taxonID	type	description	language	source
038C87BDEE0DFFCDFC28FAB9FA0B52B3.taxon	description	(Fig. 3)	en	Niaki, Nemat Allah Raei, Attar, Farideh, Zamani, Asghar, Maroofi, Hossein, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2022): Five new records and two new reports of Cotoneaster Medik. (Rosaceae) for the Flora of Iran. Adansonia (3) 44 (14): 141-152, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a14
038C87BDEE0DFFCDFC28FAB9FA0B52B3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPUS. — Kashmir. Near Chara- i- Sharif, Srinagar, 25. X. 1962, H. Meusel s. n. (holo-, HAL). SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Iran. Province Khorassan, Bojnord, Ghorkhod protected region, 37 ° 23 ’ 46 ” N, 56 ° 27 ’ 47 ” E, 1660 m, 20. IX. 2011, Memariani & Arjmandi 44626 (FUMH).	en	Niaki, Nemat Allah Raei, Attar, Farideh, Zamani, Asghar, Maroofi, Hossein, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2022): Five new records and two new reports of Cotoneaster Medik. (Rosaceae) for the Flora of Iran. Adansonia (3) 44 (14): 141-152, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a14
038C87BDEE0DFFCDFC28FAB9FA0B52B3.taxon	discussion	NOTE This species is morphologically close to C. kotschyi (C. K. Schneid.) G. Klotz. The latter species is widely distributed in Iran (Riedl 1969; Khatamsaz 1992). However, C. minutus differs from the C. kotschyi by the small (up to 7 mm vs 6 - 14 mm in length) and orbicular leaves (vs elliptic-ovate) and the light red fruits (vs black- purple) (Fig. 3 A, B). This species occurs in Afghanistan, Kashmir (Fryer & Hylmö 2009) and Iran.	en	Niaki, Nemat Allah Raei, Attar, Farideh, Zamani, Asghar, Maroofi, Hossein, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2022): Five new records and two new reports of Cotoneaster Medik. (Rosaceae) for the Flora of Iran. Adansonia (3) 44 (14): 141-152, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a14
038C87BDEE0DFFCDFEE0F979FA915071.taxon	description	(Fig. 2)	en	Niaki, Nemat Allah Raei, Attar, Farideh, Zamani, Asghar, Maroofi, Hossein, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2022): Five new records and two new reports of Cotoneaster Medik. (Rosaceae) for the Flora of Iran. Adansonia (3) 44 (14): 141-152, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a14
038C87BDEE0DFFCDFEE0F979FA915071.taxon	materials_examined	TYPUS. — Armenia, Mergi, between Lischk and Pirmazra; Pojarkova 733 (holo-, LE). SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Iran. Province Kurdistan, Baneh, Kanibard village, 15. IX. 2006, Maroofi & Mansoori 8428 (HKS); Baneh to Sardasht, toward to Bolhasan village, 21. X. 2003, Maroofi & Naseri 6520 (HKS); c. 35 km from west of Baneh to Sardasht, Namazgah village, 10. X. 2005, Maroofi & Mansoori 7557 (HKS).	en	Niaki, Nemat Allah Raei, Attar, Farideh, Zamani, Asghar, Maroofi, Hossein, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2022): Five new records and two new reports of Cotoneaster Medik. (Rosaceae) for the Flora of Iran. Adansonia (3) 44 (14): 141-152, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a14
038C87BDEE0DFFCDFEE0F979FA915071.taxon	discussion	NOTE According to Browicz 1972, this species which is distributed in Armenia and northeast Turkey, was observed among herbarium specimens at HKS (Fig. 2 A). C. transcaucasicus is the closest relative of C. nummularius Fisch. & C. A. Mey. (Browicz 1972). Generally, these species have some similarities in features of leaves (size) fruit color (red), calyx orientation, indumentum of all parts except in sepals. On the other hand, there are a few remarkable differences between these species: C. transcaucasicus is distinguished by obovate leaves with cuneate base and widely rounded-emarginate apex (Fig. 2 B) and tomentose sepals in fruit from C. ellipticus with elliptic- ovate leaves widely cuneate to rounded base, obtuse apex and glabrous sepals.	en	Niaki, Nemat Allah Raei, Attar, Farideh, Zamani, Asghar, Maroofi, Hossein, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2022): Five new records and two new reports of Cotoneaster Medik. (Rosaceae) for the Flora of Iran. Adansonia (3) 44 (14): 141-152, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a14
038C87BDEE0EFFCEFEFDFF15FD2C56AF.taxon	description	(Fig. 4)	en	Niaki, Nemat Allah Raei, Attar, Farideh, Zamani, Asghar, Maroofi, Hossein, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2022): Five new records and two new reports of Cotoneaster Medik. (Rosaceae) for the Flora of Iran. Adansonia (3) 44 (14): 141-152, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a14
038C87BDEE0EFFCEFEFDFF15FD2C56AF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPUS. — Afghanistan. Kuram Valley, XII. 1879, J. E. T. Aitchison 363 (holo-, DD; iso-, A, BM, CAL). SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Iran. Province Khorasan, Bazangan, 37 ° 76 ’ 46 ” N, 56 ° 43 ’ 40 ” E, 1500 m, 06. VI. 1996, Faghihnia & Zangooei 27111 (FUMH); Bazangan, 36 ° 16 ’ 44 ” N, 60 ° 23 ’ 38 ” E, 1480 m, 25. VIII. 2009, Joharchi & Arjmandi 43318 (FUMH); West of Bojnord, Ghorkhod protected region, 37 ° 23 ’ 46 ” N, 56 ° 27 ’ 47 ” E, 1660 m, 20. IX. 2011, Memariani & Arjmandi 44626 (FUMH).	en	Niaki, Nemat Allah Raei, Attar, Farideh, Zamani, Asghar, Maroofi, Hossein, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2022): Five new records and two new reports of Cotoneaster Medik. (Rosaceae) for the Flora of Iran. Adansonia (3) 44 (14): 141-152, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a14
038C87BDEE0EFFCEFEFDFF15FD2C56AF.taxon	discussion	NOTE This species is morphologically close to C. persicus Pojark. (Raei Niaki 2019) The latter is widely distributed in Fars, Isfahan, and Kerman provinces (Khatamsaz 1992). Leaves of both species are small and ovate with red fruits. However, C. afghanicus differs from C. persicus in its obtuse to rounded apex of leaves (vs acute), base of leaves rounded to obtuse (vs cuneate to narrowly cuneate), and 1 - 4 flowers per inflorescence (vs 5 - 8 flowers) (Fig. 4 A, B). This species occurs in Afghanistan, Kashmir (Fryer & Hylmö 2009) and Iran.	en	Niaki, Nemat Allah Raei, Attar, Farideh, Zamani, Asghar, Maroofi, Hossein, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2022): Five new records and two new reports of Cotoneaster Medik. (Rosaceae) for the Flora of Iran. Adansonia (3) 44 (14): 141-152, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a14
038C87BDEE0EFFCEFF19FBF8FCA25271.taxon	description	(Fig. 5)	en	Niaki, Nemat Allah Raei, Attar, Farideh, Zamani, Asghar, Maroofi, Hossein, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2022): Five new records and two new reports of Cotoneaster Medik. (Rosaceae) for the Flora of Iran. Adansonia (3) 44 (14): 141-152, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a14
038C87BDEE0EFFCEFF19FBF8FCA25271.taxon	materials_examined	TYPUS. — Afghanistan. Kuram district, 5. VII. 1880, J. E. T. Aitchison 277 (lecto-, K; iso-, A). SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Iran. Province Khorasan, Bojnord, 37 ° 50 ’ 31 ” N, 57 ° 31 ’ 25 ” E, 1593 m, 03. X. 2009, Memariani, Zangooei & Arjmandi 43351, 43353 (FUMH); Chenaran, Ferizi, 36 ° 4 ’ 49 ” N, 58 ° 4 ’ 43 ” E, 2050 m, 31. X. 2009, Arjmandi & Zangooei 43442 (FUMH).	en	Niaki, Nemat Allah Raei, Attar, Farideh, Zamani, Asghar, Maroofi, Hossein, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2022): Five new records and two new reports of Cotoneaster Medik. (Rosaceae) for the Flora of Iran. Adansonia (3) 44 (14): 141-152, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a14
038C87BDEE0EFFCEFF19FBF8FCA25271.taxon	discussion	NOTE The closest morphologically relative of C. aitchisonii is C. suavis Pojark. (Raei Niaki 2019). They share many similar characters, e. g., habit, the large leaves with a villose lower surface, long petiole (c. 4 - 12), dense inflorescence (7 - 15 flowers), and navel open in fruit. C. aitchisonii can be readily separated from C. suavis by its obovate leaves (vs elliptic- rhombic), leaves apex rounded to acute (Fig. 5 A, B) (vs obtuse), red fruit (vs black), succulent fruits of 7 - 10 mm diam., (vs non-succulent of 6 - 8 mm diam. fruit) (Fig. 5). This species occurs in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kashmir (Fryer & Hylmö 2009) and Iran.	en	Niaki, Nemat Allah Raei, Attar, Farideh, Zamani, Asghar, Maroofi, Hossein, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2022): Five new records and two new reports of Cotoneaster Medik. (Rosaceae) for the Flora of Iran. Adansonia (3) 44 (14): 141-152, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a14
038C87BDEE0EFFCEFF12F8BEFB84560F.taxon	description	(Fig. 6)	en	Niaki, Nemat Allah Raei, Attar, Farideh, Zamani, Asghar, Maroofi, Hossein, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2022): Five new records and two new reports of Cotoneaster Medik. (Rosaceae) for the Flora of Iran. Adansonia (3) 44 (14): 141-152, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a14
038C87BDEE0EFFCEFF12F8BEFB84560F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPUS. — Kashmir. Waziristan, J. L. Stewart 274 b (lecto-, K). SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Iran. Khorasan, Bojnord, 1593 m, 37 ° 50 ’ 31 ” N, 57 ° 31 ’ 25 ” E, 03. X. 2009, Memariani, Zangooei & Arjmandi 43358 (FUMH); West of Bojnord, 37 ° 26 ’ 39 ” N, 56 ° 47 ’ 06 ” E, 1425 m, 09. VIII. 2008, Memariani, Zangooei & Arjmandi 41331 (FUMH).	en	Niaki, Nemat Allah Raei, Attar, Farideh, Zamani, Asghar, Maroofi, Hossein, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2022): Five new records and two new reports of Cotoneaster Medik. (Rosaceae) for the Flora of Iran. Adansonia (3) 44 (14): 141-152, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a14
038C87BDEE0EFFCEFF12F8BEFB84560F.taxon	discussion	NOTE The closest relative of this species is C. insignis. C. insignis is diagnosed by having elliptic-obovate leaves, 30 - 60 × 20 - 40 mm, base widely to narrowly cuneate, upper surface midgreen; petiole 5 - 10 mm; lax inflorescence, 6 - 20 - flowered inflorescence and peduncle up to 20 mm. While C. ellipticus is distinguished by having orbicular- elliptic leaves (20 - 40 × 20 - 34 mm), base widely obtuse to rounded, upper surface dark bluish green; petiole 4 - 7 mm; compact inflorescence, 5 - 13 - flowered inflorescence and peduncle up to 9 mm (Fig. 6). This species occurs in Pakistan, Kashmir (Fryer & Hylmö 2009) and Iran.	en	Niaki, Nemat Allah Raei, Attar, Farideh, Zamani, Asghar, Maroofi, Hossein, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2022): Five new records and two new reports of Cotoneaster Medik. (Rosaceae) for the Flora of Iran. Adansonia (3) 44 (14): 141-152, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a14
038C87BDEE0EFFCEFC3BFC58FBED52B3.taxon	description	(Fig. 7)	en	Niaki, Nemat Allah Raei, Attar, Farideh, Zamani, Asghar, Maroofi, Hossein, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2022): Five new records and two new reports of Cotoneaster Medik. (Rosaceae) for the Flora of Iran. Adansonia (3) 44 (14): 141-152, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a14
038C87BDEE0EFFCEFC3BFC58FBED52B3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPUS. — Azarbaijan. In vicinitate urbis Kirovabad (Gandsha) ad ripam dextram fluvii Kjurai-Czai s. d., Pojarkova 289 (holo-, LE). SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Iran. Province East Azerbaijan, Arasbaran protected area, Kalaleh village, Soulidareh, 38 ° 57 ’ 1 ” N, 46 ° 44 ’ 4 ” E, 800 m, 26. VII. 1993, Ghahremani & Talebpur 2770 (Herbarium of Tabriz). — Province Mazandaran, 7 km after Pole-Zanguleh to Chalus, 36 ° 13 ’ 28 ” N, 51 ° 18 ’ 18 ” E, 2028 m, 24. V. 2016, Raei Niaki & Mahdigholi 46883 (TUH).	en	Niaki, Nemat Allah Raei, Attar, Farideh, Zamani, Asghar, Maroofi, Hossein, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2022): Five new records and two new reports of Cotoneaster Medik. (Rosaceae) for the Flora of Iran. Adansonia (3) 44 (14): 141-152, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a14
038C87BDEE0EFFCEFC3BFC58FBED52B3.taxon	discussion	REMARK C. meyeri is reported from north Iran in Mazandaran province (Fig. 7 A). The species belongs to subgenus Chaenopetalum (Fryer & Hylmö 2009). This species is related to C. multiflorus Bunge (Browicz 1972), from which it differs for its black-purple fruits (vs light red to red), acute to obtuse (vs obtuse to rounded) and shorter leaves (15 - 39 mm vs 20 - 55 mm), fewer- flowered inflorescence (5 - 8 vs 5 - 13) and indumentum of pedicel in fruit (glabrous vs thinly tomentose) (Fig. 7 B). The geographical distribution of the species is Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan (Riedl 1969; Pojarkova 1971; Fryer & Hylmö 2009) and Iran. NOTE C. meyeri was not previously reported from the flora of Iran (Riedl 1969). Later, this species was reported there without locality information (Fryer & Hylmö 2009). In the framework of this paper, this species was collected again, and it is reported for Flora of Iran.	en	Niaki, Nemat Allah Raei, Attar, Farideh, Zamani, Asghar, Maroofi, Hossein, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2022): Five new records and two new reports of Cotoneaster Medik. (Rosaceae) for the Flora of Iran. Adansonia (3) 44 (14): 141-152, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a14
038C87BDEE05FFC5FED6FF15FDFA5011.taxon	description	(Fig. 8)	en	Niaki, Nemat Allah Raei, Attar, Farideh, Zamani, Asghar, Maroofi, Hossein, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2022): Five new records and two new reports of Cotoneaster Medik. (Rosaceae) for the Flora of Iran. Adansonia (3) 44 (14): 141-152, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a14
038C87BDEE05FFC5FED6FF15FDFA5011.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE. — Described after a cultivated specimen (probably from Kashmir) (holo-, LE). SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Iran. Province Kurdistan, west of Baneh to Sardasht, Namazgah village, 16. X. 2006, Maroofi & Mansoori 8757 (HKS); west of Baneh to Sardasht, Namazgah village, 36 ° 04 ’ N, 45 ° 42 ’ E, 1591 m, 18. VIII. 2007, Attar, Raei Niaki & Zamani 37454 (TUH).	en	Niaki, Nemat Allah Raei, Attar, Farideh, Zamani, Asghar, Maroofi, Hossein, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2022): Five new records and two new reports of Cotoneaster Medik. (Rosaceae) for the Flora of Iran. Adansonia (3) 44 (14): 141-152, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a14
038C87BDEE05FFC5FED6FF15FDFA5011.taxon	discussion	REMARK Reviewing different plants collected from Kurdistan province, C. insignis is reported as a new record from Iran (Fig. 8 A). The species belongs to subgenus Chaenopetalum (Fryer & Hylmö 2009). As noted above, C. insignis and C. ellipticus are closest relatives. Other than morphological differences, these species are geographically distinct. So, C. insignis occurs in west of Iran, while C. ellipticus occurs in the northeast of Iran. Consequently, the morphological differences and the discontinuous distribution provide sufficient evidence for treating C. ellipticus and C. insignis as separate species. The geographical distribution of the C. insignis is Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, India, northwestern Himalaya (Riedl 1969; Pojarkova 1971; Fryer & Hylmö 2009) and west of Iran. NOTE This species has been reported from Iran without mention of the locality (Riedl 1969). So, this species was not verified as a native species for Iran (Khatamsaz 1992). However, this species was found from west Iran and is introduced as a new record based on the collected data.	en	Niaki, Nemat Allah Raei, Attar, Farideh, Zamani, Asghar, Maroofi, Hossein, Joharchi, Mohammad Reza (2022): Five new records and two new reports of Cotoneaster Medik. (Rosaceae) for the Flora of Iran. Adansonia (3) 44 (14): 141-152, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a14
