identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038C87E56670FFE50FC3093BFCF1FC32.text	038C87E56670FFE50FC3093BFCF1FC32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratonereis mirabilis Kinberg 1865	<div><p>Ceratonereis mirabilis Kinberg, 1865</p><p>Fig. 2A–G</p><p>Ceratonereis mirabilis Kinberg, 1865: 170; Hartman 1948: 71–72; Imajima &amp; Hartman 1964: 141–142; Day 1967: 324, fig. 14.10a–g; Imajima 1972: 64–66, figs 13a–s, 17; Hartmann-Schröder 1979: 113–114, figs 184–187; Hartmann-Schröder 1980: 58; Perkins 1980: 4–11, figs 1–4; Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1982: 98; Hartmann-Schröder 1985: 43, fig. 23; Imajima 2003: 170; Conde-Vela 2021: 305–309, figs 3–4.</p><p>Type locality. Brazil .</p><p>Material examined. WesternAustralia: Cowrie Creek, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.769424&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.53995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.769424/lat -18.53995)">Bidyadanga</a>, 18°32′23.82″S 121°46′09.91″E, 4November 2020, 2 specimens (WAM V11616) . Cape Bosut, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.626144&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.701387" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.626144/lat -18.701387)">Bidyadanga</a>, 18°42′4.99″S 121°37′34.11″E, 3 November 2020, 2 specimens (WAM V11617) . Cape <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.78179&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.964617" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.78179/lat -19.964617)">Keraudren</a>, 19°57′52.62″S 119°46′54.44″E, 5 November 2020, 2 specimens (WAM V11618) . Cemetery Beach, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.61122&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.305954" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.61122/lat -20.305954)">Port Hedland</a>, 20°18′21.44″S 118°36′40.39″E, 2 November 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11619) . Five Finger Reef, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.77344&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.1901" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.77344/lat -23.1901)">Ningaloo</a>, 23°11′24.36″S 113°46′24.35″E, 19 September 2020, 4 specimens (WAM V11620) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.5359&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.77273" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.5359/lat -23.77273)">Gnaraloo</a>, 23°46′21.83″S 113°32′9.24″E, 22 September 2020, 2 specimens (WAM V11621) . Coral Bay, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.76789&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.154518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.76789/lat -23.154518)">Ningaloo</a>, 23°9′16.27″S 113°46′4.40″E, 26 July 2016, 1 specimen (WAM V11622) .</p><p>Description. Incomplete specimens with 15–61 chaetigers, posterior end missing, remaining body 3.0– 19.4 mm long and 0.6–1.0 mm wide; cream yellow or reddish brown in alcohol. Dark brown pigment present on prostomium and tentacular segments, thin dark brown bands present on few anterior chaetigers.</p><p>Prostomium wider than long, with antero-medial incision. Eyes two pairs, equal size, in trapezoidal arrangement. Palps one pair, palpophores tubular, palpostyles subconical. Antennae one pair, as long as palps. Tentacular cirri four pairs with basal articulation, longest ones extending to chaetiger 8–16. Pharyngeal jaws reddish brown or translucent in small specimens, curved at tips, with nine teeth on each jaw. Paragnaths reddish black, present on maxillary ring only, arranged as follows: Area I= 0, Area II= 6–13 cones in an oblique oval, Area III= 8–14 cones in a circle, Area IV= 12–24 cones in a circle, Area V= 0, Area VI= 0 (1 rounded papilla in some specimens), Areas VII–VIII= 0 (Fig. 2A–B).</p><p>Apodous segment as long as first chaetiger. First two chaetigers uniramous. Notopodia present with digitiform dorsal and ventral ligules, dorsal ligules about half as long as ventral ligules in middle chaetigers and much smaller in posterior chaetigers. Dorsal cirri cirriform, attached on middle of dorsal parapodia in anterior chaetigers, nearer to distal edge of dorsal parapodia in posterior chaetigers, about five times longer than ventral ligules, similar length throughout chaetigers. Neuropodia with digitiform ventral ligules, acicular ligules, and triangular postchaetal lobes extending to same level of acicular ligule tips. Ventral cirri cirriform, attached basally on ventral parapodia, slightly longer than ventral ligules, similar length throughout chaetigers (Fig. 2C).</p><p>Notochaetae present with homogomph spinigers in anterior chaetigers, sesquigomph falcigers from chaetiger 13–19 (Fig. 2D). Notopodial falcigerous blades long, slightly curved, bidentate (with a small distal tooth), with fine serrations, serrations longer towards tips.Neurochaetae present with heterogomph falcigers (Fig.2E) and homogomph spinigers (Fig. 2F) in dorsal fascicles; falcigerous blades long, slightly curved, bidentate with fine serrations, serrations longer towards tips. Neurochaetae also present with heterogomph spinigers (Fig. 2G) and falcigers (Fig. 2H) in ventral fascicles; falcigerous blades long, slightly curved, unidentate (without a small distal tooth), with fine serrations, serrations longer towards tips. All spinigerous blades long, with fine serrations. Acicula translucent.</p><p>Remarks. Our specimens differ from Ceratonereis mirabilis from South Australia, Mozambique, Madagascar, Japan, and Brazil. Ceratonereis mirabilis from South Australia has more elongate conical paragnaths in some specimens, digitiform prechaetal lobes in dorsal neuropodial ligules, and heterogomoph spinigers in the dorsal fascicles of the neuropodia (Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1982). Ceratonereis mirabilis from Mozambique and Madagascar has minutely papillated dorsum in posterior segments (Day 1967). Ceratonereis mirabilis from Japan has unidentate falcigers in noto- and neuropodia of some specimens (Imajima 1972). Ceratonereis mirabilis from Brazil has fewer teeth on each jaw (7) and heterogomph spinigers in the dorsal fascicles of the neuropodia (Conde-Vela 2021).</p><p>The degree of variation in C. mirabilis is highly suggestive of a species complex. Assessing specimens using molecular and morphological evidence of atokes and epitokes across the oceans: Indian Ocean (Mozambique, Madagascar, and Western Australia), and Southern Ocean (South Australia), Pacific (Japan), and Atlantic (Brazil) will be required to establish the possible presence of additional species. Ceratonereis species from Western Australia, i.e., Ceratonereis (Ceratonereis) perkinsi Hartmann-Schröder, 1985; Ceratonereis singularis australis HartmannSchröder, 1985; Ceratonereis (Ceratonereis) longiceratophora Hartmann-Schröder, 1985; and Ceratonereis tentaculata Kinberg, 1865, differ from the present material. Ceratonereis perkinsi and C. singularis australis have unidentate falcigers in notopodia, instead of bidentate falcigers for C. mirabilis . Ceratonereis longiceratophora has only bidentate falcigers in ventral fascicles of neuropodia, instead of both unidentate and bidentate falcigers or only unidentate falcigers for C. mirabilis . Ceratonereis tentaculata has longer dorsal notopodial ligules than those of C. mirabilis .</p><p>Distribution. Indo-Pacific Ocean: Red Sea, Australia, Japan, Galapagos Islands; and the western Atlantic Ocean: Brazil, Gulf of Mexico (Table 2).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal, subtidal, rocky shores (Table 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87E56670FFE50FC3093BFCF1FC32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto (2023): Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from intertidal macroalgae in Western Australia. Zootaxa 5239 (2): 151-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1
038C87E56672FFE40FC30BC7FCB8FC50.text	038C87E56672FFE40FC30BC7FCB8FC50.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Micronereis bansei (Hartmann-Schroder 1979)	<div><p>Micronereis bansei (Hartmann-Schröder, 1979)</p><p>Fig. 3A</p><p>Quadricirra bansei Hartmann-Schröder, 1979: 121–122, figs 227–237.</p><p>Micronereis bansei .— Paxton 1983: 11–12, figs 14–27; Glasby 2015: 215–217, fig. 2D.</p><p>Type locality. Gantheaume Point, Broome, Western Australia .</p><p>Material examined. Western Australia: Cooke Point, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.63917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.302696" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.63917/lat -20.302696)">Port Hedland</a>, 20°18′9.71″S 118°38′21.00″E, 1 November 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11623) .</p><p>Description. A complete specimen with 17 chaetigers, body 1.7 mm long and 0.2 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol.</p><p>Prostomium longer than wide. Eyes reddish black, two pairs, in trapezoidal arrangement, outer ones longer. Palps minute, simple, directed ventrally. Antennae absent. Tentacular cirri four pairs, smooth, longest one extending to chaetiger 3.</p><p>Apodous segment reduced. First chaetiger uniramous. Notopodia and neuropodia widely separated, comprising a single lobe each, subtriangular distally. Dorsal and ventral cirri cirriform, attached near edge of parapodia, similar length throughout all chaetigers. Small accessory cirri present on ventral side of notopodia and dorsal side of neuropodia.</p><p>Notochaetae and neurochaetae present with homogomph spinigers, shafts with weak septa (Fig. 3A). All spinigerous blades long, with fine serrations. Pygidium present with very short anal cirri.</p><p>Remarks. This specimen is juvenile, and therefore the identification is tentative. The adult species consist of 20–22 chaetigers (Paxton 1983). Accessory parapodial cirri are absent in females (Hartmann-Schröder 1979).</p><p>Distribution. Australia: Western Australia, Queensland, New South Wales; Egypt: Port Said (Table 2).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal, 2-18 m, rocky shores, sand (Table 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87E56672FFE40FC30BC7FCB8FC50	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto (2023): Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from intertidal macroalgae in Western Australia. Zootaxa 5239 (2): 151-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1
038C87E56672FFEB0FC30F64FD58FF66.text	038C87E56672FFEB0FC30F64FD58FF66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Micronereis halei Hartman 1954	<div><p>Micronereis halei Hartman, 1954</p><p>Fig. 3B–E</p><p>Micronereis halei Hartman, 1954: 25–26, figs 18–21; Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1982: 104, fig. 4a; Paxton 1983: 13–14, figs 31–33; Hartmann-Schröder 1983: 140; Hartmann-Schröder 1984: 30; Hartmann-Schröder 1986: 50.</p><p>Type locality. Sellicks Beach, South Australia .</p><p>Material examined. Western Australia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.02868&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.257175" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.02868/lat -34.257175)">Cosy Corner Beach</a>, 34°15′25.83″S 115°1′43.23″E, 14 December 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11624) .</p><p>Description. A complete specimen with 24 chaetigers, body 4.5 mm long and 0.5 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol.</p><p>Prostomium as long as wide. Eyes black, two pairs, equal size, in trapezoidal arrangement. Palps minute, simple, directed ventrally. Antennae absent. Tentacular cirri four pairs, smooth, longest one extends to chaetiger 3 (Fig. 3B).</p><p>Apodous segment reduced. First chaetiger uniramous. Notopodia and neuropodia widely separated, comprising a single lobe each, subtriangular distally. Dorsal and ventral cirri cirriform, attached subdistally and basally, respectively, on parapodia, both similar length throughout chaetigers. Accessory parapodial cirri absent (Fig. 3C).</p><p>Notochaetae and neurochaetae present with homogomph spinigers, shafts without septa. Spinigerous blades long, smooth, with fine tips (Fig. 3D) and some with sub-spherical caps (Fig. 3E). Pygidium present with short anal cirri, conical, as long as last chaetiger.</p><p>Remarks. This specimen is juvenile. The adult species have 27 chaetigers (Paxton 1983). Micronereis halei has accessory parapodial cirri on the ventral side of the notopodia and the dorsal side of the neuropodia (Hartman 1954), but we and Hartmann-Schröder (1983; 1986) cannot find those cirri perhaps due to them being juvenile specimens (Paxton 1983) or females (Hartmann-Schröder 1983). In our specimen and materials examined by Hartman (1954), spinigers are smooth, instead of serrated (Hartmann-Schröder 1983). Chaetae may also consist of homogomph falcigers (Paxton 1983), but we agree that those are modified homogomph spinigers with sub-spherical caps (Fig. 3E) as also observed by Hutchings &amp; Turvey (1982).</p><p>Distribution. Temperate Australia: South-West Australia, South Australia, Victoria (Table 2).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal, rocky shores (Table 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87E56672FFEB0FC30F64FD58FF66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto (2023): Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from intertidal macroalgae in Western Australia. Zootaxa 5239 (2): 151-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1
038C87E5667DFFE90FC30D1CFC58FD36.text	038C87E5667DFFE90FC30D1CFC58FD36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neanthes cricognatha (Ehlers 1904) Indo-West	<div><p>Neanthes cricognatha (Ehlers, 1904)</p><p>Figs 4A–F, 19A–B</p><p>Nereis cricognatha Ehlers, 1904: 29–30, pl. IV, figs 3–7; Augener 1913: 163–164.</p><p>Nereis (Neanthes) cricognatha .— Kott 1951: 106.</p><p>Neanthes cricognatha .— Knox 1951: 217–218, pl. XLV, figs 6–8; Hutchings &amp; Rainer 1979: 754; Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1982: 110–111; Wilson 1984: 213–214; Glasby 2015: 218–219.</p><p>Type locality. New Zealand .</p><p>Material examined. Western Australia: Dynamite Bay, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.96248&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.071007" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.96248/lat -30.071007)">Green Head</a>, 30°4′15.62″S 114°57′44.93″E, 28 December 2020, 2 (WAM V11625) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.6852&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.266426" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.6852/lat -32.266426)">Cape Peron</a>, 32°15′59.14″S 115°41′6.74″E, 12 January 2021, 2 specimens (WAM V11626) .</p><p>Comparative material. Neanthes cricognatha, det. C. Glasby, Bandy Creek Jetty, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.916664/lat -33.85)">Esperance</a>, Western Australia, 33°51′S 121°55′E, 1 (NTM W18357), coll. Mulligan, 17 March 2002 .</p><p>Description. Incomplete specimens with 20–28 chaetigers, posterior end missing, remaining body 3.4–5.7 mm long and 0.6–1.0 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol.</p><p>Prostomium as long as wide. Eyes black, two pairs, equal sizes, in trapezoidal arrangement. Palps one pair, palpophores globose, palpostyles conical. Antennae one pair, shorter than palps. Tentacular cirri four pairs with basal articulation, longest one extending to chaetiger 6–7 (Fig. 4A). Pharyngeal jaws reddish black, curved at tips, with eight teeth on each jaw. Paragnaths reddish to black, conical, present on both maxillary and oral rings, arranged as follows: Area I= 5–6, Area II= 32–33 in a triangle, Area III= 30 in an ellipse, Area IV= 33–36 in a triangle, Areas V–VIII= a continuous band of paragnaths about 2–5 deep dorsally, 4–5 deep ventrally (Fig. 4B–C).</p><p>Apodous segment as long as first chaetiger. All chaetigers biramous. Notopodia present with triangular dorsal ligules, digitiform intermediate and inferior ligules. Dorsal cirri cirriform, attached on lower-middle of dorsal parapodia, as long as dorsal ligules, similar length throughout chaetigers. Neuropodia with digitiform ventral ligules, acicular ligules, and subconical postchaetal lobes extending well beyond acicular ligule tips. Ventral cirri cirriform, attached basally on ventral parapodia, shorter than ventral ligules, similar length throughout chaetigers (Fig. 4D).</p><p>Notochaetae present with homogomph spinigers (Fig. 4E). Neurochaetae present with homogomph spinigers and heterogomph falcigers (Fig. 4F) in both dorsal and ventral fascicles. Spinigerous blades long, with fine serrations. Falcigerous blades long, with fine serrations, and a small, hooked tooth. Acicula translucent.</p><p>Remarks. Pettibone (1963) and Imajima (1972) synonymized N. cricognatha with N. caudata (delle Chiaje, 1828) and N. arenaceodentata (Moore, 1903); the two latter species were assigned to N. acuminata (Ehlers, 1868) by Day (1973). However, we are following the more recent studies that have used the name N. cricognatha for Australian specimens (Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1982; Wilson 1984; Glasby 2015). The dorsal cirri of our specimens are longer and attached more basally than that of materials identified as Nereis (Neanthes) arenaceodonta from Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Jersey, and Maryland, USA (Pettibone 1963). In addition, the falcigers of our specimens have a hooked distal tooth (Fig. 4F), while those of N. caudata from Japan have a blunt tip (Imajima 1972). A recent molecular study has found that N. caudata, N. arenaceodentata, and N. acuminata show multiple evolutionary significant units although they are identical in terms of paragnath distribution and parapodial characteristics (Reish et al. 2014). In our study specimens, Area I has fewer paragnaths than that reported by Augener (1913), Hutchings &amp; Rainer (1979), Hutchings &amp; Turvey (1982), and Wilson (1984) and seen in the comparative material from Esperance, Western Australia, which has 12 paragnaths (Fig. 19A); the comparative specimen also has many more paragnaths in Areas VII–VIII (Fig. 19B). In addition, all chaetigers are biramous, instead of uniramous for first two chaetigers (Ehlers 1904). Possibly, it represents an undescribed species, but more specimens are required to establish the extent of size-dependent variation in paragnath number.</p><p>Distribution. Indo-West Pacific: India, Philippine, Australia, New Zealand (Table 2).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal, subtidal, soft bottoms, rocky shores (Table 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87E5667DFFE90FC30D1CFC58FD36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto (2023): Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from intertidal macroalgae in Western Australia. Zootaxa 5239 (2): 151-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1
038C87E5667FFFE80FC30986FCF1F885.text	038C87E5667FFFE80FC30986FCF1F885.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neanthes unifasciata (Willey 1905)	<div><p>Neanthes unifasciata (Willey, 1905)</p><p>Figs 5A–H, 19C–D</p><p>Nereis unifasciata Willey, 1905: 271–272, pl. 4, figs 85–88; Ehlers 1918: 237–238; Fauvel 1932: 93; Fauvel 1953: 182–183, fig. 92.a–h.</p><p>Nereis (Neanthes) unifasciata .— Day 1967: 318, fig. 14.7.u–y.</p><p>Neanthes unifasciata .— Mohammad 1973: 29; Pamungkas &amp; Glasby 2015: 9–11, fig. 4A–B.</p><p>Type locality. Gulf of Mannar, Sri Lanka .</p><p>Material examined. Western Australia: Cowrie Creek, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.769424&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.53995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.769424/lat -18.53995)">Bidyadanga</a>, 18°32′23.82″S 121°46′09.91″E, 4 November 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11627) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.78292&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.96299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.78292/lat -19.96299)">Cape Keraudren</a>, 19°57′46.76″S 119°46′58.51″E, 5 November 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11628) . Cemetery Beach, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.61122&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.305954" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.61122/lat -20.305954)">Port Hedland</a>, 20°18′21.44″S 118°36′40.39″E, 2 November 2020, 2 specimens (WAM V11629) .</p><p>Comparative material. Neanthes unifasciata, det. C. Glasby, Field Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=132.40929&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.057183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 132.40929/lat -12.057183)">Kakadu National Park</a>, Northern Territory, 12°3.431′S 132°24.557′E, 1 (NTM W19021), coll. C.J. Glasby &amp; S.K. Horner, 19 August 2004 .</p><p>Description. A complete specimen with 78 chaetigers, body 20.1 mm long and 0.7 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol. Incomplete specimens with 28–61 chaetigers, posterior end missing, remaining body 7.2–15.3 mm long and 0.8–1.4 mm wide; light green or cream yellow in alcohol. Dark green or brown bands present on posterior half of chaetiger 2, gradually disappearing towards chaetiger 11–12.</p><p>Prostomium longer than wide. Eyes black, two pairs, equal sizes, in trapezoidal arrangement. Palps one pair, palpophores globose, palpostyles conical. Antennae one pair, shorter than palps. Tentacular cirri four pairs with basal articulation, longest one extending to chaetiger 6 (Fig. 5A). Pharyngeal jaws reddish brown, curved at tips, with 11 teeth on each jaw. Paragnaths reddish black, conical, present on both maxillary and oral rings, arranged as follows: Area I= 0–1, Area II= 10–16 in two curved rows, Area III= 8 in two rows, Area IV= 20–22 in curved rows, Area V= 0, Area VI= 6–8, small, in two rows, Areas VII–VIII= 9–10 in one row (Fig. 5B).</p><p>Apodous segment as long as first chaetiger. First chaetiger uniramous. Notopodia present with digitiform dorsal and ventral ligules throughout chaetigers. Dorsal cirri cirriform, attached on middle of dorsal parapodia, about twice longer than dorsal ligules, similar length throughout chaetigers. Neuropodia with digitiform ventral ligules, acicular ligules, and conical postchaetal lobes extending well beyond acicular ligule tips. Ventral cirri cirriform, attached basally on ventral parapodia, shorter than ventral ligules, similar length throughout all chaetigers (Fig. 5C).</p><p>Notochaetae present with homogomph spinigers. Neurochaetae present with heterogomph falcigers and homogomph spinigers (Fig. 5D) in dorsal fascicles and heterogomph falcigers (Fig. 5E, 5G) and spinigers (Fig. 5F) in ventral fascicles. Spinigerous blades short, with fine serrations. Falcigerous blades medium size, slightly curved, with a small hook at tip and subdistal tendon (only visible in Fig. 5G). Acicula translucent. Pygidium with anus on dorsal side, anal cirri cirriform, as long as last three chaetigers.</p><p>Remarks. In our specimens, Area III has fewer paragnaths than that of epitokous specimens from Indonesia (22–25 cones) (Pamungkas &amp; Glasby 2015) and those paragnaths are arranged in two rows, instead of three in specimens from southern India (Fauvel 1932, 1953). Paragnaths on Areas VII–VIII can also be arranged in two rows in specimens from Kuwait (Mohammad 1973). In the original description, neurochaetae in the ventral fascicles consist of heterogomph falcigers and hemigomph (incomplete heterogomph) spinigers (Willey 1905) but those spinigers were described as heterogomph by Ehlers (1918). Other studies did not describe the composition of neurochaetae (Fauvel 1932, 1953; Day 1967; Mohammad 1973; Pamungkas &amp; Glasby 2015).</p><p>The comparative material from Northern Territory matched closely the Western Australian material, except that the antennae extended beyond the palps in the Northern Territory material (Fig. 19C–D). The chaetae of the comparative material, imaged under a 60 x plan apochromatic objective lens, revealed fine serrations on the heterogomph falcigers (Fig. 5H), which are difficult to see under lower magnifications.</p><p>Distribution. Tropical Indo-West Pacific; in Australia confirmed that the species occurs from Cape Keraudren, Western Australia to Kakadu, Northern Territory (Table 2).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal, subtidal, rocky shores (Table 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87E5667FFFE80FC30986FCF1F885	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto (2023): Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from intertidal macroalgae in Western Australia. Zootaxa 5239 (2): 151-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1
038C87E56679FFEE0FC30BC7FC4CFB76.text	038C87E56679FFEE0FC30BC7FC4CFB76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nereis bifida Hutchings & Turvey 1982	<div><p>Nereis bifida Hutchings &amp; Turvey, 1982</p><p>Fig. 6A–G</p><p>Nereis bifida Hutchings &amp; Turvey, 1982: 116–119, fig. 9.a–c; Wilson 1985: 130–132, fig. 2.</p><p>Nereis (Nereis) bifida .— Hartmann-Schröder 1984: 27; Hartmann-Schröder 1990: 60.</p><p>Type locality. Speeds Point, near Streaky Bay, South Australia .</p><p>Material examined. Western Australia: False Cape Bosut, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.72858&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.57178" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.72858/lat -18.57178)">Bidyadanga</a>, 18°34′18.40″S 121°43′42.87″E, 3 November 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11630) . Yardie Creek, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.809364&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.32664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.809364/lat -22.32664)">Ningaloo</a>, 22°19′35.90″S 113°48′33.70″E, 24 September 2020, 3 specimens (WAM V11631) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.49409&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.87567" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.49409/lat -23.87567)">Three Mile</a>, 23°52′32.41″S 113°29′38.72″E, 23 September 2020, 2 specimens (WAM V11632) .</p><p>Description. Complete specimens with 45–52 chaetigers, body 6.5–10.5 mm long and 0.4–0.8 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol. Incomplete specimens with 31–47 chaetigers, posterior end missing, remaining body 6.0– 12.7 mm long and 0.5–0.7 mm wide; cream yellow to reddish brown in alcohol.</p><p>Prostomium as long as wide. Eyes black, two pairs, outer ones slightly larger, in trapezoidal arrangement. Palps one pair, palpophores globose, palpostyles conical. Antennae one pair, extending to level of palps. Tentacular cirri four pairs with basal articulation, longest one extending to chaetiger 2–3. Pharyngeal jaws yellow translucent, curved at tips, with eight teeth on each jaw. Paragnaths reddish to black, conical, present on both maxillary and oral rings, arranged as follows: Area I= 0, Area II= 1, Area III= 0, Area IV= 2–4 in one row, Area V= 0, Area VI= 0, Areas VII–VIII= 2–5 small, widely spaced, in one row (Fig. 6A–B).</p><p>Apodous segment as long as first chaetiger. First two chaetigers uniramous. Notopodia present with digitiform dorsal and ventral ligules, dorsal ligules reduced but still visible in posterior chaetigers. Dorsal cirri cirriform, attached on middle of dorsal parapodia, about 1.5 times longer than ventral ligules, similar length throughout chaetigers. Neuropodia with digitiform ventral ligules, acicular ligules, and triangular postchaetal lobes extending to same level of acicular ligule tips. Ventral cirri cirriform, attached basally on ventral parapodia, slightly shorter than ventral ligules, similar length throughout chaetigers (Fig. 6C).</p><p>Notochaetae present with homogomph spinigers in anterior chaetigers, homogomph falcigers (Fig. 6D) from chaetiger 19–27 for large specimens or chaetiger 11–16 for small specimens. Notopodial falcigerous blades long, slightly curved at tip, with terminal and one large lateral tooth, few smaller teeth basally in posterior chaetigers. Neurochaetae present with homogomph spinigers (Fig. 6E) and heterogomph falcigers in dorsal fascicles, heterogomph spinigers (Fig. 6F) and falcigers (Fig. 6G) in ventral fascicles. All spinigerous blades long, with fine serrations. Neuropodial falcigerous blades long, slightly curved, with fine serrations. Acicula black. Pygidium with anus on dorsal side, anal cirri cirriform, as long as last one to three chaetigers.</p><p>Remarks. Our specimens agree well with the original description of N. bifida (Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1982) . Wilson (1985) found that the longest tentacular cirri of N. bifida extended to chaetiger 2–7, longer than those of our specimens and the original description. Hartmann-Schröder (1990) found 10–11 teeth on each jaw, more teeth than our specimens and material examined by previous studies (Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1982; Wilson 1985). In small animals, dorsal notopodial ligules are absent in posterior chaetigers (Hartmann-Schröder 1984).</p><p>Distribution. Temperate Australia: Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, New South Wales (Table 2).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal, subtidal, rocky shores, seagrass beds (Table 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87E56679FFEE0FC30BC7FC4CFB76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto (2023): Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from intertidal macroalgae in Western Australia. Zootaxa 5239 (2): 151-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1
038C87E56678FFEC0FC30E47FCF1FCEE.text	038C87E56678FFEC0FC30E47FCF1FCEE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nereis cockburnensis Augener 1913	<div><p>Nereis cockburnensis Augener, 1913</p><p>Figs 7A–H, 19E–F</p><p>Nereis cockburnensis Augener, 1913: 153–156, fig. 15.a–c, pl. 3 fig. 47; Hartman 1954: 33, figs 30–32; Knox &amp; Cameron 1971: 28; Day 1975: 191; Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1982: 121–124, fig. 4D; Wilson (1985): 132 –133.</p><p>Nereis (Nereis) cockburnensis .— Hartmann-Schröder 1983: 138; Hartmann-Schröder 1984: 27; Hartmann-Schröder 1986: 49; Hartmann-Schröder 1989: 37; Hartmann-Schröder 1990: 61.</p><p>Type locality. Shark Bay and Cockburn Sound, Western Australia .</p><p>Material examined. Western Australia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.15317&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.721415" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.15317/lat -27.721415)">Kalbarri</a>, 27°43′17.09″S 114°9′11.39″E, 15 November 2020, 5 specimens (WAM V11633) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.15317&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.721415" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.15317/lat -27.721415)">Kalbarri</a>, 27°43′17.09″S 114° 9′11.39″E, 15 November 2020, female epitoke, 1 specimen (WAM V11634) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.43027&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.38981" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.43027/lat -28.38981)">Horrock</a>, 28°23′23.32″S 114°25′48.98″E, 18 November 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11635) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.60601&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.683699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.60601/lat -28.683699)">Glenfield Beach</a>, 28°41′01.32″S 114°36′21.65″E, 17 November 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11636) . Dynamite Bay, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.96248&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.071007" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.96248/lat -30.071007)">Green Head</a>, 30° 4′15.62″S 114°57′44.93″E, 28 December 2020, 2 specimens (WAM V11637) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.62357&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.550655" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.62357/lat -31.550655)">Yanchep Beach</a>, 31°33′02.36″S 115°37′24.86″E, 14 January 2021, 1 specimen (WAM V11638) . Avalon Point, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.63338&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.594513" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.63338/lat -32.594513)">Mandurah</a>, 32°35′40.25″S 115°38′00.16″E, 13 January 2021, 1 specimen (WAM V11639) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.987854&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.90711" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.987854/lat -33.90711)">Ellensbrook Beach</a>, 33°54′25.59″S 114°59′16.29″E, 18 December 2020, 3 specimens (WAM V11640) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.97968&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.962513" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.97968/lat -33.962513)">Cape Mentelle</a>, 33°57′45.04″S 114°58′46.85″E, 17 December 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11641) .</p><p>Comparative material. Nereis cockburnensis det. C. Glasby, Tanker Jetty, Esperance, Western Australia, 33°51′S 121°55′E, coll. Mulligan, Esperance <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.916664/lat -33.85)">Port Survey</a>, March 2002, 1 (NTM W18361) .</p><p>Description. Complete specimens with 38–65 chaetigers, body 21.4–32.6 mm long and 1.5–2.2 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol. An incomplete specimen 34 chaetigers, posterior end missing, remaining body 11.2 mm long and 1.3 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol.</p><p>Prostomium longer than wide. Eyes black, two pairs, equal sizes, in trapezoidal arrangement. Palps one pair, palpophores globose, palpostyles conical. Antennae one pair, as long as palps. Tentacular cirri four pairs with basal articulation, longest one extending to chaetiger 3–5. Pharyngeal jaws black, curved at tips, with seven teeth on each jaw. Paragnaths, reddish black, conical, present on maxillary and oral rings, arranged as follows: Area I= 1, Area II= 8–9 in two rows, Area III= 1–6, Area IV= 14–23, Area V= 3–17 in an irregular cluster and most cones extending onto Area VI, Area VI= 4–5 in two rows, Areas VII–VIII= numerous cones in 2–6 irregular rows, cones smaller toward posterior rows (as viewed on everted pharynx), most antero-ventral row present with alternating large and small cones, posterior rows present with small cones only (Fig. 7A–B).</p><p>Apodous segment longer than first chaetiger. First two chaetigers uniramous. Notopodia present with digitiform dorsal and conical ventral ligules in anterior chaetigers, ventral ligules become digitiform in posterior chaetigers. Dorsal cirri cirriform, attached on middle of dorsal parapodia, three times longer than dorsal ligules, similar length throughout chaetigers. Neuropodia with conical ventral ligules, acicular ligules, and conical postchaetal lobes extending to same level of acicular ligule tips; ventral ligules become digitiform in posterior chaetigers. Ventral cirri cirriform, attached basally on ventral parapodia, slightly longer than ventral ligules (Fig. 7C).</p><p>Notochaetae present with homogomph spinigers (Fig. 7D) and falcigers (Fig. 7E) from chaetiger 3, homogomph falcigers (Fig. 7F) in posterior chaetigers. First notopodial falcigerous blades (at chaetiger 3) long, with serrated lateral teeth, remaining notopodial falcigerous blades short, with long terminal tooth and three smaller lateral teeth distally. Neurochaetae present with homogomph spinigers and heterogomph falcigers in dorsal fascicles, heterogomph spinigers (Fig. 7G) and falcigers (Fig. 7H) in ventral fascicles. All spinigerous blades long, with fine serrations. Neuropodial falcigerous blades short, with fine serrations. Acicula black. Pygidium with anus on dorsal side, with cirriform anal cirri, as long as last four chaetigers.</p><p>An incomplete, female epitokous specimen with 62 chaetigers, posterior end missing, remaining body 32.5 mm long and 2.5 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol. Specimen present with black, enlarged, overlapping paired eyes. Body divided into 16 pre-natatory chaetigers, 39 natatory chaetigers, and 7 post-natatory chaetigers. Neuropodial postchaetal lobes modified into large, flat lamella in natatory chaetigers. Dorsal and ventral cirri unmodified but developing small basal lamella in natatory chaetigers. Paddle-shaped notochaetae in natatory chaetigers.</p><p>Remarks. Juveniles have been observed to have a single, bifurcated antenna, instead of one pair, as their bases are fused together (Hartmann-Schröder 1986); this condition has been observed in several other nereidid species in the Australian region by CJG and is thought to represent an abnormality. Area V in our specimens and materials examined by Hutchings &amp; Turvey (1982) have the same number of paragnaths but have more paragnaths than that of specimens examined by Augener (1913) (6 cones), Hartman (1954) (1–8 cones), Day (1975) (1–8 cones), and Wilson (1985) (1–3 cones). Those paragnaths are arranged in an irregular cluster, instead of two rows (Augener 1913). Nereis thompsoni Kott, 1951 was synonymised with N. cockburnensis by Hutchings &amp; Turvey (1982). Our specimens agree well with the original description of N. thompsoni, except that Area V of this species has fewer paragnaths (3 large cones) (Kott 1951; Hartman 1954).</p><p>The comparative specimen was collected within the same general area of the survey material. It matches closely the survey specimens and the type description.A characteristic feature of this species is the combination of large and small cones in Areas VII–VIII; the colour images also revealed pseudo-articulation of the antennae and tentacular cirri, which is unusual among nereidids and may be another characteristic feature of the species (Fig. 19E–F).</p><p>Distribution. Temperate Australia: Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales (Table 2).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal, subtidal, rocky shores (Table 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87E56678FFEC0FC30E47FCF1FCEE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto (2023): Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from intertidal macroalgae in Western Australia. Zootaxa 5239 (2): 151-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1
038C87E5667AFFF20FC308FFFB38FDD2.text	038C87E5667AFFF20FC308FFFB38FDD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nereis denhamensis Augener 1913	<div><p>Nereis denhamensis Augener, 1913</p><p>Figs 8A–G, 19G–H</p><p>Nereis denhamensis Augener, 1913: 156–159, fig. 16.a–b, pl. 3, fig. 51u; Fauvel 1917: 204–206, pl. 6, figs 45–46; Kott 1951: 99–101, figs 3.s–y, 4.l–q; Hartman 1954: 30–31; Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1982: 124–125, fig. 11.a–k; Wilson 1985: 133–134; Glasby et al. 2013: 253–255, fig. 5A–B.</p><p>Nereis (Nereis) denhamensis .— Hartmann-Schröder 1980: 58, figs 47–55; Hartmann-Schröder 1984: 27.</p><p>Type locality. Shark Bay, Western Australia .</p><p>Material examined. Western Australia: Cape Bosut, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.626144&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.701387" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.626144/lat -18.701387)">Bidyadanga</a>, 18°42′04.99″S 121°37′34.11″E, 3 November 2020, 2 specimens (WAM V11642) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.78804&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.96425" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.78804/lat -19.96425)">Cape Keraudren</a>, 19°57′51.30″S 119°47′16.94″E, 5 November 2020, male epitoke, 1 specimen (WAM V11643) . North West Cape, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.17299&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.793102" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.17299/lat -21.793102)">Ningaloo</a>, 21°47′35.17″S 114°10′22.77″E, 27 September 2020, 3 specimens (WAM V11644) . Lighthouse Bay, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.13017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.805515" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.13017/lat -21.805515)">Ningaloo</a>, 21°48′19.86″S 114°07′48.61″E, 26 September 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11645) . Jurabi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.0359&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.84557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.0359/lat -21.84557)">Ningaloo</a>, 21°50′44.05″S 114°02′09.22″E, 25 September 2020, 6 specimens (WAM V11646) . Yardie Creek, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.809364&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.32664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.809364/lat -22.32664)">Ningaloo</a>, 22°19′35.90″S 113°48′33.70″E, 24 September 2020, 5 specimens (WAM V11647) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.82766&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.04241" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.82766/lat -23.04241)">Bateman Bay</a>, 23°02′32.68″S 113°49′39.59″E, 20 September 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11648) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.5359&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.77273" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.5359/lat -23.77273)">Gnaraloo</a>, 23°46′21.83″S 113°32′09.24″E, 22 September 2020, 3 specimens (WAM V11649) . Shag Rock Beach, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.10305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.594444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.10305/lat -30.594444)">Nambung</a>, 30°35′40.00″S 115°06′11.00″E, 31 December 2020, 4 specimens (WAM V11650) .</p><p>Comparative material. Nereis denhamensis, det. C. Glasby, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.81667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.416667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.81667/lat -12.416667)">East Point</a>, Northern Territory, 12°25′S 130°49′E, coll. C. Glasby, 28 October 2003, 2 (NTM W19015) .</p><p>Description. Complete specimens with 57–62 chaetigers, body 16.1–25.4 mm long and 1.0– 1.8 mm wide; cream yellow to reddish brown in alcohol. Incomplete specimens with 31–55 chaetigers, posterior end missing, remaining body 10.4–32.5 mm long and 0.9–2.0 mm wide; cream yellow to reddish brown in alcohol.</p><p>Prostomium longer than wide. Eyes black, two pairs, equal sizes, in trapezoidal arrangement. Palps one pair, palpophores globose, palpostyles conical. Antennae one pair, shorter than palps. Tentacular cirri four pairs with basal articulation, longest one extending to chaetiger 1–3 (Fig. 8A). Pharyngeal jaws translucent reddish black, curved at tips, with eight teeth on each jaw. Paragnaths translucent reddish black, conical, present on maxillary and oral rings, arranged as follows: Area I= 1–3, Area II= 14–16 in two rows, Area III= 13–18 in 3–4 irregular rows, Area IV= 19–21 in four curved rows, Area V= 0, Area VI= 5–11 very small paragnaths in two rows, Areas VII–VIII= 10–13 in one row (Fig. 8B).</p><p>Apodous segment about twice longer than first chaetiger. First two chaetigers uniramous. Notopodia present with digitiform dorsal and ventral ligules in anterior chaetigers, basal dorsal ligules enlarged in posterior chaetigers. Dorsal cirri cirriform, attached on middle of dorsal parapodia, about three times longer than dorsal ligules. Neuropodia with subconical ventral ligules, acicular ligules, and rounded postchaetal lobes extending slightly below acicular ligule tips; ventral ligules become digitiform in posterior chaetigers. Ventral cirri cirriform, attached basally on ventral parapodia, slightly shorter than ventral ligules (Fig. 8C).</p><p>Notochaetae present with homogomph spinigers in anterior chaetigers, homogomph falcigers (Fig. 8D) from chaetiger 15–21. Notopodial falcigerous blades short, with terminal and one lateral tooth, and two smaller teeth basally. Neurochaetae present with homogomph spinigers (Fig. 8E) and heterogomph falcigers in dorsal fascicles, heterogomph spinigers (Fig. 9F) and falcigers (Fig. 8G) in ventral fascicles. All spinigerous blades long, with fine serrations. Neuropodial falcigerous blades short, with fine serrations. Acicula black. Pygidium with anus on dorsal side, anal cirri cirriform, as long as last three to five chaetigers.</p><p>A complete, male epitokous specimen with 56 chaetigers, body 21.1 mm long and 1.0 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol. Specimen present black, enlarged, overlapping paired eyes, in rectangular arrangement. Body divided into 16 pre-natatory chaetigers, 23 natatory chaetigers, and 17 post-natatory chaetigers. Neuropodial postchaetal lobes modified into large, flat lamella in natatory chaetigers. In natatory chaetigers, dorsal cirri crenulated basally along outer margin of about two-third part and developing a small basal lamella. Ventral cirri unmodified but developing a small basal lamella in natatory chaetigers. Paddle-shaped notochaetae present in natatory chaetigers.</p><p>Remarks. Nereis denhamensis has been synonymised with N. jacksoni Kinberg, 1865 by Augener (1922b), Fauvel (1932, 1953), and Hartmann-Schröder (1979, 1980, 1984), but others have kept them as distinct species due to differences in parapodia and notopodial homogomph falcigers (Kott 1951; Hartman 1954; Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1982; Wilson 1985). Paragnaths on Areas I and III can be fewer (0–1 cone) but it is rare (Hartmann-Schröder 1980; Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1982; Hartmann-Schröder 1984) and only occur in small specimens (Wilson 1985). In specimens from Victoria, paragnaths on Areas VII–VIII can be arranged in 1–2 rows (Wilson 1985). Anal cirri can extend to last 5–10 chaetigers (Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1982), longer than those of our specimens. Pre-natatory chaetigers of our male epitoke are same as those of a male epitoke examined by Glasby et al. (2013) but two more chaetigers than those of male epitokes examined by Kott (1951) and Hartman (1954).</p><p>A comparative specimen from Northern Territory agreed in all aspects with the description above except in Areas VII–VIII, where there were 15 paragnaths in one row (Fig. 19G–H).</p><p>Distribution. Australia: Northern Territory, Western Australia, and South Australia (Table 2).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal, subtidal, rocky shores, inshore reefs, artificial hard substrates (Table 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87E5667AFFF20FC308FFFB38FDD2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto (2023): Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from intertidal macroalgae in Western Australia. Zootaxa 5239 (2): 151-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1
038C87E56664FFF00FC309E3FD58FC32.text	038C87E56664FFF00FC309E3FD58FC32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nereis edentata Hadiyanto 2023	<div><p>Nereis edentata n. sp.</p><p>Fig. 9A–I</p><p>Material examined. Holotype. Western Australia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.91269&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.275997" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.91269/lat -29.275997)">Port Denison</a>, 29°16′33.59″S 114°54′45.68″E, 29 December 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11651) . Paratypes: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.15317&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.721415" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.15317/lat -27.721415)">Kalbarri</a>, 27°43′17.09″S 114°09′11.39″E, 15 November 2020, 2 specimens (WAM V11652) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.43027&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.38981" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.43027/lat -28.38981)">Horrock</a>, 28°23′23.32″S 114°25′48.98″E, 18 November 2020, 2 specimens (WAM V11653) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.60601&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.683699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.60601/lat -28.683699)">Glenfield Beach</a>, 28°41′01.32″S 114°36′21.65″E, 17 November 2020, 2 specimens (WAM V11654) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.96248&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.071007" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.96248/lat -30.071007)">Dynamite Bay</a>, Green Head, 30°04′15.62″S 114°57′44.93″E, 28 December 2020, 2 specimens (WAM V11655) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.62357&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.550655" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.62357/lat -31.550655)">Yanchep Beach</a>, 31°33′02.36″S 115°37′24.86″E, 14 January 2021, 3 specimens (WAM V11656) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.72162&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.739882" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.72162/lat -31.739882)">Beaumaris Beach</a>, 31°44′23.57″S 115°43′17.82″E, 18 January 2021, 1 specimen (WAM V11657) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.6852&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.266426" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.6852/lat -32.266426)">Cape Peron</a>, 32°15′59.14″S 115°41′06.74″E, 12 January 2021, 1 specimen (WAM V11658) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.96985&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.074318" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.96985/lat -30.074318)">Hunters Beach</a>, Green Head, 30° 4′27.54″S 114°58′11.46″E, 29 July 2016, 1 specimen (WAM V11659) .</p><p>Description. Holotype a complete specimen with 54 chaetigers, body 19.1 mm long and 1.3 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol.</p><p>Prostomium wider than long. Eyes black, two pairs, equal sizes, in trapezoidal arrangement. Palps one pair, palpophores globose, palpostyles conical. Antennae one pair, extending to level of palps. Tentacular cirri four pairs with basal articulation, longest one extending to chaetiger 5. Pharyngeal jaws translucent reddish black, curved at tips, with nine teeth on each jaw. Paragnaths reddish black, conical, present on maxillary and oral rings, arranged as follows: Area I= small, 1; Area II= small, 7 on left and 8 on right, in a triangle in each side; Area III= small, 2 in one straight transverse row; Area IV= small, 10 on left and 11 on right, in a curved cluster in each side; Area V= 0; Area VI= small, 6 on left in 2 rows and 5 on right in a circle; Areas VII–VIII= 12 in one row (8 large paragnaths widely spaced and 4 small paragnaths in ventromedial row) (Fig. 9A–B).</p><p>Apodous segment slightly longer than first chaetiger. First two chaetigers uniramous. Notopodia present with digitiform dorsal and ventral ligules (Fig. 9C–E), basal dorsal ligules enlarged in middle (Fig. 9D) and posterior chaetigers (Fig. 9E). Dorsal cirri cirriform, attached on middle of dorsal parapodia, twice longer than dorsal ligules, similar length throughout chaetigers. Neuropodia with digitiform ventral ligules, acicular ligules, and triangular postchaetal lobes extending below acicular ligule tips (Fig. 9C–E). Ventral cirri cirriform, attached basally on ventral parapodia, slightly shorter than ventral ligules in all chaetigers.</p><p>Notochaetae present with homogomph spinigers in anterior chaetigers, homogomph falcigers (Fig. 9F) from chaetiger 20, two falcigers in each notopodium. Notopodial falcigerous blades short, smooth, slightly curved at tips. Neurochaetae present with heterogomph falcigers (Fig. 9G) and homogomph spinigers (Fig. 9H) in dorsal fascicles, heterogomph spinigers (Fig. 9I) and falcigers in ventral fascicles. Neuropodial falcigerous blades medium size, with fine serrations. All spinigerous blades long, with fine serrations. Acicula black. Pygidium with anus on dorsal side, anal cirri cirriform, as long as last four chaetigers.</p><p>Variations in paratypes. Complete specimens with 39–69 chaetigers, body 6.2–37.3 mm long and 0.4–1.5 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol. Incomplete specimens with 29–44 chaetigers, posterior end missing, remaining body 5.7–32.9 mm long and 0.7–1.5 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol.</p><p>Longest tentacular cirri extend to chaetiger 2–5. Paragnaths small but larger in Areas VII–VIII, arranged as follows: Area I= 0–1, Area II= 3–8 in a triangle, Area III= 0–5 in one straight transverse row, Area IV= 5–12 in a curved cluster, Area V= 0, Area VI= 2–7 in an oval, Areas VII–VIII= 6–10 in one row, including 1–3 smaller paragnaths in ventromedial row in some specimens. Notopodial homogomph falcigers present from chaetiger 18– 24, two falcigers (occasionally 3) in each notopodium or 1–2 falcigers in small specimens (&lt;15 mm long). Anal cirri as long as last three to four chaetigers.</p><p>Remarks. Nereis edentata n. sp. most closely resembles Nereis species having one row of paragnaths on Areas VII–VIII and smooth notopodial homogomph falcigers including: Nereis coutieri Gravier, 1899, Nereis eugeniae (Kinberg, 1865) and Nereis posidoniae Hutchings &amp; Rainer, 1979 .</p><p>Nereis edentata n. sp. and N. coutieri have enlarged dorsal notopodial ligules in posterior chaetigers, but they differ in the ornamentation of the dorsal chaetiger 2 and the arrangement of paragnaths on Areas III and VII–VIII. Nereis coutieri has a brown band dorsally on chaetiger 2 (Gravier 1899a; Gravier 1902; Fauvel 1911; Yousefi et al. 2011), while Nereis edentata n. sp. lacks a band. Nereis coutieri has more paragnaths on Area III (5–7) (Gravier 1899a; Gravier 1902; Yousefi et al. 2011) and those paragnaths are arranged in a curved row with a deep concavity ahead in specimens from the Red Sea (type locality) (Gravier 1899a; Gravier 1902) or an irregular group in specimens from South Africa and Mozambique (Day 1967), instead of in a straight transverse row as for Nereis edentata n. sp. Paragnaths on Areas VII–VIII are present in a similar size for N. coutieri (Gravier 1899a; Gravier 1902; Day 1967; Bonyadi-Naeini et al. 2017) but in two sizes for some specimens of Nereis edentata n. sp. In addition, N. coutieri has only one uniramous chaetiger in the first parapodium (Fauvel 1911) although this is not mentioned in the original description (Gravier 1899a) and previous studies (Gravier 1902; Day 1967; Yousefi et al. 2011), while Nereis edentata n. sp. has two uniramous chaetigers in first two parapodia. Nereis edentata n. sp. also differs from materials from Lizard Island, Queensland that were identified by Glasby (2015) as Nereis cf. coutieri . Dorsal notopodial ligules of the latter species are shorter than ventral notopodial ligules (Glasby 2015). Hartmann-Schröder (1982, 1983) found N. coutieri from south-west Australia (Yallingup and Margaret River). These specimens need to be assessed further as there was no description of the ornamentation of the dorsal chaetiger 2 and the arrangement of paragnaths on Area III.</p><p>Nereis edentata n. sp., N. eugeniae, and N. posidoniae do not have a pigmented band on the dorsal chaetiger 2, but they differ in the size of the eyes, the length of the tentacular cirri, the presence of paragnaths on Area VI, and the enlargement of dorsal notopodial ligules in posterior chaetigers. The eyes of N. eugeniae are small and occasionally absent (Hartman 1964; Day 1967; Darbyshire 2014). The tentacular cirri of N. eugeniae and N. posidoniae are shorter than those of Nereis edentata n. sp., with the longest one extending to only the apodous segment (Kinberg 1865; Hartman 1964; Day 1967; Hutchings &amp; Rainer 1979; Darbyshire 2014). Paragnaths on Area VI are absent for N. posidoniae (Hutchings &amp; Rainer 1979) but present for Nereis edentata n. sp. and N. eugeniae (3–6) (Hartman 1964; Day 1967; Darbyshire 2014). Dorsal notopodial ligules in posterior chaetigers are not expanded in N. eugeniae (Hartman 1964; Day 1967; Darbyshire 2014) and not described in N. posidoniae (Hutchings &amp; Rainer 1979) but enlarged in Nereis edentata n. sp.</p><p>Etymology. The new species is named after the Latin adjective, edentates, meaning toothless, referring to the smooth-bladed homogomph falcigers.</p><p>Distribution. South-west Australia. Distribution records indicate that the new species appears to be transitional between the tropical and temperate Australia realms (Table 2).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal, rocky shores (Table 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87E56664FFF00FC309E3FD58FC32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto (2023): Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from intertidal macroalgae in Western Australia. Zootaxa 5239 (2): 151-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1
038C87E56666FFF70FC30883FCA3F89F.text	038C87E56666FFF70FC30883FCA3F89F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nereis heirissonensis Augener 1913	<div><p>Nereis heirissonensis Augener, 1913</p><p>Fig. 10A–G</p><p>Nereis heirissonensis Augener, 1913: 159–163, fig. 17.a–c, pl. 3, fig. 52u; Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1982: 125–129, fig. 12.a–g.</p><p>Nereis (Nereis) heirissonensis .— Hartmann-Schröder 1983: 138, figs 27–31; Hartmann-Schröder 1984: 28.</p><p>Type locality. Shark Bay, Western Australia .</p><p>Material examined. Western Australia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.78804&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.96425" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.78804/lat -19.96425)">Cape Keraudren</a>, 19°57′51.30″S 119°47′16.94″E, 5 November 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11660) .</p><p>Description. A complete specimen with 66 chaetigers, body 17.9 mm long and 0.9 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol.</p><p>Prostomium as long as wide. Eyes black, two pairs, equal sizes, in rectangular arrangement. Palps one pair, palpophores globose, palpostyles conical. Antennae one pair, as long as palps. Tentacular cirri four pairs with basal articulation, longest one extending to chaetiger 2. Pharyngeal jaws yellow translucent, curved at tips. Paragnaths translucent to reddish, conical, present on both maxillary and oral rings, arranged as follows: Area I= 0, Area II= 1, Area III= 0, Area IV= 3 in one row, Area V= 0, Area VI= 0, Areas VII–VIII= 3, small, in one widely spaced row (Fig. 10A).</p><p>Apodous segment slightly longer than first chaetiger. First two chaetigers uniramous. Notopodia present with digitiform dorsal and ventral ligules, dorsal ligules completely reduced in posterior chaetigers. Dorsal cirri cirriform, attached on middle of dorsal parapodia, about three times longer than ventral ligules, similar length throughout chaetigers. Neuropodia with digitiform ventral ligules, acicular ligules, and conical postchaetal lobes extending below acicular ligule tips. Ventral cirri cirriform, attached basally on ventral parapodia, as long as ventral ligules, similar length throughout chaetigers (Fig. 10B).</p><p>Notochaetae present with homogomph spinigers in anterior chaetigers, homogomph falcigers (Fig. 10C–D) from chaetiger 18. Notopodial falcigerous blades long, slightly curved at tips, with terminal and one to two large lateral teeth. Neurochaetae present with homogomph spinigers (Fig. 10E) and heterogomph falcigers in dorsal fascicles, heterogomph spinigers (Fig. 10F) and falcigers (Fig. 10G) in ventral fascicles. All spinigerous blades short, with fine serrations. Neuropodial falcigerous blades long, slightly curved, with fine serrations. Acicula black. Pygidium with anus on dorsal side, anal cirri cirriform, as long as last four chaetigers.</p><p>Remarks. Nereis heirissonensis has been synonymized with N. jacksoni by Fauvel (1932, 1953), Hartman (1954), Fauchald (1977), and Hartmann-Schröder (1983), but Hutchings &amp; Turvey (1982) and Wilson (1985) assigned the former species as a distinct species. The redescription of N. jacksoni showed that this species has far more paragnaths on Areas VII–VIII (40–45 cones in 2–4 rows) and more teeth on the first notopodial homogomph falcigers (Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1982; Wilson 1985). Anal cirri of our specimens are shorter than those of materials examined by previous studies, extending over 7–9 chaetigers (Augener 1913; Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1982).</p><p>Distribution. Temperate Australia: Western Australia, South Australia (Table 2).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal, shallow waters, rocky shores (Table 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87E56666FFF70FC30883FCA3F89F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto (2023): Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from intertidal macroalgae in Western Australia. Zootaxa 5239 (2): 151-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1
038C87E56660FFF50FC30BC7FD50FC32.text	038C87E56660FFF50FC30BC7FD50FC32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nereis yuedensis Hadiyanto 2023	<div><p>Nereis yuedensis n. sp.</p><p>Fig. 11A–J</p><p>Nereis cf. jacksoni Hartmann-Schröder, 1982: 78 . Not Kinberg, 1865.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype. Western Australia: Dynamite Bay, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.96248&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.071007" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.96248/lat -30.071007)">Green Head</a>, 30°04′15.62″S 114°57′44.93″E, 28 December 2020, 1specimen (WAM V11661) . Paratypes: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.96248&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.071007" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.96248/lat -30.071007)">Dynamite Bay</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.96248&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.071007" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.96248/lat -30.071007)">Green Head</a>, 30°04′15.62″S 114°57′44.93″E, 28 December 2020, 9 specimens (WAM V11662). Dynamite Bay, Green Head, 30°04′15.62″S 114°57′44.93″E, 28 December 2020, male epitoke, 1 specimen (WAM V11663) .</p><p>Description. A holotype specimen incomplete, posterior end missing, with 45 chaetigers, remaining body 9.9 mm long and 0.6 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol.</p><p>Prostomium as long as wide. Eyes black, two pairs, equal sizes, in rectangular arrangement. Palps one pair, palpophores globose, palpostyles conical. Antennae one pair, shorter than palps. Tentacular cirri four pairs with basal articulation, longest one extending to chaetiger 3. Pharyngeal jaws reddish brown, curved at tips, with seven teeth on each jaw. Paragnaths small, translucent to reddish, conical, present on maxillary and oral rings, arranged as follows: Area I= 0, Area II= 1 on left and 2 on right, Area III= 0, Area IV= 3 on left and 6 on right, in one curved row each side, Area V= 0, Area VI= 0, Areas VII–VIII= 10 in one row (Fig. 11A–B).</p><p>Apodous segment as long as first chaetiger. First two chaetigers uniramous. Notopodia present with strongly reduced dorsal ligules from first chaetiger and conical ventral ligules. Dorsal cirri digitiform, attached on middle of dorsal parapodia, about twice longer than ventral ligules, similar length throughout chaetigers. Neuropodia with conical ventral ligules, acicular ligules, and triangular postchaetal lobes extending to same level of acicular ligule tips. Ventral cirri cirriform, attached basally on ventral parapodia, as long as ventral ligules, similar length throughout chaetigers (Fig. 11C–E).</p><p>Notochaetae present with homogomph falcigers from chaetiger 3, one for each notopodia.Notopodial falcigerous blades short, with terminal and three large lateral teeth in anterior chaetigers (Fig. 11F), two large lateral teeth and two smaller teeth basally in posterior chaetigers (Fig. 11G). Neurochaetae present with heterogomph falcigers and homogomph spinigers (Fig. 11H) in dorsal fascicles, heterogomph spinigers (Fig. 11I) and falcigers (Fig. 11J) in ventral fascicles. Neuropodial falcigerous and spinigerous blades short, with fine serrations. Acicula reddish brown to black.</p><p>Variations in paratypes. Complete specimens present with 32–44 chaetigers, body 3.9–6.8 mm long and 0.3–0.4 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol. Incomplete specimens present with 35–38 chaetigers, posterior end missing, remaining body 4.7–9.3 mm long and 0.4–0.5 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol. An incomplete, male epitokous specimen present with 51 chaetigers, anal cirri missing, body 10.2 mm long and 0.6 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol.</p><p>Longest tentacular cirri extending to chaetiger 1–3. Area VI present with 2–3 cones, Areas VII–VIII present with 8–10 cones in one row, other Areas difficult to see. Notopodial falcigerous blades short, with terminal and two large lateral teeth and one smaller tooth basally. Pygidium present with anus on dorsal side, anal cirri cirriform, as long as last three chaetigers.</p><p>A male epitokous specimen present with black, enlarged, overlapping paired eyes. Body divided into 11 prenatatory chaetigers, 23 natatory chaetigers, and 17 post-natatory chaetigers. Parapodia elongated, neuropodial postchaetal lobes modified into large, flat lamella in natatory chaetigers. Dorsal cirri swollen basally with elongated lateral papillae in first seven pre-natatory chaetigers, slender and longer with shorter and more papillae in natatory chaetigers, unmodified in post-natatory chaetigers. Ventral cirri swollen basally with lateral papillae in first four pre-natatory chaetigers, slender and longer in natatory chaetigers, unmodified in post-natatory chaetigers. Paddleshaped notochaetae present in natatory chaetigers.</p><p>Remarks. The number and arrangement of paragnaths were evaluated based on the holotype and two paratype specimens (including an epitokous specimen). Other paratype specimens had retracted pharynx and were too small to dissect ventrally. Nevertheless, important taxonomic characters, including parapodia and chaetae, were consistent with those of the holotype and paratype specimens with everted pharynx.</p><p>Nereis yuedensis n. sp. resembles those Nereis species having one row of paragnaths on Areas VII–VIII and notopodial homogomph falcigers with at least one large lateral tooth, including N. bifida Hutchings &amp; Turvey, 1982; N. denhamensis Augener, 1913; N. falcaria (Willey, 1905); N. heirissonensis Augener, 1913; N. panamensis Fauchald, 1977; N. spinigera Hutchings &amp; Turvey, 1982; N. taitungensis Hsueh, 2020; N. taiwanensis Hsueh, 2020; and N. usticensis Cantone, Catalono &amp; Badalamenti, 2003. However, notopodial homogomph falcigers of the latter species often begin after chaetiger 10 or from median chaetigers. Nereis yuedensis n. sp. also differs in the distinct arrangement of lateral teeth of the notopodial falcigers, the absence of notopodial dorsal ligules, and the arrangement of paragnaths (Table 3).</p><p>Nereis yuedensis n. sp. differs from N. cockburnensis . The first notopodial homogomph falcigers of both species appear at chaetiger 3, but those of the latter species are present with serrated lateral teeth and the remaining falcigers are present with a long terminal tooth and much smaller teeth basally. In addition, N. cockburnensis has more paragnaths on both maxillary and oral rings and well-developed dorsal notopodial ligules throughout chaetigers.</p><p>Hartmann-Schröder (1982) assigned a nereidid specimen having notopodial homogomph falcigers at least from chaetiger 5 with 3–4 teeth from Jurien Bay (about 25 km from the type locality of N. yuedensis n. sp.) to Nereis cf. jacksoni, yet the arrangement of paragnaths of the specimen was not described. The characteristics of notopodial homogomph falcigers of that specimen is similar to those of N. yuedensis n. sp, and thus they are probably same species.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named in honour of the Aboriginal people of the Dynamite Bay area, the Yued (Yued is also the name of the region and dialect group), who are part of the broader group of Noongar Aboriginal Australians who have lived in the southwest corner of Western Australia for approximately 40,000 years. The Yued name for the bay is Cuencandjaa, meaning ‘mouthful of sand’.</p><p>Distribution. Dynamite Bay, Green Head, Western Australia. Although records are limited, at this stage the new species is possibly endemic to temperate Australia realm (Table 2).</p><p>Habitat. Rocky shores, intertidal (Table 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87E56660FFF50FC30BC7FD50FC32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto (2023): Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from intertidal macroalgae in Western Australia. Zootaxa 5239 (2): 151-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1
038C87E56662FFFB0FC30BC7FCF8FC8A.text	038C87E56662FFFB0FC30BC7FCF8FC8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Perinereis helleri (Grube 1878)	<div><p>Perinereis helleri (Grube, 1878)</p><p>Figs 12A–F, 20A–B</p><p>Nereis (Perinereis) helleri Grube, 1878: 81–82 .</p><p>Perinereis helleri .—Monro 1931: 14–15, fig. 8a–c; Russell 1962: 7; Wu 1967: 66; Rozbaczylo &amp; Castilla 1973: 220–221; Hartmann-Schröder 1979: 116, figs 199–202; Hutchings et al. 1991: 254–255, fig. 9a–c; Pamungkas &amp; Glasby 2015: 15–17, fig. 6A–B.</p><p>Type locality. Bohol, Philippines .</p><p>Material examined. Western Australia: Lighthouse Bay, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.13017&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.805515" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.13017/lat -21.805515)">Ningaloo</a>, 21°48′19.86″S 114° 7′48.61″E, 26 September 2020, 1 (WAM V11664) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.49409&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.87567" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.49409/lat -23.87567)">Three Mile</a>, 23°52′32.41″S 113°29′38.72″E, 23 September 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11665) .</p><p>Comparative material. Perinereis helleri, det. C. Glasby, Fishermans Wharf, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.86667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.86667/lat -12.483334)">Darwin Harbour</a>, Northern Territory, 12°29′S 130°52′E, intertidal, under rocks and in crevices, coll. C.J. Glasby &amp; P. Schroeder, 3 August 2004, 1 (NTM W19020) .</p><p>Description. Incomplete specimens with 33–35 chaetigers, posterior end missing, remaining body 9.3–27.2 mm long and 0.9–2.8 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol.</p><p>Prostomium as long as wide. Eyes black, two pairs, equal sizes, in trapezoidal arrangement. Palps one pair, palpophores globose, palpostyles conical. Antennae one pair, shorter than palps. Tentacular cirri four pairs with basal articulation, longest ones extending to chaetiger 5. Pharyngeal jaws reddish black, curved at tips, with eight teeth on each jaw. Paragnaths reddish black, present on maxillary and oral rings, arranged as follows: Area I= 5–6 cones, Area II= 10–12 cones in three curved rows, Area III= 9–13 cones with 2 cones at lateral of main group, Area IV= 17–20 cones, Area V= 3 cones in a triangle, Area VI= 1 smooth bar, Areas VII–VIII= 42–44 cones in two rows (Fig. 12A–B).</p><p>Apodous segment slightly longer than first chaetiger. First two chaetigers uniramous. Notopodia present with subconical dorsal and ventral ligules in anterior chaetigers, become digitiform in posterior chaetigers. Notopodial ligules not greatly expanded posteriorly. Dorsal cirri cirriform, attached on middle of dorsal parapodia, as long as dorsal ligules. Neuropodia with subconical ventral ligules, acicular ligules, and rounded postchaetal lobes extending to same level of acicular ligule tips; ventral ligules become digitiform in posterior chaetigers. Ventral cirri cirriform, attached basally on ventral parapodia, shorter than ventral ligules, similar length throughout chaetigers (Fig. 12C).</p><p>Notochaetae present with homogomph spinigers. Neurochaetae heterogomph falcigers (Fig. 12D) and homogomph spinigers (Fig. 12E) in dorsal fascicles, heterogomph falcigers and spinigers (Fig. 12F) in ventral fascicles. Homogomph spinigerous blades long, with fine serrations, longer than heterogomph spinigerous blades. Falcigerous blades long, with fine serrations. Acicula black.</p><p>Remarks. The specimen examined here fits the description of the species by Hutchings et al. (1991), except for the shorter posterodorsal tentacular cirri (only extending to chaetiger 5 vs. to chaetiger 8–16 and having more paragnaths in Area I (5–6 vs. 1–2). However, comparative material from Darwin Harbour, Northern Territory showed intermediate numbers of paragnaths in Area I (3), while having the longer posterodorsal tentacular cirri (at least to chaetiger 12) (Fig. 20A–B), thus we view the differences as intraspecific variation. Our specimens from Ningaloo and Three Mile extend to the southerly distribution of this species, which was previously reported only as far south as Enderby Island (20°36′S).</p><p>Distribution. Indo-Pacific: Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, Australia, Chile (Table 2).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal, subtidal, mudflat, rocky shores.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87E56662FFFB0FC30BC7FCF8FC8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto (2023): Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from intertidal macroalgae in Western Australia. Zootaxa 5239 (2): 151-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1
038C87E5666DFFFA0FC308DBFCF1FE1E.text	038C87E5666DFFFA0FC308DBFCF1FE1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Perinereis variodentata (Augener 1913)	<div><p>Perinereis variodentata (Augener, 1913)</p><p>Figs 13A–F, 20C–D</p><p>Nereis (Perinereis) variodentata Augener, 1913: 179–182, fig. 19a–c, pl.3, fig. 50u.</p><p>Perinereis variodentata .— Kott 1951: 112–113, fig. 6a–d; Hartman 1954: 35; Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1982: 140–141; HartmannSchröder 1983: 139; Hartmann-Schröder 1984: 29; Hutchings et al. 1991: 266–268, fig. 18a–c.</p><p>Type locality. Albany, Western Australia .</p><p>Material examined. Western Australia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.43027&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.38981" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.43027/lat -28.38981)">Horrock</a>, 28°23′23.32″S 114°25′48.98″E, 18 November 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11666) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.987854&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.90711" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.987854/lat -33.90711)">Ellensbrook Beach</a>, 33°54′25.59″S 114°59′16.29″E, 24 July 2016, 3 specimens (WAM V11667) .</p><p>Comparative material. Perinereis variodentata, det. C. Glasby, Taylor Street Marina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.916664/lat -33.85)">Esperance</a>, Western Australia, 33°51′S 121°55′E, coll. Mulligan, 17 March 2002, 2 (NTM W18369) .</p><p>Description. Complete specimens with 66–75 chaetigers, body 22.1–36.0 mm long and 1.8–2.9 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol. An incomplete specimen with 39 chaetigers, posterior end missing, remaining body 8.2 long and 1.1 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol.</p><p>Prostomium as long as wide. Eyes black, two pairs, equal sizes, in trapezoidal arrangement. Palps one pair, palpophores globose, palpostyles conical. Antennae one pair, shorter than palps. Tentacular cirri four pairs with basal articulation, longest ones extending to chaetiger 6–9. Pharyngeal jaws reddish brown, curved at tips, with eight teeth on each jaw. Paragnaths reddish black, present on maxillary and oral rings, arranged as follows: Area I= 8 cones of two sizes, Area II= 7 cones in two oblique rows, Area III= 8 cones in two rows, Area IV= 12–13 cones in two oblique rows, Area V= 6 cones in two curved rows, Area VI= two long transverse bars in one row, Areas VII–VIII= 64–84 cones in 1–3 rows at lateral and 6 rows at ventral (Figs 13A–B, 20C–D).</p><p>Apodous segment as long as first chaetiger. First two chaetigers uniramous. Notopodia present with subconical dorsal and ventral ligules in anterior chaetigers, those ligules become digitiform in posterior chaetigers. Dorsal cirri cirriform, attached on middle of dorsal parapodia, twice longer than dorsal ligules, similar length throughout chaetigers. Neuropodia with subconical ventral ligules, acicular ligules, and triangular postchaetal lobes extending to same level of acicular ligule tips; ventral ligules become digitiform in posterior chaetigers. Ventral cirri cirriform, attached basally on ventral parapodia, as long as ventral ligules (Fig. 13C).</p><p>Notochaetae present with homogomph spinigers (Fig. 13D). Neurochaetae present with homogomph spinigers and heterogomph falcigers in dorsal fascicles, heterogomph spinigers (Fig. 13E) and falcigers (Fig. 13F) in ventral fascicles. All spinigerous blades short, with fine serrations. Falcigerous blades short, curved at tips, with fine serrations. Acicula black. Pygidium with anus on dorsal side, with slender anal cirri, as long as last five chaetigers.</p><p>Remarks. In our specimens, Area III has more paragnaths than that of materials examined in the original description (2) (Augener 1913) and previous studies (1–6) (Kott 1951; Hartman 1954; Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1982; Hutchings et al. 1991). Area IV is sometimes present with 1–2 bars in additional to cones, and the lateral cones in the inner cluster of Area V almost contact Area VI (Hartmann-Schröder 1984; Hutchings et al. 1991). Augener (1913) found homogomph falcigers in the dorsal fascicles of neurochaetae, but we and other studies (Kott 1951; Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1982; Hutchings et al. 1991) did not find them.</p><p>Distribution. Temperate Australia:South-West Australia, New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania (Table 2).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal, subtidal, rocky shores (Table 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87E5666DFFFA0FC308DBFCF1FE1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto (2023): Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from intertidal macroalgae in Western Australia. Zootaxa 5239 (2): 151-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1
038C87E5666CFFF80FC30DC0FC5BFABE.text	038C87E5666CFFF80FC30DC0FC5BFABE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platynereis antipoda Hartman 1954	<div><p>Platynereis antipoda Hartman, 1954</p><p>Fig. 14A–G</p><p>Platynereis dumerilii antipoda Hartman, 1954: 35–36, figs 33–37; Hartmann-Schröder 1979: 118; Hutchings &amp; Rainer 1979: 757–758; Hartmann-Schröder 1980: 60; Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1982: 141; Wilson 1985: 136–137; Hutchings &amp; Reid 1991: 55–56.</p><p>Platynereis antipoda .— Bakken &amp; Wilson 2005: 533–534.</p><p>Type locality. Southern Australia .</p><p>Material examined. Western Australia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.56352&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.554688" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.56352/lat -28.554688)">Horrock</a>, 28°23′23.32″S 114°25′48.98″E, 18 November 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11668). Coronation Beach, 28°33′16.88″S 114°33′48.66″E, 19 November 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11669). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.60601&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.683699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.60601/lat -28.683699)">Glenfield Beach</a>, 28°41′01.32″S 114°36′21.65″E, 17 November 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11670) . Shag Rock Beach, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.10305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.594444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.10305/lat -30.594444)">Nambung</a>, 30°35′40.00″S 115°06′11.00″E, 31 December 2020, 2 specimens (WAM V11671) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.62357&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.550655" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.62357/lat -31.550655)">Yanchep Beach</a>, 31°33′02.36″S 115°37′24.86″E, 14 January 2021, 1 specimen (WAM V11672) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.62357&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.550655" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.62357/lat -31.550655)">Yanchep Beach</a>, 31°33′02.36″S 115°37′24.86″E, 14 January 2021, female epitoke, 1 specimen (WAM V11673) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.72162&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.739882" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.72162/lat -31.739882)">Beaumaris Beach</a>, 31°44′23.57″S 115°43′17.82″E, 18 January 2021, 5 specimens (WAM V11674) . Avalon Point, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.63338&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.594513" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.63338/lat -32.594513)">Mandurah</a>, 32°35′40.25″S 115°38′00.16″E, 13 January 2021, 3 specimens (WAM V11675) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.98893&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.992702" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.98893/lat -33.992702)">Gnarabup</a>, 33°59′33.73″S 114°59′20.16″E, 16 December 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11676) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.03222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.232372" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.03222/lat -34.232372)">Foul Bay</a> Beach, 34°13′56.54″S 115°01′55.97″E, 15 December 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11677) . Hunters Beach, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.96985&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.074318" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.96985/lat -30.074318)">Green Head</a>, 30° 4′27.54″S 114°58′11.46″E, 29 July 2016, 1 specimen (WAM V11678) . Cape <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.6852&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.266426" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.6852/lat -32.266426)">Peron</a>, 32°15′59.14″S 115°41′06.74″E, 26 July 2016, 3 specimens (WAM V11679) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.987854&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.90711" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.987854/lat -33.90711)">Ellensbrook Beach</a>, 33°54′25.59″S 114°59′16.29″E, 24 July 2016, 1 specimen (WAM V11680) .</p><p>Description. Complete specimens with 34–77 chaetigers, body 5.4–26.8 mm long and 0.4–1.8 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol. Incomplete specimens with 42–53 chaetigers, posterior end missing, remaining body 18.7–32.5 mm long and 2.2–2.3 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol.</p><p>Prostomium as long as wide. Eyes black, two pairs, outer eyes slightly larger than inner ones, in trapezoidal arrangement. Palps one pair, palpophores globose, palpostyles conical. Antennae one pair, slightly shorter than palps. Tentacular cirri four pairs with basal articulation, longest one extending to chaetiger 7–12. Pharyngeal jaws reddish brown, curved at tips, with seven teeth on each jaw. Paragnaths reddish brown, pectinate bars, present on maxillary and oral rings, arranged as follows: Area I= 0, Area II= 0, Area III= 2–3 transverse rows, Area IV= four curved rows, outside ones shorter, Area V= 0, Area VI= two transverse rows, Areas VII–VIII= 5 patches in one row in lateral, two rows in ventral (Fig. 14A–B).</p><p>Apodous segment longer than first chaetiger. First two chaetigers uniramous. Notopodia present with subconical dorsal and ventral ligules, dorsal ligules enlarged in posterior chaetigers. Dorsal cirri cirriform, attached on middle of dorsal parapodia, about four times longer than ventral ligules, similar length throughout chaetigers. Neuropodia with subconical ventral ligules, acicular ligules, and triangular postchaetal lobes extending well beyond acicular ligule tips. Ventral cirri cirriform, attached basally on ventral parapodia, slightly shorter than inferior ligules (Fig. 14C).</p><p>Notochaetae present with homogomph spinigers in anterior chaetigers, homogomph spinigers (Fig. 14D) and falcigers (Fig. 14E) from chaetiger 21–30 or chaetiger 13 in small specimens. Notopodial falcigerous blades long, curved, with fine serrations and a hooked tip connected to blade. Neurochaetae present with homogomph spinigers and heterogomph falcigers (Fig. 14F) in dorsal fascicles, heterogomph spinigers (Fig. 14G) and falcigers in ventral fascicles. Neuropodial falcigerous blades medium size, slightly curved at tips, with fine serrations and a hooked tip connected to blade. All spinigerous blades long, with fine serrations. Acicula translucent. Pygidium with anus on dorsal side, anal cirri cirriform, as long as last four to six chaetigers.</p><p>A complete, female epitokous specimen with 62 chaetigers, body 17.7 mm long and 1.5 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol. Body divided into 16 pre-natatory chaetigers, 34 natatory chaetigers, and 12 post-natatory chaetigers. Neuropodial postchaetal lobes modified into large, flat lamella in natatory chaetigers. Dorsal and ventral cirri swollen basally, unmodified in natatory chaetigers.</p><p>Remarks. The species is considered a full species in this study, following Bakken &amp; Wilson (2005) who found obvious differences between Australian specimens of Platynereis antipoda and northern European specimens of Platynereis dumerilii . They could not justify the subspecies based on this information, and thus P. antipoda is assigned as a valid species.</p><p>Pectinate bars on Area IV can also be arranged in 3–4 triangular rows (Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1982). Pre-natatory chaetigers of our female specimens were fewer than those of female P. antipoda from Port Hedland, Western Australia (21) (Hartmann-Schröder 1979), Port Jackson, New South Wales (21) (Hartman 1954), and South Australia (18) (Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1982), suggesting that they are probably sympatric species. Morphological examination of both male and female epitokes of P. antipoda across Australian waters will better establish the limits of species. Read (2007) has described sympatric species of Platynereis from New Zealand based on both epitokous male and female specimens.</p><p>Hutchings &amp; Rainer (1979) found that P. antipoda from Careel Bay, New South Wales has dark brown acicula and no notopodial falcigers. Those characteristics look similar to a closely-related species, P. australis (Schmarda, 1861), which has black acicula (Imajima 1972) and lacks notopodial falcigers in adults (Hutchings &amp; Reid 1991).</p><p>Distribution. Southern Australia: South-West Australia, South Australia, Victoria (Table 2).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal, subtidal, muddy sand, rocky shores (Table 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87E5666CFFF80FC30DC0FC5BFABE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto (2023): Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from intertidal macroalgae in Western Australia. Zootaxa 5239 (2): 151-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1
038C87E5666EFFFE0FC30E0EFB10FD7E.text	038C87E5666EFFFE0FC30E0EFB10FD7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platynereis polyscalma Chamberlin 1919	<div><p>Platynereis polyscalma Chamberlin, 1919</p><p>Figs 15A–H, 20E–F</p><p>Platynereis polyscalma Chamberlin, 1919: 219–226, pl. 30 figs 5–8, Pl. 31 figs 1–10, pl. 32 figs 1–2; Horst 1923: 223–224; Hartman 1940: 229–231, pl. 38 figs 76–83; Fauvel 1953: 221–222, fig. 112a–e; Hutchings &amp; Reid 1991: 56–57; Glasby 2015: 230–231, fig. 5.D–E.</p><p>Type locality. Ellice Islands and Gilbert Islands.</p><p>Material examined. Western Australia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.78292&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.96299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.78292/lat -19.96299)">Cape Keraudren</a>, 19°57′46.76″S 119°46′58.51″E, 5 November 2020, 2 specimens (WAM V11681) . South Mandu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.8605&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.168625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.8605/lat -22.168625)">Ningaloo</a>, 22°10′07.05″S 113°51′37.79″E, 24 September 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11682) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.15317&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.721415" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.15317/lat -27.721415)">Kalbarri</a>, 27°43′17.09″S 114°09′11.39″E, 15 November 2020, 2 specimens (WAM V11683) . Avalon Point, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.63338&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.594513" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.63338/lat -32.594513)">Mandurah</a>, 32°35′40.25″S 115°38′00.16″E, 13 January 2021, 1 specimen (WAM V11684) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.76789&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.154518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.76789/lat -23.154518)">Coral Bay</a>, 23°09′16.27″S 113°46′04.40″E, 26 July 2016, 1 specimen (WAM V11685) .</p><p>Comparative material. Platynereis polyscalma, det. C. Glasby, Channel Island, Middle Arm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.92334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.581667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.92334/lat -12.581667)">Darwin Harbour</a>, Northern Territory, 12°34.9′S 130°55.4′E, reef at 5–10 m, coll. S.M. Gregg &amp; T . Bakken, 22 September 2000, 1 (NTM W19031) .</p><p>Description. Complete specimens with 31–46 chaetigers, body 5.3–30.4 mm long and 0.4–2.4 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol. Incomplete specimens with 31–39 chaetigers, posterior end missing, remaining body 5.3–31.7 mm long and 0.4–2.3 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol.</p><p>Prostomium as long as wide. Eyes black, two pairs, outer eyes slightly larger than inner ones, in trapezoidal arrangement. Palps one pair, palpophores globose, palpostyles conical. Antennae one pair, slightly shorter than palps. Tentacular cirri four pairs with basal articulation, longest one extending to chaetiger 7–8. Pharyngeal jaws translucent reddish black, curved at tips, with nine teeth on each jaw. Paragnaths reddish black, pectinate bars, present on maxillary and oral rings, arranged as follows: Area I= 0, Area II= 0, Area III= 2 patches in two rows, Area IV= 4 curved rows, lateral ones shorter, Area V= 0, Area VI= two curved rows, Areas VII–VIII= 5 patches in one row at lateral and two rows at ventral (Fig. 15A–B).</p><p>Apodous segment as long as first chaetiger. First two chaetigers uniramous. Notopodia present with conical dorsal and ventral ligules in anterior chaetigers, those ligules become digitiform in posterior chaetigers. Dorsal cirri cirriform, attached near edge of dorsal parapodia, about three times longer than dorsal ligules. Neuropodia with conical ventral ligules, acicular ligules, and triangular postchaetal lobes extending to same level of acicular ligule tips; ventral ligules become digitiform in posterior chaetigers. Ventral cirri cirriform, attached basally on ventral parapodia, slightly shorter than ventral ligules (Fig. 15C).</p><p>Notochaetae present with homogomph spinigers in anterior chaetigers, homogomph spinigers and falcigers (Fig. 15D), latter from chaetiger 13–17. Notopodial falcigerous blades short, smooth, curved, with a hooked tip connected to blade. Neurochaetae present with homogomph spinigers (Fig. 15E) and heterogomph falcigers in dorsal fascicles, heterogomph spinigers (Fig. 15F) and falcigers (Fig. 15G–H) in ventral fascicles. All spinigerous blades short, with fine serrations. Neuropodial falcigerous blades medium size, with fine serrations and sometimes a tip connected to blade present. Acicula translucent. Pygidium with anus on dorsal side, anal cirri cirriform, as long as last one chaetiger.</p><p>Remarks. The present specimens fit the description of the species by Hutchings &amp; Reid (1991). They are also very similar to the comparative specimens from Darwin Harbour (Fig. 20E–F). The species is reported by these authors to be widespread in tropical and warm temperate waters of northern Australia. Our specimen from Falcon, Mandurah extends slightly the southernmost record in Western Australia to 32°35′S. However, as pointed out by Read (2007) cryptic species exist for New Zealand forms of Platynereis australis, and museum specimens cannot be separated into species by morphology. Separation to species requires a consideration of living colour patterns, morphological features of the epitokes, and molecular data (Teixeira et al. 2022). Thus, the Australian fauna of Platynereis, excluding the distinctive P. bicanaliculata Baird, 1863, is each likely to encompass undescribed cryptic species.</p><p>Living specimens show green pigmentation with white spots on the dorsum and white patch on the prostomium. The pectinate bars in Areas VII–VIII can be arranged in 5–6 patches (Glasby 2015).</p><p>Distribution. Tropical Indian and Pacific Ocean, warm temperate waters of Australia (Table 2).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal and subtidal, rocky shores including coralline habitats, sand, mud (Table 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87E5666EFFFE0FC30E0EFB10FD7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto (2023): Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from intertidal macroalgae in Western Australia. Zootaxa 5239 (2): 151-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1
038C87E56668FFFD0FC3084EFC05FE62.text	038C87E56668FFFD0FC3084EFC05FE62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platynereis uniseris Hutchings & Reid 1991	<div><p>Platynereis uniseris Hutchings &amp; Reid, 1991</p><p>Figs 16A–G, 20G–H</p><p>Platynereis uniseris Hutchings &amp; Reid, 1991: 57–59, fig. 3.a–j; Glasby 2015: 231, fig. 5F, G.</p><p>Type locality. Ningaloo, Western Australia .</p><p>Material examined. Western Australia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.78292&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.96299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.78292/lat -19.96299)">Cape Keraudren</a>, 19°57′46.76″S 119°46′58.51″E, 5 November 2020, 4 specimens (WAM V11686) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.82766&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.04241" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.82766/lat -23.04241)">Bateman Bay</a>, 23°02′32.68″S 113°49′39.59″E, 20 September 2020, 2 specimens (WAM V11687) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.49409&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.87567" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.49409/lat -23.87567)">Three Mile</a>, 23°52′32.41″S 113°29′38.72″E, 23 September 2020, 2 specimens (WAM V11688) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.76789&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.154518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.76789/lat -23.154518)">Coral Bay</a>, 23°09′16.27″S 113°46′04.40″E, 26 July 2016, 1 specimen (WAM V11689) .</p><p>Comparative material. Platynereis uniseris, det. C. Glasby, Ashmore <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.0/lat -12.25)">Reef</a>, Western Australia, 12°15′S 123°0′E, coll. B.C. Russell, 23 February 1983, 1 (NTM W19003) .</p><p>Description. Complete specimens with 50–81 chaetigers, body 6.2–27.3 mm long and 0.6–1.4 mm wide; cream yellow to reddish brown in alcohol. Incomplete specimens with 29–33 chaetigers, posterior end missing, remaining body 9.5–15.0 mm long and 1.1–1.4 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol.</p><p>Prostomium as long as wide. Eyes black, two pairs, outer eyes slightly larger than inner ones, in rectangular arrangement. Palps one pair, palpophores globose, palpostyles conical. Antennae one pair, extend to level of palps. Tentacular cirri four pairs with basal articulation, longest one extending to chaetiger 5–11. Pharyngeal jaws translucent reddish black, curved at tips, with eight teeth on each jaw. Paragnaths reddish black, pectinate bars, present on maxillary and oral rings, arranged as follows: Area I= 0, Area II= 0, Area III= 7 patches in two rows at lateral and three rows in central, Area IV= four curved rows, lateral ones shorter, Area V= 0, Area VI= one slightly curved row, Areas VII–VIII= 5 patches in one row (Fig. 16A–B).</p><p>Apodous segment as long as first chaetiger. First two chaetigers uniramous. Notopodia present with conical dorsal and ventral ligules in anterior chaetigers, and those ligules become digitiform in posterior chaetigers. Dorsal cirri cirriform, attached on middle of dorsal parapodia, about twice longer than dorsal ligules. Neuropodia with conical ventral ligules, acicular ligules, and triangular postchaetal lobes extending to same level of acicular ligule tips; ventral ligules become digitiform in posterior chaetigers. Ventral cirri cirriform, attached basally on ventral parapodia, slightly shorter than ventral ligules (Fig. 16C).</p><p>Notochaetae present with homogomph spinigers in first three chaetigers, homogomph spinigers (Fig. 16D) and falcigers (Fig. 16E) from chaetiger 4. Notopodial falcigerous blades short, smooth, curved, with a hooked tip connected to blade. Neurochaetae present with homogomph spinigers and heterogomph falcigers in dorsal fascicles, heterogomph spinigers (Fig. 16F) and falcigers (Fig. 16G) in ventral fascicles. All spinigerous blades short, with fine serrations. Neuropodial falcigerous blades medium-sized, with fine serrations. Acicula translucent. Pygidium with anus on dorsal side, anal cirri cirriform, as long as last one chaetiger.</p><p>Remarks. The present specimens fit the description of the species by Hutchings &amp; Reid (1991). They are also very similar to the comparative specimens from Ashmore Reef, Western Australia (Fig. 20G–H). As mentioned by these authors, the species is distinguishable from other Australian Platynereis by the presence of a single row of long pectinate bars in the oral ring ( P. antipoda and P. polyscalma have two rows). Platynereis uniseris is reported by these authors to be widespread in tropical and warm temperate waters of northern Australia; the present record at Three Mile extends slightly the southern limit of this species for Western Australia.</p><p>Living specimens show pink pigmentation (Glasby 2015).</p><p>Distribution. Northern Australia: North-West Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland (Table 2).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal, subtidal, rocky shores, dead coral substrate (Table 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87E56668FFFD0FC3084EFC05FE62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto (2023): Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from intertidal macroalgae in Western Australia. Zootaxa 5239 (2): 151-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1
038C87E5666AFFC30FC30BC7FC53FC32.text	038C87E5666AFFC30FC30BC7FC53FC32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudonereis anomala Gravier 1899	<div><p>Pseudonereis anomala Gravier, 1899</p><p>Fig. 17A–F</p><p>Pseudonereis anomala Gravier, 1989b: 290–292, figs 5–9; Day 1967: 333, fig. 14.12.g–j; Hutchings &amp; Turvey 1982: 141–142; Hylleberg et al. 1986: 13–14, fig. 7; Hutchings &amp; Glasby 1985: 108–109; Çinar &amp; Ergen 2005: 316–318, fig. 4A–D; Bakken 2007: 148–152, figs 2–3; Glasby et al. 2013: 259, figs 6A, 7A, B.</p><p>Type locality. Djibouti, Gulf of Aden .</p><p>Material examined. Western Australia: False Cape Bosut, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.72858&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.57178" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.72858/lat -18.57178)">Bidyadanga</a>, 18°34′18.40″S 121°43′42.87″E, 3 November 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11690) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.78804&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.96425" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.78804/lat -19.96425)">Cape Keraudren</a>, 19°57′51.30″S 119°47′16.94″E, 5 November 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11691) .</p><p>Description. Complete specimens with 57–76 chaetigers, body 13.5–37.3 mm long and 1.0–2.0 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol.</p><p>Prostomium as long as wide. Eyes black, two pairs, equal size, in trapezoidal arrangement. Eyes two pairs, equal size. Palps one pair, palpophores globose, palpostyles conical.Antennae one pair, shorter than palps. Tentacular cirri four pairs with basal articulation, longest one extending to chaetiger 3. Pharyngeal jaws black, curved at tips, with eight teeth on each jaw. Paragnaths translucent brown, present on maxillary and oral rings, arranged as follows: Area I= 1–3 cones, Area II= 16–23 p-bars in a triangle, Area III= 32–58 p-bars in 3–4 rows, Area IV= 32–33 p-bars in four curved rows, Area V= 0, Area VI= 5–8 cones in one row, Areas VII–VIII= 12–15 cones in one row (Fig. 17A).</p><p>Apodous segment as long as first chaetiger. First two chaetigers uniramous. Notopodia present with digitiform dorsal and ventral ligules, dorsal ligules prolonged in posterior chaetigers. Dorsal cirri cirriform, attached on middle of dorsal parapodia, about three times longer than dorsal ligules. Neuropodia with digitiform ventral ligules, acicular ligules, and triangular postchaetal lobes extending below acicular ligule tips. Ventral cirri cirriform, attached basally on ventral parapodia, as long as ventral ligules (Fig. 17B).</p><p>Notochaetae present with homogomph spinigers (Fig. 17C) in anterior chaetigers, homogomph falcigers (Fig. 17D) from chaetiger 23–39. Notopodial falcigerous blades medium-sized, with fine serrations. Neurochaetae present with heterogomph falcigers (Fig. 17E) and homogomph spinigers in dorsal fascicles, heterogomph spinigers (Fig. 17F) and falcigers in ventral fascicles. All spinigerous blades long, with fine serrations. Neuropodial falcigerous blades short, with fine serrations. Acicula black. Pygidium with anus on dorsal side, anal cirri cirriform, as long as last three chaetigers.</p><p>Remarks. In specimens collected from Thailand, paragnaths on Area VI are arranged in 1–2 rows (Hylleberg et al. 1986). The tentacular and anal cirri of our specimens are shorter than those of materials examined by Bakken (2007). Notopodial homogomph falcigers can be present from chaetiger 5 to mid-body (Glasby et al. 2013), earlier than those of our specimens.</p><p>It is noteworthy that the Indonesian species Pseudonereis trimaculata (Horst, 1924) has been found just to the north of the present specimens in Tranquil Bay (13°56′S 127°18′E) intertidally in a sandy bay with rocky headlands (NTM W19035). It can easily be distinguished from P. anomala by the form of paragnaths in Area VI (see key below).</p><p>Distribution. Tropical Indian Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea (Table 2).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal, estuary, subtidal, rocky shores, sand (Table 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87E5666AFFC30FC30BC7FC53FC32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto (2023): Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from intertidal macroalgae in Western Australia. Zootaxa 5239 (2): 151-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1
038C87E56655FFCF0FC30882FCF1FDAA.text	038C87E56655FFCF0FC30882FCF1FDAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudonereis rottnestiana (Augener 1913)	<div><p>Pseudonereis rottnestiana (Augener, 1913) reinstated</p><p>Fig. 18A–E</p><p>Nereis (Pseudonereis) rottnestiana Augener, 1913: 184–187, fig. 20a–c, pl. 3 fig. 46u.</p><p>Pseudonereis rottnestiana .— Fauvel 1932: 112; Hartman 1954: 12, 17.</p><p>Pseudonereis rottnestiana forma seriodentata.— Hartmann-Schröder 1979: 118–119, figs 216–219; Hartmann-Schröder 1980: 61, figs 62–63.</p><p>Type locality. Green Island, Rottnest, Western Australia .</p><p>Material examined. Western Australia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.55904&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.763369" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.55904/lat -23.763369)">Gnaraloo</a>, 23°45′48.13″S 113°33′32.51″E, 21 September 2020, 2 specimens (WAM V11692) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.55904&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.763369" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.55904/lat -23.763369)">Gnaraloo</a>, 23°45′48.13″S 113°33′32.51″E, 21 September 2020, female epitoke, 1 specimen (WAM V11693) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.5359&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.77273" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.5359/lat -23.77273)">Gnaraloo</a>, 23°46′21.83″S 113°32′09.24″E, 22 September 2020, 1 specimen (WAM V11694) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.49409&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.87567" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.49409/lat -23.87567)">Three Mile</a>, 23°52′32.41″S 113°29′38.72″E, 23 September 2020, 2 specimens (WAM V11695) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.15317&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.721415" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.15317/lat -27.721415)">Kalbarri</a>, 27°43′17.09″S 114° 9′11.39″E, 15 November 2020, 2 specimens (WAM V11696) .</p><p>Description. Complete specimens with 48–74 chaetigers, body 14.6–26.4 mm long and 1.3–2.1 mm wide; cream yellow to reddish brown in alcohol. Incomplete specimens with 29–35 chaetigers, posterior end missing, remaining body 10.6–18.5 mm long and 0.9–1.9 mm wide; cream yellow to reddish brown in alcohol.</p><p>Prostomium as long as wide. Eyes black, two pairs, equal size, in trapezoidal arrangement. Palps one pair, palpophores globose, palpostyles conical. Antennae one pair, shorter than palps. Tentacular cirri four pairs with basal articulation, longest ones extending to chaetiger 2–5. Pharyngeal jaws black, curved at tips, with eight teeth on each jaw. Paragnaths present on maxillary and oral rings, arranged as follows: Area I= 0–2 cones, Area II= 14–26 p-bars in 2–4 rows, Area III= 10–49 p-bars in 3–4 rows, Area IV= 27–32 p-bars in 5–6 rows, Area V= 0, Area VI= 5–12 cones in 1–2 rows, Areas VII–VIII= alternating 14–17 paragnaths, combination of cones and p-bars (Fig. 18A–B).</p><p>Apodous segment slightly longer than first chaetiger. First two chaetigers uniramous. Notopodia present with conical dorsal and ventral ligules, those ligules become subconical in posterior chaetigers, dorsal ligules prolonged in posterior chaetigers. Dorsal cirri cirriform, attached on middle of dorsal parapodia, about three times longer than dorsal ligules, similar length throughout chaetigers. Neuropodia with conical ventral ligules, acicular ligules, and triangular postchaetal lobes extending to same level of acicular ligule tips; ventral ligules become subconical in posterior chaetigers. Ventral cirri cirriform, attached basally on ventral parapodia, slightly longer than ventral ligules, similar length throughout chaetigers (Fig. 18C).</p><p>Notochaetae present with homogomph spinigers. Neurochaetae present with homogomph spinigers (Fig. 18D) and heterogomph falcigers in dorsal fascicles, heterogomph falcigers (Fig. 18E) in ventral fascicles. All spinigerous blades long, with fine serrations. Falcigerous blades short, with fine serrations. Acicula black. Pygidium with anus on dorsal side, with slender anal cirri, as long as last six chaetigers.</p><p>An incomplete, female epitokous specimen with 60 chaetigers, posterior end missing, remaining body 17.9 mm long and 2.4 mm wide; cream yellow in alcohol. Specimen present with black, enlarged, overlapping paired eyes, in rectangular arrangement. Body divided into 16 pre-natatory chaetigers and 44 natatory chaetigers; pre-natatory chaetigers longer than natatory chaetigers.All parapodial ligules and lobes modified into large, flat lamella in natatory chaetigers. Dorsal and ventral cirri unmodified but developing small basal lamella from chaetiger 15 (two chaetigers before natatory chaetigers); lamella larger in natatory chaetigers. Paddle-shaped notochaetae in natatory chaetigers.</p><p>......continued on the next page</p><p>TABLE 2. (Continued)</p><p>......continued on the next page</p><p>TABLE 2. (Continued)</p><p>......continued on the next page</p><p>TABLE 2. (Continued)</p><p>......continued on the next page</p><p>TABLE 2. (Continued)</p><p>......continued on the next page</p><p>TABLE 2. (Continued)</p><p>......continued on the next page</p><p>TABLE 2. (Continued)</p><p>1 Composetia costae (Grube, 1840) outside Tyrrhenian and Ligurian Seas need to be re-examined (Villalobos-Guerrero et al. 2021).</p><p>2 Nereis angusticollis Kinberg, 1865 from Shark Bay, Western Australia described by Augener (1913) is questioned by Hartman (1948).</p><p>......continued on the next page</p><p>TABLE 3. (Continued)</p><p>Remarks. Pseudonereis rottnestiana has been synonymised with P. anomala by Bakken (2007) because he found no morphological evidence of difference (however, he noted that all notopodial chaetae in the original specimen of P. rottnestiana were broken). However, based on our observations of the specimens at hand, we agree with Fauvel (1932) and Hartman (1954) that P. rottnestiana differs from P. anomala due to the absence of notopodial homogomph falcigers, and herein reinstate the species. Hartmann-Schröder (1979) reported two forms: P. rottnestiana forma seriodentata and P. rottnestiana forma costatodentata. According to Bakken (2007), the first form completely agrees with the original description of P. rottnestiana (Hartmann-Schröder 1979) and the latter form was synonymised with P. trimaculata (Horst, 1924) . Tentacular cirri of our specimens are shorter than those of materials examined by Augener (1913) and Fauvel (1932).</p><p>Distribution. Indo-Australian: Andaman, Western Australia, South Australia (Table 2).</p><p>Habitat. Intertidal, subtidal, rocky shores (Table 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87E56655FFCF0FC30882FCF1FDAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto (2023): Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from intertidal macroalgae in Western Australia. Zootaxa 5239 (2): 151-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1
038C87E56659FFCC0FC3093BFB60FE76.text	038C87E56659FFCC0FC3093BFB60FE76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nereididae Blainville 1818	<div><p>Key to genera and species of Nereididae reported from Western Australia</p><p>The key to genera and species of Nereididae from Western Australia is based on taxonomic literatures, Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) dataset (https://obis.org), and the present study. The OBIS dataset was downloaded on 27 July 2022 and species that are registered and deposited in museums were included. In total, 75 species were compiled (Table 2).</p><p>1 Ventral peristomial flap present......................................... Cheilonereis peristomialis Benham, 1916</p><p>- Ventral peristomial flap absent.......................................................................... 2</p><p>2 Parapodial branchial filaments present, arise from dorsal notopodial ligules........ Dendronereides zululandica Day, 1951</p><p>- Parapodial branchial filaments absent..................................................................... 3</p><p>3 Anterior ventrum with fleshy transverse ridges.............................. Australonereis ehlersi (Augener, 1913)</p><p>- Anterior ventrum smooth.............................................................................. 4</p><p>4 Antennae absent......................................................................... Micronereis ... 5</p><p>- Antennae present..................................................................................... 6</p><p>5 Spinigerous chaetal shafts with internal septa......................... Micronereis bansei (Hartmann-Schröder, 1979) *</p><p>- Spinigerous chaetal shafts without internal septa................................. Micronereis halei Hartman, 1954 *</p><p>6 Notopodia reduced (no lobes or ligules)................................................................... 7</p><p>- Notopodia well developed (at least one lobe or ligule present)................................................. 8</p><p>7 Notochaetae present, few................................................... Namalycastis abiuma (Grube, 1872)</p><p>- Notochaetae absent.......................................... Namanereis quadraticeps (Blanchard in Gay, 1849)</p><p>8 Proboscis smooth...................................................... Nicon rotunda Hutchings &amp; Reid, 1990</p><p>- Proboscis with paragnaths or papillae..................................................................... 9</p><p>9 Proboscis with papillae only........................................................................... 10</p><p>- Proboscis with paragnaths and papillae, or paragnaths only................................................... 13</p><p>10 Ventral cirri bifid.................................................................................... 11</p><p>- Ventral cirri not bifid................................................................................. 12</p><p>11 Dorsal cirri bifid in anterior parapodia................................ Gymnonereis yurieli Hutchings &amp; Reid, 1990</p><p>- Dorsal cirri not bifid............................................ Ceratocephale aureola Hutchings &amp; Reid, 1990</p><p>12 Papillae on both maxillary and oral rings.................................... Olganereis edmondsi (Hartman, 1954)</p><p>- Papillae on oral ring only................................................... Websterinereis foli (Fauvel, 1930)</p><p>13 Proboscis with paragnaths and papillae................................................................... 14</p><p>- Proboscis with paragnaths only......................................................................... 16</p><p>14 Chaetae comprise spinigers only.................................... Paraleonnates bolus (Hutchings &amp; Reid, 1991)</p><p>- Chaetae comprise spinigers and falcigers..................................................... Leonnates … 15</p><p>15 Falcigers present in all neuropodia............................................. Leonnates indicus Kinberg, 1865</p><p>- Falcigers absent in anterior neuropodia.................................. Leonnates crinitus Hutchings &amp; Reid, 1991</p><p>16 Paragnaths on maxillary ring only....................................................................... 17</p><p>- Paragnaths on both maxillary and oral rings............................................................... 28</p><p>17 Paragnaths small and rod-like........................................... Solomononereis marauensis Gibbs, 1971</p><p>- Paragnaths conical................................................................................... 18</p><p>18 Prostomium with incised anterior margin................................................... Ceratonereis … 19</p><p>- Prostomium with entire anterior margin.................................................................. 23</p><p>19 Notopodial falcigers unidentate (without a small distal tooth)................................................. 20</p><p>- Notopodial falcigers bidentate (with a small distal tooth)..................................................... 21</p><p>20 Prechaetal lobes of anterior neuropodia extend slightly further than acicula lobe, postchaetal lobes of anterior neuropodia mostly subtriangular, two bright spots usually visible between front eyes and antennae bases........................................................................... Ceratonereis (Ceratonereis) perkinsi Hartmann-Schröder, 1985</p><p>- Prechaetal lobes of anterior neuropodia extend much further than acicula lobe, postchaetal lobes of anterior neuropodia broadly rounded, no bright spots between front eyes and antennae bases..................................................................................................... Ceratonereis singularis australis Hartmann-Schröder, 1985</p><p>21 Heterogomph falcigers in ventral fascicles of neuropodia bidentate....................................................................................... Ceratonereis (Ceratonereis) longiceratophora Hartmann-Schröder, 1985</p><p>- Heterogomph falcigers in ventral fascicles of neuropodia both bidentate and unidentate, or unidentate only............. 22</p><p>22 Dorsal notopodial ligules less than half as long as ventral notopodial ligules in posterior chaetigers......................................................................................... Ceratonereis mirabilis Kinberg, 1865 *</p><p>- Dorsal notopodial ligules slightly shorter than ventral notopodial ligules in all chaetigers................................................................................................. Ceratonereis tentaculata Kinberg, 1865</p><p>23 Neuropodial fused falcigers absent............................................. Composetia costae (Grube, 1840)</p><p>- Neuropodial fused falcigers present (in dorsal fascicles)......................................... Simplisetia … 24</p><p>24 Area III without paragnaths..................................... Simplisetia transversa (Hutchings &amp; Turvey, 1982)</p><p>- Area III with paragnaths.............................................................................. 25</p><p>25 Anterior neuropodia with digitiform postchaetal lobes....................................................... 26</p><p>- Anterior neuropodia without digitiform postchaetal lobes.................................................... 27</p><p>26 Area III with cones and domes; 19 paragnaths in total............... Simplisetia amphidonta (Hutchings &amp; Turvey, 1982)</p><p>- Area III with cones only; 41 paragnaths in total.......... Simplisetia lizardensis (Ben-Eliahu, Hutchings &amp; Glasby, 1984)</p><p>27 Area II with 2 curved rows of 10‒12 cones................................ Simplisetia erythraeensis (Fauvel, 1918)</p><p>- Area II with an oblique block of more than 25 cones........................... Simplisetia aequisetis (Augener, 1913)</p><p>28 Paragnaths with cones only; smooth bars if present only on Area IV............................................ 29</p><p>- Paragnaths with smooth bars on Area VI or p-bars in addition to cones, or pectinate bars only....................... 54</p><p>29 Notopodial homogomph falcigers present........................................................ Nereis … 30</p><p>- Notopodial homogomph falcigers absent................................................................. 41</p><p>30 Oral ring without paragnaths..................................... Nereis maxillodentata Hutchings &amp; Turvey, 1982</p><p>- Oral ring with paragnaths............................................................................. 31</p><p>31 Areas VII‒VIII with a narrow band of more than 40 paragnaths............................................... 32</p><p>- Areas VII‒VIII with one row of fewer than 20 paragnaths.................................................... 33</p><p>32 Notopodial homogomph falcigers present from chaetiger 3...................... Nereis cockburnensis Augener, 1913 *</p><p>- Notopodial homogomph falcigers present after chaetiger 10........................... Nereis jacksoni Kinberg, 1865</p><p>33 Simple hooks present in notopodia............................................. Nereis onychophora Horst, 1918</p><p>- Simple hooks absent................................................................................. 34</p><p>34 Blades of notopodial homogomph falcigers smooth......................................................... 35</p><p>- Blades of notopodial homogomph falcigers with lateral teeth................................................. 36</p><p>35 Area I with more than 5 paragnaths........................................... Nereis angusticollis Kinberg, 1865</p><p>- Area I with 0‒1 paragnaths........................................................... Nereis edentata n. sp. *</p><p>36 Blades of notopodial homogomph falcigers with at least one large lateral tooth, similar size to terminal tooth........... 37</p><p>- Blades of notopodial homogomph falcigers with smaller lateral teeth only....................................... 40</p><p>37 Notopodial homogomph falcigers present from chaetiger 3................................. Nereis yuedensis n. sp. *</p><p>- Notopodial homogomph falcigers present after chaetiger 10.................................................. 38</p><p>38 Dorsal notopodial ligules not reduced in posterior chaetigers..................... Nereis denhamensis Augener, 1913 *</p><p>- Dorsal notopodial ligules strongly reduced (or absent) in posterior chaetigers.................................... 39</p><p>39 Blades of notopodial homogomph falcigers with one large lateral tooth and variable number of much smaller teeth basally. Dorsal notopodial ligules much smaller but still visible in posterior chaetigers.... Nereis bifida Hutchings &amp; Turvey, 1982 *</p><p>- Blades of notopodial homogomph falcigers with 1‒2 large lateral teeth and much smaller teeth basally. Dorsal notopodial ligules absent in posterior chaetigers........................................ Nereis heirissonensis Augener, 1913 *</p><p>40 Area I without paragnaths. Area III with 0‒1 paragnaths.................... Nereis cirriseta Hutchings &amp; Turvey, 1982</p><p>- Areas I and III with more than one paragnath........................................ Nereis peroniensis Kott, 1951</p><p>41 Neurochaetae with spinigers only..................................... Nectoneanthes oxypoda (Marenzeller, 1879)</p><p>- Neurochaetae with spinigers and falcigers..................................................... Neanthes … 42</p><p>42 Notopodia with three well-developed ligules.............................................................. 43</p><p>- Notopodia with two well-developed ligules, small prechaetal lobes may present.................................. 46</p><p>43 Oral ring with a continuous band of paragnaths, 2‒5 deep....................... Neanthes cricognatha (Ehlers, 1904) *</p><p>- Oral ring with isolated groups of paragnaths.............................................................. 44</p><p>44 Area IV with smooth bars..................................................... Neanthes tasmani Bakken, 2002</p><p>- Area IV without smooth bars........................................................................... 45</p><p>45 Area VI with paragnaths....................................................... Neanthes bongcoi Pillai, 1965</p><p>- Area VI without paragnaths............................................... Neanthes pachychaeta (Fauvel, 1918)</p><p>46 Area IV with smooth bars....................................................... Neanthes bassi Wilson, 1984</p><p>- Area IV without smooth bars........................................................................... 47</p><p>47 Areas VII‒VIII with a continuous band of paragnaths, 2‒4 deep............................................... 48</p><p>- Areas VII‒VIII with 1‒2 rows of paragnaths.............................................................. 51</p><p>48 Area VI with centrally isolated group of paragnaths....................... Neanthes isolata Hutchings &amp; Turvey, 1982</p><p>- Area VI with 1‒2 rows of paragnaths.................................................................... 49</p><p>49 Area VI with one row of paragnaths. Areas VII‒VIII with usually fewer than 50 paragnaths......................................................................................... Neanthes uniseriata Hutchings &amp; Turvey, 1982</p><p>- Area VI with 2 rows of paragnaths. Areas VII‒VIII with usually more than 50 paragnaths........................................................................................... Neanthes biseriata Hutchings &amp; Turvey, 1982</p><p>50 Area I without paragnaths............................................................................. 51</p><p>- Area I with paragnaths................................................................................ 52</p><p>51 Small notopodial prechaetal lobes present................................. Neanthes kerguelensis (McIntosh, 1885)</p><p>- Notopodial prechaetal lobes absent............................................ Neanthes dawydovi (Fauvel, 1937)</p><p>52 Areas VII‒VIII with usually 2 rows of more than 30 paragnaths........................ Neanthes vaalii Kinberg, 1865</p><p>- Areas VII‒VIII with usually 1-2 rows of fewer than 20 paragnaths............................................. 53</p><p>53 Area VI with usually more than 5 paragnaths. Dark brown bands usually present on chaetiger 2.............................................................................................. Neanthes unifasciata (Willey, 1905) *</p><p>- Area VI with usually one paragnath......................................... Neanthes semperiana (Grube, 1878) +</p><p>54 Paragnaths with pectinate bars only......................................................... Platynereis … 55</p><p>- Paragnaths with smooth bars on Area VI or p-bars in addition to cones.......................................... 58</p><p>55 Notopodial homogomph falcigers present from chaetiger 3‒5. Areas VII‒VIII with one row of paragnaths.............................................................................. Platynereis uniseris Hutchings &amp; Reid, 1991 *</p><p>- Notopodial homogomph falcigers present after chaetiger 12. Areas VII‒VIII with 2‒3 rows of paragnaths.............. 56</p><p>56 Notopodial homogomph falcigers absent in adults............................ Platynereis australis (Schmarda, 1861)</p><p>- Notopodial homogomph falcigers present in posterior chaetigers.............................................. 57</p><p>57 Notopodial homogomph falcigers present from chaetiger 13‒17. Blades of homogomph falcigers smooth................................................................................. Platynereis polyscalma Chamberlin, 1919 *</p><p>- Notopodial homogomph falcigers present from chaetiger 21‒30. Blades of homogomph falcigers with fine serrations........................................................................... Platynereis antipoda Hartman, 1954 *</p><p>58 Paragnaths with smooth bars on Area VI in addition to cones..................................... Perinereis … 59</p><p>- Paragnaths with p-bars in addition to cones................................................. Pseudonereis … 73</p><p>59 Area VI with one smooth bar.......................................................................... 60</p><p>- Area VI with more than one smooth bar.................................................................. 64</p><p>60 Area IV with smooth bars in addition to cones............................. Perinereis amblyodonta (Schmarda, 1861)</p><p>- Area IV without smooth bars........................................................................... 61</p><p>61 Areas VII‒VIII without paragnaths............................................. Perinereis suluana (Horst, 1924)</p><p>- Areas VII‒VIII with paragnaths........................................................................ 62</p><p>62 Area V with 1 paragnath (rarely 2)........................................... Perinereis obfuscata (Grube, 1878)</p><p>- Area V with 3 paragnaths (rarely 1)..................................................................... 63</p><p>63 Notopodial ligules not greatly expanded posteriorly; Area III with 9‒20 paragnaths; greenish-brown pigment anterodorsally.......................................................................... Perinereis helleri (Grube, 1878) *</p><p>- Notopodial ligules greatly expanded posteriorly; Area III with 21‒35 paragnaths; dark brown to black anterodorsally.......................................................................... Perinereis nigropunctata (Horst, 1889)</p><p>64 Area VI with 2 smooth bars............................................................................ 65</p><p>- Area VI with more than 2 smooth bars................................................................... 68</p><p>65 Area I with more than 3 paragnaths. Area III with fewer than 10 paragnaths..... Perinereis variodentata (Augener, 1913) *</p><p>- Area I with fewer than 4 paragnaths. Area III with more than 10 paragnaths..................................... 66</p><p>66 Dorsal notopodial ligules reduced in posterior chaetigers....................... Perinereis aibuhitensis (Grube, 1878)</p><p>- Dorsal notopodial ligules not reduced in posterior chaetigers................................................. 67</p><p>67 Area IV with fewer than 37 paragnaths. Areas VII‒VIII with 2 rows of fewer than 57 paragnaths.......................................................................................... Perinereis singaporiensis (Grube, 1878)</p><p>- Area IV with more than 39 paragnaths. Areas VII‒VIII with 2-5 rows of more than 57 paragnaths............................................................................................ Perinereis vancaurica (Ehlers, 1868)</p><p>68 Area IV with smooth bars in addition to cones............................................................. 69</p><p>- Area IV with cones only; smooth bars absent.............................................................. 71</p><p>69 Areas VII‒VIII with a band of minute paragnaths in addition to a band of large paragnaths anteriorly...................................................................................... Perinereis akuna Wilson &amp; Glasby, 1993</p><p>- Areas VII‒VIII with a band of large paragnaths only........................................................ 70</p><p>70 Area II with fewer than 5 paragnaths.............................. Perinereis broomensis Hartmann-Schröder, 1979</p><p>- Area II with more than 5 paragnaths............................................ Perinereis vallata (Grube, 1857)</p><p>71 Area II without paragnaths............................................... Perinereis caeruleis (Hoagland, 1920)</p><p>- Area II with paragnaths............................................................................... 72</p><p>72 Area III with fewer than 4 paragnaths. Area VI with cones in addition to smooth bars. Areas VII-VIII with more than 2 rows of paragnaths.............................................................. Perinereis brevicirris (Grube, 1866)</p><p>- Area III with more than 7 paragnaths. Area VI without cones. Areas VII‒VIII with 2 rows of paragnaths......................................................................................... Perinereis nuntia (Lamarck, 1818)</p><p>73 Notopodial homogomph falcigers present in posterior chaetigers................. Pseudonereis anomala Gravier, 1899 *</p><p>- Notopodial homogomph falcigers absent................................................................. 74</p><p>74 Area VI with cones................................................ Pseudonereis rottnestiana (Augener, 1913) *</p><p>- Area VI with shield-shaped bars.......................................... Pseudonereis trimaculata (Horst, 1924)</p><p>*These species were found in the present study.</p><p>+ Neanthes semperiana (Grube, 1878) was originally described as Nereis (Lycoris) semperiana with no information on composition of notochaetae and neurochaetae (Grube 1878). Augener (1922a) stated that Nereis semperiana from the Kimberley coasts, North-West Australia has homogomph spinigers in the notopodia, homogomph spinigers and heterogomph in the dorsal fascicles of neuropodia, and heterogomph spinigers and falcigers in the ventral fascicles of neuropodia. Notopodial falcigers are absent in this description [Ich habe in zwei Präparaten hinterer Ruder am Dorsalast keine Sichelborsten gefunden, solche fehlen daher mit Bestimmtheit] (Augener 1922a), thus we moved this species to Neanthes .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87E56659FFCC0FC3093BFB60FE76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto	Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto (2023): Nereididae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from intertidal macroalgae in Western Australia. Zootaxa 5239 (2): 151-203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.2.1
