taxonID	type	description	language	source
038C879A5F42FF9EFBFFFCF1FAD2FC39.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES. — Sirodotia suecica Kylin, Nova acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis Ser. IV, 3: 38 (1912).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F42FF9EFBFFFCF1FAD2FC39.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — The genus has been collected in temperate, tropical, subtropical and sub-polar regions of North and South America, Africa, Asia, Australasia and Europe.	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F42FF9EFBFFFCF1FAD2FC39.taxon	description	Revised description Plants monoecious, dioecious or polyoecious, bluish green to yellowish green; branching irregular; whorls well-developed or reduced, contiguous or separated, obconical or pear-shaped; cortical filaments of the main axis well-developed, one or two layers; primary fascicles with cells variable in shape, cylindrical, ellipsoidal, obovoid, subspherical or spherical; secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire or two-thirds of internode, equal to or less than the length of the primary fascicles; spermatangia spherical, subspherical or obovoid on primary or secondary fascicles; carpogonial branches well-differentiated from the fascicles, straight, rarely curved, developing from the periaxial, proximal, median and distal cells of primary fascicles or cortical filaments, rarely on the secondary fascicles, short, composed of disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments few and short, composed 1 - 4 cylindrical or ellipsoidal cells; carpogonia asymmetrical, with a hemispherical protuberance in the basal portion; trichogynes sessile and cylindrical, cylindrical-elongated, conical-elongated, clavate, fusiform, lageniform or ellipsoidal, with or without wavy margins; carposporophyte diffuse extending along the internode; gonimoblast filaments develop on the same side or opposite side of the basal protuberance of the carpogonium; gonimoblast filaments prostrate and indeterminate, composed of 1 - 5 cylindrical cells, producing short, erect branches, formed by cylindrical or ellipsoidal cells, with terminal or sub-terminal carposporangia; carposporangia large or small, obovoidal, ellipsoidal or subspherical. Diagnostic characters The genus is characterized by diffuse carposporophytes composed of prostrate gonimoblast filaments producing short, erect filaments with terminal carposporangia; and asymmetric carpogonium, with a semi-spherical basal protuberance; the shape of the whorls (obconical or pear-shaped) can be used as a complementary character; however, it is not exclusive to the genus and can be observed in species of Kumanoa (Necchi & Vis 2012), Paludicola (Vis et al. 2020) and to varying degrees in other genera of Batrachospermales.	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F42FF9EFBFFFCF1FAD2FC39.taxon	discussion	KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS SiRodoTia KYLIN	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F41FF9FFEB0F9D7FF45FE7A.taxon	description	(Fig. 3 A-E)	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F41FF9FFEB0F9D7FF45FE7A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE. — O. Necchi Jr., 27. IX. 2010, (holo-, SJRP [SJRP 31924]). TYPE LOCALITY. — Brazil, Mato Grosso, River Rosana, Route BR- 163, between Sinop and Sorriso; 11 ° 57 ’ 26 ” S, 55 ° 31 ’ 01 ” W. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — SJRP 32139, SJRP 32140, SJRP 32576, SJRP 32577, and SJRP 32578 (Appendix 1).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F41FF9FFEB0F9D7FF45FE7A.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The species epithet indicates that the alga occurs in the Amazonian region in Brazil.	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F41FF9FFEB0F9D7FF45FE7A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — South America: Brazil (mid-western and northern Brazil). REPRESENTATIVE DNA SEQUENCES. — COI- 5 P (KF 010489, KF 010490, MW 053464), rbc L (KC 951866, KC 951867, MW 053480) and LSU (BR 14, BR 15, MW 053499).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F41FF9FFEB0F9D7FF45FE7A.taxon	description	Description Plants monoecious or dioecious; whorls 249 - 491 µm in diameter; primary fascicles, 4 - 8 cells; proximal cells cylindrical or ellipsoidal; distal cells spherical, subspherical, obovoidal or ellipsoidal; secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode; spermatangia spherical or obovoidal, 1 - 3 in a group, few or abundant on primary or secondary fascicles, 6 - 9 µm in diameter; carpogonial branches composed of 1 - 4 disc- or barrel shaped cells, arising from periaxial or proximal cells of primary fascicles, rarely on the secondary fascicles or cortical filaments, short, 8.5 - 25 µm in length; carpogonia with sessile, elongate cylindrical (with wave margins) or fusiform trichogynes, 35 - 58 (- 62) µm in length, 8 - 14 (- 15) µm in diameter; gonimoblast initial developing from the protuberant side of the carpogonium; gonimoblast filaments prostrate with erect branches of 1 - 4 cells; carposporangia obovoidal or subspherical, 10 - 18 (- 19) µm in length, (7 -) 8 - 13 µm in diameter.	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F41FF9FFEB0F9D7FF45FE7A.taxon	discussion	Remarks The phylogeography study by Paiano & Necchi (2013) showed the existence of two cryptic species in Brazil. No morphological characteristics were observed to distinguish them, but a high interspecific divergence (2.3 - 3.0 % for rbc L and 4.4 - 6.2 % COI- 5 P). We conclude they are distinct. Sirodotia amazonica Necchi, N. L. Rossignolo & M. O. Paiano, sp. nov. is very similar to two species found in Brazil, S. delicatuliformis Necchi, N. L. Rossignolo & M. O. Paiano, sp. nov. and S. cryptica Necchi, N. L. Rossignolo & M. O. Paiano, sp. nov., overlapping for most morphometric and morphological characters. However, S. amazonica Necchi, N. L. Rossignolo & M. O. Paiano, sp. nov. is distinguishable from S. delicatuliformis sp. nov. based on the wider carposporangia (8 - 13 versus 6 - 8.5 (- 9.5) µm in diameter).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F40FF9FFED1FD90FB76FDDA.taxon	description	(Fig. 3 F-J)	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F40FF9FFED1FD90FB76FDDA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE. — T. A. Dempster, 24. IV. 2011 (holo-, BHO [BHO- 0437]). TYPE LOCALITY. — United States, Arizona, outlet canal of Montezuma; 34 ° 38 ’ 57 ” N, 111 ° 45 ’ 08 ” W. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — BHO A- 0410, MEX 1.	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F40FF9FFED1FD90FB76FDDA.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The species epithet indicates that the alga is known from North America.	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F40FF9FFED1FD90FB76FDDA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — North America: Mexico and the United States (Arizona and Texas). REPRESENTATIVE DNA SEQUENCES. — COI- 5 P (MW 053469, MW 053470, EU 636739) and rbc L (JN 408523, JF 344716, AF 126414).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F40FF9FFED1FD90FB76FDDA.taxon	description	Description Plants dioecious; whorls 408 - 675 µm in diameter; primary fascicles 7 - 12 cells; proximal cells cylindrical or ellipsoidal; distal cells subspherical, ellipsoidal or obovoidal; secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode; spermatangia spherical or obovoidal, 1 - 3, few or abundant on primary or secondary fascicles, 5 - 7 (- 8) µm in diameter; carpogonial branches composed of 1 - 3 disc- or barrel shaped cells, arising from periaxial or proximal cells, short, 11 - 14 µm long; carpogonia with sessile, elongate cylindrical (with wavy margins) or fusiform trichogynes, 29 - 42 µm in length, 6 - 7.5 µm in diameter; gonimoblast initial developing from the protuberant side of the carpogonium; gonimoblast filaments with erect branches of 2 - 5 cells; carposporangia obovoidal, 10 - 13 µm in length, 6 - 8 µm in diameter.	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F40FF9FFED1FD90FB76FDDA.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species has been reported as S. huillensis (Necchi et al. 1993; Vis & Sheath 1999; Lam et. al. 2012) from North America. It has been described as having spermatangia arranged in clusters. However, this arrangement was not confirmed in this species and we have observed only abundant spermantangia in some specimens. The true arrangement in clusters in Sirodotia was observed only in S. assamica. S. aquiloamericana specimens are genetically divergent from those of S. huillensis from Africa. Thus, the North American material represents a distinct species that is here described. This species is most closely comparable to S. delicatuliformis Necchi, N. L. Rossignolo & M. O. Paiano, sp. nov. based on the narrow carposporangia, 6 - 8.5 (- 9.5) µm in diameter. However, S. aquiloamericana differs from S. delicatuliformis sp. nov. in having wider whorls (408 - 675 versus 169 - 491 µm in diameter) and geographical distribution (arid regions of North America versus southern North American and South America).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F40FF99FBECFD30FD08FE3B.taxon	description	(Fig. 4 A-E) Phytotaxa 437: 125 (2020).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F40FF99FBECFD30FD08FE3B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE. — F. Yasmin, 25. II. 2019 (holo-, SJRP [SJRP 32584]). TYPE LOCALITY. — India, Assam, Nagaon District, Chapanalla; 26 ° 19 ’ 13.7 ” N, 92 ° 10 ’ 16.5 ” E. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — SJRP 32583, SJRP 32585 (Appendix 1).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F40FF99FBECFD30FD08FE3B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Asia, India (northeastern). REPRESENTATIVE DNA SEQUENCES. — COI- 5 P (MN 508239, MN 508240) and rbc L (MN 496129, MN 496130).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F40FF99FBECFD30FD08FE3B.taxon	description	Description Plants dioecious or monoecious; whorls 400 - 665 µm in diameter; primary fascicles, 6 - 11 (- 12) cells; proximal cells cylindrical or ellipsoidal; distal cells obovoidal or ellipsoidal; secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode; spermatangia spherical, arranged in clusters on primary or secondary fascicles, 6 - 8 µm in diameter; carpogonial branches straight or slightly curved, short, composed of 1 - 5 (- 6) discor barrel shaped cells; arising from periaxial cells of primary fascicles, 7 - 23 µm in length; carpogonia with sessile, elongate cylindrical, ellipsoidal or lageniform trichogynes, 37 - 64 µm in length, 10 - 14 (- 16) µm in diameter; gonimoblast initial developing from the protuberant side of the carpogonium; gonimoblast filaments with erect branches of 1 - 4 cells; carposporangia obovoidal, 11 - 14 µm in length, 6 - 8 µm in diameter.	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F40FF99FBECFD30FD08FE3B.taxon	discussion	Remarks A distinguishing feature of Sirodotia assamica is the occurrence of spermatangia arranged in clusters, thus far not confirmed for any other species of Sirodotia. It is most closely comparable to S. delicatula based on other vegetative and reproductive characteristics and its occurrence in or near India (Appendix 6). Sirodotia assamica differs from S. delicatula in having spermatangia in clusters, larger whorls (400 - 665 µm versus 137 - 433 µm in diameter), distal fascicles cells ellipsoidal or obovoid (L / D 1.3 - 2.1) in S. assamica and subspherical or obovoid (L / D 1.1 - 1.7) in S. delicatula and the known geographic distribution restricted to northeastern India.	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F46FF99FE80FE53FDB7F8C0.taxon	description	(Fig. 4 F-J)	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F46FF99FE80FE53FDB7F8C0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE. — F. R. Borges, 15. IV. 2014, (SJRP [SJRP 32575]). TYPE LOCALITY. — Brazil, Goiás, Highway GO- 070, between the municipalities of Jussara and Itaberaí; 16 ° 00 ’ 32.7 ” S, 48 ° 55 ’ 55.9 ” W. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — SJRP 31923 and SJRP 31925 (Appendix 1).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F46FF99FE80FE53FDB7F8C0.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The species epithet indicates that the alga is cryptic with another species described in this study (S. amazonica Necchi, N. L. Rossignolo & M. O. Paiano, sp. nov.).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F46FF99FE80FE53FDB7F8C0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — South America, Brazil (midwestern).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F46FF99FE80FE53FDB7F8C0.taxon	discussion	REPRESENTATIVE DNA SEQUENCES. — COI- 5 P (KF 010488, KF 010491, MW 053463,), rbc L (KC 951865, KC 951869, MW 053479) and LSU (MW 053494, MW 053495, MW 053498).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F46FF99FE80FE53FDB7F8C0.taxon	description	Description Plants monoecious or dioecious; whorls 223 - 559 µm in diameter; primary fascicles (4 -) 5 - 10 (- 11) cells; proximal cells cylindrical or ellipsoidal; distal cells spherical, ellipsoidal or obovoidal; secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode; spermatangia spherical or obovoidal, 1 - 3 in a group, few or abundant on primary or secondary fascicles, 6 - 9 µm in diameter; carpogonial branches composed of 1 - 4 disc- or barrel shaped cells, arising from periaxial, proximal or median cells of primary fascicles, rarely on the secondary fascicles or cortical filaments, short, 10 - 25 µm long; carpogonia with sessile, elongate cylindrical (with wavy margins), elongate-conical or fusiform trichogynes, sometimes with anomalous shapes (bent end), (24 -) 26 - 58 µm in length, 9 - 13 (- 15) µm in diameter; gonimoblast initial developing from the protuberant side of the carpogonium; gonimoblast filaments prostrate with erect branches of 2 - 5 cells; carposporangia subspherical, ellipsoidal or obovoidal, 10 - 17 µm in length, (7 -) 8 - 11 µm in diameter.	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F46FF99FE80FE53FDB7F8C0.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species is morphologically indistinguishable from S. amazonica Necchi, N. L. Rossignolo & M. O. Paiano, sp. nov. that also occurs in Brazil, but is genetically divergence and thus, it is here described as a new species.	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F46FF9BFC07FF72FE10FD5B.taxon	description	(Fig. 5 A-E) Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplement 15: 614 (Skuja 1938). — Batrachospermum delicatulum (Skuja) Necchi & Entwisle, Phycologia 29: 486 (1990).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F46FF9BFC07FF72FE10FD5B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE. — D. L. Sunda-Expedition, 19. IX. 1928 (lecto-, UPS [UPS A- 003747]). TYPE LOCALITY. — Indonesia, Java Island, Bogor, Tijiliwong; 6 ° 35 ’ 21 ” S, 106 ° 48 ’ 19 ” E. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — BHO A- 0984 (Appendix 1).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F46FF9BFC07FF72FE10FD5B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Asia: Indonesia, Japan and Malaysia. REPRESENTATIVE DNA SEQUENCES. — COI- 5 P (MW 176122), rbc L (KF 557560) and LSU (MW 053507). Revised description Plants monoecious or dioecious; whorls 137 - 484 µm in diameter; primary fascicles, 5 - 10 cells; proximal cells cylindrical or ellipsoidal; distal cells subspherical or obovoidal; secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode; spermatangia spherical or obovoidal, 1 - 3, few or abundant on primary fascicles, (4 -) 7 - 8 µm in diameter; carpogonial branches composed of 2 - 5 (- 7) disc- or barrel shaped cells, arising from the periaxial or middle cells of the primary fascicles, short, 8 - 17 (- 20) µm in length; carpogonia with sessile, elongate cylindrical (with wavy margins), fusiform, ellipsoidal or clavate trichogynes, (19 -) 24 - 70 µm in length, 5 - 13 µm in diameter; gonimoblast initial developing from the protuberant side of the carpogonium; gonimoblast filaments with erect branches of 2 - 4 cells; carposporangia obovoidal, (8 -) 10 - 16 µm in length, 5 - 10 µm in diameter.	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F46FF9BFC07FF72FE10FD5B.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species is morphologically similar to four species of Sirodotia (S. delicatuliformis Necchi, N. L. Rossignolo & M. O. Paiano, sp. nov., S. amazonica Necchi, N. L. Rossignolo & M. O. Paiano, sp. nov., S. cryptica Necchi, N. L. Rossignolo & M. O. Paiano, sp. nov. and S. aquiloamericana). Like these species, it has large carposporangia, spermatangia single or in pairs on primary fascicles and gonimoblast initial developing from the protuberant side of carpogonium. It is distinguishable from those species only in its geographic distribution (restricted to Asia versus Americas). Sirodotia delicatula has been recorded from Indonesia and Japan and more recently reported from Malaysia including rbc L sequences (Johnston et al. 2014). It had been previously reported in South America (Brazil) (Necchi 1991; Necchi et al. 1993, 2007; Paiano & Necchi 2013). However, Asian specimens are distinguishable from South American ones based on the divergences in the DNA sequences and in the known geographic distribution (Asia versus South America). Since Malaysia is closer to the type locality, the Asian specimens are regarded as representing the species. Sirodotia ateleia Skuja was considered a synonym of S. delicatula by Umezaki (1960) and Necchi (1991) based on a combination of morphological characters. On the other hand, based on the examination of North America populations identified as S. huillensis and the type of S. ateleia, Necchi et al. (1993) considered these two taxa to be synonymous by the size and shape of the whorls. In this study we followed the proposal by Umezaki (1960) and Necchi (1991) of S. ateleia being synonymous with S. delicatula based on similarity of morphological characters and geographic distribution in Asia, although S. ateleia has longer carpogonia (42 - 70 µm versus (19 -) 24 - 57 µm in length).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F44FF85FEDEFCB0FD4BF887.taxon	description	(Fig. 5 F-L)	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F44FF85FEDEFCB0FD4BF887.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE. — O. Necchi Jr., 25. VI. 2008, (holo-, SJRP [SJRP 31918]. TYPE LOCALITY. — Brazil, São Paulo State, Mirassol, São José dos Dourados River; 20 ° 48 ’ 45 ” S, 49 ° 34 ’ 29 ” W.	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F44FF85FEDEFCB0FD4BF887.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — South America: Brazil (southeastern) and Central America: Costa Rica. REPRESENTATIVE DNA SEQUENCES. — COI- 5 P (KF 010483, KF 010486 e KF 010487), rbc L (KC 951857, KC 951858, KC 951863) and LSU (MW 053486, MW 053487, MW 053491).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F44FF85FEDEFCB0FD4BF887.taxon	description	ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — SJRP 23450, SJRP 23501, SJRP 31915, SJRP 31916, SJRP 31917, SJRP 31919, SJRP 31920, SJRP 31921, SJRP 31922, SJRP 32156, SJRP 32579 and SJRP 32580 (Appendix 1).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F44FF85FEDEFCB0FD4BF887.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The species epithet indicates that the alga is morphologically very similar to S. delicatula.	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F44FF85FEDEFCB0FD4BF887.taxon	description	Description Plants monoecious, dioecious or polyoecious; whorls 169 - 491 µm in diameter; primary fascicles 5 - 10 (- 13) cells; proximal cells cylindrical, ellipsoidal or obovoidal; distal cells obovoidal, ellipsoidal or spherical; secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode; spermatangia spherical or obovoidal, single or in pairs on primary or secondary fascicles, 5 - 8 (- 8.5) µm in diameter; carpogonial branches composed of 0 - 4 disc- or barrel shaped cells, arising from periaxial, proximal or distal cells of primary fascicles, rarely on secondary fascicles or cortical filaments, short, 6 - 22 µm in length; carpogonia with sessile, elongate cylindrical (with wavy margins) or fusiform trichogynes, sometimes with anomalous shapes (bifurcated or with bent end), (20 -) 22 - 55 (- 59) µm in length, 8 - 14 (- 16) µm in diameter; gonimoblast initial developing from the protuberant side of the carpogonium; gonimoblast filaments with erect branches of 1 - 4 cells; carposporangia obovoidal or ellipsoidal, 11 - 16 µm in length, 6 - 8.5 (- 9.5) µm in diameter.	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F44FF85FEDEFCB0FD4BF887.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species has been previously reported as S. delicatula (Necchi 1991; Necchi et. al 1993; 2007) from South and North America. Based on recent studies including molecular data (Paiano & Necchi 2013; Johnston et al. 2014; this study), the sequences from South and North America were showed to be genetically divergent from the sequence of S. delicatula from Malaysia. Thus, it represents a distinct species that is here described. The species is highly divergent in sequence from S. delicatula. However, these two species are morphologically very similar with considerable overlap for all morphological characters, but the disjunct geographic distribution that can be applied as criterion to distinguish them. In addition, this species formed a lineage with three other species (S. amazonica Necchi, N. L. Rossignolo & M. O. Paiano, sp. nov., S. cryptica Necchi, N. L. Rossignolo & M. O. Paiano, sp. nov. and S. aquiloamericana) from North and South America. The morphology among these species is similar, but S. delicatuliformis Necchi, N. L. Rossignolo & M. O. Paiano, sp. nov. is distinguishable from S. amazonica and S. cryptica based on the narrow carposporangia (6 - 8.5 (- 9.5) versus 8 - 13 µm in diameter), and from S. aquiloamericana by having smaller whorls (169 - 491 versus 408 - 675 µm in diameter). Sirodotia huillensis (Welwitsch ex West & G. S. West) Skuja (Fig. 6 A-E) Archiv für Protistenkunde 74: 304 (Skuja 1931). — Batrachospermum huillense Welwitsch ex West & G. S. West, Journal of Botany 35: 3 (West & West 1897). TYPE. — F. M. J. Welwitsch, V. 1860 (holo-, BM [BM 001043858]; iso-, LISU). TYPE LOCALITY. — Africa, Angola, Huila, Lopollo, 14 ° 47 ’ 51 ” S, 14 ° 40 ’ 03 ” E. ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED. — BHO A- 1447 (Appendix 1). DISTRIBUTION. — Africa: Angola, Madagascar, Reunion, South Africa. R EPRESENTATIVE DNA SEQUENCES. — COI- 5 P (MN 974523) and rbc L (JF 344717). Revised description Plants monoecious or dioecious; whorls 162 - 364 µm in diameter; primary fascicles (5 -) 6 - 10 cells; proximal cells cylindrical, ellipsoidal or obovoidal; distal cells subspherical, obovoidal or ellipsoidal; secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode; spermatangia spherical, 1 - 3, few or abundant on primary fascicles, 5 - 7 µm in diameter; carpogonial branches composed of 1 - 3 disc- or barrel shaped cells, arising from periaxial or distal cells of primary fascicles, short, 5 - 14 µm in length; carpogonia with sessile, elongate cylindrical (with wavy margins), ellipsoidal, fusiform or lageniform trichogynes, 28.5 - 48 µm in length, 5.5 - 12 µm in diameter; gonimoblast initial developing from the protuberant side of the carpogonium; gonimoblast filaments with erect branches of 2 - 4 cells; carposporangia obovoidal, 8 - 10 µm in length, 5 - 8 µm in diameter. Remarks This species is most closely comparable to S. kennedyi based on the reduced whorls (162 - 364 µm in diameter), shorter carposporangia (8 - 10 um in length) and geographic distribution (occurrence in Africa). However, S. huillensis differs from S. kennedyi in having a greater number of cells in primary fascicle (5 - 9 (- 10) versus 3 - 5), a small number of cells in the carpogonial branches (1 - 3 versus 3 - 4), a shorter carpogonial branch (5 - 14 versus 16 - 22 µm in length) and a greater number of cells in the erect gonimoblast filament (2 - 4 versus 1 - 2, Appendices 4 - 6). In addition, they are genetically divergent. In the description of this species from Africa (Madagascar and Reunion) bySkuja (1931) and then later by Necchi et al. (1993) in specimens from North America (Arizona and Texas), this species was reported to have spermatangia arranged in clusters. However, this type of arrangement, characterized by the terminal and subterminal cells bearing two to four spermatangia, was not confirmed in the type or protologue. That arrangement of spermatangia in clusters was observed only in S. assamica, whereas in some populations of S. huillensis only abundant and densely arranged spermatangia were found. The species referred by Lam et al. (2012) as S. aff. huillensis (BHO A- 1447), which was analyzed in this study, could not be conclusively identified based on morphology for the limited morphological characters provided or examined. Phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data (Lam et al. 2012; this study) of the specimen referred to as S. aff. huillensis collected in South Africa was genetically distinct from specimens described as S. huillensis from North America. Therefore, the specimen, S. aff. huillensis, collected closer to type locality of S. huillensis, is interpreted as S. huillensis and the North American specimens represent another species (S. aquiloamericana).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F5AFF85FCABFF72FB81FA66.taxon	description	(Fig. 6 G-I) Phycologia 194 (2020). S. masoalensis E. Fischer, D. Killmann & D. Quandt, Plant and Fungal Systematics 65: 164 (Fischer et al. 2020).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F5AFF85FCABFF72FB81FA66.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE. — Coll. M. P. Kennedy, 07. VII. 2011 (holo-, SANDC [SANDC 19 - 566]; iso-, BHO [BHO A- 0946]). TYPE LOCALITY. — Zambia, Mutinondo River, Mutinondo Wilderness, 12 ° 16.101 ’ S, 31 ° 22.869 ’ E.	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F5AFF85FCABFF72FB81FA66.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Africa: Zambia and Madagascar. REPRESENTATIVE DNA SEQUENCES. — COI- 5 P (MT 109276), rbc L (MN 974518, MT 109266).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F5AFF85FCABFF72FB81FA66.taxon	description	Description Plants dioecious; whorls 115 - 315 µm in diameter; primary fascicles, 3 - 5 cells; proximal cells cylindrical or ellipsoidal; distal cells obovoidal or ellipsoidal; secondary fascicles present, covering half to the entire internode; spermatangia spherical, on primary or secondary fascicles, 6 - 8 µm in diameter; carpogonial branches composed of 3 - 4 disc- or barrel shaped cells, arising from proximal cells of primary fascicles, short, 16 - 22 µm in length; carpogonia with sessile, elongate pear-shaped, elongate conical or irregularly shaped trichogynes, 25 - 40 µm in length, 7 - 11 µm in diameter; gonimoblast filaments with erect branches of one cell; carposporangia obovoidal or ellipsoidal, 9 - 10 µm in length, 5 - 7 µm in diameter.	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F5AFF85FCABFF72FB81FA66.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species was recently described by Szinte et al. (2020) and it is most closely comparable to S. huillensis based on the reduced whorls (162 - 364 µm in diameter), shorter carposporangia (8 - 10 µm in length, respectively) and the occurrence in Africa. Sirodotia kennedyi differs from S. huillensis in number of primary fascicle cells, 3 - 5 versus 5 - 9 (- 10), respectively. In addition, they are genetically divergent. The recently described species S. masoalensis did not differ from S. kennedyi in morphology and DNA sequence and is here proposed as a synonym.	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F5AFF87FC17F997FB03FC04.taxon	description	(Fig. 6 J-N) Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis, ser IV, 3: 38 (Kylin 1912). — Batrachospermum suecicum (Kylin) Necchi & Entwisle, Phycologia 29: 486 (1990).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F5AFF87FC17F997FB03FC04.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE. — H. Kylin, 3. VIII. 1909 (lecto-, LD; isolecto-, UPS [UPS A- 653877]). TYPE LOCALITY. — Sweden, Skäne, Osby; 56 ° 23 ’ 01 ” N, 13 ° 59 ’ 34 ” E. ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED. — BHO A- 0264, SJRP 32581, SJRP 32582, SJRP 32583, NSW 799516, MEL 2033246 A, 2268154 A, WELT A 027220 (Appendix 1).	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F5AFF87FC17F997FB03FC04.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe and North America. R EPRESENTATIVE DNA SEQUENCES. — COI- 5 P (MW 053472, MW 053473, MW 053474), rbc L (MW 053484, JF 344724, JF 344725) and LSU (MW 053504, MW 053505). Revised description Plants monoecious or dioecious; whorls (85 -) 135 - 850 µm in diameter; primary fascicles, 4 - 12 (- 13) cells; proximal cells cylindrical, obovoidal, ellipsoidal, fusiform or ovoidal; distal cells ellipsoidal, obovoidal or subspherical; secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode; spermatangia spherical or ellipsoidal, 1 - 3, few or abundant on primary or secondary fascicles, (4 -) 5 - 9 µm in diameter; carpogonial branches composed of (1 -) 2 - 9 disc- or barrel shaped cells, short, 5 - 40 µm long, arising from periaxial, proximal or median cells of primary fascicles and cortical filaments, rarely on secondary fascicles; carpogonia with sessile, elongate cylindrical, ellipsoidal, elongate pear-shaped or irregularly shaped trichogynes, (15 -) 19 - 48 µm in length, (4 -) 5 - 16 µm in diameter; gonimoblast initial developing from the nonprotuberant side of the carpogonium; gonimoblast filaments with erect branches of 2 - 9 cells; carposporangia obovoidal, ellipsoidal, spherical or pear-shaped, 10 - 21 µm in length, 6 - 11 µm in diameter.	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F5AFF87FC17F997FB03FC04.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species has a broad geographic distribution and a broad range for the morphological features. It is comparable to the other species with large carposporangia and spermatangia 1 - 3 on primary fascicles (e. g. S. delicatula, S. delicatuliformis Necchi, N. L. Rossignolo & M. O. Paiano, sp. nov., S. amazonica Necchi, N. L. Rossignolo & M. O. Paiano, sp. nov., S. cryptica Necchi, N. L. Rossignolo & M. O. Paiano, sp. nov. and S. aquiloamericana). The species is clearly differentiated by the unique character of gonimoblast initial developing from the non-protuberant side of the carpogonium. Molecular data also showed the species to be clearly distinct from all others in the genus (rbc L, COI- 5 P and LSU). The heterotypic synonyms considered in this study were based on the analysis of types, protologues and when possible, molecular data. The morphological characters used to distinguish these species (S. fennica, S. sinica, S. tenuissima, S. acuminata, S. segawae, S. yutakae and S. goebelii) overlap most characters (breeding system, internode length, carpogonial branch growth and length and carpogonia length) of S. suecica and they are not useful due to the variation observed across this species. Molecular data for S. tenuissima and S. goebelii showed these taxa to have very similar rbc L sequences to S. suecica (Lam et al. 2012). Based on the analysis of type specimens and protologues of S. segawae and S. yutakae, we did not confirm the existence of specialized spermatangial branches on primary fascicles and secondary fascicles (S. yutakae) or on specialized filaments on cortical filaments or on shortened involucral filaments of carpogonial branches (S. segawae). We conclude that S. segawae, S. yutakae and S. sinica should be placed in synonymy with S. suecica. Overall, we accept only one taxon including these other names as synonyms, that is characterized by the gonimoblast initial developing from the opposite side of the basal protuberance of carpogonium.	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F58FF87FC54FA37FB48F9C7.taxon	materials_examined	Type specimen is not available for analysis. The type specimen analyzed by Necchi et al. (1993) was a male plant and therefore key characteristics could not be confirmed.	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
038C879A5F58FF87FC98F937FAEDF860.taxon	discussion	Type specimen is not available for analysis; in the protologue the species was distinguished based on breeding system (monoecious) and the presence of monosporangia in the secondary fascicles. In Sirodotia, it has been shown that distinguishing species based on breeding system (monoecious, dioecious or polyoecious) is not a reliable taxonomic character (Umezaki, 1960). The presence of monosporangia may be a misinterpretation of carposporangia based on size and position.	en	Rossignolo, Natalia L., Vis, Morgan L., Paiano, Monica O., Eloranta, Pertti, West, John A., Ganesan, E. K., Yasmin, Farishta, Lim, Phaik-Eem, Necchi, Orlando Jr (2021): Revision of the genus Sirodotia Kylin (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with description of four new species. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 93-127, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2021v42a8
