identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038C94696D27FFDD9AB4FB9FFBC5F90F.text	038C94696D27FFDD9AB4FB9FFBC5F90F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glenosema Kieffer 1905	<div><p>Glenosema Kieffer, 1905</p><p>Kieffer 1905, 29: 100. Type species Glenosema nigra Kieffer, 1905 by subsequent monotypy by Kieffer &amp; Marshall 1904 – 1906, 9: 431–432.</p><p>Arysepyris Kieffer, 1905, 29: 102. Type species Arysepyris merceti Kieffer, 1905 by original designation. Synonymy by Berland 1928, 130–131.</p><p>Diagnosis. Antenna with 11 flagellomeres. Mandible with five distal teeth (♂) or seven (♀). Upper margin of mandible denticulate (♀), with a few exceptions. Occipital carina complete. Notauli absent. Parapsidal signal absent only in micro- and brachypterous forms. Mesonotum divided into anteromesoscutum and mesoscutellaraxillary complex, but transscutal fissure not clearly outlined in micro- and brachypterous forms. Tegula present in all forms. Forewing of macropterous forms with three (C, R and 1Cu) or two closed cells (R and 1Cu), 2r-rs&amp;Rs always present, tubular, long.</p><p>Remarks. Krombein (1996) stated that the gender of Glenosema is neuter rather than feminine. The term “sema” from Greek is a neuter noun and means mark or sign (Denis Brothers, pers. com.). Thus, all the previous specific names included under Glenosema are now treated as neuter (see Table 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C94696D27FFDD9AB4FB9FFBC5F90F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Azevedo, Celso O.;Noort, Simon Van	Azevedo, Celso O., Noort, Simon Van (2019): Review of Afrotropical Glenosema Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of 13 new species. Zootaxa 4585 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.3.1
038C94696D27FFDE9AB4F921FA74FDCE.text	038C94696D27FFDE9AB4F921FA74FDCE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glenosema Kieffer 1905	<div><p>Key to Afrotropical species of Glenosema (♀)</p><p>1. Fully winged forms (Fig. 7B)............................................................................ 2</p><p>- Micropterous or brachypterous forms (Fig. 1B).............................................................. 4</p><p>2. Head barrel-shaped, distinctly longer than wide; median clypeal lobe trapezoidal (Fig. 7C)........... G. umphanda sp. nov.</p><p>- Head progressively widening anterad, distinctly wider than long; median clypeal lobe pointed......................... 3</p><p>3. Forewing with two distinct infuscate areas, 2r-rs&amp;Rs vein much shorter than M+Cu vein; median clypeal lobe not crenulate............................................................................................... G. durum</p><p>- Forewing not bifasciate, 2r-rs&amp;Rs vein about as long as M+Cu vein; median clypeal lobe crenulate.......... G. denteatum</p><p>4. Body robust, head and metapectal-propodeal disc much wider than long (Fig. 3B, C)..................... G. deki sp. nov.</p><p>- Body slender, head and metapectal-propodeal disc longer than wide (Fig. 6B, C)................................... 5</p><p>5. Head barrel-shaped, distinctly longer than wide, at least 1.2 × as long as wide; eye small, VOL at least 2.0 × HE (Fig. 6C)....................................................................................... G. umphanda sp. nov.</p><p>- Head wider at eye level, at most 1.1 × as long as wide; eye large, VOL at most 1.5 × HE (Fig. 5C)..................... 6</p><p>6. Mesoscutum-mesoscutellar suture absent (Fig. 4B).......................................................... 7</p><p>- Mesoscutum-mesoscutellar suture present (Fig. 1B).......................................................... 8</p><p>7. WF ~1.2 × HE; OOL ~3.6 × WOT; VOL ~1.0 × HE (Fig. 5C); mesoscutellum bulging, surface convex in profile (Fig. 5B)........................................................................................... G. tyaba sp. nov.</p><p>- WF ~1.6 × HE; OOL ~4.1 × WOT; VOL ~1.3 × HE (Fig. 4C); mesoscutellum flat, surface straight in profile (Fig. 4B).......................................................................................... G. ebazileyo sp. nov.</p><p>8. Head and mesosoma light castaneous (Fig. 1A); metapectal-propodeal disc strigate (Fig. 1B)................. G. niloticum</p><p>- Head and mesosoma dark castaneous, black or nearly so (Fig. 2A); metapectal-propodeal disc areolate (Fig. 2B).......... 8</p><p>9. Metapostnotal-propodeal carina irregular and incomplete; paraspiracular carina short....................... G. elevatum</p><p>- Metapostnotal-propodeal and paraspiracular carinae absent (Fig. 2B)............................. G. qaqambile sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C94696D27FFDE9AB4F921FA74FDCE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Azevedo, Celso O.;Noort, Simon Van	Azevedo, Celso O., Noort, Simon Van (2019): Review of Afrotropical Glenosema Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of 13 new species. Zootaxa 4585 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.3.1
038C94696D24FFDE9AB4FD60FA74FAB7.text	038C94696D24FFDE9AB4FD60FA74FAB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glenosema Kieffer 1905	<div><p>Key to Afrotropical species of Glenosema (Ƌ)</p><p>1. Metapectal-propodeal disc distinctly wider than long (Fig. 11B)................................................ 2</p><p>- Metapectal-propodeal disc as long as or longer than wide (Fig. 9B).............................................. 5</p><p>2. Dorsal arm of paramere about as wide as ventral one (Fig. 14D)................................................. 3</p><p>- Dorsal arm of paramere about twice as wide as ventral one (Fig. 12D)............................................ 4</p><p>3. Parameral dorsal arm shorter than ventral one, dorsal margin of parameral ventral arm outcurved (Fig. 12D).................................................................................................... G. mxinwa sp. nov.</p><p>- Parameral dorsal arm as long as ventral one, dorsal margin of parameral ventral arm angled (Fig. 13D).... G. lingana sp. nov.</p><p>4. Ventral arm of paramere lanceolate-shaped, almost evenly narrow, apex little sharp; dorsal margin of basiparamere expanded (Fig. 14D)............................................................................ G. uphahla sp. nov.</p><p>- Ventral arm of paramere spatulate-shaped, narrow basally and progressively widening subapically and apex rounded; basiparamere not expanded (Fig. 11D)........................................................... G. icephe sp. nov.</p><p>5. Head and mesosoma yellowish, contrasting with dark castaneous metasoma (Fig. 15A).................. G. tyheli sp. nov.</p><p>- Head and mesosoma as black as metasoma (Fig. 10A)........................................................ 6</p><p>6. Body robust and large, more than 2.5 mm long; head about as wide as long (Fig. 8C); tips of mesoscutellar sulcus blunt; metapectal-propodeal disc as long as wide (Fig. 8B).......................................................... 7</p><p>- Body slender and small, less than 2.0 mm long; head longer than wide (Fig. 10C); tips of mesoscutellar sulcus rounded; metapectal-propodeal disc longer than wide (Fig. 10B)........................................ G. ahlukileyo sp. nov.</p><p>7. Malar space subquadrate and large, about 0.6 × as wide as long and 0.3 × HE; ocellar triangle somewhat compact, OOL about 2.2 × WOT (Fig. 8C)...................................................................... G. banzi sp. nov.</p><p>- Malar space rectangular and small, about 0.4 × as wide as long and 0.5 × HE; ocellar triangle not compact, OOL about 1.5 × WOT (Fig. 9C)......................................................................... G. bubanzi sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C94696D24FFDE9AB4FD60FA74FAB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Azevedo, Celso O.;Noort, Simon Van	Azevedo, Celso O., Noort, Simon Van (2019): Review of Afrotropical Glenosema Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of 13 new species. Zootaxa 4585 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.3.1
038C94696D24FFDF9AB4FA76FE5CFC09.text	038C94696D24FFDF9AB4FA76FE5CFC09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glenosema niloticum (Kieffer 1921)	<div><p>Glenosema niloticum (Kieffer, 1921)</p><p>Fig. 1</p><p>Arysepyris niloticus Kieffer, 1921: 113 (description); Kieffer 1924: 226 (description, misstated as new species).</p><p>Glenosema nilotica: Gordh &amp; Móczár 1990: 111 (catalog).</p><p>Redescription, holotype ♀. Body length: 2.8 mm. Forewing length: 0.03 mm.</p><p>Colour. Head, mandible, antenna castaneous, mesosoma and tegula castaneous, legs light castaneous; metasoma dark castaneous.</p><p>Head. Mandible 0.73 × LH, only slightly widened distally, with seven distal teeth, lower tooth large, visible in full frontal view, six upper teeth in little inclined series, dorsal margin denticulate. Clypeus very short, its surface subvertical but perceptible in full dorsal view, triangular in frontal view, apical margin slightly upcurved in frontal view, lateral lobe absent; median clypeal carina absent. Antennal foramina distant each other almost 3.0 × antennal foramen diameter. First four antennomeres in ratio 40:27:6:11. Scape long and curved, slightly wider subdistally; pedicel more than 3.0 × as long as wide; flagellomeres longer than wide; flagellar pubescence dense, short and suberect. Eye suboval, mid-sized, placed at middle-dorsal area of head in lateral view. Frons weakly coriaceous, punctures small, shallow, but conspicuous, irregularly distant one another. LH 0.98 × WH. WF 0.66 × WH. WF 2.12 × HE. OOL 2.88 × WOT. VOL 1.48 × HE. Distance of posterior ocellus to vertex crest 4.6 × DAO. Distance of anterior ocellus to supra-ocular line 3.4 × DAO. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle very acute; ocelli tiny, hardly seen at median magnification, but larger than punctures; ocellar triangle elongate, POL 3.0 × DAO. Vertex almost straight medially. Sides of head posterior to eye converging posterad.</p><p>Mesosoma. Weakly coriaceous. Dorsal pronotal area subquadrate, longer than wide; slope of pronotal collar almost vertical in profile. Mesonotum divided into anteromesoscutum and mesoscutellar-axillary complex, transscutal fissure not clearly outlined. Anteromesoscutum very short, transverse, its surface flat and inclined backward in profile, shorter than mesoscutellum, without notauli and parapsidal signal. Mesoscutellar-axillary complex short, transverse, its surface very convex in profile, mesoscutellar sulcus conspicuous, arched, not dilated laterally. Metanotum not visible dorsally. Metapectal-propodeal disc strigate, median length 1.11 × median width, metapostnotal median and paraspiracular carinae absent, lateral carina present; transverse posterior carina complete; spiracle elliptical, small, placed at lateral surface. Propodeal declivity strongly areolate, surface subvertical, flat, median carina absent. Mesopleuron with surface convex. Micropterous, forewing reaching anterior transverse carina of metapectal-propodeal disc. Mesotibia not spinose.</p><p>Metasoma. Elongate, 1.4 × mesosoma. Weakly coriaceous.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, {SUDAN} Aegypt Sudan, Khartum, 14–16.II1914, Ebner [col.], 58e (MNHW).</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is known only from the holotype, a micropterous female. Some features stated in the original description are corrected here, such as the mandibles, which have seven distal teeth rather than five; the ocelli, albeit small are present; and the malar space is also present.</p><p>Distribution. Sudan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C94696D24FFDF9AB4FA76FE5CFC09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Azevedo, Celso O.;Noort, Simon Van	Azevedo, Celso O., Noort, Simon Van (2019): Review of Afrotropical Glenosema Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of 13 new species. Zootaxa 4585 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.3.1
038C94696D22FFD99AB4FF6FFE38FB99.text	038C94696D22FFD99AB4FF6FFE38FB99.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glenosema qaqambile Azevedo & Noort 2019	<div><p>Glenosema qaqambile Azevedo &amp; van Noort sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Description, holotype ♀. Body length: 3.2 mm. Forewing length: shorter than tegula.</p><p>Colour. Head black and brilliant, mandible and antenna castaneous, palpi light castaneous; mesosoma black and brilliant, except anterior part of pronotal collar dark castaneous, tegula dark castaneous, legs dark castaneous, with tarsi light castaneous; metasoma dark castaneous.</p><p>Head. Mandible 0.67 × LH, only slightly widened distally, with seven distal teeth, lower tooth large, not visible in full frontal view, completely directed inward, three upper teeth in inclined series, both dorsal and ventral margins denticulate, last two dorsal teeth conspicuous. Clypeus very short, its surface subvertical but perceptible in full dorsal view, triangular in frontal view, apical margin with median callus, almost straight in frontal view, lateral lobe absent; median clypeal carina absent. Antennal foramina distant each other about 2.0 × antennal foramen diameter. First four antennomeres in ratio 30:14:6:10. Scape long and curved, slightly wider subdistally; pedicel about 2.0 × as long as wide; flagellomeres longer than wide; flagellar pubescence dense, short and sub-erect. Eye subcircular, small, placed at middle-dorsal area of head in lateral view, with few short setae. Frons polished, punctures small, shallow, but conspicuous, irregularly distant one another, frontal line sulcate, short and inconspicuous. LH 1.02 × WH. WF 0.22 × WH. WF 1.1 × HE. OOL 0.3 × WOT. VOL 0.81 × HE. Distance of posterior ocellus to vertex crest 1.0 × DAO. Distance of anterior ocellus to supra-ocular line 4.25 × DAO. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle very acute; ocelli tiny, hardly seen at median magnification, only slightly larger than punctures; ocellar triangle elongate, POL 2.0 × DAO. Vertex almost straight medially. Sides of head posterior to eye converging posterad. Occipital carina complete. Malar space very small and triangular, eye almost touching dorsal mandibular condyle. Hypostomal carina evenly slightly curved, not angled medially. Palpal formula 6:3.</p><p>Mesosoma. Dorsal pronotal area polished, subquadrate, longer than wide; slope of pronotal collar almost vertical in profile. Mesonotum coriaceous, divided into anteromesoscutum and mesoscutellar-axillary complex, transscutal fissure not clearly outlined. Anteromesoscutum very short, transverse, its surface flat and inclined backward in profile, shorter than mesoscutellum, without notauli and parapsidal signal. Mesoscutellar-axillary complex very short, transverse, its surface very convex in profile, mesoscutellar sulcus almost short, occupying about one third of mesoscutum width, inconspicuous, narrow, shallow, straight, badly dilated laterally. Metanotum not visible dorsally. Metapectal-propodeal disc coriaceous, surface convex, very sparsely and shortly setose, median length 1.4 × median width, metapostnotal median carina absent, but with narrow longitudinal polished band; sublateral and lateral carinae absent; posterior carina complete, sharp and high; spiracle elliptical, small, placed at lateral surface. Propodeal declivity with its surface subvertical, almost flat, median carina absent. Prosternum small and concave. Mesopleuron with its surface convex, evenly convex in dorsal view. Micropterous, forewing not visible, entirely covered by tegula. Mesotibia not spinose. Tarsal claw arched with small medial tooth.</p><p>Metasoma. Elongate, 1.67 × mesosoma. Weakly coriaceous. Petiole with half-dome protuberance on ventral surface, with longitudinal carinate-shaped line.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, Tanzania, Mkomazi Game Res., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.9666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.8/lat -3.9666667)">Ibaya</a>, 3°58’S 37°48’E, 23 Dec 1995, A. Russell-Smith, ex. pitfall traps, Burnt hillside (SAM-HYM-P 020200) . Paratypes. Tanzania, same data as holotype except 19 Jan 1996 (1♀), 21 Jan 1996 (1♀), 24 Jan 1996 (1♀) (SAM-HYM-P02 0 280, SAM-HYM-P 020284, SAM-HYM-P02 0 248, respectively) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to G. ebazileyo sp. nov. and G. tyaba sp. nov. by having the same ground plan with the eyes placed well forward on the head; the ocellar triangle elongate, forming a very acute frontal angle; the head not developed anterior to eyes at all; the anteromesoscutum short; and the wings micropterous. This species, however, has the mesoscutellar sulcus, whereas the other two similar species do not.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet qaqambile is an adjective from IsiXhosa, which means bright, in allusion to the general bright color of the body.</p><p>Distribution. Tanzania.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C94696D22FFD99AB4FF6FFE38FB99	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Azevedo, Celso O.;Noort, Simon Van	Azevedo, Celso O., Noort, Simon Van (2019): Review of Afrotropical Glenosema Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of 13 new species. Zootaxa 4585 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.3.1
038C94696D23FFDB9AB4FB9CFE16FE01.text	038C94696D23FFDB9AB4FB9CFE16FE01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glenosema deki Azevedo & Noort 2019	<div><p>Glenosema deki Azevedo &amp; van Noort, sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Description, holotype ♀. Body length 2.9 mm. Forewing length 0.1 mm.</p><p>Colour. Head black, mandible and antenna castaneous, palpi light castaneous; mesosoma black, except anterior part of pronotal collar and posterior margin of mesoscutellum dark castaneous, tegula castaneous, wings hyaline with vein light castaneous, legs castaneous, with tarsi light castaneous; metasoma with anterior terga almost black and posterior terga and sternites castaneous.</p><p>Head. Mandible 0.78 × LH, only slightly widened distally, cross-section thick and subtriangular, with seven distal teeth, lower tooth large, not visible in full frontal view, completely directed inward, three upper teeth in inclined series, dorsal margin placed at midheight of inner surface, very little denticulate on distal half, ventral margin not denticulate. Clypeus very short, its surface vertical, almost imperceptible in full dorsal view, triangular in frontal view, apical margin almost straight in frontal view, lateral lobe absent; median clypeal carina absent. Antennal foramina distant each other about 2.8 × antennal foramen diameter. First four antennomeres in ratio 22:12:5:5. Scape long and curved, evenly wide along its extension; pedicel longer than wide; flagellomeres about as long as wide, except last one distinctly longer than wide; flagellar pubescence dense, short and sub-erect. Eye with sparse and short setae, subtriangular, small, placed at dorsal half of head in lateral view. Frons coriaceous, punctures small, shallow, but conspicuous, irregularly distant one another; frontal line sulcate, short and inconspicuous. LH 0.82 × WH. WF 0.72 × WH. WF 3.92 × HE. OOL 1.9 × WOT. VOL 2.08 × HE. Distance of posterior ocellus to vertex crest 4.0 × DAO. Distance of anterior ocellus to supra-ocular line 3.0 × DAO. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute; ocelli tiny, hardly seen at median magnification, only slightly larger than punctures; ocellar triangle broad, POL 4.0 × DAO. Vertex almost straight medially. Sides of head posterior to eye parallel for short distance. Occipital carina complete. Malar space very small and triangular, eye almost touching dorsal mandibular condyle. Hypostomal carina evenly slightly curved, not angled medially.</p><p>Mesosoma. Coriaceous as frons. Dorsal pronotal area trapezoidal, wider than long; slope of pronotal collar almost vertical in profile. Mesonotum divided into anteromesoscutum and mesoscutellar-axillary complex, clearly separated by transscutal fissure. Anteromesoscutum very short, transverse, its surface flat in profile, about as long as mesoscutellum, without notauli and parapsidal signal. Mesoscutellar-axillary complex very short, transverse, its surface convex in profile, mesoscutellar sulcus almost crossing all anterior margin of mesoscutellum, conspicuous, deep, evenly slightly arched, not dilated laterally. Metanotum almost entirely covered by mesoscutellum. Metapectal-propodeal disc coriaceous, surface convex, conspicuously setose on anterior corner, median length 0.55 × median width, metapostnotal median carina conspicuous and complete; paraspiracular carina absent; lateral carina present and conspicuous; posterior carina complete; spiracle small, placed at dorsal surface attached to lateral carina. Propodeal declivity with its surface vertical and concave, median carina very inconspicuous, almost indistinguishable from surface. Prosternum small and concave. Mesopleuron with its surface strongly convex, dorsal area with subangularly produced protuberance. Micropterous, forewing reaching anterior transverse carina of metapectal-propodeal disc. Mesotibia subspinose. Tarsal claw arched with small medial tooth.</p><p>Metasoma. Slightly less coriaceous than frons. Metasomal tergite 3 with delicate median suture, carinate-like.</p><p>Variation. The body of the paratype is slightly shorter, with the head not as wide as in the holotype, but still much wider than long (LH 0.92 × WH).</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, S. Africa, N. Cape, West Driefontein farm, Succulent Karoo 2 site (10.7 km 109° ESE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.225117&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.37635" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.225117/lat -31.37635)">Nieuwoudtville</a>), 31°22.581’S 19°13.507’E, Succulent Karoo on shales, 12–19 Oct 2000, HG Robertson, D Larsen, R Adams; Winkler, NW 00-SK2-W06 (SAM-HYM-P0024535) . Paratype: South Africa, Northern Cape: 1♀, Hantam National Botanical Garden, 741m, 31°24.182′S 19°08.587′E, 27 January–2 March 2009, S van Noort, Yellow pan trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.143116&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.403034" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.143116/lat -31.403034)">Nieuwoudtville</a> Shale Renosterveld, GL 07-REN3-Y40 (SAM-HYM-P08745) ; 1♀, Tankwa National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.097067&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.245068" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.097067/lat -32.245068)">Renoster River</a>, 490m, 32°14.704'S 20°05.824'E, 9 Dec 2014 – 10 Jan 2015, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, Acacia karoo thicket, Tanqua Wash Riviere, Succulent Karoo, TKW14-ACA1-M14 (SAM-HYM- P08746) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species differs from all other Afrotropical species of the genus by having a combination of several differences, the most evident are the wide head, the ocellar triangle not so far off the imaginary line between the dorsal eye margins, the mandibles in cross-section thick and subtriangular, and the metapectalpropodeal disc distinctly wider posterior with trapezoidal shape; and brachypterous.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet deki is an adjective from IsiXhosa, which means thick, in allusion to the mandible with thick cross-section.</p><p>Distribution. South Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C94696D23FFDB9AB4FB9CFE16FE01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Azevedo, Celso O.;Noort, Simon Van	Azevedo, Celso O., Noort, Simon Van (2019): Review of Afrotropical Glenosema Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of 13 new species. Zootaxa 4585 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.3.1
038C94696D21FFD49AB4FE24FE16FDB4.text	038C94696D21FFD49AB4FE24FE16FDB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glenosema ebazileyo Azevedo & Noort 2019	<div><p>Glenosema ebazileyo Azevedo &amp; van Noort, sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>Description, holotype ♀. Body length 2.0 mm. Forewing length: shorter than tegula.</p><p>Colour. Head black, mandible, antenna and palpi castaneous; mesosoma black, except anterior part of pronotal collar and posterior border of pronotal disc dark castaneous, tegula castaneous, legs castaneous, with tarsi light castaneous; metasoma dark castaneous with posterior half of each segment lighter.</p><p>Head. Mandible 0.71 × LH, only slightly widened distally, with seven distal teeth, lower tooth large, not visible in full frontal view, completely directed inward, six upper teeth in little inclined series, both dorsal and ventral margins denticulate, last dorsal tooth conspicuous. Clypeus very short, its surface subvertical but perceptible in full dorsal view, triangular in frontal view, apical margin with median callus, almost straight in frontal view, lateral lobe absent; median clypeal carina absent. Antennal foramina distant each other about 2.7 × antennal foramen diameter. First four antennomeres in ratio of 25:13:5:6. Scape long and curved, slightly wider subdistally; pedicel about 2.0 × as long as wide; proximal flagellomeres slightly longer than wide, progressively lengthening distad; flagellar pubescence dense, short and sub-erect. Eye subtriangular, small, placed at middle-dorsal area of head in lateral view, with few short setae. Frons from polished to weakly coriaceous anteriorly, punctures very small, but conspicuous, shallow, sparse; frontal line absent, area elevated but not forming carina. LH 1.05 × WH. WF 0.62 × WH. WF 1.57 × HE. OOL 4.13 × WOT. VOL 1.32 × HE. Distance of posterior ocellus to vertex crest 0.5 × DAO. Distance of anterior ocellus to supra-ocular line 6.5 × DAO. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle very acute; ocelli tiny, hardly seen at median magnification, only slightly larger than punctures; ocellar triangle elongate, POL 1.2 × DAO. Vertex almost straight medially. Sides of head posterior to eye converging posterad. Occipital carina complete. Malar space very small and triangular, eye almost touching dorsal mandibular condyle. Hypostomal carina evenly slightly curved, not angled medially. Palpal formula 6:3.</p><p>Mesosoma. Dorsal pronotal area polished centrally and weakly coriaceous peripherally, subquadrate, slightly longer than wide; slope of pronotal collar almost vertical in profile. Mesonotum coriaceous, divided into anteromesoscutum and mesoscutellar-axillary complex, transscutal fissure not outlined. Anteromesoscutum very short, transverse, its surface flat and inclined backward in profile, shorter than mesoscutellum, without notauli and parapsidal signal. Mesoscutellar-axillary complex very short, transverse, its surface inclined forward in profile, mesoscutellar sulcus absent. Metanotum not visible dorsally. Metapectal-propodeal disc mostly weakly coriaceous with small antero-central area polished, surface little convex, very sparsely and shortly setose, median length 1.16 × median width, metapostnotal median carina absent; sublateral and lateral carinae absent; posterior carina complete; spiracle elliptical, small, placed at lateral surface. Propodeal declivity with its surface subvertical, flat, median carina absent. Prosternum small and concave. Mesopleuron with its surface convex, evenly convex in dorsal view. Micropterous, forewing not visible, entirely covered by tegula. Mesotibia not spinose. Tarsal claw arched with small medial tooth.</p><p>Metasoma. Elongate, 1.5 × mesosoma. Anterior half of each tergum polished and posterior half weakly coriaceous. Petiole with half-dome protuberance on ventral surface, with longitudinal carinate-shaped line.</p><p>Variation. Head, pronotal disc, legs, metasoma lighter. General texture stronger, especially in the metapectalpropodeal disc. Median clypeal callus more conspicuous. Anteromesoscutum longer, almost as long as mesoscutellar-axillary complex.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, South Africa, Western Cape, Jacobsbaai, N of Saldanha Bay, 32°58’S 17°54’E, 7 Oct–7 Nov 1996, H.G. Roberston, ex pitfall trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.9/lat -32.966667)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-A027209) . Paratypes. South Africa, Western Cape: 1♀ Jacobsbaai, N of Saldanha Bay, 602 m, 32°58’S 17°54’E, 0 7 November-13 December 1996, H.G. Roberston, ex pitfall trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.9/lat -32.966667)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-P08747) ; 1♀, Jacobsbaai, N of Saldanha Bay, 32°58’S 17°54’E, 13 March–16 April 1997, H.G. Roberston, ex pitfall trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.9/lat -32.966667)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-P08748) ; S. Africa, N. Cape: 1♀, Charlie’s Hoek farm, Charlie’s site (4.60 km 60° ENE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.144367&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.345917" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.144367/lat -31.345917)">Nieuwoudtville</a>), 31°20.755’S 19°08.662’E, Natural veg. on dolerite, 12–19 Oct 2000, HG Robertson, D Larsen, R Adams; pitfall, NW00-DN1-P05 (SAM-HYM-P0024536) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to G. qaqambile sp. nov. and G. tyaba sp. nov. by having the same ground plan (see Diagnosis of G. qaqambile sp. nov.). This species, however, has the anteromesoscutum and the mesoscutellum flat and both surfaces inclined toward each other, whereas in the other similar species the anteromesoscutum and the mesoscutellum are concave in profile.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet ebazileyo is an adjective from IsiXhosa, which means acute, in allusion to the very acute frontal angle of the ocellar triangle.</p><p>Distribution. South Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C94696D21FFD49AB4FE24FE16FDB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Azevedo, Celso O.;Noort, Simon Van	Azevedo, Celso O., Noort, Simon Van (2019): Review of Afrotropical Glenosema Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of 13 new species. Zootaxa 4585 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.3.1
038C94696D2EFFD69AB4F937FE16FC2C.text	038C94696D2EFFD69AB4F937FE16FC2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glenosema tyaba Azevedo & Noort 2019	<div><p>Glenosema tyaba Azevedo &amp; van Noort, sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 5</p><p>Description, holotype ♀. Body length 2.3 mm. Forewing length: shorter than tegula.</p><p>Colour. Body, antenna, legs dark castaneous, mandible, palpi, tegula and tarsi castaneous.</p><p>Head. Mandible 0.65 × LH, only slightly widened distally, with seven distal teeth, lower tooth large, not visible in full frontal view, completely directed inward, six upper teeth in little inclined series, both dorsal and ventral margins denticulate, last dorsal tooth conspicuous. Clypeus very short, its surface subvertical, perceptible in full dorsal view, triangular in frontal view, apical margin with median callus, almost straight in frontal view, lateral lobe absent; median clypeal carina absent. Antennal foramina distant each other about 2.0 × antennal foramen diameter. First four antennomeres in ratio 25:13:5:6. Scape long and curved, slightly wider subdistally; pedicel about 2.2 × as long as wide; proximal flagellomeres slightly longer than wide, progressively lengthening distad; flagellar pubescence dense, short and sub-erect. Eye subtriangular, small, placed at middle-dorsal area of head in lateral view, with few short setae. Frons from polished to weakly coriaceous anteriorly, punctures very small, but conspicuous, shallow, sparse; frontal line absent, area elevated but not forming carina. LH 1.1 × WH. WF 0.59 × WH. WF 1.17 × HE. OOL 3.59 × WOT. VOL 1.0 × HE. Distance of posterior ocellus to vertex crest 0.5 × DAO. Distance of anterior ocellus to supra-ocular line 9.0 × DAO. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle very acute; ocelli tiny, hardly seen at median magnification, only somewhat larger than punctures; ocellar triangle elongate, POL 2.5 × DAO. Vertex badly convex medially. Sides of head posterior to eye converging posterad. Occipital carina complete. Malar space very small and triangular, eye almost touching dorsal mandibular condyle. Hypostomal carina evenly slightly curved, not angled medially. Palpal formula 6:3.</p><p>Mesosoma. Dorsal pronotal area weakly coriaceous, subrectangular, longer than wide; slope of pronotal collar almost vertical in profile. Mesonotum weakly coriaceous, divided into anteromesoscutum and mesoscutellaraxillary complex, transscutal fissure not outlined. Anteromesoscutum very short, transverse, its surface flat and inclined backward in profile, shorter than mesoscutellum, without notauli and parapsidal signal. Mesoscutellaraxillary complex very short, transverse, its surface convex in profile, mesoscutellar sulcus absent. Metanotum not visible dorsally. Metapectal-propodeal disc weakly coriaceous, surface little convex, very sparsely and shortly setose, median length 1.32 × median width, metapostnotal median, sublateral and lateral carinae absent; posterior carina complete; spiracle elliptical, small, placed at lateral surface. Propodeal declivity coriaceous, its surface subvertical, slightly concave, median carina absent. Prosternum small and concave. Mesopleuron coriaceous, its surface convex. Micropterous, forewing not visible, entirely covered by tegula. Mesotibia not spinose. Tarsal claw arched and simple.</p><p>Metasoma. 1.36 × mesosoma; weakly coriaceous; petiole with half-dome protuberance on ventral surface, with longitudinal carinate-shaped line.</p><p>Variation. Body lighter in general, pronotal disc lighter; anteromesoscutum with surface slightly convex in profile. The specimen from Avondale farm is somewhat different from those from Jacobsbaai. It has the metapectal-propodeal disc black, the head and the frons wider, because of that the distance of the anterior ocellus to the imaginary line between the eye tops is shorter (only 0.5 × DAO).</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, South Africa, Western Cape, Jacobsbaai, N of Saldanha Bay, 32°58’S 17°54’E, 13 March–16 April 1997, H.G. Roberston, ex pitfall trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.9/lat -32.966667)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-P08749) . Paratypes. South Africa, Western Cape: 1♀ same data as holotype (SAM-HYM-P087450); 1♀, Jacobsbaai, N of Saldanha Bay, 32°58’S 17°54’E, 602 m, 0 7 November–13 December 1996, H.G. Roberston, ex pitfall trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.9/lat -32.966667)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-P087451) ; 2♀, Jacobsbaai, N of Saldanha Bay, 32°58’S 17°54’E, 0 7 Oct–07 Nov 1996, H.G. Roberston, ex pitfall trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.9/lat -32.966667)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-P087452*) ; 1♀, Avondale farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.9765&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.2385" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.9765/lat -32.2385)">Site</a> A4, 32°14.31’S 22°58.59’E, 22–29 Apr 2001, HG Roberston &amp; R Tourle, Nama Karoo on dolerite soils, pitfall, BW01-A4-P03 (SAM-HYM-A027475) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to G. qaqambile sp. nov. and G. ebazileyo sp. nov. by having the same character state ground plan (see diagnosis of G. qaqambile sp. nov.). This species, however, has the mesoscutum slightly convex, whereas G. qaqambile sp. nov. and G. ebazileyo sp. nov. have the mesoscutum flat.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet tyaba is an adjective from IsiXhosa, which means flat, in allusion to the flat surface of the mesoscutellum.</p><p>Distribution. South Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C94696D2EFFD69AB4F937FE16FC2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Azevedo, Celso O.;Noort, Simon Van	Azevedo, Celso O., Noort, Simon Van (2019): Review of Afrotropical Glenosema Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of 13 new species. Zootaxa 4585 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.3.1
038C94696D2CFFD19AB4FC0FFE16F911.text	038C94696D2CFFD19AB4FC0FFE16F911.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glenosema umphanda Azevedo & Noort 2019	<div><p>Glenosema umphanda Azevedo &amp; van Noort, sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 6–7</p><p>Description, holotype ♀ (brachypterous form, Fig.6). Body length: 2.0 mm. Forewing length: 0.1 mm.</p><p>Colour. Head dark castaneous, clypeus, mandible, antenna castaneous, palpi light castaneous; mesosoma castaneous, metapectal-propodeal disc dark castaneous, tegula light castaneous, legs castaneous; metasoma castaneous, posterior half darker.</p><p>Head. Mandible 0.46 × LH, widened slightly distally, with seven distal teeth, lower tooth slightly large, visible in full frontal view, only slightly directed inward, teeth in little inclined series, both dorsal and ventral margins not denticulate. Clypeus very short, its surface subvertical, perceptible in full dorsal view, triangular in frontal view, apical margin without median callus, up curved medially in frontal view, lateral lobe absent; median area elevated but not forming carina. Antennal foramina distant each other about 1.67 × antennal foramen diameter. First four antennomeres in ratio 23:9:5:6. Scape long and curved, slightly widening distad; pedicel about 2.0 × as long as wide, less than twice longer than first flagellomere; flagellomeres II–III distinctly longer than subsequent ones; flagellar pubescence dense, short and sub-erect. Eye subcircular, small, placed at middle area of head in lateral view, with some short setae. Frons coriaceous, punctures small, shallow, but conspicuous, irregularly distant one another; frontal line sulcate, short and inconspicuous. LH 1.27 × WH. WF 0.71 × WH. WF 2.13 × HE. OOL 2.38 × WOT. VOL 2.13 × HE. Distance of posterior ocellus to vertex crest 1.5 × DAO. Distance of anterior ocellus to supra-ocular line 12.5 × DAO. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute; ocelli small, easily seen at median magnification, clearly larger than punctures; ocellar triangle not elongate, POL 2.5 × DAO. Vertex slightly convex. Sides of head immediately posterior to eye and then converging posterad. Occipital carina complete. Malar space very small and triangular, eye almost touching dorsal mandibular condyle. Hypostomal carina evenly slightly curved, not angled medially. Palpal formula 6:3.</p><p>Mesosoma. Dorsal pronotal area weakly coriaceous, subquadrate, longer than wide; slope of pronotal collar almost vertical in profile. Mesonotum weakly coriaceous, divided into anteromesoscutum and mesoscutellaraxillary complex, transscutal fissure not clearly outlined. Anteromesoscutum slightly longer than mesoscutellum, its surface flat and not inclined in profile, without notauli and parapsidal signal. Mesoscutellar-axillary complex short, its surface flat in profile, mesoscutellar sulcus evident, but, narrow, shallow, arched, not dilated laterally. Metanotum not visible dorsally. Metapectal-propodeal disc coriaceous, surface almost flat, with only four setae closed to lateral carina, median length 1.45 × median width, metapostnotal median and paraspiracular carinae absent, lateral and posterior carinae complete and sharp; spiracle elliptical, small, placed on lateral carina. Propodeal declivity with its surface subvertical, flat, median carina absent. Prosternum small and concave. Mesopleuron with its surface convex, evenly convex in dorsal view. Brachypterous, forewing reaching anterior carina of Metapectal-propodeal disc. Mesotibia not spinose. Tarsal claw diminute.</p><p>Metasoma. Slightly longer than mesosoma, polished; petiole with small half-dome protuberance on ventral surface, with short carinate-shaped line.</p><p>Description, paratype ♀ (macropterous form, Fig. 7). Body length: 2.2 mm. Forewing length: 1.2 mm.</p><p>Colour. Head almost black, clypeus, mandible, antenna castaneous, palpi light castaneous; mesosoma black, except pronotal disc dark castaneous, wings subhyaline, tegula dark castaneous, legs castaneous, metaleg darker; metasoma dark castaneous.</p><p>Head. Mandible 0.44 × LH, widened slightly distally, with seven distal teeth, lower tooth slightly large, visible in full frontal view, only slightly directed inward, teeth in little inclined series, both dorsal and ventral margins apparently not denticulate. Clypeus short, median lobe trapezoidal in dorsal view, its surface subvertical, perceptible in full dorsal view, triangular in frontal view, apical margin without median callus, up curved medially in frontal view, lateral lobe absent; median area elevated but not forming carina. Antennal foramina distant each other about 1.83 × antennal foramen diameter. First four antennomeres in ratio 25:10:5:7. Scape long and curved, slightly widening distad; pedicel about 2.0 × as long as wide; flagellomere II distinctly longer than subsequent ones; flagellar pubescence dense, short and sub-erect. Eye subcircular, small, placed at middle area of head in lateral view, with some short setae. Frons coriaceous, punctures small, shallow, but conspicuous, irregularly distant one another; frontal line absent. LH 1.21 × WH. WF 0.67 × WH. WF 1.8 × HE. OOL 4.0 × WOT. VOL 1.6 × HE. Distance of posterior ocellus to vertex crest 0.42 × DAO. Distance of anterior ocellus to supra-ocular line 6.0 × DAO. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute; ocelli small, easily seen at median magnification, clearly larger than punctures; ocellar triangle not elongate, POL 1.57 × DAO. Vertex slightly convex. Sides of head immediately posterior to eye and then converging posterad. Occipital carina complete. Malar space very small and subtriangular, eye almost touching dorsal mandibular condyle. Hypostomal carina evenly slightly curved, not angled medially. Palpal formula not observed.</p><p>Mesosoma. Dorsal pronotal area coriaceous, trapezoidal, much wider than long; slope of pronotal collar almost vertical in profile. Mesonotum coriaceous, divided into anteromesoscutum and mesoscutellar-axillary complex, transscutal fissure clearly outlined. Anteromesoscutum shorter than mesoscutellum, its surface flat and not inclined in profile, without notauli, parapsidal signal straight, narrow, complete when pronotum not deflected. Mesoscutellar-axillary complex long, its surface flat in profile, mesoscutellar sulcus evident, narrow, deep, straight medially, dilated laterally. Metanotum well visible dorsally. Metapectal-propodeal disc areolate, glabrous, surface almost flat, except antero-lateral corner excavated, median length about 1.0 × median width, metapostnotal median carina very short, metapostnotal-propodeal carina very short and far from median one, paraspiracular carina absent, metapleural and transverse posterior carinae complete and sharp; spiracle subelliptical, small, placed on lateral carina. Propodeal declivity weakly coriaceous, its surface subvertical, mostly flat, median carina absent. Prosternum median-sized and concave. Mesopleuron with mesepimeron and mesepisternum completely separated by mesopleural suture, mesopleural pit small and deep. Macropterous, forewing with three closed cells (costal, radial and first cubital). Mesotibia not spinose. Tarsal claw not analyzed.</p><p>Metasoma. Slightly longer than mesosoma, tergites I–II polished, remaining tergites weakly coriaceous; petiole with small half-dome protuberance on ventral surface, with short carinate-shaped line.</p><p>Variation. Brachypterous form: head and mesosoma evenly dark castaneous, metasoma lighter; scutellar groove inconspicuous; metapectal-propodeal disc glabrous, surface badly convex; metasoma much longer than mesosoma, can be 1.9 × mesosoma. Macropterous form: specimens from Tswalu with frontal angle of ocellar triangle more acute.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype, brachypterous ♀, South Africa, Eastern Cape, Pearston, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.237783&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.533882" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.237783/lat -32.533882)">Plains of Camdeboo Game Reserve</a>, 32°32.033’S 25°14.267’E, 969 m, 30.x.2009 – 22.ii.2010, S. van Noort, yellow pan trap, Camdeboo Escarpment Thicket, PCD09-ACA1-Y02 (SAM-HYM-A027208) . Paratypes. brachypterous form: South Africa, Eastern Cape: 1♀, same data as holotype (SAM-HYM-P087444); 2♀, South Africa, Eastern Cape, Pearston, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.237783&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.533882" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.237783/lat -32.533882)">Plains of Cambeboo Game Reserve</a>, 32°32.033’S 25°14.267’E, 969 m, 22 Feb–9 April 2010, S. van Noort, yellow pan trap, Camdeboo Escarpment Thicket, PCD09-ACA1-Y03 (SAM-HYM-P087453*) ; 1♀, South Africa, Eastern Cape, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.0991&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.40935" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.0991/lat -32.40935)">Huntly Game Farm</a>, 32°24.561’S 25°05.946’E, 1065 m, 9 April–26 June 2010, S. van Noort, yellow pan trap, Great Fish Thicket, HUN10-ACA1-Y01 (SAM-HYM-P087454) ; macropterous form: South Africa, Eastern Cape: 1♀, Februarie Farm, (40.2 km 267°W Kirkwood), 33°33.124’S 25°03.043”E, 14–16 Feb 2001, S van Noort, Malaise trap, VB01-R1T-M53, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.050716&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.552067" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.050716/lat -33.552067)">Valley Bushveld</a> (goat trashed) (SAM-HYM-A027213) ; 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.0991&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.40935" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.0991/lat -32.40935)">Huntly Glen Farm</a>, 32°24.561′S 25°05.946′E, 1065m, 26 July–6 Oct 2010, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, Great Fish Thicket, HUN10- ACA1-Y02 (SAM-HYM-P087437) ; South Africa, Northern Cape: 1♀, Tankwa National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.097067&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.245068" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.097067/lat -32.245068)">Renoster River</a>, 490m, 32°14.704'S 20°05.824'E, 17 August–9 September 2014, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, Acacia karoo thicket, Tanqua Wash Riviere, Succulent Karoo, TKW14-ACA1-Y11 (SAM-HYM-P087442) ; 2♀, Tankwa National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.097067&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.245068" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.097067/lat -32.245068)">Renoster River</a>, 490m, 32°14.704'S 20°05.824'E, 10 July–17 August 2014, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, Acacia karoo thicket, Tanqua Wash Riviere, Succulent Karoo, TKW14-ACA1-M04 (SAM-HYM-P087439, SAM-HYM-P087440) ; 1♀, Tankwa National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.097067&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.245068" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.097067/lat -32.245068)">Renoster River</a>, 490m, 32°14.704'S 20°05.824'E, 9 September– 9 October 2014, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, Acacia karoo thicket, Tanqua Wash Riviere, Succulent Karoo, TKW14-ACA1-M09 (SAM-HYM-P087441) ; 2♀, Tswalu Kalahari Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.37925&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.302717" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.37925/lat -27.302717)">Site</a> BOS1, 1110m, 27°18.163'S 22°22.755'E, 24 October–5 Dec 2015, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, Gordonia Duneveld, Acacia erioloba, Boscia red dune slack, Savanna Biome, TSW15-BOS1-M02 (SAM-HYM-P087443*) ; 3♀, Tswalu Kalahari Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.5299&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.307484" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.5299/lat -27.307484)">Site</a> BOS2, 1270m, 27°18.449’S 22°31.794’E, 25 October–6 Dec 2015, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, Kathu Bushveld, Acacia, Boscia, Savanna Biome, TSW15-BOS2-M03 (SAM-HYM-P087432, SAM-HYM-P087 433, SAM-HYM- P087434) ; 2♀ Tswalu Kalahari Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.5299&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.307484" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.5299/lat -27.307484)">Site</a> BOS2, 1270m, 27°18.449’S 22°31.794’E, 6 Dec 2015 – 10 Feb 2016, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, Kathu Bushveld, Acacia, Boscia, Savanna Biome, TSW15-BOS2-M06 (SAM-HYM- P087435, SAM-HYM-P087436) ; South Africa, W. Cape: 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.09975&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.9622" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.09975/lat -32.9622)">West Coast Fossil Park</a>, (5 km 290° E Langebaanweg) 32°57.732'S 18°05.985'E, 18–25 Sept 2002, S van Noort, Malaise trap, Rehabilitated mine dump LW02-R6-M49 (SAM-HYM-P087438) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species differs from all other Afrotropical species of the genus by having a combination of several differences, the most evident are the head that is barrel-shaped in dorsal view and somewhat developed anterior to the eyes; the very small eyes; and the ocellar triangle that is not elongate, forming a somewhat isosceles triangle.</p><p>This species is polymorphic with two distinct forms, one brachypterous with the forewing reaching the anterior carina of the metapectal-propodeal complex, and one macropterous, in which the forewing is longer than half the length of the whole body. Both the brachypterous and macropterous forms were judged conspecific due to the unusual barrel-shaped head that is present only in them. No other species around the world has such a head shape.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet umphanda is a noun in apposition from IsiXhosa, which means barrel, in allusion to the barrel-shaped head.</p><p>Distribution. South Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C94696D2CFFD19AB4FC0FFE16F911	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Azevedo, Celso O.;Noort, Simon Van	Azevedo, Celso O., Noort, Simon Van (2019): Review of Afrotropical Glenosema Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of 13 new species. Zootaxa 4585 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.3.1
038C94696D2BFFD39AB4F914FE16FBF4.text	038C94696D2BFFD39AB4F914FE16FBF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glenosema banzi Azevedo & Noort 2019	<div><p>Glenosema banzi Azevedo &amp; van Noort, sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 8</p><p>Description, holotype Ƌ. Body length 2.8 mm. Forewing length 1.7 mm.</p><p>Colour. Head black, antenna dark castaneous with scape almost black, mandible from almost black proximally to dark castaneous distally, palpi dark castaneous; mesosoma black, legs dark castaneous with tarsi lighter, wings subhyaline, veins castaneous; metasoma dark castaneous.</p><p>Head. Mandible 0.49 × LH, distinctly wider distally, distal teeth large. Clypeus with well-projected trapezoidal median lobe, its surface inclined at 45 o, median area elevated but forming carina, apical margin triangular in frontal view, lateral lobe short. Antennal foramina distant each other about 1.7 × antennal foramen diameter. First four antennomeres in ratio 28:6:21:21. Antenna reaching metasoma, pedicel wider than long, flagellomeres more than twice as long as wide; flagellar pubescence dense, short and subappressed with some sub-erect outstanding setae; sensilla pale, elongate, dense, aligned in longitudinal series of about 4–5 in each flagellomere. Eye suboval, small, placed at middle-dorsal area of head in lateral view, with sparse and short setae. Frons coriaceous, punctures small, shallow, very sparse one another, frontal line as polished impression, of median length. LH 1.0 × WH. WF 0.66 × WH. WF 1.66 × HE. OOL 2.2 × WOT. VOL 1.07 × HE. Distance of posterior ocellus to vertex crest 1.56 × DAO. Distance of anterior ocellus to supra-ocular line 2.5 × DAO. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute; ocellar triangle compact, POL 1.88 × DAO. Vertex and sides of head posterior to eye broadly rounded off. Occipital carina complete. Malar space 0.63 × as long as wide. Hypostomal carina evenly slightly curved, not angled medially, median half thick.</p><p>Mesosoma. Mesothorax coriaceous as frons. Dorsal pronotal area subtrapezoidal, wider than long; anterior discal margin not outlined. Mesonotum divided into anteromesoscutum and mesoscutellar-axillary complex, clearly separated by transscutal fissure. Anteromesoscutum short, shorter than mesoscutellum, notauli absent, parapsidal signal complete. Mesoscutum-mesoscutellar suture conspicuous, deep, anterior and posterior margins slightly curved, posterior margin notched medially, lateral end conspicuously dilated and blunt. Metapectalpropodeal disc areolate, with few setae near lateral carina, convex, median length 1.0 × median width, metapostnotal median carina complete, although faint posteriorly; metapostnotal-propodeal carina diverging posterad, absent on posterior third, paraspiracular carina absent; lateral carina present and conspicuous; posterior carina complete; spiracle small, elliptical, placed at lateral carina. Propodeal declivity areolate, surface vertical and flat, median carina absent. Lateral surface of metapectal-propodeal complex areolate. Prosternum median-sized and concave. Mesopleuron with mesepimeron and mesepisternum completely separated by mesopleural suture, mesopleural pit small and deep. Forewing with two closed cells, costal vein absent.</p><p>Metasoma. Coriaceous, tergite II 3.1 × as long as tergite III, with pair of elongate, excavated and concave light antero-lateral spots. Hypopygium triangular, posterior margin angularly produced. Genitalia: paramere double, dorsal one diamond-shaped, ventral one evenly narrow with rounded apex. Cuspis bifid, ventral arm short with rounded apex, dorsal arm long with truncate apex. Aedeagus bottle-shaped, basal portion 0.38 × as long as aedeagus, angularly convex; apical portion elongate, 0.62 × as long as aedeagus, progressively filamentous and little sclerotized apicad, apex curved outward, surpassing slightly paramere apex height; apodeme slightly thickening basad, straight, not surpassing genital ring; dorsal half of genital ring much more advanced basad than ventral half.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♂, South Africa, Western Cape, Jacobsbaai, N of Saldanha Bay, 32°58’S 17°54’E, 12 February–13 March 1997, H.G. Roberston, ex pitfall trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.9/lat -32.966667)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM- P087503).</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to G. bubanzi sp. nov. by having the head and the metapectal-propodeal complex about as long as wide. These two species also have the largest bodies among the Afrotropical species with a length of 2.8 and 3.5 mm, respectively. This species, however, has the eyes smaller, resulting in a wider frons (WF 0.66 × WH, WF 1.66 × HE), larger temples (VOL 1.07 × HE), larger malar space (0.6 × as long as wide), and more compact ocellar triangle, resulting in the triangle being more distant from the vertex crest (1.56 × DAO) and more distant from the imaginary line between the eye tops (2.5 × DAO), whereas in G. bubanzi sp. nov. the eyes are larger, resulting in a narrower frons (WF 0.58 × WH, WF 1.38 × HE), smaller temples (VOL 0.94 × HE), smaller malar space (0.4 × as long as wide), and an ocellar triangle that is not so compact, resulting in the triangle being closer to the vertex crest (1.2 × DAO) and closer to the imaginary line between the dorsal eye margins (1.07 × DAO).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet banzi is an adjective from IsiXhosa, which means broad, in allusion to the very wide head.</p><p>Distribution. South Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C94696D2BFFD39AB4F914FE16FBF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Azevedo, Celso O.;Noort, Simon Van	Azevedo, Celso O., Noort, Simon Van (2019): Review of Afrotropical Glenosema Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of 13 new species. Zootaxa 4585 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.3.1
038C94696D29FFCD9AB4FB37FE16FE24.text	038C94696D29FFCD9AB4FB37FE16FE24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glenosema bubanzi Azevedo & Noort 2019	<div><p>Glenosema bubanzi Azevedo &amp; van Noort, sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 9</p><p>Description, holotype Ƌ. Body length 3.5 mm. Forewing length 2.6 mm.</p><p>Colour. Black, except distal area of mandible, palpi and tarsi dark castaneous; wings hyaline, veins castaneous.</p><p>Head. Mandible 0.46 × LH, distinctly wider distally, distal teeth large. Clypeus with well-projected trapezoidal median lobe, its surface subvertical, median area elevated but forming carina, apical margin slightly incurved in dorsal view, and triangular in frontal view, lower border incurved in frontal view, lateral lobe short. Antennal foramina distant each other about 1.24 × antennal foramen diameter. First four antennomeres in ratio 31:8:30:30. Antenna reaching metasomal tergite II, pedicel slightly wider than long, flagellomeres almost three times longer than wide; flagellar pubescence dense, short and subappressed with some sub-erect outstanding setae; sensilla pale, elongate, dense, aligned in longitudinal series of about 6 in each flagellomere. Eye suboval, mid-sized, placed at middle-dorsal area of head in lateral view, with sparse and mid-sized setae. Frons strongly coriaceous, punctures very inconspicuous, frontal line as polished impression, of median length. LH 1.01 × WH. WF 0.58 × WH. WF 1.38 × HE. OOL 1.55 × WOT. VOL 0.94 × HE. Distance of posterior ocellus to vertex crest 1.2 × DAO. Distance of anterior ocellus to supra-ocular line 1.07 × DAO. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute; ocellar triangle not compact, POL 1.44 × DAO. Vertex and sides of head posterior to eye broadly rounded. Occipital carina complete, visible in full dorsal view. Malar space 0.42 × as long as wide. Hypostomal carina straight, angled medially, progressively thickening mesad.</p><p>Mesosoma. Mesothorax strongly coriaceous as frons. Dorsal pronotal area subtrapezoidal, wider than long; anterior discal margin not outlined. Mesonotum divided into anteromesoscutum and mesoscutellar-axillary complex, clearly separated by transscutal fissure. Anteromesoscutum shorter than about mesoscutellum, notauli absent, parapsidal signal incomplete anteriorly. Mesoscutum-mesoscutellar suture conspicuous, deep, anterior margin almost straight, posterior margin curved and notched medially, lateral end conspicuously dilated and blunt. Metapectal-propodeal disc strongly areolate, with very few setae, surface flat centrally and convex peripherally, median length 1.05 × median width, metapostnotal median carina incomplete, occupying only anterior half of disc; metapostnotal-propodeal and paraspiracular carinae absent; lateral carina present and conspicuous; transverse posterior carina complete; spiracle small, elliptical, placed at lateral carina. Propodeal declivity areolate, surface subvertical and almost flat, median carina absent. Lateral surface of metapectal-propodeal complex strongly areolate. Prosternum median-sized and depressed but flat. Mesopleuron with mesepimeron and mesepisternum completely separated by mesopleural suture, mesopleural pit large and shallow. Forewing with two closed cells, costal vein absent. Claws curved, simple.</p><p>Metasoma. Coriaceous, tergite II 1.88 × as long as tergite III, with pair of subcircular, excavated, light anterolateral spots. Hypopygium triangular, posterior margin angularly produced. Genitalia: small, about 485 µm long, paramere double, dorsal arm sub-diamond-shaped, ventral arm badly progressively widening apicad, apex rounded. Cuspis bifid, ventral arm short, apex rounded, dorsal arm long, wide, apex blunt. Aedeagus subbottleshaped, basal portion only slightly dilated, apical portion thick and progressively narrowing apicad, progressively filamentous and little sclerotized apicad, apex curved outward, surpassing slightly paramere apex height; apodeme not dilated basally, not surpassing genital ring; dorsal half of genital ring much more advanced basad than ventral half.</p><p>Variation. Head longer; sensilla aligned in longitudinal series of 8 in each flagellomere; vertex less convex; metapostnotal median carina complete or failed posteriorly; spots of metasomal tergite II elliptical. Material examined. Holotype ♂, S. Africa, W. Cape, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.9435&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.9435/lat -32.275)">Avondale</a> farm, AC2, 32°16.50”S 22°56.61”E, 22–29 Apr 2001, HG Robertson &amp; R Tourle, Nama Karoo on calcrete, pit fall, BW01-AC2-P05 (SAM-HYM-A027210) . Paratypes. S. Africa, W. Cape: 1♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.0095&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.294834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.0095/lat -32.294834)">Elandsfontein</a> farm, Site E 4, 32°17.69”S 23°00.57”E, 21 Apr 2001, S van Noort &amp; HG Robertson, Nama Karoo on dolorite soils, Malaise trap, BW01-A1-M10 (SAM-HYM-A027211) ; 1♂, Lammerskraal, Prince Albert Distr. C.P. (SAM-HYM-P013769) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to G. banzi sp. nov. (see its Diagnosis).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet bubanzi is an adjective from IsiXhosa, which means wide, in allusion to the very wide head.</p><p>Distribution. South Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C94696D29FFCD9AB4FB37FE16FE24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Azevedo, Celso O.;Noort, Simon Van	Azevedo, Celso O., Noort, Simon Van (2019): Review of Afrotropical Glenosema Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of 13 new species. Zootaxa 4585 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.3.1
038C94696D37FFC89AB4FE07FE16FC41.text	038C94696D37FFC89AB4FE07FE16FC41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glenosema ahlukileyo Azevedo & Noort 2019	<div><p>Glenosema ahlukileyo Azevedo &amp; van Noort, sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 10</p><p>Description, holotype Ƌ. Body length 1.7 mm. Forewing length 1.1 mm.</p><p>Colour. Head black, antenna dark castaneous with scape and pedicel almost black, mandible from almost black proximally to dark castaneous distally, palpi dark castaneous; mesosoma black, legs dark castaneous with tarsi lighter, wings subhyaline, veins castaneous; metasoma dark castaneous.</p><p>Head. Mandible 0.46 × LH, distinctly wider distally, distal teeth large. Clypeus with well-projected trapezoidal median lobe, its surface inclined at 45 o, median area elevated but forming carina, apical margin shortly triangular in frontal view, lateral lobe short. Antennal foramina distant each other about 1.0 × antennal foramen diameter. First four antennomeres in ratio 17:6:12:12. Antenna reaching metasoma, pedicel longer than wide, flagellomeres more than twice as long as wide; flagellar pubescence dense, short and subappressed with some sub-erect outstanding setae; sensilla pale, elongate, dense, aligned in longitudinal series of about 3–4 in each flagellomere. Eye suboval, small, placed at middle area of head in lateral view, with sparse and long setae. Frons strongly coriaceous, punctures small, inconspicuous, shallow, very sparse one another, frontal line as polished impression, short. LH 1.13 × WH. WF 0.62 × WH. WF 1.5 × HE. OOL 1.96 × WOT. VOL 1.21 × HE. Distance of posterior ocellus to vertex crest 1.67 × DAO. Distance of anterior ocellus to supra-ocular line 2.78 × DAO. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute; ocellar triangle compact, POL 1.53 × DAO. Vertex convex, sides of head posterior to eye converging posterad. Occipital carina complete. Malar space 0.44 × as long as wide. Hypostomal carina evenly slightly curved, not angled medially.</p><p>Mesosoma. Mesothorax strongly coriaceous as frons. Dorsal pronotal area subtrapezoidal, wider than long; disc depressed forward, slope of pronotal collar not outlined by any margin. Mesonotum divided into anteromesoscutum and mesoscutellar-axillary complex, clearly separated by transscutal fissure. Anteromesoscutum about as long as mesoscutellum, notauli absent, parapsidal signal incomplete anteriorly. Mesoscutum-mesoscutellar suture conspicuous, deep, anterior and posterior margins straight medially and curved laterally, posterior margin not notched medially, lateral end dilated and rounded. Metapectal-propodeal disc areolate, glabrous, surface flat centrally and convex peripherally, median length 1.16 × median width, metapostnotal median carina complete, although weakly; metapostnotal-propodeal carina very short, occupying only anterior four of disc, paraspiracular carina absent; lateral carina present and conspicuous; transverse posterior carina complete; spiracle small, elliptical, placed at lateral carina. Propodeal declivity areolate, surface subvertical and flat, median carina absent. Lateral surface of metapectal-propodeal complex areolate. Prosternum mediansized and concave. Mesopleuron with mesepimeron and mesepisternum completely separated by mesopleural suture, mesopleural pit small and deep. Forewing with two closed cells, costal vein absent.</p><p>Metasoma. Very weakly coriaceous, tergite II about 2.6 × as long as tergite III, with pair of elongate, not excavated light antero-lateral spots. Hypopygium triangular, posterior margin angularly produced. Genitalia: diminute, about 250 µm long, paramere double, dorsal one with dorsal margin straight and ventral margin slightly concave, ventral one evenly narrow with rounded apex. Cuspis bifid, ventral arm short with rounded apex, dorsal arm long with rounded apex. Aedeagus subbottle-shaped, basal portion only slightly dilated, about 0.4 × as long as aedeagus; apical portion thick and elongate, about 0.6 × as long as aedeagus, progressively filamentous and little sclerotized apicad, apex curved outward, not surpassing slightly paramere apex height; apodeme slightly thickening basad, straight, not surpassing genital ring; dorsal half of genital ring much more advanced basad than ventral half.</p><p>Variation. Body smaller or longer; entirely lighter with head and mesosoma dark castaneous; head wider, or with sides parallel; ocellar triangle elongate; median clypeal lobe narrower or shorter; pronotal disc not so depressed; mesoscutellum narrower anteriorly; mesoscutellar sulcus not wider medially, or straight, or shorter; metapostnotal carina more conspicuous and not faint or weaker and incomplete; spots of metasomal tergite II slightly excavated; posterior hypopygeal margin not angularly produced.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♂, South Africa, Western Cape, Jacobsbaai, N of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.9/lat -32.966667)">Saldanha Bay</a>, 32°58’S 17°54’E, 12 February–13 March 1997, H.G. Roberston, ex pitfall trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.9/lat -32.966667)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM- P087455) . Paratypes. South Africa, Northern Cape, 1♂, Hantam National Botanical Garden, 758m, 31°24.293′S 19°09.215′E, 25 Dec 2008 – 27 Jan 2009, S van Noort, Yellow pan trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.153584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.404882" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.153584/lat -31.404882)">Nieuwoudtville-Roggeveld Dolerite Renosterveld</a>, GL07-DOL2-Y31 (SAM-HYM-P087504) ; 1♂, Hantam National Botanical Garden, 741m, 31°24.182′S 19°08.587′E, 27 January–2 March 2009, S van Noort, Yellow pan trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.143116&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.403034" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.143116/lat -31.403034)">Nieuwoudtville Shale Renosterveld</a>, GL07- REN3 -Y39 (SAM-HYM-P087505) ; 2♂, Hantam National Botanical Garden, 758m, 31°24.293′S 19°09.215′E, 27 January–2 March 2009, S van Noort, Yellow pan trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.153584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.404882" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.153584/lat -31.404882)">Nieuwoudtville-Roggeveld Dolerite Renosterveld</a>, GL07- DOL2 -Y43 (SAM-HYM-P087506 *) ; 1♂, Hantam National Botanical Garden, 752m, 31°23.802′S 19°08.799′E, 2–23 March 2009, S van Noort, Yellow pan trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.14665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.3967" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.14665/lat -31.3967)">Nieuwoudtville Shale Renosterveld</a>, GL07- REN1 -Y50 (SAM-HYM-P087507) ; 2♂, Hantam National Botanical Garden, 758m, 31°24.293′S 19°09.215′E, 2-23 March 2009, S van Noort, Yellow pan trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.153584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.404882" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.153584/lat -31.404882)">Nieuwoudtville-Roggeveld Dolerite Renosterveld</a>, GL07- DOL2 -Y55 (SAM-HYM-P08 7508, SAM-HYM-P087509) ; 1♂, Hantam National Botanical Garden, 749m, 31°20.602′S 19°11.695′E, 2–23 March 2009, S van Noort, Yellow pan trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.194916&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.343367" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.194916/lat -31.343367)">Hantam Succulent Karoo</a>, GL07- SUC1 -Y61 (SAM-HYM-P087510) ; 1♂, Hantam National Botanical Garden, 758 m, 31°24.293’S 19°09.215’E, 27 Aug–27 Oct 2009, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.153584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.404882" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.153584/lat -31.404882)">Nieuwou0dtville-Roggeveld Dolerite Renosterveld</a>, GL07- DOL2 -Y127 (SAM-HYM-P038934) ; 1♂, Hantam National Botanical Garden, 741m, 31°24.182′S 19°08.587′E, 9 Feb–1 April 2010, S van Noort, Yellow pan trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.143116&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.403034" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.143116/lat -31.403034)">Nieuwoudtville Shale Renosterveld</a>, GL07- REN3 -Y132 (SAM-HYM- P087511) ; 1♂, Hantam National Botanical Garden, 749m, 31°20.602′S 19°11.695′E, 9 Feb–1 April 2010, S van Noort, Yellow pan trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.194916&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.343367" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.194916/lat -31.343367)">Hantam Succulent Karoo</a>, GL07- SUC1 -Y136 (SAM-HYM-P087512) ; 1♂, Tankwa National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.974966&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.1734" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.974966/lat -32.1734)">Elandsberg</a>, 595m, 32°10.404'S 19°58.498'E, 4–6 May 2014, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.974966&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.1734" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.974966/lat -32.1734)">Tanqua Succulent Karoo</a>, TKW14 - SUC3 -Y03 (SAM-HYM-P087513) ; South Africa, Western Cape, 3♂, Salmanslaagte, 459m, 32°03.228’S 19°06.258’E, 26–28.ii.2009, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.1043&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.0538" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.1043/lat -32.0538)">Cederberg</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.1043&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.0538" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.1043/lat -32.0538)">Sandstone Fynbos</a>, TR09-Y01 (SAM-HYM-A027215, SAM-HYM-P087514 *) ; 1♂, Wolfdrif, 278m, 32°00.993’S 19°03.467’E, 26– 28.ii.2009, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.057783&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.01655" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.057783/lat -32.01655)">Cederberg</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.057783&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.01655" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.057783/lat -32.01655)">Sandstone Fynbos</a>, TR09-Y02 (SAM-HYM-A027218) ; 1♂ Jacobsbaai, N of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.9/lat -32.966667)">Saldanha Bay</a>, 32°58’S 17°54’E, 7 November–13 December 1996, H.G. Roberston, ex pitfall trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.9/lat -32.966667)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-P087456) ; 7♂ Jacobsbaai, N of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.9/lat -32.966667)">Saldanha Bay</a>, 32°58’S 17°54’E, 15 January– 12 February 1997, H.G. Roberston, ex pitfall trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.9/lat -32.966667)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-P0 87457, SAM-HYM- P087458, SAM-HYM-P087459, SAM-HYM-P087460, SAM-HYM-P087461, SAM-HYM-P087462 *) ; 3♂ Jacobsbaai, N of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.9/lat -32.966667)">Saldanha Bay</a>, 32°58’S 17°54’E, 12 February–13 March 1997, H.G. Roberston, ex pitfall trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.9/lat -32.966667)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-P0 87463, SAM-HYM-P087464, SAM-HYM-P087465) ; 7♂ Jacobsbaai, N of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.9/lat -32.966667)">Saldanha Bay</a>, 32°58’S 17°54’E, 13 March–16 April 1997, H.G. Roberston, ex pitfall trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.9/lat -32.966667)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-P08 7466, SAM-HYM-P0 87467, SAM-HYM-P087468, SAM-HYM-P087469, SAM-HYM- P087470, SAM-HYM-P087471, SAM-HYM-P087471 *) ; 1♂, Langberg Farm, (3 km 270° W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.1224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.97435" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.1224/lat -32.97435)">Langebaanweg</a>) 32°58.461'S 18°07.344'E, 27.xi–4.xii 2002, S van Noort, Malaise trap LW02-N2-M145, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.1224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.97435" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.1224/lat -32.97435)">Sand Plain Fynbos</a> (SAM- HYM-P087472) ; 2♂, Langberg Farm, (3 km 270° W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.1224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.97435" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.1224/lat -32.97435)">Langebaanweg</a>) 32°58.461'S 18°07.344'E, 25.xii. 02 – 1.i.03, S van Noort, Malaise trap LW02-N2-M153, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.1224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.97435" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.1224/lat -32.97435)">Sand Plain Fynbos</a> (SAM-HYM-P087473, SAM-HYM-P087474) ; 1♂, Langberg Farm, (3 km 270° W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.1224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.97435" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.1224/lat -32.97435)">Langebaanweg</a>) 32°58.461'S 18°07.344'E, 15–22 Jan 2003, S van Noort, Malaise trap LW02-N2-M159, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.1224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.97435" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.1224/lat -32.97435)">Sand Plain Fynbos</a> (SAM-HYM-P087475) ; 3♂, Koeberg Nature Reserve, 33°37.622'S 18°24.259'E, 11 July–8 Aug 1997, S van Noort, Malaise trap KO97-M06, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.404316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.627033" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.404316/lat -33.627033)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM- P087476, SAM-HYM-P087477 *) ; 3♂, Koeberg Nature Reserve, 33°37.622'S 18°24.259'E, 27 Dec 1997 – 23 Jan 1998, S van Noort, Malaise trap KO97-M18, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.404316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.627033" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.404316/lat -33.627033)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-P087478, SAM-HYM-P087479, SAM-HYM-P087480) ; 1♂, Koeberg Nature Reserve, 33°37.622'S 18°24.259'E, 23 Jan–20 Feb 1998, S van Noort, Malaise trap KO97-M20, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.404316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.627033" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.404316/lat -33.627033)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-P087481) ; 2♂, Koeberg Nature Reserve, 33°37.622'S 18°24.259'E, 20 Feb–20 Mar 1998, S van Noort, Malaise trap KO97-M24, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.404316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.627033" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.404316/lat -33.627033)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-P08 7482, SAM-HYM-P087483) ; 2♂, Koeberg Nature Reserve, 33°37.622'S 18°24.259'E, 20 Mar– 17 April 1998, S van Noort, Malaise trap KO97-M28, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.404316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.627033" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.404316/lat -33.627033)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-P0 87484, SAM-HYM- P087485) ; 1♂, Koeberg Nature Reserve, 33°37.622'S 18°24.259'E, 17 April–15 May 1998, S van Noort, Malaise trap KO97-M32, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.404316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.627033" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.404316/lat -33.627033)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-P087486) ; 2♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, 33°39.941′S 21°53.505′E, 315m, 23.xii.2008 – 16.i.2009, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.89175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.665684" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.89175/lat -33.665684)">Gamka Thicket</a> GB09- SUC1 -M01 (SAM- HYM-P087488, SAM-HYM-P087489) ; 1♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, 33°39.941′S 21°53.505′E, 315m, 16 Jan–8 Feb 2009, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.89175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.665684" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.89175/lat -33.665684)">Gamka Thicket</a> GB09- SUC1 -M02 (SAM-HYM-P087490) ; 2♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, 33°39.941′S 21°53.505′E, 315m, 8 Feb–21 Mar 2009, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.89175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.665684" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.89175/lat -33.665684)">Gamka Thicket</a> GB09- SUC1 -M03 (SAM-HYM-P087491, SAM-HYM-P087492) ; 2♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.89175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.665684" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.89175/lat -33.665684)">Gamka Thicket</a>, 33°39.941’S 21°53.505’E, 315 m, 21 Mar–5 May 2009, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, GB09- SUC1 -M04 (SAM-HYM-A027201, SAM-HYM-P087492) ; 2♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.899117&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.6584" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.899117/lat -33.6584)">Gamka Thicket</a>, 33°39.504’S 21°53.947’E, 322 m, 5–23 May 2009, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, GB09- SUC4 -M09 (SAM- HYM-A027199, SAM-HYM-P087494) ; 3♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.899282&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.6595" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.899282/lat -33.6595)">Gamka Thicket</a>, 33°39.570’S 21°53.957’E, 328 m, 23 May–31 Jul 2009, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, GB09- SUC3 -M12 (SAM-HYM-A027216, SAM-HYM-P08 7487, SAM-HYM- P087495) ; 1♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.899117&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.6584" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.899117/lat -33.6584)">Gamka Thicket</a>, 33°39.504’S 21°53.947’E, 322 m, 23 May–31 Jul 2009, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, GB09- SUC4 -M13 (SAM-HYM-A027219) ; 1♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.899117&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.6584" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.899117/lat -33.6584)">Gamka Thicket</a>, 33°39.504’S 21°53.947’E, 322 m, 10 Sept–4 Nov 2009, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, GB09- SUC4 -M23 (SAM-HYM-A027200) ; 1♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.899282&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.6595" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.899282/lat -33.6595)">Gamka Thicket</a>, 33°39.570’S 21°53.957’E, 328 m, 30 Mar–24 Jul 2010, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, GB09- SUC3 -M37 (SAM- HYM-A027204) ; 1♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.899117&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.6584" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.899117/lat -33.6584)">Gamka Thicket</a>, 33°39.504’S 21°53.947’E, 322 m, 30 Mar–24 Jul 2010, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, GB09- SUC4 -M38 (SAM-HYM-A 022358) ; 1♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.89175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.665684" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.89175/lat -33.665684)">Gamka Thicket</a>, 33°39.941’S 21°53.505’E, 315 m, 10 Sept–4 Nov 2009, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, GB09- SUC1 -Y34 (SAM-HYM-A 022366) ; 1♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.89175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.665684" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.89175/lat -33.665684)">Gamka Thicket</a>, 33°39.941’S 21°53.505’E, 315 m, 10 Sept–4 Nov 2009, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, GB09- SUC4 -Y35 (SAM-HYM-A 022368) ; 4♂ Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.899117&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.6584" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.899117/lat -33.6584)">Gamka Thicket</a>, 33°39.504’S 21°53.947’E, 322 m, 10 Sept–4 Nov 2009, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, GB09- SUC4 -Y37 (SAM-HYM-A 022369, SAM-HYM-P08 7496, SAM-HYM-P087497*) ; 3♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.89175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.665684" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.89175/lat -33.665684)">Gamka Thicket</a>, 33°39.941’S 21°53.505’E, 315 m, 19 Feb–30 Mar 2010, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, GB09- SUC1 -Y44 (SAM-HYM-A027198, SAM-HYM-P087499 *) ; 3♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.899117&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.6584" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.899117/lat -33.6584)">Gamka Thicket</a>, 33°39.504’S 21°53.947’E, 322 m, 19 Feb–30 Mar 2010, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, GB09- SUC4 -Y46 (SAM-HYM-A 022361, SAM-HYM-P0 87501, SAM-HYM-P087502) ; 1♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.89175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.665684" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.89175/lat -33.665684)">Gamka Thicket</a>, 33°39.941’S 21°53.505’E, 315 m, 30 Mar–24 Jul 2010, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, GB09- SUC1 -Y53 (SAM-HYM-A 022353) ; 1♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.899117&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.6584" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.899117/lat -33.6584)">Gamka Thicket</a>, 33°39.504’S 21°53.947’E, 322 m, 30 Mar–24 Jul 2010, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, GB09- SUC4 -Y55 (SAM-HYM- A027206) .</p><p>Variation. This species has a broad range of variation, head narrower or wider; eyes larger; ocellar triangle more compact or broader, or elongate; sides of head more parallel or more convergent posteriorly, paraspiracular carina of the metapectal-propodeal complex varying from completely absent to fully complete; ventral arm of paramere slightly wider, especially apically; both ventral and dorsal arms of cuspis slightly short or longer with apical margin slightly more rounded or blunt.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is characterized by having the males with the head elongate and slightly progressively widened anterad, resembling a subtrapezoidal shape in dorsal view, as much as in the females of several species. Additionally, the eyes are small in relation to the whole head. This combination of characters in unique in the Afrotropical species.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet ahlukileyo is an adjective from IsiXhosa, which means diverse, in allusion to the broad range of its intraspecific variation.</p><p>Distribution. South Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C94696D37FFC89AB4FE07FE16FC41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Azevedo, Celso O.;Noort, Simon Van	Azevedo, Celso O., Noort, Simon Van (2019): Review of Afrotropical Glenosema Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of 13 new species. Zootaxa 4585 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.3.1
038C94696D32FFCA9AB4FBE4FE16FE59.text	038C94696D32FFCA9AB4FBE4FE16FE59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glenosema icephe Azevedo & Noort 2019	<div><p>Glenosema icephe Azevedo &amp; van Noort, sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 11</p><p>Description, holotype Ƌ. Body length 2.1 mm. Forewing length 1.4 mm.</p><p>Colour. Head black, antenna dark castaneous, mandible from almost black proximally to dark castaneous distally, palpi dark castaneous; mesosoma black, legs dark castaneous with tarsi lighter, wings hyaline, veins castaneous; metasoma dark castaneous.</p><p>Head. Mandible 0.52 × LH, distinctly wider distally, distal teeth large. Clypeus with well-projected trapezoidal median lobe, its surface subvertical, median area elevated but forming carina, but with callus, apical margin triangular in frontal view, lower border incurved in frontal view, lateral lobe short. Antennal foramina distant each other about 1.5 × antennal foramen diameter. First four antennomeres in ratio 23:7:14:15. Antenna reaching metapectal-propodeal disc, pedicel as long as wide, flagellomeres more than twice as long as wide; flagellar pubescence dense, short and subappressed with some sub-erect outstanding setae; sensilla pale, elongate, dense, aligned in longitudinal series of about 4 in each flagellomere. Eye suboval, mid-sized, placed at middle-dorsal area of head in lateral view, with sparse and mid-sized setae. Frons strongly coriaceous, punctures small, inconspicuous, shallow, very sparse one another, frontal line as polished impression, of median length. LH 1.02 × WH. WF 0.67 × WH. WF 1.66 × HE. OOL 1.5 × WOT. VOL 1.17 × HE. Distance of posterior ocellus to vertex crest 1.86 × DAO. Distance of anterior ocellus to supra-ocular line 1.86 × DAO. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute; ocellar triangle not compact, POL 2.56 × DAO. Vertex straight medially and broadly rounded laterally, sides of head posterior to eye hardly converging posterad. Occipital carina complete. Malar space 0.25 × as long as wide. Hypostomal carina evenly slightly curved, not angled medially, thick medially.</p><p>Mesosoma. Mesothorax strongly coriaceous as frons. Dorsal pronotal area subtrapezoidal, wider than long; anterior discal margin not outlined. Mesonotum divided into anteromesoscutum and mesoscutellar-axillary complex, clearly separated by transscutal fissure. Anteromesoscutum shorter than about mesoscutellum, notauli absent, parapsidal signal complete, but very weak anteriorly. Mesoscutum-mesoscutellar suture conspicuous, deep, anterior and posterior margins straight medially and curved laterally, posterior margin not notched medially, lateral end dilated and blunt. Metapectal-propodeal disc areolate, glabrous, surface flat centrally and convex peripherally, median length 0.85 × median width, metapostnotal median carina incomplete, occupying only anterior third of disc; metapostnotal-propodeal carina very short, occupying only anterior four of disc, paraspiracular carina absent; lateral carina present and conspicuous; transverse posterior carina complete; spiracle small, elliptical, placed at disc. Propodeal declivity areolate, surface subvertical and flat, median carina absent. Lateral surface of metapectalpropodeal complex areolate. Prosternum median-sized and depressed but flat. Mesopleuron with mesepimeron and mesepisternum completely separated by mesopleural suture, mesopleural pit large and shallow. Forewing with two closed cells, costal vein absent. Claws curved, bifid, inner tooth small.</p><p>Metasoma. Coriaceous, tergite II 2.9 × as long as tergite III, with pair of elongate, not excavated light anterolateral spots. Hypopygium triangular, posterior margin not angularly produced. Genitalia: diminute, about 364 µm long, paramere double, dorsal arm wide, dorsal margin outcurved medially and ventral margin slightly outcurved with basal part straight, apical margin slightly outcurved; ventral arm progressively widening apicad, apical margin slightly truncate and inclined with dorsal corner sharply produced and ventral side serrulate. Cuspis bifid, ventral arm short, progressively widening apicad apex subtruncate, dorsal arm long, wide, progressively narrowing apicad, apex rounded. Aedeagus subbottle-shaped, basal portion only slightly dilated, about 0.64 × as long as aedeagus; apical portion thick and progressively narrowing apicad, about 0.36 × as long as aedeagus, progressively filamentous and little sclerotized apicad, apex not curved outward, not surpassing slightly paramere apex height; apodeme slightly dilated basally, not surpassing genital ring; dorsal half of genital ring much more advanced basad than ventral half.</p><p>Variation. Metapostnotal median carina longer but weaker; two specimens with apical margin of ventral parameral arm not sharply produced on the dorsal corner.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♂, South Africa, W. Cape, Langberg Farm (3 km 270 o W Langebaanweg), 32°58.461’S 18°07.344’E, 11–18 Sept 2002, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, LW02-N2-M21, Sand Plain Fynbos (SAM-HYM-A 022829) . Paratype: South Africa, Northern Cape: 1♂, Tankwa National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.097067&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.245068" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.097067/lat -32.245068)">Renoster River</a>, 490m, 32°14.704'S 20°05.824'E, 17 August–9 September 2014, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, Acacia karoo thicket, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.097067&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.245068" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.097067/lat -32.245068)">Tanqua Wash Riviere</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.097067&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.245068" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.097067/lat -32.245068)">Succulent Karoo</a>, TKW14 - ACA1 -M07 (SAM-HYM-P087515) ; 1♂, Tankwa National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.097067&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.245068" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.097067/lat -32.245068)">Renoster River</a>, 490m, 32°14.704'S 20°05.824'E, 5 Nov–9 Dec 2014, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, Acacia karoo thicket, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.097067&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.245068" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.097067/lat -32.245068)">Tanqua Wash Riviere</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.097067&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.245068" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.097067/lat -32.245068)">Succulent Karoo</a>, TKW14 - ACA1 -M13 (SAM-HYM-P087516) ; South Africa, Western Cape: 1♂ same data as holotype (SAM-HYM-P087517); 2♂, West Coast Fossil Park, (4 km 290° E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.112133&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.958534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.112133/lat -32.958534)">Langebaanweg</a>) 32°57.512'S 18°06.728'E, 4–11 Sept 2002, S van Noort, Malaise trap LW02-R7-M16, Rehabilitated mine dump (SAM-HYM-P0 87518, SAM-HYM-P087519) ; 1♂, Langberg Farm, (3 km 280° W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.123632&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.967415" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.123632/lat -32.967415)">Langebaanweg</a>) 32°58.045'S 18°07.418'E, 11–18 Sept 2002, S van Noort, Malaise trap LW02-N1-M18, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.123632&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.967415" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.123632/lat -32.967415)">Sand Plain Fynbos</a> (SAM-HYM-P087520) ; 2♂, West Coast Fossil Park, (3 km 280° W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.120733&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.9683" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.120733/lat -32.9683)">Langebaanweg</a>) 32°58.098'S 18°07.244'E, 11–18 Sept 2002, S van Noort, Malaise trap LW02-R2-M20, Rehabilitated mine dump (SAM-HYM- P087521, SAM-HYM-P087522) ; 1♂, Anyskop Farm, (4 km 270° W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.116266&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.97685" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.116266/lat -32.97685)">Langebaanweg</a>) 32°58.611'S 18°06.976'E, 11–18 Sept 2002, S van Noort, Malaise trap LW02-N4-M23, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.116266&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.97685" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.116266/lat -32.97685)">Fynbos on Limestone</a> (SAM-HYM-P087523) ; 1♂, West Coast Fossil Park, (4 km 270° W Langebaanweg) 32°58.444'S 18°06.731'E, 11–18 Sept 2002, S van Noort, Malaise trap LW02-N6-M25, Sand Plain Fynbos dominated by Lebeckia (SAM-HYM-P087524) ; 2♂, West Coast Fossil Park, (5.5 km 270° W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.097967&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.969265" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.097967/lat -32.969265)">Langebaanweg</a>) 32°58.156'S 18°05.878'E, 11–18 Sept 2002, S van Noort, Malaise trap LW02-R3-M26, Rehabilitated mine dump (SAM-HYM-P0 87525, SAM-HYM-P087526) ; 1♂, West Coast Fossil Park, (5.5 km 270° W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.096483&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.968616" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.096483/lat -32.968616)">Langebaanweg</a>) 32°58.117'S 18°05.789'E, 11–18 Sept 2002, S van Noort, Malaise trap LW02-U1-M27, Acacia cyclops on slimes dam (SAM-HYM-P087527) ; 1♂, Anyskop Farm, (5.5 km 290° W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.08805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.955017" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.08805/lat -32.955017)">Langebaanweg</a>) 32°57.301'S 18°05.283'E, 11–18 Sept 2002, S van Noort Malaise trap LW02-N8-M31, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.08805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.955017" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.08805/lat -32.955017)">Sand Plain Fynbos</a> (SAM-HYM-P087528) ; 1♂, West Coast Fossil Park, (5 km 290° E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.09975&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.9622" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.09975/lat -32.9622)">Langebaanweg</a>) 32°57.732'S 18°05.985'E, 11–18 Sept 2002, S van Noort, Malaise trap LW02-R6-M32, Rehabilitated mine dump (SAM-HYM- P087529) ; 1♂, Langberg Farm, (3 km 280° W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.123632&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.967415" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.123632/lat -32.967415)">Langebaanweg</a>) 32°58.045'S 18°07.418'E, 18–25 Sept 2002, S van Noort, Malaise trap LW02-N1-M35, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.123632&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.967415" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.123632/lat -32.967415)">Sand Plain Fynbos</a> (SAM-HYM-P087530) ; 1♂, West Coast Fossil Park, (5 km 290° E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.09975&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.9622" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.09975/lat -32.9622)">Langebaanweg</a>) 32°57.732'S 18°05.985'E, 18–25 Sept 2002, S van Noort, Malaise trap LW02-R6-M49, Rehabilitated mine dump (SAM-HYM-P087531) ; 2♂, West Coast Fossil Park, (4 km 290° E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.112133&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.958534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.112133/lat -32.958534)">Langebaanweg</a>) 32°57.512'S 18°06.728'E, 18-25 Sept 2002, S van Noort, Malaise trap LW02-R7-M50, Rehabilitated mine dump (SAM-HYM-P08 7532, SAM-HYM-P087533) ; 1♂, West Coast Fossil Park, (4 km 280° E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.11395&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.963615" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.11395/lat -32.963615)">Langebaanweg</a>) 32°57.817'S 18°06.837'E, 18–25 Sept 2002, S van Noort, Malaise trap LW02-R8-M51, Rehabilitated mine dump (SAM-HYM-P087534) ; 1♂, Langberg Farm, (3 km 270° W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.1224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.97435" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.1224/lat -32.97435)">Langebaanweg</a>) 32°58.461'S 18°07.344'E, 15–22 Jan 2003, S van Noort, Malaise trap LW02-N2-M159, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.1224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.97435" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.1224/lat -32.97435)">Sand Plain Fynbos</a> (SAM-HYM-P087535) ; 2♂, Langberg Farm, (3 km 270° W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.1224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.97435" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.1224/lat -32.97435)">Langebaanweg</a>) 32°58.461'S 18°07.344'E, 12–19 Feb 2003, S van Noort, Malaise trap LW02-N2- M167, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.1224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.97435" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.1224/lat -32.97435)">Sand Plain Fynbos</a> (SAM-HYM-P087536 *) ; 1♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, 33°39.941′S 21°53.505′E, 315m, 8 Feb–21 Mar 2009, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, Gamka Thicket GB09- SUC1 - M03 (SAM-HYM-P087537) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species differs from the other Afrotropical ones by having the metapectal-propodeal disc wider than long.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet icephe is a noun from IsiXhosa, which means spoon, in allusion to the somewhat spatulate parameral ventral arm.</p><p>Distribution. South Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C94696D32FFCA9AB4FBE4FE16FE59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Azevedo, Celso O.;Noort, Simon Van	Azevedo, Celso O., Noort, Simon Van (2019): Review of Afrotropical Glenosema Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of 13 new species. Zootaxa 4585 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.3.1
038C94696D30FFC49AB4F9A6FE16FF71.text	038C94696D30FFC49AB4F9A6FE16FF71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glenosema mxinwa Azevedo & Noort 2019	<div><p>Glenosema mxinwa Azevedo &amp; van Noort, sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 12</p><p>Description, holotype Ƌ. Body length 2.0 mm. Forewing length 1.2 mm.</p><p>Colour. Head black, antenna dark castaneous almost black, mandible from black proximally to dark castaneous distally, palpi dark castaneous; mesosoma black, legs dark castaneous with tarsi castaneous, wings hyaline, veins light castaneous; metasoma dark castaneous.</p><p>Head. Mandible 0.4 × LH, distinctly wider distally, distal teeth large. Clypeus with trapezoidal median lobe, its surface inclined at about 45 o, median area elevated and sharp but forming carina, apical margin almost straight in dorsal view, triangular in frontal view, lateral lobe short. Antennal foramina distant each other about 1.83 × antennal foramen diameter. First four antennomeres in ratio 14:6:11:11. Antenna almost reaching metasomal segment II, pedicel as long as wide, flagellomeres less than twice as long as wide; flagellar pubescence dense, short and appressed with some sub-erect outstanding setae; sensilla dark castaneous, short, dense, aligned in longitudinal series of about 4–5 in each flagellomere. Eye subcircular, mid-sized, placed at medial area of head in lateral view, with very sparse and short setae. Frons strongly coriaceous, punctures small, shallow, very sparse one another; frontal line as polished impression, short. LH 0.93 × WH. WF 0.67 × WH. WF 1.86 × HE. OOL 1.49 × WOT. VOL 1.09 × HE. Distance of posterior ocellus to vertex crest 1.25 × DAO. Distance of anterior ocellus to supra-ocular line 2.8 × DAO. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute; ocellar triangle not elongate, POL 2.34 × DAO. Vertex straight, sides of head posterior to eye parallel for short distance. Occipital carina complete. Malar space 0.32 × as long as wide. Hypostomal carina almost straight, angled medially.</p><p>Mesosoma. Mesothorax strongly coriaceous as frons. Dorsal pronotal area subtrapezoidal, wider than long; anterior discal margin not outlined. Mesonotum divided into anteromesoscutum and mesoscutellar-axillary complex, clearly separated by transscutal fissure. Anteromesoscutum slightly shorter than mesoscutellum, notauli absent, parapsidal signal almost complete, well impressed. Mesoscutum-mesoscutellar suture conspicuous, long, deep, anterior and posterior margins straight medially and curved laterally, posterior margin not notched medially, lateral end dilated and blunt. Metapectal-propodeal disc mostly coriaceous, otherwise areolate anteriorly and besides metapostnotal median, with very few setae closed to lateral carina, surface flat centrally and convex peripherally, median length 0.76 × median width, metapostnotal median complete and well impressed, paraspiracular carinae absent; lateral carina present and conspicuous; posterior carina complete; spiracle small, slender, placed at lateral carina with opening dorsad. Propodeal declivity strongly coriaceous, surface subvertical and flat, median carina absent. Lateral surface of metapectal-propodeal complex strongly coriaceous. Mesopleuron with mesepimeron not visible, mesopleural suture well outlined, mesopleural pit small, shallow. Forewing with two closed cells, costal vein absent.</p><p>Metasoma. Weakly coriaceous, tergite II 2.2 × as long as tergite III, with pair of subcircular, not excavated light antero-lateral spots. Hypopygium triangular, posterior margin not angularly produced. Genitalia: diminute, about 283 µm long, paramere double, dorsal one narrow, progressively widening apicad, apex rounded, ventral one sickle-shaped, slightly wider and longer than dorsal one, ventral margin angularly outcurved medially, apex rounded. Cuspis bifid, ventral arm short with rounded apex, dorsal arm long, wide, with blunt apex. Aedeagus subbottle-shaped, progressively narrowing apicad, basal and apical portions not outlined; apical filamentous apparently absent; apodeme not thick, straight, not surpassing genital ring; dorsal half of genital ring slightly more advanced basad than ventral half.</p><p>Variation. Head wider or longer, about LH 0.9–1.0 × WH; median clypeal lobe more produced and the trapezoidal shape more clearly defined. Specimen from Hantam National Botanical Garden with ventral arm of paramere distinctly narrower</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♂, South Africa, Western Cape, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, 33°39.504’S 21°53.947’E, 322 m, 4.xi.2009 – 19.ii.2010, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.899117&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.6584" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.899117/lat -33.6584)">Gamka Thicket</a>, GB09- SUC4 -M28 (SAM- HYM-A027217) . Paratypes. South Africa, Western Cape: 3♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, 33°39.941′S 21°53.505′E, 315m, 23.xii.2008 - 16.i.2009, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, Gamka Thicket GB09- SUC1 -M01 (SAM- HYM-P087538, SAM-HYM-P087539 *); 2♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, 33°39.941′S 21°53.505′E, 315m, 16 Jan–8 Feb 2009, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, Gamka Thicket GB09- SUC1 -M02 (SAM-HYM-P087540, SAM- HYM-P087541); 1♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, 33°39.941′S 21°53.505′E, 315m, 8 Feb–21 Mar 2009, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, Gamka Thicket GB09- SUC1 -M03 (SAM-HYM-P087542); South Africa, Northern Cape: 1♂, Hantam National Botanical Garden, 741m, 31°24.182′S 19°08.587′E, 27 January–2 March 2009, S van Noort, Yellow pan trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.143116&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.403034" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.143116/lat -31.403034)">Nieuwoudtville Shale Renosterveld</a>, GL07- REN3 -Y40 (SAM-HYM-P087543) ; 2♂, Hantam National Botanical Garden, 741m, 31°24.182′S 19°08.587′E, 2–23 March 2009, S van Noort, Yellow pan trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.143116&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.403034" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.143116/lat -31.403034)">Nieuwoudtville Shale Renosterveld</a>, GL07- REN3 -Y52 (SAM-HYM-P0 87544, SAM-HYM-P087545) ; 1♂, Hantam National Botanical Garden, 749m, 31°20.602′S 19°11.695′E, 2–23 March 2009, S van Noort, Yellow pan trap, Hantam Succulent Karoo, GL07- SUC1 -Y61 (SAM-HYM-P087546) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species and G. lingana sp. nov. differ from all other Afrotropical species by having the dorsal arm of the paramere narrow, even narrower than the ventral one. This species, however, has the paramere with the dorsal arm shorter than the ventral one, and the dorsal margin of the ventral arm outcurved, whereas G. lingana sp. nov. has the paramere with the dorsal arm as long as the ventral one, and the dorsal margin of the ventral arm angled.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet mxinwa is an adjective from IsiXhosa, which means narrow, in allusion to the narrow parameral dorsal arm. Distribution. South Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C94696D30FFC49AB4F9A6FE16FF71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Azevedo, Celso O.;Noort, Simon Van	Azevedo, Celso O., Noort, Simon Van (2019): Review of Afrotropical Glenosema Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of 13 new species. Zootaxa 4585 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.3.1
038C94696D3EFFC69AB4FA8CFE16FC64.text	038C94696D3EFFC69AB4FA8CFE16FC64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glenosema lingana Azevedo & Noort 2019	<div><p>Glenosema lingana Azevedo &amp; van Noort, sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 13</p><p>Description, holotype Ƌ. Body length 2.3 mm. Forewing length 1.58 mm.</p><p>Colour. Head black, antenna black, mandible black with dark castaneous teeth, palpi dark castaneous; mesosoma black, legs dark castaneous with tarsi lighter, wings hyaline, veins light castaneous; metasoma dark castaneous.</p><p>Head. Mandible 0.47 × LH, distinctly wider distally, distal teeth large. Clypeus with trapezoidal median lobe, its surface inclined at about 45 o, median area elevated and sharp but forming carina, apical margin almost straight in dorsal view, triangular in frontal view, lateral lobe short. Antennal foramina distant each other about 2.0 × antennal foramen diameter. First four antennomeres in ratio 18:7:15:17. Antenna almost reaching metasomal segment II, pedicel as long as wide, flagellomeres slightly less than twice as long as wide; flagellar pubescence dense, short and appressed with some sub-erect outstanding setae; sensilla light castaneous, short, dense, aligned in longitudinal series of about 5 in each flagellomere. Eye subcircular, small, placed at medial area of head in lateral view, with very sparse and short setae. Frons strongly coriaceous, punctures small, shallow, very sparse one another; frontal line inconspicuously sulcate. LH 1.07 × WH. WF 0.64 × WH. WF 1.78 × HE. OOL 1.88 × WOT. VOL 1.52 × HE. Distance of posterior ocellus to vertex crest 2.2 × DAO. Distance of anterior ocellus to supraocular line 1.33 × DAO. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute; ocellar triangle not elongate, POL 1.33 × DAO. Vertex slightly outcurved, sides of head posterior to eye parallel for short distance. Occipital carina complete. Malar space 0.38 × as long as wide. Hypostomal carina straight, angled medially.</p><p>Mesosoma. Mesothorax strongly coriaceous and punctured as frons. Dorsal pronotal area subtrapezoidal, wider than long; anterior discal margin not outlined. Mesonotum divided into anteromesoscutum and mesoscutellar-axillary complex, clearly separated by transscutal fissure. Anteromesoscutum slightly shorter than mesoscutellum, notauli absent, parapsidal signal complete, well impressed. Mesoscutum-mesoscutellar suture conspicuous, long, deep, anterior and posterior margins slightly arched, posterior margin notched medially, lateral end dilated and rounded. Metapectal-propodeal disc mostly very weakly areolate posteriorly, with some long striae carina-like, with very few setae closed to lateral carina, surface flat centrally and convex peripherally, median length 0.72 × median width, metapostnotal median complete and well impressed, paraspiracular carinae ill-defined; lateral carina present and conspicuous; posterior carina complete; spiracle small, slender, placed at disc. Propodeal declivity weakly coriaceous, surface subvertical and flat, median carina absent. Lateral surface of metapectalpropodeal complex weakly polished. Mesopleuron with mesepimeron not visible, mesopleural suture well outlined, mesopleural pit small, shallow. Forewing with two closed cells, costal vein absent.</p><p>Metasoma. Weakly coriaceous to coriaceous, tergite II 2.6 × as long as tergite III, with pair of elliptical, excavated dark antero-lateral spots. Hypopygium triangular, posterior margin not angularly produced. Genitalia: diminute, about 331 µm long, paramere double, dorsal one narrow, progressively widening apicad, apex rounded, ventral one slightly wider and longer than dorsal one, ventral margin angularly outcurved basally, apex rounded. Cuspis bifid, ventral arm slightly shorter and narrower than dorsal one, with rounded apex, dorsal arm long, wide, with rounded apex. Aedeagus subbottle-shaped, progressively narrowing apicad, basal and apical portions not outlined; apical filamentous apparently absent; apodeme not thick, straight, not surpassing genital ring; dorsal half of genital ring slightly more advanced basad than ventral half.</p><p>Variation. Frontal line with a small callus at its posterior end; metapectal-propodeal complex more or less striated.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype, ♂, Koeberg Nature Reserve, 33°37.622'S 18°24.259'E, 20 Feb–20 Mar 1998, S van Noort, Malaise trap KO97-M24, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.404316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.627033" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.404316/lat -33.627033)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-P087553) ;</p><p>Paratypes. South Africa, E. Cape, 2♂ Februarie Farm (39.9 km 268° W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.051517&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.546883" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.051517/lat -33.546883)">Kirkwood</a>), 33°32.813’S 25°03.091’E, 14–16 Feb 2001, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, VB01-R2N-M56 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.051517&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.546883" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.051517/lat -33.546883)">Valley Bushveld</a> (non-trashed) (SAM- HYM-A027202, SAM-HYM-P087547) ; 1♂, Februarie Farm (40.2 km 267° W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.050716&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.552067" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.050716/lat -33.552067)">Kirkwood</a>), 33°33.124’S 25°03.043’E, 14–16 Feb 2001, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, VB01-R1N-M54 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.050716&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.552067" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.050716/lat -33.552067)">Valley Bushveld</a> (non-trashed) (SAM- HYM-A027203) ; South Africa, Western Cape: 1♂, Koeberg Nature Reserve, 33°37.622'S 18°24.259'E, 16 May– 13 June 1997, S van Noort, Malaise trap KO97-M02, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.404316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.627033" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.404316/lat -33.627033)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-P087548) ; 1♂, Koeberg Nature Reserve, 33°37.622'S 18°24.259'E, 11 July–8 Aug 1997, S van Noort, Malaise trap KO97-M06, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.404316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.627033" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.404316/lat -33.627033)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-P087549) ; 1♂, Koeberg Nature Reserve, 33°37.622'S 18°24.259'E, 28 Nov–27 Dec 1997, S van Noort, Malaise trap KO97-M16, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.404316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.627033" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.404316/lat -33.627033)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-P087550) ; 1♂, Koeberg Nature Reserve, 33°37.622'S 18°24.259'E, 27 Dec 1997 – 23 Jan 1998, S van Noort, Malaise trap KO97-M18, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.404316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.627033" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.404316/lat -33.627033)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-P087551) ; 1♂, Koeberg Nature Reserve, 33°37.622'S 18°24.259'E, 23 Jan–20 Feb 1998, S van Noort, Malaise trap KO97-M19, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.404316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.627033" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.404316/lat -33.627033)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-P087552) ; 2♂, same data as holotype (SAM-HYM-P087554 *); 1♂, Koeberg Nature Reserve, 33°37.622'S 18°24.259'E, 20 Mar–17 April 1998, S van Noort, Malaise trap KO97-M30, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.404316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.627033" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.404316/lat -33.627033)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-P087555) ; 2♂, Koeberg Nature Reserve, 33°37.622'S 18°24.259'E, 17 April–15 May 1998, S van Noort, Malaise trap KO97-M31, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.404316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.627033" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.404316/lat -33.627033)">West Coast Strandveld</a> (SAM-HYM-P08 7556, SAM-HYM-P087557) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to G. mxinwa (see previous diagnosis).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet lingana is an adjective from IsiXhosa, which means equal, in allusion to having the dorsal and ventral parameral arms equal in length.</p><p>Distribution. South Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C94696D3EFFC69AB4FA8CFE16FC64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Azevedo, Celso O.;Noort, Simon Van	Azevedo, Celso O., Noort, Simon Van (2019): Review of Afrotropical Glenosema Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of 13 new species. Zootaxa 4585 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.3.1
038C94696D3CFFC09AB4FBC7FE16FE01.text	038C94696D3CFFC09AB4FBC7FE16FE01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glenosema uphahla Azevedo & Noort 2019	<div><p>Glenosema uphahla Azevedo &amp; van Noort, sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 14</p><p>Description, holotype Ƌ. Body length 2.8 mm. Forewing length 1.7 mm.</p><p>Colour. Head black, scape black, pedicel almost black, flagellomeres dark castaneous, mandible from black proximally to dark castaneous distally, palpi dark castaneous; mesosoma black, legs dark castaneous with tarsi castaneous, wings hyaline, veins light castaneous; metasoma dark castaneous.</p><p>Head. Mandible 0.57 × LH, distinctly wider distally, distal teeth large. Clypeus with well-projected trapezoidal median lobe, its surface inclined at 45 o, median area elevated and sharp but forming carina, apical margin concave in dorsal view, triangular in frontal view, lateral lobe short. Antennal foramina distant each other about 1.3 × antennal foramen diameter. First four antennomeres in ratio 29:9:19:19. Antenna almost reaching transverse posterior carina of metapectal-propodeal disc, pedicel slightly longer than wide, flagellomeres more than twice as long as wide; flagellar pubescence dense, short and appressed with some sub-erect outstanding setae; sensilla pale, elongate, dense, aligned in longitudinal series of about 4–5 in each flagellomere. Eye suboval, mid-sized, placed at middle-dorsal area of head in lateral view, with very sparse and short setae. Frons strongly coriaceous, punctures small, shallow, very sparse one another; frontal line as polished impression, short. LH 1.03 × WH. WF 0.65 × WH. WF 1.63 × HE. OOL 1.5 × WOT. VOL 1.11 × HE. Distance of posterior ocellus to vertex crest 2.4 × DAO. Distance of anterior ocellus to supra-ocular line 1.6 × DAO. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute; ocellar triangle not elongate, POL 2.4 × DAO. Vertex almost straight, sides of head posterior to eye parallel for short distance. Occipital carina complete. Malar space 0.38 × as long as wide. Hypostomal carina almost straight, angled medially, median half very thick.</p><p>Mesosoma. Mesothorax strongly coriaceous as frons. Dorsal pronotal area subtrapezoidal, wider than long; anterior discal margin not outlined. Mesonotum divided into anteromesoscutum and mesoscutellar-axillary complex, clearly separated by transscutal fissure. Anteromesoscutum as long as mesoscutellum, notauli absent, parapsidal signal almost complete, well impressed. Mesoscutum-mesoscutellar suture conspicuous, deep, anterior and posterior margins straight medially and curved laterally, posterior margin not notched medially, lateral end dilated and blunt. Metapectal-propodeal disc strongly areolate and posteriorly also substriate, glabrous, surface flat centrally and convex peripherally, median length 0.82 × median width, metapostnotal median and paraspiracular carinae absent; lateral carina present and conspicuous; posterior carina complete; spiracle small, slender, placed at disc. Propodeal declivity strongly areolate, surface subvertical and flat, median carina absent. Lateral surface of metapectal-propodeal complex strongly areolate and substriate. Prosternum median-sized and concave. Mesopleuron with mesepimeron not visible, mesopleural suture well outlined, mesopleural pit small, deep. Forewing with two closed cells, costal vein absent.</p><p>Metasoma. Strongly coriaceous, tergite II 3.0 × as long as tergite III, with pair of elliptical light antero-lateral spots. Hypopygium triangular, posterior margin not angularly produced. Genitalia: paramere double, dorsal one diamond-shaped, ventral one evenly narrow with somewhat sharp apex; dorsal margin of basiparamere very produced inward, slightly covering aedeagal base. Cuspis bifid, ventral arm somewhat long with rounded apex, dorsal arm even longer than ventral one, slightly wider at mid-height, with rounded apex. Aedeagus bottle-shaped, progressively narrowing apicad so that basal and apical portions are not distinguishable, filamentous and membranous apex short and not curved outward; apodeme slightly dilated basally, not surpassing genital ring; dorsal half of genital ring much more advanced basad than ventral half.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♂, South Africa, Western Cape, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.949533&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.729084" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.949533/lat -33.729084)">Gamkaberg Nature Reserve</a>, 33°43.745’S 21°56.972’E, 1000 m, 30 Mar–24 July 2010, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, Renosterveld, GB 09-REN1-M39 (SAM- HYM-A027207) . Paratype: 1♂, South Africa, E. Cape, Februarie Farm (39.9 km 268° W Kirkwood), 33°32.813’S 25°03.091’E, 10–12 Feb 2001, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, VB01-R2N-M24 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.051517&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.546883" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.051517/lat -33.546883)">Valley Bushveld</a> (nontrashed) (SAM-HYM-A027212) .</p><p>Variation. Body smaller; head slightly wider than long; cuspis with ventral arm narrower basally and apex of dorsal arm somewhat blunt; but the most prominent variation is the paratype has the metapectal-propodeal disc not strongly areolate nor posteriorly substriate.</p><p>Diagnosis. The genitalia of the holotype are protracted, so we did not dissect them. Because of that the description of more internal parts of genitalia was based on the paratype. This species is unique among the Afrotropical species of Glenosema by having the dorsal margin of the basiparamere expanded so that it covers part of the aedeagal base. The arms of cuspis are also longer than the pattern found in most Glenosema .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet uphahla is a noun in apposition from IsiXhosa, which means roof, it is in allusion to the wide basiparamere that covers a bit of the aedeagal base.</p><p>Distribution. South Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C94696D3CFFC09AB4FBC7FE16FE01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Azevedo, Celso O.;Noort, Simon Van	Azevedo, Celso O., Noort, Simon Van (2019): Review of Afrotropical Glenosema Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of 13 new species. Zootaxa 4585 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.3.1
038C94696D3AFFC29AB4FE24FE16FCB1.text	038C94696D3AFFC29AB4FE24FE16FCB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glenosema tyheli Azevedo & Noort 2019	<div><p>Glenosema tyheli Azevedo &amp; van Noort, sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 15</p><p>Description, holotype Ƌ. Body length 1.8 mm. Forewing length 1.15 mm.</p><p>Colour. Head, clypeus, mandible and mesosoma infuscate yellowish castaneous, palpi, scape and pedicel yellowish castaneous more strongly infuscate, flagellomeres blackish castaneous, legs infuscate yellowish castaneous with femora and tibiae more infuscate, metasoma dark castaneous; wings hyaline, veins light castaneous; metasoma dark castaneous.</p><p>Head. Mandible 0.46 × LH, wider distally, distal teeth small. Clypeus with trapezoidal median lobe, its surface inclined at more than 45 o, median area elevated but forming carina, apical margin straight in both dorsal and frontal view, lateral lobe short. Antennal foramina distant each other about 1.2 × antennal foramen diameter. First four antennomeres in ratio 20:6:15:15. Antenna reaching metasomal tergite II, pedicel slightly longer than wide, flagellomeres more than twice as long as wide; flagellar pubescence dense, short and subappressed with some suberect outstanding setae; sensilla pale, elongate, dense, aligned in longitudinal series of about 3 in each flagellomere. Eye subcircular, small, placed at mid-dorsal area of head in lateral view, with sparse and short setae. Frons coriaceous, punctures very small, inconspicuous, shallow, very sparse one another; frontal line sulcate and short. LH 1.25 × WH. WF 0.72 × WH. WF 1.49 × HE. OOL 2.05 × WOT. VOL 1.21 × HE. Distance of posterior ocellus to vertex crest 2.0 × DAO. Distance of anterior ocellus to supra-ocular line 2.58 × DAO. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute; ocellar triangle compact, POL 1.0 × DAO. Vertex shortly straight medially, sides of head posterior to eye converging posterad. Occipital carina complete and conspicuous, visible in dorsal view. Malar space 0.34 × as long as wide. Hypostomal carina almost straight, somewhat thickening mesad, not angled medially.</p><p>Mesosoma. Mesothorax slightly less coriaceous than frons. Dorsal pronotal area subtrapezoidal, wider than long; disc depressed forward, anterior discal margin not outlined. Mesonotum divided into anteromesoscutum and mesoscutellar-axillary complex, clearly separated by transscutal fissure. Anteromesoscutum short, shorter than mesoscutellum, notauli absent, parapsidal signal almost complete. Mesoscutum-mesoscutellar suture conspicuous, deep, anterior and posterior margins straight medially and curved laterally, posterior margin not notched medially, lateral end dilated and rounded. Metapectal-propodeal disc areolate, almost glabrous, surface flat centrally and very convex peripherally, median length 1.34 × median width, metapostnotal median, metapostnotal-propodeal, paraspiracular carina absent; lateral carina complete but weak; transverse posterior carina complete but very weak, almost imperceptible medially; spiracle small, subcircular, placed below lateral carina. Propodeal declivity weakly areolate, surface subvertical and badly convex, median carina absent. Lateral surface of metapectal-propodeal complex weakly areolate. Prosternum median-sized and flat. Mesopleuron with mesepimeron and mesepisternum completely separated by mesopleural suture, mesopleural pit small and shallow. Forewing with two closed cells, costal vein absent.</p><p>Metasoma. Polished to weakly coriaceous, tergite II about 3.6 × as long as tergite III, with pair of elongate, not excavated light antero-lateral spots. Hypopygium subtriangular, posterior margin not angularly produced. Genitalia: diminute, about 200 µm long, paramere double, dorsal one wide with rounded apex, both dorsal and ventral margins slightly outcurved, ventral one narrow with apical third slightly wider, rounded apex. Cuspis bifid, ventral arm narrow and short with rounded apex, dorsal arm wide and long with blunt apex. Aedeagus subbottleshaped, basal portion slightly dilated, about 0.5 × as long as aedeagus; apical portion somewhat thick, about 0.5 × as long as aedeagus, filamentous and membranous apex short and not curved outward; apodeme not thickening basad, straight, not surpassing genital ring; dorsal half of genital ring more advanced basad than ventral half.</p><p>Variation. Although this species is relatively abundant with more than 100 specimens, the range of variation is not great. The most conspicuous variable character is the body length, which varies from 1.2 to 1.9 mm. The texture of the smaller specimens is less accentuated. The color can be slightly lighter or darker and in a few specimens such variation can be more accentuated. The indices and measurements in general vary a little. The apical margin of the median clypeal lobe can be slightly outcurved. The apical third of ventral arm of the paramere can be inconspicuously wider, especially in the smaller specimens.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype, ♂, South Africa, Northern Cape, Tswalu Kalahari Reserve, Site DED2, 1245m, 27°17.339’S 22°29.022’E, 23 October–6 Dec 2015, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.4837&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.288982" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.4837/lat -27.288982)">Koranna-Langeberg Mountain Bushveld</a>, Acacia erioloba, Euphorbia on rocky hillside, Savanna Biome, TSW15 - DED2 -M04 (SAM- HYM-P087558) . Paratypes. South Africa, Northern Cape: 71♂, same data as holotype (SAM-HYM-P087559, SAM-HYM-P08 7560, SAM-HYM-P0 87561, SAM-HYM-P087562, SAM-HYM-P087563, SAM-HYM-P08 7564, SAM-HYM-P08 7565, SAM-HYM-P0 87566, SAM-HYM-P087567, SAM-HYM-P087568, SAM-HYM-P08 7569, SAM-HYM-P08 7570, SAM-HYM-P0 87571, SAM-HYM-P087572, SAM-HYM-P087573, SAM-HYM-P08 7574, SAM-HYM-P08 7575, SAM-HYM-P0 87576, SAM-HYM-P087577, SAM-HYM-P087578, SAM-HYM-P08 7594, SAM-HYM-P08 7595, SAM-HYM-P0 87596, SAM-HYM-P087597, SAM-HYM-P087598, SAM-HYM-P08 7599, SAM-HYM-P08 7600, SAM-HYM-P0 87601, SAM-HYM-P087602, SAM-HYM-P087603, SAM-HYM-P08 7604, SAM-HYM-P08 7605, SAM-HYM-P0 87606, SAM-HYM-P087607, SAM-HYM-P087608, SAM-HYM-P08 7609, SAM-HYM-P08 7610, SAM-HYM-P087611, SAM-HYM-P0 87612, SAM-HYM-P087613, SAM-HYM-P08 7614, SAM-HYM-P08 7615, SAM-HYM-P0 87616, SAM-HYM-P087617, SAM-HYM-P087618, SAM-HYM-P08 7619, SAM-HYM-P08 7620, SAM-HYM-P087621, SAM-HYM-P087622, SAM-HYM-P0 8763, SAM-HYM-P0 8764, SAM-HYM-P08 7625, SAM-HYM-P0 87626, SAM-HYM-P087627, SAM-HYM-P087628, SAM-HYM-P08 7629, SAM-HYM-P08 7630, SAM-HYM-P0 87631, SAM-HYM-P087632, SAM-HYM-P087633, SAM-HYM-P08 7634, SAM-HYM-P08 7635, SAM-HYM-P0 87636, SAM-HYM-P087637, SAM-HYM-P087638, SAM-HYM-P08 7639, SAM-HYM-P08 7640, SAM-HYM-P0 87641, SAM-HYM-P087642, SAM-HYM-P087643); 2♂, Tswalu Kalahari Reserve, Site BOS2, 1270m, 27°18.449’S 22°31.794’E, 25 October–6 Dec 2015, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.5299&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.307484" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.5299/lat -27.307484)">Kathu Bushveld</a>, Acacia, Boscia, Savanna Biome, TSW15 - BOS2 -M03 (SAM-HYM-P0875 709, SAM-HYM-P087580) ; 20♂, Tswalu Kalahari Reserve, Site BOS2, 1270m, 27°18.449’S 22°31.794’E, 6 Dec 2015 – 10 Feb 2016, S. van Noort, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.5299&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.307484" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.5299/lat -27.307484)">Malaise</a> trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.5299&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.307484" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.5299/lat -27.307484)">Kathu Bushveld</a>, Acacia, Boscia, Savanna Biome, TSW15 - BOS2 -M06 (SAM-HYM- P087581 *, SAM-HYM-P087582 *, SAM-HYM-P087583 *, SAM-HYM-P087584 *, SAM-HYM-P087585 *, SAM- HYM-P087586, SAM-HYM-P0 87587, SAM-HYM-P087588 *, SAM-HYM-P087589, SAM-HYM-P08 7644, SAM-HYM-P08 7645, SAM-HYM-P0 87646, SAM-HYM-P087647, SAM-HYM-P087648) ; 4♂, Tswalu Kalahari Reserve, Site DED3, 1245m, 27°17.130'S 22°29.102'E, 6 Dec 2015 – 10 Feb 2016, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.485033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.2855" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.485033/lat -27.2855)">Olifantshoek Plains Thornveld</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.485033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.2855" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.485033/lat -27.2855)">Savanna Biome</a>, TSW15 - DED3 -M07 (SAM-HYM-P08 7590, SAM-HYM- P087591, SAM-HYM-P0 87592, SAM-HYM-P087593) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The genitalia of the holotype are protracted, so we did not dissect them. Because of that the description of more internal parts of genitalia was based on the paratype. This species differs from all other species by having two conspicuous features, the yellowish castaneous body and the apical third of the ventral arm of the paramere somewhat sub-club-shaped, both unique in Glenosema .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet tyheli is an adjective from IsiXhosa, which means yellow, and it is in allusion to the unusual yellowish predominant body colour.</p><p>Distribution. South Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C94696D3AFFC29AB4FE24FE16FCB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Azevedo, Celso O.;Noort, Simon Van	Azevedo, Celso O., Noort, Simon Van (2019): Review of Afrotropical Glenosema Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of 13 new species. Zootaxa 4585 (3): 401-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4585.3.1
