taxonID	type	description	language	source
038F9713FFBC53620B60F4D3B135FC64.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. – Helix resplendens Philippi, 1846; by original designation in Godwin-Austen, 1907: 179.	en	Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak (2008): Taxonomic Re-Evaluation Of Sarika Diadema (Dall, 1897) And S. Asamurai (Panha, 1997), Two Endemic Land Snails From Thailand (Pulmonata: Ariophantidae: Macrochlamydinae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 56 (1): 95-100, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5341400
038F9713FFBC53620B60F4D3B135FC64.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. – Shell thin, translucent, corneous to light brown, dextral, depressed to slightly convex and rimate. Shell surface smooth, glossy, with very fine growth lines or rarely with radial grooves. Whorls 6 – 8, increasing regularly, flat to slightly convex. Last whorl well-rounded to slightly shouldered. Aperture crescentic with simple lip. Animal with right and left mantle-lobes, flaps, blackish or grayish (rarely with bright colour). Genitalia with long penial appendage; penial retractor muscle large and attached to head of penial appendage. Spermatophore long with no spine on tail filament. Lateral foot margin, caudal foss and caudal horn present.	en	Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak (2008): Taxonomic Re-Evaluation Of Sarika Diadema (Dall, 1897) And S. Asamurai (Panha, 1997), Two Endemic Land Snails From Thailand (Pulmonata: Ariophantidae: Macrochlamydinae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 56 (1): 95-100, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5341400
038F9713FFBC53620B60F4D3B135FC64.taxon	discussion	Remark. – We have information on only seven species placed in Sarika (Table 1) but according to Schileyko (2002) some 10 species have been attributed to Sarika with a distribution ranging from southern China to Burma, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia.	en	Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak (2008): Taxonomic Re-Evaluation Of Sarika Diadema (Dall, 1897) And S. Asamurai (Panha, 1997), Two Endemic Land Snails From Thailand (Pulmonata: Ariophantidae: Macrochlamydinae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 56 (1): 95-100, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5341400
038F9713FFBC536709A3F4B3B545FD15.taxon	description	(Figs. 2 A, B; 3 A – E; 4 A – C)	en	Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak (2008): Taxonomic Re-Evaluation Of Sarika Diadema (Dall, 1897) And S. Asamurai (Panha, 1997), Two Endemic Land Snails From Thailand (Pulmonata: Ariophantidae: Macrochlamydinae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 56 (1): 95-100, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5341400
038F9713FFBC536709A3F4B3B545FD15.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. – Prang, Malay Peninsula: Holotype USNM 150277, Other material examined. – Khao Wang Meng, Patthalung: USNM 420342; Kao Poo-Khao Ya National Park, Patthalung: CUMZ 2582, 3642; Khao Auk-Taru, Pattalung: CUMZ 2579; Botanic Garden, Trang: CUMZ 2580, 2583, 2585, 2587, 3616, 3619, 3620; Khao Chong, Trang: CUMZ 2581, 2588; Tam Sumano, Trang: CUMZ 3538, 3638; Tam Puttha Kodome, Trang: CUMZ 3639; Wat Khao Huy Haeng, Trang: CUMZ 3537; Tam Hong, Khao Nan National Park, Nakhonsrithammarat: CUMZ 3631; Tam Luang, Khao Nan National Park, Nakhonsrithammarat: CUMZ 3632; Tam Lord, Khao Nan National Park, Nakhonsrithammarat: CUMZ 3633; Tam Khun- Klang, Nakhonsrithammarat: CUMZ 3634; Tam Pannara, Nakhonsrithammarat: CUMZ 3536, 3539, 3643; Wat Nasarn, Suratthani: CUMZ 2592. Shell. – Shell depressed conic, thin, translucent, polished, brownish, dextral and perforate (Fig. 2 A). Whorls 6 – 7, increasing regularly, slightly convex, with wide and deep channel at suture. Spire convex; apex acute; embryonic shell smooth; following whorls structured with deep sinuously curved radial channels, which disappear below the periphery; descending whorls slightly elevated from suture, last whorl shouldered; aperture crescentic; lip simple. Columella slightly dilated; parietal callus thin and translucent. Genitalia. – Atrium (at) very short to nearly absent (Fig. 3 A). THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2008 Penis (p): proximally enlarged, cylindrical, with thin penial sheath (ps). Ephiphallic caecum (ec) short, straight and located about half way along the length of the ephiphallic complex. Penial retractor muscle (prm) short, thick and attached at the tip of ephiphallic caecum. Epiphallus (e) long and slender tube, about twice length of penis; flagellum (fl) short. Vas deference (vd) small, relatively short, connected between free oviduct (fo) and distal end of epiphallus. Internal wall of penis nearly smooth; proximally around one-third of chamber with thin longitudinal pilasters (pp); distally with very thin and oblique wrinkled sculpture. Penial verge (pv) small, short conic and smooth (Fig. 3 B). Vagina (v) short and cylindrical. Dart apparatus (da) large, long, cylindrical and located at middle length of vagina. Gametolytic sac (gs) long, cylindrical and slightly swollen distally. Oviduct (ov) with large lobules; prostate gland (pg) runs alongside oviduct. Albumen gland (ag) short and enlarged. Hermaphroditic duct (hd) small and convoluted (Fig. 3 A). Allospermatophores (n = 14) long-needle shaped with three recognizable sections. (1) head filament (hf) rather short, thinning to terminal point (Fig. 3 C). (2) cylindrical sperm sac (ss) containing sperm mass (3) tail filament (tf) long thickwalled tube with small hole in cross section (see also Fig. 3 H). Tail filament proximal to sperm sac with long and short spines. The gametolytic sacs of several individual specimens contained one or more spermatophores; four with one, four with two and one with three spermatophores (Fig. 3 D). Radula and jaw. – Teeth arranged in V-shaped rows with approximately 141 (69 - (16 - 17) - 1 - (15 - 17) - 70) teeth. Central tooth symmetric tricuspid, mesocone large with pointed cusp, ectocones small and located in middle of tooth (Fig. 4 A). Lateral teeth asymmetric tricuspid, mesocone large, approximately half of tooth height with pointed cusp, endocone small and placed near tip of tooth (Fig. 4 B). Marginal teeth start from 15 – 17, elongated and obliquely bicuspid; outermost marginals progressively shorter (Fig. 4 C). Jaw smooth (without vertical ribs), crescentic, anteriorly convex with cutting margin (Fig. 3 E). External features. – Animal with long and narrow foot. Lung cavity visible through translucent shell. Tentacles long and blackish. Skin reticulated with yellowish stripe in middle of the body running from head to caudal foss. Foot lateral margin THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2008 blackish, sole of foot creamy to brownish; foot sole tripartite; caudal foss and caudal horn moderately long and blackish. Mantle collar yellowish or blackish (with yellowish edge); mantle flaps yellowish (Fig. 2 B). Only blackish pigmentation retained in ethanol preserved specimens.	en	Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak (2008): Taxonomic Re-Evaluation Of Sarika Diadema (Dall, 1897) And S. Asamurai (Panha, 1997), Two Endemic Land Snails From Thailand (Pulmonata: Ariophantidae: Macrochlamydinae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 56 (1): 95-100, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5341400
038F9713FFBC536709A3F4B3B545FD15.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – The original locality was given as in the vicinity of Prang, Malay Peninsula (Dall, 1897). However, multiple field surveys in northern Peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Perak, Ipoh and Kelantan) from 1999 to 2002 found no S. diadema (J. B. Burch, pers. comm.). One explanation might be that ‘ Prang’ in the original description was confused with “ Trang ” in southern peninsular Thailand and that S. diadema is restricted to southern Thailand ranging from Nakhonsrithammarat, Trang, Pattalung to the Songkhla Provinces (Fig. 1).	en	Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak (2008): Taxonomic Re-Evaluation Of Sarika Diadema (Dall, 1897) And S. Asamurai (Panha, 1997), Two Endemic Land Snails From Thailand (Pulmonata: Ariophantidae: Macrochlamydinae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 56 (1): 95-100, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5341400
038F9713FFB953660B5DF443B6E4FC95.taxon	description	(Figs. 2 C, D; 3 E – I; 4 D – F)	en	Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak (2008): Taxonomic Re-Evaluation Of Sarika Diadema (Dall, 1897) And S. Asamurai (Panha, 1997), Two Endemic Land Snails From Thailand (Pulmonata: Ariophantidae: Macrochlamydinae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 56 (1): 95-100, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5341400
038F9713FFB953660B5DF443B6E4FC95.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. – Takun Village, Suratthani: Holotype CUMZ 6325; Paratype: CUMZ 6326, 6327; FMNH 285043; USNM 892000 Other material examined. – Klong Saeng, Suratthani: CUMZ 2584, 2589, 2593, 3617; Wat Tam Wararam, Suratthani: CUMZ 2586, 2590, 2591, 2594, 3618, 4640, 3641; Wat Tam Sok Panthurat, Suratthani: CUMZ 3623, 3624, 3625, 3626; Klong Phanom National Park, Suratthani: CUMZ 3644. Shell. – Shell (Fig. 2 C) similar to that of S. diadema but slightly larger; transverse sculpture on the upper periphery more dense; descending whorls slightly elevated from suture without shoulder. Genitalia. – Atrium (at) somewhat short. Penis (p) cylindrical, distally thickened from site of penial verge, proximally enclosed in thin penial sheath (ps). Ephiphallic caecum (ec) short, straight and located about half way along the length of the ephiphallic complex. Penial retractor muscle (prm) short, thick and attached at the tip of ephiphallic caecum. Epiphallus (e) small, and slender tube, about twice length of penis; flagellum (fl) short. Vas deference (vd) a small tube running from the spermoviduct and entering at the epiphallus / flagellum junction. (Fig. 3 F). Internal sculpture of penis similar to that in S. diadema, the most notable difference being a distinctly longer penial pilaster (pp) (about half of penial chamber) in S. asamurai (Fig. 3 G). The female genital tracts are generally similar to those of S. diadema but with the significant difference that the dart apparatus (da) is located proximally on the vagina at the genital atrium and is covered in black pigmentation (Fig. 3 F). Allospermatophores (n = 10); only one short spine present at the sperm sac and the tail filament junction (Fig. 3 H). Five specimens contained spermatophores, each with two in the gametolytic sac. Radula and jaw. – Each row contained about 125 (65 - (17 - 16) - 1 - (15 - 16) - 59) teeth. Central and lateral teeth with triangular tricuspid (Fig. 4 D). Bicuspid marginal teeth from 15 – 17) (Fig. 4 E). Radula teeth morphology very similar to that described for S. diadema; the jaw exhibits significantly less curvature (Figs. 3 I and 4 F). External features. – Head / foot similar in form but markedly different in colour to that of S. diadema. Anterior body black; foot sole reddish and tripartite; mantle collar and thin mantle flaps reddish to dark red. Posterior of body usually entirely reddish or with blackish caudal foss and caudal horn (Fig. 2 D). Only the anterior and / or caudal end black pigmentation is retained in ethanol preserved specimens.	en	Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak (2008): Taxonomic Re-Evaluation Of Sarika Diadema (Dall, 1897) And S. Asamurai (Panha, 1997), Two Endemic Land Snails From Thailand (Pulmonata: Ariophantidae: Macrochlamydinae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 56 (1): 95-100, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5341400
038F9713FFB953660B5DF443B6E4FC95.taxon	distribution	Distribution. – Sarika asamurai has a narrower distribution than S. diadema (Fig. 1). Current records are restricted to the following limestone karst area of Suratthani Province: Klong Phanom and Khao Sok National Parks; Ban Takun village (type locality); Wat Tam Sok Panthurat; Wat Tam Wararam.	en	Sutcharit, Chirasak, Panha, Somsak (2008): Taxonomic Re-Evaluation Of Sarika Diadema (Dall, 1897) And S. Asamurai (Panha, 1997), Two Endemic Land Snails From Thailand (Pulmonata: Ariophantidae: Macrochlamydinae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 56 (1): 95-100, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5341400
