taxonID	type	description	language	source
038E87ED396B960308B12688BCE2FEEE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of the genus. Valves in lateral view reniform / subreniform. Valve surface smooth, only covered with small setae. LV overlapping RV on all free margins, postero-dorsally often with postero-dorsal flange. Calcified inner lamella narrow on both ends. Marginal pore canals short and straight, posteriorly barely visible. A 1 7 - segmented. Male A 2 with setae t 2 and t 3 transformed into sexual bristles; seta z 1 seta like, z 2 transformed into a claw, z 3 seta like. Claws G 1 and G 3 reduced, latter one seta like. In female, G 2 claw as long as other claws on penultimate segment. Terminal segment on Md palp short, only 1.5 times longer than wide. Terminal segment of Mxl palp rectangular. Prehensile palps almost symmetrical with left one being more elongated. T 2 with basal seta on protopod. T 3 with three setae on basal segment, e, f, g setae present, terminal segment with two long and one short seta. CR without posterior seta, anterior and posterior claws both well developed. Hemipenis with one lobe “ a ” and one lobe “ b ”. Lobe “ b ” prominent and distinctly separated from the lobe “ a ”. Genital lobe in the female rounded, or with small processes. Type species Latinopsis patagonica gen. nov., sp. nov. Other species:	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED396B960308B12688BCE2FEEE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The genus name is derived from “ Latin America ” with the suffix “ opsis ” most often used for the genera of the tribe Candonopsini. Gender feminine.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED396B960308B12688BCE2FEEE.taxon	discussion	Remarks and affinities. Latinopsis gen. nov. clearly belongs into the tribe Candonopsini because of the combination of the following characters: the absence of posterior seta on the CR, the appearance of the terminal segment of T 3 (with a clear difference in the length of h 2 and h 3 setae), the broad penultimate segment of the Mxl palp, the seta z 2 on the male antenna is transformed into a claw, while z 1 is seta-like. The new genus belongs to the group of genera with the terminal segment of the Md palp not elongated, i. e. it is less than three times longer than broad. As well as the new genus Latinopsis, the following three genera belong here: Cubacandona Broodbakker, 1983; Caribecandona Broodbakker, 1983, and Pioneercandonopsis Karanovic, 2005. The first two genera are known from the West Indies (Broodbakker 1983, Danielopol 1980, Karanovic 2004), while the last genus is known from Queensland in Australia (Karanovic 2005 b). They are all stygobionts. The new genus differs from Cubacandona, Caribecandona and Pioneercandonopsis in the absence of the second lobe “ a ” on the hemipenis and a different shape of the prehensile palps on the T 1, i. e. palps in the new genus do not have such long subterminal setae and are more symmetrical. In addition to this, the A 1 is reduced in Caribecandona and Pioneercandonopsis, and in Caribecandona the posterior claw on the caudal ramus is strongly reduced. The carapaces of Cubacandona and Caribecandona are asymmetrical in lateral outline (left one being much higher than the right one) and rectangular or triangular, while in Latinopsis the carapace shape is more reniform or elongate, like in other Candonopsini genera and Pioneercandonopsis. The genus Cubacandona is the most similar to the new genus, as the species of the two genera share a 7 - segmented A 1. Karanovic (2004) tentatively placed all species assigned to the genus Candonopsis Vávra, 1891 from South America and the West Indies in the genus Cubacandona, suspecting, however, that they might belong into separate genera. After the discovery of Latinopsis patagonica gen. nov. sp. nov. it seems likely that Cubacandona falclandica (Vávra, 1898), C. columbiensis (Mehés, 1914) and C. anisitsi (Daday, 1905) belong to Latinopsis. Cubacandona anisitsi has been redescribed below, giving enough arguments for the proposed systematic rearrangements. Both C. falclandica and C. columbiensis have a short terminal segment of the mandibular palp, and almost symmetrical prehensile palps as well as a hemipenis with prominent lobe “ b ”, what gives us enough reasoning to consider both species as representatives of the genus Latinopsis. Tressler (1941) reported Candonopsis kingsleyi (Brady & Robertson 1870) from bromeliads from Puerto Rico, providing only a short description and drawings of an undissected male specimen. Danielopol (1980) gave additional drawings of the same specimen, leaving it in open nomenclature as Candonopsis sp. Its position in Latinopsis may be supported by the appearance of the prehensile palps and the shape of the lobe “ b ” on the hemipenis. The length: width ratio of the terminal segment of the Md palp is described by Danielopol (1980) as: “ la forme du palpe mandibulaire qui ressemble à celui de C. trichota et C. thienemanni ”. Candonopsis trichota Schäfer, 1945 and C. thienemanni Schäfer, 1945 were described from the subterranean waters of Greece (Schäfer 1945) and they have a short terminal segment on the mandibular palp. This suggests that the Puerto Rican species also belongs to the genus Latinopsis and it should be probably described as a new species after the examination of the type material. Sars (1901) described Candonopsis brasiliensis Sars, 1901, providing only a brief description and drawings of the carapace. Karanovic & Marmonier (2002) did not include this species in the key to the world representatives of Candonopsis, giving it a status of incertae sedis. Therefore its taxonomic status cannot be assessed at present, and it is not possible to discriminate it from the other representatives of the genus Candonopsis, or even of the tribe Candonopsini.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED396D960F08B121FFBD33F9CD.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after “ Patagonia ” from where it was collected.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED396D960F08B121FFBD33F9CD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype male (dissected on one slide, TMAG G 5897); allotype female (dissected on one slide, TMAG G 5898), paratype female (in alcohol, TMAG G 5899). Type locality: PAC BEN 2 (locality code); Chile, Region XII: Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region, Madre de Dios Archipelago, Pacific cave area, 25 / 01 / 2006, T. Datry, 50 ° 22 ' 35 ” S / 75 ° 27 ' 24 ” W.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED396D960F08B121FFBD33F9CD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Postero-dorsal keel on the left valve prominent. Lobe “ b ” of the hemipenis pointed (forming a triangle), lobe “ a ” widely rounded. Left prehensile palp with finger very long compared to the trunk.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED396D960F08B121FFBD33F9CD.taxon	description	Description. Male: Greatest H slightly behind middle L. Dorsal margin, in lateral outline, almost evenly rounded (Figure 1 A), sloping towards anterior and posterior from indistinct middorsal angle, located somewhat posterior to midlenght. Anterior and posterior margins also evenly rounded and equally wide. Ventral margin almost straight. LV overlapping RV dorsally, anteriorly and posteriorly. LV also with well developed posterodorsal flange. In dorsal view, both ends slightly pointed and equally wide, posterodorsal flange on LV visible as a keel, extension of LV overlapping corresponding posterodorsal part of RV (Figure 1 B). Inner calcified lamella narrow: anteriorly 9 percent, posteriorly 5 percent of total L. Marginal pore canals straight, short and more dense anteriorly. Surface of carapace smooth, covered with sparse and short setae. Salvage not present on either valve. Hinge adont. A 1 (Figure 2 C): 7 - segmented. First segment with 4 setae. All segments free (i. e. no fusion between segments). Second and third segments with one anterior seta each, fourth and fifth segments with two anterior and one posterior seta each (anterior ones being long, posterior short). Penultimate segment with two posterior and two anterior setae (only most posterior seta being short). Alpha seta not observed. Terminal segment with three setae and aesthetasc ya, which 1.7 times longer than terminal segment. L ratios of endopodal segments 1.2: 1.2: 1: 1: 1.3: 1.3. A 2 (Figure 2 D): 6 - segmented (first one not drawn). Penultimate segment subdivided (second and third endopodal segments of male A 2 homologous to second segment of female antenna) with two t-setae transformed into male sexual bristles. Exopod with one long and two short setae. Seta t 1 very long and plumed (well exceeding distal end of terminal segment). Claw G 2 as long as first endopodal segment. Claw G 1 reduced and half as long as G 2, G 3 seta-like and as long as G 1. Seta z 1 short and reaching 2 / 3 of G 1, z 2 transformed into claw, as long as G 2; z 3 seta not reaching distal end of terminal segment. Terminal segment with long Gm claw, and short GM claw, one additional thin claw and sensory seta, and one thin seta. Aesthetasc Y half as long as first endopodal segment; setae y 1, y 2 and y 3 all relatively short. L ratios between endopodal segments 4.3: 2: 1.3: 1. Md (Figure 3 E): palp 4 - segmented. First segment with one short smooth seta, one short plumed seta, and two long, plumed setae. Second segment with one exterior seta, reaching distal end of penultimate segment. Inner edge of same segment with group of 3 + 2 setae (three long and one short seta situated laterally; one long situated distally on segment). Penultimate segment with three exterior distal setae, three interior distal setae, and two posterior distal setae. Terminal segment short, only about 1.5 times longer than wide, with one central claw, one exterior claw and two interior setae. Rake-like organ (Figure 1 D): with about 15 unequal small teeth. Mxl (Figure 1 E): Palp 2 - segmented. First segment with four plumed setae. Second segment with two prominent claws and four seta / claws. Prehensile palps (Figure 1 C): with very elongated fingers and prominent subterminal setae. Palps almost symmetrical. T 2 (Figure 2 A): 5 - segmented. Basal segment with one seta (d 1), first and second endopodal segments with one seta each. Penultimate segment with two setae. Terminal claw (h 2) 0.9 times as long as three terminal segments combined, seta h 1 half as long as terminal segment, seta h 3 as long as same segment. T 3 (Figure 1 G): 5 - segmented. Basal segment with three setae, first, second and third segments with one seta each. Terminal segment with three setae, h 1 being the shortest, half as long as h 2, which is half as long as h 3. CR (Figure 1 F): without posterior seta, with a group of tiny setules posteriorly, near base of posterior claw. L ratios between anterior margin, anterior and posterior claw 1.5: 1: 1. Anterior seta very short. Attachment of CR (Figure 1 H): with only one lateral branch. Hemipenis (Figure 2 B): Lobe “ a ” quadrate, lobe “ b ” with sinusoid distal margin; part “ g ” (middle peace) short. Ejaculatory process (“ e ”) barely distinguishable. Dimensions: L of carapace 0.84 mm, greatest H equaling 46 percent of L. Female: Shape very similar to that of male (Figure 3 A). Antenna (Figure 3 B): All t setae present and well-developed. One seta present extero-medially on penultimate segment. Claw G 2 as long as G 1 and G 3. Seta z 1 slightly stronger than other two z setae, all only exceeding distal end of terminal segment. L ratios of three endopodal segments equaling 5.2: 3.7: 1. T 1 (Figure 3 C): both a and a’ setae present, b and d seta also present. Three rays in exopod and approximately 10 setae on masticatory process. CR and genital segment (Figure 3 D): L ratio between anterior margin, anterior and posterior claws equaling 1.3: 1: 1. Genital lobe with small triangular extension, visible only in lateral view on intact animals (arrow in Figure 3 A), not visible on slide (Figure 3 D). Dimensions: L of carapace 0.83 mm. Greatest H equaling 47 percent of L (same in female paratype). Other appendages similar to those in male.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED396D960F08B121FFBD33F9CD.taxon	discussion	Remarks and affinities. Latinopsis patagonica sp. nov. is most closely related to L. falclandica comb. nov. They share a similar carapace appearance. They differ in the shape of the lobe “ b ” of the hemipenis, which has a sinusoid distal margin but rounded ventral margin in L. falclandica, while ventral margin is pointed (forming a triangle) in L. patagonica; lobe “ a ” is also more widely rounded in L. patagonica. There is also a difference in the appearance of the left prehensile palp: the finger is much longer compared to the trunk in L. patagonica than in L. falclandica. In addition, Vávra (1898) did not mention anything regarding a prominent posterodorsal flange on the left valve of L. falclandica, which is present in L. patagonica. Latinopsis patagonica is also related to the species Tressler (19341) reported as Candonopsis kingsleii from which it differs by a larger lobe “ b ”, more widely rounded lobe “ a ” and longer subterminal setae on the prehensile palps. Latinopsis columbiensis has a completely different appearance of the lobe “ b ” and much shorter finger on the prehensile palps. Carapace of L. anisitsi has a flat dorsal margin, and the hemipenis has a more triangular lobe “ a ” and a less developed lobe “ b ”.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED3961960B08B12690BD2FFCE1.taxon	description	Synonymy	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED3961960B08B12690BD2FFCE1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Three slides were available from the collection of the HMHN, all containing dissected specimens of Candonopsis anisitsi, as marked on the slides. Since Daday (1905) didn’t mark the holotype, and there is no doubt that the specimens deposited in the HNHM are types (therefore syntypes), we designate here a lectotype and paralectotypes. The lectotype is a male dissected on one slide (IV / P- 35) together with one male paralectotype which is half dissected (A 1, A 2, Md, Mxl, T 1 not separated one from another but separated from the T 2, T 3, CR and hemipenis). Slide IV / P- 34 contains one paralectotype, male; slide IV / P- 33 contains two paralectotype males and one paralectotype female. The slide with the lectotype is in good condition, while the other two slides contain specimens poorly mounted. Carapaces were not present on the slides, and thus not observed by the present authors; description of the carapace is based on Daday (1905) illustrations. Type locality: Daday (1905) mentioned three localities in Paraguay for Candonopsis anisitsi: Aregua, Acuncion, and Villa Rica. All three were puddles or small freshwater lagoons. The type locality is not given in Daday (1905), nor marked on the slides, nor mentioned in Forró et al. (1987), containing a list of ostracod taxa described by Daday and deposited in the HMNH.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED3961960B08B12690BD2FFCE1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Dorsal margin in lateral outline straight. Lobe “ b ” of the hemipenis small and rounded, lobe “ a ” narrow and triangular.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED3961960B08B12690BD2FFCE1.taxon	description	Description. Male: In lateral outline dorsal margin is straight line. Anterior and posterior margins (in same outline) evenly rounded and equally wide. Ventral margin slightly concave. Inner calcified lamella narrow: anteriorly 9 percent, posteriorly 5 percent of total L. Marginal pore canals straight, short and more dense anteriorly. Surface of carapace smooth, covered with sparse and short setae. A 1 (Figure 4 D, E): 7 - segmented. First segment with four setae. Second segment with one long anterior seta, reaching distal end of fourth segment. Third segment with one anterior and one posterior seta, both being short. Fourth and fifth segments with two anterior and one posterior seta each. Penultimate segment with two posterior and two anterior setae. Alpha seta not observed. Terminal segment (Figure 4 E) with three setae and aesthetasc ya, which is 1.4 times longer than terminal segment. L ratios of endopodal segments 1.2: 1.4: 1: 1: 1.2: 1. A 2 (Figure 4 A): 6 - segmented (first one not drawn). Penultimate segment subdivided with two t-setae transformed into male sexual bristles. Exopod with one long and two short setae. Seta t 1 very long and plumed (well exceeding distal end of terminal segment). Claw G 2 as long as first endopodal segment. Claw G 1 reduced and half as long as G 2, G 3 seta-like and as long as G 1. Seta z 1 short and only slightly exceeding distal end of terminal segment. Seta z 2 transformed into claw, as long as G 2; z 3 seta not reaching distal end of terminal segment. Terminal segment with long Gm claw, and short GM claw. Aesthetasc Y half as long as first endopodal segment. L ratios between endopodal segments 7.2: 3.4: 2.3: 1. Md (Figure 5 D): palp 4 - segmented. First segment with two short, and two long and plumed setae. Second segment with one exterior seta, reaching distal end of penultimate segment. Inner edge of same segment with a group of 3 + 2 setae. Penultimate segment three setae extero-distally, three setae intero-distally and two setae distally. Terminal segment short, only about 1.5 times longer than wide, with one central claw, one exterior claw and two interior setae. Rake-like organ (Figure 4 C): with about 14 unequal small teeth. Mxl (Figure 4 F): Palp 2 - segmented. First segment with three plumed and one smooth seta. Second segment with two prominent claws and four seta / claws. T 1 and prehensile palps (Figure 5 B, C): left and right limbs equally developed, with elongated finger and prominent subterminal setae. Both a and a’ setae present. T 2 (Figure 5 F): 5 - segmented. Basal segment with one seta, first and second endopodal segments with one seta each. Penultimate segment with one seta observed. Terminal claw 0.9 times as long as three terminal segments combined. T 3 (Figure 4 B): 5 - segmented. Basal segment with three setae; first, second and third segments with one seta each, seta f considerably longer than g. Terminal segment with three setae, h 1 being the shortest, but only slightly shorter than h 2, which is 1 / 3 times as long as h 3. CR (Figure 5 E): without posterior seta. L ratios between anterior margin, anterior and posterior claw 1.2: 1: 1. Hemipenis (Figure 5 A): Lobe “ a ” triangular; middle part “ g ” short, ejaculatory process “ e ” small. No second lobe “ a ”. Margins of lobe “ b ” hard to distinguish of the slide, but lobe “ b ” being rounded. Female: Slide in a poor condition. A 2 observed and with G 2 as long as G 1, CR similar to that of the male. Daday’s (1905) descriptions of female should be followed.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED3961960B08B12690BD2FFCE1.taxon	discussion	Remarks and affinities. The species can be easily separated from other representatives of the genus by its appearance in the lateral view: it has a flat dorsal margin, which inclines towards frontal and caudal ends. The drawings of the hemipenis of C. anisitsi, presented by Daday (1905), are somewhat confusing, and it is not clear if there is a second lobe “ a ”. The examination of the type material has revealed that there is only one lobe “ a ” and that the proximal part, which could be mistaken for the “ a 1 ” lobe, is an unidentified parasite, with many more present on the same slide, the animals having probably been infected prior to dissection. Unfortunately, the later record of this species from Paraguay (Klie 1930) did not clarify the appearance of the carapace, and carapaces are not kept in the collection of the Zoological Museum in Hamburg, where three slides (collection numbers 324 a, 324 b, and 324 c) containing only soft parts are deposited. Tressler (1956) reported Candonopsis anisitsi from Jamaica, but the shape of the carapace presented in the paper does not correspond with that of C. anisitsi at all, as it is more rounded than in Daday’s drawings (Daday, 1905: Plate 16), so the identity of that species remains uncertain.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED3965961708B12476BFC1FBF0.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The species is named after Candona incarum (Moniez, 1899) with the species name prefixed by Latin adverb “ quasi ”, meaning “ appearing as if, like ”, referring to the close similarity between the two species.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED3965961708B12476BFC1FBF0.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype female (dissected on one slide, TMAG G 5901), 7 paratype females (all in alcohol, TMAG G 5902) Type locality: C 1 BA, Chile, Region XII: Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region, Madre de Dios Archipelago, Condor lake area, 18 / 01 / 2006, T. Datry & T. Lefebure, 50 ° 17 ' 28,604 S / 75 ° 15 ' 12,924 W. Other material: 10 females (in alcohol, TMAG G 5903) from: SN 5 AB (Chile, Region XII: Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region, Madre de Dios Archipelago, Seno nord area, 04 / 02 / 2006, T. Datry & T. Lefebure, 50 ° 15 ' 30 ” S / 75 ° 16 ' 10 ” W; 6 females (in alcohol, TMAG G 5904) from PAC Ben 2 (Chile, Region XII: Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region, Madre de Dios Archipelago, Pacific cave area, 25 / 01 / 2006, T. Datry, 50 ° 22 ' 35 ” S / 75 ° 27 ' 25 ” W; female (on slide, TMAG G 5905), 4 females (in alcohol, TMAG G 5906) from: TAIB (Chile, Region XII: Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region, Madre de Dios Archipelago, Tarlton island area, 05 / 02 / 2006, T. Datry & T. Lefebure, 50 ° 25 ' 06 ” S / 75 ° 26 ' 55 ” W; 2 females (on slide, TMAG G 5907 & TMAG G 5908), 1 female in alcohol (TMAG G 5909) from: 1 B Benthos (Chile, Region XII: Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region, Madre de Dios Archipelago, Guarello base camp area, 06 / 01 / 2006, T. Datry & T. Lefebure, 50 ° 22 ' 05 ” S / 75 ° 20 ' 58 ” W.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED3965961708B12476BFC1FBF0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Species with asymmetrical carapace, LV being considerably larger than the RV. Greatest H around the middle, posterior and anterior setae on caudal ramus long.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED3965961708B12476BFC1FBF0.taxon	description	Description. Dorsal margin evenly rounded, with greatest H situated around middle, equaling 50 percent of total L (Figure 6 A). Ventral margin concave, anterior and posterior margins rounded, the anterior one slightly wider than the posterior one. LV overlapping RV on all free margins, dorsally with a flange, which is weakly developed (Figure 6 B). In dorsal view, greatest W around mid-length (Figure 6 C). Calcified inner lamella narrow, anteriorly 10 percent, posteriorly 8 percent of L. Marginal pore canals straight and relatively dense. Carapace surface without ornamental sculptures, covered only with Porenwarzen from which very short setae originate. A 1 (Figure 7 E): 7 - segmented. First segment with four setae. Second segment with one anterior seta reaching only end of following segment; second segment with one anterior and one posterior seta, anterior exceeding, while posterior reaching distal margin of fourth segment; fourth and fifth segments with two setae anteriorly and one posteriorly, posterior setae short, while anterior ones long; sixth segment with two posterior (two times longer than terminal segment) and two anterior, long setae, plus very short alpha seta. Terminal segment with two setae, one thin claw and aesthetasc ya which is 1.4 times longer than terminal segment. L ratio of endopodal segments 1: 1: 1: 1: 1.2: 1.8. A 2 (Figure 7 A): exopod consisting of plate with one long and two short setae. Two setae on distal end of first endopodal segment subequally long. All t-setae present and subequally long, exceeding by far terminal segment. Seta z 1 transformed into claw, slightly exceeding distal end of terminal segment, while z 2 and z 3 seta like and two times longer than z 1. Claws G 2, G 1, G 3 and GM subequally long and almost as long as other terminal claws. Claw Gm 1 / 3 shorter. All aesthetascs well-developed: Y reaching distal margin of first endopodal segment, y 2 and y 3 very short, y 3 slightly shorter than Gm. Rake-like organ (Figure 7 B): with 7 - 8 strong teeth. Md palp (Figure 7 F): Palp 4 - segmented. First segment with three setae observed. Second segment exteriorly with two long setae exceeding distal end of terminal segment, inner edge with variable number of setae in a group: 3 + 2 (Figure 7 H), 4 + 2 (Figure 7 G) and 5 + 2 (Figure 7 F). Gamma seta smooth. Penultimate segment with three setae exteriorly and four setae distally. Terminal segment with one central claw, one exteriorly claw, and seta interiorly. Mxl palp (Figure 7 D): first segment three plumed and one smooth seta. Second segment with two claws and three setae. T 1 (Figure 6 G): with only one a seta, both b and d setae present. Two setae in exopod. Masticatory process with about 10 seate. T 2 (Figure 7 C): basal segment with one long seta d 1; first and second endopodal segments with one seta each; penultimate segment with two setae. Terminal claw 1.2 times longer than three distal segments combined. Seta h 3 twice as long as seta h 1. T 3 (Figure 6 F): basal segment with only d 1 and dp setae. First endopodal segment bare, following segment not subdivided, seta g as long as segment. Terminal segment with three setae, all long, L ratios of h 1, h 2 and h 3 setae 1: 1.5: 1.9. CR (Figure 6 E): all claws and setae well developed. Posterior seta situated on 20 percent of L of posterior margin, and as long as posterior claw. Anterior seta 1 / 3 of anterior claw. Posterior margin of CR proximally with group of setules. L ratio of anterior margin, anterior and posterior claws 1.4: 1. 3: 1. Caudal seta (Figure 6 D) well developed. Genital field rounded without any process. Dimensions. L of carapace varies from 0.57 mm to 0.92 mm (average 0.68 mm, n = 9). Greatest H in all examined specimens varying between 48 percent and 51 percent of total L. No males found.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED3965961708B12476BFC1FBF0.taxon	discussion	Remarks and affinities. The following Candona Baird, 1845 species were recorded in South America: C. araucana Löffler, 1961; C. parva Daday, 1905; and C. incarum (Moniez, 1899). Martens & Behen (1994) listed another five species: C. albida (Dana, 1852), C. annae Mehés, 1914; C. capsularis Klie, 1935; C. cyproides (Daday, 1905) and C. pedropalensis Mehés, 1914. Candona albida does not belong to the subfamily Candoninae at all, as on the figures provided by Dana (1853), the species is illustrated with the swimming setae on the antenna (Dana 1852: Figure 10). Candona annae, C. capsularis and C. pedropalensis were transferred into the genus Typhlocypris Vejdovský, 1882 by Karanovic (2005 a). Candona cyproides is characterized by the presence of the e, and f setae on T 3, a posterior seta on the CR which is claw-like and attached at a very proximal position. The absence of the swimming setae and the appearance of the terminal segment of T 3 place C. cyproides in the subfamily Candoninae, but the appearance of CR and Mxl palp (with a spatula-shaped terminal segment) place it in the family Cyprididae. Ekman (1908) described Candona pygmea from Sweden, another species with f seta on the cleaning leg, but this is not characteristic of other Candona species. Therefore the position of C. cyproides remains uncertain. Candona quasiincarum sp. nov., like the other three remaining species of Candona recognized here from South America (C. incarum, C. araucana, and C. parva), has a 4 - segmented T 3 which makes them an easily recognizable group. The only species with this feature from outside South America is the Holarctic C. candida (O. F. Müller, 1776). All South American species of the genus Candona belong into the candida - group, because the second segment of their Md palp bears an interior group of 5 + 2 setae. Although it is an important character, it is variable in C. quasiincarum, as there are specimens with 3 + 2 and 4 + 2 setae. In one animal, one Md palp carried 4 + 2, while the other one had 5 + 2 setae. It is also worth noticing that smaller specimens tend to have fewer setae on the palps. Variability in the number of setae in this place is also noticed in the genus Typhlocypris (see Karanovic 2005 a).	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED3965961708B12476BFC1FBF0.taxon	description	Candona quasiincarum differs from the remaining species of Candona with 4 - segmented T 3, in the asymmetrical carapace, the LV being considerably larger than the RV. It differs from C. incarum also in having a much shorter posterior claw on the CR and a slightly different carapace shape: the greatest H in the new species is around the middle, while in C. incarum it is behind the middle, so the frontal margin is narrower than the caudal one. Candona araucana has a carapace shape which is similar to that of C. incarum, but the posterior seta on the CR is positioned more proximal on the ramus than in C. quasiincarum. In contrary to C. quasiincarum, C. parva has (in lateral view) a very wide posterior end of the carapace, the dorsal margin sloping down towards the anterior end, which is considerably narrower than the posterior one. The posterior seta on the CR is very short in C. parva. Candona candida has an almost straight posterior margin of the carapace. There are a few Candona species described from the Lake Baikal (Mazepova 1990) with a 4 - segmented cleaning leg, but their carapace shape is different, with many additional differences in the morphology of the soft parts.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED3979961508B12525BB2DFAC2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Two females (on one slide ZMO 11572 Mp. 498) from Brazil, Sao Paolo. The slide containing this species was in a very poor condition and dissected animals were very difficult to observe. Therefore we provide only a limited number of drawings and a short description, which is based on the animals examined, but which nevertheless shows the correct systematic position of the species.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED3979961508B12525BB2DFAC2.taxon	description	Description. Posterior end of RV (Figure 8 D): with prominent inwardly displaced selvage and inner list. A 1 (Figure 8 B): 7 - segmented. Third segment with one posterior seta which short, and not reaching distal end of following segment. Fourth segment with two long anterior setae; fifth segment with two long anterior setae and one short posterior seta. Sixth segment with three long and one short seta. L ratio of last 6 segments 2.4: 1.8: 1: 1: 1: 1.4. A 2 (Figure 8 A): swimming setae short, reaching at most middle of penultimate segment. All t-setae developed, t 1 being the shortest. Only two z-setae (z 1 and z 2 or z 2 and z 3) observed, both being seta-like and reaching middle of terminal claws. All distal claws, except Gm long, but shorter than first endopodal segment. Only Y observed and not reaching distal end of first endopodal segment. L ratios of endopodal segments 5.7: 3.2: 1. Mxl (Figure 8 C): terminal segment of Mxl palp elongated, almost two times longer than wide. First segment with two bare setae; second segment with one claw and three setae. Claws on third Mxl endite smooth. T 2 (Figure 8 F): Basal segment with one seta (d 1). First, second and third endopodal segments with one seta each. Setae on endopodal segment very long, each being almost two times longer than bearing segment. Terminal segment with one short seta and a claw. Claw curved and 1.4 times longer than three distal segments combined. T 3 (Figure 8 G): Basal segment with two setae (dp and d 2). First and second endopodal segments with one seta each, seta on second endopodal segment positioned medially. Terminal segment not pincer shaped. Seta h 2 claw like. L ratios of three setae on terminal segment 1: 1.6: 1.8. CR (Figure 8 E): cylindrical and reduced. Trunk with one short lateral seta and one distal whip-like seta.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED3979961508B12525BB2DFAC2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Neocypridopsis albida (Sars, 1901) was originally assigned to the genus Paracypridopsis Kaufmann, 1900, which was subsequently synonymized with the genus Potamocypris Brady, 1870. Sars (1901) had described the species from a mud sample from Sao Paolo. Without discussing, Martens & Behen (1994) transferred the species to the genus Danielocandona Broodbakker, 1983, a Candoninae genus. While working on the revision of the subfamily Candoninae, the senior author borrowed the type material of the species from the Zoological Museum in Oslo. The presence of swimming setae on the second antenna undoubtedly excludes the species from the subfamily Candoninae, while a reduction of the caudal ramus is unknown for the other two Candonidae subfamilies, Cyclocypridinae and Paracypridinae. Also, the morphology of the terminal segment of T 3 as well as length ratio of the three setae (h 1, h 2 and h 3) is different in both these Candonidae subfamilies. Namely, the terminal segment is more elongated and seta h 3 is much longer and setae h 2 and h 1 are about same length. Neocypridopsis albida has a T 3 terminal segment not forming a pincer, which is atypical for the entire family Cyprididae with only rare exceptions, these being Neocypridopsis Klie, 1940 and Neozonocypris Klie, 1944. The latter genus is characterized by ornamented carapaces and a conspicuous caudal ramus, which is conical in shape and without clearly separated terminal setae (Klie 1944) – features which do not apply to the species albida. Therefore the here considered Brazilian species should belong to the genus Neocypridopsis, described by Klie (1940) from North Brazil.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED397B961408B1268ABCACFF5D.taxon	description	C. incarum (Moniez, 1899) (Moniez 1899, Martens & Behen 1994) Distribution: Bolivia (Lake Titicaca)	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED397A961408B121C7BFC9FC26.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Columbia, Haiti, Florida, North Carolina, Massachusetts	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
038E87ED397A961308B127C9BFB3FD0A.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Columbia L. patagonica sp. nov.	en	Karanovic, Ivana, Datry, Thibault (2009): Overview of Candoninae (Crustacea, Ostracoda) of South America and the West Indies, with the description of two new species and one new genus. Zootaxa 2267: 1-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190875
