taxonID	type	description	language	source
038FA02EFF9A7A3B4A85BF66510DF21B.taxon	description	Antechiniscus jermani sp. nov. (Rossi & Claps 1989) Terra typica: Argentina (South America) Argentina: • 41 ° 11 ′ S, 71 ° 49 ′ W; 1,800 m asl: Type Locality: Rio Negro Province, Nahuel Huapi National Park, Monte Tronador, lichens on tree. Rossi & Claps (1989) Record numbers: Argentina: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF9A7A3B4A85BF66510DF21B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The genus Antechiniscus is known only from the southern hemisphere and the majority of species were reported from New Zealand (McInnes 1994 a). Antechiniscus jermani is currently endemic to the Argentina.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF9B7A3B4A85B99350EDF00E.taxon	description	Pseudechiniscus lateromamillatus spec. nov. (Ramazzotti 1964 b)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF9B7A3B4A85B99350EDF00E.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The genus Antechiniscus is known only from the southern hemisphere and the majority of its species were reported from New Zealand (McInnes 1994 a). Antechiniscus lateromamillatus is the type species for the genus Antechiniscus and known only from these three localities in Argentina and Chile.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF9B7A3B4A85BBCD55A9F57C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: In 1911 – 12, Murray and Wailes (1913) were travelling with a group surveying the boundary between Bolivia and Peru. The region that included Tambopata Valley was referred to by Murray and Wailes (1913) as Bolivian but shortly after was identified as Peruvian (Peru-Bolivia Boundary Commission 1918). Bryochoerus is a doubtful taxon (Marcus 1936; Kristensen 1987) with an unclear systematic position, and it has been hypothesised that Bryochoerus intermedius is synonymous with Bryodelphax parvulus (see below). Marcus (1936) suggested the identification of Echiniscus (Bryochoerus) intermedius in ‘ Bolivia’ was unsafe. This species has a disjunct distribution and known from several localities in South America, Australia, North America and Pacific Islands (McInnes 1994 a). However, further work is required to verify the presence of this taxon in South America.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF9B7A3B4A85BEDB56DCF486.taxon	description	E. (B) alzirae sp. n. (du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1944) Terra typica: Brazil (South America) Brazil: • 23 ° 51 ′ S, 46 ° 08 ′ W; 0 m asl: Type Locality: São Paulo State, Bartioga, area near the sea, mosses or aquatic plants. du Bois- Reymond Marcus (1944) Record numbers: Brazil: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF9B7A3B4A85BEDB56DCF486.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Species currently endemic to Brazil.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF947A344A85B88056AAF29C.taxon	description	Bryodelphax crossotus Grigarick, Schuster, and Nelson, new species (Grigarick et al. 1983) Terra typica: Venezuela (South America) Venezuela: • 10 ° 25 ′ N, 67 ° 34 ′ W; 1,130 m asl: Type Locality: Region Central, Aragua, Henri Pittier National Park, Rancho Grande, tropical rainforest, mosses, lichens or liverworts on plants or mineral substrates. Grigarick et al. (1983) • 09 ° 51 ′ N, 72 ° 50 ′ W; 700 m asl: Region Zuliana, Zulia, El Tucuco, tropical forest in foothills of Sierra De Perija, bordering a grassland biome, mosses, lichens or liverworts on plants or mineral substrates. Grigarick et al. (1983) Record numbers: Venezuela: 2; total: 2.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF947A344A85B88056AAF29C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Species currently endemic to Venezuela.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF947A344A85BA165091F66B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: With the confusion between Bryodelphax and Bryochoerus (Marcus 1939; Kristensen 1987; see above) and the questionable report of Echiniscus intermedius (= Bryochoerus intermedius) (Murray & Wailes (1913) from Bolivia (now Peru – see above) (Marcus 1939), the presence of B. parvulus in Peru needs to be verified. Moreover, the considerable morphological variation of B. parvulus (e. g. the presence or absence of the spine and papilla on legs, etc.) suggests that this taxon may be a complex of closely related species each with limited geographic range rather than a single cosmopolitan species (see also Pilato et al. 2010). The actual geographic range and the presence of B. parvulus sensu lato in South America must be carefully verified.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF947A344A85BDA95655F592.taxon	description	Terra typica: Italy (Europe) Peru: • 13 ° 25 ′ S, 71 ° 51 ′ W, 3,000 m asl: Cusco Region, Pisac near Cusco, mixed mosses and lichens on rock. Kaczmarek et al. (2014 b) • 13 ° 31 ′ S, 71 ° 59 ′ W, 3,600 m asl: Cusco Region, Sacsayhuamán near Cusco, moss on rock. Kaczmarek et al. (2014 b) Record numbers: Peru: 2; total: 2.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF947A344A85BDA95655F592.taxon	discussion	Remarks: A northern hemisphere species (McInnes 1994 a), also known from Palaearctic Mexico and Nearctic Peru (Kaczmarek et al. 2014 a).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF947A354A85BF6155F9F2A0.taxon	description	Echiniscus aliquantillus Grigarick, Schuster, and Nelson, new species (Grigarick et al. 1983) Terra typica: Venezuela (South America) Ecuador: • 0 ° 22 ′ S, 78 ° 9 ′ W [00 ° 22 ′ S, 78 ° 09 ′ W]; 4,000 m asl: Napo Province, Papallacta Pass, moss (Leptodontium viticulosoides). Pilato et al. (2002) Venezuela: • 08 ° 38 ′ N, 71 ° 22 ′ W; 2,000 m asl [2,300 m asl]: Type Locality: Region Los Andes, Mérida, La Carbonera, subtropical cloud forest in Sierra Nevada range of Andes, mosses, lichens or liverworts on plants or mineral substrates. Grigarick et al. (1983) • 08 ° 36 ′ N, 71 ° 09 ′ W; 1,627 m asl: Region Los Andes, Mérida, Mérida, Sierra Nevada range of Andes, mosses, lichens or liverworts on plants or mineral substrates. Grigarick et al. (1983) Record numbers: Ecuador: 1, Venezuela: 2; total: 3.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF947A354A85BF6155F9F2A0.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The species belongs to the arctomys group, currently endemic to South America (see remarks for E. arctomys below).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF957A354A85BA0A5730F070.taxon	description	Echiniscus angolensis da Cunha & Ribeiro, 1964 Terra typica: Angola (Africa) Venezuela: • 08 ° 36 ′ N, 71 ° 09 ′ W; 1,627 m asl: Region Los Andes, Mérida, Mérida, Sierra Nevada range of Andes, mosses, lichens or liverworts on plants or mineral substrates. Grigarick et al. (1983) Record numbers: Venezuela: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF957A354A85BA0A5730F070.taxon	discussion	Remarks: A species with a rather disjunct distribution (McInnes 1994 a), potentially hiding more than one species, or a rare species with very specific habitat requirements.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF957A354A85BB7A56F4F555.taxon	description	Terra typica: Switzerland (Europe) Argentina: • 41 ° 59 ′ S, 71 ° 34 ′ W; 300 m asl: Rio Negro Province, El Bolsón, Valley of Rio Azul, mosses on tree (Myrceugenia exupca) in the Myrceugenia exupca - Nothofagus dombeyi marsh forest. Iharos (1963) • 41 ° 59 ′ S, 71 ° 31 ′ W; 360 m asl: Rio Negro Province, El Bolsón, foot of Piltriquitron Mt., mosses on wet cliff of promontory, partly on soil and mosses on dry ledge (2 samples). Iharos (1963) • 41 ° 59 ′ S, 71 ° 31 ′ W; 460 m asl: Negro Province, El Bolsón, foot of Piltriquitron Mt., live and decayed mosses on and under stones on cliff. Iharos (1963) Brazil: • 22 ° 58 ′ S, 43 ° 15 ′ W; 450 m asl: Rio de Janeiro State, neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro, Tijuca National Park, mosses and algae. Rahm (1931, 1932) Record numbers: Argentina: 3, Brazil: 1; total: 4.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF957A354A85BB7A56F4F555.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently E. arctomys is considered a species complex nested within a larger group (arctomys group - sensu Ramazzotti & Maucci 1983), defined via a single pair of body cirri but with variable cuticle sculpture and other morphological traits. The loss of body cirri is a potential homoplasy while diverse cuticular sculpture and other traits require a number of evolutionary steps, so it is very likely that the arctomys group (sensu Ramazzotti & Maucci 1983) is polyphyletic, but this has to be verified via integrated morphological and molecular techniques. The nominal species of the complex was originally described from Europe (Ehrenberg 1853), so this South American record requires confirmation.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF957A374A85BE5D554AF5A9.taxon	description	Echiniscus bigranulatus n. sp. (Richters 1908 a) Echiniscus bigranulatus mihi (Richters 1911 a)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF957A374A85BE5D554AF5A9.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This bona fida species belongs to the Neotropical and Antarctic bigranulatus group and, is easily mistaken for other members of the group (see: Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2006 a, 2007), thus all records prior to 2006 require confirmation. There is a single record from China (Yang 2007) but as this genus appears to have a Gondwanan distribution the Chinese specimen (s) should be considered dubious and must be reevaluated.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF977A304A85BF015064F45B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species is believed to be almost cosmopolitan, however, given that the locus typicus is in the Arctic, tropical (including South American) reports should be re-examined.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF907A314A85BF2A55D6F2D9.taxon	description	Echiniscus (E.) bellus n. sp. (Mihelčič, 1967) Terra typica: Canada (North America) Argentina: • 41 ° 12 ′ S, 71 ° 50 ′ W; 1,000 m asl: Rio Negro Province, Tronador (Ventisqueros) [Ventisquero Negro del Cerro Tronador], dry mosses on single, trees in full sun. Mihelčič (1967) • 41 ° 14 ′ S, 71 ° 46 ′ W; 800 m asl [850 m asl]: Rio Negro Province, Pampalinda [Pampa Linda] near Cainquenes [Rio Cauquenes] creek, lichens on sunny and dry trees. Mihelčič (1967) • 41 ° 58 ′ S, 71 ° 31 ′ W; 390 m asl: Rio Negro Province, Bolson [El Bolsón], cypress grove, mosses on dry singles trees exposed to full sun and wind. Mihelčič (1967) Record numbers: Argentina: 3; total: 3.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF907A314A85BF2A55D6F2D9.taxon	discussion	Remarks: With the exception of Mihelčič’s (1967) records for the Argentina the species is known only from the Holarctic (McInnes 1994 a), and therefore the South American reports should be considered dubious and will require verification.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF917A314A85B9D357BAF0F5.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The species belongs to the arctomys group and it is known from only a few localities in Europe and Argentina (McInnes 1994 a) (see also remarks to E. arctomys above).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF917A314A85BBF056A8F664.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The species belongs to the arctomys group and the records by Claps & Rossi (1984) are the only report of this species outside Europe (McInnes 1994 a). Its presence in South America is therefore dubious and should be verified (see remarks to E. arctomys above).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF917A314A85BD415678F498.taxon	description	Echiniscus (Echiniscus) charrua sp. n. (Claps & Rossi 1997) Terra typica: Uruguay (South America) Uruguay: • 30 ° 57 ′ S, 57 ° 31 ′ W; 50 m asl: Type Locality: Salto Department, Termas del Arapey, lichens and mosses on trees. Claps & Rossi (1997) • 31 ° 03 ′ S, 573 ° 8 ′ W; 50 m asl: Salto Department, Arroyo Palomas, lichens and mosses. Claps & Rossi (1997) • 31 ° 23 ′ S, 57 ° 57 ′ W; 50 m asl: Salto Department, Salto, lichens. Claps & Rossi (1997) • 32 ° 31 ′ S, 55 ° 46 ′ W: Undefined locality, Cañada Cousillas, lichens. Claps & Rossi (1997) • 32 ° 54 ′ S, 54 ° 26 ′ W; 250 m asl: Treinta y Tres Department, Quebrada de los Cuervos, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) • 34 ° 10 ′ S, 55 ° 49 ′ W; 50 m asl: Florida Department, Arroyo San Juan, lichens. Claps & Rossi (1997) • 34 ° 25 ′ S, 57 ° 44 ′ W; 50 m asl: Colonia Department, Riachuelo, lichens and mosses. Claps & Rossi (1997) • 34 ° 28 ′ S, 57 ° 50 ′ W; 0 m asl: Colonia Department, Colonia [Colonia del Sacramento], lichens. Claps & Rossi (1997) Record numbers: Uruguay: 8; total: 8.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF917A314A85BD415678F498.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The species is currently endemic to Uruguay. Authors of the E. charrua description included this species in the arctomys group because of the lack of any body cirri apart from cirri A. However, the drawings provided for the description of E. charrua (Claps & Rossi (1997) indicate a cuticular sculpture that suggests that the species could be placed in the narrower Echiniscus bigranulatus group. See remarks to E. arctomys and E. bigranulatus (above).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF927A324A85B8805606F293.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Species with a disjunct distribution, known mainly from Europe with single reports from Asia and South America (McInnes 1994 a). This species is very similar to E. merokensis, and the presence of both in South America needs to be confirmed.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF927A324A85BA1B552FF07C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Species known mainly from Africa with single reports from Asia, Central and South America (McInnes 1994 a, see also comments to E. crassispinosus in Kaczmarek et al. 2014 a). The latter record requires confirmation.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF927A324A85BB765648F66D.taxon	discussion	Remarks: As these two Brazilian records are the only reports of this species outside Africa (McInnes 1994 a) indicate and taking into consideration South American specimens descriptions differ from the original subspecies description (Marcus 1928), they should be probably assigned to a new species (for more comments see Ramazzotti & Maucci 1983).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF927A324A85BD45570FF541.taxon	description	Terra typica: Costa Rica (Central America) Peru: • 13 ° 10 ′ S, 72 ° 33 ′ W, 2,450 m asl: Cusco Region, Machu Picchu, mosses and lichens on rock. Kaczmarek et al. (2014 b) Record numbers: Peru: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF927A324A85BD45570FF541.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Known only from Neotropic (Kaczmarek et al. 2014 a).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF927A324A85BE29505EF4CE.taxon	description	Echiniscus sp. (Murray & Wailes 1913)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF927A324A85BE29505EF4CE.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Murray and Wailes (1913) did not name or specify the locality. Marcus (1936) determined the original descriptions were adequate and described the new taxon. Thus, while the locus typicus and the distribution of this species are unknown, this species is currently endemic to South America.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF927A334A85BFB8570BF2FE.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Species known only from five localities: two in South America, two in high mountains of New Guinea and one in Japan (Iharos 1973, Utsugi 1988, McInnes 1994 a).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF937A334A85B9C85586F052.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Species known from limited tropical and subtropical localities in Africa, Australia, Indonesia and South America (McInnes 1994 a).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF937A334A85BB5B56DCF791.taxon	description	Echiniscus (Echiniscus) evelinae n. sp. (de Barros 1942 a) E. (E.) evelinae Barros, 1942 (du Bois-Reymond Marcus 1944) Terra typica: Brazil (South America) Brazil: • 20 ° 33 ′ S, 48 ° 34 ′ W; 550 m asl: Type Locality: São Paulo State, Barretos, mosses. de Barros (1942 a) • 22 ° 43 ′ S, 45 ° 36 ′ W; 1,900 m asl [1,850 m asl]: São Paulo State, Campos do Jordão, mosses or aquatic plants. du Bois- Reymond Marcus (1944) • 22 ° 45 ′ S, 47 ° 24 ′ W; 550 m asl: São Paulo State, Município de Sta. Bárbara [Município Santa Bárbara d ′ Oeste], mosses or aquatic plants. du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1944) • 25 ° 26 ′ S, 49 ° 16 ′ W; 900 m asl: Paraná State, Curitiba, mosses or aquatic plants. du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1944) Record numbers: Brazil: 4; total: 4.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF937A334A85BB5B56DCF791.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Species currently endemic to Brazil.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF937A334A85BD1955D6F5E9.taxon	description	Echiniscus (E.) insuetus n. sp. (Mihelčič 1967)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF937A334A85BD1955D6F5E9.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The species belongs to the arctomys group and it is currently endemic to Argentina (see also remarks to E. arctomys above).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF937A334A85BEC35794F4BB.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Records based on only one adult and two ‘ larvae’ (Garitano-Zavala 1995), probably of a new species (Garitano-Zavala pers. com.). Requires verification for South America.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8C7A2C4A85B880556CF2D9.taxon	description	Terra typica: Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos Island, Ecuador, Pacific Ocean) Venezuela: • 09 ° 51 ′ N, 72 ° 50 ′ W; 700 m asl: Region Zuliana, Zulia, El Tucuco, tropical forest in foothills of Sierra De Perija, bordering a grassland biome, mosses, lichens or liverworts on plants or mineral substrates. Grigarick et al. (1983) Record numbers: Venezuela: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8C7A2C4A85B880556CF2D9.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The species has a tropical-subtropical New World distribution (McInnes 1994 a, Kaczmarek et al. 2014 a).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8C7A2C4A85B9D15675F045.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This single Chilean record for E. loxophthalmus is the only report outside the locus typicus of Norway, and therefore the presence of this species in South America is dubious (Ramazzotti & Maucci 1983 records this species as spec. inquir.).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8C7A2C4A85BB2D502DF795.taxon	description	Echiniscus madonnae sp. nov. (Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2006) Terra typica: Chile (South America) Chile: • 09 ° 30 ′ S, 77 ° 26 ′ W; 4,000 m asl: Type Locality: Ancash Region, near Huaraz, mosses on rocks (4 samples). Michalczyk & Kaczmarek (2006 a) Colombia: • 11 ° 06 ′ 20.0 ′′ N, 74 ° 03 ′ 56.4 ′′ W; 2,284 m asl: Magdalena Department, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, between La Tagua and Cuchilla de San Lorenzo, sub-Andean forest, lichen on tree (Pine). Lisi et al. (2014) Record numbers: Chile: 1, Colombia: 1; total: 2.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8C7A2C4A85BB2D502DF795.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This bona fida species belongs to a Neotropical and Antarctic bigranulatus group and could easily be mistaken for other group members (Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2006 a, 2007). See also remarks to E. bigranulatus above. This species currently known only from Chile and Colombia.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8C7A2C4A85BD1D552BF542.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The species has a very disjunct distribution with two other reports, Madeira and Costa Rica (Kaczmarek et al. 2014 a).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8C7A2D4A85BE2B5677F3B6.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This arctomys group species is currently known only from two South American countries (see also remarks E. arctomys above).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8D7A2D4A85B93551ECF114.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This arctomys group species is currently endemic to Argentina (see also remarks to E. arctomys above).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8D7A2D4A85BA935551F6D9.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Reports of E. merokensis exhibit a great deal of morphological variation, suggesting a species complex. Moreover, the Holarctic type locale and majority of records (Ramazzotti & Maucci 1983, McInnes 1994 a), suggests this species requires a re-examination of type material and, confirmation of the South American records.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8D7A2D4A85BDD65520F42C.taxon	description	Echiniscus mosaicus Grigarick, Schuster, and Nelson, new species (Grigarick et al. 1983) Terra typica: Venezuela (South America) Venezuela: • 08 ° 38 ′ N, 71 ° 22 ′ W; 2,000 m asl [2,300 m asl]: Type Locality: Region Los Andes, Mérida, La Carbonera, subtropical cloud forest in Sierra Nevada range of Andes, mosses, lichens or liverworts on plants or mineral substrates. Grigarick et al. (1983) • 08 ° 36 ′ N, 71 ° 09 ′ W; 1,627 m asl: Region Los Andes, Mérida, Mérida, Sierra Nevada range of Andes, mosses, lichens or liverworts on plants or mineral substrates. Grigarick et al. (1983) Record numbers: Venezuela: 2; total: 2.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8D7A2D4A85BDD65520F42C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This arctomys group species (see also remarks to E. arctomys above) currently known from Venezuela and USA (Bartels & Nelson 2007, Nelson & Bartels 2007), i. e. a northern Neotropic / southern Nearctic distribution.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8D7A2E4A85BF86569BF27E.taxon	description	Echiniscus murrayi sp. n. (Iharos 1969) Terra typica: Chile (South America) Chile: • 18 ° 11 ′ S, 69 ° 13 ′ W; 4,800 m asl [4,550 m asl]: Type Locality: Region XV Arica y Parinacota, Laguna La Cotacotani, leaf litter. Iharos (1969) Record numbers: Chile: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8D7A2E4A85BF86569BF27E.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The species is currently endemic to Chile.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8E7A2E4A85B9485634F04E.taxon	description	Echiniscus ollantaytamboensis nov. sp. (Nickel et al. 2001) Terra typica: Peru (South America) Peru: • 13 ° 08 ′ 24 ′′ S, 72 ° 10 ′ 12 ′′ W; 2,300 m asl [13 ° 15 ′ S, 72 ° 16 ′ W; 2,850 m asl]: Type Locality: Cusco Region, Ollantaytambo, lichen on stonewall. Nickel et al. (2001) • 13 ° 25 ′ S, 71 ° 51 ′ W, 3,000 m asl: Cusco Region, Pisac near Cusco, mixed mosses and lichens on rock. Kaczmarek et al. (2014 b) • 15 ° 50 ′ S, 70 ° 01 ′ W; 2,600 m asl [3,850 m asl]: Puno Region, Puno, lichen. Michalczyk & Kaczmarek (2006 a) Record numbers: Peru: 3; total: 3.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8E7A2E4A85B9485634F04E.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The species belongs to a Neotropical and Antarctic bigranulatus group and can easily be mistaken for other members of the group (Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2006 a, 2007). It is currently endemic to Peru. See also remarks to E. bigranulatus above.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8E7A2E4A85BB3856C6F761.taxon	description	Terra typica: South Africa (Africa) Venezuela: • 09 ° 41 ′ N, 69 ° 35 ′ W; 1,500 m asl: Region Centro Occidental, Lara, Yacambu National Park, subtropical rainforest, mosses, lichens or liverworts on plants or mineral substrates. Grigarick et al. (1983) Record numbers: Venezuela: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8E7A2E4A85BB3856C6F761.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Species known from limited tropical and subtropical localities in Africa, Indonesia Hawaii Islands, North and South America (McInnes 1994 a).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8E7A2E4A85BC495692F672.taxon	description	Echiniscus peruvianus n. sp. (Binda & Pilato 1994) Terra typica: Peru (South America) Peru: • 13 ° 31 ′ S, 71 ° 58 ′ W; 3,350 m asl: Type Locality: Region Cusco, near Cusco, mosses. Binda & Pilato (1994) Record numbers: Peru: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8E7A2E4A85BC495692F672.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The species is currently endemic to Peru.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8E7A2E4A85BD7B5580F5E0.taxon	description	E. (E) phocae sp. n. (du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1944) Terra typica: Brazil (South America) Brazil: • 22 ° 43 ′ S, 45 ° 36 ′ W; 1,900 m asl [1,850 m asl]: Type Locality: São Paulo State, Campos do Jordão, mosses or aquatic plants. du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1944) Record numbers: Brazil: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8E7A2E4A85BD7B5580F5E0.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This arctomys group species (see also remarks E. arctomys above) is known only from South America (type locality), a few European localities (McInnes 1994 a) and from USA (Ramazzotti 1956); suggesting a probable species complex.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8E7A2F4A85BECA56D5F253.taxon	discussion	Remarks: There is considerable morphological variation in the global records of E. quadrispinosus, which suggests a species complex. Also, the type locality and majority of the records are Holarctic (Ramazzotti & Maucci 1983, McInnes 1994 a), suggesting this taxon requires re-description of type material and that the South American record should be verified.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8F7A2F4A85B95B55D7F056.taxon	description	Echiniscus quitensis sp. n. (Pilato 2007) Terra typica: Ecuador (South America) Ecuador: • 00 ° 22 ′ N, 78 ° 08 ′ W; 2,200 m asl: Imbabura Province, Ibarra. Pilato (2007) • 00 ° 13 ′ S, 78 ° 31 ′ W; 2,900 m asl: Type Locality: Pichincha Province, Quito. Pilato (2007) • 00 ° 20 ′ S, 78 ° 12 ′ W; 4,100 m asl: Napo Province, Papallacta, Paso de la Virgen. Pilato (2007) Record numbers: Ecuador: 3; total: 3.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8F7A2F4A85B95B55D7F056.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Endemic species known only from Ecuador. Pilato (2007) described E. quitensis from an unreported group of slides in the Maucci collection labelled, “ E. rufoviridis ”. E. quitensis belongs to the viridis group and could easily be misidentified with other members of the group (Pilato et al. 2007). Moreover, there are three other species from the viridis group (E. rufoviridis and E. viridis and E. viridissimus) also known from South America, so we suggest that specimens from this group should be examined very carefully (see also comments to E. viridis below).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8F7A2F4A85BB505634F7C4.taxon	description	Echiniscus (Echiniscus) ranzii spec nov. (Ramazzotti 1964 a) Terra typica: Chile (South America) Chile: • 22 ° 30 ′ S, 67 ° 54 ′ W; 4,600 m asl: Type Locality: Region II Antofagasta, Cerro Pajonal, near Bolivian border, lichen on rocks. Ramazzotti (1964 a) Record numbers: Chile: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8F7A2F4A85BB505634F7C4.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The species belongs to a Neotropical and Antarctic bigranulatus group and could easily be mistaken for other members of the group (Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2006 a, 2007). It is currently endemic to Chile. See also remarks to E. bigranulatus above.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8F7A2F4A85BCAE5654F4DB.taxon	description	E. (E) rufoviridis sp. n. (du Bois-Reymond Marcus 1944) Terra typica: Brazil (South America) Argentina: • 32 ° 29 ′ S, 61 ° 35 ′ W; 100 m asl: Santa Fe Province, Las Rosas, mosses and lichens on trees. Peluffo et al. (2002) • 34 ° 56 ′ S, 57 ° 57 ′ W; 0 m asl: Buenos Aires Province, La Plata, mosses and lichens on trees. Peluffo et al. (2002) • 35 ° 40 ′ S, 63 ° 44 ′ W; 150 m asl: La Pampa Province, General Pico, mosses and lichens on trees. Peluffo et al. (2002) • 35 ° 58 ′ S, 62 ° 42 ′ W; 100 m asl: Buenos Aires Province, Trenque Lauquen, mosses and lichens on trees. Peluffo et al. (2002) • 36 ° 37 ′ S, 64 ° 17 ′ W; 200 m asl: La Pampa Province, Santa Rosa de Toay, mosses and lichens on trees. Peluffo et al. (2002) • 36 ° 39 ′ S, 64 ° 17 ′ W; 200 m asl: La Pampa Province, Santa Rosa [Santa Rosa de Toay], mosses and lichens on trees (Robinia pseudoacacia, few species of Fraxinus or Prosopis caldenia). Peluffo et al. (2007) Brazil: • 22 ° 44 ′ S, 45 ° 35 ′ W; 1,650 m asl: Type Locality: São Paulo State, Campos do Jordão, mosses or aquatic plants. du Bois- Reymond Marcus (1944) • 23 ° 33 ′ S, 46 ° 38 ′ W; 750 m asl: Type Locality: São Paulo State, São Paulo, different streets, mosses on trees. du Bois- Reymond Marcus (1944) Record numbers: Argentina: 6, Brazil: 2; total: 8.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8F7A2F4A85BCAE5654F4DB.taxon	discussion	Remarks: E. rufoviridis belongs to the viridis group and could easily be misidentified with other group members (Pilato et al. 2007). Moreover, three other species of the viridis group (E. quitensis and E. viridis and E. viridissimus) are also known from South America, so we suggest that specimens from this group should be examined very carefully (see also comments to E. viridis below). The species is currently known only from two South American countries.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF887A284A85B8805691F1BD.taxon	description	Echiniscus (E.) speciosus n. sp. (Mihelčič 1967) Echiniscus (E.) roseus n. sp. (Mihelčič 1967)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF887A284A85B8805691F1BD.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This arctomys group species is currently endemic to Argentina. No type location was given for this species and Ramazzotti & Maucci (1983) synonymised Echiniscus roseus (described at the same time (Mihelčič 1967 )) as despite meticulous descriptions of the cuticle sculpture, it was deemed insufficient to distinguish the two species (see remarks to E. arctomys above).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF887A284A85BB3556F8F653.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species known from numerous European localities (terra typica) and single sites in Asia, Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand, North and South America (McInnes 1994 a). Such a wide geographic distribution suggests a species complex.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF887A284A85BD5B5682F5FC.taxon	description	E. (E) tenuis (Marcus, 1928) (du Bois-Reymond Marcus 1944) Terra typica: Lombok (Indonesia) Brazil: • 22 ° 44 ′ S, 45 ° 35 ′ W; 1,650 m asl: São Paulo State, Campos do Jordão, mosses or aquatic plants. du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1944) Record numbers: Brazil: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF887A284A85BD5B5682F5FC.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The only known Echiniscus species with smooth, unsculptured dorsal plates. The presence of cirri A and no other dorsal appendages would place this species in the arctomys group. However, the lack of spine fringe and spurs on leg VI suggest this probably belongs to a different genus and requires further investigation. Currently known only from Indonesia and Brazil.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF887A294A85BEF6504CF79D.taxon	description	Echiniscus spec. (Heinis 1914)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF887A294A85BEF6504CF79D.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Specimens from Columbia were cited by Heinis (1914) as Echiniscus spec. and later attributed by Marcus (1936) to E. testudo. A very wide geographic range (McInnes 1994 a, Jørgensen et al. 2007), suggests a species complex and, therefore, all South American records should be verified.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF897A294A85BD155738F5CB.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This blumi-canadensis group species is known from numerous Holarctic localities (McInnes 1994 a). These three South American records by Claps & Rossi (1981) are atypical and, therefore, we think the identification could be dubious and require confirmation.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF897A2A4A85BEA3556CF126.taxon	description	Terra typica: Virginia (USA, North America) Colombia: • 11 ° 06 ′ 20.0 ′′ N, 74 ° 03 ′ 56.4 ′′ W; 2,284 m asl: Magdalena Department, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, between La Tagua and Cuchilla de San Lorenzo, sub-Andean forest, lichen on tree (Pine). Lisi et al. (2014) Venezuela: • 10 ° 25 ′ N, 67 ° 34 ′ W; 1,130 m asl: Region Central, Aragua, Henri Pittier National Park, Rancho Grande, tropical rainforest, mosses, lichens or liverworts on plants or mineral substrates. Grigarick et al. (1983) • 10 ° 20 ′ N, 67 ° 21 ′ W; 1,500 m asl: Undefined locality in Region Central, Aragua, Bayo Seco, mosses or lichens. Séméria (1993) • 09 ° 51 ′ N, 72 ° 50 ′ W; 700 m asl: Region Zuliana, Zulia, El Tucuco, tropical forest in foothills of Sierra De Perija, bordering a grassland biome, mosses, lichens or liverworts on plants or mineral substrates. Grigarick et al. (1983) • 09 ° 41 ′ N, 69 ° 35 ′ W; 1,500 m asl: Region Centro Occidental, Lara, Yacambu National Park, subtropical rainforest, mosses, lichens or liverworts on plants or mineral substrates. Grigarick et al. (1983) • 08 ° 38 ′ N, 71 ° 22 ′ W; 2,000 m asl [2,300 m asl]: Region Los Andes, Mérida, La Carbonera, subtropical cloud forest in Sierra Nevada range of Andes, mosses, lichens or liverworts on plants or mineral substrates. Grigarick et al. (1983) • 08 ° 38 ′ N, 70 ° 13 ′ W; 200 m asl: Region Los Andes, Barinas, Barrancas, foothills of Sierra De Santo Domingo range and edge of Llanos Planes, mosses, lichens or liverworts on plants or mineral substrates. Grigarick et al. (1983) • 08 ° 37 ′ N, 71 ° 04 ′ W; 1,800 m asl: Region Los Andes, Mérida, La Mucuy, Sierra De Santo Domingo range of Andes, mosses, lichens or liverworts on plants or mineral substrates. Grigarick et al. (1983) • 08 ° 36 ′ N, 71 ° 09 ′ W; 1,627 m asl: Region Los Andes, Mérida, Mérida, Sierra Nevada range of Andes, mosses, lichens or liverworts on plants or mineral substrates. Grigarick et al. (1983) Record numbers: Colombia: 1, Venezuela: 8; total: 9.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF897A2A4A85BEA3556CF126.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species has a Nearctic to northern Neotropic distribution (McInnes 1994 a, Kaczmarek et al. 2014 a).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8A7A2A4A85BA8056DFF7BD.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This is the nominal species for the viridis group that was recently re-described (Pilato et al. 2007). Given the limited morphological diversity within the group, the species could easily be misidentified with other members of the complex (Pilato et al. 2007). We suggest that the South American records are reexamined using modern taxonomic criteria.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8A7A2A4A85BD3557D3F56C.taxon	description	Terra typica: Romania (Europe) Venezuela: • 10 ° 25 ′ N, 67 ° 34 ′ W; 1,130 m asl: Region Central, Aragua, Henri Pittier National Park, Rancho Grande, tropical rainforest, mosses, lichens or liverworts on plants or mineral substrates. Grigarick et al. (1983) Record numbers: Venezuela: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8A7A2A4A85BD3557D3F56C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This viridis group species could be mistaken for other group members (Pilato et al. 2007), we suggest a re-examination of all material using updated taxonomic methods.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8A7A2B4A85BE465079F281.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This arctomys group species is largely Holarctic (McInnes 1994 a), the Neotropical records should be reexamined to confirm the species (see also remarks for E. arctomys above).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8B7A2B4A85BA4E56A4F0F1.taxon	description	Oreella breviclava Grigarick, Schuster, and Nelson, new species (Grigarick et al. 1983) Terra typica: Shetland Islands, Scotland (Europe) Venezuela: • 08 ° 38 ′ N, 71 ° 22 ′ W; 2,000 m asl [2,300 m asl]: Region Los Andes, Mérida, La Carbonera, subtropical cloud forest in Sierra Nevada range of Andes, mosses, lichens or liverworts on plants or mineral substrates. Grigarick et al. (1983) Record numbers: Venezuela: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8B7A2B4A85BA4E56A4F0F1.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The original taxon diagnosis (Oreella) for this specimen was, after re-examination, changed by Dastych et al. (1998). This has left Hypechiniscus exarmatus with a disjunct distribution (McInnes 1994 a). This may represent specific habitat requirements or a need to review specimens using modern taxonomy and the South American record may belong to a new species.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF8B7A244A85BC595091F178.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This genus and the species M. granulosus has been re-described by Dastych (2000, 2001). Mopsechiniscus granulosus is known from many localities in Argentina and Chile (for more details see Dastych (2000, 2001 )). Dastych (1999 a, b, 2000) intimated that there was a possibility of two new species (from Brazil and Chile respectively), but insufficient data prevented taxonomic identification.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF847A244A85BA7256F4F094.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Venezuela.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF847A244A85BC63513DF6FE.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The two South American records are the only reports of this species outside the Asian type locality. We suggest the examples from South America should be re-examined as they may belong to a new species.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF847A244A85BDC857A9F5F0.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Known only from Africa and South America (McInnes 1994 a).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF847A254A85BEFA5622F17E.taxon	discussion	Remarks: A widespread taxon (McInnes 1994 a), which belongs to the suillus species complex. As the type locality for this species is Greenland and the suillus group all very similar, a re- examination of these records is required (see remarks to P. suillus).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF857A254A85BA485644F7CD.taxon	description	Pseudechiniscus juanitae n. sp. (de Barros, 1939 a) Pseudechiniscus suillus franciscae n. var. (de Barros, 1942) Terra typica: Brazil (South America) Brazil: • 22 ° 43 ′ S, 45 ° 34 ′ W; 1,600 m asl: Type Locality: São Paulo State, Campos do Jordão, Capivari. de Barros (1939 a) • 22 ° 44 ′ S, 45 ° 35 ′ W; 1,650 m asl: São Paulo State, Campos do Jordão, mosses on wood. du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1944) • 22 ° 45 ′ S, 47 ° 24 ′ W; 550 m asl: São Paulo State, Município de Sta. Bárbara [Município Santa Bárbara d ′ Oeste], mosses on wood. du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1944) • 23 ° 33 ′ S, 46 ° 38 ′ W; 750 m asl: São Paulo State, São Paulo, mosses on wood. du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1944) • 23 ° 58 ′ S, 46 ° 23 ′ W; 0 m asl: São Paulo State, São Vicente, mosses. de Barros (1942 a) Record numbers: Brazil: 5; total: 5.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF857A254A85BA485644F7CD.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This suillus group species, according to Pilato & Lisi (2006), has a Neotropic distribution that requires a revision. The original description (de Barros 1939 a) is now dated and all type material lost. Pilato & Lisi (2006) provided a description based on Mexican specimens but it would need new samples from the type locale to verify the relationship. This species has been reported from Europe and Central America (McInnes 1994 a, Kaczmarek et al. 2014 a).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF857A264A85BCA55773F1E8.taxon	description	Echiniscus novae-zeelandiae mihi (Richters 1911 a) Echiniscus novae-zeelandiae Richters. (Heinis 1914)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF857A264A85BCA55773F1E8.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Pseudechiniscus novaezeelandiae sensu lato appears widely distributed (McInnes 1994 a), which suggests a species complex requiring further study.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF867A264A85BAC2562EF77D.taxon	description	Pseudechiniscus novaezeelandiae f. aspinosa f. n. (Iharos, 1963) Terra typica: Argentina (South America) Argentina: • 40 ° 50 ′ S, 71 ° 38 ′ W; 900 m asl: Neuquén Province, Peninsula de Quetrihue, semi-wet, mosses on rocks on the sunny slope. Claps & Rossi (1981) • 41 ° 59 ′ S, 71 ° 31 ′ W; 350 – 400 m asl: Type Locality: Rio Negro Province, El Bolsón, foot of Piltriquitron Mt., mosses on rocks in shaded Libocedrus chilensis - Lomatia obliqua forest. Iharos (1963) Record numbers: Argentina: 2; total: 2.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF867A264A85BAC2562EF77D.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This sub-species has a limited Neotropic distribution (McInnes 1994 a), but its taxonomic status should be confirmed via modern taxonomy.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF867A264A85BC75562EF68E.taxon	description	Pseudechiniscus novaezeelandiae f. laterospinosa f. n. (Iharos, 1963) Terra typica: Argentina (South America) Argentina: • 40 ° 50 ′ S, 71 ° 38 ′ W; 900 m asl: Neuquén Province, Peninsula de Quetrihue, semi-wet, mosses on rocks on the sunny slope. Claps & Rossi (1981) • 41 ° 59 ′ S, 71 ° 31 ′ W; 350 – 400 m asl: Type Locality: Rio Negro Province, El Bolsón, foot of Piltriquitron Mt., mosses on rocks in shaded Libocedrus chilensis - Lomatia obliqua forest. Iharos (1963) Record numbers: Argentina: 2; total: 2.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF867A264A85BC75562EF68E.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The sub-species has a limited Neotropic distribution (McInnes 1994 a), but its taxonomic status should be confirmed via modern taxonomy.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF867A274A85BDF8509BF39B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This subspecies is known from several localities in Europe, North and South America; a wide geographic range suggesting the status of this taxon should be confirmed via modern methods.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF877A274A85B913507FF16B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This sub-species with a rather disjunct distribution, of single localities in Europe, Asia and South America (McInnes 1994 a), suggests that this taxon should be re-examined.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF877A274A85BA43577EF018.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Species known from few localities in Europe and North America (McInnes 1994 a), a wide and disjunct distribution which could suggest a species complex.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF877A274A85BB68556CF7EE.taxon	description	Pseudechiniscus spinerectus n. sp. (Pilato et al. 2001) Terra typica: Ecuador (South America) Ecuador: • 00 ° 22 ′ S, 78 ° 09 ′ W; 4000 m asl: Type Locality: Napo Province, Papallacta Pass, moss (Leptodontium viticulosoides). Pilato et al. (2001) Record numbers: Ecuador: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF877A274A85BB68556CF7EE.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Probably a Neotropical species, to date known only from Costa Rica and Ecuador (Kaczmarek et al. 2014 a).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF877A204A85BCDD56B8F61D.taxon	description	Echiniscus suillus Ehrenbg (Richters 1911 a)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF877A204A85BCDD56B8F61D.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Pseudechiniscus. suillus is considered a complex of similar species (Fontoura & Morais 2011) and, originally described from Europe (Ehrenberg, 1853), now requires a re-description. Very similar species (e. g. P. facettalis or P. juanitae) are also known from the South America and the presence of P. suillus sensu stricto is thus questionable and should be confirmed.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF807A204A85BDE05796F455.taxon	discussion	Remarks: It is not possible to say whether these Brazilian specimens are Testechiniscus macronyx (as re-described, McInnes 1994 b), but description and drawings (de Barros 1942 a) suggest this probably belong to either a different Testechiniscus species or even the Echiniscus arctomys group.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF807A214A85BF5D5061F278.taxon	discussion	Remarks: With the exception of the Argentine records, this species has a Holarctic distribution (McInnes 1994 a); so we suggest that the records from South America should be re-examined.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF817A214A85BE4A56D4F419.taxon	description	Milnesium brachyungue n. sp. (Binda & Pilato 1990) Terra typica: Chile (South America) Chile: • 53 ° 08 ′ S, 70 ° 54 ′ W; 0 m asl: Type Locality: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), near Punta Arenas, lichens. Binda & Pilato (1990) Record numbers: Chile: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF817A214A85BE4A56D4F419.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Species currently endemic to Chile.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF817A214A85B9E55076F745.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Distribution of this species is limited to the southern hemisphere. There has been much confusion regarding the genus Oreella (e. g. incorrect locus typicus, morphological and taxonomical confusion, data of description, lost material, etc.). For more details see Dastych et al. (1998).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF817A214A85BC2D5763F615.taxon	discussion	Remarks: According to Dastych et al. (1998) this species is a nomen dubium. Degma et al. (2014) suggest that it is species inquirenda - Oreella bonnensis Rahm, 1932.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF817A224A85BF96559AF153.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Species reported from Greenland (locus typicus), Arkansas, Alaska, Mongolia (Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2006 a, Land et al. 2012, Johansson et al. 2013), and the southern tip of South America. Most of the localities have cold climate which may suggest specific habitat preferences, but the highly disjunct distribution could support the South American specimens belonging to a new species (see Michalczyk et al. 2012 a, b for more details).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF827A224A85BA515658F0E4.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Species reported from Chile (locus typicus) Colombia, Italy, Romania and USA (Ciobanu et al. 2014; Bartels et al. 2014), such a disjunct distribution suggests a species complex or species crypsis (see Michalczyk et al. 2012 a, b for more details).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF827A224A85BBCE57BEF65E.taxon	description	Terra typica: Costa Rica (Central America) Colombia: • 11 ° 06 ′ 20.0 ′′ N, 74 ° 03 ′ 56.4 ′′ W; 2,284 m asl: Magdalena Department, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, between La Tagua and Cuchilla de San Lorenzo, sub-Andean forest, liverworts (Lejeuneaceae sp., Plagiochila sp. and Jungermannia sp.) from tree (Pine). Lisi et al. (2014) Peru: • 13 ° 10 ′ S, 72 ° 33 ′ W; 2,450 m asl: Cusco Region, Machu Picchu, moss on rock. Kaczmarek et al. (2014 b) Record numbers: Colombia: 1, Peru: 1; total: 2.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF827A224A85BBCE57BEF65E.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Species known only from Neotropic (Kaczmarek et al 2014 a).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF827A1E4A85BD285730F1C6.taxon	description	Milnesium tardigradum Doyère (Richters 1911 a)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFF827A1E4A85BD285730F1C6.taxon	discussion	Remarks: For over 150 years Milnesium was considered to be a monotypic, highly cosmopolitan genus. However, current research recognises over twenty congeners and suggests that Milnesium tardigradum sensu stricto is limited to the Palaearctic (see: Michalczyk et al. 2012 a, b). All South American reports for M. tardigradum predate the re-description of M. tardigradum sensu stricto (Michalczyk et al. 2012 a, b) and therefore these records should be considered dubious and require re-examination using modern taxonomy. Currently there is no evidence that M. tardigradum s. s. occurs in South America, and the above list probably represents a number of different Milnesium species (Michalczyk et al. 2012 a, b).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFBE7A1E4A85BD40512FF53D.taxon	description	Calohypsibius maliki sp. nov. (Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2005) Terra typica: Chile (South America) Chile: • 51 ° 27 ′ S, 73 ° 10 ′ W; 50 m asl: Type Locality: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena) (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Bernardo O ′ Higgins National Park, 4 h by boat from Puerto Natales, Nothofagus betuloides forest, moss on tree. Michalczyk & Kaczmarek (2005) Record numbers: Chile 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFBE7A1E4A85BD40512FF53D.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Probably a Neotropical species, known only from Costa Rica and Chile (Kaczmarek et al. 2014 a).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFBE7A1E4A85BAA0555AF715.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Subspecies reported from single localities in Chile and Brazil. If the three dorsal spines that define this taxon are not an artefact (i. e. cuticular folds observed in some Milnesium species), the subspecies should be elevated to a species level, however this requires a redescription based on type material (Michalczyk et al. 2012 ab).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFBE7A1F4A85BEB551F4F2B0.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species often occurs rarely and in small numbers and has been reported with extremely high levels of intra-specific variation and a wide geographic range (i. e. numerous mainly Holarctic localities with single localities in other zoogeographical regions, Ramazzotti & Maucci 1983, McInnes 1994 a). However, these properties are also symptomatic of a species complex, so we suggest this species requires integrative taxonomy (molecular and morphology) to establish the species sensu stricto and validity of South American examples.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFBF7A1F4A85BA3A57C8F0A4.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species has a disjunct distribution, with numerous Europe records and single localities in Asia and South America (McInnes 1994 a). As with C. ornatus (see above), further studies are required to elucidate the taxonomic status of this species and its presence in South America.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFBF7A184A85BCAB5064F214.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The alpinum group is a complex of very similar species, which are difficult to identify (Pilato & Binda 1998). The nominal species is considered rare and probably Palaearctic (Pilato & Binda 1998). The South American reports probably represent a new, but as yet non-verified species.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB87A184A85B99E55E9F636.taxon	description	Diphascon chilenense n. sp. (Plate 1888)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB87A184A85B99E55E9F636.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This member of the alpinum - species group was recently re-described (Pilato & Binda 1998) from material collected on Robinson Crusoe Island but Dastych (2002) has questioned this redescription (as incompatible with the Code of Zoological Nomenclature) and the problem with this taxon is still unresolved. This group is taxonomically difficult to resolve so the presence of this species throughout South America, should be verified.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB87A194A85BDB0558AF253.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Species belong to the nobilei group in which few new species were described from Europe in recent years (Pilato & Bertolani 2005, Pilato et al. 2005). This species has a mainly European distribution with single reports from New Zealand, North and South America (McInnes 1994 a). Non-European records should be carefully re-examined, using integrative (molecular and morphology) taxonomy, as these could represent a complex of cryptic species.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB97A194A85B95B5649F1DE.taxon	description	Diphascon (Diphascon) mitrense sp. n. (Pilato et al. 1999) Terra typica: Argentina (South America) Argentina: • 54 ° 47 ′ S, 68 ° 16 ′ W; 100 m asl: Type Locality: Tierra del Fuego Province, Peninsula Mitre, Estancia Rio Pipo, mosses from Nothofagus forest. Pilato et al. (1999) Record numbers: Argentina: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB97A194A85B95B5649F1DE.taxon	discussion	Remarks: A member of the pingue - species group, which can be difficult to identify (Pilato & Binda 1998, 1999, see Fontoura & Pilato (2007) for a diagnostic key). Currently, this species is endemic to Argentina. See also remarks to D. (D.) pingue below.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB97A194A85BAA857AAF0AE.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Originally described from Antarctica this species has a highly disjunct distribution including Arctic Canada, Russia and Europe (McInnes 1994 a, Van Rompu et al. 2000).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB97A1A4A85BC185520F39B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The pingue group is a complex of similar species (Pilato & Binda 1998, 1999, see Fontoura & Pilato (2007) for diagnostic key). Diphascon pingue sensu lato was believed to be cosmopolitan (McInnes 1994 a), but the recent group revision suggests the nominal species has probably Holarctic distribution (Pilato & Binda 1998, 1999), so the presence Diphascon pingue sensu stricto in South America is questionable and requires verification.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFBA7A1A4A85B91350C7F108.taxon	discussion	Remarks: A member of the alpinum species group with a type locality on Svalbard, the disjunct distribution of this species includes Arctic, Europe and North America (McInnes 1994 a). The Argentinean record pre-dates the modern taxonomic revision (Pilato & Binda 1998), and therefore requires re-examination.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFBA7A1A4A85BA6250F7F77C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This largely Palaearctic member of the alpinum – species group (McInnes 1994 a) may, in Argentina, represent a new species or belong to one of the other reported South America species (D. (D.) alpinum, D. (D.) chilenense and D. (D.) stappersi). This South American record requires confirmation.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFBA7A1A4A85BCF151EBF4CA.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Belonging to the convergens - species complex (Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2009 a), which has an apparent global distribution (McInnes 1994 a), this species complex requires careful examination as members of this group can only be determined via subtle taxonomic details of claws morphology and other morphometric characters (e. g. Miller et al. 2005, Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2009 a). Hypsibius allisoni has disjunct Gondwanan distribution, known from New Zealand, Antarctica and South America (McInnes 1994 a).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFBA7A1B4A85BFA657F6F17E.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Originally described from Franz Josef Land (Murray 1907 a) the original description is not sufficient to distinguish this species from a possible species complex (see Dastych 1991). Without re-description of type material the current distribution of this species is questionable.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFBB7A144A85BA7A563BF796.taxon	description	Hypsibius (Hypsibius) convergens (Urbanovicz, 1866) (de Barros 1943)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFBB7A144A85BA7A563BF796.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Hypsibius convergens sensu lato is a species complex (Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2009 a) with an apparent global distribution (McInnes 1994 a). The taxa within this complex require careful examination, and can only be determined via subtle details of claws and other morphometric characters (e. g. Miller et al. 2005, Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2009 a).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB47A154A85BD105103F090.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Hypsibius dujardini sensu lato is a species complex (Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2009 a) with an apparent global distribution (McInnes 1994 a). The taxa within this complex can only be verified by details of claws morphology and other morphometric characters (e. g. Miller et al. 2005, Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2009 a).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB57A154A85BC11517FF621.taxon	description	Macrobiotus Fuhrmanni nov. spec. (Heinis 1914) Terra typica: Colombia (South America) Colombia: • 06 ° 16 ′ N, 75 ° 31 ′ W; 2,550 m asl: Type Locality: Antioquia Department, laguna above Medellín, hepatic (Plagiochila ovifolia Steph.) on dry leaves. Heinis (1914) Record numbers: Colombia: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB57A154A85BC11517FF621.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The original description (Heinis, 1914) was not sufficient to enable Marcus (1936) to attribute the species positively to the genus Hypsibius and the correct taxonomic position of this species is unclear (potentially Isohypsibius or Macrobiotus - Ramazzotti & Maucci 1983). With the exception of the original report (Heinis, 1914) this taxon has not been re-discovered and is currently endemic to Colombia.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB57A154A85BD80556EF5F6.taxon	description	Hypsibius marcelli n. sp. (Pilato 1990) Terra typica: Argentina (South America) Argentina: • 52 ° 54 ′ S, 68 ° 27 ′ W; 0 m asl: Type Locality: Tierra del Fuego Province, Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, near Estancia Cullen. Pilato (1990) Record numbers: Argentina: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB57A154A85BD80556EF5F6.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Species has a disjunct Gondwanan distribution; also reported from New Zealand (Pilato & Binda 1997 b).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB57A164A85BEF2558AF065.taxon	discussion	Remarks: A possible species complex which can be confused with H. pallidus and the Hypsibius convergens - dujardini complexes (Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2009 a). The distribution of Hypsibius microps sensu lato is largely Holarctic (McInnes 1994 a) but specimens of this group should be examined extremely carefully as they may represent new species.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB67A164A85BB4D50C0F735.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Hypsibius (H.) iharosi, from Argentina, is a synonym of H. montanus (see: Degma et al. 2014), known only from a single locality in Europe. This South American record requires confirmation.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB67A164A85BCBD57D6F4DE.taxon	description	Hypsibius (Hypsibius) pallidus (Ramazzotti 1964 b)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB67A164A85BCBD57D6F4DE.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Hypsibius pallidus sensu lato is a possible species complex that can be confused with H. microps and species belonging to the Hypsibius convergens - dujardini complexes and therefore requires careful examination. Recent work on these taxa species groups has recognised claw details and additional morphometric characters (e. g. Miller et al. 2005, Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2009 a). Originally described from Sweden, Hypsibius pallidus is a common European species (but it is also known from non-European localities) (McInnes 1994 a). We suggest this example should be re-examined as potentially representing a new species, questioning the presence of Hypsibius pallidus in South America.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB77A174A85BB4257CDF79C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This record (Garitano-Zavala 1995), based on two individuals appears anomalous alongside the taxa from northern Europe and Russia, therefore should be re-examined.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB77A174A85BCE9554AF553.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This Argentine record is the first outside the Maritime Antarctic, where the species was originally described.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB77A174A85BE5E561CF493.taxon	description	Diphascon (Adropion) onorei n. sp. (Pilato et al. 2002)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB77A174A85BE5E561CF493.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Ecuador.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB77A174A85B880514DF2D4.taxon	description	Makrobiotus paraguayensis n. sp. (Richters 1909) Terra typica: Paraguay (South America) Paraguay: • 25 ° 16 ′ S, 57 ° 19 ′ W; 100 m asl: Type Locality: Cordillera Department, San Bernardino, from the creek. Richters (1909). Record numbers: Paraguay: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB77A174A85B880514DF2D4.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Marcus (1936) records this as species dubia which has since been removed from current taxonomic lists. The type material is unknown and the original description insufficient to ascribe new specimens.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB77A174A85B9DE56EBF1E8.taxon	description	Hypsibius septulatus n. sp. (Pilato et al. 2004) Terra typica: Peru (South America) Peru: • 16 ° 16 ′ S, 69 ° 18 ′ W; 3,900 m asl: Type Locality: Puno Region, Pomata, moss (Dydymodon fallax). Pilato et al. (2004) Record numbers: Peru: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB77A174A85B9DE56EBF1E8.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Species currently endemic to Peru.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB07A104A85B88057FAF2F6.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species known from other, mainly Holarctic, localities and single sites in other zoogeographical regions (McInnes 1994 a), suggests a possible species complex.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB07A114A85B9F05599F0E8.taxon	description	Diphascon scoticum Murray? (Richters 1908 a)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB07A114A85B9F05599F0E8.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Diphascon (Adropion) scoticum sensu lato is a cosmopolitan complex of very similar species, which can only be determined by careful integrated taxonomy (morphology and molecular techniques). A redescription of D. (D.) scoticum sensu stricto type material is required before the South American reports of this species can be confirmed.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB17A114A85BC285700F6B9.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This rare species, with a largely Palaearctic distribution (McInnes 1994 a), can be confused with A. trinacariae (see Dastych 1988; Ramazzotti & Maucci 1983).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB17A114A85BE3156ABF409.taxon	discussion	Remarks: A, disjunct Holarctic (McInnes 1994 a) and Neotropical distribution that may require further taxonomic analysis. See also remarks for A. bartosi above.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB27A124A85B8C9560FF295.taxon	description	Itaquascon pilatoi sp. nov. (Lisi et al. 2014) Terra typica: Colombia (South America) Colombia: • 11 ° 06 ′ 20.0 ′′ N, 74 ° 03 ′ 50.0 ′′ W; 2,200 m asl: Magdalena Department, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, between La Tagua and Cuchilla de San Lorenzo, sub-Andean forest, moss (Calymperaceae sp.) from rock. Lisi et al. (2014) Record numbers: Colombia: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB27A124A85B8C9560FF295.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Colombia.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB27A124A85BA1D5559F0CB.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species has a slightly disjunct distribution (McInnes 1994 a), which may require further taxonomic analysis.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB27A124A85BC095560F62E.taxon	description	Terra typica: Scotland (Europe) Argentina: • 41 ° 14 ′ S, 71 ° 18 ′ W; 1,050 m asl: Rio Negro Province, Challuaco stream, mosses from water. Rossi & Claps (1991) • 50 ° 06 ′ S, 73 ° 18 ′ W; 200 m asl: Santa Cruz Province, Los Glaciares National Park, shores of Argentino Lake, near the Onelli glacier, Nothofagus forests, in the shade, mosses and lichens on trees and rocks. Maucci (1988) Record numbers: Argentina: 2; total: 2.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB27A124A85BC095560F62E.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species has a largely Holarctic distribution and, with a European type locality, the two reports from Argentina should be confirmed; particularly in the light of P. ramsayi recently described from Ecuador (Marley 2006).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB27A124A85BD985041F5FE.taxon	description	Platicrista ramsayi sp. nov. (Marley 2006) Terra typica: Ecuador (South America) Ecuador: • 00 ° 49 ′ N, 78 ° 00 ′ W; 3,340 m asl: Type Locality: Carchi Province, slope of Volcán Chiles, páramo, mosses on soil. Marley (2006) Record numbers: Ecuador: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB27A124A85BD985041F5FE.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species currently endemic to Ecuador; however, it is possible that reports of the Argentine example reported as P. angustata might be ascribed to P. ramsayi after further analysis.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB27A134A85BF7A5692F1C9.taxon	materials_examined	Argentina: • 41 ° 08 ′ S, 71 ° 20 ′ W; 950 m asl: Rio Negro Province, Cerro Runge, very wet, mosses from forest. Claps & Rossi (1981) • 54 ° 39 ′ S, 68 ° 30 ′ W; 800 m asl: Tierra del Fuego Province, National Park Ushuaia [Tierra del Fuego National Park], soil. Iharos (1982) Bolivia: • 16 ° 11 ' S, 68 ° 35 ' W; 3,680 – 4,000 m asl: La Paz Department, Cordillera de la Real de los Andes, Huarina, moorland floor, cushion moss. Garitano-Zavala (1995, 1996) • 16 ° 13 ' S, 68 ° 13 ' W; 4,550 – 4,700 m asl: La Paz Department, Cordillera de la Real de los Andes, Tuni, subnival floor, cushion moss. Garitano-Zavala (1995, 1996) • 16 ° 18 ' S, 68 ° 17 ' W; 4,300 – 4,400 m asl: La Paz Department, Cordillera de la Real de los Andes, Wila Kunka, high Andean floor, cushion moss. Gritano-Zavala (1995, 1996) Record numbers: Argentina: 2, Bolivia: 3; total: 5.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB27A134A85BF7A5692F1C9.taxon	discussion	Remarks: A largely Palaearctic species also reported from single localities in North and South America (McInnes 1994 a), which could suggest a species complex.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB37A134A85BAA15529F60B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: A widely distributed species (McInnes 1994 a), possibly representing a species complex requiring a reexamination.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFB37A134A85BD63552FF4C9.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Mainly reported from the Holarctic (McInnes 1994 a), so this South American record requires confirmation.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAC7A0C4A85B91657D1F188.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The Argentine examples were described as exhibiting the characters described in Dastych (1991) but there is no information on the eggs, which would confirm the identification. Heinis (1914) describes “ eggs with blunt thorns like projections surrounded by a hyaline skin ”, similar to that describes for Acutuncus antarcticus. These South American records require confirmation.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAC7A0C4A85BB4856F1F713.taxon	description	Mixibius fueginus sp. n. (Pilato & Binda 1996 a) Terra typica: Argentina (South America) Argentina: • 54 ° 47 ′ S, 68 ° 24 ′ W; 650 m asl: Type Locality: Tierra del Fuego Province, San Martial Glacier, wet moss. Pilato & Binda (1996 a), Binda & Pilato (1999 b) Record numbers: Argentina: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAC7A0C4A85BB4856F1F713.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Argentina.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAC7A0C4A85BC9B561CF629.taxon	description	Mixibius ornatus n. sp. (Pilato et al. 2002) Terra typica: Ecuador (South America) Ecuador: • 00 ° 41 ′ S, 77 ° 18 ′ W; 400 m asl: Type Locality: Orellana Province, Loreto, moss. Pilato et al. (2002) Record numbers: Ecuador: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAC7A0C4A85BC9B561CF629.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Ecuador.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAC7A0C4A85BD8156AAF5D8.taxon	description	Terra typica: Italy (Europe) Argentina: • 54 ° 47 ′ S, 68 ° 24 ′ W; 650 m asl: Tierra del Fuego Province, Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, peat-moss at the foot of the Glacier San Martial. Binda & Pilato (1999 b) Record numbers: Argentina: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAC7A0C4A85BD8156AAF5D8.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species has a very disjunct distribution (Italy and Argentina (McInnes 1994 a )), which suggests the South American record should be re-examined.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAC7A0D4A85BF4550E9F39B.taxon	description	Terra typica: Ireland (Europe) Ecuador: • 00 ° 41 ′ S, 77 ° 18 ′ W; 400 m asl: Orellana Province, Loreto, moss. Pilato et al. (2003 a) Record numbers: Ecuador: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAC7A0D4A85BF4550E9F39B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This monotypic genus has a broad Palaearctic, Australian and South American distribution (Pilato et al. 1989, 2003 a), which could suggest several species with low morphological divergence.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAD7A0D4A85B99E571EF7A0.taxon	materials_examined	Argentina: • 41 ° 00 ′ S, 71 ° 30 ′ W; 800 m asl: Neuquén Province, Isla Victoria, mosses on tree. Rossi & Claps (1989) • 41 ° 08 ′ S, 71 ° 20 ′ W; 950 m asl: Rio Negro Province, Cerro Runge, very wet, mosses from forest. Claps & Rossi (1981) • 41 ° 58 ′ S, 71 ° 31 ′ W; 390 m asl: Rio Negro Province, Bolson [El Bolsón], cypress grove, lichens on dry trees in full sun and mosses on dry rocks in full sun (2 samples). Mihelčič (1967) • 50 ° 06 ′ S, 73 ° 18 ′ W; 200 m asl: Santa Cruz Province, Los Glaciares National Park, shores of Argentino Lake, near the Onelli glacier, Nothofagus forests, in the shade, mosses and lichens on trees and rocks. Maucci (1988) • 50 ° 18 ′ S, 72 ° 48 ′ W; 200 m asl: Santa Cruz Province, shores of Argentino Lake, La Bandera [Puerto Bandera] near El Calafate, lichens on rocks, in full sunlight. Maucci (1988) • Undefined localities cited according Mihelčič (1967), dry mosses on tree in full sun. Mihelčič (1972) Chile: • 30 ° 25 ′ S – 37 ° 45 ′ S [34 ° 17 ′ S, 70 ° 33 ′ W]; 1,500 m asl: Region VI Libertador (Región del Libertador General Bernardo O ′ Higgins), near Rancagua (Termas de Cauquenes, Hacienda Chacayes), 80 km on south of Santiago de Chile, steppe shrubs, mosses on rocks in sun. Ramazzotti (1962 a) • 50 ° 59 ′ S, 73 ° 00 ′ W; 1,200 m asl: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Torres del Paine National Park, mosses on trees and rocks, nearly all in half sunlight. Maucci (1988) • 51 ° 34 ′ S, 72 ° 36 ′ W; 200 m asl: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Ultima Esperanza, near Cueva del Milodón, mosses on rocks, in sunlight. Maucci (1988) Record numbers: Argentina: 6, Chile: 3; total: 9.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAD7A0D4A85B99E571EF7A0.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Distribution largely Holarctic (McInnes 1994 a), with some confusion over Hebesuncus conjungens taxonomy, suggesting a species complex (Pilato et al. 2012).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAD7A0D4A85BD6555F7F4C8.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The disjunct (Palaearctic and South America) distribution of this species (McInnes 1994 a), suggests a species complex.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAD7A0F4A85BFA25019F3B6.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species appears to have a Neotropic-Nearctic distribution (McInnes 1994 a), the single New Zealand and Japanese (Utsugi 1988, 1992) records are probably misidentifications.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAF7A0F4A85B93051F4F16B.taxon	description	Ramazzottius edmondabouti n. sp. (Séméria 1993) Terra typica: Venezuela (South America) Venezuela: • 10 ° 20 ′ N, 67 ° 21 ′ W; 2,000 m asl: Type Locality: Undefined locality, Region Central, Aragua, Entrada Costa Maya, mosses. Séméria (1993) Record numbers: Venezuela: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAF7A0F4A85B93051F4F16B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Venezuela, the limited species diagnostics requires modern taxonomic revision.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAF7A084A85BA435035F7F4.taxon	description	Macrobiotus oberhäuseri Doy. (Richters 1908 a) Makrobiotus oberhäuseri var. granulatus mihi (Richters 1911 a)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAF7A084A85BA435035F7F4.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Ramazzottius oberhaeuseri is a species complex with a cosmopolitan distribution (McInnes 1994 a, see also Pilato et al. 2013). Recent papers have begun to identify individual species (see: Degma et al. 2009 – 2014) but most require eggs to be present (see Biserov 1998 for a diagnostic key to the genus). The South American records probably indicate one or more new species, which require further study.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA87A084A85BCFE5754F6AD.taxon	description	Hypsibius saltensis sp. nov. (Claps & Rossi 1984) Terra typica: Argentina (South America) Argentina: • 24 ° 55 ′ S, 64 ° 09 ′ W; 400 m asl: Type Locality: Salta Province, road from Las Lajitas to J. V. González, lichens on tree in the mountains (6 samples). Claps & Rossi (1984) Record numbers: Argentina: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA87A084A85BCFE5754F6AD.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species is currently endemic to Argentina.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA87A094A85BED5551BF39A.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently known only from Colombia and Ecuador, this species is very similar to D. flavus (see remarks for D. flavus).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA97A094A85B9135713F169.taxon	description	Terra typica: Italy (Europe) Uruguay: • 31 ° 03 ′ S, 57 ° 38 ′ W; 50 m asl: Salto Department, Arroyo Palomas, unidentified samples of mosses or lichens on rocks, trees, posts or soil. Claps & Rossi (1997) Record numbers: Uruguay: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA97A094A85B9135713F169.taxon	discussion	Remarks: A species with a very disjunct distribution (McInnes 1994 a), the South American record may need verification, especially in the light of numerous recently described new Doryphoribius species (see Degma et al. 2009 – 2014 and key in Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2010).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA97A094A85BA415736F7C0.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The disjunct distribution (McInnes 1994 a), may reflect rarity or need for further taxonomic analysis, especially in the light of numerous recently described new Doryphoribius species (see Degma et al. 2009 – 2014, and key in Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2010).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA97A094A85BCAA568EF5E4.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species has a rather disjunct distribution (McInnes 1994 a) that could indicate the need for further taxonomic analysis, especially in the light of numerous recently described Doryphoribius species (see Degma et al. 2009 – 2014 and key in Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2010). This was also confirmed in a recent discussion on the synonymy of Doryphoribius flavus and Doryphoribius citrinus by Lisi (2011) who states, “ ... the records of D. flavus in South America, in South Africa and in Bali are incorrect. This means the geographic distribution of D. flavus requires re-evaluation … ”.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA97A0A4A85BECD508EF13D.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species has a disjunct distribution (McInnes 1994 a) suggesting the need for further taxonomic analysis, especially in the light of numerous recently described new Doryphoribius species. Also, Doryphoribius zappalai was originally described from a riverine habitat and the majority of South American records are terrestrial (see Degma et al. 2009 – 2014 and key in Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2010).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAA7A0A4A85BB1A5538F765.taxon	description	Hexapodibius beasleyi sp. nov. (Maucci 1988) Terra typica: Oklahoma, USA (North America) Chile: • 50 ° 59 ′ S, 73 ° 00 ′ W; 1,200 m asl: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Torres del Paine National Park, mosses on trees and rocks, nearly all in half sunlight. Maucci (1988) Record numbers: Chile: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAA7A0A4A85BB1A5538F765.taxon	discussion	Remarks: A rare species with a disjunct distribution of Chile (locus typicus), USA, and South Africa (Kaczmarek et al 2006).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAA7A0A4A85BDD8568FF45B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The limited species diagnostics and similarity with I. sattleri requires a modern taxonomic revision (Ramazzotti & Maucci 1983). A single South American record well beyond the European type locale (McInnes 1994 a) suggests that it may be incorrect.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAA7A0A4A85BCD256EBF6D1.taxon	description	Isohypsibius condorcanquii sp. nov. (Kaczmarek et al. 2014 b) Terra typica: Peru (South America) Peru: • 13 ° 10 ′ S, 72 ° 33 ′ W; 2,450 m asl: Type Locality: Cusco Region, Machu Picchu, moss on rock. Kaczmarek et al. (2014 b) Record numbers: Peru: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAA7A0A4A85BCD256EBF6D1.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Species currently endemic to Peru.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAA7A0B4A85BF535644F253.taxon	description	Terra typica: France (Europe) Argentina: • 34 ° 56 ′ S, 58 ° 04 ′ W; 0 m asl: Buenos Aires Province, Arroyo Rodríguez, plankton sample. Rossi & Claps (1991) Record numbers: Argentina: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAA7A0B4A85BF535644F253.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This Argentinean report is the only reference remote from the type locality (France, Europe), and thus it may be incorrect. The original species description reported separation of the claw primary branches from the basal section, suggesting this species belongs to Ramazzottius. A revision of both type material, and the Argentinean sample, is required.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAB7A0B4A85B95B55D6F0B0.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The considerable morphological variability (Ramazzotti & Maucci 1983) and a disjunct distribution (Europe and South America, McInnes 1994 a) suggests that all examples of this taxon requires a modern taxonomic revision.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAB7A0B4A85BC3A552AF6C5.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This is the only record outside Europe (McInnes 1994 a), which suggests the Bolivian record should be re-examined.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAB7A0B4A85BDAD508FF5D6.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The Holarctic distribution (McInnes 1994 a) suggests the single Brazil record, is doubtful.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFAB7A0B4A85BED0515EF48B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The disjunct distribution of this species (McInnes 1994 a) requires further taxonomic analysis.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA47A044A85B88055B0F2D9.taxon	description	Terra typica: Hungary (Europe) Chile: • 51 ° 44 ′ S, 72 ° 30 ′ W; 0 m asl: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Puerto Natales, mosses on trees and rocks. Maucci (1988) Record numbers: Chile: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA47A044A85B88055B0F2D9.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The generally Holarctic distribution (McInnes 1994 a), suggests this single South American record requires confirmation.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA47A044A85B9D1557FF02C.taxon	description	H. (I.) myrops sp. n. (du Bois-Reymond Marcus 1944) Terra typica: Brazil (South America) Brazil: • 23 ° 34 ′ S, 46 ° 44 ′ W; 750 m asl: Type Locality: São Paulo State, São Paulo, in aquarium of Department of Zoology, Faculty of Philosofia, between aquatic plants. du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1944) • 23 ° 39 ′ S, 46 ° 42 ′ W; 750 m asl: Type Locality: São Paulo State, Santo Amaro, on the edge of São Paulo, in the stream, between aquatic plants. du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1944) • 25 ° 26 ′ S, 49 ° 16 ′ W; 900 m asl: Type Locality: Paraná State, Curitiba, between aquatic plants. du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1944) Record numbers: Brazil: 3; total: 3.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA47A044A85B9D1557FF02C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Species known only from Brazil and from doubtful records in Japanese sewage treatment plants (Utsugi 2001).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA47A044A85BB8651E8F403.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Known from a limited number of global sites (McInnes 1994 a), suggesting a possible species complex.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA47A054A85BF6B560CF23D.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Known from a limited number of global sites (McInnes 1994 a), suggesting a species complex and that the Brazilian report need confirmation.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA57A054A85B98A5677F1F0.taxon	discussion	Remarks: A largely Palaearctic subspecies (McInnes 1994 a) suggesting the type material should be revised via modern taxonomic methods.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA57A054A85BAFA5100F0A4.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Mainly Palaearctic (McInnes 1994 a), suggesting this South American record requires confirmation.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA57A054A85BC035155F685.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Largely Palaearctic distribution with limited reports from other regions (McInnes 1994 a) indicates a probable a species complex. We, therefore, think this South American record requires confirmation.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA57A054A85BDE25625F59E.taxon	description	Isohypsibius sabellai n. sp. (Pilato et al. 2004) Terra typica: Brazil (South America) Brazil: • 25 ° 41 ′ S, 54 ° 26 ′ W; 200 m asl: Type Locality: Paraná State, Iguaçu Falls, moss. Pilato et al. (2004) Record numbers: Brazil: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA57A054A85BDE25625F59E.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Brazil.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA57A064A85BEE857B6F090.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This member of the tuberculatus- group has a history of major taxonomic confusion, but been redescribed from contemporary material (Dastych 1990). Nevertheless, its cosmopolitan distribution remains questionable (McInnes, 1994 a), requiring major taxonomic revision.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA67A064A85BC1A512EF539.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species with a largely Holarctic distribution (McInnes 1994 a), requires a taxonomic revision.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA67A074A85BEB15078F2C3.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This rarely reported species has a possible Neotropical distribution.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA77A074A85B9AB5145F081.taxon	discussion	Remarks: A largely Palaearctic species with single African, Asian or North American records (McInnes 1994 a), despite the Southern Indian Ocean type locale, which suggests a species complex in need of revision.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA77A074A85BBEE55F1F584.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Nominal species for the tuberculatus- group with a long history of major taxonomic confusion. This species has mainly a Holarctic distribution (McInnes 1994 a), and thus the South American records require further analyses.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA77A004A85BF4355B2F143.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This apparently Neotropical species (McInnes 1994 a, Kaczmarek et al. 2014 a) has a few doubtful USA records (Meyer 1967).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA07A004A85BA8B5007F096.taxon	description	Echinursellus longiunguis n. sp. (Iharos 1968)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA07A004A85BA8B5007F096.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The original, incomplete description was based on a single simplex stage specimen. Kristensen (1987) re-described the type specimen but additional material is required for a full revision.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA07A014A85BC1257F7F7EE.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Reports for both Pseudobiotus augusti and Isohypsibius augusti are included here as taxonomic confusion of the original P. augusti description has left the records split between Pseudobiotus and Thulinius. It is highly probable that records belong to both genera (Bertolani et al. 1999, Nelson et al. 1999). Marcus (1939) is the only Neotropical report for an otherwise Palaearctic Pseudobiotus megalonyx (McInnes 1994 a), suggesting all South American records require re-examination.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA17A014A85BD3A5030F563.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This report verifies South American Thulinius species, however T. stephaniae is largely Palaearctic (McInnes 1994 a), suggesting this South American record requires confirmation.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA17A024A85BEE9564BF2F5.taxon	description	Macrobiotus anderssoni n. sp. (Richters 1908 a) Terra typica: Argentina (South America) Argentina: • 54 ° 46 ′ S, 68 ° 12 ′ W; 150 m asl: Type Locality: Tierra del Fuego Province, Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Rio Olivia. Richters (1908 a) • 54 ° 47 ′ S, 68 ° 23 ′ W; 800 m asl: Type Locality: Tierra del Fuego Province, Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, mountain region of Ushuaia. Richters (1908 a) • 54 ° 48 ′ S, 68 ° 18 ′ W; 50 m asl: Type Locality: Tierra del Fuego Province, Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, valley. Richters (1908 a) • 54 ° 50 ′ S, 68 ° 34 ′ W; 0 m asl: Type Locality: Tierra del Fuego Province, Tierra Mayor (Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego), near Roca Lake. Richters (1908 a) Record numbers: Argentina: 4; total: 4.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA17A024A85BEE9564BF2F5.taxon	discussion	Remarks: With the New Zealand reference re-examined and re-attributed (Pilato et al. 2006), this species is only known from type locality and a doubtful site in Greece (McInnes 1994 a). Some authors have suggested this species is a variant of Macrobiotus furciger or M. porteri (e. g. Mihelčič 1972, Ramazzotti and Maucci 1983), and therefore in need of revision.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA27A024A85B9FD56C9F094.taxon	description	Macrobiotus andinus sp. nov. (Maucci 1988) Terra typica: Chile and Argentina (South America) Argentina: • 50 ° 06 ′ S, 73 ° 18 ′ W; 200 m asl: Type Locality: Santa Cruz Province, Los Glaciares National Park, shores of Argentino Lake, near the Onelli glacier, Nothofagus forests, in the shade, mosses and lichens on trees and rocks. Maucci (1988) Chile: • 51 ° 34 ′ S, 72 ° 36 ′ W; 200 m asl: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Ultima Esperanza, near Cueva del Milodón, mosses on rocks, in sunlight. Maucci (1988) • 51 ° 44 ′ S, 72 ° 30 ′ W; 0 m asl: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Puerto Natales, mosses on trees and rocks. Maucci (1988) • 53 ° 38 ′ S, 70 ° 59 ′ W; 50 m asl: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), San Juan (Punta Arenas), mosses on soil. Binda & Pilato (1999 b) • 55 ° 14 ′ S, 66 ° 33 ′ W; 200 m asl: Tierra del Fuego Province, Isla Nueva, mosses on soil. Binda & Pilato (1999 b) Record numbers: Argentina: 1; Chile: 4; total: 5.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA27A024A85B9FD56C9F094.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to South America.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA27A034A85BC1E5737F39A.taxon	description	Macrobiotus harmsworthi coronata n. var. (de Barros 1942 b) M. harmsworthi f. coronata (Ramazzotti 1957)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA27A034A85BC1E5737F39A.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Macrobiotus coronatus has a relatively wide distribution, but Pilato et al. (2000) suggested that only the South American localities are correct and all others need to be confirmed. This species belongs to the Macrobiotus harmsworthi group that require careful examination to ensure correct identifications (see Kaczmarek et al. 2011 for a diagnostic key to the group).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA37A034A85B8EA5026F171.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Macrobiotus crenulatus has a Holarctic distribution (McInnes 1994), with the Colombian and Costa Rican (Kaczmarek et al. 2014 a) records the most southerly reports. Both reports were based on individuals without the taxonomically distinct eggs and therefore may represent new species.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFA37A7C4A85BA71570BF39B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Macrobiotus echinogenitus is cosmopolitan (McInnes 1994 a), probably representing a species group, suggesting this South American record requires confirmation.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFDC7A7C4A85B9135737F075.taxon	description	Macrobiotus erminiae sp. n. (Binda & Pilato 1999 b) Terra typica: Chile (South America) Argentina: • 54 ° 17 ′ S, 66 ° 42 ′ W; 50 m asl: Tierra del Fuego Province, Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, outskirts of Cabo San Pablo, peatmoss. Binda & Pilato (1999 b) • 54 ° 47 ′ S, 68 ° 24 ′ W; 650 m asl: Tierra del Fuego Province, Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, de Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, peat-moss at the foot of the Glacier San Martial. Binda & Pilato (1999 b) Chile: • 52 ° 46 ′ S, 69 ° 40 ′ W; 50 m asl: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, outskirts of Bahia Felipe, moss on soil. Binda & Pilato (1999 b) • 53 ° 38 ′ S, 70 ° 59 ′ W; 50 m asl: Type Locality: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), San Juan (Punta Arenas), mosses on soil. Binda & Pilato (1999 b) • 55 ° 14 ′ S, 66 ° 33 ′ W; 200 m asl: Tierra del Fuego Province, Isla Nueva, mosses on soil. Binda & Pilato (1999 b) Record numbers: Argentina: 2, Chile: 3; total: 5.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFDC7A7C4A85B9135737F075.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to the Tierra del Fuego region of South America. This species belongs to the Macrobiotus harmsworthi group, which require careful examination to ensure correct identifications (see Kaczmarek et al. 2011 for a diagnostic key to the group).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFDC7A7C4A85BB7D55FEF7C6.taxon	description	Macrobiotus evelinae spec. nov. (de Barros, 1938) Terra typica: Brazil (South America) Brazil: • 22 ° 43 ′ S, 45 ° 34 ′ W; 1,600 m asl: Type Locality: São Paulo State, Campos do Jordão, Capivari, (Homem morto), mosses on trees. de Barros (1938) Record numbers: Brazil: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFDC7A7C4A85BB7D55FEF7C6.taxon	discussion	Remarks: A species known only from the type locality and an uncertain record from the Pacific Caroline Islands (McInnes 1994 a).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFDC7A7C4A85BCA05113F485.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Species of the Macrobiotus furciger - group are reported from localities throughout the world but many require verification according to modern literature (for more details see Binda & Rebecchi 1992 and Binda et al. 2005). Binda et al. (2005), reduced the range of Macrobiotus furciger sensu stricto to the maritime Antarctic and sub-Antarctic South Georgia, suggesting the South American records require confirmation.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFDD7A7E4A85B88050A0F094.taxon	description	Makrobiotus harmsworthi Murray? (Richters 1911 a)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFDD7A7E4A85B88050A0F094.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Macrobiotus harmsworthi sensu lato is thought to have a cosmopolitan distribution (McInnes 1994 a). However, we think the presence of M. harmsworthi sensu stricto in South America should be considered dubious. Originally described from Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa in Arctic Russia, M. harmsworthi is now considered a species group with a number of very similar species (all requiring careful taxonomic analysis of adults and egg morphology — see Kaczmarek et al. 2011 for diagnostic key). This is particularly emphasised by the presence of other group members reported from this region (e. g. M. coronatus, M. erminiae etc.). Montoya et al. (2010) examined only egg shell remains from sediments, thus those records are doubtful.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFDE7A7E4A85BC1E506DF440.taxon	description	M. hibiscus Barros, 1942 (Claps & Rossi 1981, 1984) Macrobiotus hibiscus n. sp. (de Barros 1942 b)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFDE7A7E4A85BC1E506DF440.taxon	discussion	Remarks: There has been some discussion over whether Macrobiotus hibiscus is a junior synonym of Macrobiotus hufelandi as the morphology of this species falls within the Macrobiotus hufelandi group diagnosis (e. g. Kathman 1990). This is a group that requires careful taxonomic analysis, including egg morphology, for correct identification (see Bertolani & Rebecchi 1993 for a diagnostic key and other papers for more recent species descriptions: e. g. Pilato et al. 2003 b, Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2004, Fontoura et al. 2008, Bartels et al. 2009, Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2009 b, Guidetti et al. 2013). Further work will be required on the type material or type locale to clarify the status and biogeography of this species.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFDE7A7A4A85BF2A56F1F68B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Taxa identified as Macrobiotus hufelandi sensu lato have a cosmopolitan distribution (McInnes 1994 a). However, this is the nominal species for the hufelandi group and the group requires careful taxonomic analysis, including egg morphology, in order to properly differentiate the individual species (see Bertolani & Rebecchi 1993 for the review and for e. g. Pilato et al. 2003 b, Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2004, Fontoura et al. 2008, Bartels et al. 2009, Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2009 b, Guidetti et al. 2013 for new species within the group). We think the reports citing the presence of Macrobiotus hufelandi sensu stricto in South America, particularly the older reports, need to be confirmed.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFDA7A7A4A85BDE3569EF414.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This nominal species of the M. islandicus group has a Holarctic distribution (McInnes 1994 a). Importantly, a similar subspecies, Macrobiotus islandicus nicaraguensis, is known from Central America (Kaczmarek et al. 2014 a), thus it is very likely that this single Colombian record belongs to M. i. nicaraguensis or to another species within the islandicus group.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFDA7A7B4A85BF9E56BAF28E.taxon	description	Macrobiotus kazmierskii sp. n. (Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2009 b) Terra typica: Argentina (South America) Argentina: • 41 ° 11.551´S, 71 ° 49.908´W / 41 ° 12 ′ N, 71 ° 50 ′ W; 1,100 m asl [1,000 m asl]: Rio Negro Province, Nahul Huapi National Park, Ventisquero Negro, Nothofagus forest, moss on rocks. Kaczmarek & Michalczyk (2009 b) Record numbers: Argentina: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFDA7A7B4A85BF9E56BAF28E.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Argentina, this species belongs to the persimilis subgroup (with a smooth egg shell) within the Macrobiotus hufelandi group. The hufelandi group requires careful taxonomic analysis, including egg morphology, to differentiate the individual species (see Bertolani & Rebecchi 1993; and e. g. Fontoura et al. 2008, Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2004, 2009 b, Pilato et al. 2003 b, Bartels et al. 2009, Guidetti et al. 2013 for new species within this group).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFDB7A7B4A85B9FD56BAF740.taxon	description	Macrobiotus sp. (Moly de Peluffo et al. 2006, Peluffo et al. 2007) Macrobiotus kristenseni sp. nov. (Guidetti et al. 2013) Terra typica: Argentina (South America) Argentina: • 35 ° 40 ′ S, 63 ° 44 ′ W; 143 m asl: La Pampa Province, General Pico (125 km northeast of Santa Rosa), epiphytic lichens. Moly de Peluffo et al. (2006), Guidetti et al. (2013) • 36 ° 39 ′ S, 64 ° 17 ′ W; 177 m asl: Type Locality: La Pampa Province, Santa Rosa [Santa Rosa de Toay], epiphytic lichens. Peluffo et al. (2007), Guidetti et al. (2013) • 36 ° 55 ′ S, 64 ° 16 ′ W; 150 m asl: La Pampa Province, Natural Reserve Parque Luro (35 km south of Santa Rosa), caldén forest, epiphytic lichens. Guidetti et al. (2013) Record numbers: Argentina: 3; total: 3.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFDB7A7B4A85B9FD56BAF740.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Argentina, the species belongs to the persimilis subgroup (with a smooth egg shell) within the Macrobiotus hufelandi group. The hufelandi group requires careful taxonomic analysis, including egg morphology, to differentiate the individual species (see Bertolani & Rebecchi 1993; and e. g. Fontoura et al. 2008, Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2004, 2009 b, Pilato et al. 2003 b, Bartels et al. 2009, Guidetti et al. 2013 for new species within this group).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFDB7A7B4A85BC2D552FF6AD.taxon	description	Macrobiotus liviae spec. nov. (Ramazzotti 1962 a) Terra typica: Chile (South America) Chile: • 35 ° 00 ′ S, 70 ° 48 ′ W; 735 m asl: Region VII Maule (Región del Maule), Los Queñes / Curicò, mosses. Ramazzotti (1964 a) • 30 ° 25 ′ S – 37 ° 45 ′ S [37 ° 43 ′ S, 73 ° 02 ′ W]; 1,100 m asl: Type Locality: Cordillera Nahuelbuta (Cabrería) on S of Concepción, mixed rainforest with Araucaria araucana, Nothofagus obliqua and N. dombeyi, lichens. Ramazzotti (1962 a) Record numbers: Chile: 2; total: 2.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFDB7A7B4A85BC2D552FF6AD.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species of the harmsworthi group has an apparent Gondwanan distribution (McInnes 1994 a). However, the reports from New Zealand have been re-attributed to other species (Pilato & Binda 1996 b), which has narrowed the range to a possible Neotropic distribution. Like many other macrobiotids, this group requires careful taxonomic analysis including egg morphology (see Kaczmarek et al. 2011 for a diagnostic key to the group).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFDB7A7B4A85BE1B50D6F448.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species is reported globally (McInnes 1994 a), suggesting a species complex.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFDB7A744A85BF395634F2F8.taxon	description	Macrobiotus neuquensis sp. nov. (Rossi et al. 2009) Terra typica: Argentina (South America) Argentina: • 36 ° 50 ′ S, 71 ° 00 ′ W; 1,500 m asl: Neuquén Province, Epulauquen Lake, mosses on soil and rock. Rossi et al. (2009) • 39 ° 12 ′ S, 70 ° 55 ′ W; 900 m asl: Neuquén Province, Aluminé, Rucachoroi Lake, moss on soil and lichen on tree (2 samples). Rossi et al. (2009) • 39 ° 14 ′ S, 70 ° 55 ′ W; 950 m asl: Neuquén Province, Aluminé, Abra Ancha, moss on soil. Rossi et al. (2009) • 40 ° 07 ′ S, 71 ° 39 ′ W; 700 m asl: Type Locality: Neuquén Province, Hua Hum, Junín de los Andes, mosses on soil and rock. Rossi et al. (2009) Record numbers: Argentina: 4; total: 4.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFDB7A744A85BF395634F2F8.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Argentina, this species belongs to the Macrobiotus harmsworthi group, which requires a careful examination, including egg morphology, to verify identification (see Kaczmarek et al. 2011 for a diagnostic key to the group).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD47A744A85B9C95697F1AD.taxon	description	Terra typica: Italy (Europe) Argentina: • 41 ° 14 ′ S, 71 ° 18 ′ W; 1,050 m asl: Rio Negro Province, Challuaco stream, mosses from rock in water. Rossi & Claps (1991) Record numbers: Argentina: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD47A744A85B9C95697F1AD.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species belongs to the harmsworthi group and has a rather disjunct distribution (McInnes 1994 a). The group requires careful taxonomic analysis including egg morphology (Kaczmarek et al. 2011). The South American record is a potential misidentification.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD47A744A85BB1B5520F6D1.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Macrobiotus occidentalis sensu lato has a largely Holarctic distribution (McInnes 1994 a) but with some southern hemisphere reports, which suggests a possible species complex. The South American record requires verification.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD47A754A85BDDE51F7F294.taxon	description	Macrobiotus orcadensis J. Murr., 1907 (de Barros 1942 b)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD47A754A85BDDE51F7F294.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Based on the eggs, Murray (1907 c) suggested this species belonged to the Macrobiotus furciger group and the main reports for this species are from the Palaearctic with sites in New Zealand and South America. As the furciger group requires verification (Binda & Rebecchi 1992 and Binda et al. 2005), the mainly northern Palaearctic distribution suggests this South American record is a misidentification requiring further analysis.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD57A754A85BA115558F0DE.taxon	description	Macrobiotus ovostriatus sp. n. (Pilato & Patanè 1998) Terra typica: Argentina (South America) Argentina: • 54 ° 17 ′ S, 66 ° 42 ′ W; 50 m asl: Type Locality: Tierra del Fuego Province, Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Peninsula Mitre, Cabo San Pablo, moss and lichen. Pilato & Patanè (1998) • 54 ° 47 ′ S, 68 ° 16 ′ W; 100 m asl: Tierra del Fuego Province, Peninsula Mitre, Rio Pipo. Pilato & Patanè (1998) Record numbers: Argentina: 2; total: 2.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD57A754A85BA115558F0DE.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species belongs to the Macrobiotus harmsworthi group, which requires a careful examination to ensure correct identification (see Kaczmarek et al. 2011 for a diagnostic key to the group). Currently, Macrobiotus ovostriatus has been reported from Tierra del Fuego and an egg from sub-Antarctic South Georgia.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD57A754A85BBA8503AF7F4.taxon	description	Macrobiotus papillosus n. sp. (Iharos 1963) Terra typica: Argentina (South America) Argentina: • 41 ° 59 ′ S, 71 ° 31 ′ W; 360 m asl: Type Locality: Rio Negro Province, El Bolsón, foot of Piltriquitron Mt., mosses on rocks in shaded Libocedrus chilensis - Lomatia obliqua forest. Iharos (1963) Record numbers: Argentina: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD57A754A85BBA8503AF7F4.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The species with an imprecise diagnosis, currently endemic to Argentina.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD57A764A85BCF1507FF3B6.taxon	description	Macrobiotus patagonicus sp. nov. (Maucci, 1988) Terra typica: Argentina (South America) Argentina: • 36 ° 50 ′ S, 71 ° 00 ′ W; 1,500 m asl: Neuquén Province, Epulauquen Lake, mosses on soil and rock. Rossi et al. (2009) • 38 ° 53 ′ S, 71 ° 13 ′ W; 1,300 m asl: Neuquén Province, Aluminé, Villa Pehuenia, Moquehue Lake, moss on soil. Rossi et al. (2009) • 39 ° 08 ′ S, 71 ° 17 ′ W; 1,000 m asl: Neuquén Province, Aluminé, Ñorquinco Lake, moss and lichen on soil. Rossi et al. (2009) • 39 ° 12 ′ S, 70 ° 55 ′ W; 900 m asl: Neuquén Province, Aluminé, Rucachoroi Lake, lichen on tree. Rossi et al. (2009) • 40 ° 07 ′ S, 71 ° 39 ′ W; 700 m asl: Neuquén Province, Hua Hum, Junín de los Andes, mosses on soil and rock. Rossi et al. (2009) • 50 ° 06 ′ S, 73 ° 18 ′ W; 200 m asl: Type Locality: Santa Cruz Province, Los Glaciares National Park, shores of Argentino Lake, near the Onelli glacier, Nothofagus forests, in the shade, mosses and lichens on trees and rocks. Maucci (1988) • 50 ° 18 ′ S, 72 ° 48 ′ W; 200 m asl: Santa Cruz Province, shores of Argentino Lake, La Bandera [Puerto Bandera] near El Calafate, lichens on rocks, in full sunlight. Maucci (1988) Chile: • 50 ° 59 ′ S, 73 ° 00 ′ W; 1,200 m asl: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Torres del Paine National Park, mosses on trees and rocks, nearly all in half sunlight. Maucci (1988) • 51 ° 34 ′ S, 72 ° 36 ′ W; 200 m asl: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Ultima Esperanza, near Cueva del Milodón, mosses on rocks, in sunlight. Maucci (1988) • 51 ° 44 ′ S, 72 ° 30 ′ W; 0 m asl: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Puerto Natales, mosses on trees and rocks. Maucci (1988) Record numbers: Argentina: 7, Chile: 3; total: 10.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD57A764A85BCF1507FF3B6.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species is currently endemic to South America and belongs to the persimilis subgroup (with smooth egg shell) within the Macrobiotus hufelandi group). This group requires careful taxonomic analysis, including egg morphology, to differentiate the individual species (see Bertolani & Rebecchi 1993; and for new species within this group: e. g. Pilato et al. 2003 b, Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2004, Fontoura et al. 2008, Bartels et al. 2009, Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2009 b, Guidetti et al. 2013).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD67A764A85B9365634F154.taxon	description	Macrobiotus pisacensis sp. nov. (Kaczmarek et al. 2014 b) Terra typica: Peru (South America) Peru: • 13 ° 25 ′ S, 71 ° 51 ′ W; 3,000 m asl: Type Locality: Cusco Region, Pisac near Cusco, mixed mosses and lichens on rock. Kaczmarek et al. (2014 b) Record numbers: Peru: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD67A764A85B9365634F154.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Peru.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD67A764A85BA53510BF722.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This is the nominal species for the polyopus group, which comprises a number of very similar species that mainly differ in egg morphology. The group is probably Gondwanan in distribution (Pilato 2006), and requires careful examination in order to ensure correct identification (Pilato 2006, Pilato & Kaczmarek 2007). Pilato (2006) had grave doubts about the validity of the Brazilian (de Barros 1942 b) example, suggesting Macrobiotus polyopus was restricted to Sumatra and that other members of the group occurred elsewhere. Therefore, the presence of this species in South America is questionable, and probably represents new taxa.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD67A764A85BC825026F566.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Species with an imprecise diagnosis, currently endemic to South America.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD67A764A85BE465625F424.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Brazil.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD67A774A85BF8E5040F100.taxon	description	M. psephus sp. n. (du Bois-Reymond Marcus 1944) M. psephus du Bois Reymond (Claps & Rossi 1997) Terra typica: Brazil (South America) Brazil: • 22 ° 44 ′ S, 45 ° 35 ′ W; 1,650 m asl: Type Locality: São Paulo State, Campos do Jordão, mosses or aquatic plants. du Bois- Reymond Marcus (1944) Uruguay: • 31 ° 03 ′ S, 57 ° 38 ′ W; 50 m asl: Salto Department, Arroyo Palomas, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997) Venezuela: • 10 ° 20 ′ N, 67 ° 21 ′ W; 2,000 m asl: Undefined locality, Region Central, Aragua, Entrada Costa Maya, mosses. Séméria (1993) Record numbers: Brazil: 1, Uruguay: 1, Venezuela: 1; total: 3.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD67A774A85BF8E5040F100.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The species originally described from South America (du Bois-Reymond Marcus 1944) and later found in Costa Rica (Kaczmarek et al. 2014 a). Specimens from Costa Rica indicate that this species requires a redescription and should probably be transferred to the genus Paramacrobiotus.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD77A774A85BA695675F7CD.taxon	description	Macrobiotus punctillus n. sp. (Pilato et al. 1990) Macrobiotus punctillus Pilato et al. 1990 (Binda & Pilato 1999 b) Terra typica: Chile (South America) Chile: • 53 ° 08 ′ S, 70 ° 54 ′ W; 0 m asl: Type Locality: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), near Punta Arenas, mosses. Pilato et al. (1990) • 53 ° 38 ′ S, 70 ° 59 ′ W; 50 m asl: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), San Juan (Punta Arenas), mosses on soil. Binda & Pilato (1999 b) • 55 ° 14 ′ S, 66 ° 33 ′ W; 200 m asl: Tierra del Fuego Province, Isla Nueva, mosses on soil. Binda & Pilato (1999 b) Record numbers: Chile: 3; total: 3.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD77A774A85BA695675F7CD.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species is currently endemic to Chile and belongs to the persimilis subgroup (with smooth egg shell) within the hufelandi group. This group requires careful taxonomic analysis, including egg morphology, to differentiate the individual species (Bertolani & Rebecchi 1993; new species within this group: e. g. Pilato et al. 2003 b, Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2004, Fontoura et al. 2008, Bartels et al. 2009, Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2009 b, Guidetti et al. 2013).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD77A774A85BCA5509FF543.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Macrobiotus rubens has a disjunct distribution (McInnes 1994 a). However, the Himalayan type locale suggests both reports from South America require re-examination and may represent new taxa.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD77A774A85BE2A55B2F4CA.taxon	description	Macrobiotus sawayai sp. n. (Marcus, 1937) Terra typica: Brazil (South America) Brazil: • 23 ° 33 ′ S, 46 ° 40 ′ W; 750 m asl: São Paulo State, Pacaembu, mosses on trees. Marcus (1937) Record numbers: Brazil: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD77A774A85BE2A55B2F4CA.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The species, currently restricted to Brazil, has been omitted from modern taxonomic literature since Ramazzotti (1962 b) though is still included in species lists (e. g. Assunçäo 1999). As the taxonomic position is uncertain Macrobiotus sawayai requires a redescription (indeed, drawings suggested it should be attributed to the genus Minibiotus).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD77A704A85BFA35646F2D9.taxon	description	Terra typica: Russia (Asia) Argentina: • 24 ° 45 ′ S, 65 ° 28 ′ W; 1,300 m asl: Salta Province, road from Salta to San Lorenzo, lichens on tree. Claps & Rossi (1984) • 25 ° 38 ′ S, 65 ° 39 ′ W; 1,250 m asl: Salta Province, road from Cafayate to Salta, mosses on tree in the mountains. Claps & Rossi (1984) Record numbers: Argentina: 2; total: 2.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD77A704A85BFA35646F2D9.taxon	discussion	Remarks: A largely Palaearctic species distribution but with two reports from the Americas (McInnes 1994 a). This Argentinean records (Claps & Rossi 1984) is the only two from South America, and we suggest it is reexamined via modern taxonomy.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD07A704A85B9D35091F1F0.taxon	description	Macrobiotus spertii sp. nov. (Ramazzotti 1957) Terra typica: Chile (South America) Chile: • 54 ° 30 ′ S, 70 ° 47 ′ W; 800 m asl: Type Locality: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Timaukel, Alberto de Agostini National Park, hill S from Monte Sarmiento, mosses. Ramazzotti (1957) Record numbers: Brazil: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD07A704A85B9D35091F1F0.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Species known only from two localities: Chile and Wyoming (USA) (McInnes 1994 a).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD07A704A85BAFD5563F73A.taxon	description	M. stellaris sp. n. (du Bois-Reymond Marcus 1944) Terra typica: Brazil (South America) Brazil: • 22 ° 44 ′ S, 45 ° 35 ′ W; 1,650 m asl: Type Locality: São Paulo State, Campos do Jordão, mosses or aquatic plants. du Bois- Reymond Marcus (1944) Record numbers: Brazil: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD07A704A85BAFD5563F73A.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species belongs to the Macrobiotus harmsworthi group, requiring careful examination to ensure correct identification (see Kaczmarek et al. 2011 for a diagnostic key to the group). Macrobiotus stellaris is only reported from Brazil (type locality), Turkey and Greece (McInnes 1994 a), but Kaczmarek et al. (2012 a) suggested the European reports most likely represent Macrobiotus reinhardti Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2003 a.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD07A704A85BC895764F50C.taxon	description	Macrobiotus szeptyckii sp. n. (Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2009 b) Terra typica: Argentina (South America) Argentina: • 41 ° 11.551´S, 71 ° 49.908´W / 41 ° 12 ′ N, 71 ° 50 ′ W; 1,100 m asl [1,000 m asl]: Rio Negro Province, Nahul Huapi National Park, Ventisquero Negro, Nothofagus forest, moss on rocks. Kaczmarek & Michalczyk (2009 b) • 41 ° 31 ′ S, 71 ° 30 ′ W; 950 m asl: Type Locality: Rio Negro Province, Nahul Huapi National Park, 70 km south of San Carlos de Bariloche, moss on rocks. Kaczmarek & Michalczyk (2009 b) Record numbers: Argentina: 2; total: 2.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD07A704A85BC895764F50C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Argentina, this species belongs to the Macrobiotus harmsworthi group, which requires a careful examination to ensure correct identification (see Kaczmarek et al. 2011 for a diagnostic key to the group). Macrobiotus szeptyckii is extremely similar to M. tehuelchensis, described in the same year and from the same region, and are possible synonymous.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD07A704A85BE7B50F4F4E0.taxon	description	Macrobiotus tehuelchensis sp. nov. (Rossi et al. 2009) Terra typica: Argentina (South America) Argentina: • 39 ° 08 ′ S, 71 ° 17 ′ W; 1,000 m asl: Type Locality: Neuquén Province, Aluminé Ñorquinco Lake, moss and lichen on soil. Rossi et al. (2009) Record numbers: Argentina: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD07A704A85BE7B50F4F4E0.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Argentina, this species belongs to the Macrobiotus harmsworthi group, which requires a careful examination to ensure correct identification (see Kaczmarek et al. 2011 for a diagnostic key to the group). It is very similar to M. szeptyckii (see remarks above for M. szeptyckii).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD17A714A85B88056CBF2F5.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The species with an uncertain diagnosis is currently reported from several disjunct Northern and Southern hemispheres localities (McInnes 1994 a), which suggest a species complex. This Peruvian record requires confirmation via modern taxonomy.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD17A714A85BA4556C9F6DD.taxon	description	Macrobiotus acontistus n. sp. (de Barros 1942 b)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD17A714A85BA4556C9F6DD.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to South America.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD17A714A85BDA856F1F5F4.taxon	description	Minibiotus claxtonae sp. nov. (Rossi et al. 2009) Terra typica: Argentina (South America) Argentina: • 39 ° 25 ′ S, 71 ° 17 ′ W; 1,000 m asl: Type Locality: Neuquén Province, Aluminé, Quillén Lake, lichen on tree. Rossi et al. (2009) Record numbers: Argentina: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD17A714A85BDA856F1F5F4.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Argentina.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD17A724A85BEF15514F39B.taxon	description	Minibiotus constellatus n. sp. (Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2003 b) Terra typica: Peru (South America) Peru: • 09 ° 30 ′ S, 77 ° 26 ′ W; 4,000 m asl: Type Locality: Ancash Region, near Huaraz, mosses on rocks. Michalczyk & Kaczmarek (2003 b) Record numbers: Peru: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD17A724A85BEF15514F39B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Peru. Minibiotus constellatus is very similar to Minibiotus sidereus (described from Ecuador in the same year) and these two species require careful examination to ensure a correct identification.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD27A724A85B9135634F2B3.taxon	description	Minibiotus eichhorni sp. nov. (Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2004) Terra typica: Peru (South America) Peru: • 09 ° 30 ′ S, 77 ° 26 ′ W; 4,000 m asl: Type Locality: Ancash Region, near Huaraz, mosses on rocks. Michalczyk & Kaczmarek (2004) Record numbers: Peru: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD27A724A85B9135634F2B3.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Peru.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD27A724A85BA3155E9F586.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This largely Holarctic species (McInnes 1994 a) was re-described by Binda & Pilato (1992). Comparing specimens from Rancagua, Chile (Ramazzotti 1962 a) Binda & Pilato (1992) ascribed the Chilean samples to a new species (see: M. ramazzotti below). This suggests that all South American Minibiotus furcatus records should be verified.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD27A6C4A85BEF855EEF593.taxon	description	Macr. intermedius n. sp. (Plate 1888) Makrobiotus intermedius Plate (Richters 1911 a)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFD27A6C4A85BEF855EEF593.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Originally described from Chile, Minibiotus intermedius was considered cosmopolitan (McInnes 1994 a) but modern taxonomy shows it to be a species complex (Claxton 1998). Non-Neotropical records of Minibiotus intermedius probably belong to other species, while other species, similar to Minibiotus intermedius, occur in South America. We suggest that all examples previously reported from South American should be re-examined. Montoya et al. (2010) only collected eggs in their studies, so their identification is uncertain. Ramazzotti (1964 a) did not find eggs and was thus unable to confirm whether his specimens belong to M. intermedius or M. subintermedius.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFCC7A6D4A85BF1A5625F39B.taxon	description	Macrobiotus intermedius julietae n. var. (de Barros 1942 b) Terra typica: Brazil (South America) Brazil: • 23 ° 20 ′ S, 46 ° 35 ′ W; 800 m asl: Type Locality: São Paulo State, Juquerí. de Barros (1942 b) • 23 ° 32 ′ S, 46 ° 47 ′ W; 750 m asl: São Paulo State, Osasco. de Barros (1942 b) Record numbers: Brazil: 2; total: 2.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFCC7A6D4A85BF1A5625F39B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Brazil.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFCD7A6D4A85B91356C9F1D9.taxon	description	Macrobiotus marcusi n. sp. (de Barros 1942 b)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFCD7A6D4A85B91356C9F1D9.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to South America.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFCD7A6D4A85BAD3579EF76A.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Until Lisi et al. (2014) reported only from the type locale in Australia. Colombian examples correspond to the original description but as eggs were not found, the record is uncertain. Further study is necessary to confirm the presence of this species in South America (Lisi et al. 2014).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFCD7A6D4A85BC46507FF620.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The limited number of records from Europe, North and South America and, in particular the Chilean example, should be compared with the type material to confirm this report.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFCD7A6D4A85BD8B563DF59D.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Chile.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFCD7A6E4A85BEE85755F3B6.taxon	description	Minibiotus sidereus sp. n. (Pilato et al. 2003 a) Terra typica: Ecuador (South America) Ecuador: • 00 ° 22 ′ S, 78 ° 09 ′ W; 4,000 m asl: Type Locality: Napo Province, Papallacta Pass, moss (Leptodontium viticulosoides). Pilato et al. (2003 a) • 00 ° 35 ′ S, 77 ° 52 ′ W; 1,950 m asl: Napo Province, Cosanga, moss (Entodon abbreviatus). Pilato et al. (2003 a) Record numbers: Ecuador: 2; total: 2.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFCD7A6E4A85BEE85755F3B6.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Ecuador, Minibiotus sidereus is very similar to Minibiotus constellatus (described from Peru in the same year), and these two species require careful examination to ensure a correct identification (see remarks for M. constellatus above).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFCE7A6E4A85B9365132F6EB.taxon	description	Macrobiotus subintermedius spec. nov. (Ramazzotti 1962 a) Macrobiotus subintermedius Ramazzotti, 1962 (Ramazzotti 1964 a) Macrobiotus intermedius (o subintermedius?) (Ramazzotti 1964 b) Macrobiotus subintermedius (Ramazzotti 1964 b)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFCE7A6E4A85B9365132F6EB.taxon	discussion	Remarks: A Neotropical species with a doubtful report from Finland) (McInnes 1994 a). It seems that this species is limited to South America. The Ramazzotti (1964 a) report is uncertain as he did not find eggs and thus was not able to confirm whether his specimens belong to M. intermedius or M. subintermedius (see remarks for M. intermedius above).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFCE7A6F4A85BE3D56C1F4BC.taxon	description	Makrobiotus aff. areolatus Murray (Richters 1911 a)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFCE7A6F4A85BE3D56C1F4BC.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The genus Paramacrobiotus (until recently a species group within Macrobiotus) is currently divided into two groups: richtersi and areolatus (with and without macroplacoid, respectively). P. areolatus, once considered cosmopolitan (McInnes 1994 a), is now recognised as the nominal species for a group of very similar taxa that require careful taxonomic examination of adults and egg morphology for correct identification. Recently, new species belonging to the areolatus group have been described from Central and South America (e. g. Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2006 b, Degma et al. 2008, Kaczmarek et al. 2014 b). In the light of these reports and because P. areolatus was originally described from the Arctic, we feel all records of this species from South America should be treated with caution until relevant examples are re-examined or the presence in the region is otherwise verified.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFC87A684A85B88056D3F2BD.taxon	description	Macrobiotus centesimus sp. n. (Pilato 2000) Terra typica: Brazil and Ecuador (South America) Brazil: • 25 ° 41 ′ S, 54 ° 26 ′ W; 200 m asl: Type Locality: Paraná State, Iguaçu Falls, moss. Pilato (2000) Ecuador: • 0 ° 09 ′ S, 78 ° 32 ′ W [00 ° 09 ′ S, 78 ° 32 ′ W]; 3,800 m asl: Pichincha Province, Pichincha Volcano (eastern slope), soil sample. Pilato (2000) Record numbers: Brazil: 1, Ecuador: 1; total: 2.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFC87A684A85B88056D3F2BD.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to South America, this species belongs to the Paramacrobiotus richtersi group (see: P. areolatus above and P. richtersi below).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFC87A684A85BA3556D2F71B.taxon	description	Macrobiotus danielae n. sp. (Pilato et al. 2001)	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFC87A684A85BA3556D2F71B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to South America, this species belongs to the Paramacrobiotus richtersi group (see: P. areolatus above and P. richtersi below).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFC87A684A85BC9356F7F6EC.taxon	description	Macrobiotus derkai sp. nov. (Degma et al. 2008) Terra typica: Colombia (South America) Colombia: • 06 ° 26 ′ N, 72 ° 15 ′ W; 4,300 m asl: Arauca Department, Cordillera Oriental, Sierra Nevada del Cocuy National Park, near Laguna de la Plaza (mountain lake), moss on rock. Degma et al. (2008) Record numbers: Peru: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFC87A684A85BC9356F7F6EC.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Colombia, this species belongs to the Paramacrobiotus richtersi group (see: P. areolatus above and P. richtersi below).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFC87A684A85BDC656F7F5A1.taxon	description	Paramacrobiotus intii sp. nov. (Kaczmarek et al. 2014 b) Terra typica: Peru (South America) Peru: • 13 ° 25 ′ S, 71 ° 51 ′ W; 3,000 m asl: Type Locality: Cusco Region, Pisac near Cusco, mixed mosses and lichens on rock. Kaczmarek et al. (2014 b) Record numbers: Peru: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFC87A684A85BDC656F7F5A1.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Peru, this species belongs to the Paramacrobiotus areolatus group (see: P. areolatus above and P. richtersi below).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFC87A6B4A85BF09507BF20E.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Paramacrobiotus richtersi was, until recently, believed to be cosmopolitan (McInnes 1994 a). New taxonomic data has shown that this is the nominal species for a species complex – the ‘ richtersi group’ – requiring careful examination of both adults and eggs. Several newly described species of this group have been added to the faunas of South and Central America (e. g. Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2006 b, Michalczyk et al. 2006, Pilato et al. 2006). In the light of these reports, and given P. richtersi was originally described from Europe, we suggest all species records from South America should be treated with caution until the original slides are re-examined or the species is otherwise verified from the region.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFCB7A6B4A85B978564BF1C0.taxon	description	Macrobiotus rioplatensis sp. n. (Claps & Rossi 1997) Terra typica: Uruguay (South America) Uruguay: • 34 ° 25 ′ S, 57 ° 44 ′ W; 50 m asl: Type Locality: Colonia Department, Riachuelo, 223 km W of Montevideo, lichens on tree on the banks of the Rio de la Plata. Claps & Rossi (1997) Record numbers: Uruguay: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFCB7A6B4A85B978564BF1C0.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Colombia, this species belongs to the Paramacrobiotus areolatus group (see: P. areolatus and P. richtersi above).	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFCB7A6B4A85BB3055B0F708.taxon	discussion	Remarks: With a largely Holarctic distribution (McInnes 1994 a), this Colombian record appears anomalous and requires confirmation.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFCB7A6B4A85BCC857E3F6B6.taxon	description	Macrobiotus tridigitus Schuster, new species (Schuster 1983) Schusterius tridigitus (Schuster, 1983) comb. nov. (Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2006 b) Terra typica: Argentina (South America) Argentina: • 54 ° 47 ′ S, 68 ° 24 ′ W; 2,000 – 2,500 ft asl / 600 – 750 m asl: Type Locality: Tierra del Fuego Province, Sierra Martial, cryptogams from tree line. Schuster (1983), Kaczmarek & Michalczyk (2006 b) Record numbers: Argentina: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFCB7A6B4A85BCC857E3F6B6.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This monotypic genus is currently endemic to Argentina.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFCB7A644A85BEB855C2F2D3.taxon	discussion	Remarks: With a largely Palaearctic or high latitude Holarctic distribution (McInnes 1994 a) the limited South American reports appear anomalous. Dactylobiotus species require careful analysis of both adults and eggs for confident identification (e. g. Kaczmarek et al. 2012 b). We suggest these South American reports require further investigation.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFC47A644A85BCA5553FF540.taxon	description	Dactylobiotus caldarellai n. sp. (Binda & Pilato 1994) Terra typica: Chile (South America) Chile: • 53 ° 08 ′ S, 705 ° 4 ′ W; 0 m asl: Type Locality: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Punta Arenas. Pilato & Binda (1994) • 53 ° 53 ′ S, 68 ° 54 ′ W; 100 m asl: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Rio Grande. Pilato & Binda (1994) Record numbers: Chile: 2; total: 2.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFC47A644A85BCA5553FF540.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Chile; it is possible some other South American Dactylobiotus records relate to this species.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFC47A644A85B9DB562EF7CD.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species was indicated as present in South America by Murray (1910, species distribution tables) but without specific localities or references. Dacylobiotus species require careful analysis of adults and eggs (e. g. Kaczmarek et al. 2012 b). This species has a largely Holarctic distribution (McInnes 1994 a), so these reports require further investigation.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFC47A644A85BE2A553FF415.taxon	description	Dactylobiotus lombardoi sp. n. (Binda & Pilato 1999 a) Terra typica: Chile (South America) Chile: • 54 ° 31 ′ S, 66 ° 21 ′ W; 0 m asl: Type Locality: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Rio Irgoyen. Pilato & Binda (1999 a) Record numbers: Chile: 1; total: 1.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFC47A644A85BE2A553FF415.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Currently endemic to Chile; it is possible some other South American Dactylobiotus records relate to this species.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFC47A654A85BF9D5780F236.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This is the nominal species of the genus, with as yet an uncertain diagnosis (e. g. Murray 1907 f, Binda & Pilato 1999 a, Kaczmarek et al. 2012 b). Known mainly from the Holarctic (McInnes 1994 a) and, according to Marcus (1936), this Daday (1905) report should be considered doubtful.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFC57A654A85B9B05707F069.taxon	discussion	Remarks: With a narrow Southern European distribution (McInnes 1994 a) these South American reports are anomalous. Dacylobiotus species require careful analysis of both adults and eggs (e. g. Kaczmarek et al. 2012 b), and we suggest these reports require further analysis.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
038FA02EFFC57A654A85BBBB5735F59C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: A largely Holarctic species (McInnes 1994 a) suggest the South American records may be anomalous, and could indicate new taxa closely related to M. pullari.	en	Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz, Mcinnes, Sandra J. (2015): Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa 3923 (1): 1-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
