identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038E87E5FFF9EC7709A4FF66F3E4A395.text	038E87E5FFF9EC7709A4FF66F3E4A395.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geelus Stiller 2020	<div><p>Genus Geelus gen.n.</p> <p>Type species: Geelus dundraad gen. n. &amp; sp. n., by present designation.</p> <p>Type locality: South Africa, Western Cape Province, Wiedouw Farm at the base of Gifberg Pass, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.7666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.7334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.7666/lat -31.7334)">Vanrhynsdorp</a>, -31.7334, 18.7666.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Male and female macropterous with hind wing with articulated jugal lobe, 4.2–5.4 mm from apex of crown to apex of tegmina. Face roundly merged with crown. Crown uniformly rounded with medial length similar to length next to compound eye, or acute. Yellowish to stramineous without fuscous markings or sometimes with light brown to brown circular markings on crown and pronotum (e.g. G. dundraad from Klipheuwel, the road between Koelenhof and Klapmuts and Studland farm, Muldersvlei), and sometimes markings in tegmina. Pygofer lobe dorsomedially with ventrally or dorsoposteriorly curved spine-like process or apically with dorsomedially or mediodorsally curved spine-like process. Plate with uniseriate macrosetae. Connective Y-shaped with stem slightly shorter than arms. Style with preapical lobe narrow or absent.Aedeagus with shaft thin or thick, tubular or depressed dorsoventrally, immaculate or dentate apically, subapically on anterior surface or medially, with process shorter than diameter of shaft.</p> <p>Etymology. Named for the yellow color of its species in Afrikaans, the language mostly spoken in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, geel, pronounced, according to the International Phonetic Alphabet /xeəl/, /ɣeɫ/. Latinized by the suffix -us, gender masculine.</p> <p>Male, female &amp; nymph. Color. Most species entirely yellow to light brown, without markings (e.g. Figs 1 A–D, 1G, 1H, 2A, 2H, 5H) except specimens of G. dundraad from Koelenhof—Klapmuts road, Klipheuwel and Studland farm, Muldersvlei area, with four distinct and two less distinct brown spots on the crown and 2–4 brown spots on the pronotum (Figs 1E, 1F, 2E, 2F). Geelus haakdraad with many brown to dark brown irrorations and patterns in claval cells (Figs 15C, D, H, I) or some specimens of G. haakdraad yellowish (Figs 15A, B, E, F). Scutellum yellow to light brown, basal angles usually as rest of scutellum. Tegmina with cells translucent, veins yellow to light brown, hind wings smoky translucent, giving tegmina darker appearance. Nymphs uniformly light brown to yellow, typical of adult color. Some specimens with distinct median pale yellow, longitudinal line and some specimens with small paired, dark brown marking at margin of face and crown (Figs 5D, 5G, 7G, 7H). Small nymph, considered early instars, were rare, 2.0– 2.5 mm long with color as in Figs 5B, C. Large nymphs considered late instars were 2.8–3.9 mm long.</p> <p>External morphology. Head in dorsal view with crown uniformly rounded or triangular in Geelus haakdraad, apical angle obtuse (trigonometric value, all species, both sexes, 122.4 °±5.3°, n=583), smallest angle in some specimens of G. haakdraad, 110°, largest angle in some specimens of G. dundraad, 136°; crown rounded to face, ocelli on margin of crown, 66.2–87.1µm between ocellus and eye; disc smooth. Pronotum transversely rugose (Fig. 3A), with short, lateral carina (Fig. 3C). Face with clypellus constricted at base, clypeus with margins divergent (Fig. 3B). Nymph with equidistantly triangular crown (e.g. Figs. 2 B–D, 5B–D).</p> <p>Chaetotaxy. Setal arrangement for metafemur distally 2+2+1, with median pair unequal in length, single, basal seta longer than distal pairs of setae. Metatarsomere I distal plantar surface with four rounded platellae and one acute seta, metatarsomere II distally with 2–3 rounded platellae, and lateral setae both acute or one acute seta. Setal arrangement for protibia 4+4 and mesotibia 4+1. Profemur with 10–15 short AV setae, intercalary setae approximately 10 and one thicker and longer AM seta distally.</p> <p>Wings. Tegmina with four apical cells, 2–3 anteapical cells (inner anteapical and inner discal cells sometimes merged), appendix very narrow. Hind wing with jugal lobe.</p> <p>Male &amp; female. Abdominal apodemes. Posterior apodeme with medial, paired desclerotized lobes, lobes elongated mediad or narrow, shape rounded or angulate, lobes often larger than in female. Anterior abdominal apodeme with narrow desclerotized paired lobes.</p> <p>Male. Size. Average range for all species. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.21–5.25 mm. Crown median length 0.36–0.43 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.31–0.35 mm. Pronotum length 0.46–0.54 mm. Head width across eyes 1.32–1.49 mm. Pronotum width 1.25–1.40 mm. Ocellus diameter 38.7–51.2 µm; interocular distance 63.7–84.3 µm (between compound eye and ocellus).</p> <p>Genital capsule. Pygofer. Dimensions variable, in lateral view, about as long as wide, sometimes longer than wide, slightly compressed dorsoventrally, anterior apodeme usually short, widely attached to pygofer, sometimes elongate. Pygofer medially with sclerotized, paired disk-like structure in phragma, between anal tube and dorsal apodeme of aedeagus, shape ovoid, circular or amorphous, variable in size, orientation vertical or horizontal or intermediate.</p> <p>Pygofer lobe. Usually widely attached to pygofer, broadly or narrowly triangular; apex broadly or rarely narrowly rounded, up to 30 elongate macrosetae; large, well-sclerotized spine-like process at apex, subapex or base, process curvature convex, concave or sublinear, orientation of apex mediad, ventrad or rarely posteriad, process originating apically, subapically or basally from medial surface of lobe; process sometimes modified, i.e. base with 2–4 short teeth (G. dundraad, G. driehoekdraad), apex bipinnate (G. haakdraad) or subbase dorsally with numerous denticles (G. kinkeldraad).</p> <p>Anal tube. With segment X conical or cylindrical; anal tube longer, shorter or sometimes as long as pygofer lobe; incision into pygofer deep, more than half way; moderately sclerotized, similar degree of sclerotization as pygofer. Species with short aedeagus usually with membranous recess ventromedially, to accommodate apex of aedeagus. G. viertanddraad with subbasal ventral elongated, rounded process; all other species with base not modified.</p> <p>Valve. With four shapes recognized: reniform (distal margin rounded, proximal margin concave), lenticular (biconvex margins distally and proximally, symmetric or asymmetric, i.e. curvature similar or different), obtusely triangular (distal margins more or less straight with distal apical angle&gt; 90° and proximal margin straight) and acutely triangular (distal margins more or less straight with distal apical angle &lt;90° and proximal margin straight).</p> <p>Subgenital plate. Triangular or rectangular; macrosetae usually uniseriate, 4–7 uniseriate, submarginal, fine setae laterally (plates separated by 6–20°) or 12–19 irregularly arranged setae (plates contiguous) or rarely multiseriate, marginal to submarginal, with 20–30 macrosetae (G. haakdraad and G. viertanddraaad).</p> <p>Style. Linear, extending deep into plate (at least half way or further), apophysis denticulate ventrally with apical (e.g. G. slangdraad), or medial ventral tooth, tooth sometimes visible as lateral protrusion in dorsal profile, or glabrous; apophysis linear to sublinear, curvate in some specimens of G. dundraad, and angulate in G. lemdraad; apex usually rounded or rarely rectangular or expanded; preapical lobe present or absent; median anterior arm short; lateral anterior arm wide, elongate.</p> <p>Connective. Stem slightly shorter than arms (stem length/arm length 0.74±0.20), arms subparallel; stem about half as wide as greatest width across arms (stem width/arm width 0.51±0.13). Angle of arms at base 54.2°±9.6°, apices of arms subparallel.</p> <p>Aedeagus. Two configurations recognized: differentiated into dorsal apodeme with elongate shaft, and short preatrium articulated with the connective or dorsal apodeme reduced with short shaft and elongate preatrium articulated with the connective. Dorsal apodeme right-angled or acutely angled to shaft or dorsal apodeme reduced with atrium and preatrium then obtuse or linear relative to shaft. Shaft thin or thick: thin, 7–30 µm in dorsal or ventral view at apex or subapex, and 11–45 µm in dorsal or ventral view at base or subbase; thick, 50–80 µm in lateral view at apex or subapex, 60–80 µm in lateral view at base or subbase. Aedeagal shaft smooth or with teeth in various combinations and teeth always shorter than diameter of shaft. Shaft tubular, elongate, sometimes compressed or depressed, or short in G. stompdraad; edentate in G. dundraad, G. platdraad and G. slangdraad, or dentate with subapical and medial unpaired teeth (G. stompdraad) or paired, medial teeth (G. nektanddraad) or apical teeth (G. vurkdraad, G. driehoekdraad and G. kinkeldraad) or subapical teeth (G drietanddraad and G. haakdraad).</p> <p>Female. Size. Average range for all species. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.23–5.41 mm. Crown median length 0.39–0.45 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.33–0.37 mm. Pronotum median length 0.49–0.57 mm. Head width across eyes 1.40–1.57 mm. Pronotum width 1.33–1.48 mm. Ocellus diameter 37.5–53.6 μm; in- terocular distance 69.2–89.5 µm.</p> <p>Genital capsule. Sternite 7 variable, deep or shallow notch with or without long or short rounded, rectangular or notched ligula.</p> <p>Sternite 7 notched:</p> <p>Valvula 1. Lanceolate with striate sculpture.</p> <p>Valvula 2. Narrow, parallel–sided, rounded serrations (sometimes with microserration in trough) on apical third, with shallow dent medially, basal half with sclerotized area.</p> <p>Valvula 3. With apex wide, base narrow (wide in G. slangdraad), apex with 3–16 long apical, submarginal macrosetae (length 34–57 µm, range for all species), short macrosetae 17–28µm in length.</p> <p>Remarks. The genus is placed in Bonaspeiini under Deltocephalinae based on the face smoothly rounded to the crown (carina absent) and the Y-shaped connective with short stem and arms about twice as long as stem. These relationships have been discussed by Linnavuori &amp; Al-Ne’Amy (1983) and Zahniser and Dietrich (2013). The Bonaspeiini genera Capeolix Linnavuori and Renosteria Theron (Deltocephalinae) are probably the most similar to Geelus with regard to wing development, shape and size. Capeolix, with redescription in Davies &amp; Geertsema (1998), is recognized by the brown markings on the face, crown and pronotum, with a distinct marginal transverse marking from the eye to apex of the crown and length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.91–5.23 mm. Genitalia of Capeolix have the pygofer lobe with a short, sclerotized process apically, directed posteriorly and the aedeagal shaft apically or subapically with prominent, elongate, laterally, ventrally or dorsally directed spines. In the present understanding of the generic definition of Capeolix the pygofer process is apical and posteriad. Distinguishing features for Capeolix include the aedeagus with apical, elongate processes (longer than twice the diameter of the shaft); pygofer process apical or subapical and produced beyond apex of pygofer lobe, posteriad or ventroposteriad. In Geelus the pygofer process is apical, subapical or basal, oriented ventrad or mediad with the apex acuminate, and about twice as long as in Capeolix. Other distinguishing features for Geelus are the pygofer process confined to or within the margins of the pygofer lobe; aedeagus with short apical, subapical or medial teeth or processes shorter than diameter of shaft; crown unmarked; and habitus color yellow to light brown. A number of undescribed species allied to Capeolix have been examined and correspond with this definition (M. Stiller, personal observation). Renosteria Theron is distinguished from Geelus by the following features: color yellow-green, size smaller (3.3–4.6 mm), crown pointed and unmarked (ratio of crown length to length next to eye 1.5; crown angle by trigonometry 103.0°±1.8°, 101.1°–104.8°), aedeagus with elongate, paired preatrial appendage, half as long as shaft or as long as shaft. In most species of Geelus the ratio of crown length to length next to eye is 1.2, in G. haakdraad 1.4, internally male genitalia are also distinctly different (see Theron, 1984). Renosteria is also one of the few known host-specific genera occurring in the Fynbos on a pioneer plant, Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis Less. (Asteraceae). Speciose genera such as Bonaspeia Linnavuori, Caffrolix Linnavuori and Curvostylus Linnavuori need to be re-evaluated based on re-examination of the pygofer process (M. Stiller, personal observation). Davies (1987) and Theron (1974) indicated all species of Bonaspeia with a subapical or medial straight or sometimes curvate pygofer process, and possibly always with a single triangular apical tooth. Species in Caffrolix and Curvostylus either lack the process or have the pygofer process variable in size and orientation. At present the shape of the apophysis of the style appears to be the only means of separation of species in Bonaspeia and Curvostylus. Furthermore, properties of the connective and style require investigation for relations in morphometrics or other features. Stellena nigrifrons (Naudé) (Theron 1973) has a similar yellow coloration to that of Geelus, but is assigned to the Macrostelini and has a dark brown marking on the clypeus. In contrast Geelus has no prominent fuscous markings (except faint, amorphous markings in the Koelenhof, Klapmuts and Muldersvlei specimens of G. dundraad, and some specimens of two species of Geelus from Namibia), and the pygofer lobe has a sclerotized process originating apically or subapically, with the apex curved medially with apices overlapping or touching, or ventroposteriorly or ventrally. The aedeagal configuration of Geelus is variable with an unmodified thin or thick shaft, or modified with short apical, subapical or medial spines, directed ventrally or anteroventrally.</p> <p>Wing development. The new species in Geelus have well developed hind wings, with a jugal lobe, and well developed tegmina. Cerus and Renosteria species have well developed tegmina and hind wings with jugal lobe, albeit narrower than tegmina in the former and wider in the latter. Capeolix, Dagama, Discolopeus, Houtbayana, Korana have well developed fore and hind wings. Provisionally two groups with reduced hind wings are recognized in Bonaspeiini. Narrowed hind wing, about as long as tegmina, without jugal lobe, or reduced jugal lobe: Bonaspeia, Caffrolix, Colistra, Curvostylus, Gcaleka, Kaapia, Kimbella, Megaulon, Proekes, Proekoides, Refrolix. Reduced, scale-like hind wing, tegmina reduced with its apex extending to abdominal tergite 3–5: Basutoia, Bloemia, Bretega, Hadroca, Johanus, Salsocolila, Salsolibia, Tzitzikamaia.</p> <p>Plant associations. A relatively large number of associated plants have been recorded for many species of Geelus, mostly from Biesiesfontein, Wiedouw and Gifberg Pass (all plants in Table 1). Specimens of G. platdraad collected by Theron at one locality on two different plants produced males with some variation and distinct differences in the shape of the female sternite 7. Geelus dundraad was collected on Rooibos Tea (Aspalathus linearis, Fabaceae) in August and November 1996 in commercial and wild habitats, with nymphs in low numbers (31 males, 4 females and 2 nymphs without associated adults from Oudam farm, -32.0733 18.6967, 26.xi.1996, R.G. Oberprieler, R. Stals &amp; M. Stiller, on Aspalathus linearis in 5–6 year old plantation). Geelus dundraad from Gifberg, Biesiesfontein and Wiedouw produced 12 plant records. Records of adults and nymphs with associated plants relative</p> <p>to total records was still relatively low, e.g. 24 records with nymphs (135 males, 93 females, 201 nymphs, n=429)</p> <p>that included the following:</p> <p>1. Geelus dundraad on Diosma hirsuta (Fig. 22F), Passerina truncata subsp. truncata (Fig. 22G), Phylica oleifolia and Wiborgia mucronata (Fig. 22H).</p> <p>2. Geelus vurkdraad on Calobota angustifolia (Fig. 22B) and Oedera genistifolia (Fig. 22A).</p> <p>3. Geelus kinkeldraad on Montinia caryophyllacea (Fig. 22C), Pteronia divariculata (Fig. 22D) and Searsia undulata (Fig. 22E). (Figs 22 A–H, www.newposa.sanbi.org/sanbi/explore, last accessed August 2019).</p> <p>Distributions of these and other plants were often much wider than the distributions of Geelus species. Records of adults without nymphs were 66 (301 males, 184 females, n=485) out of 90 in total.</p> <p>Distribution. This genus was recorded in the Albany Thicket, Fynbos and Succulent Karoo Biomes of the Western Cape and Northern Cape Provinces (South Africa), with its northern and eastern range still poorly known. The species from Namibia, on the Brandberg and Waterberg Plateau (G. haakdraad) and the species from Kamanjab (G. viertanddraad) indicated a wider northern distribution.According to Mucina &amp; Rutherford the Succulent Karoo Biome extends further east, but this eastern extent might be dominated by Discolopeus (Stiller 2019). Modelling of potential natural distribution is in Figs 23A and 23B suggested a small region despite the well-developed wings and expected higher mobility and wider plant distributions.</p> <p>Discussion. This genus is described for 12 new species one of which is associated with Rooibos tea in most of the cultivated areas, but has, to date, not been found on the cultivated tea on the coastal plain. Species recognition is difficult due to uniformity of color and shape and their relation with many new species and genera still requiring description. Five specimens were examined representing 2–3 additional species, but will not be described due to low numbers. The trigonometric calculation of the apical angle of the crown appeared more suited than the graphical determination of this angle in an image or line drawing, especially when the margin is rounded in profile. In addition to the angles provided for each species of Geelus, the angles for species of Discolopeus are provided in Table 2 below.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87E5FFF9EC7709A4FF66F3E4A395	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, Michael	Stiller, Michael (2020): A new leafhopper genus Geelus and 12 new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) from Southern Africa. Zootaxa 4786 (3): 301-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.3.1
038E87E5FFFDEC7509A4FD68F68EA523.text	038E87E5FFFDEC7509A4FD68F68EA523.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geelus Stiller 2020	<div><p>Key to males of Geelus</p> <p>1 Aedeagus with shaft thin (7–45 µm diameter), in lateral and ventral view, elongate (Figs 3F, 3G, 4A, 4B, 8C, 12A, 12C, 12D, 12G, 12H, 13A, 13B, 17A, 17B)......................................................................... 2</p> <p>- Aedeagus with shaft thick (50–80 µm diameter), in lateral and ventral view, robust (Figs 6A, 6B, 9A, 9B, 11A, 11B, 14A, 14B, 16A, 16B, 16C, 19A, 19B, 19C, 21A, 21B, 21C)............................................................ 6</p> <p>2 Apex of shaft rectangular (Figs 3F, 3G, 4A, 4B, 12A, 12C, 12D, 12G, 12H, 17A, 17B).............................. 3</p> <p>- Apex with fine fork, or triangular lateral process (Figs 8A, 8B, 8C, 13C, 13D).................................... 5</p> <p>3 Shaft tubular, curved uniformly (Figs 3F, 3G, 4A, 4B); pygofer lobe short, triangular, spine-like process at apex, without teeth or sometimes with 2–4 basal teeth, origin medial, orientation medial or dorsal (Figs 3K, 3L, 3O, 4F, 4G); subgenital plate elongate (1.1–1.3 times longer than wide), macrosetae in distal half (Figs 3L, 4I)........................ G. dundraad sp. n.</p> <p>- Shaft depressed, or tubular and sinuous.................................................................... 4</p> <p>4 Shaft depressed (Figs 12A, 12C, 12D, 12G, 12H), slightly wider in dorsal or ventral view than in lateral view; pygofer lobe short, triangular, spine-like process apical, origin medial, orientation medial or dorsomedial (Fig. 12I); subgenital plate elongate (1.1–1.3 times longer than wide), macrosetae subapically (Figs 12E, 12J)........................... G. platdraad sp. n.</p> <p>- Shaft sinuous in lateral view (Fig. 17B); pygofer lobe with spine-like process smooth, origin dorsomedial, curvate, orientated posteroventrad (Fig. 17H); subgenital plate short (0.5–0.7 times longer than wide), macrosetae near apex (Fig. 17E)............................................................................................ G. slangdraad sp. n.</p> <p>5 Shaft with delicate forked process at apex (Figs 8 A–C); pygofer lobe narrow, triangular, spine-like process curvate, origin dorsomedial, orientation dorsoposteriad (Fig. 8F); subgenital plate elongate (1.0–1.1 times longer than wide), macrosetae near apex (Fig. 8G).......................................................................... G. vurkdraad sp. n.</p> <p>- Shaft with delicate triangular paired tooth laterally at apex to subapex (Figs 13 A–D); pygofer lobe triangular, apex with spinelike process origin medial, straight, 2–4 small teeth on process, orientation mediad (Figs 13F, 13G); subgenital plate elongate (1.5–1.8 times longer than wide), 6–10 macrosetae along most of lateral margin (Fig. 13H)......... G. driehoekdraad sp. n.</p> <p>6 Shaft with short, right-angled elbow-like joint medially, apex enlarged, disc-shaped with paired teeth (Figs 6A, 6E); pygofer lobe triangular, apex rounded, spine-like process origin dorsomediad, sublinear, dorsomedially denticulate, orientated posteroventrad (Fig. 6H); subgenital plate about as long as wide (0.9–1.1 times longer than wide), 3–4 macrosetae (Fig. 6F)........................................................................................... G. kinkeldraad sp. n.</p> <p>- Shaft straight or slightly curved.......................................................................... 7</p> <p>7 Shaft medially with two pairs of teeth, shaft curvate (Figs 9A, 9B), dorsal apodeme reduced, preatrium elongate; pygofer lobe narrowly triangular, smooth spine-like process origin dorsomediad, sublinear, orientated posteroventrad (Fig. 9F); subgenital plate short (0.8–0.9 times longer than wide), three macrosetae near apex (Fig. 9E)................. G. nektanddraad sp. n.</p> <p>- Shaft with teeth subapically, ventromedially, or single medial tooth, or blade-like anterior and posterior margins or paired apical and basal teeth, shaft straight or sublinear, dorsal apodeme variable.............................................. 8</p> <p>8 Shaft with 2–3 unpaired teeth on posterior margin, apex with narrow disc-shaped flange and short, paired posterior teeth (Figs 11A, 11B); dorsal apodeme and preatrium with similar dimensions; pygofer lobe narrowly triangular, spine-like process origin dorsomediad, sublinear, orientated posteroventrad (Fig. 11H); subgenital plate elongate (1.1–1.2 times longer than wide), four macrosetae lateroapically (Fig. 11E)....................................................... G. stompdraad sp. n.</p> <p>- Shaft apically or subapically with paired teeth and single ventral tooth or dorsal semicircular tooth-like structure or basal paired teeth or blade-like anterior and posterior margins............................................................ 9</p> <p>9 Teeth on shaft blade-like, on anterior and posterior margins, of similar length as shaft, dorsal apodeme reduced, shaft sublinear (Figs 21 A–C); pygofer lobe rectangular (Fig. 21F); subgenital plate apex acute, base laterally rounded (Fig. 21J)............................................................................................... G. lemdraad sp. n.</p> <p>- shaft with tooth-like processes, or enlarged transverse tooth, 3–4 teeth, dorsal apodeme variable...................... 10</p> <p>10 Shaft with three teeth................................................................................. 11</p> <p>- Shaft with four teeth, paired teeth at apex and at base (Figs 19 A–C); pygofer lobe rectangular, dorsal margin rounded, acute notch at base, process near dorsal apex, orientation ventromediad (Figs 19E, 19G); subgenital plate with apex acute, densely set with macrosetae (Fig. 19F)............................................................ G. viertanddraad sp. n.</p> <p>11 Shaft with dorsal subapical paired tooth and single ventral subapical tooth, shaft distally tubular, base compressed (Figs 14A, 14B); pygofer lobe with dorsomedial, smooth spine-like process, apex curved ventrad (Fig. 14E); subgenital plate short (0.7– 0.9 times longer than wide), with four macrosetae (Fig. 14F).................................. G. drietanddraad sp. n.</p> <p>- Shaft with paired, subapical, medial tooth and dorsal subapical, semicircular tooth-like process, laterally acuminate, shaft compressed (Figs 16 A–C); pygofer lobe rectangular, apex dorsally with spine, oriented ventrad, apex bipinnate (Figs 16E, 16F); subgenital plate shorter (0.5–0.7 times longer than wide), with up to 30 rows of macrosetae (Fig. 16G).. G. haakdraad sp. n.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87E5FFFDEC7509A4FD68F68EA523	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, Michael	Stiller, Michael (2020): A new leafhopper genus Geelus and 12 new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) from Southern Africa. Zootaxa 4786 (3): 301-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.3.1
038E87E5FFFCEC7F09A4FD52F792A667.text	038E87E5FFFCEC7F09A4FD52F792A667.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geelus dundraad Stiller 2020	<div><p>Geelus dundraad sp.n.</p> <p>Figs 1 A–H, 2A–H, 3A–O, 4A–O</p> <p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal shaft smooth, elongate, tubular, right-angled to elongate dorsal apodeme. Pygofer lobe short, triangular; process at apex, orientation mediad or dorsad. Female sternite 7 wide or narrow notch.</p> <p>Etymology. Named in Afrikaans for the thin, plain, wire-like aedeagus, adjective and noun in apposition, dun, thin and draad, wire. Gender masculine.</p> <p>Male. Abdominal apodemes. Posterior view as in Fig. 3I.</p> <p>Measurements. n=109. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 3.47–3.97 mm. Crown median length 0.32–0.37 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.29–0.34 mm. Pronotum length 0.50–0.55 mm. Head width across eyes 1.37–1.51 mm. Pronotum width 1.27–1.39 mm. Ocellus diameter 38.1–50.7 µm; interocular distance 69.4–88.7 µm. Apical angle of crown 128.4°±2.5°.</p> <p>Pygofer lobe. Orientation, medial (Figs 3K, 3L, 3O) or mediodorsal (Figs 4E, 4F, 4G); process denticulation, 1–2 small, triangular teeth near base (Figs 3L, 4G); process position, apical (Figs 3O, 4E); process curvature, curvate, medially or mediodorsally, anterior apodeme, elongate (Fig. 3O) or short (Fig. 4E). Apex of pygofer lobe relative to apex of subgenital plate variable; in Boskloof, Leipoldville, Citrusdal, Puts farm specimens pygofer lobe apex extended beyond apex of subgenital plate; in other specimens apices are equidistant.</p> <p>Anal tube. Bell-shaped (Fig. 3K) or conical.</p> <p>Subgenital plate. Number of macrosetae, 5–8 (Figs 3L, 4I); medioposterior angle, acute (Figs 3L, 4I) or rightangled in some specimens from Wiedouw; length: width, 1.1–1.3; position of macrosetae, distal half; apex relative to pygofer lobe apex, plate shorter than pygofer lobe (Fig. 3O) or pygofer lobe apex and plate apex of similar length in Koelenhof and Muldersvlei specimens (Fig. 4E).</p> <p>Valve. Shape, lenticular (Fig. 3L) or obtusely triangular in Koelenhof and Muldersvlei specimens (Fig. 4I).</p> <p>Style. Three distinct positions of ventral teeth of the apophysis:</p> <p>1. Apical, latero- and medio-ventrally, apex wider than subapex, connected by ventral ridge in specimens from Clanwilliam, Katbakkies, Piketberg, Puts, Uitsig, Wiedouw (Fig. 3N);</p> <p>2. Apical and subapical, ventral in specimens from Boskloof, Citrusdal, Leipoldtville (Figs 3H, 3M);</p> <p>3. Apical and subapical, lateral in Koelenhof and Muldersvlei specimens (Fig. 4D).</p> <p>Apophysis apex or subapex symmetrical, narrow or wide, relative to width across preapical lobe, wide (more than half as wide as width across preapical lobe) in Clanwilliam, Gifberg, Katbakkies, Koelenhof, Muldersvlei, Piketberg, Puts, Uitsig, Wiedouw (Figs 3N); narrow (less than one third of width across preapical lobe) in Boskloof, Citrusdal and Leipoldtville specimens (Figs 3H, 3L, 3M). Apex asymmetrical, apex narrow, rounded, toothed ventrad, lateral tooth on medial margin, one third from apex (Koelenhof, Muldersvlei) (Figs 4D, 4I). Ratio length to width of apophysis, 2.4–3.2.</p> <p>Connective. Stem length relative to arm length, one-third length of arms. Stem width relative to width across arms, half as wide as greatest width across arms (Figs 3J, 4C).</p> <p>Aedeagus. Shaft thin, apex square. Denticulation of shaft, smooth. Curvature of shaft, curvate. Dorsal apodeme, in lateral view, elongate, in posterior view, rectangular to triangular (Figs 3F, 3G, 4A, 4B).</p> <p>Female. Measurements. n=58. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 3.72–4.11 mm. Crown median length 0.35–0.39 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.32–0.35 mm. Pronotum length 0.54–0.58 mm. Head width across eyes 1.48–1.58 mm. Pronotum width 1.36–1.47 mm. Ocellus diameter 39.3–51.0 μm; interocular distance 73.7–97.9 µm. Apical angle of crown 128°±3°.</p> <p>Sternite 7. Shape posterior margin, shallow V-shaped notch (specimens from Groenkol, Koelenhof, Fig. 4K, Muldersvlei, Fig. 4L); deep V-shaped notch with rounded lateral margins (specimens from Boskloof, Clanwilliam, Citrusdal, Gifberg, Katbakkies, Leipoldtville, Piketberg, Puts, Uitsig, Wiedouw specimen on Diosma and Wiborgia, Fig. 4J, Wiedouw specimen on Diosma, Fig. 4O); deep V-shaped notch, truncated at base and raised in lateral profile; wider, shallow notch with ventral, gutter-like structure (specimens from Piketberg, Fig. 4M, Wiedouw, on Passerina, Jamaka, on Aspalathus, Fig. 4N).</p> <p>Valvifer 1. Ventral margin, symmetrical, rounded; anterior and posterior margins acute (Fig. 4H).</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male. South Africa, Western Cape Province. CCDL 18849, Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass, -31.7334, 18.7666, 3–10.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping, Passerina truncata subsp. truncata, Thymelaeaceae (SANC). Paratypes. 161♂, 77♀, 114 nymphs. Northern Cape Province. 1♂, 1♀, CCDL 26658, Brakwater Oorlogskloof, -31.4656, 19.0799, 17.xii.2016, M. Stiller, sweeping, Oedera sedifolia, Asteraceae; 1♀, CCDL 26661, Swarkliphuis vicinity Oorlogskloof, -31.5128, 19.1137, 18.xii.2016, M. Stiller, sweeping, Phylica oleifolia, Rhamnaceae. Western Cape Province. 1♂, 2♀, CCDL 08589, road between Leipoldtville and Elands Bay, -32.2662, 18.4225, 15.xi.1948, Museum expedition; 5♂, 1♀, CCDL 08597, Leipoldtville, -32.2167, 18.5, 15.xi.1956, South African Museum expedition; 9♂, CCDL 08599, road between Koelenhof and Klapmuts, -33.8833, 18.8, 15.xi.1974, J.G. Theron; 3♂, 2♀, CCDL 08595, Klipheuwel, -33.5667, 18.7, 24.xi.1974, J.G. Theron; 64♂, 27♀, CCDL 08610, Muldersvlei, -33.8167, 18.8167, 26.xi.1974, J.G. Theron; 1♀, CCDL 08596, Citrusdal District, -32.6, 19.05, xi.1948, South African Museum expedition; 7♂, 1♀, CCDL 08602, Citrusdal, -32.6, 19.05, 1.xii.1976, H. Geertsema; 1♂, CCDL 08600, Clanwilliam Dam, -30.2167, 18.9, 26.xii.1976, J.G. Theron; 1♂, CCDL 08601, Katbakkies Pass, -32.8969, 19.5586, 2.xii.1981, J.G. Theron; 2♂, 1♀, CCDL 08603, Versveld Pass, -32.85, 18.75, 17.xii.1981, G. Höppner; 2♀, CCDL 08608, Groenkol Farm, -32.1, 18.7, 1.viii.1996, O.C. Neser, R.G. Oberpri- eler, sweeping, Aspalathus linearis, Fabaceae; 5♂, 1♀, CCDL 08604, Boskloof, -32.2167, 18.9833, 25.xi.1996, O.C. Neser, R.G. Oberprieler, sweeping, young rooibos tea growing wild in mountain fynbos; 4♂, CCDL 08609, Kriedouw Farm, -32.3167, 18.9667, 27.xi.1996, O.C. Neser, R.G. Oberprieler, beating, “swart tee” form of rooibos tea growing wild in mountain fynbos, Aspalathus linearis, Fabaceae; 1♂, CCDL 08607, Seekoevlei Farm, - 32.15, 18.75, 27.xi.1996, O.C. Neser, M. Stiller, DVac, 5 year old plantation., Aspalathus linearis, Fabaceae; 18♂, 1♀, CCDL 08605, Uitsig Farm, -31.9667, 19.1167, 28.xi.1996, O.C. Neser, R.G. Oberprieler, DVac, 2 year old plantation, Aspalathus linearis, Fabaceae; 3♂, 2 nymphs, CCDL 08606, Puts Farm, -31.7833, 18.6833, 29.xi.1996, O.C. Neser, R.G. Oberprieler, 1 year old plantation, Aspalathus linearis, Fabaceae; 6♂, 2♀, CCDL 26938, Wie- douw Farm base of Gifberg Pass, -31.7334, 18.7666, 3–10.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping, low vegetation (grass and forbs) in area cleared by burning or cutting; 2♂, 1♀, CCDL 26937, Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass, -31.7334, 18.7666, 3–10.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping, Calobota angustifolia, Fabaceae; 2♂, 4♀, 10 nymphs, CCDL 26939, Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass, -31.7334, 18.7666, 3–10.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping, unidentifiable sterile sample resembles Phylica; 2♂, 2♀, 10 nymphs, CCDL 18846, Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass, -31.7334, 18.7666, 3–10.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping, sterile unidentified plant (near Phylica, Rhamnaceae); 1♂, 17 nymphs, CCDL 18852, Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass, -31.7334, 18.7666, 3–10.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping, Phylica oleifolia, Rhamnaceae; 1♂, CCDL 18851, Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass, -31.7334, 18.7666, 3–10.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping, Nylandtia scoparia, Polygalaceae; 2♂, 1♀, 12 nymphs, CCDL 18850, Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass, -31.7334, 18.7666, 3–10.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping, Diosma hirsuta, Rutaceae; 6♂, 2♀, 21 nymphs, ibid. holotype; 2♂, 2♀, 20 nymphs, CCDL 18848, Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass, -31.7334, 18.7666, 3–10.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping, Wiborgia mucronata, Fabaceae; 3♂, 9 nymphs, CCDL 26923, Gifberg Pass Sum- mit Vanrhynsdorp, -31.75, 18.7, 9.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping, Phylica oleifolia, Rhamnaceae; 4♂, 13 nymphs, CCDL 26924, Gifberg Pass Summit Vanrhynsdorp, -31.75, 18.7, 9.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping, Wiborgia mucronata, Fabaceae; 1♀, CCDL 26925, Gifberg Pass Summit Vanrhynsdorp, -31.75, 18.7, 9.x.2002, M. Stiller, dominant plant in grass and forb low vegetation, grazed meadow, Gorteria personata, Asteraceae; 4♂, 19♀, CCDL 26659, Jamaka farm site #7, -32.3369, 19.0107, 12.xii.2016, M. Stiller, sweeping, Aspalathus spinescens, Fabaceae; 2♀, CCDL 26660, Jamaka farm site #8, -32.3329, 19.0208, 13.xii.2016, M. Stiller, sweeping, Lobostemon laevigatus Boraginaceae and Pelargonium seabrum Geraniaceae (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p>Remarks. This species is distinctly variable in the shape of the apophysis of the style, less so in the shape and dimensions of the pygofer and pygofer lobe, but constant in the shape of the aedeagus. The aedeagus has a thin shaft, dorsal apodeme right-angled to shaft, and apex immaculate. Variation in the pygofer concerns the relative length which in most specimens is about as long as wide, and rarely elongate. The apex of the pygofer lobe process is variable in its curvature and orientation. The latter is possibly a condition in teneral specimens. The apophysis of the style is most distinctly variable, essentially club-shaped, narrowly rectangular and symmetrical in two overlapping northern populations (Clanwilliam, Gifberg, Katbakkies, Piketberg, Puts, Uitsig, Wiedouw, and Boskloof, Citrusdal, Leipoldtville) and asymmetrical in the southern population (Koelenhof, Muldersvlei). In the female the sternite 7 generally is notched, more or less deeply and V-shaped or rounded, and possibly due to an association with the oviposition plant. Females of G. driehoekdraad cannot be distinguished from those of G. dundraad, except the larger length from apex of crown to apex of abdomen in the former, and discussed below.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87E5FFFCEC7F09A4FD52F792A667	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, Michael	Stiller, Michael (2020): A new leafhopper genus Geelus and 12 new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) from Southern Africa. Zootaxa 4786 (3): 301-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.3.1
038E87E5FFF6EC6209A4FD91F1A1A6B3.text	038E87E5FFF6EC6209A4FD91F1A1A6B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geelus kinkeldraad Stiller 2020	<div><p>Geelus kinkeldraad sp.n.</p> <p>(Figs 5 A–H, 6A–M)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal shaft medially with short, sharp right-angled bend, apex with expanded rim and apical, paired tooth, compressed sclerotized longitudinal ridge subapically, dorsally anteriad of rim. Pygofer lobe triangular, apex rounded; process sublinear, orientation posteroventrad, dorsomedially denticulate. Female sternite 7 with narrow notch, about as deep as wide.</p> <p>Etymology. Afrikaans nouns in apposition, kinkel, kink, hitch or knot and draad, wire to describe the shape of the sharp bend in the aedeagal shaft. Gender masculine.</p> <p>Male. Measurements. n=75. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.55–4.85 mm. Crown median length 0.39–0.42 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.32–0.34 mm. Pronotum length 0.47–0.50 mm. Head width across eyes 1.33–1.40 mm. Pronotum width 1.26–1.33 mm. Ocellus diameter 39.2–46.4 μm; interocular distance 65.6– 76.6 µm. Apical angle of crown 118.2°±1.8°.</p> <p>Pygofer lobe. Process orientation posteroventrad, curvate, origin mediodorsally at base of pygofer lobe, process with denticulate area dorsomedially in basal half (Figs 6G, 6H); pygofer lobe at base about three quarters width of pygofer, broadly triangular, apex rounded; anterior apodeme, elongate, lateral, rarely short. Apex of pygofer lobe extended beyond apex of subgenital plate.</p> <p>Anal tube. Tubular (Fig. 6G).</p> <p>Subgenital plate. Number of macrosetae 3–5; medioposterior angle round or right-angle; length: width 0.9– 1.1; position of macrosetae on subgenital plate distal half (Fig. 6F); apex relative to pygofer lobe apex plate shorter than pygofer lobe (Fig. 6H).</p> <p>Valve. Shape crescentic (Fig. 6F).</p> <p>Style. Apophysis with subapical, lateroventral tooth and apical ventral tooth; apophysis width relative to width across preapical lobe preapical lobe narrow; ratio length to width of apophysis 4.3–5.0 (Fig. 6D).</p> <p>Connective. Stem length relative to arm length half as long as arms; stem width relative to width across arms of similar width (Fig. 6C).</p> <p>Aedeagus. Shaft thick; rim of apex of shaftwith ventral medial, paired teeth; denticulation of shaft, single dorsal, subapical keel-like tooth; curvature of shaft, short, sharp right-angled bend medially; dorsal apodeme, in lateral view reduced; preatrium angled at 180° (Figs 6A, 6B, 6E).</p> <p>Female. Measurements. n=55. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.73–4.98 mm. Crown median length 0.41–0.44 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.32–0.35 mm. Pronotum length 0.48–0.51 mm. Head width across eyes 1.39–1.46 mm. Pronotum width 1.30–1.38 mm. Ocellus diameter 39.0–45.5 μm; interocular distance 64.7–83.9 µm. Apical angle of crown 118.9°±1.9°.</p> <p>Sternite 7. Shape of posterior margin with narrow, shallow notch (Figs 6I, 6J).</p> <p>Valvifer 1. Asymmetrical with dorsal margin short, sublinear, ventral margin twice as long as dorsal margin, curvate, posterior margin concave (Fig. 6M); in dorsal view valvifers fused (Fig. 6K), ventrally in Fig. 6L.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male. South Africa, Northern Cape Province. CCDL18865, Biesiesfontein Farm S Springbok, -29.75, 17.9333, 29.ix.–3.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping Antizoma miersiana, Menispermiaceae (SANC). Paratypes. 84♂, 67♀, 68 nymphs. Northern Cape Province, records below all this locality: Biesiesfontein Farm S Springbok, -29.75, 17.9333, 29.ix.–3.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping. 2♂, 3♀, 10 nymphs, CCDL 18869, Montinia caryophyllacea, Montiniaceae; 9♂, 6♀, 5 nymphs, CCDL 18872, Zygophyllum morgsana, Zygophyllaceae; 2♂, 2♀, CCDL 18870, Eriocephalus punctulatus, Asteraceae, Pentzia incana Asteraceae and Suaeda fruticosa Aizoaceae; 13♂, 8♀, 13 nymphs, CCDL 18868, Salsola sp. Aizoaceae, Pteronia divariculata, Asteraceae; 1♂, 5♀, CCDL 18867, Calobota sericea, Fabaceae; 3♂, 2 nymphs, CCDL 18866, Diospyros ramulosa, Ebenaceae; 20♂, 17♀, 7 nymphs, ibid. holotype; 1♂, 1♀, CCDL 18864, Berkheya canescens, Asteraceae; 8♂, 4♀, 18 nymphs, CCDL 18863, sweeping Sarcocaulon l’heriteri, Geraniaceae; 3♂, 1♀, CCDL 18871, at night near light trap, Zygophyllum retofractrum, Zygophyllaceae; 9♂, 6♀, 9 nymphs, CCDL 18873, Searsia undulata, Anacardiaceae; 2♂, 2♀, CCDL 26929, Galenia africana, Aizoaceae; 5♂, 8♀, 2 nymphs, CCDL 26927, indeterminable plant near Gnidia, Thymelaeaceae; 6♂, 4♀, 2 nymphs, CCDL 26926, light trap (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p>Remarks. Features such as dimensions and coloration (Figs 5 A–H) make this species a member of Geelus, despite the atypical aedeagus, which lacks a dorsal apodeme, is thick and with a sharp right-angled median bend. Thick shafts occur in G. drietanddraad, G. haakdraad, G. lemdraad, G. nektanddraad, G. stompdraad, and G. viertanddraad. Correspondence in the pygofer process curvature is in G. nektanddraad, G. stompdraad, G. drietanddraad and G. slangdraad. However, G. kinkeldraad has the dorsomedial surface of the pygofer process denticulate, whereas the former all have the smooth process.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87E5FFF6EC6209A4FD91F1A1A6B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, Michael	Stiller, Michael (2020): A new leafhopper genus Geelus and 12 new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) from Southern Africa. Zootaxa 4786 (3): 301-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.3.1
038E87E5FFEBEC6109A4FCDDF251A6FB.text	038E87E5FFEBEC6109A4FCDDF251A6FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geelus vurkdraad Stiller 2020	<div><p>Geelus vurkdraad sp.n.</p> <p>(Figs 7 A–C, 8A–K)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal shaft narrow, tubular, curvate, apex laterally with fine, short fork; dorsal apodeme elongate, right-angled to shaft. Pygofer lobe narrow, rounded apex; process curvate, concave, orientation dorsoposteriad. Female sternite 7 with recessed, rectangular median ligula.</p> <p>Etymology. Afrikaans nouns in apposition, vurk, fork and draad, wire for the delicate fork at the end of the aedeagal shaft. Gender masculine.</p> <p>Male. Measurements. n=23. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 5.00– 5.56 mm. Crown median length 0.39–0.43 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.32–0.35 mm. Pronotum length 0.53–0.58 mm. Head width across eyes 1.40–1.52 mm. Pronotum width 1.34–1.45 mm. Ocellus diameter 39.1–49.7 μm; interocular distance 71.7– 89.6 µm. Apical angle of crown 121.3°±3.4°.</p> <p>Pygofer lobe. Process curved concavely, edentate or single, small tooth subbasally on median surface, apex orientation dorsoposteriad, origin dorsomedially near base of pygofer lobe; pygofer lobe narrow, triangular, apex rounded; anterior apodeme short, dorsal (Figs 8F, 8H).</p> <p>Anal tube. Tubular (Fig. 8H).</p> <p>Subgenital plate. Number of macrosetae 3–6; medioposterior angle, obtuse; length: width 1.0–1.1; position of macrosetae in distal half; apex relative to pygofer lobe apex, plate shorter than pygofer lobe (Fig. 8F). apex of pygofer lobe extended beyond apex of subgenital plate.</p> <p>Valve. Shape obtuse triangular (Fig. 8G).</p> <p>Style. Apophysis with apical and subapical tooth ventrally, apophysis width as wide as width across preapical lobe; ratio length to width of apophysis 2.9–3.6 (Fig. 8E).</p> <p>Connective. Stem length relative to arm length, one sixth of length of arms; stem width relative to width across arms, half as wide as greatest width across arms (Fig. 8D).</p> <p>Aedeagus. Shaft thin, tubular; apex of shaft with short, fine lateral, paired, horn-like fork; distal half of shaft with membranous ventral margin with minute denticles, denticles variable in number and size; shaft curvate; dorsal apodeme, laterally elongate, right-angled to shaft; preatrium reduced (Figs 8 A–C).</p> <p>Female.</p> <p>Measurements. n=28. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 3.98–4.24 mm. Crown median length 0.41–0.44 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.34–0.37 mm. Pronotum length 0.56–0.59 mm. Head width across eyes 1.50–1.58 mm. Pronotum width 1.42–1.51 mm. Ocellus diameter 38.9–53.8 μm; interocular distance 74.8–93.7 µm. Apical angle of crown 121.8°±1.9°.</p> <p>Sternite 7. Shape of posterior margin with short, recessed transversely rectangular ligula (Figs 8I, 8J).</p> <p>Valvifer 1. Symmetrical or ventral margin produced narrowly (Fig. 8K).</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male. South Africa, Western Cape Province. CCDL 18854, Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass, -31.7334, 18.7666, 3–10.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping Calobota angustifolia, Fabaceae (SANC). Paratypes. 24♂, 29♀, 14 nymphs. Western Cape Province, records below all this locality: Wiedouw Farm base of</p> <p>Gifberg Pass, -31.7334, 18.7666, 3–10.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping. 2♂, 2♀, 3 nymphs, CCDL 18858, Oedera genistifolia, Asteraceae; 5♀, CCDL 26928, dominant plant in low grass and forb vegetation, grazed meadow, Gorteria personata, Asteraceae; 3♀, CCDL 18860, Pteronia paniculata, Asteraceae; 2♂, 4♀, CCDL 18859, Euryops multifudus, Asteraceae; 2♂, 1♀, CCDL 18857, Salvia lanceolata, Lamiaceae; 2♂, 1♀, CCDL 18856, Ruschia burtoniae, Theaceae; 2♂, CCDL 18855, Helichrysum tricostatum, Asteraceae; 11♂, 7♀, 9 nymphs, ibid. holotype; 3♂, 1♀, CCDL 18861, Eriocephalus africanus var paniculatus, Asteraceae; 5♀, 2 nymphs, CCDL 26930, sweep and beat trees and shrubs at night (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p>Remarks. Geelus vurkdraad and G. dundraad share similar aedeagi, that is thin, curvate shaft and elongate dorsal apodeme. However, the fine forked structure at the apex of the shaft and variable serrate membranous apex is unique in this species, without correspondence in the apex of the aedeagus of G. dundraad. No examined specimens depicted damage to the fork, or that the apex of G. dundraad was damaged. Other differences between these species are in the shape of the pygofer process, style, subgenital plates and female sternite 7. The mottled nymph in Fig. 7C is atypical and not a member of Geelus, although it was the only nymph collected with adults depicted in Figs 7A, 7B.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87E5FFEBEC6109A4FCDDF251A6FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, Michael	Stiller, Michael (2020): A new leafhopper genus Geelus and 12 new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) from Southern Africa. Zootaxa 4786 (3): 301-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.3.1
038E87E5FFE8EC6709A4FD32F17AA53F.text	038E87E5FFE8EC6709A4FD32F17AA53F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geelus nektanddraad Stiller 2020	<div><p>Geelus nektanddraad sp.n.</p> <p>(Figs 7 D–H, 9A–K)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal shaft curvate with two pairs of median teeth, dorsal apodeme reduced, preatrium angled 270° to shaft. Pygofer process smooth, sublinear, orientation posteroventrad. Female sternite 7 with widely notched median ligula, recessed or flush with lateral margin.</p> <p>Etymology. Afrikaans compound word, nouns in apposition, nek = neck, mid-section, and tand = tooth, for the two pairs of distinct teeth medially on the shaft of the aedeagus. Gender masculine.</p> <p>Male. Measurements. n=24. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.75–5.05 mm. Crown median length 0.39–0.42 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.32–0.35 mm. Pronotum length 0.48–0.52 mm. Head width across eyes 1.36–1.45 mm. Pronotum width 1.29–1.38 mm. Ocellus diameter 39.3–51.1 μm; interocular distance 66.8– 81.8 µm. Apical angle of crown 120°±1.8°.</p> <p>Pygofer lobe. Process orientation posteroventrad, sublinear, edentate, origin mediodorsally near base of pygofer lobe; pygofer lobe slightly narrower than pygofer, broadly triangular, apex triangular; anterior apodeme short, laterodorsal. Apex of pygofer lobe extend beyond apex of subgenital plate (Fig. 9F).</p> <p>Anal tube. Tubular (Fig. 9G).</p> <p>Subgenital plate. Number of macrosetae, 3–4; medioposterior angle, round; length: width 0.8–0.9; position of macrosetae, distal half (Fig. 9E).</p> <p>Valve. Shape crescentic (Fig. 9E).</p> <p>Style. Apophysis with subapical, lateroventral tooth; apical tooth ventral; apophysis width at base about two thirds of width across preapical lobe; ratio length to width of apophysis 3.4–4.8 (Fig. 9C).</p> <p>Connective. Stem length relative to arm length, half as long as arms; stem width relative to width across arms, half as wide as greatest width across arms (Fig. 9D).</p> <p>Aedeagus. Shaft thick; apex of shaft blunt, partially membranous and sclerotized; denticulation of shaft medially, with dorsal and ventral paired teeth; shaft curvate; dorsal apodeme, viewed laterally; reduced; preatrium rotated 270° (Figs 9A, 9B).</p> <p>Female. Measurements. n=33. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.84–5.18 mm. Crown median length 0.40–0.44 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.32–0.35 mm. Pronotum length 0.49–0.53 mm. Head width across eyes 1.42–1.49 mm. Pronotum width 1.33–1.42 mm. Ocellus diameter 39.1–49.1 μm; interocular distance 66.5–82.9 µm. Apical angle of crown 120.1°±2.0°.</p> <p>Sternite 7. Posterior margin with wide, shallow notch, spanning posterior margin; ligula present with short, wide, rounded notch; ligula recessed (all from Biesiesfontein, Figs 9H, on Zygophyllum, Fig. 9I, on Sarcocaulon, Fig. 9J, on Pteronia).</p> <p>Valvifer 1. Symmetrical or ventral margin produced narrowly (Fig. 9K).</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male. South Africa, Northern Cape Province, CCDL 18878, Biesiesfontein Farm S Springbok, -29.75, 17.9333, 29.ix.–3.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping Galenia africana, Aizoaceae (SANC).</p> <p>Paratypes. 27♂, 32♀, 9 nymphs. Northern Cape Province, records below all this locality: Biesiesfontein Farm S Springbok, -29.75, 17.9333, 29.ix.–3.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping. 3♂, 1♀, 3 nymphs, CCDL 18877, Atriplex nummularia subsp. nummularia, Aizoaceae; 1♂, 2 nymphs, CCDL 18876, Calobota sericea, Fabaceae; 3♂, 8♀, CCDL 18874, Pteronia divariculata, Asteraceae; 11♂, 11♀, 3 nymphs, ibid. holotype; 4♂, 5♀, CCDL 18875, Sarcocaulon l’heriteri, Geraniaceae; 1♂, CCDL 26934, light trap; 1♂, CCDL 26935, Diospyros ramulosa, Ebenaceae; 1♂, 3♀, CCDL 26933, Searsia undulata, Anacardiaceae; 1♀, CCDL 26936, at night near light trap, Zygophyllum retofractrum, Zygophyllaceae; Western Cape Province, 2♂, 3♀, 1 nymph, CCDL 18853, Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass, -31.7334, 18.7666, 3–10.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping, Salvia lanceolata, Lamiaceae (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p>Remarks. Unique in this species in the male are the thick shaft, two medial pairs of teeth and in the female the cup-shape ligula recessed medially into the sternite 7. Other species have the ligula rectangular (G. drietanddraad, Fig. 14I), square with small notch (G. slangdraad, Fig. 17I), rounded in G. platdraad (Figs 12L, 12O), and resemblance in G. stompdraad (Fig. 11I). Color and shape of crown (Figs 7 D–F) and nymph (Figs 7G, H) resemble the other species closely, e.g. Figs 1, 2 and 5.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87E5FFE8EC6709A4FD32F17AA53F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, Michael	Stiller, Michael (2020): A new leafhopper genus Geelus and 12 new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) from Southern Africa. Zootaxa 4786 (3): 301-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.3.1
038E87E5FFEEEC6709A4FE69F7AFA3C7.text	038E87E5FFEEEC6709A4FE69F7AFA3C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geelus stompdraad Stiller 2020	<div><p>Geelus stompdraad sp.n.</p> <p>(Figs 10A, B, 11 A–I)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal shaft short, compressed, straight, posterior margin with 1–3 single teeth, apex with rim with posteriad paired tooth. Pygofer process smooth, sublinear, orientation posteroventrad. Female sternite 7 with median ligula recessed into sternite, ligula posterior margin sinuous.</p> <p>Etymology. Afrikaans nouns in apposition, stomp, blunt and draad, wire, for the short, stocky aedeagal shaft. Gender masculine.</p> <p>Male. Measurements. n=35. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.64–5.10 mm. Crown median length 0.39–0.42 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.32–0.35 mm. Pronotum length 0.47–0.52 mm. Head width across eyes 1.38–1.48 mm. Pronotum width 1.31–1.39 mm. Ocellus diameter 40.8–57.6 μm; interocular distance 67.7– 85.9 µm. Apical angle of crown 120.6°±2.5°.</p> <p>Pygofer lobe. Process orientation posteroventrad, curvate, smooth; origin dorsomedial at base of pygofer lobe; pygofer lobe about as wide at base as width of pygofer, lobe triangular, apex narrowly or broadly rounded; anterior apodeme short, lateral. Apex of pygofer lobe extended slightly beyond apex of subgenital plate, considered equidistant (Figs 11F, 11H).</p> <p>Anal tube. Conical (Fig. 11F).</p> <p>Subgenital plate. Number of macrosetae 3–4; medioposterior angle, round; length: width 1.1–1.2; position of macrosetae, in distal half. Medial margin distally sometimes shallowly excavated. (Fig. 11E, drawing, right plate)</p> <p>Valve. Shape obtuse triangular (Fig. 11E).</p> <p>Style. Apophysis with subapical, lateral tooth; apical tooth ventral; apophysis width and width across preapical lobe similar; ratio length to width of apophysis 2.8–3.7 (Fig. 11D).</p> <p>Connective. Stem length relative to arm length, one quarter length of arms; stem width relative to width across arms, half as wide as greatest width across arms (Fig. 11C).</p> <p>Aedeagus. Shaft thick, compressed; rim at apex of shaft with paired subapical posterior teeth; denticulation of shaft, 2–4 single, medial teeth, posteriorly; shaft straight; dorsal apodeme, in lateral view, short, approximately 60° to shaft, preatrium approximately 120° to shaft (Figs 11A, 11B).</p> <p>Female. Measurements. n=12. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.50–5.25 mm. Crown median length 0.40–0.44 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.33–0.36 mm. Pronotum length 0.47–0.54 mm. Head width across eyes 1.36–1.55 mm. Pronotum width 1.26–1.47 mm. Ocellus diameter 38.9–56.8 μm; interocular distance 70.0–84.0 µm. Apical angle of crown 120.2°±2.8°.</p> <p>Sternite 7. Shape of posterior margin with median ligula, within wide notch (as wide as posterior margin); ligula recessed, with sigmoid posterior margin (Fig. 11I).</p> <p>Valvifer 1. Symmetrical or ventral margin produced narrowly (Fig. 11G).</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male. South Africa, Western Cape Province. CCDL08587, Nuwerus, -31.14, 18.35, 1.i.1971, J.G. Theron (SANC). Paratypes. 36♂, 13♀. Western Cape Province, 33♂, 13♀, ibid. holotype; 1♂, CCDL 27837, Pearly Beach, -34.66, 19.49, 15.xii.1971, J.G. Theron. Northern Cape Province, 2♂, CCDL 18879, Doringriver waterfall north of Nieuwoudtville, -31.3167, 19.1167, 7.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping, Galenia africana, Aizoaceae (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p>Remarks. This species has the aedeagus with a compressed shaft on an enlarged preatrium and small dorsal apodeme, apical paired teeth and medial, single teeth on the posterior margin of the shaft, numbering 2–4. The single teeth on the medial margin of the shaft varied in number, size and position. The sternite 7 of the female resembles the sternite 7 of G. nektanddraad (Figs 9 H–J), but has the ligula sinuous, with the ligula of G. nektanddraad acute, cup-shaped. Specimen color and shape of crown (Figs 10A, B) resembles that of other species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87E5FFEEEC6709A4FE69F7AFA3C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, Michael	Stiller, Michael (2020): A new leafhopper genus Geelus and 12 new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) from Southern Africa. Zootaxa 4786 (3): 301-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.3.1
038E87E5FFECEC6B09A4F9E4F2E0A22F.text	038E87E5FFECEC6B09A4F9E4F2E0A22F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geelus platdraad Stiller 2020	<div><p>Geelus platdraad sp.n.</p> <p>(Figs 10C, D, 12 A–O)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal shaft depressed from apex to base, uniformly curvate, right-angled to elongate dorsal apodeme, gonopore in apical third of shaft. Pygofer process apical, orientation mediad to dorsomediad. Female sternite 7 either with protruding or recessed, rounded ligula.</p> <p>Etymology. Afrikaans nouns in apposition, plat, flat and draad, wire, for the somewhat flattened (depressed) shaft of the aedeagus. Gender masculine.</p> <p>Male. Measurements. n=19. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.31–4.79 mm. Crown median length 0.36–0.40 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.30–0.33 mm. Pronotum length 0.46–0.51 mm. Head width across eyes 1.19–1.29 mm. Pronotum width 1.14–1.26 mm. Ocellus diameter 39.2–50.7 μm; interocular distance 56.4– 70.4 µm. Apical angle of crown 117.2°±2.5°.</p> <p>Pygofer lobe. Process orientation variable, base medial with apex curved dorsolaterally (Fig. 12I), or curved ventrad in specimens on Justicia orghioides; process, smooth; origin dorsomedially near base of pygofer lobe; pygofer lobe at base about as wide as pygofer, apex broadly rounded; anterior apodeme, short, dorsolateral. Apex of pygofer lobe and apex of subgenital plate equidistant (Fig. 12I).</p> <p>Anal tube. Square (Fig. 12M), incised about half way into pygofer.</p> <p>Subgenital plate. Number of macrosetae; 4–5, with one seta sometimes out of line; medioposterior angle, round; length: width 1.1–1.3; position of macrosetae, distal half (Figs 12E, 12J); pygofer in lateral view with subgenital plate almost attaining apex of pygofer lobe (Fig. 12I).</p> <p>Valve. Shape, obtuse triangular (Figs 12E, 12J).</p> <p>Style. Position of lateral tooth on apophysis variable, subapical (in specimens on J. orghioides) or subbasal; apical tooth ventral; apophysis width at base similar to width across preapical lobe; apophysis apex, round; ratio length to width of apophysis 3.3–4.0 (Figs 12F, 12N).</p> <p>Connective. Stem length relative to arm length, one third length of arms; stem width relative to width across arms, half as wide as greatest width across arms (Figs 12B, 12K).</p> <p>Aedeagus. Shaft thin; in dorsal or ventral view depressed, distinctly as in Figs 12C, 12D, versus width in Fig. 12A, specimens on J. orghioides, or tubular, as in Figs 12G, 12H. Apex of shaft acuminate; posterior margin membranous, minutely denticulate; shaft medially and basally smooth; shaft curvate; dorsal apodeme, in lateral view, elongate, right angled to shaft, preatrium reduced (Figs 12A, 12G).</p> <p>Female. Measurements. n=15. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.88–5.25 mm. Crown median length 0.41–0.44 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.32–0.37 mm. Pronotum length 0.51–0.57 mm. Head width across eyes 1.35–1.44 mm. Pronotum width 1.30–1.40 mm. Ocellus diameter 43.5–57.3 μm; interocular distance 72.2–88.3 µm. Apical angle of crown 117.5°±2.1°.</p> <p>Sternite 7. Shape posterior margin with two shapes: short recessed rounded ligula (Fig. 12O, specimens on J. orghioides); or elongate protruding, narrow, rounded ligula (Fig. 12L, specimens without associated plant).</p> <p>Valvifer 1. Symmetrical or ventral margin produced narrowly (similar to that in Fig. 9K).</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male. South Africa, Western Cape Province, CCDL08588, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.0175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.3761" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.0175/lat -31.3761)">Vanrhyns Pass</a>, -31.3761, 19.0175, 19.ix.1976, J.G. Theron (SANC). Paratypes. 19♂, 15♀. Western Cape Province, 15♂, 15♀, ibid. holotype, 10♂, 8♀ collected on Justicia orghioides, Acanthaceae, (written by hand on underside of locality label), 5♂, 7♀, ibid. above, without plant; 1♂, CCDL08590, Graaf Water, -32.1581, 18.6065, x.1947, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.6065&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.1581" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.6065/lat -32.1581)">South African Museum</a> expedition; 3♂, 1♀, CCDL08591, Van Rhynsdorp, -31.6075, 18.7311, 30.ix.1970, J.G. Theron (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p>Remarks. Examined material of G. platdraad consisted of two short series of specimens from one locality, one of which was probably swept (label ambiguous) from Justicia orghioides. There were considerable differences between these series of leafhoppers, but not sufficient to make two species. Specimens on J. orghioides had a slightly thicker aedeagal shaft, style apophysis with subapical tooth, connective with shorter arms and longer stem and female sternite 7 with short ligula. Specimens without the plant, assumed at least to be swept from an unidentified plant, had the aedeagal shaft slightly thinner, style apophysis with medial tooth, connective with longer arms and shorter stem and sternite 7 with an elongate ligula. Measurement of these two series showed overlap, except males and slight overlap in female length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina, i.e. male specimens on J. orghioides 4.25–4.44 mm, and the other 4.64–4.90 mm. Color and shape of specimens as in Figs 10C and 10D, and similar to that of other species of Geelus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87E5FFECEC6B09A4F9E4F2E0A22F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, Michael	Stiller, Michael (2020): A new leafhopper genus Geelus and 12 new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) from Southern Africa. Zootaxa 4786 (3): 301-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.3.1
038E87E5FFE2EC6909A4F959F11AA1E3.text	038E87E5FFE2EC6909A4F959F11AA1E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geelus driehoekdraad Stiller 2020	<div><p>Geelus driehoekdraad sp.n.</p> <p>(Figs 13 A–L)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal shaft elongate, tubular, with apex to subapex with acute, triangular, lateral tooth-like flange. Pygofer lobe short, triangular, apex medially with process orientation mediad. Subgenital plate elongate, with uniseriate macrosetae along most of lateral margin. Female sternite 7 with V-shaped notch flanked by rounded lateral margins.</p> <p>Etymology. Afrikaans nouns in apposition, drie, three, hoek, corner, angle, and draad, wire, for the delicate triangular process at the apex of the aedeagal shaft. Gender masculine.</p> <p>Male. Measurements. n=31. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 5.23–5.49 mm. Crown median length 0.35–0.39 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.32–0.35 mm. Pronotum length 0.53–0.56 mm. Head width across eyes 1.46–1.52 mm. Pronotum width 1.36–1.41 mm. Ocellus diameter 41.0–54.8 μm; interocular distance 74.7– 94.2 µm. Apical angle of crown 127.7°±2.6°.</p> <p>Pygofer lobe. Process orientation medial, rarely ventral, apices overlap; process denticulation, 2–4 teeth (Fig. 13G); process origin apical; process curvature sublinear; anterior apodeme short, dorsal. Apex of pygofer lobe extended beyond apex of subgenital plate (Fig. 13F).</p> <p>Anal tube. Conical (Fig. 13J), incised about half way into pygofer.</p> <p>Subgenital plate. Number of macrosetae 6–10; medioposterior angle variable, right-angle or acute; length: width 1.5–1.8; position of macrosetae across three quarters distally on subgenital plate (Fig. 13H).</p> <p>Valve. Shape obtuse triangular (Fig. 13H).</p> <p>Style. Apophysis with subapical tooth absent; apical tooth ventral; apophysis width about two thirds of width across preapical lobe; ratio of length to width of apophysis 5.5–6.9 (Fig. 13E).</p> <p>Connective. Stem length relative to arm length one fifth length of arms; stem width relative to width across arms half as wide as greatest width across arms (Fig. 13I).</p> <p>Aedeagus. Shaft thin, tubular; apex to subapex of shaft triangular laterally; denticulation of shaft basally, edentate; curvature of shaft, straight; dorsal apodeme, in lateral view, elongate, curvate, base right angled; preatrium reduced (Figs 13 A–D).</p> <p>Female. Measurements. n=24. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 5.74–5.99 mm. Crown median length 0.37–0.41 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.34–0.38 mm. Pronotum length 0.58–0.61 mm. Head width across eyes 1.61–1.66 mm. Pronotum width 1.50–1.56 mm. Ocellus diameter 47.9–61.7 μm; interocular distance 81.7–94.4 µm. Apical angle of crown 129.2°±2.2°.</p> <p>Sternite 7. Shape of posterior margin deep V-shaped notch, lateral margin broadly rounded (Fig. 13K).</p> <p>Valvifer 1. Symmetrical (Fig. 13L) or ventral margin produced narrowly, asymmetrical.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male. South Africa, Western Cape Province, CCDL26919, Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass, -31.7334, 18.7666, 3–10.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping, low growing vegetation (grass and forbs) in area where bush was cleared/burned (SANC). Paratypes. 34♂, 23♀, 23 nymphs. Western Cape Province, records below all this locality: Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass, -31.7334, 18.7666, 3–10.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping. 1♂, CDL26922, Wiborgia mucronata, Fabaceae; 5♂, 1♀, CCDL 26921, indeterminable plant near Phylica; 3♂, 5 nymphs, CCDL 26920, two unidentified plants; 24♂, 21♀, 18 nymphs, ibid. holotype; 1♂, 1♀, CCDL 18847, Aristida zeyheri subsp. mucropus Poaceae and mainly Aristida vestita, Poaceae (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p>Remarks. Geelus driehoekdraad and G. dundraad have overlapping distributions at Wiedouw, with the former only known from this locality, albeit from a long series of specimens. Fourteen dissected males had the elongate style apophysis, elongate subgenital plate (length: width 1.5–1.8), triangular apex of the aedeagal shaft and medially curved pygofer process. The style apophysis in G. dundraad is always shorter (length: width, 1.1–1.3), with three variants, but not resembling that of the former. The apex of the shaft of G. dundraad is immaculate, and in G. driehoekdraad it is laterally triangular. The pygofer process in G. dundraad is curved mediodorsally or dorsally. None of the many examined specimens (n=45) of G. dundraad showed signs of damage to the apex, nor of the 14 dissected males of G. driehoekdraad. Females of these two species from Wiedouw cannot be distinguished readily, with the small differences in shape of the valvifer 1 not considered reliable. Females of G. driehoekdraad are slightly larger, with length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 5.74–5.99 mm and head width 1.61–1.66 mm, with similar dimensions of other parts. Females of G. dundraad are 3.72–4.11 mm and 1.48–1.58 mm respectively. In males of G. driehoekdraad only length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina (5.23–5.49 mm) supersedes that of G. dundraad (3.47–3.97 mm).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87E5FFE2EC6909A4F959F11AA1E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, Michael	Stiller, Michael (2020): A new leafhopper genus Geelus and 12 new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) from Southern Africa. Zootaxa 4786 (3): 301-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.3.1
038E87E5FFE0EC6F09A4FA0DF771A58B.text	038E87E5FFE0EC6F09A4FA0DF771A58B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geelus drietanddraad Stiller 2020	<div><p>Geelus drietanddraad sp.n.</p> <p>(Figs 10F, 10G, 14 A–I)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal shaft elongate, subapically with paired tooth and single ventral subapical tooth, base compress, apex rounded. Female sternite 7 with elongate, recessed rectangular ligula, in rounded, wide notch.</p> <p>Etymology. Afrikaans nouns in apposition, drie, three, tand, tooth, and draad, wire, for the arrangement of the paired and single tooth near the apex of the aedeagal shaft. Gender masculine.</p> <p>Male. Measurements. n=8. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.24–4.56 mm. Crown median length 0.40–0.43 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.33–0.36 mm. Pronotum length 0.45–0.48 mm. Head width across eyes 1.38–1.45 mm. Pronotum width 1.30–1.37 mm. Ocellus diameter 39.1–48.4 μm; interocular distance 63.6– 72.9 µm. Apical angle of crown 118.8°±2.4°.</p> <p>Pygofer lobe. Process orientation, ventrad; process denticulation, edentate; process origin mediodorsal; process curvature, curved; anterior apodeme short, lateral. Pygofer lobe apex extended beyond apex of subgenital plate (Figs 14C, 14E).</p> <p>Anal tube. Tubular (Fig. 14C).</p> <p>Subgenital plate. Number of macrosetae, 4; medioposterior angle, right-angle; length: width 0.7–0.9; position of macrosetae on subgenital plate, distal half (Fig. 14F).</p> <p>Valve. Shape obtuse triangular, anterior margin concave (Fig. 14F).</p> <p>Style. Apophysis with subapical, ventral tooth; apophysis width relative to width across preapical lobe, about half width across preapical lobe; ratio length to width of apophysis 2.5–2.9 (Fig. 14D).</p> <p>Connective. Stem length relative to arm length, one third length of arms; stem width relative to width across arms, similar width (Fig. 14G).</p> <p>Aedeagus. Shaft thick; apex of shaft narrowly rounded, partially membranous; denticulation of shaft, small paired subapical lateral tooth, single, submedial, ventral tooth; curvature of shaft sublinear; gonopore apicoventrally; dorsal apodeme, in lateral view, elongate, acutely angled to shaft, preatrium short, rounded (Figs 14A, 14B).</p> <p>Female. Measurements. n=4. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.47–4.80 mm. Crown median length 0.42–0.45 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.34–0.37 mm. Pronotum length 0.48 mm. Head width across eyes 1.45–1.50 mm. Pronotum width 1.38–1.40 mm. Ocellus diameter 42.0 μm; interocular distance 70.0 µm. Apical angle of crown 118.9°±1.5°.</p> <p>Sternite 7. Shape of posterior margin, short recessed, transverse, concave ligula (Fig. 14I).</p> <p>Valvifer 1. Symmetrical or ventral margin produced narrowly (Fig. 14H).</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male. South Africa, Northern Cape Province, CCDL26931, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.132&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.462" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.132/lat -30.462)">Kamiesberg Garies</a>, -30.462, 18.132, x.1976, J.G. Theron (SANC). Paratypes. 10♂, 4♀, ibid. holotype (SANC).</p> <p>Remarks. The three teeth on the aedeagal shaft, i.e. paired subapical lateral and single ventral, submedial tooth, is only mirrored in G. haakdraad, that has similar lateral paired teeth, but a large dorsal, single disk-like structure. Geelus slangdraad and G. drietanddraad have overlapping localities, but are readily distinguished by the aedeagal shaft, i.e. in the former it is sinuous, thin and immaculate; in the latter it is sublinear, thick and with three teeth. The color of this species (Figs 10F, G, male and female respectively) similar to other species, with amorphous brown markings in some cells of tegmina, and light markings in anterior margin of pronotum.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87E5FFE0EC6F09A4FA0DF771A58B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, Michael	Stiller, Michael (2020): A new leafhopper genus Geelus and 12 new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) from Southern Africa. Zootaxa 4786 (3): 301-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.3.1
038E87E5FFE6EC5209A4FDB5F120A723.text	038E87E5FFE6EC5209A4FDB5F120A723.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geelus haakdraad Stiller 2020	<div><p>Geelus haakdraad sp.n.</p> <p>(Figs 15 A–M, 16A–L)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal shaft short, compressed, with subapical, medial paired tooth and single dorsal disk-like tooth, acuminate laterad. Pygofer lobe rectangular, process origin dorso-apical, directed ventrad, straight, subapex bifid. Subgenital plate short with many macrosetae near apex and subapex. Female sternite 7 with wide, shallowly excavated posterior margin.</p> <p>Etymology. Afrikaans nouns in apposition, haak, hook, draad, wire, for the large prominent hooked structure dorsally near the apex of the aedeagus. Gender masculine.</p> <p>Color. Male, female and nymph. Dark forms with brown to dark brown reticulate markings in Figs 15C, 15D, 15H and 15I and light forms in Figs 15A, 15B, 15E and 15F, and the latter not the result of fading due to collection into alcohol. Nymphs in Figs 15J and 15K. Face of male not banded (Fig. 15L) and banded in female (Fig. 15M).</p> <p>Male. Measurements. n=5. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.71–4.99 mm. Crown median length 0.47–0.51 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.34–0.36 mm. Pronotum length 0.54–0.60 mm. Head width across eyes 1.42–1.51 mm. Pronotum width 1.31–1.41 mm. Ocellus diameter 47.1–64.9 μm; interocular distance 76.3– 97.3 µm. Apical angle of crown 112.6°±1.6°.</p> <p>Pygofer lobe. Process orientation, ventrad; process basally edentate; process origin, medially on dorso-apical margin of lobe; process straight, narrow, acuminate (Fig. 16F), subapex bidentate, asymmetric, apex triangular (Fig. 16E); pygofer lobe narrowly merged with pygofer, constricted at base, lobe rectangular, apex dorsally rectangular, apex ventrally somewhat produced ventrad and posteriad; anterior apodeme short, dorsal (Figs 16F, 16H). apex of pygofer lobe shorter relative to apex of subgenital plate.</p> <p>Anal tube. Narrowed medially (Fig. 16H).</p> <p>Subgenital plate. Number of macrosetae, 20–30; medioposterior angle, obtuse or right-angled; length: width, 0.5–0.7; position of macrosetae, distal half, variable in number between plates (Fig. 16G).</p> <p>Valve. Shape semicircular, distal margin broadly rounded, proximal margin shallowly concave, sometimes with median triangular lip (Fig. 16G).</p> <p>Style. Apophysis with numerous small, ventral teeth, large teeth absent; apophysis about half as wide as width across preapical lobe; ratio length to width of apophysis 2.9–3.2 (Fig. 16D)</p> <p>Connective. Stem length relative to arm length, 0.8–0.9 times longer than arms; stem width relative to width across arms, narrower, 0.5–0.8 times as wide as width across arms (Fig. 16J).</p> <p>Aedeagus. Shaft thick, compressed, wider in lateral view than width in dorsal view, apex in dorsal view narrower than base; shaft in lateral view sublinear; apex of shaft rounded, gonopore marginal, at apex, narrow; subapex of shaft with mediolateral, paired tooth; shaft dorsally with curvate process in lateral view, in dorsal view process transverse with anterior margin rounded, lateral margin acuminate; dorsal apodeme, in lateral view, short, in dorsal view C-shaped; connective articulated with preatrium (Figs 16 A–C).</p> <p>Female. Measurements. n=4. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.98–5.41 mm. Crown median length 0.51–0.55 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.36–0.39 mm. Pronotum length 0.58–0.63 mm. Head width across eyes 1.51–1.64 mm. Pronotum width 1.36–1.51 mm. Ocellus diameter 58.7–74.3 μm; interocular distance 81.4–93.6 µm. Apical angle of crown 112.3°±1.7°.</p> <p>Sternite 7. Posterior margin, concave, width of notch as wide as width at distal margin; notch incised about one third into sternite 7; ligula absent (Fig. 16I). In caudal view sternite 8 with perpendicular irregular sclerotized paired disc.</p> <p>Valvifer 1. In lateral view, about as wide as long; ventral margin rounded; anterior margin straight, dorsal and posterior margins sublinear (Fig. 16K). In dorsal view, merged broadly (Fig. 16L).</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male. Namibia, CCDL 27336, Brandberg Katarakt, -21.16, 14.52, 2.v.2003, M. Stiller, sweeping, Galenia africana, Aizoaceae (SANC). Paratypes. 3♂, 5♀, 9 nymphs. Namibia. 1♂, 2♀, 6 nymphs, ibid holotype; 1♀, 1 nymph, CCDL 27365, Brandberg, Numas Fläche, -21.117, 14.543, 2.v.2003, M. Still- er, sweeping; 1 nymph, CCDL 27367, Brandberg Katarakt, -21.16, 14.52, 2.v.2003, M. Stiller, sweeping, Pteronia lucilioides Asteraceae. 2♂, 2♀, 1 nymph, CCDL 27395, Waterberg, -20.504, 17.226, 28.iv.2005, M. Stiller, sweep- ing grass, shrubs and forbs (SANC).</p> <p>Remarks. Characteristic of this species is the rectangular pygofer lobe, with the apical dorsomedial, narrow, acuminate, ventrad process. Despite the small size, and oblique orientation, the apex of the pygofer process bears two triangular, asymmetric teeth. This is the only species with an apical paired tooth on the pygofer process. Most species of Geelus have the pygofer process immaculate, but in G. dundraad and G. driehoekdraad the pygofer process bears few basal teeth. The process in G. viertanddraad has a single ventral tooth. In G. kinkeldraad the pygofer process is denticulate dorsomedially. The subgenital plate in G. slangdraad and G. haakdraad is shorter than in any other species of Geelus, and the latter also bearing the most macrosetae. Four males and three females were dissected. None of the examined specimens from the survey of the Brandberg (Stiller 2000) and other malaise traps in Namibia have produced this species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87E5FFE6EC5209A4FDB5F120A723	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, Michael	Stiller, Michael (2020): A new leafhopper genus Geelus and 12 new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) from Southern Africa. Zootaxa 4786 (3): 301-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.3.1
038E87E5FFDBEC5309A4FC4DF106A6D7.text	038E87E5FFDBEC5309A4FC4DF106A6D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geelus slangdraad Stiller 2020	<div><p>Geelus slangdraad sp.n.</p> <p>(Figs 10E, 17 A–I)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal shaft tubular, in lateral view sinuous, base right-angled to elongate dorsal apodeme. Pygofer lobe narrow, apex rounded, dorsomedial process curved posteroventrad. Female sternite 7 with rectangular, elongate, protruding ligula recessed shallowly in narrow notch.</p> <p>Etymology. Afrikaans nouns in apposition, slang, snake, serpentine and draad, wire, for the sinuous shape of the aedeagal shaft. Gender masculine.</p> <p>Male. Abdominal apodemes. Posterior view as in Fig. 17G.</p> <p>Measurements. n=8. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.60–4.95 mm. Crown median length 0.41–0.45 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.33–0.36 mm. Pronotum length 0.46–0.49 mm. Head width across eyes 1.34–1.43 mm. Pronotum width 1.29–1.36 mm. Ocellus diameter 42.0 μm; interocular distance 64.0–73.0 µm. Api- cal angle of crown 116.7°±1.5°.</p> <p>Pygofer lobe. Process orientation, posteroventrad; process edentate; process origin, dorsomedial; process curved; pygofer lobe widely merged with pygofer, lobe triangular, apex broadly rounded; anterior apodeme short, dorsal. Pygofer lobe apex extended well beyond apex of subgenital plate (Figs 17F, 17H).</p> <p>Anal tube. Conical (Fig. 17F).</p> <p>Subgenital plate. Number of macrosetae, 4–6; medioposterior angle obtuse; length: width, 0.5–0.7; position of macrosetae, distal half (Fig. 17E).</p> <p>Valve. Shape obtuse triangular (Fig. 17E).</p> <p>Style. Apophysis with subapical, ventral tooth, close to apical ventral tooth, giving apex bilobate appearance; apophysis as wide as width across preapical lobe; ratio length to width of apophysis 1.6–2.0 (Fig. 17D).</p> <p>Connective. Stem length relative to arm length, one third length of arms; stem width relative to width across arms, of similar width (Fig. 17C).</p> <p>Aedeagus. Shaft thin, tubular; apex of shaft square, shaft edentate; shaft sinuous in lateral view; dorsal apodeme, in lateral view, elongate, rectangular, right angled to base of shaft, preatrium short (Figs 17A, 17B).</p> <p>Female. Measurements. n=3. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.92–5.15 mm. Crown median length 0.45–0.47 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.37–0.39 mm. Pronotum length 0.49–0.51 mm. Head width across eyes 1.46–1.50 mm. Pronotum width 1.41–1.44 mm. Ocellus diameter 30.7–43.9 μm; interocular distance 72.7–85.9 µm. Apical angle of crown 116.6°±1.4°.</p> <p>Sternite 7. Shape of posterior margin triangular, elongate, rectangular ligula apically; ligula with narrow, shallow notch posteromedially; ligula recessed about half its length into apex of sternite, distal half protruding (Fig. 17I).</p> <p>Valvifer 1. In lateral view, ventral margin produced narrowly; dorsally, merged broadly (similar to that of G. kinkeldraad, Fig. 6K).</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male. South Africa, Northern Cape Province, CCDL08592, Garies, -30.56, 17.98, 8.ix.2016, J.G. Theron (SANC). Paratypes. 6♂, 3♀. Northern Cape Province, 4♂, 3♀, ibid. holotype; 2♂, CCDL08593, Klipvlei, -30.50, 17.83, xi.1931, South African Museum expedition (SANC).</p> <p>Remarks. All available specimens were dissected. The aedeagus of this species is thin, with the elongate dorsal apodeme, as in G. dundraad, G. platdraad, G. vurkdraad and G. driehoekdraad, but the shaft is sinuous. Unique in this species is the short apophysis of the style, with two ventral teeth, giving the apophysis a bilobate appearance. The subgenital plate is short as in G. haakdraad, and shorter than in other species of Geelus, but with a single row of macrosetae, whereas G. haakdraad has many rows. Female sternite 7 is unique with the protruding, modified ligula, unlike that of other species of Geelus with a ligula that is recessed into a wide notch. Habitus in Fig. 10E is similar to other species of Geelus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87E5FFDBEC5309A4FC4DF106A6D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, Michael	Stiller, Michael (2020): A new leafhopper genus Geelus and 12 new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) from Southern Africa. Zootaxa 4786 (3): 301-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.3.1
038E87E5FFD9EC5609A4FF65F109A1E3.text	038E87E5FFD9EC5609A4FF65F109A1E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geelus viertanddraad Stiller 2020	<div><p>Geelus viertanddraad sp.n.</p> <p>(Figs 18 A–D, 19A–L)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal shaft tubular, in lateral and dorsal view straight, subbasally with paired, ventral teeth, subapically with paired, dorsal teeth; dorsal apodeme membranous, produced anteriad; preatrium semispherical. Pygofer lobe rectangular, apices rounded, dorso-apical process straight, oriented ventromediad. Female sternite 7 with wide, shallow, uniformly curvate notch.</p> <p>Etymology. Afrikaans nouns in apposition, vier, four, tand, tooth, and draad, wire, for the four teeth on the aedeagal shaft. Gender masculine.</p> <p>Color. Male and female. The short series of specimens is yellow to pale yellow. (Figs 18A, B). Crown and pronotum yellow (Fig. 18C).</p> <p>Male. Measurements. n=5. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 5.11–5.31 mm. Crown median length 0.46–0.50 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.33–0.38 mm. Pronotum length 0.55–0.59 mm. Head width across eyes 1.39–1.44 mm. Pronotum width 1.31–1.35 mm. Ocellus diameter 56.0 μm; interocular distance 68.7–82.5 µm. Apical angle of crown 112.6°±3.0°.</p> <p>Pygofer lobe. Process orientation, ventromediad; process acuminate, with subapical tooth on ventral margin; process origin, medially near posterodorsal margin of pygofer lobe; process straight; pygofer lobe widely merged with pygofer, dorsally indicated by acute notch; lobe rectangular, posterior dorsal and ventral apices rounded; anterior apodeme long, position dorsolateral (Figs 19E, 19G). Subgenital plate and pygofer lobe apices equidistant (Fig. 19E).</p> <p>Anal tube. Ventrobasal margin produced into sclerotized, ventrad, rounded lobe (Fig. 19E), without membranous recess. In dorsal view with medial margins constricted as in Fig. 19G.</p> <p>Subgenital plate. Number of macrosetae, more than 40 long and short macrosetae, up to 5 irregular rows along lateral margin; medioposterior angle acute, narrowly rounded, distal lateral margin straight, basal lateral margin curvate; length: width, 1.1–1.5; position of style relative to subgenital plate and valve, extending half-way into subgenital plate (Fig. 19F).</p> <p>Valve. Shape lenticular (Fig. 19F).</p> <p>Style. Apophysis without large ventral tooth, but fine serration laterally; apophysis digitate, sublinear, width half as wide as width across preapical lobe; preapical lobe obtuse; ratio of length to width of apophysis 2.3–2.7 (Fig. 19D).</p> <p>Connective. Stem length relative to arm length, one third length of arms; stem width relative to width across arms, about half as wide (Fig. 19H).</p> <p>Aedeagus. Shaft thick, tubular; apex of shaft rounded, desclerotized, shaft subapically with dorsolateral paired teeth, subbasally with ventral paired teeth, both pairs similar, curvate, blunt; shaft sclerotized, straight in lateral and dorsal or ventral views; dorsal apodeme desclerotized, in lateral view, directed anteriad, in dorsal view forked, elongate, slightly asymmetric; preatrium semispherical (Figs 19 A–C).</p> <p>Female. Measurements. n=3. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 5.18–5.40 mm. Crown median length 0.50 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.37 mm. Pronotum length 0.56 mm. Head width across eyes 1.41–1.47 mm. Pronotum width 1.34–1.36 mm. Ocellus diameter 44.7–57.9 μm; interocular distance 72.7–85.9 µm. Apical angle of crown 110.9°±1.2°.</p> <p>Sternite 7. Posterior margin with wide, shallow, uniformly rounded notch, as wide as width of sternite 7. Sternite 8 desclerotized (Figs 18D, 19L).</p> <p>Valvifer 1. In lateral view, irregularly rectangular, anterior angle acute, dorsal margins of both valvifers round- ed, and ventral margins more or less straight (Figs 19I, J), anterior margin fused to valvula 1; in dorsal view, merged broadly (Fig. 19K), forming a furrow-like structure with ventral margin.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male. Namibia, CCDL27841, Kamanyab, (-19.629, 14.841), Jan[uary]–Mar[ch] 1925, Mus[useum] Exped[ition] (SANC). Paratypes. 4♂, 3♀. Namibia, 4♂, 3♀, ibid. holotype. (SANC).</p> <p>Remarks. Four males and one female were dissected, without signs of parasites. Specimens were remounted onto card points from minutens on card rectangles. Present spelling of the locality is Kamanjab, Kunene region in north western Namibia. The color and rounding of the crown corresponded with the other species of Geelus. The aedeagus of this species is thick, as in G. haakdraad, G. kinkeldraad, G. lemdraad, G. nektanddraad and G. stompdraad, and with some correspondence to G. haakdraad. Distinguishing features of the aedeagus between G. viertanddraad and G. haakdraad are the former with straight shaft, subapical and subbasal paired teeth; the latter with sublinear shaft, subapical lateral paired teeth and dorsal, disk-like complex structure respectively. Unique in this species is the ventral basal lobe of the anal tube, and additionally the aedeagus with semicircular preatrium and asymmetric, desclerotized, anteriad dorsal apodeme. The subgenital plate is triangular, with distal medial and lateral margins straight, to a greater degree than in any other species of Geelus. In this regard there is some similarity to G. dundraad or G. driehoekdraad, but both have the entire lateral margin curvate. The pygofer lobe is rectangular, as in G. haakdraad and G. lemdraad.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87E5FFD9EC5609A4FF65F109A1E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, Michael	Stiller, Michael (2020): A new leafhopper genus Geelus and 12 new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) from Southern Africa. Zootaxa 4786 (3): 301-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.3.1
038E87E5FFDFEC5509A4FA0DF1E9A0DF.text	038E87E5FFDFEC5509A4FA0DF1E9A0DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geelus lemdraad Stiller 2020	<div><p>Geelus lemdraad sp.n.</p> <p>(Figs 20 A–E, 21A–L)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Aedeagal shaft sublinear, tubular, anterior and posterior margin with ridge; preatrium depressed, sinuous in lateral view; dorsal apodeme reduced. Pygofer lobe rectangular, apices rounded, dorso-apical process, orientated medioventrad. Female sternite 7 with sclerotized, sinuous, recessed ligula in shallow, wide notch.</p> <p>Etymology. Named in the Afrikaans language, nouns in apposition, lem, blade, and draad, wire, for the ridges or blade-like structures on the aedeagal shaft. Gender masculine.</p> <p>Color. Male &amp; female. Yellow, faded or more colorful (Figs 20 A–C), specimens collected into 60% alcohol. Face with faint, light brown horizontal arcs (Fig. 20E)</p> <p>Male. Measurements. n=4. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.95–5.13 mm. Crown median length 0.34–0.37 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.29–0.32 mm. Pronotum length 0.54–0.55 mm. Head width across eyes 1.51–1.55 mm. Pronotum width 1.34–1.40 mm. Ocellus diameter 56.0–70.0 μm; interocular distance 56.0– 70.0 µm. Apical angle of crown 130.7°±2.0°.</p> <p>Pygofer lobe. Process orientation, medioventrad (Figs 21F, G); process edentate, apical half sublinear; process origin, dorso-apical; pygofer lobe widely merged with pygofer, lobe rectangular, distal apices rounded; anterior apodeme short, dorsolateral. Subgenital plate extending beyond apex of pygofer lobe (Fig. 21F).</p> <p>Anal tube. Tubular (Fig. 21H).</p> <p>Subgenital plate. Number of macrosetae, approx. 20, long and short macrosetae, 1–2 irregular rows, along lateral margin to submargin; apex acute, rounded; distal lateral margin straight, basal lateral margin curvate; medioposterior angle acute; length: width, 1.3–1.5 (Fig. 21J). Position of style relative to subgenital plate and valve, situated about half-way into subgenital plate.</p> <p>Valve. Shape semicircular (Fig. 21J).</p> <p>Style. Apophysis straight, angled lateroposteriad, at about 45° (Fig. 21E), with single subapical, ventral tooth (Fig. 21D); apophysis half as wide as width across preapical lobe; ratio length to width of apophysis 4–5 (Fig. 21E).</p> <p>Connective. Stem length relative to arm length, one third length of arms; stem width relative to width across arms, about half as wide as width across arms (Fig. 21I).</p> <p>Aedeagus. Shaft thick, tubular; apex of shaft broadly rounded with narrow rim laterally, shaft with anterior and posterior margins with narrow, longitudinal ridge, of similar length as shaft, subbasally drawn into point; shaft sublinear in lateral view; dorsal apodeme, in lateral view, reduced. Preatrium depressed, circular in anterior or posterior view; sinuous in lateral view. Aedeagus in natural position with apex in membranous recess in anal tube (Figs 21 A–C, 21F).</p> <p>Female. Measurements. n=3. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 5.38–5.60 mm. Crown median length 0.38–0.40 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.34 mm. Pronotum length 0.58–0.59 mm. Head width across eyes 1.60-1.65 mm. Pronotum width 1.43–1.52 mm. Ocellus diameter 70.0 μm; interocular distance 68.1–81.3 µm. Api- cal angle of crown 128.8°±1.8°.</p> <p>Sternite 7. Posterior margin with wide, shallow excavation, with short, median, sinuous, sclerotized ligula; ligula about half as long as depth of notch and about one third as wide as width of sternite 7. (Figs 20D, 21K).</p> <p>Valvifer 1. In lateral view, triangular to amorphous, angled acutely to dorsal part of valvifer 1, anterior margin acute; in dorsal view with valvifers broadly merged (Fig. 21L).</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male. South Africa, Western Cape Province, CCDL26278, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.6416&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.646" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.6416/lat -33.646)">Calitzdorp</a> west, - 33.646, 21.6416, 8.v.2015, M. Stiller, DVac Portalucaria afra Portalucaceae (SANC). Paratypes. 3♂, 3♀. Western Cape Province, 3♂, 3♀, ibid. holotype (SANC).</p> <p>Remarks. Three of the four examined males, and two of the three females, were dissected, without signs of parasitism. The aedeagus of this species is thick, with the elongate, longitudinal, lateral ridges on the anterior and posterior margins, giving the shaft a compressed appearance. The shaft is sublinear, that is slightly curved in lateral view, straight in dorsal view, and the apex slightly expanded into a rim. There seems to be no relation between shaft thickness, dorsal apodeme, preatrium shape and orientation. In species with the thin shaft the preatrium is short, the dorsal apodeme is prominent, of various shapes, and acute or right-angled to the shaft. In species with the thick shaft the dorsal apodeme is short or usually reduced and the preatrium enlarged and variously angled to the shaft. Species with the thin shaft are G. dundraad, G. platdraad, G. vurkdraad and G. driehoekdraad. Thick shafts occur in G. haakdraad, G. kinkeldraad, G. lemdraad, G. nektanddraad, G. stompdraad and G. viertanddraad. In addition to the aedeagus, another feature in G. lemdraad is the style with the apophysis angled at 45°, which in all other species of Geelus are linear or sublinear to the sagittal plane through the style. The female sternite 7 is unique with the short, sclerotized, sinuous ligula, unlike that of other species of Geelus where the ligula is rectangular, more elongate, recessed deeper and less strongly sclerotized. This species was collected on a plant, commonly called spekboom, loosely translated as beacon tree, which is considered an important part of the Albany Thicket Biome of the Eastern Cape Province and its range extending in a narrow band north easterly. It is widely used as a hedge plant, sometimes eaten by people and used for erosion control. Sampled easily by vacuuming in three places in the Eastern and Western Cape, and produced at least two new species of Hadroca from near Oudtshoorn and Woodbush railway siding. However, this species was only found near Calitzdorp.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87E5FFDFEC5509A4FA0DF1E9A0DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stiller, Michael	Stiller, Michael (2020): A new leafhopper genus Geelus and 12 new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) from Southern Africa. Zootaxa 4786 (3): 301-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.3.1
