taxonID	type	description	language	source
038C87C89A616749FF10F95DFACDFD1D.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Drosophila variegata Fallén, 1823.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A616749FF10F95DFACDFD1D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Additional plate present between cerci and tenth sternite; aedeagal median rod developed, basally and medially with 1 or 2 pair (s) of bridges articulated with anterodorsal corners of gonopods (after Chen et al. 2007). Two or more putative morphospecies within a bracket pair indicate they (at least most of the samples) are delimited as a single species; only one putative morphospecies within a bracket pair indicates it is delimited as two or more species.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A616749FF10F95DFACDFD1D.taxon	description	Description. Male and female: Eye brownish red. Ocellar triangle dark brown to black. Frons pollinose, grayish brown to black, with a few interfrontal setulae medially. Fronto-orbital plate often silvery-white. Pedicel and first flagellomere grayish brown. Face grayish brown, with yellowish white patches on lower corners. Clypeus medially white to yellow, laterally dark brown to black. Gena grayish yellow to brown; postgena dark brown. Palpus somewhat triangular, brown basally, grayish yellow and with a few setae distally. Vibrissa prominent; other orals small. Mesoscutum and pleura grayish orange-brown, with brownish to black patches and pollinose patterns (Figs. 5, 6). Postpronotal lobe pale yellow, with 1 long and a few short setae. Acrostichal setulae in ca. 6 – 8 irregular rows. Prescutellar setae usually 1 pair. Scutellum usually concolorous with thorax, with dark brown to black patches (Figs. 5, 6). Basal scutellar setae divergent; apicals cruciate. Wing hyaline, sometimes smoky; veins grayish yellow. Basal medial-cubital crossvein present; C 1 setae 2, indistinctly differentiated. Costal vein with spinules on ventral surface between R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5. R 2 + 3 slightly curved to costa at tip; R 4 + 5 distally convergent with M 1. Halters white. Legs yellow; femora usually brown to black except for apical portions; tibiae usually with 3 brown to black rings. Foreleg femur with 2 or 3 irregular rows of long setae on posterior surface. Preapical dorsal setae present on all tibiae. Midleg tarsus ventrally with 2 rows of minute cuneiform setulae on inner and outer sides; hindleg tarsus with 1 row of minute cuneiform setulae on underside; fore- and hindleg first tarsomeres each as long as three succeeding tarsomeres together; midleg first tarsomere as long as all tarsomeres together. Abdominal tergites yellow to orangeyellow (Figs. 5, 6): second to fifth tergites with broad brownish to black bands on posterior margins; sixth tergite nearly entirely dark, narrow anterolaterally. Sternites usually grayish yellow. Male terminalia (Figs. 7 – 37): Epandrium almost not constricted mid-dorsally, with pubescence and setae; apodeme developed along anterior margins. Cercus almost oval, separated from epandrium, entirely pubescent and setigerous. Surstylus with numerous setae on outer surface. Membrane between epandrium and cercus pubescent. Hypandrium arched, usually with 1 pair of apodeme processes on anterior portion, posteriorly contiguous to lateral corners of gonopods. Gonopods fused, forming posteromedian plate, anteriorly forming vertical process. Parameres usually basally contiguous to anterior portion of hypandrium and tips of distally bifurcated ventral branch of aedeagal apodeme. Aedeagus composed of outer membranous tube and more or less sclerotized median rod; outer membrane posteriorly connect to vertical process of gonopod; median rod basally and / or medially connect to basal corners of gonopods by 1 or 2 pair (s) of bridges (2 pairs in Figs. 12 C, 20 B, 20 D, 30 C, 33 D, 36 C, 37 C) and basally contiguous to dorsal branch of aedeagal apodeme; basal bridge sometimes with sclerotized branch (Figs. 7 E, 10 C, 15 E); ventral bridge (termed inner paraphysis in Bächli et al. 2004) usually contiguous to medial process of aedeagus (Figs. 30 C, 33 D, 37 C), sometimes elongated and dilated apically (Figs. 12 C, 20 B, 20 D, 36 C). Female specimens were mostly collected from tree trunks, and were difficult to identify to species by morphological characters only (Chen & Toda 1997). Therefore, they are still rarely known in this study.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A616749FF10F95DFACDFD1D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. For the new species described below, only the characters inconsistent with the aforementioned general descriptions are provided for brevity. In the species descriptions, an asterisk (*) denotes a new record.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A62674EFF10F931FD72FB15.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Surstylus with several small verrucae on distal margin; paramere somewhat concave submedially; vertical process of gonopod with 2 projections, the apical ones long, slightly curved and pointed (modified from Chen & Toda 1997).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A62674EFF10F931FD72FB15.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was found only from middle-altitude region (820 – 2300 m) in Yunnan, China. Specimens examined. CHINA: 6 ♂ (KIZ), Yixiang, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22 ° 44 ' 19 '' N, 101 ° 07 ' 01 '' E, alt. 1400 m, 6. xii. 2000, J. J. Gao; 46 ♂ (KIZ), Jiaoye Park, Kunming, Yunnan, 25 ° 04 ' 13 '' N, 102 ° 37 ' 13 '' E, alt. 2100 m, 43 ♂ (20 ♂ in KIZ; 23 ♂ in SCAU) on 22. vii. 2004, J. J. Gao, 3 ♂ (SCAU) on 8. ix. 2011, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Men- glun South 5 km, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 59 ' 57 '' N, 101 ° 02 ' 50 '' E, alt. 820 – 890 m, 15. iii. 2005, Y. F. Li; 13 ♂ (SCAU), Jizushan, Binchuan, Yunnan, 25 ° 56 ' 54 '' N, 100 ° 23 ' 58 '' E, alt. 2300 m, 20,21. viii. 2006, H. L. Cao, H. Z. Cao, T. Li; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Qincaitang, Jingdong, Yunnan, 24 ° 04 ' 47 '' N, 100 ° 31 ' 41 '' E, alt. 1700 m, 21. vii. 2009, L. Wang; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Caiyanghe, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22 ° 35 ' 41 '' N, 101 ° 06 ' 20 '' E, alt. 1420 m, 27. vii. 2009, L. Wang, L. Wu; 7 ♂ (SCAU), Long- tan Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 38 ' 44 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 39 '' E, alt. 1140 m, 4 ♂ on 31. iii. 2011, J. M. Lu, Z. F. Shao, Y. R. Su, 3 ♂ on 27. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 28 ♂ (SCAU), Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 37 ' 15 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 2 ♂ on 2. iv. 2011, S. J. Yan, 22 ♂ on 30. iv. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu, 2 ♂ on 26. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, 2 ♂ on 16. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong; 51 ♂ (SCAU), Hesong, Menghai, Yunnan, 21 ° 50 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 05 ' 48 '' E, alt. 1700 – 1900 m, 27 ♂ on 6. iv. 2011, J. M. Lu, Z. F. Shao, Y. R. Su, S. J. Yan, 24 ♂ on 7,12. v. 2012, H. W. Chen; 28 ♂, Baihualing, Baoshan, Yunnan, 25 ° 17 ' 50 '' N, 98 ° 48 ' 12 '' E, alt. 1400 m, 8 ♂ (KIZ) on 12. vi. 2011, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao, 20 ♂ (SCAU) on 24. viii. 2013, Q. S. Gao, K. Liu; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Hutiaoxia, Diqing, Yunnan, 27 ° 11 ' 24 '' N, 100 ° 02 ' 55 '' E, alt. 1800 m, 23. viii. 2011, H. W. Chen; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Likan, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 39 ' 21 '' N, 99 ° 36 ' 28 '' E, alt. 840 m, 1. v. 2016, J. Huang; 34 ♂ (SCAU), Mengdong, Cangyuan, Yunnan, 23 ° 10 ' 08 '' N, 99 ° 13 ' 52 '' E, alt. 1320 – 1400 m, 28 ♂ on 6,7. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu, 6 ♂ on 19. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 8 ♂ (SCAU), Wulaoshan, Lincang, Yunnan, 23 ° 15 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 11 ' 38 '' E, alt. 2155 m, 12 – 14. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu; 9 ♂ (SCAU), Tongbiguan, Yingjiang, Yunnan, 24 ° 37 ' 04 '' N, 97 ° 40 ' 03 '' E, 1313 m, 19. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu; 24 ♂ (SCAU), Botanic Garden, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 04 ' 19 '' N, 97 ° 49 ' 08 '' E, alt. 1154 m, 4 ♂ on 23. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, 13 ♂ on 22. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu, 4 ♂ on 6. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li, 3 ♂ on 22. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 10 ♂ (SCAU), Qimaba, Lüchun, Yunnan, 22 ° 49 ' 08 '' N, 102 ° 17 ' 25 '' E, alt. 1280 m, 3. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 9 ♂ (SCAU), Nanling (Shangsongshan), Lancang, Yunnan, 22 ° 47 ' 57 '' N, 99 ° 55 ' 11 '' E, alt. 1800 m, 12. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Wenquan, Changning, Yunnan, 24 ° 35 ' 34 '' N, 99 ° 55 ' 18 '' E, alt. 1536 m, 16. viii. 2016, L. Gong; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Mengbin, Lancang, Yunnan, 22 ° 30 ' 38 '' N, 99 ° 53 ' 26 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 17. viii. 2017, H. W. Chen; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Sipaishan, Shuangjiang, Yunnan, 23 ° 28 ' 30 '' N, 99 ° 39 ' 54 '' E, alt. 1569 m, 29. x. 2017, L. Gong; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Zhongshan, Mangshi, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 49 '' N, 98 ° 31 ' 27 '' E, alt. 850 m, 8. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, B. X. Li; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Bangda, Mangshi, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 55 '' N, 98 ° 13 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1710 m, 8. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Mucheng, Longling, Yunnan, 24 ° 08 ' 48 '' N, 98 ° 44 ' 48 '' E, alt. 900 m, 9. xi. 2017, L. Gong, B. X. Li.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A62674EFF10F931FD72FB15.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A65674FFF10FB40FC1FFEF5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is very similar to P. kava Zhu, Cao & Chen, 2018 in the male terminalia (as fig. 3 B – D in Zhu et al. 2018), but can be distinguished from the latter by the color of pleura and the paramere. In P. bipartita: pleura mostly orange to orange-brown; paramere nearly black, bifurcated submedially (as fig. 16 in Toda & Peng 1992); in P. kava: pleura mostly dark brown to black; paramere mostly yellow, bifurcated from distal 1 / 3, the anterior branch with 3 pointed teeth apically (as fig. 3 D in Zhu et al. 2018). Specimens examined. CHINA: 1 ♂ (SCAU), Nankunshan, Longmen, Guangdong, 23 ° 34 ' 39 '' N, 113 ° 59 ' 56 '' E, alt. 630 m, 2. iv. 2004, H. W. Chen; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Shimentai, Yingde, Guangdong, 24 ° 25 ' 49 '' N, 113 ° 17 ' 50 '' E, alt. 580 m, 9. iv. 2004, H. W. Chen; 13 ♂, Jianfengling, Ledong, Hainan, 18 ° 41 ' 50 '' N, 108 ° 50 ' 04 '' E, alt. 700 – 890 m, 3 ♂ (SCAU) on 18 – 21. iv. 2004, H. W. Chen, 7 ♂ (SCAU) on 16 – 18. v. 2005, H. W. Chen, 3 ♂ (KIZ) on 17. iv. 2008, X. P. Chen, J. J. Gao; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Menglun South 5 km, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 59 ' 57 '' N, 101 ° 02 ' 50 '' E, alt. 890 m, 15. iii. 2005, Y. F. Li; 9 ♂ (SCAU), Chebaling, Shixing, Guangdong, 24 ° 48 ' 43 '' N, 114 ° 11 ' 03 '' E, alt. 380 m, 2 ♂ on 26. v. 2007, J. J. Jiang, 7 ♂ on 13. ix. 2017, L. Gong, N. N. Wang; 1 ♂ (KIZ), Baihualing, Baoshan, Yunnan, 25 ° 17 ' 50 '' N, 98 ° 48 ' 12 '' E, alt. 1400 m, 13. vi. 2011, J. J. Gao; 1 ♂ (KIZ), Yixiang, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22 ° 44 ' 19 '' N, 101 ° 07 ' 01 '' E, alt. 1400 m, 28. iii. 2013, J. J. Gao; 72 ♂ (SCAU), Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 37 ' 15 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 53 ♂ on 29. iv. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, 13 ♂ on 26. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li, 6 ♂ on 16. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Wulaoshan, Lincang, Yunnan, 23 ° 15 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 11 ' 38 '' E, alt. 2155 m, 14. v. 2016, J. Huang; 9 ♂ (SCAU), Botanic Garden, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 01 ' 12 '' N, 97 ° 51 ' 33 '' E, alt. 1170 m, 2 ♂ on 23. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, 7 ♂ on 22. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Longtan, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 38 ' 44 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 39 '' E, alt. 1140 m, 26. x. 2017, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Bangda, Mangshi, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 55 '' N, 98 ° 13 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1710 m, 8. xi. 2017, L. Gong; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Jinshan Forest Park, Menglian, Yunnan, 22 ° 19 ' 56 '' N, 99 ° 34 ' 51 '' E, alt. 940 m, 15. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Chebaling, Quannan, Jiangxi, 24 ° 43 ' 22 '' N, 114 ° 31 ' 49 '' E, alt. 410 m, 13. ix. 2018, H. W. Chen.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A65674FFF10FB40FC1FFEF5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Jiangxi *, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A66674DFF10FF33FAFDFBB9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male abdominal sixth tergite with 2 distinct, prickly processes on anterior and posterior corners of lateral margin (after Chen & Toda 1998). Specimens examined. CHINA: 1 ♂ (SCAU), Longgong, Anshun, Guizhou, 26 ° 05 ' 47 '' N, 105 ° 53 ' 08 '' E, alt. 700 m, 17. vii. 1994, L. M. Wei; 7 ♂ (SCAU), Conghua, Guangdong, 23 ° 43 ' 30 '' N, 113 ° 48 ' 20 '' E, alt. 350 m, 3 ♂ on 3. xi. 2003, H. W. Chen, 4 ♂ on 12. x. 2005, H. W. Chen; 7 ♂ (SCAU), Jianfengling, Ledong, Hainan, 18 ° 41 ' 50 '' N, 108 ° 50 ' 04 '' E, alt. 700 – 890 m, 20,21. iv. 2004, H. W. Chen; 29 ♂ (SCAU), Nanling, Ruyuan, Guangdong, 24 ° 05 ' 22 '' N, 113 ° 04 ' 47 '' E, alt. 510 – 1500 m, 3 ♂ (SCAU) on 2. v. 2004, H. W. Chen, 23 ♂ (SCAU) on 8 – 10. ix. 2017, L. Gong, N. N. Wang, 3 ♂ on 28. v. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Diaoluoshan, Lingshui, Hainan, 18 ° 43 ' 51 '' N, 109 ° 51 ' 28 '' E, alt. 980 m, 22 – 24. v. 2004, H. W. Chen; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Guanshan, Yifeng, Jiangxi, 28 ° 01 ' 04 '' N, 114 ° 25 ' 02 '' E, alt. 580 m, 8 – 10. vi. 2004, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Heishiding, Fengkai, Guangdong, 23 ° 27 ' 37 '' N, 111 ° 54 ' 10 '' E, alt. 570 m, 23. iii. 2005, Y. F. Li; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Dinghushan, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 23 ° 10 ' 17 '' N, 112 ° 32 ' 31 '' E, alt. 580 – 670 m, 15. iv. 2005, H. L. Cao, H. W. Chen, M. F. Xu; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Mangshan, Yizhang, Hunan, 24 ° 56 ' 53 '' N, 112 ° 54 ' 01 '' E, alt. 1200 – 1300 m, 25 – 27. iv. 2005, H. L. Cao, M. F. Xu; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Hongping, Shennongjia, Hubei, 31 ° 40 ' 37 '' N, 110 ° 25 ' 28 '' E, alt. 1720 m, 30. vii. 2005, H. W. Chen, J. J. Jiang; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Grand Canyon, Maoer- shan, Xing'an, Guangxi, 25 ° 51 ' 28 '' N, 110 ° 25 ' 01 '' E, alt. 380 m, 22. ix. 2006, J. J. Jiang; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Ziyang, Wuyu- an, Jiangxi, 29 ° 15 ' 60 '' N, 117 ° 50 ' 46 '' E, alt. 320 m, 23. x. 2007, H. W. Chen; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Shengtangshan, Jinxiu, Guangxi, 23 ° 58 ' 23 '' N, 110 ° 06 ' 45 '' E, alt. 1300 m, 31. vii. 2017, H. W. Chen; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Shimentai, Yingde, Guang- dong, 24 ° 25 ' 49 '' N, 113 ° 17 ' 50 '' E, alt. 580 m, 4. ix. 2017, L. Gong; 14 ♂ (SCAU), Chebaling, Shixing, Guangdong, 24 ° 48 ' 43 '' N, 114 ° 11 ' 03 '' E, alt. 380 m, 13. ix. 2017, L. Gong, N. N. Wang; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Longtan, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 38 ' 44 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 39 '' E, alt. 1140 m, 18. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A66674DFF10FF33FAFDFBB9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong *, Hainan *, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A696743FF10FF33FB80FCAE.taxon	description	(Figs. 5 A, 5 B, 7)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A696743FF10FF33FB80FCAE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male arista without or with 1 – 3 short ventral branch (es) distally, the longest ventral branch as long as 1 / 3 the longest dorsal branch (Fig. 7 A); posterior bands of male abdominal third to fifth tergites connect to lateral margins (Fig. 5 B); male abdominal sixth tergite narrow laterally (Fig. 7 B).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A696743FF10FF33FB80FCAE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. P. shillongensis was poorly described by Singh & Gupta in Dwivedi et al. 1979, which lacks sufficient morphological evidence in supporting it as a different species compared with P. cardua. Specimens examined. CHINA: 7 ♂ (4 ♂ in KIZ, 3 ♂ in SCAU), Longgong, Anshun, Guizhou, 26 ° 05 ' 47 '' N, 105 ° 53 ' 08 '' E, alt. 750 m, 22 – 24. vii. 2000, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 19 ♂ (7 ♂ in KIZ, 12 ♂ in SCAU), Tongmu, Wuyishan, Fujian, 27 ° 54 ' 33 '' N, 117 ° 51 ' 54 '' E, alt. 580 – 800 m, 16 – 18. viii. 2001, H. W. Chen, M. Nozawa, H. Watabe; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Shimentai, Yingde, Guangdong, 24 ° 25 ' 49 '' N, 113 ° 17 ' 50 '' E, alt. 630 m, 9. iv. 2004, H. W. Chen; 33 ♂, Jianfengling, Ledong, Hainan, 18 ° 41 ' 50 '' N, 108 ° 50 ' 04 '' E, alt. 700 – 860 m, 15 ♂ (SCAU) on 20. iv. 2004, H. W. Chen, 18 ♂ (KIZ) on 17,18. iv. 2008, X. P. Chen, J. J. Gao; 55 ♂ (SCAU), Nanling, Ruyuan, Guangdong, 24 ° 05 ' 22 '' N, 113 ° 04 ' 47 '' E, alt. 650 – 1500 m, 19 ♂ on 1 – 5. v. 2004, H. W. Chen, 26 ♂ on 21 – 24. iv. 2005, H. L. Cao, M. F. Xu, 7 ♂ on 24. viii. 2010, M. F. Xu, 3 ♂ on 10. ix. 2017, L. Gong, N. N. Wang; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Guanshan, Yifeng, Jiangxi, 28 ° 01 ' 04 '' N, 114 ° 25 ' 02 '' E, alt. 580 m, 8,10. vi. 2004, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 48 ♂, Wuyishan, Yanshan, Jiangxi, 27 ° 59 ' 38 '' N, 117 ° 49 ' 04 '' E, alt. 1200 – 1400 m, 26 ♂ (KIZ) on 15. vi. 2004, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao, 22 ♂ (SCAU) on 3. vi. 2005, H. L. Cao; 44 ♂, Jiaoye Park, Kunming, Yunnan, 25 ° 04 ' 13 '' N, 102 ° 37 ' 13 '' E, alt. 2100 m, 20 ♂ (KIZ) on 22. vii. 2004, J. J. Gao, 5 ♂ (SCAU) on 19. viii. 2006, J. J. Gao, 18 ♂ (SCAU) on 5. viii. 2007, J. J. Gao, 1 ♂ (SCAU) on 28. viii. 2011, H. W. Chen; 35 ♂ (SCAU), Samage, Weixi, Yunnan, 27 ° 36 ' 20 '' N, 99 ° 24 ' 10 '' E, alt. 2700 – 2900 m, 27 – 29. vii. 2004, H. W. Chen, Y. F. Li; 30 ♂, Grand Canyon, Maoershan, Xing'an, Guangxi, 25 ° 51 ' 28 '' N, 110 ° 25 ' 01 '' E, alt. 380 – 600 m, 4 ♂ (SCAU) on 19. x. 2004, H. L. Cao, H. W. Chen, M. F. Xu, X. L. Zhang, 20 ♂ (SCAU) on 21,22. ix. 2006, J. J. Jiang, F. Zhao, 6 ♂ (KIZ) on 17 – 19. iii. 2009, J. J. Gao; 8 ♂ (SCAU), Mangshan, Yizhang, Hunan, 24 ° 56 ' 53 '' N, 112 ° 54 ' 01 '' E, alt. 1200 – 1300 m, 25 – 27. iv. 2005, H. L. Cao, M. F. Xu; 10 ♂ (SCAU), Baiyunshan, Luoyang, Henan, 33 ° 40 ' 19 '' N, 111 ° 51 ' 46 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 10 – 12. vii. 2005, J. J. Jiang, T. Li; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Hongping, Dajiuhu, Shennongjia, Hubei, 31 ° 40 ' 37 '' N, 110 ° 25 ' 28 '' E, alt. 1720 m, 27. vii – 3. viii. 2005, H. Z. Cao, H. W. Chen, J. J. Jiang, T. Li, M. F. Xu; 30 ♂, Jizushan, Bin- chuan, Yunnan, 25 ° 56 ' 54 '' N, 100 ° 23 ' 58 '' E, alt. 2100 – 2500 m, 9 ♂ (KIZ) on 21. viii. 2005, J. J. Gao, 16 ♂ (SCAU) on 21 – 23. vii. 2006, H. L. Cao, H. Z. Cao, T. Li, 5 ♂ (KIZ) on 19,20. vii. 2007, J. J. Gao; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Huoditang, Ningshan, Shaanxi, 33 ° 26 ' 02 '' N, 108 ° 26 ' 53 '' E, alt. 1500 m, 16 – 18. vii. 2006, J. J. Jiang, M. F. Xu; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Fop- ing, Meixian, Shaanxi, 34 ° 07 ' 10 '' N, 107 ° 52 ' 39 '' E, alt. 1500 m, 18. vii. 2006, J. J. Jiang, M. F. Xu; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Wul- iangshan, Jingdong, Yunnan, 25. vii. 2006, H. L. Cao, H. Z. Cao, T. Li; 8 ♂ (SCAU), Atuoling, Wuzhishan, Hainan, 18 ° 50 ' 11 '' N, 109 ° 30 ' 53 '' E, alt. 570 m, 20. iv. 2007, H. Z. Cao, T. Li; 8 ♂ (4 ♂ in KIZ, 4 ♂ in SCAU), Wangtianshu, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 36 ' 09 '' N, 101 ° 35 ' 06 '' E, alt. 660 m, 23 – 25. iv. 2007, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 4 ♂ (2 ♂ in KIZ, 2 ♂ in SCAU), E'meishan, Leshan, Sichuan, 29 ° 36 ' 14 '' N, 103 ° 28 ' 56 '' E, alt. 700 m, 7. vii. 2007, H. Z. Cao, J. J. Gao, J. J. Jiang; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Damingshan, Shanglin, Guangxi, 23 ° 41 ' 01 '' N, 108 ° 30 ' 33 '' E, alt. 900 m, 15. iii. 2009, J. J. Gao; 1 ♂ (KIZ), Yunmengshan, Huairou, Beijing, 40 ° 36 ' 10 '' N, 116 ° 47 ' 04 '' E, alt. 570 m, 4. vii. 2009, J. J. Gao; 12 ♂ (6 ♂ in KIZ, 6 ♂ in SCAU), Yixiang, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22 ° 44 ' 19 '' N, 101 ° 07 ' 01 '' E, alt. 1400 m, 18. ix. 2009, J. J. Gao; 9 ♂ (3 ♂ in KIZ, 3 ♂ in SCAU, 3 ♂ in TMNS), Motuo 108 k, Xizang, 29 ° 29 ' 23 '' N, 95 ° 26 ' 44 '' E, alt. 843 m, 3. x. 2010, L. Wang; 7 ♂ (SCAU), Longtan Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 38 ' 44 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 39 '' E, alt. 1170 m, 3 ♂ on 31. iii. 2011, Z. F. Shao, S. J. Yan, 4 ♂ on 26,27. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 30 ♂ (SCAU), Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 37 ' 15 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 14 ♂ on 2. iv. 2011, J. M. Lu, Z. F. Shao, Y. R. Su, S. J. Yan, 16 ♂ on 3. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu; 42 ♂, Hesong, Menghai, Yunnan, 21 ° 50 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 05 ' 48 '' E, alt. 1700 – 1900 m, 16 ♂ (SCAU) on 6 – 8. iv. 2011, J. M. Lu, Z. F. Shao, Y. R. Su, 26 ♂ (KIZ) on 7 – 12. v. 2012, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Tianmushan, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 30 ° 19 ' 32 '' N, 119 ° 26 ' 35 '' E, alt. 640 m, 25. vii. 2011, Z. F. Shao, S. J. Yan; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Sanchahe, Xishui, Guizhou, 28 ° 30 ' 03 '' N, 106 ° 24 ' 16 '' E, alt. 1000 m, 7. viii. 2011, J. Huang, Y. R. Su; 13 ♂ (7 ♂ in KIZ, 6 ♂ in SCAU), Hutiaoxia, Diqing, Yunnan, 27 ° 11 ' 24 '' N, 100 ° 02 ' 55 '' E, alt. 1800 m, 22,23. viii. 2011, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Cangshan, Dali, Yunnan, 25 ° 40 ' 22 '' N, 100 ° 08 ' 03 '' E, alt. 1800 m, 26. viii. 2011, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Zhuque Forest Park, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 33 ° 54 ' 26 '' N, 108 ° 30 ' 50 '' E, alt. 1500 m, 12,13. vii. 2012, J. Huang, S. J. Yan; 7 ♂ (SCAU), Haoping, Meixian, Shaanxi, 34 ° 05 ' 22 '' N, 107 ° 42 ' 24 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 12,13. vii. 2012, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 26 ♂ (13 ♂ in KIZ, 13 ♂ in SCAU), Baihualing, Baoshan, Yunnan, 25 ° 17 ' 50 '' N, 98 ° 48 ' 12 '' E, alt. 1400 – 1700 m, 23 – 26. viii. 2013, Q. S. Gao, K. Liu; 41 ♂ (SCAU), Mengdong, Cangyuan, Yunnan, 23 ° 10 ' 08 '' N, 99 ° 13 ' 52 '' E, alt. 1270 – 1430 m, 40 ♂ on 6,7. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu, 1 ♂ on 19. iv. 2018, Y. Lin; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Nabang, Yingjiang, Yunnan, 24 ° 39 ' 51 '' N, 97 ° 35 ' 31 '' E, alt. 700 m, 16. v. 2016, J. Huang; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Tongbiguan, Yingjiang, Yunnan, 24 ° 37 ' 04 '' N, 97 ° 40 ' 03 '' E, 1313 m, 19. v. 2016, J. Huang; 8 ♂ (SCAU), Langping, Tianlin, Guangxi, 24 ° 27 ' 43 '' N, 106 ° 22 ' 52 '' E, alt. 1490 m, 30. vii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Qimaba, Lüchun, Yunnan, 22 ° 49 ' 08 '' N, 102 ° 17 ' 25 '' E, alt. 1280 m, 3. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Mengyu- an, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 47 ' 29 '' N, 101 ° 22 ' 59 '' E, alt. 995 m, 7. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Nanling (Shang- songshan), Lancang, Yunnan, 22 ° 47 ' 57 '' N, 99 ° 55 ' 11 '' E, alt. 1870 m, 12. viii. 2016, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Wenquan, Changning, Yunnan, 24 ° 35 ' 34 '' N, 99 ° 55 ' 18 '' E, alt. 1530 m, 16. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Shengtangshan, Jinxiu, Guangxi, 23 ° 58 ' 23 '' N, 110 ° 06 ' 45 '' E, alt. 1300 m, 31. vii. 2017, H. W. Chen; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Sipaishan, Shuangjiang, Yunnan, 23 ° 28 ' 30 '' N, 99 ° 39 ' 54 '' E, alt. 1569 m, 29. x. 2017, L. Gong; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Zhongshan, Mangshi, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 49 '' N, 98 ° 31 ' 27 '' E, alt. 1480 m, 3. xi. 2017, B. X. Li; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Bangdong, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 06 ' 09 '' N, 97 ° 50 ' 55 '' E, alt. 1370 m, 6. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Moli Forest Park, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 05 '' N, 97 ° 58 ' 51 '' E, alt. 920 m, 8. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Bangda, Mangshi, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 55 '' N, 98 ° 13 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1710 m, 8. xi. 2017, L. Gong, B. X. Li.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A696743FF10FF33FB80FCAE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Beijing *, Henan, Shaanxi, Zhejiang *, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Xizang *), Vietnam, India (Meghalaya).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A6B6740FF10FF33FDC7FC71.taxon	description	(Fig. 8)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A6B6740FF10FF33FDC7FC71.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Aedeagal median rod: subbasally with 1 asymmetrical (as fig. 1 C in Toda et al. 1996; specimens from type locality) or symmetrical but located on the right side (specimens from Beijing, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, and Sichuan), nearly triangular process (Fig. 8 C); submedially with 1 pair of slender processes, sometimes contiguous to base of gonopod (Fig. 8 C). Specimens examined. JAPAN: 1 ♂ (SCAU), Uenohara, Yamanashi, Honshu, alt. 530 m, 12. viii. 2002, H. W. Chen. CHINA: 145 ♂, Guanmenshan Forest Park, Benxi, Liaoning, 41 º 07 ' 44 '' N, 124 º 09 ' 30 '' E, alt. 446 m, 71 ♂ (SCAU) on 28,29. vii. 2002, H. W. Chen, G. C. Liu, 23 ♂ (KIZ) on 28. vi. 2009, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao, 51 ♂ (SCAU) on 19. vii. 2018, L. Gong, B. X. Li, Y. Lin, Z. Q. Peng, N. N. Wang; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Baiyunshan, Luoyang, Henan, 33 ° 40 ' 19 '' N, 111 ° 51 ' 46 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 12. vii. 2005, T. Li; 14 ♂ (7 ♂ in KIZ, 7 ♂ in SCAU), Yunmengshan, Huairou, Beijing, 40 ° 36 ' 10 '' N, 116 ° 47 ' 04 '' E, alt. 570 m, 4. vii. 2009, J. J. Gao, T. Li; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Zhuque Forest Park, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 33 ° 54 ' 26 '' N, 108 ° 30 ' 50 '' E, alt. 1500 m, 12. vii. 2012, J. Huang; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Haoping, Meixian, Shaanxi, 34 ° 05 ' 22 '' N, 107 ° 42 ' 24 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 12. vii. 2012, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 30 ♂ (SCAU), Pangquangou, Jiaocheng, Shanxi, 37 ° 47 ' 31 '' N, 111 ° 30 ' 20 '' E, alt. 2200 m, 30. vii. 2016, N. N. Wang, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Lishan, Qinshui, Shanxi, 35 ° 26 ' 30 '' N, 112 ° 00 ' 48 '' E, alt. 2100 m, 7. viii. 2016, N. N. Wang; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Miyaluo, Lixian, Sichuan, 31 ° 40 ' 57 '' N, 102 ° 46 ' 29 '' E, alt. 2815 m, 24. vii. 2017, L. Gong; 12 ♂ (SCAU), Hemu Forest Park, Xinbin, Liaoning, 41 ° 46 ' 10 '' N, 124 ° 43 ' 20 '' E, alt. 352 m, 12. vii. 2018, L. Gong, B. X. Li, Y. Lin, Z. Q. Peng, N. N. Wang.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A6B6740FF10FF33FDC7FC71.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Far East, East Siberia), Japan * (Honshu), China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Beijing *, Shanxi *, Henan *, Shaanxi *, Sichuan *).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A6A6741FF10FF33FC21FC9D.taxon	description	(Fig. 9)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A6A6741FF10FF33FC21FC9D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Aedeagal median rod subbasally with 1 slender, triangular, lobe-like process (Fig. 9 C), sometimes asymmetrical or bifurcated apically (as fig. 2 A, B in Okada 1977).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A6A6741FF10FF33FC21FC9D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We considered P. takadai Okada, 1977 as a synonym of P. conifera, because the lobe-like process of aedeagal median rod usually has some variations among the variegata complex species, such as P. chi (Toda & Sidorenko, 1996), P. eugamma (Toda & Peng, 1990), P. huazhii Cheng & Chen, 2008, and P. lambda (Toda & Peng, 1990). Compared with P. conifera, there is no sufficient morphological evidence in supporting P. takadai as a different species. Specimens examined. JAPAN: 2 ♂ (SEHU), Tsushima Is., Kyushu, 16. vi. 1995, 27. ix. 1996, H. Watabe; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Noppro, Hokkaido, 27. viii. 1996, H. W. Chen; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Uenohara, Yamanashi, Honshu, alt. 530 m, 12. viii. 2002, H. W. Chen. CHINA: 1 ♂ (SCAU), Baiyunshan, Luoyang, Henan, 33 ° 40 ' 19 '' N, 111 ° 51 ' 46 '' E, alt. 1320 m, 10. vii. 2005, J. J. Jiang.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A6A6741FF10FF33FC21FC9D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Tsushima Is.), China * (Henan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A6A6746FF10F8B3FCEFFEF5.taxon	description	(Fig. 10)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A6A6746FF10F8B3FCEFFEF5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is similar to P. wongding Zhu, Cao & Chen, 2018 in the male terminalia, but can be distinguished from the latter by having the posterior branch of paramere broadened, with 1 quadrate process (Fig. 10 C). Specimens examined. CHINA: 18 ♂, Chebaling, Shixing, Guangdong, 24 ° 48 ' 43 '' N, 114 ° 11 ' 03 '' E, alt. 380 m, 3 ♂ (KIZ) on 9. viii. 2007, J. J. Jiang, 15 ♂ (SCAU) on 13. ix. 2017, L. Gong, N. N. Wang; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Dongyanshan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 5. i. 2010, no other data; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Chebaling, Quannan, Jiangxi, 24 ° 43 ' 22 '' N, 114 ° 31 ' 49 '' E, alt. 410 m, 13. ix. 2018, H. W. Chen.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A6A6746FF10F8B3FCEFFEF5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Jiangxi *, Taiwan, Guangdong).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A6D6744FF10FAF5FF1FFF61.taxon	description	(Figs. 5 C, 5 D, 11)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A6D6744FF10FAF5FF1FFF61.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Aedeagal median rod has diverse intraspecific variations distally (Fig. 11), even the specimens from same locality. This species can be distinguished from P. gamma (Toda & Peng, 1990) by having the posterior bands of male abdominal third to fifth tergites connect to lateral margins (Fig. 5 D); aedeagal median rod with 1 (occasionally) or 2 pair (s) of processes submedially (Fig. 11). Specimens examined. CHINA: 12 ♂ (SCAU), Jizushan, Binchuan, Yunnan, 25 ° 56 ' 54 '' N, 100 ° 23 ' 58 '' E, alt. 2100 m, 3 ♂ on 15. ix. 2002, H. W. Chen, 9 ♂ on 21. viii. 2005, H. L. Cao, H. Z. Cao, T. Li; 17 ♂ (SCAU), Shimentai, Yingde, Guangdong, 24 ° 25 ' 49 '' N, 113 ° 17 ' 50 '' E, alt. 630 m, 9,10. iv. 2004, H. W. Chen; 23 ♂ (SCAU), Nanling, Ruyu- an, Guangdong, 24 ° 05 ' 22 '' N, 113 ° 04 ' 47 '' E, alt. 1100 m, 8 ♂ on 3. v. 2004, H. W. Chen, 6 ♂ on 25. iv. 2005, H. L. Cao, M. F. Xu, 9 ♂ on 24. viii. 2010, M. F. Xu; 20 ♂ (SCAU), Grand Canyon, Maoershan, Xing'an, Guangxi, 25 ° 51 ' 28 '' N, 110 ° 25 ' 01 '' E, alt. 380 – 580 m, 6 ♂ on 19. x. 2004, H. L. Cao, H. W. Chen, M. F. Xu, X. L. Zhang, 14 ♂ on 22. ix. 2006, J. J. Jiang, F. Zhao; 20 ♂ (SCAU), Dinghushan, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 23 ° 10 ' 17 '' N, 112 ° 32 ' 31 '' E, alt. 580 – 670 m, 5 ♂ on 23,24. xi. 2004, H. L. Cao, H. W. Chen, M. F. Xu, 12 ♂ on 15. iv. 2005, 6. v. 2005, H. L. Cao, M. F. Xu, 3 ♂ on 13. iv. 2008, H. W. Chen, X. P. Chen, J. J. Gao; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Heishiding, Fengkai, Guangdong, 23 ° 27 ' 37 '' N, 111 ° 54 ' 10 '' E, alt. 570 m, 23. iii. 2005, M. J. Toda; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Mangshan, Yizhang, Hunan, 24 ° 56 ' 53 '' N, 112 ° 54 ' 01 '' E, alt. 1200 – 1300 m, 25 – 27. iv. 2005, H. L. Cao, M. F. Xu; 7 ♂ (SCAU), Diaoluoshan, Lingshui, Hainan, 18 ° 43 ' 51 '' N, 109 ° 51 ' 28 '' E, alt. 980 m, 18. v. 2005, H. L. Cao, H. W. Chen, M. F. Xu; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Conghua, Guangdong, 23 ° 43 ' 30 '' N, 113 ° 48 ' 20 '' E, alt. 350 m, 12. x. 2005, H. W. Chen; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Jiji Mountain, Nantou, Taiwan, 22. ii. 2006, C. F. Lee; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Wutongshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 22 ° 34 ' 32 '' N, 114 ° 11 ' 43 '' E, alt. 720 m, 11. vii. 2006, X. L. Wang; 8 ♂ (SCAU), Wuzhishan, Shuiman, Hainan, 18 ° 48 ' 00 '' N, 109 ° 19 ' 00 '' E, alt. 440 m, 20. iv. 2007, T. Li; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Caiyanghe, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22 ° 35 ' 41 '' N, 101 ° 06 ' 20 '' E, alt. 1420 m, 27. vii. 2009, L. Wang, L. Wu; 21 ♂, Yixiang, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22 ° 44 ' 19 '' N, 101 ° 07 ' 01 '' E, alt. 1400 m, 3 ♂ (KIZ) on 18,19. ix. 2009, 18 ♂ (SCAU) on 2. x. 2011, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Tianmushan, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 30 ° 19 ' 32 '' N, 119 ° 26 ' 35 '' E, alt. 640 m, 30. vii. 2012, K. Liu; 6 ♂ (3 ♂ in SCAU, 3 ♂ in TMNS), Beibeng, Motuo, Xizang, 29 ° 19 ' 00 '' N, 95 ° 20 ' 00 '' E, alt. 900 – 1000 m, 29. ix – 1. x. 2010, J. J. Gao, Y. R. Su, L. Wang, L. Wu; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Bahsienshan, Taichung, Taiwan, 5. vi. 2011, X. Y. Liu; 38 ♂ (SCAU), Baihualing, Baoshan, Yunnan, 25 ° 17 ' 50 '' N, 98 ° 48 ' 12 '' E, alt. 1400 – 1700 m, 2 ♂ on 22. vi. 2013, Y. L. Wang, 36 ♂ on 23,24. viii. 2013, Q. S. Gao, K. Liu; 4 ♂ (KIZ), Wuliangshan, Jingdong, Yunnan, 3. ix. 2014, J. J. Gao; 24 ♂ (SCAU), Guanlei, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 38 ' 39 '' N, 101 ° 09 ' 52 '' E, alt. 560 – 740 m, 21 – 23. iv. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Wulaoshan, Lincang, Yunnan, 23 ° 15 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 11 ' 38 '' E, alt. 2360 m, 12. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Tongbiguan, Yingjiang, Yunnan, 24 ° 37 ' 04 '' N, 97 ° 40 ' 03 '' E, 1313 m, 19. v. 2016, J. Huang; 8 ♂ (SCAU), Langping, Tianlin, Guangxi, 24 ° 27 ' 43 '' N, 106 ° 22 ' 52 '' E, alt. 1490 m, 30. vii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 12 ♂ (SCAU), Shengtangshan, Jinxiu, Guangxi, 23 ° 58 ' 23 '' N, 110 ° 06 ' 45 '' E, alt. 1300 m, 31. vii. 2017, H. W. Chen; 9 ♂ (SCAU), Sipaishan, Shuangjiang, Yunnan, 23 ° 28 ' 30 '' N, 99 ° 39 ' 54 '' E, alt. 1569 m, 29. x. 2017, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Menglai Grand Canyon, Cangyuan, Yunnan, 23 ° 13 ' 20 '' N, 99 ° 15 ' 04 '' E, alt. 1240 m, 30. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Chebaling, Quannan, Jiangxi, 24 ° 43 ' 22 '' N, 114 ° 31 ' 49 '' E, alt. 780 m, 13. ix. 2018, H. W. Chen.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A6D6744FF10FAF5FF1FFF61.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Anhui, Zhejiang *, Jiangxi *, Hunan *, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan *, Guangxi, Yunnan, Xizang *).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A6F6744FF10FE83FB49F9B0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Vertical process of gonopod semitransparent, longitudinally bifurcated, apically with 2 small, sclerotized projections per side; aedeagal median rod lacking process, with strong and protruded basal bridge (modified from Toda & Peng 1990). Specimens examined. CHINA: 7 ♂ (SCAU), Conghua, Guangdong, 23 ° 43 ' 30 '' N, 113 ° 48 ' 20 '' E, alt. 350 m, 4 ♂ on 3. xi. 2003, H. W. Chen, 3 ♂ on 12. x. 2005, H. W. Chen; 14 ♂ (SCAU), Nankunshan, Longmen, Guang- dong, 23 ° 34 ' 39 '' N, 113 ° 59 ' 56 '' E, alt. 630 m, 2. iv. 2004, H. W. Chen; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Shimentai, Yingde, Guangdong, 24 ° 25 ' 49 '' N, 113 ° 17 ' 50 '' E, alt. 630 m, 5 ♂ on 9,10. iv. 2004, H. W. Chen, 1 ♂ on 4. ix. 2017, L. Gong; 10 ♂ (SCAU), Nan- ling, Ruyuan, Guangdong, 24 ° 05 ' 22 '' N, 113 ° 04 ' 47 '' E, alt. 510 m, 9 ♂ on 2 – 5. v. 2004, H. W. Chen, 1 ♂ on 28. v. 2018, L. Gong; 18 ♂, Jianfengling, Ledong, Hainan, 18 ° 41 ' 50 '' N, 108 ° 50 ' 04 '' E, alt. 700 – 860 m, 4 ♂ (KIZ) on 20. v. 2004, H. W. Chen, 7 ♂ (SCAU) on 15,16. v. 2005, H. W. Chen, M. F. Xu, 7 ♂ (SCAU) on 17. iv. 2008, X. P. Chen, J. J. Gao; 7 ♂, Dinghushan, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 23 ° 10 ' 17 '' N, 112 ° 32 ' 31 '' E, alt. 580 – 670 m, 3 ♂ (SCAU) on 23. xi. 2004, H. L. Cao, H. W. Chen, M. F. Xu, 4 ♂ (KIZ) on 13. iv. 2008, H. W. Chen, X. P. Chen, J. J. Gao; 14 ♂ (SCAU), Grand Canyon, Maoershan, Xing'an, Guangxi, 25 ° 51 ' 28 '' N, 110 ° 25 ' 01 '' E, alt. 380 – 580 m, 22. ix. 2006, J. J. Jiang, F. Zhao; 2 ♂ (KIZ), Diaoluoshan, Lingshui, Hainan, 18 ° 43 ' 51 '' N, 109 ° 51 ' 28 '' E, alt. 980 m, 23. iv. 2008, X. P. Chen, J. J. Gao; 1 ♂ (TMNS), Beibeng, Motuo, Xizang, 29 ° 19 ' 00 '' N, 95 ° 20 ' 00 '' E, alt. 900 – 1000 m, 29. ix. 2010, J. J. Gao; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Hesong, Menghai, Yunnan, 21 ° 50 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 05 ' 48 '' E, alt. 1700 m, 12. v. 2012, H. W. Chen; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Bangda, Chiayi, Taiwan, 23 ° 28 ' 47 '' N, 120 ° 39 ' 11 '' E, alt. 820 m, 15. x. 2012, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 40 ♂, Guanlei, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 38 ' 39 '' N, 101 ° 09 ' 52 '' E, alt. 560 – 740 m, 7 ♂ (KIZ) on 14,15. xi. 2012, J. J. Gao, 33 ♂ (SCAU), 21 – 23. iv. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu; 26 ♂ (SCAU), Jinshan, Menglian, Yunnan, 22 ° 19 ' 56 '' N, 99 ° 34 ' 51 '' E, alt. 940 m, 1 ♂ on 17. iv. 2016, J. Huang, 7 ♂ on 23 – 25. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li, 18 ♂ on 15. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 37 ' 15 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 30. iv. 2016, J. Huang; 39 ♂ (SCAU), Mengdong, Cangyuan, Yunnan, 23 ° 10 ' 08 '' N, 99 ° 13 ' 52 '' E, alt. 1270 m, 21 ♂ on 6,7. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu, 18 ♂ on 19. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Nabang, Yingjiang, Yunnan, 24 ° 39 ' 51 '' N, 97 ° 35 ' 31 '' E, alt. 700 m, 17. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. L. Wang; 23 ♂ (SCAU), Mengyuan, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 47 ' 29 '' N, 101 ° 22 ' 59 '' E, alt. 995 m, 3 ♂ on 7. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu, 20 ♂ on 18. xii. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Guposhan, Hezhou, Guangxi, 24 ° 36 ' 10 '' N, 111 ° 35 ' 18 '' E, alt. 670 m, 29. vii. 2017, H. W. Chen; 15 ♂ (SCAU), Mengma, Menglian, Yunnan, 22 ° 13 ' 44 '' N, 99 ° 22 ' 37 '' E, alt. 1140 m, 15. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Botanic Garden, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 01 ' 12 '' N, 97 ° 51 ' 33 '' E, alt. 1170 m, 22. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Chebaling, Quannan, Jiangxi, 24 ° 43 ' 22 '' N, 114 ° 31 ' 49 '' E, alt. 410 m, 13. ix. 2018, H. W. Chen.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A6F6744FF10FE83FB49F9B0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Jiangxi *, Taiwan *, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Xizang *).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A6F6745FF10F9FDFDE4FF4A.taxon	description	(Fig. 12)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A6F6745FF10F9FDFDE4FF4A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is similar to P. pseudotau (Toda & Peng, 1990) and P. tau (Toda & Peng, 1990) in having the vertical process of gonopod with several minute, jagged-like projections apically (Fig. 12 C, as figs 12, 14 in Toda & Peng 1990), but can be distinguished from the above-mentioned two species by having the femur of hindleg with ca. 10 long setae on posteroventral surface, and the basal bridge of aedeagal median rod with 3 pairs of processes (Fig. 12 C). Specimens examined. CHINA: 2 ♂ (SCAU), Lijia, Taitung, Taiwan, alt. 1290 m, 28. iv. 1994, S. W. Chang; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Wugongshan, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 31. iv. 2005, C. F. Lee; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Pingzhena, Chiayi, Taiwan, alt. 500 m, 20. v. 2005, C. F. Lee; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Jiji Dashan, Nantou, Taiwan, 22. ii. 2006, C. F. Lee; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Dongyan- shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 5. i. 2010, no other data.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A6F6745FF10F9FDFDE4FF4A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Taiwan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A6E677AFF10FB71FE52FACD.taxon	description	(Fig. 13)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A6E677AFF10FB71FE52FACD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Aedeagal median rod with 2 rows of transparent, jagged-like processes medially (Fig. 13 C); paramere slightly protruded subapically (Fig. 13 C).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A6E677AFF10FB71FE52FACD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Máca (2003) identified P. kukuanensis Máca, 2003 from Taiwan as a new species based on the following characters: aedeagus subapically curved, basally less swollen and its apodeme being much longer; male abdominal sixth tergite extended on posterolateral corners. However, these characters are very common in P. flexuosa, even in the subgenus Phortica, such as P. chi (Toda & Sidorenko, 1996), P. eparmata (Okada, 1977), P. eugamma (Toda & Peng, 1990), and P. gamma (Toda & Peng, 1990). Specimens examined. CHINA: 20 ♂, Longgong, Anshun, Guizhou, 26 ° 05 ' 47 '' N, 105 ° 53 ' 08 '' E, alt. 750 m, 2 ♂ (SCAU) on 22. vii. 1994, L. M. Wei, 4 ♂ (SCAU) on 23. vii. 2000, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao, 14 ♂ (KIZ) on 25,26. ix. 2002, J. J. Gao, B. C. Wang; 26 ♂, Tianpingshan, Sangzhi, Hunan, 29 ° 44 ' 16 '' N, 110 ° 03 ' 02 '' E, alt. 1300 m, 20 ♂ (KIZ) on 1. ix. 2000, H. Takamori, 6 ♂ (SCAU) on 26. vii. 2007, H. W. Chen, X. P. Chen, Y. Cheng; 37 ♂, Foping, Meixian, Shaanxi, 34 ° 07 ' 10 '' N, 107 ° 52 ' 39 '' E, alt. 1500 m, 33 ♂ (KIZ) on 5,6. viii. 2003, J. J. Gao, W. H. Zhang, 4 ♂ (SCAU) on 18. vii. 2006, J. J. Jiang, M. F. Xu; 23 ♂ (KIZ), Fanjingshan, Tongren, Guizhou, 27 ° 52 ' 25 '' N, 108 ° 44 ' 03 '' E, alt. 1600 – 1800 m, 20. viii. 2003, J. J. Gao, W. H. Zhang; 28 ♂ (SCAU), Guanshan, Yifeng, Jiangxi, 28 ° 01 ' 04 '' N, 114 ° 25 ' 02 '' E, alt. 580 m, 8 – 10. vi. 2004, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 21 ♂ (SCAU), Wuyishan, Yanshan, Jiangxi, 27 ° 59 ' 38 '' N, 117 ° 49 ' 04 '' E, alt. 1200 – 1400 m, 15. vi. 2004, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 5 ♂, Jiaoye Park, Kunming, Yunnan, 25 ° 04 ' 13 '' N, 102 ° 37 ' 13 '' E, alt. 2100 m, 22. vii. 2004, J. J. Gao; 11 ♂ (SCAU), Samage, Weixi, Yunnan, 27 ° 36 ' 20 '' N, 99 ° 24 ' 10 '' E, alt. 2700 – 2900 m, 27 – 29. vii. 2004, H. W. Chen, Y. F. Li; 17 ♂ (SCAU), Baiyunshan, Luoyang, Henan, 33 ° 40 ' 19 '' N, 111 ° 51 ' 46 '' E, 10 – 12. vii. 2005, J. J. Jiang, T. Li; 22 ♂ (SCAU), Hongping, Dajiuhu, Shennongjia, Hubei, 31 ° 40 ' 37 '' N, 110 ° 25 ' 28 '' E, alt. 1720 m, 27. vii – 3. viii. 2005, H. Z. Cao, H. W. Chen, J. J. Jiang, T. Li, M. F. Xu, F. Zhao; 12 ♂ (SCAU), Maoniuhe, Danba, Sichuan, 30 ° 48 ' 41 '' N, 101 ° 47 ' 02 '' E, alt. 2650 m, 15. ix. 2005, H. W. Chen, H. L. Cao, M. F. Xu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Renai, Nantou, Taiwan, alt. 2100 m, 20. ix. 2005, S. W. Chang; 35 ♂ (SCAU), Fengtongzhai, Baoxing, Sichuan, 30 ° 32 ' 42 '' N, 102 ° 54 ' 24 '' E, alt. 1400 m, 15 ♂ on 23. ix. 2005, H. L. Cao, H. W. Chen, M. F. Xu, 13 ♂ on 9. vii. 2007, H. Z. Cao, J. J. Jiang, 7 ♂ on 15. vii. 2017, L. Gong, Y. Lin, N. N. Wang, Y. L. Wang; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Xianheping, Xingyi, Guizhou, 24 ° 59 ' 36 '' N, 105 ° 36 ' 14 '' E, alt. 1300 m, 29. iv. 2006, M. F. Xu; 31 ♂ (SCAU), Jizushan, Binchuan, Yunnan, 25 ° 56 ' 54 '' N, 100 ° 23 ' 58 '' E, alt. 2100 m, 23 ♂ on 21. viii. 2006, H. L. Cao, H. Z. Cao, T. Li, 8 ♂ on 19. vii. 2009, L. Wang, L. Wu; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Grand Canyon, Maoershan, Xing'an, Guangxi, 25 ° 51 ' 28 '' N, 110 ° 25 ' 01 '' E, alt. 380 – 580 m, 22 – 24. ix. 2006, J. J. Jiang, F. Zhao; 6 ♂ (SCAU), E'meishan, Leshan, Sichuan, 29 ° 36 ' 14 '' N, 103 ° 28 ' 56 '' E, alt. 700 m, 7. vii. 2007, H. Z. Cao, J. J. Gao, J. J. Jiang; 17 ♂ (SCAU), Huoditang, Ningshan, Shaanxi, 33 ° 26 ' 02 '' N, 108 ° 26 ' 53 '' E, alt. 1500 m, 16. vii. 2007, J. J. Jiang, M. F. Xu; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Caiyanghe, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22 ° 35 ' 41 '' N, 101 ° 06 ' 20 '' E, alt. 1420 m, 27. vii. 2009, L. Wang, L. Wu; 2 ♂ (TMNS), Tongmai, Bomi, Xizang, 30 ° 06 ' 00 '' N, 95 ° 05 ' 00 '' E, alt. 1000 m, 9. x. 2010, L. Wu; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Hesong, Menghai, Yunnan, 21 ° 50 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 05 ' 48 '' E, alt. 1700 – 1900 m, 6 – 8. iv. 2011, J. M. Lu, Y. R. Su; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Bahsienshan, Taichung, Taiwan, 5. vi. 2011, X. Y. Liu; 9 ♂ (SCAU), Baihualing, Baoshan, Yunnan, 25 ° 17 ' 50 '' N, 98 ° 48 ' 12 '' E, alt. 1400 – 1700 m, 6 ♂ on 13 – 17. vi. 2011, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao, 3 ♂ on 23. viii. 2013, Q. S. Gao, K. Liu; 21 ♂ (SCAU), Sanchahe, Xishui, Guizhou, 28 ° 30 ' 03 '' N, 106 ° 24 ' 16 '' E, alt. 1000 m, 6 ♂ on 8. viii. 2011, J. Huang, Y. R. Su, 15 ♂ on 18. v. 2012, K. Liu, J. M. Lu, X. Y. Xu; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Hutiaoxia, Diqing, Yunnan, 27 ° 11 ' 24 '' N, 100 ° 02 ' 55 '' E, alt. 1800 m, 23. viii. 2011, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Mayanghe, Yanhe, Guizhou, 28 ° 40 ' 37 '' N, 108 ° 19 ' 33 '' E, alt. 1100 m, 23,24. v. 2012, K. Liu, J. M. Lu, X. Y. Xu; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Qizimeis- han, Xuan'en, Hubei, 30 ° 03 ' 21 '' N, 109 ° 49 ' 29 '' E, alt. 1150 m, 7,8. vi. 2012, K. Liu, J. M. Lu, X. Y. Xu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Mulinzi, Hefeng, Hubei, 29 ° 55 ' 59 '' N, 109 ° 59 ' 30 '' E, alt. 1500 m, 11. vi. 2012, J. M. Lu; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Haoping, Meix- ian, Shaanxi, 34 ° 05 ' 22 '' N, 107 ° 42 ' 24 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 12. vii. 2012, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 9 ♂ (SCAU), Zhuque Forest Park, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 33 ° 54 ' 26 '' N, 108 ° 30 ' 50 '' E, alt. 1500 m, 12. vii. 2012, J. Huang, S. J. Yan; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 37 ' 15 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 30. iv. 2016, J. Huang, Y. L. Wang; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Tong- biguan, Yingjiang, Yunnan, 24 ° 37 ' 04 '' N, 97 ° 40 ' 03 '' E, 1313 m, 19. v. 2016, J. Huang; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Langping, Tian- lin, Guangxi, 24 ° 27 ' 43 '' N, 106 ° 22 ' 52 '' E, alt. 1490 m, 30. vii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong; 16 ♂ (SCAU), Dafengding, Mabian, Sichuan, 28 ° 38 ' 56 '' N, 103 ° 21 ' 50 '' E, alt. 1270 m, 25 – 27. vi. 2017, L. Gong, Y. Lin, N. N. Wang, Y. L. Wang; 22 ♂ (SCAU), Gexigou, Yajiang, Sichuan, 30 ° 02 ' 58 '' N, 100 ° 57 ' 36 '' E, alt. 2874 m, 12. vii. 2017, L. Gong, Y. Lin, N. N. Wang, Y. L. Wang; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Mucheng, Longling, Yunnan, 24 ° 08 ' 48 '' N, 98 ° 44 ' 48 '' E, alt. 900 m, 10. xi. 2017, L. Gong, B. X. Li.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A6E677AFF10FB71FE52FACD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Henan, Shaanxi, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Xizang *).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A51677BFF10FA67FA78FC59.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Surstylus somewhat oblong; vertical process of gonopod dilated laterally, with 1 or 2 small projection (s) mediodorsally or apically; aedeagal outer membrane mostly with numerous spinules (after Chen & Toda 1997).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A51677BFF10FA67FA78FC59.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Chen & Toda (1997) described two variable characters as the diagnosis of P. antillaria, but we have not yet found sufficient morphological or molecular evidence in supporting P. antillaria as a different species compared with P. foliata. Specimens examined. CHINA: 1 ♂ (SCAU), Lijia, Taitung, Taiwan, alt. 1300 m, 28. iv. 1994, S. W. Chang; 3 ♂ (KIZ), Jiaoye Park, Kunming, Yunnan, 25 ° 04 ' 13 '' N, 102 ° 37 ' 13 '' E, alt. 2100 m, 22. vii. 2004, J. J. Gao; 2 ♂ (KIZ), Yixiang, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22 ° 44 ' 19 '' N, 101 ° 07 ' 01 '' E, alt. 1400 m, 6. xii. 2000, J. J. Gao; 24 ♂ (SCAU), Nanling, Ruyuan, Guangdong, 24 ° 05 ' 22 '' N, 113 ° 04 ' 47 '' E, alt. 550 – 1500 m, 5 ♂ on 23. vii. 2002, H. Takamori, 6 ♂ on 2 – 5. v. 2004, H. W. Chen, 11 ♂ on 8 – 10. ix. 2017, L. Gong, N. N. Wang, 2 ♂ on 28. v. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Menglun South 5 km, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 59 ' 57 '' N, 101 ° 02 ' 50 '' E, alt. 820 – 890 m, 8. iii. 2003, J. J. Gao; 1 ♂ (KIZ), Xujiaba, Jingdong, Yunnan, 24 ° 31 ' 04 '' N, 101 ° 00 ' 46 '' E, alt. 1700 m, 14. xi. 2003, B. C. Wang; 17 ♂, Diaoluoshan, Lingshui, Hainan, 18 ° 43 ' 51 '' N, 109 ° 51 ' 28 '' E, alt. 980 m, 2 ♂ (SCAU) on 3. xii. 2003, H. W. Chen, 5 ♂ (SCAU) on 22 – 24. v. 2004, H. W. Chen, 6 ♂ on 17. v. 2005, H. L. Cao, H. W. Chen, M. F. Xu, 4 ♂ (KIZ) on 23. iv. 2008, X. P. Chen, J. J. Gao; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Wuyishan, Yanshan, Jiangxi, 27 ° 59 ' 38 '', 117 ° 49 ' 04 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 15. vi. 2004, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Mangshan, Yizhang, Hunan, 24 ° 56 ' 53 '' N, 112 ° 54 ' 01 '' E, alt. 1200 – 1300 m, 25 – 27. iv. 2005, H. L. Cao, M. F. Xu; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Pingzhena, Chiayi, Taiwan, alt. 500 m, 20. v. 2005, C. F. Lee; 13 ♂ (SCAU), Renai, Nantou, Tai- wan, alt. 2100 m, 20. ix. 2005, S. W. Chang; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Jizushan, Binchuan, Yunnan, 25 ° 56 ' 54 '' N, 100 ° 23 ' 58 '' E, alt. 2100 m, 21. viii. 2006, H. L. Cao, H. Z. Cao, T. Li; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Grand Canyon, Maoershan, Xing'an, Guangxi, 25 ° 51 ' 28 '' N, 110 ° 25 ' 01 '' E, alt. 380 – 580 m, 22. ix. 2006, J. J. Jiang, F. Zhao; 1 ♂ (SCAU), E'meishan, Leshan, Sich- uan, 29 ° 36 ' 14 '' N, 103 ° 28 ' 56 '' E, alt. 700 m, 7. vii. 2007, H. Z. Cao; 15 ♂ (8 ♂ in KIZ, 7 ♂ in SCAU), Jianfengling, Le- dong, Hainan, 18 ° 41 ' 50 '' N, 108 ° 50 ' 04 '' E, alt. 700 – 860 m, 17. iv. 2008, X. P. Chen, J. J. Gao; 3 ♂ (KIZ), Damingshan, Shanglin, Guangxi, 23 ° 41 ' 01 '' N, 108 ° 30 ' 33 '' E, alt. 900 m, 15. iii. 2009, J. J. Gao; 9 ♂ (SCAU), Dongyanshan, Taoyu- an, Taiwan, 5. i. 2010, no other data; 1 ♂ (TMNS), Tongmai, Bomi, Xizang, 30 ° 06 ' 00 '' N, 95 ° 05 ' 00 '' E, alt. 2000 m, 11. x. 2010, L. Wang; 68 ♂, Hesong, Menghai, Yunnan, 21 ° 50 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 05 ' 48 '' E, alt. 1700 – 1900 m, 43 ♂ (SCAU) on 6. iv. 2011, J. M. Lu, Z. F. Shao, Y. R. Su, 25 ♂ (15 ♂ in KIZ, 10 ♂ in SCAU) on 7,12. v. 2012, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 25 ♂, Baihualing, Baoshan, Yunnan, 25 ° 17 ' 50 '' N, 98 ° 48 ' 12 '' E, alt. 1400 m, 10 ♂ (KIZ) on 12. vi. 2011, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao, 15 ♂ (SCAU) on 24. viii. 2013, Q. S. Gao, K. Liu; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Langping, Tianlin, Guangxi, 24 ° 27 ' 43 '' N, 106 ° 22 ' 52 '' E, alt. 1490 m, 30. vii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Banpo, Lüchun, Yunnan, 22 ° 34 ' 50 '' N, 102 ° 34 ' 50 '' E, alt. 560 – 860 m, 27. x. 2016, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Dawuling, Xinyi, Guang- dong, 22 ° 16 ' 29 '' N, 111 ° 11 ' 39 '' E, alt. 570 m, 22. vi. 2017, H. W. Chen; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Zhongshan, Mangshi, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 49 '' N, 98 ° 31 ' 27 '' E, alt. 1480 m, 3. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, B. X. Li; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Moli Forest Park, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 05 '' N, 97 ° 58 ' 51 '' E, alt. 920 m, 8. xi. 2017, B. X. Li; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 37 ' 15 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 16. iv. 2018, L. Gong.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A51677BFF10FA67FA78FC59.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Jiangxi *, Hunan *, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan *, Guizhou, Xizang *).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A536779FF10FF33FF2AFD31.taxon	description	(Fig. 5 E, F)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A536779FF10FF33FF2AFD31.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Aedeagal median rod with 2 pairs of small processes subapically (as fig. 6 in Toda & Peng 1990); posterior bands of male abdominal third to fifth tergites not connect to lateral margins (Fig. 5 F). Specimens examined. CHINA: 16 ♂ (KIZ), Tongmu, Wuyishan, Fujian, 27 ° 54 ' 33 '' N, 117 ° 51 ' 54 '' E, 16 – 18. viii. 2001, H. W. Chen, M. Nozawa, H. Watabe; 35 ♂, Yixiang, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22 ° 44 ' 19 '' N, 101 ° 07 ' 01 '' E, alt. 1400 m, 2 ♂ (SCAU) on 15. ix. 2002, H. W. Chen, 27 ♂ (SCAU) on 2. x. 2011, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao, 6 ♂ (KIZ) on 13. v. 2012, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 8 ♂, Menglun South 5 km, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 59 ' 57 '' N, 101 ° 02 ' 50 '' E, alt. 820 – 890 m, 2 ♂ (KIZ) on 8. iii. 2003, M. J. Toda, 6 ♂ (SCAU) on 15. iii. 2005, Y. F. Li; 12 ♂ (SCAU), Shimentai, Yingde, Guangdong, 24 ° 25 ' 49 '' N, 113 ° 17 ' 50 '' E, alt. 630 m, 9. iv. 2004, H. W. Chen; 65 ♂, Nanling, Ruyuan, Guangdong, 24 ° 05 ' 22 '' N, 113 ° 04 ' 47 '' E, alt. 1100 m, 6 ♂ on 3 – 6. v. 2004, H. W. Chen, 20 ♂ on 24. viii. 2010, M. F. Xu, 37 ♂ on 8 – 10. ix. 2017, L. Gong, N. N. Wang, 2 ♂ (SCAU) on 28. v. 2018, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 17 ♂ (SCAU), Guanshan, Yifeng, Jiangxi, 28 ° 01 ' 04 '' N, 114 ° 25 ' 02 '' E, alt. 580 m, 8 – 10. vi. 2004, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Wuyishan, Yanshan, Jiangxi, 28 ° 00 ' 22 '' N, 117 ° 44 ' 29 '' E, alt. 1200 – 1400 m, 15. vi. 2004, H. W. Chen; 10 ♂ (SCAU), Dinghushan, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 23 ° 10 ' 17 '' N, 112 ° 32 ' 31 '' E, alt. 580 – 670 m, 4 ♂ on 25. xi. 2004, 6 ♂ on 5. iv. 2005, H. L. Cao, H. W. Chen, M. F. Xu; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Mangshan, Yizhang, Hunan, 24 ° 56 ' 53 '' N, 112 ° 54 ' 01 '' E, alt. 1200 – 1300 m, 25 – 27. iv. 2005, H. L. Cao, M. F. Xu; 11 ♂ (SCAU), Heishiding, Fengkai, Guangdong, 23 ° 27 ' 37 '' N, 111 ° 54 ' 10 '' E, alt. 570 m, 23. v. 2005, M. J. Toda; 4 ♂ (KIZ), Jizushan, Binchuan, Yunnan, 25 ° 56 ' 54 '' N, 100 ° 23 ' 58 '' E, alt. 2100 m, 27. viii. 2005, J. J. Gao; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Dajiuhu, Shennongjia, Hubei, 2,3. viii. 2005, H. W. Chen, J. J. Jiang, M. F. Xu; 33 ♂ (SCAU), Grand Canyon, Maoershan, Xing'an, Guangxi, 25 ° 51 ' 28 '' N, 110 ° 25 ' 01 '' E, alt. 720 m, 31 ♂ on 22. ix. 2006, J. J. Jiang, F. Zhao, 2 ♂ on 17. iii. 2007, M. Y. Tian; 13 ♂, Chebaling, Shixing, Guangdong, 24 ° 48 ' 43 '' N, 114 ° 11 ' 03 '' E, 420 m, 8 ♂ on 26. v. 2007, J. J. Jiang, 2 ♂ on 9. viii. 2007, J. J. Jiang, 3 ♂ on 13. ix. 2017, L. Gong, N. N. Wang; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Emeis- han, Leshan, Sichuan, 29 ° 36 ' 14 '' N, 103 ° 28 ' 56 '' E, alt. 700 m, 7. vii. 2007, H. Z. Cao, J. J. Gao, J. J. Jiang; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Ziyang, Wuyuan, Jiangxi, 29 ° 15 ' 60 '' N, 117 ° 50 ' 46 '' E, alt. 320 m, 23. x. 2007, H. W. Chen; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Dinghushan, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 23 ° 10 ' 17 '' N, 112 ° 32 ' 31 '' E, alt. 580 – 670 m, 13. iv. 2008, H. W. Chen, X. P. Chen, J. J. Gao; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Jianfengling, Ledong, Hainan, 18 ° 41 ' 50 '' N, 108 ° 50 ' 04 '' E, alt. 700 – 890 m, 6. v. 2005, H. W. Chen, MF; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Hesong, Menghai, Yunnan, 21 ° 50 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 05 ' 48 '' E, alt. 1700 – 1900 m, 16. iv. 2010, J. J. Gao, L. Wang; 32 ♂ (SCAU), Longtan Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 38 ' 44 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 39 '' E, alt. 1170 m, 17 ♂ on 31. iii. 2011, J. M. Lu, Z. F. Shao, Y. R. Su, S. J. Yan, 3 ♂ on 2. v. 2016, J. Huang, 12 ♂ on 26,27. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 112 ♂ (SCAU), Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 37 ' 15 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 12 ♂ on 4. iv. 2011, J. M. Lu, Y. R. Su, Y. L. Wang, S. J. Yan, 20 ♂ on 3. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu, 20 ♂ on 11. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu, 27 ♂ on 26. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li, 33 ♂ on 26. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Sanchahe, Xishui, Guizhou, 28 ° 30 ' 03 '' N, 106 ° 24 ' 16 '' E, alt. 1000 m, 17. v. 2012, K. Liu, J. M. Lu, X. Y. Xu; 3 ♂ (KIZ), Kangping, Jiangcheng, Yunnan, 22 ° 36 ' 32 '' N, 101 ° 27 ' 05 '' E, 13. v. 2012, J. J. Gao; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Ma- yanghe, Yanhe, Guizhou, 28 ° 40 ' 37 '' N, 108 ° 19 ' 33 '' E, alt. 1100 m, 24. v. 2012, K. Liu, X. Y. Xu; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Jinshan, Menglian, Yunnan, 22 ° 19 ' 56 '' N, 99 ° 34 ' 51 '' E, alt. 940 m, 2 ♂ on 17. iv. 2016, J. Huang, 2 ♂ on 14,15. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Likan, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 39 ' 21 '' N, 99 ° 36 ' 28 '' E, alt. 840 m, 1. v. 2016, J. Huang; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Wulaoshan, Lincang, Yunnan, 23 ° 15 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 11 ' 38 '' E, alt. 2155 m, 14. v. 2016, J. Huang; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Tongbiguan, Yingjiang, Yunnan, 24 ° 37 ' 04 '' N, 97 ° 40 ' 03 '' E, alt. 1313 m, 19. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu; 103 ♂ (SCAU), Botanic Garden, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 01 ' 12 '' N, 97 ° 51 ' 33 '' E, alt. 1170 m, 18 ♂ on 22. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu, 62 ♂ on 22. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu, 14 ♂ (SCAU) on 6. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li, 9 ♂ (SCAU) on 22. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Langping, Tianlin, Guangxi, 24 ° 27 ' 43 '' N, 106 ° 22 ' 52 '' E, alt. 1490 m, 30. vii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 15 ♂ (SCAU), Qimaba, Lüchun, Yunnan, 22 ° 49 ' 08 '' N, 102 ° 17 ' 25 '' E, alt. 1280 m, 10 ♂ on 3. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu, 5 ♂ on 30. x. 2016, H. W. Chen; 27 ♂ (SCAU), Waluo, Jiangcheng, Yunnan, 22 ° 31 ' 27 '' N, 101 ° 52 ' 21 '' E, alt. 1100 m, 5. viii. 2016, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 14 ♂ (SCAU), Mengyuan, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 47 ' 29 '' N, 101 ° 22 ' 59 '' E, alt. 876 m, 10 ♂ on 7. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu, 4 ♂ on 18. xii. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong; 8 ♂ (SCAU), Xincheng, Yingjiang, Yunnan, 24 ° 46 ' 50 '' N, 98 ° 04 ' 30 '' E, alt. 960 m, 18. viii. 2016, L. Gong; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Banpo, Lü- chun, Yunnan, 22 ° 34 ' 50 '' N, 102 ° 34 ' 50 '' E, alt. 650 m, 28. x. 2016, H. W. Chen; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Shengtangshan, Jinxiu, Guangxi, 23 ° 58 ' 23 '' N, 110 ° 06 ' 45 '' E, alt. 1300 m, 31. vii. 2017, H. W. Chen; 13 ♂ (SCAU), Mengbin, Lancang, Yunnan, 22 ° 30 ' 38 '' N, 99 ° 53 ' 26 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 17. viii. 2017, H. W. Chen; 27 ♂ (SCAU), Nanling (Shangsongshan), Lancang, Yunnan, 22 ° 47 ' 57 '' N, 99 ° 55 ' 11 '' E, alt. 1430 m, 23. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Shangnon- gkang, Gengma, Yunnan, 23 ° 32 ' 26 '' N, 99 ° 21 ' 21 '' E, alt. 1315 m, 1. xi. 2017, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Bang- dong, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 06 ' 09 '' N, 97 ° 50 ' 55 '' E, alt. 1370 m, 6. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 7 ♂ (SCAU), Zhongshan, Mangshi, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 49 '' N, 98 ° 31 ' 27 '' E, alt. 850 m, 8. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Bangda, Mangshi, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 55 '' N, 98 ° 13 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1710 m, 8. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Mucheng, Longling, Yunnan, 24 ° 08 ' 48 '' N, 98 ° 44 ' 48 '' E, alt. 900 m, 10. xi. 2017, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Santai, Mangshi, Yunnan, 24 ° 19 ' 24 '' N, 98 ° 20 ' 32 '' E, alt. 900 m, 10. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 14 ♂, Mengma, Menglian, Yunnan, 22 ° 13 ' 44 '' N, 99 ° 22 ' 37 '' E, alt. 1140 m, 15. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 25 ♂ (SCAU), Mengdong, Cangyuan, Yunnan, 23 ° 10 ' 08 '' N, 99 ° 13 ' 52 '' E, alt. 1260 m, 19. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Lianhuashan, Jinxiu, Guangxi, 24 ° 09 ' 06 '' N, 110 ° 06 ' 21 '' E, alt. 1150 m, 20. viii. 2018, H. W. Chen; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Yangling, Chongyi, Jiangxi, 25 ° 37 ' 20 '' N, 114 ° 18 ' 21 '' E, alt. 800 m, 11. ix. 2018, H. W. Chen.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A536779FF10FF33FF2AFD31.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Hubei *, Jiangxi *, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A526779FF10FD73FDE4FBB2.taxon	description	(Fig. 14)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A526779FF10FD73FDE4FBB2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Surstylus with 1 long ventral and 2 short dorsal spines on apical margin (Fig. 14 A, B). Specimens examined. CHINA: 2 ♂ (SCAU), Zhongheng Road (Central Cross-Island Highway), 124.6 km, Taiwan, 7. vii. 1994, S. W. Chang; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Renai, Nantou, Taiwan, alt. 2100 m, 20. ix. 2005, S. W. Chang.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A526779FF10FD73FDE4FBB2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Taiwan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A55677EFF10FF33FB92F8D9.taxon	description	(Figs. 5 G, 5 H, 15)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A55677EFF10FF33FB92F8D9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is very similar to P. cardua Okada, 1977 in the male terminalia (Figs. 7 C – E, 15 C – E), but can be distinguished from the latter by having the posterior bands of male abdominal third to fifth tergites nearly not connect to lateral margins (Fig. 5 H); male arista with 2 or 3 ventral branches medially, the longest ventral branch longer than 1 / 2 the longest dorsal branch (Fig. 15 A); male abdominal sixth tergite laterally narrower than in P. cardua (Figs. 7 B, 15 B). Specimens examined. CHINA: 2 ♂ (SCAU), Menglun South 5 km, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 59 ' 57 '' N, 101 ° 02 ' 50 '' E, alt. 820 – 890 m, 22. ix. 2003, H. W. Chen; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Conghua, Guangdong, 23 ° 43 ' 30 '' N, 113 ° 48 ' 20 '' E, alt. 350 m, 3. xi. 2003, 12. x. 2005, H. W. Chen; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Nankunshan, Longmen, Guangdong, 23 ° 34 ' 39 '' N, 113 ° 59 ' 56 '' E, alt. 630 m, 2. iv. 2004, H. W. Chen; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Shimengtai, Yingde, Guangdong, 24 ° 24 ' 22 '' N, 113 ° 18 ' 25 '' E, 10. iv. 2004, H. W. Chen; 41 ♂ (SCAU), Nanling, Ruyuan, Guangdong, 24 ° 05 ' 22 '' N, 113 ° 04 ' 47 '' E, alt. 550 – 1500 m, 3 ♂ on 2, 3. v. 2004, H. W. Chen, 30 ♂ (10 ♂ in KIZ, 20 ♂ in SCAU) on 8 – 10. ix. 2017, L. Gong, N. N. Wang, 8 ♂ on 28. v. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 6 ♂ (3 ♂ in KIZ, 3 ♂ in SCAU), Guanshan, Yifeng, Jiangxi, 28 ° 01 ' 04 '' N, 114 ° 25 ' 02 '' E, alt. 580 m, 8 – 10. vi. 2004, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Mangshan, Yizhang, Hunan, 24 ° 56 ' 53 '' N, 112 ° 54 ' 01 '' E, alt. 1200 – 1300 m, 25 – 27. iv. 2005, H. L. Cao, M. F. Xu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Heishiding, Fengkai, Guangdong, 23 ° 27 ' 37 '' N, 111 ° 54 ' 10 '' E, alt. 570 m, 23. v. 2005, M. J. Toda; 17 ♂, Grand Canyon, Maoershan, Xing'an, Guangxi, 25 ° 51 ' 28 '' N, 110 ° 25 ' 01 '' E, alt. 720 m, 9 ♂ (SCAU) on 21. ix. 2006, J. J. Jiang, F. Zhao, 3 ♂ (SCAU) on 17 – 19. iii. 2007, M. Y. Tian, 5 ♂ (KIZ) on 22. ix. 2007, J. J. Gao; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Ziyang, Wuyuan, Jiangxi, 29 ° 15 ' 60 '' N, 117 ° 50 ' 46 '' E, alt. 320 m, 27. x. 2006, H. W. Chen; 2 ♂ (SCAU), E'meishan, Leshan, Sichuan, 29 ° 36 ' 14 '' N, 103 ° 28 ' 56 '' E, alt. 700 m, 7. vii. 2007, H. Z. Cao, J. J. Gao, J. J. Jiang; 32 ♂ (SCAU), Chebaling, Shixing, Guangdong, 24 ° 48 ' 43 '' N, 114 ° 11 ' 03 '' E, alt. 420 m, 4 ♂ on 8. ix. 2007, J. J. Jiang, 28 ♂ on 13. ix. 2017, L. Gong, N. N. Wang; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Zhengxing, Jinggu, Yunnan, 23 ° 19 ' 54 '' N, 100 ° 57 ' 45 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 24. vii. 2009, L. Wang, L. Wu; 7 ♂, Yixiang, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22 ° 44 ' 19 '' N, 101 ° 07 ' 01 '' E, alt. 1400 m, 2 ♂ (KIZ) on 18. ix. 2009, J. J. Gao, 5 ♂ (SCAU) on 2. x. 2011, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 73 ♂ (SCAU), Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 37 ' 15 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 8 ♂ on 2. iv. 2011, J. M. Lu, Z. F. Shao, Y. R. Su, S. J. Yan, 42 ♂ on 3. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu, 8 ♂ on 11. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu, 15 ♂ on 26. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 10 ♂ (SCAU), Mengdong, Cangyuan, Yunnan, 23 ° 10 ' 08 '' N, 99 ° 13 ' 52 '' E, alt. 1260 m, 6,7. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Wulaoshan, Lincang, Yunnan, 23 ° 15 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 11 ' 38 '' E, alt. 2155 m, 14. v. 2016, J. Huang; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Tongbiguan, Yingjiang, Yunnan, 24 ° 37 ' 04 '' N, 97 ° 40 ' 03 '' E, alt. 1313 m, 19. v. 2016, J. Huang; 15 ♂ (SCAU), Botanic Garden, Ruili, Yun- nan, 24 ° 01 ' 12 '' N, 97 ° 51 ' 33 '' E, alt. 1170 m, 2 ♂ on 23. v. 2016, J. Huang, 6 ♂ on 22. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu, 5 ♂ on 6. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li, 2 ♂ on 22. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Qimaba, Lüchun, Yunnan, 22 ° 49 ' 08 '' N, 102 ° 17 ' 25 '' E, alt. 1280 m, 3. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Nanling (Shangsongshan), Lancang, Yunnan, 22 ° 47 ' 57 '' N, 99 ° 55 ' 11 '' E, alt. 1870 m, 12. viii. 2016, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Wenquan, Changning, Yunnan, 24 ° 35 ' 34 '' N, 99 ° 55 ' 18 '' E, alt. 1530 m, 16. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen; 13 ♂ (SCAU), Xincheng, Yingjiang, Yunnan, 24 ° 46 ' 50 '' N, 98 ° 04 ' 30 '' E, alt. 960 m, 18. viii. 2016, L. Gong; 10 ♂ (SCAU), Mengbin, Lancang, Yunnan, 22 ° 30 ' 38 '' N, 99 ° 53 ' 26 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 17. viii. 2017, H. W. Chen; 20 ♂ (SCAU), Longtan Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 38 ' 44 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 39 '' E, alt. 1170 m, 13 ♂ on 26,27. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li, 7 ♂ on 17. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 8 ♂ (SCAU), Zhongshan, Mangshi, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 49 '' N, 98 ° 31 ' 27 '' E, alt. 850 m, 8. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Bangda, Mangshi, Yun- nan, 24 ° 07 ' 55 '' N, 98 ° 13 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1710 m, 8. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Mucheng, Longling, Yunnan, 24 ° 08 ' 48 '' N, 98 ° 44 ' 48 '' E, alt. 900 m, 10. xi. 2017, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Mengma, Menglian, Yun- nan, 22 ° 13 ' 44 '' N, 99 ° 22 ' 37 '' E, alt. 1140 m, 15. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Moli Forest Park, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 05 '' N, 97 ° 58 ' 51 '' E, alt. 920 m, 23. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Yangling, Chongyi, Ji- angxi, 25 ° 39 ' 37 '' N, 114 ° 18 ' 31 '' E, alt. 530 m, 11. ix. 2018, H. W. Chen.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A55677EFF10FF33FB92F8D9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Jiangxi *, Hunan *, Guangdong *, Guangxi *, Sichuan *, Yunnan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A54677FFF10F99DFD7DF86F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Aedeagal median rod with 1 pair of asymmetrical, beak-like processes submedially; aedeagal outer membrane basolaterally with 1 brown patch on each side (after Chen & Toda 1998). Specimens examined. CHINA: 2 ♂ (SCAU), Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 54 ' 57 '' N, 101 ° 16 ' 23 '' E, alt. 580 m, 8. iii. 2003, J. J. Gao; 14 ♂, Diaoluoshan, Lingshui, Hainan, 18 ° 43 ' 51 '' N, 109 ° 51 ' 28 '' E, alt. 980 m, 2 ♂ (SCAU) on 2. xii. 2003, H. W. Chen, 7 ♂ (SCAU) on 22 – 24. v. 2004, H. W. Chen, 4 ♂ (SCAU) on 18. v. 2005, H. L. Cao, H. W. Chen, M. F. Xu, 1 ♂ (KIZ) on 23. iv. 2008, J. J. Gao; 23 ♂ (SCAU), Jianfengling, Ledong, Hainan, 18 ° 41 ' 50 '' N, 108 ° 50 ' 04 '' E, alt. 700 – 890 m, 6 ♂ on 16. v. 2005, H. L. Cao, H. W. Chen, M. F. Xu, 17 ♂ (KIZ) on 20. iv. 2008, X. P. Chen, J. J. Gao.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A54677FFF10F99DFD7DF86F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Hainan, Yunnan *).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A57677CFF10FF33FDE4FE45.taxon	description	(Fig. 16)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A57677CFF10FF33FDE4FE45.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species resembles P. eugamma (Toda & Peng, 1990) in the male terminalia, but can be distinguished from the latter by having the male abdominal sixth tergite not extended on posterolateral corners; aedeagal median rod lacking process distally (Fig. 16 C). Specimen examined. CHINA: Paratype: 1 ♂ (BRM), Chyrduan, I-lan County, 4. iv. 1991, J. Máca.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A57677CFF10FF33FDE4FE45.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Taiwan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A57677DFF10F99FFD14FD89.taxon	description	(Fig. 17)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A57677DFF10F99FFD14FD89.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Aedeagal median rod sometimes bifurcated apically, with 2 processes subapically (Fig. 17 C, psa; small and symmetrical in the specimens from Hainan, as fig. 26 in Cheng et al. 2008) and 3 pairs of slender, slightly asymmetrical processes submedially (Fig. 17 C); aedeagal basal bridges lacking slender process in the specimens from Xizang (Fig. 17 C). Specimens examined. CHINA: 1 ♂ (SCAU), Caiyanghe, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22 ° 35 ' 41 '' N, 101 ° 06 ' 20 '' E, alt. 1420 m, 27. ix. 2009, L. Wang; 15 ♂ (5 ♂ in KIZ, 5 ♂ in SCAU, 5 ♂ in TMNS), Beibeng, Motuo, Xizang, 29 ° 19 ' 00 '' N, 95 ° 20 ' 00 '' E, alt. 800 – 1010 m, 29. ix – 3. x. 2010, J. J. Gao, Y. R. Su, L. Wang, L. Wu; 2 ♂ (KIZ), Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 54 ' 57 '' N, 101 ° 16 ' 23 '' E, alt. 680 m, 28. ix. 2011, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Baihualing, Baoshan, Yunnan, 25 ° 17 ' 50 '' N, 98 ° 48 ' 12 '' E, alt. 1400 m, 24. viii. 2013, Q. S. Gao; 5 ♂, Guanlei, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 38 ' 39 '' N, 101 ° 09 ' 52 '' E, alt. 620 – 740 m, 2 ♂ (KIZ) on 14. xi. 2013, J. J. Gao, 3 ♂ (SCAU) on 23. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 37 ' 15 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 30. iv. 2016, J. Huang; 16 ♂ (SCAU), Mengdong, Cangyuan, Yunnan, 23 ° 10 ' 08 '' N, 99 ° 13 ' 52 '' E, alt. 1320 m, 6. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Nabang, Yingjiang, Yunnan, 24 ° 39 ' 51 '' N, 97 ° 35 ' 31 '' E, alt. 700 m, 17. v. 2016, J. Huang; 66 ♂ (SCAU), Botanic Garden, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 01 ' 12 '' N, 97 ° 51 ' 33 '' E, alt. 1170 m, 21 ♂ on 23. v. 2016, 22 ♂ on 22. viii. 2016, 7 ♂ on 6. xi. 2017, 16 ♂ on 22. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, J. Huang, B. X. Li, Y. Lin, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Wenquan, Changning, Yunnan, 24 ° 35 ' 34 '' N, 99 ° 55 ' 18 '' E, alt. 1530 m, 16. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Mengyuan, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 47 ' 29 '' N, 101 ° 22 ' 59 '' E, alt. 876 m, 18. xii. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Mengma, Menglian, Yunnan, 22 ° 13 ' 44 '' N, 99 ° 22 ' 37 '' E, alt. 1140 m, 15. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A57677DFF10F99FFD14FD89.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Hainan, Yunnan *, Xizang *).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A566773FF10F887FBA1FE41.taxon	description	(Fig. 18)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A566773FF10F887FBA1FE41.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Aedeagal median rod more or less dilated apically, with 1 small cleft per side (Fig. 18 C, D). Specimens examined. CHINA: 12 ♂ (SCAU), Baishilazi, Kuandian, Liaoning, 40 ° 54 ' 47 '' N, 124 ° 48 ' 41 '' E, alt. 560 – 870 m, 8. vi. 1994, H. W. Chen; 30 ♂, Longgong, Anshun, Guizhou, 26 ° 05 ' 47 '' N, 105 ° 53 ' 08 '' E, alt. 750 m, 5 ♂ (KIZ) on 22 – 24. vii. 2000, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao, 25 ♂ (SCAU) on 25 – 27. ix. 2002, J. J. Gao, B. C. Wang; 281 ♂ (SCAU), Guanmenshan Forest Park, Benxi, Liaoning, 41 º 07 ' 44 '' N, 124 º 09 ' 30 '' E, alt. 446 m, 56 ♂ on 28. vii. 2002, H. W. Chen, G. C. Liu, 72 ♂ on 26 – 28. vi. 2009, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao, 153 ♂ on 19. v .. 2018, L. Gong, B. X. Li, Y. Lin, Z. Q. Peng, N. N. Wang; 119 ♂ (SCAU), Foping, Meixian, Shaanxi, 34 ° 07 ' 10 '' N, 107 ° 52 ' 39 '' E, alt. 1000 – 1700 m, 9 ♂ on 15, 16. viii. 2003, J. J. Gao, 110 ♂ on 15,16. vii. 2007, J. J. Jiang, M. F. Xu; 18 ♂ (9 ♂ in KIZ, 9 ♂ in SCAU), Guanshan, Yi- feng, Jiangxi, 28 ° 01 ' 04 '' N, 114 ° 25 ' 02 '' E, alt. 580 m, 8 – 10. vi. 2004, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 29 ♂ (SCAU), Baiyunshan, Luoyang, Henan, 33 ° 40 ' 19 '' N, 111 ° 51 ' 46 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 10 – 12. vii. 2005, J. J. Jiang, T. Li; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Dajiuhu, Shennongjia, Hubei, 31 ° 40 ' 37 '' N, 110 ° 25 ' 28 '' E, alt. 1720 m, 3. viii. 2005, H. W. Chen; 122 ♂ (SCAU), Huoditang, Ningshan, Shaanxi, 33 ° 26 ' 02 '' N, 108 ° 26 ' 53 '' E, alt. 1500 m, 17. vii. 2007, J. J. Jiang, M. F. Xu; 23 ♂ (SCAU), Ziyang, Wuyuan, Jiangxi, 29 ° 15 ' 60 '' N, 117 ° 50 ' 46 '' E, alt. 320 m, 23. x. 2007, H. W. Chen; 34 ♂ (SCAU), Yunmengshan, Huai- rou, Beijing, 40 ° 36 ' 10 '' N, 116 ° 47 ' 04 '' E, alt. 570 m, 4. vii. 2009, J. J. Gao, T. Li; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Tianmushan, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 30 ° 19 ' 32 '' N, 119 ° 26 ' 35 '' E, alt. 640 m, 25. vii. 2011, Z. F. Shao; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Mayanghe, Yanhe, Guizhou, 28 ° 40 ' 37 '' N, 108 ° 19 ' 33 '' E, alt. 1100 – 1400 m, 24. v. 2012, K. Liu, J. M. Lu, X. Y. Xu; 32 ♂ (KIZ), Haoping, Meixian, Shaanxi, 34 ° 05 ' 22 '' N, 107 ° 42 ' 24 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 12,13. vii. 2012, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 83 ♂ (SCAU), Zhuque Forest Park, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 33 ° 54 ' 26 '' N, 108 ° 30 ' 50 '' E, alt. 1500 m, 12. vii. 2012, J. Huang, S. J. Yan; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Qianshan, Anshan, Liaoning, 41 ° 00 ' 17 '' N, 123 ° 07 ' 39 '' E, alt. 520 m, 28. vi. 2016, ZY Wang; 26 ♂ (SCAU), Pangquangou, Jia- ocheng, Shanxi, 37 ° 47 ' 31 '' N, 111 ° 30 ' 20 '' E, alt. 2200 m, 30. vii. 2016, N. N. Wang, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu; 7 ♂ (SCAU), Lishan, Qinshui, Shanxi, 35 ° 26 ' 30 '' N, 112 ° 00 ' 48 '' E, alt. 2100 m, 7. viii. 2016, N. N. Wang, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A566773FF10F887FBA1FE41.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi *, Henan, Shaanxi, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou; misidentified in Cheng et al. 2008 for Yunnan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A586773FF10FDE3FDDBFC70.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Paramere submedially with 1 expanded, suberect lobe-like process, and apically bifurcated: the anterior branch with 1 strong, pointed tooth, the posterior branch with 2 acute processes (as fig. 2 D in Zhu et al. 2018). Specimens examined. CHINA: 3 ♂ (SCAU), Mengma, Menglian, Yunnan, 22 ° 13 ' 44 '' N, 99 ° 22 ' 37 '' E, alt. 1140 m, 14. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 37 ' 15 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 16. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Moli Forest Park, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 05 '' N, 97 ° 58 ' 51 '' E, alt. 920 m, 23. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A586773FF10FDE3FDDBFC70.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Yunnan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A586773FF10FBBDFCFBFAFB.taxon	description	(Fig. 19)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A586773FF10FBBDFCFBFAFB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Aedeagal median rod with only 1 pair of basal triangular processes (Fig. 19 C). Specimens examined. JAPAN: 8 ♂ (SCAU), Sapporo, Hokkaido, 27. viii. 2000, H. W. Chen; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Ueno- hara, Yamanashi, Honshu, 12. viii. 2002, H. W. Chen.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A586773FF10FBBDFCFBFAFB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A586770FF10FA34FEB2FCD6.taxon	description	(Fig. 20)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A586770FF10FA34FEB2FCD6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Vertical process of gonopod strongly sclerotized along margin or lateral margins (Fig. 20 B, D); paramere sometimes dilated distally (Fig. 20 A); aedeagal median rod sometimes with 1 small acute projection (as fig. 17 in Toda & Peng 1990); basal bridge of aedeagal median rod strongly sclerotized, apically with 1 sometimes bifurcated process per side (Fig. 20 B, D). Specimens examined. CHINA: 1 ♂ (SCAU), Diaoluoshan, Lingshui, Hainan, 18 ° 43 ' 51 '' N, 109 ° 51 ' 28 '' E, alt. 980 m, 24. v. 2004, H. W. Chen; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Nonggang, Longzhou, Guangxi, 22 ° 32 ' 26 '' N, 106 ° 43 ' 18 '' E, alt. 540 m, 21. viii. 2004, H. W. Chen; 16 ♂, Dinghushan, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 23 ° 10 ' 17 '' N, 112 ° 32 ' 31 '' E, alt. 580 – 670 m, 5 ♂ (SCAU) on 24. xi. 2004, H. L. Cao, H. W. Chen, M. F. Xu, 5 ♂ (SCAU) on 15. iv. 2005, H. W. Chen, H. L. Cao, M. F. Xu, 6 ♂ (KIZ) on 13. iv. 2008, H. W. Chen, X. P. Chen, J. J. Gao; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Menglun South 5 km, Mengla, Yun- nan, 21 ° 59 ' 57 '' N, 101 ° 02 ' 50 '' E, alt. 820 – 890 m, 23. iii. 2005, M. J. Toda; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Jianfengling, Ledong, Hainan, 18 ° 41 ' 50 '' N, 108 ° 50 ' 04 '' E, alt. 700 – 890 m, 20. iv. 2008, X. P. Chen, J. J. Gao; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Caiyanghe, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22 ° 35 ' 41 '' N, 101 ° 06 ' 20 '' E, alt. 1420 m, 27. vii. 2009, L. Wang, L. Wu; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Longtan Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 38 ' 44 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 39 '' E, alt. 1170 m, 2 ♂ on 31. iii. 2011, J. M. Lu, S. J. Yan, 4 ♂ on 26,27. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 6 ♂ (3 ♂ in KIZ, 3 ♂ in SCAU), Wangtianshu, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 36 ' 09 '' N, 101 ° 35 ' 06 '' E, alt. 660 m, 9. v. 2012, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Hesong, Menghai, Yunnan, 21 ° 50 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 05 ' 48 '' E, alt. 1700 m, 12. v. 2012, H. W. Chen; 5 ♂ (3 ♂ in KIZ, 2 ♂ in SCAU), Yixiang, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22 ° 44 ' 19 '' N, 101 ° 07 ' 01 '' E, alt. 1400 m, 13. v. 2012, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 23 ♂ (SCAU), Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 37 ' 13 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 45 '' E, alt. 1100 m, 30. iv. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu; 36 ♂ (SCAU), Mengdong, Cangyuan, Yunnan, 23 ° 10 ' 08 '' N, 99 ° 13 ' 52 '' E, alt. 1260 – 1400 m, 34 ♂ on 6,7. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu, 2 ♂ on 19. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Wulaoshan, Lincang, Yunnan, 23 ° 15 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 11 ' 38 '' E, alt. 2155 m, 14. v. 2016, J. Huang; 71 ♂ (SCAU), Botanic Garden, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 01 ' 12 '' N, 97 ° 51 ' 33 '' E, alt. 1170 m, 9 ♂ on 22. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu, 51 ♂ on 22. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu, 5 ♂ on 6. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li, 6 ♂ on 22. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Waluo, Jiangcheng, Yunnan, 22 ° 31 ' 27 '' N, 101 ° 52 ' 21 '' E, alt. 1100 m, 5. viii. 2016, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Mengyuan, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 47 ' 29 '' N, 101 ° 22 ' 59 '' E, alt. 990 m, 7. viii. 2016, L. Gong; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Banpo, Lüchun, Yunnan, 22 ° 34 ' 50 '' N, 102 ° 34 ' 50 '' E, alt. 560 m, 28. x. 2016, H. W. Chen; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Shengtangshan, Jinxiu, Guangxi, 23 ° 58 ' 23 '' N, 110 ° 06 ' 45 '' E, alt. 1100 m, 31. vii. 2017, H. W. Chen; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Mengbin, Lancang, Yunnan, 22 ° 30 ' 38 '' N, 99 ° 53 ' 26 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 17. viii. 2017, H. W. Chen; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Bangdong, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 06 ' 09 '' N, 97 ° 50 ' 55 '' E, alt. 1370 m, 6. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Bangda, Mangshi, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 55 '' N, 98 ° 13 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1710 m, 8. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Jinshan, Menglian, Yunnan, 22 ° 19 ' 56 '' N, 99 ° 34 ' 51 '' E, alt. 940 m, 15. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A586770FF10FA34FEB2FCD6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan; misidentified in Cheng et al. 2008 for Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A5B6771FF10F8C9FDDBFDAD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Epandrium roundly expanded ventrally; surstylus with ca. 15 – 17 long, strong prensisetae along inner margin; paramere subbasally with 1 slender process that is as long as 1 / 4 its full length; branch of aedeagal basal bridge fan-like, with a few jagged-like processes along margin (modified from Cheng et al. 2008). Specimens examined. CHINA: 57 ♂, Guanlei, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 38 ' 39 '' N, 101 ° 09 ' 52 '' E, alt. 560 – 740 m, 5 ♂ (KIZ) on 14,15. xi. 2012, J. J. Gao, 52 ♂ (SCAU) on 21 – 23. iv. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 37 ' 15 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 30. iv. 2016, J. Huang; 9 ♂ (SCAU), Mengdong, Cangyuan, Yunnan, 23 ° 10 ' 08 '' N, 99 ° 13 ' 52 '' E, alt. 1260 m, 4 ♂ on 10. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. L. Wang, 5 ♂ on 19. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Nabang, Yingjiang, Yunnan, 24 ° 39 ' 51 '' N, 97 ° 35 ' 31 '' E, alt. 700 m, 17. v. 2016, J. Huang; 14 ♂ (SCAU), Jinshan, Menglian, Yunnan, 22 ° 19 ' 56 '' N, 99 ° 34 ' 51 '' E, alt. 940 m, 23 – 25. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A5B6771FF10F8C9FDDBFDAD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Yunnan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A5D6776FF10FF33FF24FCC9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Surtylus somewhat triangular; vertical process of gonopod short, lacking sclerotized projection (after Chen & Toda 1997). Specimens examined. JAPAN: 1 ♂ (SCAU), Iriomote Is. Okinawa, 19. vi. 1999, H. W. Chen; 13 ♂ (SCAU), Min- amiohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 3,12. vi. 2002, H. W. Chen; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Nogochi, Kyushu, 20. viii. 2002, H. W. Chen. CHINA: 4 ♂ (SCAU), Longgong, Anshun, Guizhou, 26 ° 05 ' 47 '' N, 105 ° 53 ' 08 '' E, alt. 750 m, 22 – 24. vii. 2000, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 8 ♂ (SCAU), Shimentai, Yingde, Guangdong, 24 ° 25 ' 49 '' N, 113 ° 17 ' 50 '' E, alt. 630 m, 9,10. iv. 2004, H. W. Chen; 10 ♂ (SCAU), Guanshan, Yifeng, Jiangxi, 28 ° 01 ' 04 '' N, 114 ° 25 ' 02 '' E, alt. 580 m, 8 – 10. vi. 2004, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Dinghushan, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 23 ° 10 ' 17 '' N, 112 ° 32 ' 31 '' E, alt. 580 – 670 m, 24. xi. 2004, H. L. Cao, H. W. Chen, M. F. Xu; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Hongping, Shennongjia, Hubei, 31 ° 40 ' 37 '' N, 110 ° 25 ' 28 '' E, alt. 1120 m, 1. viii. 2005, H. W. Chen; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Conghua, Guangdong, 23 ° 43 ' 30 '' N, 113 ° 48 ' 20 '' E, alt. 350 m, 12. x. 2005, H. W. Chen; 11 ♂ (SCAU), Xianheping, Xingyi, Guizhou, 24 ° 59 ' 36 '' N, 105 ° 36 ' 14 '' E, alt. 1300 m, 29. iv. 2006, M. F. Xu; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Wutongshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 22 ° 34 ' 32 '' N, 114 ° 11 ' 43 '' E, alt. 720 m, 11. vii. 2006, X. L. Wang; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Foping, Meixian, Shaanxi, 34 ° 07 ' 10 '' N, 107 ° 52 ' 39 '' E, alt. 1300 m, 18. vii. 2006, M. F. Xu; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Ziyang, Wuyuan, Jiangxi, 29 ° 15 ' 60 '' N, 117 ° 50 ' 46 '' E, alt. 320 m, 23. x. 2007, H. W. Chen; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Chebaling, Quannan, Jiangxi, 24 ° 43 ' 22 '' N, 114 ° 31 ' 49 '' E, alt. 410 m, 13. ix. 2018, H. W. Chen.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A5D6776FF10FF33FF24FCC9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Okinawa), China (Shaanxi, Hubei, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A5D6776FF10FC7AFBD1F993.taxon	description	(Figs. 5 I, 5 J, 21)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A5D6776FF10FC7AFBD1F993.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Posterior bands of male abdominal third to fifth tergites not connect to lateral margins (Fig. 5 J); aedeagal median rod apically with 1 pair of triangular, lobe-like processes, sometimes with 1 acute projection per side (Fig. 21 C). Specimens examined. CHINA: 27 ♂, Longgong, Anshun, Guizhou, 26 ° 05 ' 47 '' N, 105 ° 53 ' 08 '' E, alt. 700 m, 12 ♂ (SCAU) on 21. vii. 2000, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao, 15 ♂ (KIZ) on 25. ix. 2002, J. J. Gao, B. C. Wang; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Dongling Park, Shenyang, Liaoning, 41 ° 50 ' 11 '' N, 123 ° 35 ' 08 '' E, alt. 110 m, 26. viii. 2002, H. W. Chen; 31 ♂ (SCAU), Kunyushan, Yantai, Shandong, 37 ° 15 ' 47 '' N, 121 ° 42 ' 57 '' E, alt. 420 m, 26. vi. 2005, H. Z. Cao; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Ziyang, Wuyuan, Jiangxi, 29 ° 15 ' 60 '' N, 117 ° 50 ' 46 '' E, alt. 320 m, 23. x. 2007, H. W. Chen; 2 ♂ (KIZ), Guanmenshan Forest Park, Benxi, Liaoning, 41 º 07 ' 44 '' N, 124 º 09 ' 30 '' E, alt. 446 m, 28. vi. 2009, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Tian- mushan, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 30 ° 19 ' 32 '' N, 119 ° 26 ' 35 '' E, alt. 640 m, 30. vii. 2011, Z. F. Shao, S. J. Yan.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A5D6776FF10FC7AFBD1F993.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Far East), Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), Korea, China (Jilin, Liaoning, Beijing, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi *, Guizhou *).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A5D6774FF10F9DCFDBEFC35.taxon	description	(Fig. 22)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A5D6774FF10F9DCFDBEFC35.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is very similar to P. perforcipata Máca, 1993 in the male terminalia and having the abdominal sixth tergite with 1 distinct, prickly process on anterior corner of lateral margin (Fig. 22 A), but can be distinguished from the latter by having the posterior branch of paramere slender, narrower than anterior branch, and the anterior branch slightly expanded subapically (Fig. 22 D). Specimens examined. CHINA: 10 ♂ (SCAU), Longgong, Anshun, Guizhou, 26 ° 05 ' 47 '' N, 105 ° 53 ' 08 '' E, alt. 750 m, 21 – 23. vii. 2000, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Foping, Meixian, Shaanxi, 34 ° 07 ' 10 '' N, 107 ° 52 ' 39 '' E, alt. 1500 m, 15,16. viii. 2003, J. J. Gao; 7 ♂ (SCAU), Guanshan, Yifeng, Jiangxi, 28 ° 01 ' 04 '' N, 114 ° 25 ' 02 '' E, alt. 580 m, 8. vi. 2004, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Wuyishan, Yanshan, Jiangxi, 28 ° 00 ' 22 '' N, 117 ° 44 ' 29 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 15. vi. 2004, H. W. Chen; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Samage, Weixi, Yunnan, 27 ° 36 ' 20 '' N, 99 ° 24 ' 10 '' E, alt. 2700 – 2900 m, 27 – 29. vii. 2004, H. W. Chen, Y. F. Li; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Dinghushan, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 23 ° 10 ' 17 '' N, 112 ° 32 ' 31 '' E, alt. 580 – 670 m, 24. xi. 2004, H. W. Chen, M. F. Xu; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Jizushan, Binchuan, Yunnan, 25 ° 56 ' 54 '' N, 100 ° 23 ' 58 '' E, alt. 2100 m, 20,21. viii. 2006, H. L. Cao, H. Z. Cao, T. Li; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 54 ' 57 '' N, 101 ° 16 ' 23 '' E, alt. 580 m, 4. xi. 2006, H. Watabe; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Huoditang, Ningshan, Shaanxi, 33 ° 26 ' 02 '' N, 108 ° 26 ' 53 '' E, alt. 1500 m, 16. vii. 2007, M. F. Xu; 12 ♂ (SCAU), Tianpingshan, Sangzhi, Hunan, 29 ° 44 ' 16 '' N, 110 ° 03 ' 02 '' E, alt. 1300 m, 26. vii. 2007, H. W. Chen; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Qincaitang, Jingdong, Yunnan, 24 ° 04 ' 47 '' N, 100 ° 31 ' 41 '' E, alt. 1700 m, 21. vii. 2009, L. Wang; 6 ♂ (3 ♂ in SCAU, 3 ♂ in TMNS), Hanmi, Motuo, Xizang, 29 ° 22 ' 04 '' N, 95 ° 05 ' 34 '' E, alt. 2200 m, 25,26. ix. 2010, J. J. Gao, Y. R. Su, L. Wang, L. Wu; 21 ♂ (SCAU), Tongmai, Bomi, Xizang, 30 ° 06 ' 00 '' N, 95 ° 05 ' 00 '' E, alt. 2000 m, 9 – 12. x. 2010, from tree trunks, J. J. Gao, Y. R. Su, L. Wang, L. Wu; 51 ♂ (SCAU), Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 37 ' 13 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 45 '' E, alt. 1100 m, 2 ♂ on 4. iv. 2011, J. M. Lu, S. J. Yan, 24 ♂ on 3. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu, 6 ♂ on 11. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu, 19 ♂ on 16. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 8 ♂ (SCAU), Hesong, Menghai, Yunnan, 21 ° 50 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 05 ' 48 '' E, alt. 1700 m, 7 ♂ on 5. iv. 2011, J. M. Lu, Z. F. Shao, Y. R. Su, S. J. Yan, 1 ♂ on 12. v. 2012, H. W. Chen; 18 ♂ (SCAU), Baihualing, Baoshan, Yunnan, 25 ° 17 ' 50 '' N, 98 ° 48 ' 12 '' E, alt. 1400 – 1700 m, 3 ♂ on 13 – 17. vi. 2011, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao, 15 ♂ (SCAU) on 23 – 25. viii. 2013, Q. S. Gao, K. Liu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Tianmushan, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 30 ° 19 ' 32 '' N, 119 ° 26 ' 35 '' E, alt. 640 m, 30. vii. 2011, S. J. Yan; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Yixiang, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22 ° 44 ' 19 '' N, 101 ° 07 ' 01 '' E, alt. 1400 m, 2. x. 2011, H. W. Chen; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Mayanghe, Yanhe, Guizhou, 28 ° 40 ' 37 '' N, 108 ° 19 ' 33 '' E, alt. 1100 m, 24. v. 2012, J. M. Lu; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Haoping, Meixian, Shaanxi, 34 ° 05 ' 22 '' N, 107 ° 42 ' 24 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 12. vii. 2012, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Guanlei, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 38 ' 39 '' N, 101 ° 09 ' 52 '' E, alt. 560 – 740 m, 22. iv. 2016, J. Huang; 14 ♂ (SCAU), Mengdong, Cangyuan, Yunnan, 23 ° 10 ' 08 '' N, 99 ° 13 ' 52 '' E, alt. 1320 m, 10 ♂ on 6,7. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu, 4 ♂ on 19. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 28 ♂ (SCAU), Botanic Garden, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 01 ' 12 '' N, 97 ° 51 ' 33 '' E, alt. 1170 m, 6 ♂ on 23. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu, 22 ♂ on 22. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 7 ♂ (SCAU), Qimaba, Lüchun, Yunnan, 22 ° 49 ' 08 '' N, 102 ° 17 ' 25 '' E, alt. 1280 m, 3. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Waluo, Jiangcheng, Yunnan, 22 ° 31 ' 27 '' N, 101 ° 52 ' 21 '' E, alt. 1100 m, 5. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Mengyuan, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 47 ' 29 '' N, 101 ° 22 ' 59 '' E, alt. 990 m, 7. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong; 21 ♂ (SCAU), Nanling (Shangsongshan), Lancang, Yun- nan, 22 ° 47 ' 57 '' N, 99 ° 55 ' 11 '' E, alt. 1870 m, 7 ♂ on 12. viii. 2016, 14 ♂ on 17. viii. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Banpo, Lüchun, Yunnan, 22 ° 34 ' 50 '' N, 102 ° 34 ' 50 '' E, alt. 560 m, 29. x. 2016, H. W. Chen; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Dawuling, Xinyi, Guangdong, 22 ° 16 ' 29 '' N, 111 ° 11 ' 39 '' E, alt. 570 m, 22. vi. 2017, H. W. Chen; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Wu- zhishan Arboretum, Nanling, Ruyuan, Guangdong, 24 ° 05 ' 22 '' N, 113 ° 04 ' 47 '' E, alt. 550 m, 10. ix. 2017, from mush- room, L. Gong; 19 ♂ (SCAU), Jinshan, Menglian, Yunnan, 22 ° 19 ' 56 '' N, 99 ° 34 ' 51 '' E, alt. 940 m, 23 – 25. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Longtan Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 38 ' 44 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 39 '' E, alt. 1170 m, 26,27. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Bangdong, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 06 ' 09 '' N, 97 ° 50 ' 55 '' E, alt. 1370 m, 6. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, B. X. Li; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Zhongshan, Mangshi, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 49 '' N, 98 ° 31 ' 27 '' E, alt. 850 m, 8. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Bangda, Mangshi, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 55 '' N, 98 ° 13 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1710 m, 8. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Mucheng, Longling, Yunnan, 24 ° 08 ' 48 '' N, 98 ° 44 ' 48 '' E, alt. 900 m, 10. xi. 2017, L. Gong, B. X. Li.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A5D6774FF10F9DCFDBEFC35.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Shaanxi *, Zhejiang *, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan *, Fujian *, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Xizang *); Thailand.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A5E676AFF10FF33FC71FEF5.taxon	description	(Figs. 6 A, 6 B, 23)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A5E676AFF10FF33FC71FEF5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is similar to P. ryukyuensis Chen in Chen & Máca 2012 in the characters of paramere and aedeagus, but can be distinguished from the latter by having two characters of the vertical process of gonopod (Fig. 23 D): submedian branches (b) of anterior tripartite processes much longer than apical branches (a); base (c) of posterior saccate processes distinctly thinned and stalk-like; in P. ryukyuensis (as fig. 31 in Chen & Máca 2012): apical branches (a) of anterior tripartite processes slightly longer than submedian branches (b); base (c) of posterior saccate processes distinctly broadened. Specimens examined. CHINA: 2 ♂ (SCAU), Jianfengling, Ledong, Hainan, 18 ° 41 ' 50 '' N, 108 ° 50 ' 04 '' E, alt. 700 – 890 m, 20. iv. 2004, H. W. Chen; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Dinghushan, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 23 ° 10 ' 17 '' N, 112 ° 32 ' 31 '' E, alt. 580 – 670 m, 15. iv. 2005, H. L. Cao, H. W. Chen, M. F. Xu; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Heishiding, Fengkai, Guangdong, 23 ° 27 ' 37 '' N, 111 ° 54 ' 10 '' E, alt. 570 m, 6. v. 2005, Y. F. Li; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Longtan Forest Park, Guiping, Guangxi, 23 ° 31 ' 48 '' N, 110 ° 00 ' 28 '' E, alt. 400 m, 7. viii. 2017, H. W. Chen; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Shimentai, Yingde, Guangdong, 24 ° 25 ' 49 '' N, 113 ° 17 ' 50 '' E, alt. 580 m, 4. ix. 2017, L. Gong, N. N. Wang; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Nanling, Ruyuan, Guangdong, 24 ° 05 ' 22 '' N, 113 ° 04 ' 47 '' E, alt. 1500 m, 10. ix. 2017, L. Gong.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A5E676AFF10FF33FC71FEF5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Taiwan, Guangdong *, Hainan, Guangxi *).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A41676AFF10FE3FFDDBFD7C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Paramere apically with 2 small teeth and 1 small, triangular projection; branch of aedeagal basal bridge large, quadripartite, strongly sclerotized (after Chen et al. 2005). Specimen examined. CHINA: 1 ♂ (SCAU), Wulaoshan, Lincang, Yunnan, 23 ° 15 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 11 ' 38 '' E, alt. 2155 m, 14. v. 2016, J. Huang.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A41676AFF10FE3FFDDBFD7C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Yunnan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A41676BFF10FCBBFDE4FEDE.taxon	description	(Fig. 24)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A41676BFF10FCBBFDE4FEDE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is similar to P. flexousa Zhang & Gan, 1986 in having the aedeagal median rod with transparent, jagged-like processes medially, but can be distinguished from the latter by the having paramere bifurcated subbasally (Fig. 24 C). Specimens examined. CHINA: 1 ♂ (SCAU), Zhongheng Road (Central Cross-Island Highway), 124.6 km, 7. vii. 1994, S. W. Zhang; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Wugongshan, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 31. iv. 2005, 1. vii. 2005, C. F. Lee; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Pingzhena, Chiayi, Taiwan, alt. 500 m, 20. v. 2005, C. F. Lee; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Alishan, Taichung, Taiwan, 1. vii. 2005, C. F. Lee; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Renai, Nantou, Taiwan, alt. 2100 m, 20. ix. 2005, S. W. Chang; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Jiji Mountain, Nantou, Taiwan, 22. ii. 2006, C. F. Lee.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A41676BFF10FCBBFDE4FEDE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Taiwan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A40676BFF10FE13FDE4FCA4.taxon	description	(Fig. 25)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A40676BFF10FE13FDE4FCA4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Posterior branch of paramere as broad as anterior branch, the anterior branch distinctly and triangularly expanded distally (Fig. 25 D) (after Chen & Toda 1998). Specimens examined. CHINA: 2 ♂ (SCAU), Tiengchi, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 31. iv. 2005, C. F. Lee; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Wugongshan, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 31. iv. 2005, C. F. Lee.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A40676BFF10FE13FDE4FCA4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Taiwan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A436768FF10FF33FEB3FC15.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Vertical process of gonopod long and narrow, with 2 pairs of horn-like, strongly sclerotized projections basally and apically, the apical ones curved (modified from Toda & Peng 1990). Specimens examined. CHINA: 1 ♂ (SCAU), Longgong, Anshun, Guizhou, 26 ° 05 ' 47 '' N, 105 ° 53 ' 08 '' E, alt. 570 – 700 m, 21. vii. 2000, H. W. Chen; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Foping, Meixian, Shaanxi, 34 ° 07 ' 10 '' N, 107 ° 52 ' 39 '' E, alt. 1500 m, 5. vii. 2003, J. J. Jiang; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Conghua, Guangdong, 23 ° 43 ' 30 '' N, 113 ° 48 ' 20 '' E, alt. 350 m, 3. xii. 2003, 12. x. 2005, H. W. Chen; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Shimentai, Yingde, Guangdong, 24 ° 25 ' 49 '' N, 113 ° 17 ' 50 '' E, alt. 630 m, 9. iv. 2004, H. W. Chen; 6 ♂, Jianfengling, Ledong, Hainan, 18 ° 41 ' 50 '' N, 108 ° 50 ' 04 '' E, alt. 700 – 890 m, 2 ♂ (SCAU) on 20. v. 2004, H. W. Chen, 2 ♂ (SCAU) on 16. v. 2005, H. W. Chen, 2 ♂ (KIZ) on 20. iv. 2008, J. J. Gao; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Guanshan, Yifeng, Jiangxi, 28 ° 01 ' 04 '' N, 114 ° 25 ' 02 '' E, alt. 580 m, 8. vi. 2004, J. J. Gao; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Diaoluoshan, Lingshui, Hainan, 18 ° 43 ' 51 '' N, 109 ° 51 ' 28 '' E, alt. 980 m, 18. v. 2005, from fungus in tussocks, H. W. Chen, H. L. Cao; 4 ♂ (2 ♂ in KIZ, 2 ♂ in SCAU), E'meishan, Leshan, Sichuan, 29 ° 36 ' 14 '' N, 103 ° 28 ' 56 '' E, alt. 700 m, 7. vii. 2007, H. Z. Cao, J. J. Gao, J. J. Jiang; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Ziyang, Wuyuan, Jiangxi, 29 ° 15 ' 60 '' N, 117 ° 50 ' 46 '' E, alt. 320 m, 27. x. 2007, H. W. Chen; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Mayanghe, Yanhe, Guizhou, 28 ° 40 ' 37 '' N, 108 ° 19 ' 33 '' E, alt. 1100 m, 24. vi. 2012, K. Liu, J. M. Lu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Nanling (Shangsongshan), Lancang, Yunnan, 22 ° 47 ' 57 '' N, 99 ° 55 ' 11 '' E, alt. 1807 m, 12. viii. 2016, Y. Q. Liu; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Chebaling, Shixing, Guangdong, 24 ° 48 ' 43 '' N, 114 ° 11 ' 03 '' E, alt. 380 m, 13. ix. 2017, L. Gong, N. N. Wang.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A436768FF10FF33FEB3FC15.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan *).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A436769FF10FC5EFD15FEF5.taxon	description	(Fig. 26)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A436769FF10FC5EFD15FEF5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male abdominal sixth tergite with two projections on lateral margin: the anterior ones slender and as half-long as the tergite; the posterior ones small (Fig. 26 A); vertical process of gonopod narrowly triangular (Fig. 26 D); aedeagal median rod strong, lacking any processes (Fig. 26 D). Specimens examined. CHINA: 36 ♂, Xujiaba, Jingdong, Yunnan, 24 ° 31 ' 04 '' N, 101 ° 00 ' 46 '' E, alt. 1700 – 2400 m, 30 ♂ (KIZ) on 14. vi. 2003, B. C. Wang, 6 ♂ (SCAU) on 16 – 17. vii. 2009, L. Wang, L. Wu; 23 ♂ (SCAU), Samage, Weixi, Yunnan, 27 ° 36 ' 34 '' N, 99 ° 23 ' 33 '' E, alt. 2300 m, 27 – 29. vii. 2004, H. W. Chen, Y. F. Li; 23 ♂, Daweishan, Pingbian, Yunnan, 22 ° 56 ' 47 '' N, 103 ° 41 ' 40 '' E, alt. 2200 m, 2 ♂ (KIZ) on 19. iii. 2005, J. J. Gao, 21 ♂ (SCAU) on 12 – 13. viii. 2017, H. W. Chen; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Qincaitang, Jingdong, Yunnan, 24 ° 04 ' 47 '' N, 100 ° 31 ' 41 '' E, alt. 1700 m, 21. vii. 2009, L. Wang; 43 ♂, Menghai, Yunnan, 21 ° 50 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 05 ' 48 '' E, alt. 1700 – 1900 m, 6 ♂ (KIZ) on 16. iv. 2010, J. J. Gao, Y. R. Su, L. Wang, L. Wu, 37 ♂ (SCAU) on 8. iv. 2011, J. M. Lu, Z. F. Shao, Y. R. Su, S. J. Yan; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Beibeng, Motuo, Xizang, 29 ° 19 ' 00 '' N, 95 ° 20 ' 00 '' E, alt. 1000 m, 29. ix. 2010, J. J. Gao; 32 ♂ (10 in KIZ, 12 ♂ in SCAU, 10 ♂ in TMNC), Tongmai, Bomi, Xizang, 30 ° 06 ' 00 '' N, 95 ° 05 ' 00 '' E, alt. 2000 m, 9. x. 2010, from tree trunks, J. J. Gao, Y. R. Su, L. Wang, L. Wu; 12 ♂ (6 ♂ in SCAU, 6 ♂ in TMNC), Hanmi, Motuo, Xizang, 29 ° 22 ' 04 '' N, 95 ° 05 ' 34 '' E, alt. 2200 m, 25,26. x. 2010, J. J. Gao, Y. R. Su, L. Wang, L. Wu; 45 ♂, Hesong, Menghai, Yunnan, 21 ° 50 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 05 ' 48 '' E, alt. 1700 – 1857 m, 24 ♂ (SCAU) on 6 – 8. iv. 2011, J. M. Lu, Z. F. Shao, Y. R. Su, S. J. Yan, 21 ♂ (KIZ) on 12. v. 2012, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 58 ♂, Baihualing, Baoshan, Yunnan, 25 ° 17 ' 50 '' N, 98 ° 48 ' 12 '' E, alt. 1400 – 1700 m, 24 ♂ (KIZ) on 13 – 17. vi. 2011, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao, 34 ♂ (SCAU) on 23 – 25. viii. 2013, Q. S. Gao, K. Liu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Hutiaoxia, Diqing, Yunnan, 27 ° 11 ' 24 '' N, 100 ° 02 ' 55 '' E, alt. 1800 m, 23. viii. 2011, H. W. Chen; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Shunbi, Yangbi, Yunnan, 25 ° 38 ' 24 '' N, 100 ° 01 ' 56 '' E, alt. 1600 m, 26. viii. 2011, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 4 ♂ (KIZ), Huangcaoling, Jing- dong, Yunnan, 24 ° 31 ' 00 '' N, 101 ° 40 ' 00 '' E, alt. 2100 m, 1 – 3. ix. 2014, J. J. Gao, M. J. Toda; 11 ♂ (SCAU), Mengdong, Cangyuan, Yunnan, 23 ° 10 ' 08 '' N, 99 ° 13 ' 52 '' E, alt. 1260 – 1420 m, 6,7. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu; 10 ♂ (SCAU), Wulaoshan, Lincang, Yunnan, 23 ° 15 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 11 ' 38 '' E, alt. 2155 m, 12 – 14. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu; 22 ♂ (SCAU), Qimaba, Lüchun, Yunnan, 22 ° 49 ' 08 '' N, 102 ° 17 ' 25 '' E, alt. 1280 m, 3. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Nanling (Shangsongshan), Lancang, Yunnan, 22 ° 47 ' 57 '' N, 99 ° 55 ' 11 '' E, alt. 1807 m, 12. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Banpo, Lüchun, Yunnan, 22 ° 34 ' 50 '' N, 102 ° 34 ' 50 '' E, alt. 560 m, 30. x. 2016, H. W. Chen; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Gexigou, Yajiang, Sichuan, 30 ° 02 ' 58 '' N, 100 ° 57 ' 36 '' E, alt. 2874 m, 12. vii. 2017, L. Gong, Y. Lin, N. N. Wang, Y. L. Wang; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Shangnongkang, Gengma, Yunnan, 23 ° 32 ' 26 '' N, 99 ° 21 ' 21 '' E, alt. 1315 m, 1. xi. 2017, L. Gong, B. X. Li.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A436769FF10FC5EFD15FEF5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang *).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A42676EFF10F9BAFD85FDD2.taxon	description	(Fig. 27)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A42676EFF10F9BAFD85FDD2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male surstyli asymmetrical, with 3 (right side) or 4 (left side) long ventral and 3 short dorsal spines on apical margin (Fig. 27 A). Female (Fig. 27 C): Oviscapt (eighth sternite) brown, strongly sclerotized, and cylindrical; perineal sclerite somewhat small. Specimens examined. CHINA: 2 ♂ (SCAU), Fanjingshan, Tongren, Guizhou, 27 ° 52 ' 25 '' N, 108 ° 44 ' 03 '' E, alt. 2100 m, 23. vi. 1994, H. W. Chen, YS Cui; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Tianpingshan, Sangzhi, Hunan, 29 ° 44 ' 16 '' N, 110 ° 03 ' 02 '' E, alt. 1300 m, 1. ix. 2000, H. Takamori; 123 ♂, 15 ♀, Jiaoye Park, Kunming, Yunnan, 25 ° 04 ' 13 '' N, 102 ° 37 ' 13 '' E, alt. 2100 m, 117 ♂, 15 ♀ (50 ♂ in KIZ, 67 ♂, 15 ♀ in SCAU) on 22. vii. 2004, J. J. Gao, 6 ♂ (KIZ) on 21. iii. 2005, M. J. Toda; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Grand Canyon, Maoershan, Xing'an, Guangxi, 25 ° 51 ' 28 '' N, 110 ° 25 ' 01 '' E, alt. 380 – 800 m, 18,19. x. 2004, H. L. Cao, H. W. Chen; 1 ♂ (KIZ), Daweishan, Pingbian, Yunnan, 22 ° 56 ' 47 '' N, 103 ° 41 ' 40 '' E, alt. 2200 m, 19. iii. 2005, J. J. Gao; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Maoniuhe, Danba, Sichuan, 30 ° 48 ' 41 '' N, 101 ° 47 ' 02 '' E, alt. 2650 m, 15. ix. 2005, H. W. Chen, M. F. Xu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Foping, Meixian, Shaanxi, 34 ° 07 ' 10 '' N, 107 ° 52 ' 39 '' E, alt. 1500 m, 18. vii. 2006, J. J. Jiang; 21 ♂ (SCAU), Sanjiangyuan, Maoershan, Xing'an, Guangxi, 25 ° 51 ' 28 '' N, 110 ° 25 ' 01 '' E, alt. 2100 m, 22. ix. 2006, J. J. Jiang, F. Zhao; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Xujiaba, Jingdong, Yunnan, 24 ° 31 ' 04 '' N, 101 ° 00 ' 46 '' E, alt. 1700 m, 16. vii. 2009, L. Wang, L. Wu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Mulinzi, Hefeng, Hubei, 29 ° 55 ' 59 '' N, 109 ° 59 ' 30 '' E, alt. 1500 m, 11. vi. 2012, J. M. Lu; 7 ♂ (SCAU), Baihualing, Baoshan, Yunnan, 25 ° 17 ' 50 '' N, 98 ° 48 ' 12 '' E, alt. 1400 m, 24. viii. 2013, Q. S. Gao, K. Liu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Wulaoshan, Lincang, Yunnan, 23 ° 15 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 11 ' 38 '' E, alt. 2155 m, 12. v. 2016, J. Huang; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Lishan, Qinshui, Shanxi, 35 ° 26 ' 30 '' N, 112 ° 00 ' 48 '' E, alt. 2100 m, 7. viii. 2016, L. Zhu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Dafengding, Ma- bian, Sichuan, 28 ° 38 ' 56 '' N, 103 ° 21 ' 50 '' E, alt. 1270 m, 27. vi. 2017, L. Gong; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Bangdong, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 06 ' 09 '' N, 97 ° 50 ' 55 '' E, alt. 1370 m, 6. xi. 2017, B. X. Li; 19 ♂ (SCAU), Zhongshan, Mangshi, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 49 '' N, 98 ° 31 ' 27 '' E, alt. 850 – 1483 m, 8. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A42676EFF10F9BAFD85FDD2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Shanxi *, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan; misidentified in Cheng et al. 2008 for Jiangxi, Guangdong).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A45676FFF10F83CFE58FB2A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Vertical process of gonopod composed of 2 pairs of strongly sclerotized, spinous projections; the basal ones long and erect; the apical ones small (after Toda & Peng 1990). Specimens examined. CHINA: 1 ♂ (NSMT) of P. orientalis in Okada, 1977, Hassenzan, Taiwan, 29. v. 1971, K. Kanmiya; 1 ♂ (NSMT) of P. orientalis in Okada, 1977, Wulai, Taiwan, 28. viii. 1974, N. Watanabe; 25 ♂, Long- gong, Anshun, Guizhou, 26 ° 05 ' 47 '' N, 105 ° 53 ' 08 '' E, alt. 570 – 700 m, 5 ♂ (SCAU) on 21 – 24. vii. 2000, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao, 20 ♂ (KIZ) on 25,26. ix. 2002, J. J. Gao, B. C. Wang; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Foping, Meixian, Shaanxi, 34 ° 07 ' 10 '' N, 107 ° 52 ' 39 '' E, alt. 1500 m, 5,6. viii. 2003, J. J. Gao, W. H. Zhang; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Shimentai, Yingde, Guangdong, 24 ° 25 ' 49 '' N, 113 ° 17 ' 50 '' E, alt. 630 m, 5 ♂ on 9,10. iv. 2004, H. W. Chen, 1 ♂ on 4. ix. 2017, L. Gong; 11 ♂ (SCAU), Nanling, Ruyuan, Guangdong, 24 ° 05 ' 22 '' N, 113 ° 04 ' 47 '' E, alt. 550 – 1100 m, 2 ♂ on 3 – 6. v. 2004, H. W. Chen, 3 ♂ on 24. viii. 2010, M. F. Xu, 5 ♂ on 10. ix. 2017, from mushroom, L. Gong, N. N. Wang, 1 ♂ (SCAU) on 28. v. 2018, L. Gong; 18 ♂, Jianfengling, Ledong, Hainan, 18 ° 41 ' 50 '' N, 108 ° 50 ' 04 '' E, alt. 700 – 890 m, 4 ♂ (SCAU) on 20. v. 2004, H. W. Chen, 3 ♂ (SCAU) on 16. v. 2005, H. W. Chen, 11 ♂ (KIZ) on 17. iv. 2008, X. P. Chen, J. J. Gao; 30 ♂ (SCAU), Diaoluoshan, Lingshui, Hainan, 18 ° 43 ' 51 '' N, 109 ° 51 ' 28 '' E, alt. 900 – 1000 m, 20 ♂ on 22 – 24. v. 2004, H. W. Chen, 10 ♂ (SCAU) on 18. v. 2005, from fungus in tussocks, H. W. Chen, H. L. Cao; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Guanshan, Yifeng, Ji- angxi, 28 ° 01 ' 04 '' N, 114 ° 25 ' 02 '' E, alt. 600 m, 8 – 10. vi. 2004, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Dinghushan, Zhaoq- ing, Guangdong, 23 ° 10 ' 17 '' N, 112 ° 32 ' 31 '' E, alt. 580 – 670 m, 24. xi. 2004, 23. iv. 2005, 15. v. 2005, H. W. Chen, H. L. Cao, M. F. Xu; 8 ♂ (SCAU), Grand Canyon, Maoershan, Xing'an, Guangxi, 25 ° 51 ' 28 '' N, 110 ° 25 ' 01 '' E, alt. 380 m, 22. ix. 2006, J. J. Jiang; 10 ♂ (SCAU), Chebaling, Shixing, Guangdong, 24 ° 48 ' 43 '' N, 114 ° 11 ' 03 '' E, alt. 380 m, 5 ♂ on 26. v. 2007, 9. viii. 2007, J. J. Jiang, 5 ♂ on 13. ix. 2017, L. Gong, N. N. Wang; 2 ♂ (SCAU), E'meishan, Leshan, Sichuan, 29 ° 36 ' 14 '' N, 103 ° 28 ' 56 '' E, alt. 600 m, 7. vii. 2007, H. Z. Cao, J. J. Jiang; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Mayanghe, Yanhe, Guizhou, 28 ° 40 ' 37 '' N, 108 ° 19 ' 33 '' E, alt. 1100 m, 24. v. 2012, K. Liu, J. M. Lu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 37 ' 15 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 3. v. 2016, J. Huang; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Nabang, Yingjiang, Yunnan, 24 ° 39 ' 51 '' N, 97 ° 35 ' 31 '' E, alt. 700 m, 19. viii. 2016, L. Gong; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Mengbin, Lancang, Yunnan, 22 ° 30 ' 38 '' N, 99 ° 53 ' 26 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 18. viii. 2017, H. W. Chen.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A45676FFF10F83CFE58FB2A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Shaanxi *, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A44676CFF10FB47FA9CFB5D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Basal bridge of aedeagal median rod with 2 pairs of strongly sclerotized, nearly equilong processes apically (after Toda & Peng 1990). Specimens examined. CHINA: 10 ♂, Tianpingshan, Sangzhi, Hunan, 29 ° 44 ' 16 '' N, 110 ° 03 ' 02 '' E, alt. 1300 m, 6 ♂ (KIZ) on 1. ix. 2000, M. Nozawa, H. Takamori, 4 ♂ (SCAU) on 23 – 26. vii. 2007, H. W. Chen, X. P. Chen, Y. Cheng, J. J. Gao; 26 ♂, Wuzhishan Arboretum, Nanling, Ruyuan, Guangdong, 24 ° 05 ' 22 '' N, 113 ° 04 ' 47 '' E, alt. 550 – 1100 m, 4 ♂ (KIZ) on 23. vii. 2002, H. Takamori, 3 ♂ (SCAU) on 2. iv. 2004, H. W. Chen, 11 ♂ (SCAU) on 25. iv. 2005, H. L. Cao, M. F. Xu, 8 ♂ (SCAU) on 10. ix. 2017, from mushroom, L. Gong, N. N. Wang; 1 ♂ (KIZ), Fanjingshan, Tongren, Guizhou, 27 ° 52 ' 25 '' N, 108 ° 44 ' 03 '' E, alt. 1600 m, 20. viii. 2003, J. J. Gao; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Conghua, Guang- dong, 23 ° 43 ' 30 '' N, 113 ° 48 ' 20 '' E, alt. 350 m, 3. xi. 2003, H. W. Chen; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Shimentai, Yingde, Guang- dong, 24 ° 25 ' 49 '' N, 113 ° 17 ' 50 '' E, alt. 680 m, 9,10. iv. 2004, H. W. Chen; 5 ♂ (KIZ), Jiaoye Park, Kunming, Yunnan, 25 ° 04 ' 13 '' N, 102 ° 37 ' 13 '' E, alt. 2100 m, 2 m # (KIZ) on 22. vii. 2004, J. J. Gao, 3 ♂ (KIZ) on 8. ix. 2011, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 29 ♂ (SCAU), Samage, Weixi, Yunnan, 27 ° 36 ' 20 '' N, 99 ° 24 ' 10 '' E, alt. 2700 – 2900 m, 27 – 29. vii. 2004, H. W. Chen, Y. F. Li; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Dinghushan, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 23 ° 10 ' 17 '' N, 112 ° 32 ' 31 '' E, alt. 580 m, 23. xi. 2004, M. F. Xu; 28 ♂ (KIZ), Jizushan, Binchuan, Yunnan, 25 ° 56 ' 54 '' N, 100 ° 23 ' 58 '' E, alt. 2100 – 2500 m, 21. viii. 2005, 19. vii. 2007, J. J. Gao; 45 ♂ (SCAU), Fengtongzhai, Baoxing, Sichuan, 30 ° 32 ' 42 '' N, 102 ° 54 ' 24 '' E, alt. 1400 m, 36 ♂ on 9. vii. 2007, H. Z. Cao, J. J. Jiang, 9 ♂ on 15. vii. 2017, L. Gong, Y. Lin, N. N. Wang, Y. L. Wang; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Cai- yanghe, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22 ° 35 ' 41 '' N, 101 ° 06 ' 20 '' E, alt. 1420 m, 27. vii. 2009, L. Wang, L. Wu; 2 ♂ (TMNS), Beibeng, Motuo, Xizang, 29 ° 19 ' 00 '' N, 95 ° 20 ' 00 '' E, alt. 900 – 1000 m, 29. ix. 2010, J. J. Gao, Y. R. Su; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Motuo 108 k, Xizang, 29 ° 29 ' 23 '' N, 95 ° 26 ' 44 '' E, alt. 843 m, 11. x. 2010, L. Wang; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Longtan Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 38 ' 44 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 39 '' E, alt. 1170 m, 2 ♂ on 31. iii. 2011, J. M. Lu, Y. R. Su, 3 ♂ on 26,27. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 46 ♂ (SCAU), Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 37 ' 15 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 2 ♂ on 4. iv. 2011, Z. F. Shao, S. J. Yan, 39 ♂ on 30. iv. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhun, 5 ♂ on 16. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 37 ♂ (SCAU), Hesong, Menghai, Yunnan, 21 ° 50 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 05 ' 48 '' E, alt. 1700 – 1857 m, 21 ♂ on 6 – 8. iv. 2011, J. M. Lu, Z. F. Shao, Y. R. Su, S. J. Yan, 16 ♂ on 12. v. 2012, H. W. Chen; 39 ♂, Baihualing, Baoshan, Yunnan, 25 ° 17 ' 50 '' N, 98 ° 48 ' 12 '' E, alt. 1400 m, 13 ♂ (KIZ) on 14 – 16. vi. 2011, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao, 5 ♂ (SCAU) on 19. vi. 2013, Y. L. Wang, 21 ♂ (SCAU) on 23 – 26. viii. 2013, Q. S. Gao, K. Liu; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Hutiaoxia, Diqing, Yunnan, 27 ° 11 ' 24 '' N, 100 ° 02 ' 55 '' E, alt. 1800 m, 23. viii. 2011, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Shunbi, Yangbi, Yunnan, 25 ° 38 ' 24 '' N, 100 ° 01 ' 56 '' E, alt. 1800 m, 26. viii. 2011, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 10 ♂ (SCAU), Yixiang, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22 ° 44 ' 19 '' N, 101 ° 07 ' 01 '' E, alt. 1400 m, 6 ♂ on 2. x. 2011, 2 ♂ on 13. v. 2012, 2 ♂ on 12,13. xii. 2012, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 32 ♂ (SCAU), Mengdong, Cangyuan, Yunnan, 23 ° 10 ' 08 '' N, 99 ° 13 ' 52 '' E, alt. 1260 – 1420 m, 28 ♂ on 6. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu, 4 ♂ on 19. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Wulaoshan, Lincang, Yunnan, 23 ° 15 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 11 ' 38 '' E, alt. 2155 m, 12. v. 2016, J. Huang; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Tongbi- guan, Yingjiang, Yunnan, 24 ° 37 ' 04 '' N, 97 ° 40 ' 03 '' E, 1313 m, 19. v. 2016, J. Huang; 23 ♂ (SCAU), Botanic Garden, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 01 ' 12 '' N, 97 ° 51 ' 33 '' E, alt. 1170 m, 3 ♂ on 23. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, 11 ♂ on 22. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu, 9 ♂ on 22. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Qimaba, Lüchun, Yunnan, 22 ° 49 ' 08 '' N, 102 ° 17 ' 25 '' E, alt. 1280 m, 3. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Nanling (Shang- songshan), Lancang, Yunnan, 22 ° 47 ' 57 '' N, 99 ° 55 ' 11 '' E, alt. 1807 m, 12. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Wenquan, Changning, Yunnan, 24 ° 35 ' 34 '' N, 99 ° 55 ' 18 '' E, alt. 1536 m, 16. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Xincheng, Yingjiang, Yunnan, 24 ° 46 ' 50 '' N, 98 ° 04 ' 30 '' E, alt. 960 m, 18. viii. 2016, L. Gong; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Banpo, Lüchun, Yunnan, 22 ° 34 ' 50 '' N, 102 ° 34 ' 50 '' E, alt. 560 m, 27. x. 2016, H. W. Chen; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Dafengding, Mabian, Sichuan, 28 ° 38 ' 56 '' N, 103 ° 21 ' 50 '' E, alt. 1270 m, 25. vi. 2017, L. Gong, Y. Lin, N. N. Wang, Y. L. Wang; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Shengtangshan, Jinxiu, Guangxi, 23 ° 58 ' 23 '' N, 110 ° 06 ' 45 '' E, alt. 1300 m, 31. vii. 2017, H. W. Chen; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Jinshan, Menglian, Yunnan, 22 ° 19 ' 56 '' N, 99 ° 34 ' 51 '' E, alt. 940 m, 23 – 25. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Bangdong, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 06 ' 09 '' N, 97 ° 50 ' 55 '' E, alt. 1370 m, 6. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Bangda, Mangshi, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 55 '' N, 98 ° 13 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1718 m, 8. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Mucheng, Longling, Yunnan, 24 ° 08 ' 48 '' N, 98 ° 44 ' 48 '' E, alt. 1030 m, 9. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 8 ♂ (SCAU), Mengma, Menglian, Yunnan, 22 ° 13 ' 44 '' N, 99 ° 22 ' 37 '' E, alt. 1140 m, 15. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A44676CFF10FB47FA9CFB5D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Xizang *).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A47676CFF10FA97FD72F90C.taxon	description	(Fig. 28)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A47676CFF10FA97FD72F90C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Aedeagal median rod with 1 pair of distally bifurcated, lobe-like processes submedially, its basal triangular processes small and acute (Fig. 28 C). Specimens examined. 1 ♂ (SCAU), Samage, Weixi, Yunnan, 27 ° 34 ' 02 '' N, 99 ° 19 ' 58 '' E, alt. 2700 m, 17. vii. 2004, H. W. Chen; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Maoniuhe, Danba, Sichuan, 30 ° 48 ' 41 '' N, 101 ° 47 ' 02 '' E, alt. 2650 m, 15. ix. 2005, H. W. Chen.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A47676CFF10FA97FD72F90C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A47676DFF10F8A1FDDBFEA9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Vertical process of gonopod slightly bifurcated distally (as fig. 37 in Cheng et al. 2008); aedeagal median rod with 1 pair of distally bifurcated, lobe-like processes submedially (as fig. 37 in Cheng et al. 2008) (modified from Cheng et al. 2008). Specimens examined. CHINA: 2 ♂ (KIZ), Menglun South 5 km, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 59 ' 57 '' N, 101 ° 02 ' 50 '' E, alt. 820 – 890 m, 17. iv. 2007, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 15 ♂ (SCAU), Mengyuan, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 47 ' 29 '' N, 101 ° 22 ' 59 '' E, alt. 870 – 990 m, 6. viii. 2016, 18. xii. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong. Distribution. China (Yunnan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A46676DFF10FA4DFD6BF8F7.taxon	description	(Fig. 29)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A46676DFF10FA4DFD6BF8F7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Aedeagal median rod triangularly expanded subapically, with 1 spine-like process per side (Fig. 29 C). Specimens examined. 1 ♂ (SCAU), Benzilan, Deqin, Yunnan, 28 ° 14 ' 40 '' N, 99 ° 17 ' 55 '' E, alt. 2700 m; 31. vii. 2004, H. W. Chen; 42 ♂ (SCAU), Gexigou, Yajiang, Sichuan, 30 ° 02 ' 58 '' N, 100 ° 57 ' 36 '' E, alt. 2874 m, 12. vii. 2017, L. Gong, Y. Lin, N. N. Wang, Y. L. Wang.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A46676DFF10FA4DFD6BF8F7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Sichuan *, Yunnan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A466760FF10F838FBBEFDAD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Paramere with 1 acute process subapically; branch of aedeagal basal bridge basally with two slender processes bearing a few triangular projections laterally (modified from Chen et al. 2005). Specimens examined. 1 ♂ (KIZ), Wuliangshan, Jingdong, Yunnan, 24 ° 17 ' 27 '' N, 100 ° 19 ' 48 '' E, alt. 1700 – 2100 m, 5. viii. 2006, J. J. Gao; 9 ♂ (KIZ), Menglun South 5 km, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 59 ' 57 '' N, 101 ° 02 ' 50 '' E, alt. 820 – 890 m, 12. iv. 2010, J. J. Gao, M. J. Toda; 19 ♂ (SCAU), Hesong, Menghai, Yunnan, 21 ° 50 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 05 ' 48 '' E, alt. 1700 – 1857 m, 3 ♂ on 16. iv. 2010, J. J. Gao, 8 ♂ on 8. iv. 2011, J. M. Lu, Z. F. Shao, Y. R. Su, S. J. Yan, 8 ♂ on 12. v. 2012, H. W. Chen; 21 ♂ (SCAU), Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 37 ' 15 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 2,4. iv. 2011, J. M. Lu, Z. F. Shao, Y. R. Su, S. J. Yan; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Yixiang, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22 ° 44 ' 19 '' N, 101 ° 07 ' 01 '' E, alt. 1400 m, 13. v. 2012, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Baihualing, Baoshan, Yunnan, 25 ° 17 ' 50 '' N, 98 ° 48 ' 12 '' E, alt. 1400 m, 26. viii. 2013, Q. S. Gao, K. Liu; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Mengdong, Cangyuan, Yunnan, 23 ° 10 ' 08 '' N, 99 ° 13 ' 52 '' E, alt. 1260 – 1340 m, 10. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Wulaoshan, Lincang, Yunnan, 23 ° 15 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 11 ' 38 '' E, alt. 2155 m, 14. v. 2016, J. Huang; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Tongbiguan, Yingjiang, Yunnan, 24 ° 37 ' 04 '' N, 97 ° 40 ' 03 '' E, alt. 1313 m, 19. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Langping, Tianlin, Guangxi, 24 ° 27 ' 43 '' N, 106 ° 22 ' 52 '' E, alt. 1490 m, 30. vii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Mengyuan, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 47 ' 29 '' N, 101 ° 22 ' 59 '' E, alt. 990 m, 7. viii. 2016, L. Gong; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Nanling (Shangsongshan), Lancang, Yunnan, 22 ° 47 ' 57 '' N, 99 ° 55 ' 11 '' E, alt. 1807 m, 12. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Banpo, Lüchun, Yunnan, 22 ° 34 ' 50 '' N, 102 ° 34 ' 50 '' E, alt. 560 m, 28. x. 2016, H. W. Chen; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Shangnongkang, Gengma, Yunnan, 23 ° 32 ' 26 '' N, 99 ° 21 ' 21 '' E, alt. 1315 m, 1. xi. 2017, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Zhongshan, Mangshi, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 49 '' N, 98 ° 31 ' 27 '' E, alt. 1486 m, 3. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Bangdong, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 06 ' 09 '' N, 97 ° 50 ' 55 '' E, alt. 1370 m, 6. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Bangda, Mangshi, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 55 '' N, 98 ° 13 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1710 m, 8. xi. 2017, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Mucheng, Longling, Yunnan, 24 ° 08 ' 48 '' N, 98 ° 44 ' 48 '' E, alt. 1030 m, 9. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A466760FF10F838FBBEFDAD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Guangxi *, Yunnan). Phortica (Phortica) subradiata (Okada, 1977) (Figs. 6 C, 6 D, 30)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A466760FF10F838FBBEFDAD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Vertical process of gonopod apically crispate, with 2 or 3 projections per side (Fig. 30 C); two basal bridges of aedeagal median rod distinctly separated from each other (Fig. 30 C). Specimens examined. CHINA: 26 ♂ (SCAU), Jianfengling, Ledong, Hainan, 18 ° 41 ' 50 '' N, 108 ° 50 ' 04 '' E, alt. 700 – 890 m, 3 ♂ on 20. v. 2004, H. W. Chen, 23 ♂ on 20. iv. 2008, X. P. Chen, J. J. Gao; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Bapen, Fush- ui, Guangxi, 22 ° 32 ' 36 '' N, 107 ° 53 ' 18 '' E, alt. 210 m, 16. viii. 2004, H. W. Chen; 8 ♂, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 54 ' 57 '' N, 101 ° 16 ' 23 '' E, alt. 580 m, 5 ♂ (KIZ) on 15. iii. 2005, Y. F. Li, 3 ♂ (SCAU) on 27. ix. 2011, H. W. Chen; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Conghua, Guangdong, 23 ° 43 ' 30 '' N, 113 ° 48 ' 20 '' E, alt. 350 m, 12. x. 2005, H. W. Chen; 1 ♂ (TMNS), Beibeng, Motuo, Xizang, 29 ° 19 ' 00 '' N, 95 ° 20 ' 00 '' E, alt. 900 m, 29. ix. 2010, J. J. Gao; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Bangda, Chiayi, Taiwan, 23 ° 28 ' 47 '' N, 120 ° 39 ' 11 '' E, alt. 820 m, 15. x. 2012, H. W. Chen; 23 ♂ (SCAU), Jinshan, Menglian, Yunnan, 22 ° 19 ' 56 '' N, 99 ° 34 ' 51 '' E, alt. 940 m, 3 ♂ on 17. iv. 2016, J. Huang, L. Zhu, 20 ♂ on 23 – 25. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 8 ♂ (SCAU), Guanlei, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 38 ' 39 '' N, 101 ° 09 ' 52 '' E, alt. 560 – 740 m, 22. iv. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu; 8 ♂ (SCAU), Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 37 ' 15 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 5 ♂ on 30. iv. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu, 3 ♂ on 11. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Likan, Xi- meng, Yunnan, 22 ° 39 ' 21 '' N, 99 ° 36 ' 28 '' E, alt. 840 m, 1. v. 2016, J. Huang; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Wulaoshan, Lincang, Yunnan, 23 ° 15 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 11 ' 38 '' E, alt. 2155 m, 14. v. 2016, J. Huang; 5 ♂ (SCAU), Nabang, Yingjiang, Yunnan, 24 ° 39 ' 51 '' N, 97 ° 35 ' 31 '' E, alt. 700 m, 17. v. 2016, 18,19. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, J. Huang, L. Gong; 30 ♂, Botanic Garden, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 01 ' 12 '' N, 97 ° 51 ' 33 '' E, alt. 1170 m, 2 ♂ (SCAU) on 23. v. 2016, J. Huang, 25 ♂ (SCAU) on 22. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu, 3 ♂ (KIZ) on 6. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 7 ♂ (SCAU), Qimaba, Lü- chun, Yunnan, 22 ° 49 ' 08 '' N, 102 ° 17 ' 25 '' E, alt. 1280 m, 3. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 10 ♂ (SCAU), Mengyuan, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 47 ' 29 '' N, 101 ° 22 ' 59 '' E, alt. 990 m, 7. viii. 2016, 16. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Nanling (Shangsongshan), Lancang, Yunnan, 22 ° 47 ' 57 '' N, 99 ° 55 ' 11 '' E, alt. 1807 m, 2 ♂ on 17. viii. 2017, H. W. Chen, 1 ♂ on 23. x. 2017, L. Gong; 12 ♂ (SCAU), Longtan Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 38 ' 44 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 39 '' E, alt. 1170 m, 26,27. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Zhongshan, Mangshi, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 49 '' N, 98 ° 31 ' 27 '' E, alt. 850 m, 8. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 3 ♂ (KIZ), Bangda, Mangshi, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 55 '' N, 98 ° 13 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1710 m, 8. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Mucheng, Longling, Yunnan, 24 ° 08 ' 48 '' N, 98 ° 44 ' 48 '' E, alt. 900 m, 10. xi. 2017, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 9 ♂ (SCAU), Mengma, Menglian, Yun- nan, 22 ° 13 ' 44 '' N, 99 ° 22 ' 37 '' E, alt. 1140 m, 15. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A466760FF10F838FBBEFDAD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Xizang *).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4B6760FF10FDC7FEBBF90C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Basal bridge of aedeagal median rod with 2 pairs of weakly sclerotized processes apically, the ventral ones distinctly longer than the dorsal ones and with several minute, jagged-like projections (after Toda & Peng 1990). Specimens examined. CHINA: 18 ♂, Tianpingshan, Sangzhi, Hunan, 29 ° 44 ' 16 '' N, 110 ° 03 ' 02 '' E, alt. 1300 m, 9 ♂ (KIZ) on 1. ix. 2000, M. Nozawa, H. Takamori, 9 ♂ (SCAU) on 23 – 26. vii. 2007, H. W. Chen, X. P. Chen, Y. Cheng, J. J. Gao; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Tongmu, Wuyishan, Fujian, 27 ° 54 ' 33 '' N, 117 ° 51 ' 54 '' E, 18. viii. 2001, H. W. Chen, H. Wa- tabe; 33 ♂, Nanling, Ruyuan, Guangdong, 24 ° 05 ' 22 '' N, 113 ° 04 ' 47 '' E, alt. 550 – 1500 m, 20 ♂ (KIZ) on 23. vii. 2002, H. Takamori, 11 ♂ on 2 – 5. v. 2004, H. W. Chen, 2 ♂ (SCAU) on 8. ix. 2017, L. Gong, N. N. Wang; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Long- gong, Anshun, Guizhou, 26 ° 05 ' 47 '' N, 105 ° 53 ' 08 '' E, alt. 700 m, 25. ix. 2002, J. J. Gao, B. C. Wang; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Fan- jingshan, Tongren, Guizhou, 27 ° 52 ' 25 '' N, 108 ° 44 ' 03 '' E, alt. 1600 – 1800 m, 20. viii. 2003, J. J. Gao, W. H. Zhang; 26 ♂ (SCAU), Wuzhishan, Ruyuan, Guangdong, 24 ° 05 ' 22 '' N, 113 ° 04 ' 47 '' E, alt. 510 – 1000 m, 4 ♂ on 2 – 5. v. 2004, H. W. Chen, 10 ♂ on 25. iv. 2005, H. L. Cao, M. F. Xu, 12 ♂ on 24. viii. 2010, M. F. Xu; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Jianfengling, Ledong, Hainan, 18 ° 41 ' 50 '' N, 108 ° 50 ' 04 '' E, alt. 700 – 890 m, 20. v. 2004, H. W. Chen; 6 ♂ (SCAU), Guanshan, Yifeng, Ji- angxi, 28 ° 01 ' 04 '' N, 114 ° 25 ' 02 '' E, alt. 580 m, 8 – 10. vi. 2004, J. J. Gao; 52 ♂, Wuyishan, Yanshan, Jiangxi, 27 ° 59 ' 38 '' N, 117 ° 49 ' 04 '' E, alt. 1200 – 1400 m, 46 ♂ (26 ♂ in KIZ, 20 ♂ in SCAU) on 15. vi. 2004, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao, 6 ♂ (SCAU) on 2. vi. 2005, H. L. Cao; 31 ♂ (SCAU), Grand Canyon, Maoershan, Xing'an, Guangxi, 25 ° 51 ' 28 '' N, 110 ° 25 ' 01 '' E, alt. 380 – 760 m, 11 ♂ on 19. x. 2004, H. L. Cao, H. W. Chen, M. F. Xu, X. L. Zhang, 20 ♂ on 22. ix. 2006, J. J. Jiang, F. Zhao; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Xianheping, Xingyi, Guizhou, 24 ° 59 ' 36 '' N, 105 ° 36 ' 14 '' E, alt. 1300 m, 29. iv. 2006, M. F. Xu; 12 ♂ (4 ♂ in KIZ, 8 ♂ in SCAU), E'meishan, Leshan, Sichuan, 29 ° 36 ' 14 '' N, 103 ° 28 ' 56 '' E, alt. 700 m, 7. vii. 2007, H. Z. Cao, J. J. Gao, J. J. Jiang; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Fengtongzhai, Baoxing, Sichuan, 30 ° 32 ' 42 '' N, 102 ° 54 ' 24 '' E, alt. 1400 m, 9. vii. 2007, H. Z. Cao; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Sanchahe, Xishui, Guizhou, 28 ° 30 ' 03 '' N, 106 ° 24 ' 16 '' E, alt. 1000 m, 16. v. 2012, K. Liu, J. M. Lu, X. Y. Xu; 11 ♂ (SCAU), Langping, Tianlin, Guangxi, 24 ° 27 ' 43 '' N, 106 ° 22 ' 52 '' E, alt. 1490 m, 29,30. vii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Dafengding, Mabian, Sichuan, 28 ° 38 ' 56 '' N, 103 ° 21 ' 50 '' E, alt. 1270 m, 27. vi. 2017, L. Gong, N. N. Wang, Y. L. Wang; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Daweishan, Pingbian, Yunnan, 22 ° 56 ' 47 '' N, 103 ° 41 ' 40 '' E, alt. 2200 m, 12 – 13. viii. 2017, H. W. Chen.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4B6760FF10FDC7FEBBF90C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4B6761FF10F8A1FDDBFBC9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Aedeagal median rod with 1 small, triangular process submedially; branch of aedeagal basal bridge with 1 pair of apically bifurcated processes; vertical process of gonopod with 6 or 7 jagged-like projections per side (after Chen et al. 2005). Specimens examined. 10 ♂ (5 ♂ in KIZ, 5 ♂ in SCAU), Menglun South 5 km, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 59 ' 57 '' N, 101 ° 02 ' 50 '' E, alt. 820 – 890 m, 17. iv. 2007, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 20 ♂, Yixiang, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22 ° 44 ' 19 '' N, 101 ° 07 ' 01 '' E, alt. 1400 m, 2 ♂ (KIZ) on 18. ix. 2007, J. J. Gao, 5 ♂ (KIZ) on 18,19. ix. 2009, J. J. Gao, 13 ♂ (SCAU) on 2. x. 2011, 13. v. 2012, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 119 ♂ (SCAU), Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 37 ' 15 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 12 ♂ on 2. iv. 2011, J. M. Lu, Z. F. Shao, Y. R. Su, S. J. Yan, 83 ♂ on 3. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu, 11 ♂ on 11. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu, 6 ♂ on 26. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li, 7 ♂ on 16. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Hesong, Menghai, Yunnan, 21 ° 50 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 05 ' 48 '' E, alt. 1700 m, 8. iv. 2011, J. M. Lu, Y. R. Su, S. J. Yan; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Jinshan, Menglian, Yunnan, 22 ° 19 ' 56 '' N, 99 ° 34 ' 51 '' E, alt. 940 m, 1 ♂ on 2. v. 2016, J. Huang, 2 ♂ on 23. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong; 56 ♂ (SCAU), Mengdong, Cangyuan, Yunnan, 23 ° 10 ' 08 '' N, 99 ° 13 ' 52 '' E, alt. 1260 m, 48 ♂ on 10. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu, 8 ♂ on 19. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 1 ♂ (SCAU), Wulaoshan, Lincang, Yunnan, 23 ° 15 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 11 ' 38 '' E, alt. 2155 m, 14. v. 2016, J. Huang; 67 ♂ (SCAU), Botanic Garden, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 04 ' 19 '' N, 97 ° 49 ' 08 '' E, alt. 1154 m, 4 ♂ on 23. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, L. Zhu, 46 ♂ on 22. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu, 3 ♂ on 6. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li, 14 ♂ on 22. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 9 ♂ (SCAU), Qimaba, Lüchun, Yunnan, 22 ° 49 ' 08 '' N, 102 ° 17 ' 25 '' E, alt. 1280 m, 3. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 24 ♂ (SCAU), Waluo, Ji- angcheng, Yunnan, 22 ° 31 ' 27 '' N, 101 ° 52 ' 21 '' E, alt. 1100 m, 5. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Guoqing, Jiangcheng, Yunnan, 22 ° 38 ' 15 '' N, 101 ° 52 ' 07 '' E, alt. 1100 m, 5. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Nanling (Shangsongshan), Lancang, Yunnan, 22 ° 47 ' 57 '' N, 99 ° 55 ' 11 '' E, alt. 1800 m, 12. viii. 2016, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Husa, Longchuan, Yunnan, 24 ° 25 ' 19 '' N, 97 ° 46 ' 38 '' E, alt. 1337 m, 21. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Banpo, Lüchun, Yunnan, 22 ° 34 ' 50 '' N, 102 ° 34 ' 50 '' E, alt. 560 m, 27. x. 2016, H. W. Chen; 3 ♂ (SCAU), Mengbin, Lancang, Yunnan, 22 ° 30 ' 38 '' N, 99 ° 53 ' 26 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 18. viii. 2017, H. W. Chen; 27 ♂ (SCAU), Longtan, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 38 ' 44 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 39 '' E, alt. 1140 m, 18 ♂ on 26,27. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li, 9 ♂ on 18. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Sipaishan, Shuangjiang, Yunnan, 23 ° 28 ' 30 '' N, 99 ° 39 ' 54 '' E, alt. 1569 m, 29. x. 2017, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 14 ♂ (SCAU), Menglai Grand Canyon, Cangyuan, Yun- nan, 23 ° 13 ' 20 '' N, 99 ° 15 ' 04 '' E, alt. 1240 m, 30. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Shangnongkang, Gengma, Yunnan, 23 ° 32 ' 26 '' N, 99 ° 21 ' 21 '' E, alt. 1315 m, 1. xi. 2017, L. Gong, B. X. Li; 4 ♂ (SCAU), Bangda, Mang- shi, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 55 '' N, 98 ° 13 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1710 m, 8. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4B6761FF10F8A1FDDBFBC9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Yunnan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4A6761FF10FB69FDDBF98C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Paramere submedially with 1 small, triangular process, and slender secondary process apically bearing 1 tooth; branch of aedeagal basal bridge single, strongly sclerotized (after Chen et al. 2005). Specimens examined. CHINA: 1 ♂ (KIZ), Menglun South 5 km, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 59 ' 57 '' N, 101 ° 02 ' 50 '' E, alt. 890 m, 12. iv. 2010, J. J. Gao; 2 ♂ (SCAU), Guanlei, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 38 ' 39 '' N, 101 ° 09 ' 52 '' E, alt. 560 – 740 m, 22. iv. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu; 1 ♂ (KIZ), Jinshan, Menglian, Yunnan, 22 ° 20 ' 06 '' N, 99 ° 34 ' 34 '' E, alt. 1040 m, 27. iv. 2016, J. Huang.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4A6761FF10FB69FDDBF98C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Yunnan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4A6766FF10F9D4FE68FD1D.taxon	description	(Fig. 31)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4A6766FF10F9D4FE68FD1D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is somewhat similar to P. hainanensis (Chen & Toda, 1998) in the male terminalia (Fig. 31), but can be distinguished from the latter by having the anterior branch of paramere apically broadened and strongly sclerotized, with 1 small cleft (Fig. 31 C); aedeagus submedially lacking process on median rod, and basolaterally lacking brown patch on outer membrane (Fig. 31 C).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4A6766FF10F9D4FE68FD1D.taxon	description	Description. Frons brown above, dark brown below. Face black. Mesoscutum yellow, black anteromedially. Pleura greyish yellow, brownish on katepisternum. Male terminalia (Fig. 31): Epandrium pubescent and strongly protruded on anteroventral corners, with ca. 8 setae on dorsal to posterolateral portion per side (Fig. 31 A). Surstylus medially strongly curved inward, lacking pubescence on outer surface, with several prensisetae on distal 1 / 3 (Fig. 31 B). Posterolateral lobe of hypandrium undeveloped and lacking pubescence (Fig. 31 C). Paramere lacking sensillum or tooth on anterior and posterior branches (Fig. 31 C). Measurements and indices. BL = 3.91 mm in holotype (range in 2 ♂ paratypes: 3.47 – 3.64), ThL = 2.00 mm (1.78 – 1.87), WL = 3.20 mm (3.02 – 3.08), WW = 1.33 mm (1.33 – 1.42), arb = 4 / 2 (5 – 6 / 2 – 3), adv = 0.73 (0.73 – 0.80), adf = 2.00 (1.88 – 2.00), flw = 1.88 (1.87 – 1.88), FW / HW = 0.48 (0.48 – 0.50), ch / o = 0.17 (0.15 – 0.17), prorb = 0.91 (0.76 – 0.91), rcorb = 0.49 (0.48 – 0.52), vb = 0.56 (0.50 – 0.58), dcl = 0.50 (0.50 – 0.58), presctl = 0.55 (0.56 – 0.65), sctl = 1.09 (1.03 – 1.08), sterno = 0.79 (0.76 – 0.77), orbito = 1.40 (1.38 – 1.43), dcp = 0.23 (0.20 – 0.24), sctlp = 1.03 (1.00 – 1.03), C = 2.04 (1.76 – 1.88), 4 c = 1.79 (1.73 – 1.81), 4 v = 3.30 (3.00 – 3.06), 5 x = 1.20 (1.18 – 1.26), ac = 2.78 (2.76 – 3.06), M = 0.86 (0.80 – 0.81), C 3 F = 0.66 (0.68 – 0.71).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4A6766FF10F9D4FE68FD1D.taxon	materials_examined	Type materials. Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 124906), CHINA: Mengdong, Cangyuan, Yunnan, 23 ° 10 ' 08 '' N, 99 ° 13 ' 52 '' E, alt. 1320 m, 7. v. 2016, J. Huang. Paratypes: 2 ♂ (SCAU, Nos. 124907, 08), J. Huang, L. Zhu, other data same as the holotype.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4A6766FF10F9D4FE68FD1D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Yunnan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4A6766FF10F9D4FE68FD1D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. A combination of the Greek words: ' all ' + ' omega ', referring to this species is different from P. omega (Okada, 1977).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4D6767FF10F9D3FECFFDD5.taxon	description	(Fig. 32)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4D6767FF10F9D3FECFFDD5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Aedeagal median rod basally with 1 pair of slender, apically curved, acute, lobe-like processes, and subapically with 2 pairs of slender, lobe-like processes (Fig. 32 C).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4D6767FF10F9D3FECFFDD5.taxon	description	Description. Frons with small and triangular black above, brown below. Face brown. Mesoscutum, pleura, and scutellum brown, with black patches and pollinose pattern. Male terminalia (Fig. 32): Epandrium pubescent anteroventrally, with ca. 8 setae on posterodorsal portion per side (Fig. 32 A). Surstylus lacking pubescence on outer surface, with ca. 5 wedge-like prensisetae on apical margin (Fig. 32 B). Posterolateral lobe of hypandrium undeveloped and lacking pubescence (Fig. 32 C). Paramere with sparse pubescence subapically; apical process with 1 sensillum and 3 teeth; medial process slender; basal process with 1 sensillum (Fig. 32 D). Measurements and indices. BL = 3.67 mm in holotype (range in 5 ♂ paratypes: 3.40 – 3.53), ThL = 1.67 mm (1.53 – 1.70), WL = 3.53 mm (3.40 – 3.60), WW = 1.27 mm (1.20 – 1.30), arb = 4 / 0 (3 – 4 / 0), adf = 1.33 (1.10 – 1.33), flw = 1.44 (1.20 – 1.33), FW / HW = 0.53 (0.52 – 0.54), ch / o = 0.10 (0.10 – 0.11), prorb = 1.05 (1.06 – 1.18), rcorb = 0.45 (0.44 – 0.53), orbito = 1.14 (1.29 – 1.43), vb = 0.59 (0.50 – 0.56), dcl = 0.54 (0.51 – 0.61), presctl = 0.49 (0.51 – 0.56), sctl = 1.14 (0.97 – 1.11), sterno = 0.87 (0.83 – 0.92), dcp = 0.28 (0.28 – 0.29), sctlp = 1.00 (0.80 – 1.07), C = 2.22 (2.14 – 2.27), 4 v = 2.93 (2.92 – 3.17), 4 c = 1.64 (1.54 – 1.83), 5 x = 0.82 (0.82 – 1.00), ac = 2.88 (2.44 – 2.75), M = 0.64 (0.69 – 0.83), C 3 F = 0.65 (0.64 – 0.68).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4D6767FF10F9D3FECFFDD5.taxon	materials_examined	Type materials. CHINA: Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 112001), Pangquangou, Jiaocheng, Shanxi, 37 ° 47 ' 31 '' N, 111 ° 30 ' 20 '' E, alt. 2200 m, 30. vii. 2016, L. Zhu. Paratypes: CHINA: 17 ♂ (SCAU, Nos. 112002 – 18), 30,31. vii. 2016, N. N. Wang, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu, same data as holotype.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4D6767FF10F9D3FECFFDD5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Shanxi).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4D6767FF10F9D3FECFFDD5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. A combination of the Greek words: ' archi ' + ' kappa ', referring to this species resembles P. kappa (Máca, 1977).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4C6765FF10F888FAF0FC8D.taxon	description	(Fig. 33)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4C6765FF10F888FAF0FC8D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Vertical process of gonopod apically small, nearly membraneous, only with 1 projection per side (Fig. 33 D); 2 pairs of basal bridges of aedeagal median rod fused to each other (Fig. 33 D).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4C6765FF10F888FAF0FC8D.taxon	description	Description. Frons dark brown above, brownish below. Face brownish. Mesoscutum, pleura, and scutellum brownish yellow, with brown to dark brown patches and pollinose pattern. Male terminalia (Fig. 33): Epandrium pubescent anteroventrally, with ca. 10 setae on dorsal to posterolateral portion per side (Fig. 33 B). Surstylus lacking pubescence on outer surface, with several wedge-like prensisetae on apical margin and inner surface (Fig. 33 C). Paramere expanded distally; apical process with 2 sensilla and 1 tooth; medial process with 2 sensilla, lacking pubescence or tooth; basal process acute apically (Fig. 33 E). Aedeagal median rod with 2 slightly asymmetrical processes submedially (Fig. 33 D). Measurements and indices. BL = 3.78 mm in holotype (range in 7 ♂ paratypes: 3.33 – 4.13), ThL = 1.56 mm (1.53 – 1.87), WL = 2.98 mm (2.67 – 3.00), WW = 1.24 mm (1.20 – 1.47), arb = 5 / 3 (4 – 5 / 2 – 3), avd = 0.58 (0.50 – 0.80), adf = 2.00 (1.27 – 2.00), flw = 1.88 (1.45 – 2.20), FW / HW = 0.42 (0.40 – 0.56), ch / o = 0.08 (0.08 – 0.11), prorb = 1.25 (1.00 – 1.33), rcorb = 0.42 (0.33 – 0.56), vb = 0.63 (0.41 – 0.80), dcl = 0.48 (0.36 – 0.50), presctl = 0.60 (0.50 – 0.59), sctl = 1.13 (1.00 – 1.20), sterno = 1.58 (0.80 – 1.60), orbito = 1.67 (1.13 – 1.57), dcp = 0.27 (0.24 – 0.33), sctlp = 1.07 (0.94 – 1.13), C = 2.12 (1.97 – 2.96), 4 c = 1.50 (1.53 – 1.78), 4 v = 2.64 (2.68 – 3.27), 5 x = 0.93 (0.79 – 1.00), ac = 3.67 (3.21 – 3.91), M = 0.59 (0.54 – 0.71), C 3 F = 0.68 (0.61 – 0.74).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4C6765FF10F888FAF0FC8D.taxon	materials_examined	Type materials. Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 123251), CHINA: Beibeng, Motuo, Xizang, 29 ° 19 ' 00 '' N, 95 ° 20 ' 00 '' E, alt. 1000 m, 29. ix. 2010, J. J. Gao. Paratypes: CHINA: 1 ♂ (TMNS), same data as the holotype; 15 ♂, Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 37 ' 15 '' N, 99 ° 35 ' 42 '' E, alt. 1200 m, 6 ♂ (SCAU, Nos. 123252 – 55, 112044, 112045) on 4. iv. 2011, J. M. Lu, Z. F. Shao, Y. R. Su, S. J. Yan, 5 ♂ (KIZ, Nos. 0090527 – 31) on 30. iv. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu, 4 ♂ (SCAU, Nos. 112046 – 49) on 26. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. LI; 4 ♂ (KIZ, Nos. 0090675 – 78), Hesong, Menghai, Yunnan, 21 ° 50 ' 17 '' N, 100 ° 05 ' 48 '' E, alt. 1700 – 1900 m, 7. v. 2012, H. W. Chen, J. J. Gao; 6 ♂, Guan- lei, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 38 ' 39 '' N, 101 ° 09 ' 52 '' E, alt. 560 – 740 m, 1 ♂ (KIZ, No. 0090532) on 14. xi. 2012, J. J. Gao, 5 ♂ (SCAU, Nos. 124892 – 96) on 21 – 23. iv. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu; 35 ♂ (SCAU, No. 124897, 112054 – 87), Jinshan, Menglian, Yunnan, 22 ° 20 ' 06 '' N, 99 ° 34 ' 34 '' E, alt. 1040 m, 1 ♂ on 27. iv. 2016, J. Huang, 28 ♂ on 23 – 25. x. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, B. X. Li, 6 ♂ on 15. iv. 2018, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 6 ♂ (SCAU, Nos. 124886 – 91), Likan, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22 ° 39 ' 21 '' N, 99 ° 36 ' 28 '' E, alt. 840 m, 1. v. 2016, J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, L. Zhu; 1 ♂ (SCAU, No. 124843), Mengyuan, Mengla, Yunnan, 21 ° 47 ' 29 '' N, 101 ° 22 ' 59 '' E, alt. 990 m, 7. viii. 2016, L. Gong; 3 ♂ (SCAU, Nos. 124898 – 900), Botanic Garden, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 01 ' 12 '' N, 97 ° 51 ' 33 '' E, alt. 1170 m, 22. viii. 2016, H. W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Q. Liu; 1 ♂ (SCAU, No. 124712), Nanling (Shangsongshan), Lancang, Yun- nan, 22 ° 47 ' 57 '' N, 99 ° 55 ' 11 '' E, alt. 1435 m, 23. x. 2017, B. X. Li; 2 ♂ (SCAU, 124710, 11), Bangdong, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 06 ' 09 '' N, 97 ° 50 ' 55 '' E, alt. 1370 m, 6. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen, L. Gong; 1 ♂ (SCAU, No. 124713), Zhongshan, Mang- shi, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 49 '' N, 98 ° 31 ' 27 '' E, alt. 850 m, 8. xi. 2017, H. W. Chen.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4C6765FF10F888FAF0FC8D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Yunnan, Xizang).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4C6765FF10F888FAF0FC8D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Toponym, according to the locality of collected specimens from Yunnan and Xizang.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4E6765FF10FC27FE67F8F9.taxon	description	(Fig. 34)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4E6765FF10FC27FE67F8F9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is somewhat similar to P. eugamma (Toda & Peng, 1990) and P. gamma (Toda & Peng, 1990) in having the male abdominal sixth tergite not extended on posterolateral corners and aedeagal outer membrane with minute, transparent spinules, but can be distinguished from the above-mentioned two species by having the aedeagal median rod distally with 1 spine-like process and 1 deeply bifurcated process per side, basally without didymous, rod-like processes (Fig. 34 C); paramere curved basally (Fig. 34 D).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4E6765FF10FC27FE67F8F9.taxon	description	Description. Frons dark brown to black above, brown below. Face brown. Mesoscutum, pleura and scutellum brown, with dark brown to black patches and pollinose patterns. Male terminalia (Fig. 34): Epandrium pubescent anteroventrally, with ca. 7 setae on dorsal to posterolateral portion per side (Fig. 34 A). Surstylus lacking pubescence on outer surface, with several wedge-like prensisetae on apical margin (Fig. 34 B). Posterolateral lobe of hypandrium undeveloped and lacking pubescence (Fig. 34 C). Paramere with 1 sensillum and 3 teeth on apical process; medial and basal process slender and glabrous (Fig. 34 D). Measurements and indices. BL = 3.33 mm in holotype (range in 6 ♂ paratypes: 3.07 – 3.56), ThL = 1.67 mm (1.47 – 1.67), WL = 2.71 mm (2.47 – 2.76), WW = 1.20 mm (1.09 – 1.42), arb = 5 / 2 (4 – 5 / 1 – 2), adv = 0.77 (0.54 – 0.77), adf = 1.73 (1.85 – 2.14), flw = 1.73 (2.00 – 2.14), FW / HW = 0.47 (0.47 – 0.51), ch / o = 0.14 (0.14 – 0.18), prorb = 0.81 (0.75 – 0.89), rcorb = 0.52 (0.47 – 0.56), vb = 0.53 (0.48 – 0.57), dcl = 0.53 (0.44 – 0.63), presctl = 0.65 (0.51 – 0.70), sctl = 1.09 (1.07 – 1.11), sterno = 0.79 (0.77 – 0.85), orbito = 1.50 (1.33 – 1.67), dcp = 0.25 (0.24 – 0.29), sctlp = 1.00 (0.88 – 1.14), C = 2.00 (1.86 – 1.96), 4 c = 1.57 (1.47 – 1.64), 4 v = 2.86 (2.47 – 2.93), 5 x = 1.06 (1.06 – 1.13), ac = 2.49 (3.54 – 3.67), M = 0.64 (0.60 – 0.67), C 3 F = 0.75 (0.73 – 0.78).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4E6765FF10FC27FE67F8F9.taxon	materials_examined	Type materials. Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 124901), CHINA: Mengdong, Cangyuan, Yunnan, 23 ° 10 ' 08 '' N, 99 ° 13 ' 52 '' E, alt. 1300 m, 6. v. 2016, L. Zhu. Paratypes: CHINA: 6 ♂ (2 ♂ in KIZ, Nos. 0090533, 34; 4 ♂ in SCAU, Nos. 124902 – 05), J. Huang, Y. Q. Liu, Y. L. Wang, other data same as the holotype.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4E6765FF10FC27FE67F8F9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Yunnan).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A4E6765FF10FC27FE67F8F9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin words: ' im ' + ' bacillus ', referring to the aedeagal median rod basally without didymous, rod-like process.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A31671BFF10FACFFC74FED1.taxon	description	(Fig. 35)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A31671BFF10FACFFC74FED1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is somewhat similar to P. psi (Zhang & Gan, 1986) in the male terminalia, but can be distinguished from the latter by having the aedeagal median rod with 1 pair of lobe-like, distally slender but not bifurcated processes submedially (Fig. 35 C).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A31671BFF10FACFFC74FED1.taxon	description	Description. Frons dark black above, brown below. Face brown. Gena and postgena black. Mesoscutum, pleura, and scutellum yellowish brown, with dark brown patches and pollinose pattern. Male terminalia (Fig. 35): Epandrium pubescent anteroventrally, with ca. 7 setae on posterolateral portion per side (Fig. 35 A). Surstylus basally with pubescence on outer surface, with several wedge-like prensisetae on apical margin and inner surface (Fig. 35 B). Posterolateral lobe of hypandrium undeveloped and lacking pubescence (Fig. 35 C). Paramere with sparse pubescence subapically; apical process with 1 sensillum and 3 teeth; medial process somewhat triangular; basal process with 1 sensillum (Fig. 35 C). Measurements and indices. BL = 3.20 mm in holotype (range in 3 ♂ paratypes: 2.80 – 3.33), ThL = 1.53 mm (1.47 – 1.67), WL = 3.13 mm (2.13 – 3.27), WW = 1.13 mm (1.07 – 1.27), arb = 3 / 0 (3 – 4 / 0), adf = 1.50 (0.80 – 1.00), flw = 2.00 (1.40 – 1.50), FW / HW = 0.38 (0.43 – 0.50), ch / o = 0.13 (0.09 – 0.17), prorb = 1.19 (0.80 – 1.17), rcorb = 0.63 (0.42 – 0.50), vb = 0.60 (0.50 – 0.60), dcl = 0.50 (0.44 – 0.60), presctl = 0.56 (0.44 – 0.50), sctl = 1.13 (1.07 – 1.46), sterno = 0.60 (0.67 – 1.33), orbito = 1.43 (1.10 – 2.00), dcp = 0.28 (0.21 – 0.32), sctlp = 0.67 (0.50 – 0.86), C = 2.10 (1.65 – 2.23), 4 c = 1.40 (1.69 – 1.82), 4 v = 2.67 (3.31 – 3.36), 5 x = 1.13 (1.00 – 1.05), ac = 3.50 (3.14 – 4.00), M = 0.60 (0.73 – 0.82), C 3 F = 0.71 (0.73 – 0.85).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A31671BFF10FACFFC74FED1.taxon	materials_examined	Type materials. Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 124044), CHINA: Mayanghe, Yanhe, Guizhou, 28 ° 40 ' 37 '' N, 108 ° 19 ' 33 '' E, alt. 1100 m, 24. v. 2012, K. Liu. Paratypes: 3 ♂ (SCAU, Nos. 124045 – 47), same data as holotype.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A31671BFF10FACFFC74FED1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Guizhou).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A31671BFF10FACFFC74FED1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Patronym after the collector Mr. Kun Liu (SCAU).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A306718FF10F891FC6FFC11.taxon	description	(Fig. 36)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A306718FF10F891FC6FFC11.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is somewhat similar to P. rhagolobos Chen & Gao in Cheng et al. 2008 in having the vertical process of gonopod bifurcated distally (Fig. 36 C), but can be distinguished from the latter by having the vertical process of gonopod narrow, strongly sclerotized, and with several small jagged-like projections (Fig. 36 C); the basal bridge of aedeagal median rod strongly elongated, slightly shorter than aedeagal median rod, with several minute, jagged-like processes (Fig. 36 C).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A306718FF10F891FC6FFC11.taxon	description	Description. Frons black. Face brown. Mesoscutum, pleura and scutellum brown brownish yellow, with brown to dark brown patches and pollinose pattern. Male terminalia (Fig. 36): Epandrium lacking pubescence anteroventrally, with ca. 11 setae on dorsal to posterolateral portion per side (Fig. 36 A). Surstylus lacking pubescence on outer surface, with several wedge-like prensisetae on apical margin and inner surface (Fig. 36 B). Posterolateral lobe of hypandrium undeveloped and lacking pubescence (Fig. 36 C). Paramere medially pubescent; apical and median processes each with 1 tooth; basal process slightly triangular (Fig. 36 D). Measurements and indices. BL = 3.73 mm in holotype (range in 3 ♂ paratypes: 3.07 – 3.73), ThL = 1.35 mm (1.33 – 1.50), WL = 2.73 mm (2.44 – 2.89), WW = 1.24 mm (1.11 – 1.30), arb = 5 / 2 (4 – 5 / 2 – 3), avd = 0.73 (0.63 – 0.70), adf = 1.80 (1.71 – 1.86), flw = 1.56 (1.33 – 2.00), FW / HW = 0.48 (0.40 – 0.48), ch / o = 0.09 (0.08 – 0.10), prorb = 0.86 (0.78 – 1.00), rcorb = 0.44 (0.35 – 0.56), vb = 0.78 (0.64 – 0.73), dcl = 0.57 (0.48 – 0.58), presctl = 0.43 (0.51 – 0.62), sctl = 0.95 (1.10 – 1.26), sterno = 1.64 (1.67 – 1.92), orbito = 1.71 (1.25 – 1.83), dcp = 0.24 (0.24 – 0.30), sctlp = 0.73 (0.79 – 1.14), C = 2.74 (2.04 – 3.17), 4 c = 1.42 (1.45 – 1.75), 4 v = 3.05 (2.85 – 3.13), 5 x = 1.00 (0.85 – 1.04), ac = 2.45 (3.86 – 4.14), M = 0.68 (0.55 – 0.75), C 3 F = 0.63 (0.70 – 0.72).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A306718FF10F891FC6FFC11.taxon	materials_examined	Type materials. Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 123275), CHINA: Beibeng, Motuo, Xizang, 29 ° 19 ' 00 '' N, 95 ° 20 ' 00 '' E, alt. 1000 m, 29. ix. 2010, J. J. Gao. Paratypes: CHINA: 3 ♂ (1 ♂ in SCAU, No. 123276; 2 ♂ in TMNS), same data as the holotype, L. Wang, L. Wu, Y. R. Su; 1 ♂ (SCAU, No. 112026), Moli Forest Park, Ruili, Yunnan, 24 ° 07 ' 05 '' N, 97 ° 58 ' 51 '' E, alt. 920 m, 23. iv. 2017, H. W. Chen.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A306718FF10F891FC6FFC11.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Yunnan, Xizang).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A306718FF10F891FC6FFC11.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Toponym, according to the locality of the holotype.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A32671EFF10FF33FB59FEF5.taxon	description	(Fig. 37)	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A32671EFF10FF33FB59FEF5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is very similar to P. subradiata (Okada, 1977) in the shape of paramere, but can be distinguished from the latter by having the vertical process of gonopod radiated apically (Fig. 37 C); two basal bridges of aedeagal median rod fused to each other (Fig. 37 C).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A32671EFF10FF33FB59FEF5.taxon	description	Description. Frons dark brown. Face brownish. Mesoscutum and pleura brownish yellow, with brown spots and pollinose pattern. Scutellum brownish yellow, with 1 pair of dark brown patches distolaterally. Male terminalia (Fig. 37): Epandrium pubescent anteroventrally, with ca. 14 setae on dorsal to posterolateral portion per side (Fig. 37 A). Surstylus basally pubescent on outer surface, with ca. 6 wedge-like prensisetae on apical margin (Fig. 37 B). Posterolateral lobe of hypandrium undeveloped and lacking pubescence (Fig. 37 C). Paramere expanded and pubescent distally; apical and medial processes each with 1 tooth and 1 sensillum; basal process round apically (Fig. 37 D). Vertical process of gonopod apically with 4 or 5 of projections per side (Fig. 37 C). Aedeagal median rod submedially with 1 pair of small processes (pr in Fig. 37 C) and 1 small projection (ps). Measurements and indices. BL = 3.33 mm in holotype (range in 4 ♂ paratypes: 3.00 – 3.50), ThL = 1.69 mm (1.24 – 1.64), WL = 2.49 mm (2.31 – 2.71), WW = 1.24 mm (1.20 – 1.24), arb = 4 / 2 (4 – 5 / 2 – 3), avd = 0.73 (0.64 – 0.88), adf = 2.57 (1.80 – 2.60), flw = 2.14 (1.91 – 2.13), FW / HW = 0.43 (0.42 – 0.49), ch / o = 0.08 (0.08 – 0.09), prorb = 1.00 (0.81 – 1.22), rcorb = 0.44 (0.44 – 0.53), vb = 0.64 (0.50 – 0.73), dcl = 0.57 (0.47 – 0.68), presctl = 0.57 (0.44 – 0.71), sctl = 1.09 (1.05 – 1.11), sterno = 1.50 (1.10 – 1.50), orbito = 1.33 (1.33 – 1.80), dcp = 0.28 (0.23 – 0.30), sctlp = 1.13 (1.07 – 1.25), C = 2.19 (2.11 – 2.59), 4 c = 1.59 (1.38 – 1.69), 4 v = 2.82 (2.80 – 3.36), 5 x = 1.09 (0.83 – 1.30), ac = 3.86 (2.26 – 4.17), M = 0.71 (0.63 – 0.93), C 3 F = 0.70 (0.63 – 0.78).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A32671EFF10FF33FB59FEF5.taxon	materials_examined	Type materials. Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 123279), CHINA: Beibeng, Motuo, Xizang, 29 ° 19 ' 00 '' N, 95 ° 20 ' 00 '' E, alt. 1000 m, 3. x. 2010, J. J. Gao. Paratypes: CHINA: 8 ♂ (4 ♂ in SCAU, Nos. 123280 – 83, 4 ♂ in TMNS), Y. R. Su, L. Wang, L. Wu, same data as the holotype.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A32671EFF10FF33FB59FEF5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Xizang).	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
038C87C89A32671EFF10FF33FB59FEF5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Patronym, in honour of Dr. X. F. Li (SCAU) for helping us in the fieldwork.	en	Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying, Chen, Hongwei (2019): Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 4678 (1): 1-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1
