identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038F880FFFB6FFDAFF40E2B54CACFB43.text	038F880FFFB6FFDAFF40E2B54CACFB43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kosalya Distant 1906	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Kosalya Distant, 1906</p>
            <p> Type species.  Kosalya flavostrigata Distant, 1906: 292 , by original designation.  Kosalya Distant, 1906: 292 ; Fennah, 1950: 72; Chen et al., 1989: 20. </p>
            <p>Redescription. The distinctive characters used by Fennah (1950) and Chen et al. (1989) are modified as follows. Mesonotum often with large black markings between lateral carinae and smaller markings outside of each lateral carinae. Ratio width of head including eyes to width of pronotum 0.7. Ratio width of vertex across base to length in middle line 2–3. Ratio length of frons in middle line to maximum width 0.8–1.3, ratio maximum width to width at base 1.4–1.5. Ratio length of postclypeus in middle to length of frons 0.5–1.4. Rostrum almost reaching hind trochanters. Pronotum as long or longer behind eyes as in middle line, posterior margin angulately concave. Mesonotum longer than vertex and pronotum combined. Hind tibia with one lateral spine in basal third. Spinal formula of hind leg 7-6-6. Forewing with vein Sc+R forking slightly proximally, or distally, of Cu1 fork. Male genitalia. Pygofer with paired medioventral processes in ventral view. Genital style with two dorsad directed processes rising from dorsal margin. Phallobase in dorsal view asymmetrical, lateral areas sclerotized and diverging dorsally, bilateral lobes reduced to small, synclinally crossing pieces, apex slightly incised in middle, ventral lobe with row of spines in the middle. Ratio length of phallic appendage to length of phallobase 3–4, apical part of appendages distinctly shagreen especially dorsally, left appendage obtuse, with a large subapical spine beneath apex, right appendage pointed, with large apical spine.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  Kosalya is similar to  Phypia Stål 1862 , but differs from the latter in: frontal and clypeal margins raised in a single unbroken curve (  Phypia not so); pygofer with paired medioventral processes (  Phypia with medioventral process entire).  Kosalya may be distinguished from other Plectoderini by the following combination of features: mesonotum with two to six dark brown markings; frons strongly depressed between median and lateral carinae; phallobase in dorsal view asymmetrical, lateral areas sclerotized and diverging dorsally, bilateral lobes reduced to small synclinally crossing pieces, apex slightly incised in middle, ventral lobe with row of spines in the middle; left appendage obtuse, with a large subapical spine beneath apex, right appendage pointed, with large apical spine. </p>
            <p>Distribution. Oriental region, Palaearctic region.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F880FFFB6FFDAFF40E2B54CACFB43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Long, Jian-Kun;Chen, Xiang-Sheng	Long, Jian-Kun, Chen, Xiang-Sheng (2013): Three new species of the genus Kosalya Distant, 1906 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Achilidae) from China. Zootaxa 3683 (5): 549-560, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3683.5.3
038F880FFFB6FFD9FF40E4FE4BC7FE6C.text	038F880FFFB6FFD9FF40E4FE4BC7FE6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kosalya	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to species of the genus  Kosalya</p>
            <p>1. Mesonotum with six dark brown markings.................................................................. 2</p>
            <p>- Mesonotum not as above................................................................................ 6</p>
            <p> 2. Anal segment in lateral view distantly bent ventrad in the middle, in dorsal view distally asymmetrical (Figs 56, 58)..........................................................................................  K. curvusanusa sp. nov.</p>
            <p>- Anal segment in lateral view not bent, in dorsal view symmetrical (Chen et al., 1989: Fig. 8 E; Emeljanov, 2005: Fig. 5: 2).. 3</p>
            <p> 3. Anal segment in lateral view apically subtruncate (Emeljanov, 2005: Fig. 5: 2)............................  K. concludens</p>
            <p>- Anal segment in lateral view apically rounded............................................................... 4</p>
            <p> 4. Anal segment in dorsal view with basal margin broadly concave, apical margin of genital style subtruncate (Anufriev, 1969: Figs 23, 26)..............................................................................  K. flavostrigata</p>
            <p>- Anal segment in dorsal view with basal margin sinuate in the middle, apical margin of genital style rounded (Chen et al., 1989: Figs 7 G, 7H, 8G, 8H)................................................................................... 5</p>
            <p> 5. Medioventral processes of pygofer in ventral view with apical process half as wide as basal process (Chen et al., 1989: Fig. 7 I)..........................................................................................  K. improcera</p>
            <p> - Medioventral processes of pygofer in ventral view gradually narrowing apically (Chen et al., 1989: Fig. 8 F).....  K. dilatata</p>
            <p> 6. Mesonotum with four markings; medioventral paired pygofer processes separated at base, thumb-like (Figs 7, 9, 15)..........................................................................................  K. unimaculata sp. nov.</p>
            <p> - Mesonotum with a large marking and an annular marking; medioventral paired pygofer processes separated in the middle, apically hook-like (Figs 26, 28, 34).......................................................  K. circumscripta sp. nov.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F880FFFB6FFD9FF40E4FE4BC7FE6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Long, Jian-Kun;Chen, Xiang-Sheng	Long, Jian-Kun, Chen, Xiang-Sheng (2013): Three new species of the genus Kosalya Distant, 1906 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Achilidae) from China. Zootaxa 3683 (5): 549-560, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3683.5.3
038F880FFFB5FFD9FF40E38F4A99F83E.text	038F880FFFB5FFD9FF40E38F4A99F83E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kosalya unimaculata	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Kosalya unimaculata sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 1–23)</p>
            <p>Measurements. Body length (from apex of vertex to tip of forewing): male 7.3–9.0 mm (n = 8), female 8.5–11.0 mm (n = 26); forewing length: male 6.2–7.6 mm (n = 8), female 7.2–9.0 mm (n = 26).</p>
            <p>Coloration. Color pattern of anterior dorsum and face as in Figs 1–8. Head and thorax yellowish to reddish brown. Antennae yellowish brown. Eyes brown. Mesonotum with two large black markings between lateral carinae along middle line on anterior and posterior margin, and one smaller black marking outside of each lateral carinae. Tegula reddish brown with black transverse stripe along distal margin. Forewing fuscous, with yellowish brown triangular marking between costal margin and A1. Hindwings brown, veins dark brown. Legs brown. Abdomen ventrally dark brown with two basal segment pale yellowish-brown, dorsally dark brown.</p>
            <p>Head and thorax. Ratio width of vertex from base to length in middle line 2.9. Ratio length of frons in middle line to maximum width 1.1, ratio maximum width to width at base 1.5, disc strongly depressed between median and lateral carina. Postclypeus as long as frons in middle line. Rostrum with ratio apical to subapical segment 1.7. Ratio length of pronotum in middle line to length of vertex 1.5. Ratio of mesonotum in middle line to length of pronotum 5.1, to length of pronotum and vertex combined 3.0. Forewing with ratio length to maximum width 2.9. Hindwings with ratio length to maximum width 1.7.</p>
            <p>Male genitalia. Anal segment in dorsal view (Fig. 16) with ratio length to maximum width 1.41, apical margin incised in middle, lateral margin with subtriangular processes at very base. Pygofer in lateral view (Fig. 14) with dorsal margin distinctly shorter than ventral margin, anterior margin sinuate, posterior margin slightly convex medially; in ventral view (Fig. 15) with paired medioventral processes, basally separate, apically thumb-like. Genital style longer than wide (Figs 17, 18), with two processes rising from basal third of dorsal margin and directed dorsad, distal two-thirds of dorsal margin rather straight, ventral margin slightly convex, apical margin narrowly rounded; inner and outer surfaces with scattered short setae, basal areas near dorsal margin on both surfaces with some longer setae. Phallobase sheath-shaped, in lateral view (Fig. 20) almost rectangular; in ventral view (Fig. 21) asymmetrical, distally slightly incised in middle, with six teeth-like spines along median longitudinal line, suspensoria rising from the base; in dorsal view (Fig. 22) with three finger-like processes in basal half and one spinous process at each lateral margin. Stem of connective with short membranous section at middle, close to base. Phallic appendages (Fig. 23) slender, tubular, about three times longer than phallobase, apex distinctly shagreen, especially the dorsal surface, left appendage apically obtuse, with large subapical spine beneath apex, right appendage pointed with large apical spine.</p>
            <p>Type material. Holotype: 3, China: Guizhou, Jiangkou, Fanjingshan National Natural Reserve, 21–22 Sep. 2011, J.-K Long and Z.-H Fan; paratypes: 3 3, 1 Ƥ, same data as holotype; 4 3, 25 ƤƤ, Bawangling National Natural Reserve, Hainan, China, 28 Apr. 2009, T.-T. He.</p>
            <p>Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin words “ uni ” and “ maculatus ”, referring to the mesonotum with one marking between the tegula and lateral carina.</p>
            <p>Distribution. China (Guizhou and Hainan).</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Kosalya unimaculata is similar to  K. dilatata Chen, Yang &amp; Wilson, 1989 but differs from the latter in: mesonotum with a single small dark brown marking between tegula and lateral carina (two small dark brown markings in  K. dilatata ); anal segment in dorsal view with lateral margin subangular at very base (rounded at very base in  K. dilatata ); apical margin of genital style narrowly rounded (broadly rounded in  K. dilatata ); and each side of phallobase with one sharp process (sharp process present only on the left side in  K. dilatata ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F880FFFB5FFD9FF40E38F4A99F83E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Long, Jian-Kun;Chen, Xiang-Sheng	Long, Jian-Kun, Chen, Xiang-Sheng (2013): Three new species of the genus Kosalya Distant, 1906 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Achilidae) from China. Zootaxa 3683 (5): 549-560, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3683.5.3
038F880FFFB2FFDCFF40E2FF4F47FDF4.text	038F880FFFB2FFDCFF40E2FF4F47FDF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kosalya circumscripta	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Kosalya circumscripta sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 24–42)</p>
            <p>Measurements. Body length (from apex of vertex to tip of forewing): male 8.0–9.0 mm (n = 2); forewing length: male 6.7–7.5 mm (n = 2).</p>
            <p> Coloration. Eyes black. Mesonotum with one large dark brown marking surrounded by an annular marking on disc. Forewing brown. Legs light brown basely. Abdomen with ventral areas pale brown to dark brown, dorsally dark brown. Other external features resemble  Kosalya unimaculata sp. nov. in colouring. </p>
            <p>Head and thorax. Ratio width of vertex from base to length in middle line 3.1. Ratio length of frons in middle line to maximum width 0.8, ratio maximum width to width at base 1.5. Ratio length of postclypeus in middle line to length of frons 1.4. Rostrum with ratio apical to subapical segment 1.8. Pronotum as long as vertex in middle line; Ratio length of mesonotum in middle line to length of pronotum 7.9, to length of pronotum and vertex combined 4.0. Forewing with ratio length to maximum width 2.8, vein Sc + R forking slightly proximally of vein Cu1 fork (Fig. 31). Hindwings with ratio length to maximum width 1.8.</p>
            <p>Male genitalia. Anal segment in dorsal view (Fig. 35) as wide as long, apical margin incised in middle. Pygofer in lateral view (Fig. 33) with dorsal margin distinctly shorter than ventral margin, posterior margin with a broadly rounded lobe near the middle; in ventral view (Fig. 34) medioventral paired processes separated in the middle, apex hook-like. Genital style slightly longer than wide (Figs 36, 37), subtriangalar, with two processes rising from approximately the middle of the dorsal margin and directed dorsad, apical margin broadly rounded; inner and outer surface with some scattered hair-like setae. Phallobase (Figs 39–41) sheath-shaped, in ventral view (Fig. 40) asymmetrical, distally slightly incised in middle, with a row of teeth along middle line; in dorsal view (Fig. 41) with four strong processes near median area. Stem of connective with short membranous section at middle, close to base. Phallic appendages (Fig. 42) slender, tubular, about three times longer than phallobase, apex distinctly shagreen especially the dorsal surface, left appendage apically obtuse, with large spine subapical beneath apex, right appendage pointed with large apical spine.</p>
            <p>Type material. Holotype: 3, China: Guizhou, Yanhe, Mayanghe National Natural Reserve, 5 June 2007, X.- S. Chen; paratype: 1 3, Mayanghe National Natural Reserve, Yanhe, Guizhou, 6 Oct. 2007, Y.-J. Li.</p>
            <p> Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin words “  circumscripta ”, referring to the mesonotum with annular marking. </p>
            <p>Distribution. China (Guizhou).</p>
            <p> Remarks. This new species resembles  K. improcera Chen, Yang &amp; Wilson, 1989 , but differs from the latter in: mesonotum with a large dark brown marking surrounded by an annular dark brown marking (two smaller dark brown markings between tegula and lateral carinae in  K. improcera ); anterior margin of anal segment in dorsal view with a single and shallow concave depression (with two posterior concave depressions in  K. improcera ); and medioventral processes with the apex acute and shallow median fissure (rounded and deep median fissure in  K. improcera ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F880FFFB2FFDCFF40E2FF4F47FDF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Long, Jian-Kun;Chen, Xiang-Sheng	Long, Jian-Kun, Chen, Xiang-Sheng (2013): Three new species of the genus Kosalya Distant, 1906 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Achilidae) from China. Zootaxa 3683 (5): 549-560, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3683.5.3
038F880FFFB0FFDCFF40E0304F80F81E.text	038F880FFFB0FFDCFF40E0304F80F81E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kosalya curvusanusa	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Kosalya curvusanusa sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 43–64)</p>
            <p>Measurements. Body length (from apex of vertex to tip of forewing): male 7.3 mm (n = 1), female 9.1–9.9 mm (n = 5); forewing length: male 6.1 mm (n = 1), female 7.7–8.4 mm (n = 5).</p>
            <p> Coloration. Eyes dark brown. Ocelli yellowish white, surrounded by reddish coloration. Mesonotum with two large dark markings between lateral carinae and two smaller dark markings on each side outside of lateral carinae. Forewings brown. Legs light brown basely. Abdomen ventrally pale brown to dark brown, dorsally dark brown. Other external features resemble  Kosalya unimaculata sp. nov. in colouring. </p>
            <p>Head and thorax. Ratio width of vertex from base to length in middle line 2.8. Ratio length of frons in middle line to maximum width 1.3, ratio maximum width to width at base 1.4. Ratio length of postclypeus in middle line to length of frons 0.8. Rostrum with ratio apical to subapical segment 1.4. Ratio length of pronotum in middle line to length of vertex 1.2. Ratio length of mesonotum in middle line to length of pronotum 6.5, to length of pronotum and vertex combined 3.5. Forewing with ratio length to maximum width 3.0, Sc + R forking slightly distally of Cu1 fork. Hindwings with ratio length to maximum width 1.9.</p>
            <p>Male genitalia. Anal segment in dorsal view (Fig. 58) with ratio length to maximum width 1.6, apical margin incised in middle, lateral margins convex, with small angled processes at base, basal margin concave; apical portion asymmetrical, in lateral view strongly bent ventrad in the middle (Fig. 56). Pygofer in lateral view (Fig. 56) with dorsal margin distinctly shorter than ventral margin, posterior margin sinuate; in ventral view (Fig. 57) medioventral paired processes apically narrowing, slightly rounded at apex. Genital style longer than wide (Figs 59, 60), with two processes rising from angle at basal third of dorsal margin and directed dorsad, outer process with two small processes at apex, ventral margin slightly convex, apical part of style narrowing, apex rounded. Phallobase sheath-shaped, in lateral view (Fig. 62) subrectangular, ventrally with row of seven teeth-like spines, apex dorsally concave; in ventral view (Fig. 63) asymmetrical, distally slightly incised in middle, suspensoria rising from the base, right lobe with spiniform process, directed outwards; in dorsal view (Fig. 64), with two large lobiform processes at middle and base. Stem of connective with short membranous section at middle, close to base. Phallic appendages (Fig. 61) slender, tubular, about three times as long as phallobase, apex distinctly shagreen especially the dorsal surface, left appendage obtuse apically, with large subapical spine beneath apex, right appendage pointed with large apical spine.</p>
            <p>Type material. Holotype: 3, China: Shaanxi, Qiangning, Qingmuchuan National Natural Reserve, 18 July 2010, H. Li and Z.-H. Fan; paratypes: 5 ƤƤ, Heihe National Forest Park, Zhouzhi, Shaanxi, China, 9–12 Aug. 2010, Y.-L. Zheng.</p>
            <p>Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin words “ curvus ” and “ anus ”, indicating the distinctly curved anal segment in lateral view.</p>
            <p>Distribution. China (Shaanxi).</p>
            <p> Remarks. This new species is similar to  K. dilatata Chen, Yang &amp; Wilson, 1989 , but differs from the latter in: anal segment in lateral view strongly bent ventrad in the middle (straight in  K. dilatata ); anal segment in dorsal view with an asymmetrical apex (symmetrical in  K. dilatata ); ventral margin of genital style in lateral view broadly round and the dorsal margin broadly concave near the apex (majority of ventral margin straight and ventral margin slightly concave near the apex in  K. dilatata ); right lateral margin of phallobase with one sharp process in ventral view (lacking in  K. dilatata ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F880FFFB0FFDCFF40E0304F80F81E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Long, Jian-Kun;Chen, Xiang-Sheng	Long, Jian-Kun, Chen, Xiang-Sheng (2013): Three new species of the genus Kosalya Distant, 1906 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Achilidae) from China. Zootaxa 3683 (5): 549-560, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3683.5.3
