11918!); isotypes: COL (COL 000434793!), K [2 sheets]!).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
E8856CC52742240BBABB5F9EF181945A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Deschampsia podophora var. mutica differs from D. podophora by the lemmas being muticous and lacking awns (vs. lemmas usually with a well-developed dorsal awn inserted in the lower or middle third of the spikelet, measuring 1.5 - 3.5 (- 4) mm long and usually not surpassing the glumes), tussock-forming habit with multiple culms and leaves mainly cauline, without a basal mat clearly shorter than the flowering culms (vs. plants forming short isolated tufts with solitary culms and the leaves forming a short basal mat clearly shorter than the largely exerted flowering culms), inflorescences often sub-included in the sheaths and blades (vs. flowering culms largely exerted from basal mats); leaf blades 11 - 22 cm long, 0.35 - 0.6 mm wide when rolled, often dimorphic, those of the innovations filiform and cylindrical to subelliptic in outline, while upper flowering culm blades 6.5 - 25 cm long, 2 - 7 mm wide when opened out, usually wider and flat, conduplicate or convolute towards the pungent apices (vs. leaf blades 5 - 8 cm long, 2 - 3 mm wide, not clearly dimorphic, with all blades flat or conduplicate, apices obtuse), ligules 4 - 11 mm long (vs. ligules generally longer, 10 - 22 mm long), anthers (1.4 -) 1.8 - 1.9 mm long (vs. anthers (0.7 -) 1.2 - 1.5 mm long), upper glume lateral veins reaching from 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 the length of the glume (vs. upper glume lateral veins short, <1 / 2 length of glume).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
E8856CC52742240BBABB5F9EF181945A.taxon	description	Description. Tufted perennial with vertical rhizomes forming medium-sized tussocks with leaf blades both basal and cauline and some cauline blades often surpassing the inflorescence. Culms 26 - 110 cm tall, to 3 mm wide, erect, striate, nodes and internodes terete, smooth and lustrous; nodes hidden in the sheaths with no nodes exposed at flowering; uppermost internodes 23 - 32.5 cm long, not, or not pronouncedly, longer than the sheath; Sheaths striate; flag leaf sheaths 22 - 38 cm long; upper culm sheaths lax, glabrous and smooth; basal leaf sheaths 4.5 - 20 cm long, glabrous and smooth, longer than the internodes. Ligules not stipulate; upper culm ligules 7.5 - 11 mm long, strongly decurrent with the sheaths, long acuminate, membranous to slightly coriaceous, without notable lateral keels, apices erose or narrowly bifid, sometimes fimbriate, abaxial surface smooth; ligules of innovations 4 - 9 mm long, slightly to strongly decurrent with the sheaths, long acuminate, membranous to slightly coriaceous, lateral keels sometimes notable, apices a narrow bifid point, sometimes slightly erose, abaxial surface smooth or sometimes slightly scabrous at the apex. Leaf blades sometimes dimorphic, those of the innovations filiform and cylindrical to subelliptic in outline while those of the upper flowering culm are usually wider and flat, conduplicate, or convolute towards the apices; leaf blades of innovations 11 - 22 cm long, 0.35 - 1 mm wide when rolled or folded, narrow and conduplicate or filiform involute or convolute and cylindrical to subelliptical in outline, rarely completely flat, sometimes opening out to become flat at their apices, straight and erect, glabrous, abaxially smooth, adaxially lightly scaberulous along the veins or rarely smooth, edges smooth or slightly scaberulous, apex obtuse to slightly pungent; leaf blades of lower flowering culm to 1.2 mm wide when rolled or folded, similar to those of the innovations or slightly wider; leaf blades of upper flowering culm 6.5 - 25 cm long, 2 - 7 mm wide when opened out, flat, conduplicate or convolute towards the apices, glabrous, abaxially smooth to finely scaberulous, sometimes becoming densely scabrous at the apex, adaxially smooth or scaberulous towards the margins, veins pronounced, numerous and tightly packed, edges smooth or slightly scaberulous, apex acute to pungent; flag leaf blade ca. 2.9 cm long, recurved, slightly narrower than the basal blade. Panicles 10 - 25 cm long, 5 - 8 cm wide, open and diffuse with main axis having long internodes, oval, usually slightly to moderately included in the uppermost sheath and / or blade, greenish-purple, spikelets tending to be laxly glomerate on the distal half of the inflorescence branches with the proximal half usually lacking spikelets; main panicle axis terete to slightly compressed, usually with a narrow groove running down both sides, glabrous, smooth to lightly scaberulous, internodes tending to be very long, lower internode 5.5 - 11.5 cm long; panicle branches flexuous, spreading, pendulous or divergent at a 45 ° angle to slightly ascending; primary panicle branches 1.5 - 8 cm long, bearing 10 to over 50 spikelets per branch, terete and slightly grooved, verticillate in clusters of 2 or 3, glabrous, almost smooth to lightly scabrous; pedicels 0.5 - 2.5 mm long, usually shorter than the spikelets, glabrous, lightly scabrous. Glumes 4.5 - 4.9 mm long, subequal, the lower glume 0.3 - 0.6 mm shorter than the upper glume, membranous, purplish-green, lustrous, smooth or sometimes lightly scabrous throughout the keel of the upper glume; lower glume 1 - veined, apex usually bidentate, less frequently finely denticulate or erose; upper glume 3 - veined, lateral veins reaching from 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 the length of the glume, apex usually acuminate, sometimes finely denticulate. Floret stipitate, much shorter than the glumes, never passing the apex of the lower glume. Lemmas 2.8 - 3.4 mm long, of the same consistency as the glumes, light green with purple tinges towards apex, becoming golden at maturity, glabrous, smooth with the keel apex rarely scaberulous, apex truncate and denticulate, usually with 5 clearly distinguished teeth, 0.3 mm long, and erose between the teeth, 5 - veined, veins not evident; muticous and lacking an awn. Rachilla 1.5 - 2.5 mm long, reaching from 2 / 3 to 4 / 5 the length of the lemma, with copious short to medium-sized hairs 0.5 - 1.4 mm long, the hairs reaching from 4 / 5 to almost the apex of the lemma and usually surpassing the palea, apex of rachilla often clavate. Stamens 3, anthers (1.4 -) 1.8 - 1.9 mm long.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
E8856CC52742240BBABB5F9EF181945A.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Endemic to Colombia. Known from paramos of the Cordillera Oriental and Cordillera Central of the Colombian Andes. For the Cordillera Oriental, the species is known from Departamento Cundinamarca municipalities Usme and Santa Rosa and Paramo Pisba of Departamento Boyaca. For the Cordillera Central, the species is known from Paramo del Quindio and Paramos de la Laguna del Mosquito of Departamento Caldas. Found in humid, swampy areas, often by rivers or lakes and less often in more mesic habitats, such as road verges (presumed damp). The type specimens were collected from swampy areas bordering the Laguna Larga of the Sumapaz paramo in Cundinamarca. The holotype shows signs of grazing, with blades and culms abruptly cut.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
E8856CC52742240BBABB5F9EF181945A.taxon	materials_examined	Other specimens examined. COLOMBIA. Boyaca: Mun. Socota: Paramo Pisba, Pena Negra, lagoon " Choro Negro ", paramo with Calamagrostis effusa, Espeletia sp., Chusquea sp., Diplostephium sp. etc., swampy, 3500 m alt., 11 Feb. 1999, D. Stancik & S. Medina 2351 (COL- 000184768; FMB- 051200); Paramo Pisba, Alto de Calarca, humid grassy paramo with Calamagrostis effusa, Espeletia sp., Chusquea sp. et bunch Grass, 3600 m alt., 11 Feb. 1999, D. Stancik & S. Medina 2331 (FMB- 046617). Caldas: Paramo del Quindio, swale in paramo valley, 3700 - 4200 m alt., 15 - 20 Aug. 1922, F. W. Pennell & T. E. Hazen 9949 (K); Cordillera Central, cabeceras del rio Otum, bajando del Nevado de Santa Isabel, paramos de la Laguna del Mosquito, 3820 m alt., 26 Nov. 1946, J. Cuatrecasas 23233 (K). Cundinamarca: Mun. Usme: Laguna Chizaca, hierba creciendo al lado de la carretera que conduce a la laguna, 26 Jul. 1986, A. Betancur & M. Palacio 44 (HUA- 47083); Paramo de Chisaca, growing in marsh near lagoon, 3750 m alt., 30 Sep. 1966, T. R. Soderstrom 1273 (K).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
E8856CC52742240BBABB5F9EF181945A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The varietal epithet refers to the absence of an awn inserted in the dorsal surface of the lemma.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
033F3FC84AD448467C4BF9717E5A8F51.taxon	materials_examined	Type. COLOMBIA. Magdalena: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, valley descending south-western from Picos Reina and Ojeda, rocky and sandy paramos above Laguna Naboba and Laguna Reina, superparamo, 4300 - 4500 m alt., 5 Oct. 1959, J. Cuatrecasas & R. Romero Castaneda 24607 (holotype: COL (COL 000184738!); isotype: US (US 01240776! )).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
033F3FC84AD448467C4BF9717E5A8F51.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Deschampsia santamartensis is similar to Deschampsia hackelii (Lillo) Saarela, but differs in having broad, rigid and erect, strongly conduplicate blades, 1.5 - 2.5 mm when folded (vs. filiform and curved leaf blades 0.5 - 1 mm wide when folded), ligules short and often truncate or obtuse with ligules of innovations 0.5 - 1 mm long and ligules of upper flowering culms 3 - 4 mm long (vs. ligules long and acuminate 3.5 - 7 mm long), ellipsoid spike-like panicles 3 - 5.5 long x 1.5 - 2.5 cm wide (vs. capituliform spherical panicles 1 - 3 cm long x 1 - 2 cm wide), lemma surfaces moderately to lightly scabrous between the veins (vs. smooth), lemma apices acute to muticous and entire (vs. truncate and irregularly dentate), rachilla extension often absent (vs. always present, 0.5 - 1 mm long) and inside of the floret often with hyaline shiny sinuous trichomes to 1 mm long emerging from the base of the ovary (vs. lacking trichomes).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
033F3FC84AD448467C4BF9717E5A8F51.taxon	description	Description. Tufted perennial forming short dense tufts with vertical rhizomes and papyraceous, fibrous basal sheaths, leaves form a basal mat to 12 cm tall and much shorter than the exerted culms. Tillers intravaginal. Culms 9 - 20 cm tall, 1 - 1.5 mm wide, erect, exerted from the basal foliage, not obviously striate, densely papilliate; nodes and internodes terete, densely papilliate, not lustrous, nodes hidden in the sheaths with no nodes exposed at flowering; uppermost internodes 10 - 18 cm long, longer than the sheaths. Sheaths weakly striate, slightly keeled; flag leaf sheaths 7 - 10 cm long; upper culm sheaths lax, glabrous, smooth, densely papilliate; basal leaf sheaths 2 - 3 cm long, longer than the internodes, glabrous, smooth or slightly scabrous, densely papilliate, older basal sheaths papyraceous and fibrous with the fibres becoming slightly curly as the sheaths decay and leave just the fibres. Ligules not stipulate; upper culm ligules 3 - 4 mm long, regularly decurrent with the sheaths, broadly shouldered with an attenuate central point, hyaline, without notable lateral keels, apices entire or irregularly dentate, abaxial surface smooth and sparsely papilliate; ligules of innovations 0.5 - 1 mm long, strongly decurrent with the sheaths, broadly shouldered and sometimes with a lateral extension or lobe that extends ca. 1 mm long, the centre of the ligule truncate to obtuse and irregularly dentate, hyaline, without notable lateral keels, abaxial surface scabrous with distinct, mostly retrorse, spinules, with spinules tending to run down the throat and occur on the collar margin. Leaf blades 2.5 - 8 cm long, 1.5 - 2.5 mm wide when folded, gradually reduced up the culm, strongly conduplicate with margins frequently inrolled, weakly keeled, erect to slightly divergent, glabrous, abaxial blade surface smooth, strongly papilliate, adaxial blade surface scabrous mainly in the centre in lines along the veins, veins pronounced, margins moderately scaberulous, apex naviculate with a slightly pungent mucronate point; flag leaf blade 1.7 - 3 cm long, slightly narrower than lower culm blades. Panicles 3 - 5.5 cm long, 1.5 - 2.5 cm wide, dense, ellipsoid, golden-purple, densely spiculate, sometimes interrupted towards the base, spikelets present from near the base; main panicle axis terete, glabrous, smooth, lower internode ca. 1 cm long; panicle branches short, ascending; primary panicle branches 1 - 2 cm long, bearing 15 - 50 spikelets per branch, verticillate in clusters of 1 - 3, terete, glabrous, almost smooth to lightly scabrous, papilliate; pedicels 0.5 - 1.5 mm long, much shorter than the spikelets, glabrous, lightly scabrous, papilliate. Spikelets 1 - flowered, strongly laterally compressed, disarticulating above the glumes (not seen); glumes, lemma and palea slightly asymmetrical. Glumes 4.6 - 5.5 mm long, subequal or rarely unequal, lower glumes 0.5 - 1.5 mm shorter than the upper glumes, membranous, purplish grading to a scarious golden-bronze margin, sub-lustrous, papilliate, very sparsely scabrous on the keels, edges smooth, apices acute to acuminate, entire to infrequently irregularly denticulate; lower glume 1 - veined; upper glume 3 or sometimes faintly 5 - veined, lateral veins reaching half the length of the glume. Florets stipitate, single, included in the glumes, subequalling the apex of the lower glume. Lowermost rachilla internode (0.25 -) 0.4 - 0.5 mm long, prolonged between the glumes and the floret, terete, slightly dilated at its apex, glabrous, smooth. Lemmas 4 - 4.5 mm long, of the same consistency as the glumes, golden-purple with a broad scarious margin and apex, glabrous, long scabrous to pectinate scabrous along the keel for most its length, lemma surface moderately to sparsely scabrous between the veins distally for up to 3 / 4 the length of the lemma, apex slightly falcate, acute to muticous, entire, apex margins broadly scarious and somewhat incurved, 5 - veined, veins generally not evident, sometimes apparent towards the base; awn absent. Paleas slightly shorter than the lemma, of the same consistency, golden, scarious, keels closely spaced with the keel flanges twice as broad as the gap between the keels, one keel more pronounced than the other, regularly scabrous and notable in the upper 2 / 3 of the length, scabrous between the keels, apex sometimes inconspicuously bidentate. Callus base rounded and slightly dorsally compressed above, glabrous. Rachilla absent or to 0.6 (- 1) mm long, glabrescent with a few short hairs at the apex. Lodicules 2, ca. 0.4 mm long, as broad as long, membranous, flabellate, with an acute lobe. Stamens 3, anthers 2 - 2.2 mm long. Ovary ca. 0.6 mm long, small, styles 2, stigmas plumose with secondary branching, short, often with scarce hyaline, shiny and sinuous trichomes to 1 mm long emerging from the base of the ovary. Caryopsis ca. 2 mm long, ca. 0.6 mm wide, obovate, laterally compressed in cross section, hilum 0.2 mm long, circular to obovate, ventral groove shallow and narrow and not conspicuous, pale honey brown, embryo ca. 0.4 mm long, apex with remains of style bases <0.1 mm long, with remains of short plumose stigmas attached; endosperm liquid.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
033F3FC84AD448467C4BF9717E5A8F51.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Known only from the type specimen that was collected from a southwest facing valley descending from Picos Reina and Ojeda in the centre of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. The specimen was collected from high elevation rocky and sandy superparamo vegetation above 4300 m.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
033F3FC84AD448467C4BF9717E5A8F51.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet refers to the type locality of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
9EFF8FD9B8942218533A63BE4B8EFAC2.taxon	materials_examined	Type. ECUADOR. Crece en las pajonales del Pichincha entre 3650 y 4200 m, Sodiro s. n. (not located).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
C9180A2C2AC389E0C14BF03867ECB117.taxon	materials_examined	Type. ECUADOR. Pichincha: Crece en los pajonales de los montes Pichincha, Chimborazo y El Altar [occid. M. Pichincha, Tablahuasi], Aug. 1888, L. Sodiro 25 / 10 (lectotype, designated here: W (W 1916 - 0037841 [image!]); isolectotype: W (W 1916 - 0037840 [image!] )).	en	Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Bravo-Pedraza, William J., Cuta-Alarcon, Lia E., Giraldo-Canas, Diego, Aguilar-Cano, Jose, Peterson, Paul M. (2019): Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia. PhytoKeys 122: 29-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
