taxonID	type	description	language	source
038CDB21FF96A22CFF65F8B2611BFF37.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Acanthogorgiidae having non-retractile polyps without spine-like sclerites projecting around summit of polyps; tentacular sclerites are scales or absent; polyp and coenenchymal sclerites in the form of stout tuberculate spindles, occasionally club like, those of polyps not en chevron.	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF95A22BFF65FEDB6365FD67.taxon	description	Figures 1 a, 2 a, 3	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF95A22BFF65FEDB6365FD67.taxon	description	? Stenogorgia beringi; Kükenthal 1919: 918, 1924: 348 (Japan).	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF95A22BFF65FEDB6365FD67.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype USNM 30044, SE of Agattu Island, Aleutian Islands, East Bering Sea, 52 ° 01 ' N, 174 ° 39 ' E, 1046 fathoms (1914 m), USFC Albatross Northwestern Pacific Expedition sta. 4780, Trawl — Agassiz beam, 8 ft, 7 June 1906, one nearly complete colony; other material examined by Dr. Bayer: USNM 1006240, Great Sitkin Island, Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands, East Bering Sea, 52.00 ° N, 176.642 ° E, AB 01 - 43, depth 298 m, coll. Slear, J., 13 November 2000, dry; other material: USNM 8848, Chica Island, Akutan Pass, Fox Islands, Aleutian Islands, East Bering Sea, U. S. Coast Survey, coll. Dall, William Healey, dry; USNM 100806, Amatignak Island, Delarof Islands, Aleutian Islands, East Bering Sea, 51 ° N, 179 ° W (cf. 51 ° 15 ’ 26.40 ” N, 179 ° 06 ’ 18.60 ” W), R / V Pacific Knight, cruise 941, haul 161, 18 July 1994; USNM 1004602, Bering Sea, 52 ° N, 177 ° W, AB 01 - 45, 26 February 2001, dry; USNM 1006249, Bering Sea, AB 01 - 4, sample # AE 114, coll. Slear, J., 4 December 2000, dry; USNM 1006324, SE of Rat Islands, Aleutian Islands, East Bering Sea, 52.231 ° N, 175.159 ° E, depth to 182 m, R / V Alaska Sea, AB 00 - 38, coll. Palmer, D., 26 January 2000, dry.	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF95A22BFF65FEDB6365FD67.taxon	description	Description (after Nutting and the manuscript of Bayer). The holotype is 7.9 cm long and 7 cm wide (Figure 2 a), a holdfast is lacking. The cylindrical polyps are situated all around the branches and are up to 1.75 mm long and 1 mm wide. The infolded tentacles contain small, flattened scales, up to 0.10 mm long, sparsely ornamented with simple, rounded projections (Figure 3 a). These extend along the tentacle bases and intergrade with longer, more closely sculptured capstans, belted spindles and cylinders densely filling the polyps and coenenchyme, 0.05 – 0.15 mm long (Figure 3 b). A few poorly developed clubs (Figure 3 b top) and crosses (Figure 3 c) are also present, with similar size as the spindles and cylinders.	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF95A22BFF65FEDB6365FD67.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Western Aleutian Islands, West Bering Sea. The type locality is actually SE of Agattu Island in the Near Island group of the western Aleutians, in the south edge of West Bering Sea, in 1914 m, rather than in the Bering Sea as stated by Nutting (Figure 1 a). The only locality with western longitude, Amatignak Island is the southernmost point of Alaska, as well as the westernmost longitude of Alaska, located in the West Bering Sea.	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF95A22BFF65FEDB6365FD67.taxon	discussion	Remarks (partly after the manuscript of Bayer). Nutting’s original description and photograph of the colony adequately show the appearance of the preserved colony, but a new photograph is presented (Figure 2 a) for comparison with the other species considered here. Nutting’s description and illustration of the sclerites do not adequately characterize the species, and apparently misled Kükenthal (1924: 348), who wrote that the tubercles of the sclerites “ in unregelmässigen Gürteln stehen ” (placed in irregular whorls). Nutting was misled by the resemblance of its regularly belted spindles, which resemble the sclerites of many gorgonians. He observed (1912: 96) that it “ has longer and more prominent calyces than any other species of the genus ” but did not notice that the polyps are not retractile as always is the case in gorgoniids. It is not clear whether the material from Japan identified by Bielschowsky (1918) and Kükenthal (1919) really is this species; it was not examined by us. Although Kükenthal (1919, 1924) was correct in removing Leptogorgia beringi from the genus Leptogorgia, his assignment of the species to Stenogorgia (= Swiftia) is untenable because the polyps of that genus are more or less completely retractile within distinct calyces owing to the presence of a neck-zone nearly or completely devoid of sclerites. The original description of Nutting (1912) and later re-description of Bayer did not mention the presence of clubs in the polyps, which are however present in the type material, though poorly developed and in low numbers (Figure 4 d).	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF92A22BFF65FD2B63A3FA5D.taxon	description	Figures 1 a, 2 c – d, 4 – 5 http: // zoobank. org / 7050 EC 0 C- 7 AE 5 - 439 C-AE 76 - 3997997 ABEFC	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF92A22BFF65FD2B63A3FA5D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype, USNM 1013069, Tanaga Pass west of Tanaga Island, Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea, 51 ° N 137.64 ' N 178 ° 19.2 ' W, depth 375 m, bottom temp. 4 ° C, F / V Pacific Knight, cruise 94 - 1, haul 121, 5 July, 1994 (Figure 2 c); paratypes USNM 1004615 Amchitka Pass, Rat Islands, Aleutian Islands, 51.2885 ° N 178.947 ° E, depth 347 – 391 m, field number AB 01 - 65, coll. McCluskey, P. (Figure 2 d); USNM 1010177, Semisopochnoi Island, Rat Islands, Aleutian Islands, West Bering Sea, 52.1756 ° N 179.608 ° E, depth 128 – 135 m, R / V Dominator, st. 135, 24 June 2000.	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF92A22BFF65FD2B63A3FA5D.taxon	description	Description. The holotype is 7 cm wide and 10 cm high (Figure 2 c). The stem is 2 cm long and about 6 mm wide. The polyps are about 9 – 10 mm high and 5 – 6 mm wide. Tentacles without sclerites. Polyps with poorly developed clubs (Figure 4 a), up to 0.60 mm long and spindles up to 0.90 mm long (Figure 4 b – c); all with simple tubercles. The coenenchyme with smaller spindles, 0.20 – 0.50 mm long, with more developed tubercles (Figure 4 c).	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF92A22BFF65FD2B63A3FA5D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin gigantea, giant or very large, referring to the large polyps and sclerites Colour. The preserved holotype is white, all sclerites are colorless.	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF92A22BFF65FD2B63A3FA5D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Aleutian Islands, both East and West Bering Sea in 128 – 391 m (Figure 1 a).	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF92A22BFF65FD2B63A3FA5D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The colony of USNM 1004615 is rather slender and has smaller polyps than the holotype (Figure 2 d) but its polyp sclerites (Figure 5 a – b) are very much like those of the holotype. The coenenchyme has smaller spindles, up to 0.20 mm long, and some capstans (Figure 5 c). Calcigorgia gigantea sp. n. is unique in the genus by its large polyps and sclerites.	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF92A227FF65F9FB66C1FE6A.taxon	description	Figures 1 b, 6 a – c, 7 – 8 http: // zoobank. org / 0433555 C- 8 C 5 E- 40 A 8 - 8 B 5 F- 3 C 9306 A 86 EC 5 Acanthogorgiidae sp. Takahashi et al. 2016: 32 (Nojima Submarine Canyon, Japan).	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF92A227FF65F9FB66C1FE6A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype USNM 60280, Shio Misaki Light N 75 ° E, 9.6 mi, Japan, 33 ° 23 ' 30 " N, 135 ° 34 ' E, 1188 m, U. S. F. C. str. Albatross sta. 4971, 27 August 1906, SEM 2537, 2538 of Bayer; other material: JAMSTEC No. 1120034415, Nojima canyon branch, So-O Trough, Sagami Trough, off Boso, Japan, 34 ° 46 ' 42.60 " N, 139 ° 50 ' 18.66 " E, 1497 m, dive HPD # 1426, B 05, R / V Natsushima, NT 12 - 22, coll. R. Mimori, 23 August 2012.	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF92A227FF65F9FB66C1FE6A.taxon	description	Description (modified after the manuscript of Bayer). The holotype is 4 cm wide and 5.2 cm high, 8 cm if the extremely flexible main branch is fully stretched out (Figure 6 a). The stem is 1.5 cm long and about 1 mm wide. The colony is sparsely branched in an openly pinnate manner, not strictly in one plane. Six lateral branches arise from the primary axis in alternating sequence, the lowest three of these giving rise in turn to shorter twigs. The principal axis extends about 5.5 cm beyond the uppermost lateral branch. Regular lateral branching forms the colony, with branches thread-like, less than a mm wide. The brown axis is visible through the thin coenenchyme. The denuded axis of the main trunk is about 0.6 mm in diameter roughly 5 mm above the base; the extremely slender branches taper little if at all distally, being about 0.35 – 0.4 mm in diameter throughout. The non-retractile polyps are arranged spirally around the branches, they form cylindrical polyps 1.75 mm high and 0.75 – 0.8 mm in diameter with tentacles folded in over the mouth; they are distantly spaced, sometimes alternate, sometime opposite or nearly so, in most cases two opposite polyps at the summit of each terminal twig. Tentacles with scales, up to 0.12 mm long, with a few simple tubercles (Figure 7 a). These intergrade proximally with the sclerites of the body wall of the polyp, which include slender tuberculate spindles and club-like sclerites up to 0.3 mm long (Figure 7 b). The clubs with less tuberculate to smooth handles. Coenenchyme with capstans, small spindles and cylinders, up to 0.12 mm long, with simple or complex tubercles (Figure 7 c). A few crosses are also present (Figure 7 d). Colour. The preserved holotype is white, and all sclerites are colorless. The colony in situ is pink (Figure 6 c). Etymology. From the Latin gracilis, slender, referring to the colony shape with its slender branches, following Bayer’s manuscript. Distribution. Pacific side of Japan mainland: off Boso peninsula, Shio Misaki in 1188 – 1497 m (Figure 1 b). Variability. The holotype has somewhat less developed sclerites than the other material (Figure 8), polyp spindles with two smooth ends and clubs with a smooth handle. It also shows some crosses (Figure 7 d) not observed in the other examined material. The size of polyps of the other material is larger, about 1.5 mm high and 1 mm wide.	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF92A227FF65F9FB66C1FE6A.taxon	materials_examined	Comparisons. When first examined superficially, this specimen was identified as C. beringi owing to its slender colonial form contrasting with the coarser aspect of C. spiculifera, and to its deep-water habitat. However, the growth form is even more delicate and the branches more slender and flexible than in C. beringi, which lacks the slender clubs of the polyp walls, so it clearly cannot be accommodated in that species as defined by its original type material, which is now fully illustrated by SEM for the first time. The robust colonial form, crowded polyps, and larger polyps immediately distinguish C. spiculifera from C. gracilis as well as from C. beringi. Moreover, neither of those species has slender clubs of the type characteristic for C. gracilis. Commensals. Two of the lateral branches of holotype each bear a small ophiuroid tightly entwined around it.	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF92A227FF65F9FB66C1FE6A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The other examined material is the specimen mentioned by Takahashi et al as Acanthogorgiidae sp. When viewed with standerd illumination under the traditional stereomicroscope, the polyps of C. gracilis have a distinctly rough, even prickly aspect, owing to the spindles and slender clubs of the body wall.	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF9DA220FF65F8DA6746FEA2.taxon	description	Figures 1 c, 9 ab, 10 – 12	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF9DA220FF65F8DA6746FEA2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ZIN 11678, Skaly Lovushki I., Sea of Okhotsk, “ Novoulyanovsk ”, fishery bottom trawl Ñ 79 (maybe = Ottertrawl), bottom: unknown (trawl has been torn to pieces; all animals were collected from warps), coll. Alexander Ereskovsky, 4 October 1984; ZIN 11661, Ketoi I., Sea of Okhotsk, 47 ° 12 ' 8 N 152 ° 38 ' 1 E, depth 900 m, bottom: pebbles, Ship “ Odissey ” Cruise 34, St. 27, small dredge, coll. Mikhail Kolesnikov and Vyacheslav Bizikov, 10 January 1985; ZIN 11662, Skaly Lovushki I., Sea of Okhotsk, 48 ° 02 ' 17 N 154 ° 24 ' 05 E, depth 580 m, bottom: stones, gravel, ship “ Odissey ” st. 18, small dredge, coll. Boris Sirenko and Mikhail Kolesnikov, 3 August 1984; ZIN 11675, Skaly Lovushki I., Sea of Okhotsk, 48 ° 48 ' 54 N 153 ° 43 ' 00 E, depth 800 – 1000 m, “ Novoulyanovsk ”, fishery bottom trawl Ñ 79 (maybe = Ottertrawl), bottom: unknown (trawl has been torn to pieces; all animals were collected from warps), coll. Sergey Grebelnyi and Alexander Ereskovsky, 4 October 1984; USNM 100816 N of Four Mountains, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea, 52 ° 52.69 ’ N 169 ° 58.78 ’ W, depth 62 m, bottom temp. 4.5 ° C, R / V Vesteraalen cruise 94 - 1, haul 40, 11 June 1994, three nearly complete colonies; USNM 1004642 Bering Sea, 52 ° N 177 ° W, field number AB 01 - 66; USNM 1006154 east of the Delray Islands, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea, 51.6962 ° N 178.342 ° W, depth 280 m, R / V Spirit of the North, field number AB 01 - 64, sample # 16, coll. Renfro, K., 3 March 2000, one nearly complete colony; USNM 1116869 British Colombia, Canada, North Pacific Ocean, 48.3007 ° N 124.935 ° W, depth 227.9 m, Deep Sea Coral and Sponge Habitat Expedition, cruise 958, st. 132, ROV Ropos, 1 June 2006.	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF9DA220FF65F8DA6746FEA2.taxon	description	Description. ZIN 11678 are two fragments of a colony (Figure 9 a). The polyps are arranged spirally around the branches, they are about 5 mm high and 2 mm wide. Tentacles without sclerites. Polyps with spindles and clubs, up to 0.35 mm long, with simple tubercles (Figure 10 a). The clubs with very spiny heads. The coenenchyme with capstans, small spindles and crosses, up to 0.12 mm long, with simple tubercles (Figure 10 b – c). Colour. The fragments are brown and the sclerites are colorless.	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF9DA220FF65F8DA6746FEA2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Sea of Japan in 832 – 736 m, Sea of Okhotsk in 580 – 1000 m, Bering Sea - 280 m, West coast of North-American continent, NE Pacific in 227.9 m (Figure 1 c).	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF9DA220FF65F8DA6746FEA2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The long spiny clubs of the polyps of this species are unique in the genus Calcigorgia. USNM 1116869, the only examined material from the NE Pacific, has well developed more foliate clubs (Figure 11 b), the other sclerites are typical C. japonica except for some flattened rods and spindles (Figure 11 a, c). USNM 100816 has immature clubs (Figure 12 a) and most of the sclerites are larger than in the other specimens (Figure 12). Specimens of C. japonica, previously known from only a single fragment, from the Sea of Japan (Dautova, 2007), from four localities of Sea of Okhotsk, with depth range 580 – 1000 m, two localities in Bering Sea, up to 280 m deep, and one locality on the west coast of the North-American continent, in 227.9 m, extend the distribution range of the species. We here present the nearly complete colony of USNM 1006154 from the West Bering Sea (Figure 9 b).	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF98A23FFF65FF6B663FFEA2.taxon	description	Figures 1 c, 2 b, 13	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF98A23FFF65FF6B663FFEA2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ZIN 11664, Skaly Lovushki I., Sea of Okhotsk, 48 ° 02 ' 17 N 154 ° 24 ' 05 E, depth 580 m, bottom: sand with gravel, ship “ Odissey ” Cruise, small dredge, coll. Boris Sirenko, 3 August 1984; ZIN 11659, Ketoi I., Sea of Okhotsk, 47 ° 12 ' 8 N 152 ° 38 ' 1 E, depth 900 m, bottom: pebbles, ship “ Odissey ” Cruise 34, St. 27, small dredge, coll. Mikhail Kolesnikov and Vyacheslav Bizikov, 10 January 1985; ZIN 11665, Skaly Lovushki I., Sea of Okhotsk, 48 ° 02 ' 17 N 154 ° 24 ' 05 E, depth 580 m, bottom: stones, gravel, ship “ Odissey ” st. 18, small dredge, coll. Boris Sirenko and Mikhail Kokesnikov, 3 August 1984; ZIN 11670, same data as ZIN 11665; USNM 1006226, Semisopochnoi Island, Rat Islands, Aleutian Islands, West Bering Sea, 51.8925 ° N 179.336 ° E, coll. Slear, J., 21 November 2000.	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF98A23FFF65FF6B663FFEA2.taxon	description	Description. ZIN 11664 is 10 cm high and 5 cm wide (Figure 2 b). The stem is 1.5 cm long and about 3 mm wide. Regular lateral branching forms the colony, with branches 2 mm wide. The cylindrical polyps are arranged spirally around the branches, they are about 2 – 3 mm high and 1 mm wide. Tentacles with scales, up to 0.12 mm long, with a few simple tubercles (Figure 13 a). Polyps with small clubs, up to 0.10 mm long, with simple tubercles (Figure 13 b). Coenenchyme with capstans, small spindles and cylinders, up to 0.12 mm long, with simple or complex tubercles (Figure 13 c). A few crosses are also present (Figure 13 d).	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF98A23FFF65FF6B663FFEA2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Sea of Okhotsk in 300 (Dautova 2018) — 900 m; West of Bering Sea (western Aleutian Islands) (Figure 1 c).	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF98A23FFF65FF6B663FFEA2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Calcigorgia matua mostly resembles C. beringi sp. n. but has very short distinct clubs in the polyps which are lacking in C. beringi. Their distribution overlap in the West Bering Sea, but C. matua also occurs in the Sea of Okhotsk while C. beringi is only recorded from the western Aleutian Islands.	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF86A23FFF65FE6F606CFB21.taxon	description	Figures 1 b, 14 a, 15 http: // zoobank. org / BF 134333 - A 7 B 7 - 497 A- 8740 - 5 B 82 E 34 AFB 89	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF86A23FFF65FE6F606CFB21.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype RMNH Coel. 42108 (AKM 959 - 1), Shima Spur, 34 ° 00.72 ' N, 136 ° 53.28 ' E, depth 789 – 781 m, R / V Tansei-maru, KT 08 - 3 cruise, 4 March 2008; paratypes: RMNH Coel. 42109 (AKM 959 - 2), same data as holotype; RMNH Coel. 42143 (AKM 310), Sagami Bay, 33 ° 28.6 N – 33 ° 28.9 N, 139 ° 41.6 E – 139 ° 41.4 E, depth 445 – 547 m, R / V Shinyo-maru, KS 03, St. 22, coll. A. K. Matsumoto, 21 October, 2003. RMNH Coel. 42144 (AKM 319), Sagami Bay, 33 ° 28.8 N – 33 ° 29.5 N, 139 ° 42.7 E – 139 ° 42.6 E, depth 512 – 600 m, R / V Shinyo-maru, KS 03, St. 25, coll. A. K. Matsumoto, 21 October, 2003; other material: NSMT-Co 1431, 2 nd Tenryu Sea Knoll, 34 ° 03.819 ' N, 137 ° 47.789 ' E, depth 692 m, dive 2 K # 1377, 8 August 2002 (fragment of JAMSTEC No. 52548).	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF86A23FFF65FE6F606CFB21.taxon	description	Description. The holotype is 6.5 cm wide and 4.5 cm high (Figure 14 a). The stem is 1 cm long and about 1 mm wide; the holdfast is missing. Regular, lateral branching forms the colony, with branches thread-like, less than a mm wide. The brown axis is visible through the thin coenenchyme. The polyps are arranged spirally around the branches, they are about two mm high and one mm wide. Tentacles with a few scales, up to 0.05 mm long, with a few simple tubercles (Figure 15 a). Polyps with spindles (Figure 15 b) and clubs (Figure 15 c), up to 0.20 mm long, with simple tubercles. Coenenchyme with capstans, small spindles (Figure 15 d) and small clubs (Figure 15 e), 0.05 – 0.10 mm long, with simple tubercles. Colour. Brownish. Live colour of polyps and tissue pink.	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF86A23FFF65FE6F606CFB21.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after the Pacific Ocean because all specimens were found along the Pacific coast of Japan.	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF86A23FFF65FE6F606CFB21.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pacific side of Japan: Shima Spur, Tenryu Sea Knoll in 445 – 789 m (Figure 1 b).	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF86A23FFF65FE6F606CFB21.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species mostly resembles Calcigorgia gracilis sp. n. but the latter species lacks smaller clubs in the coenenchyme of the branches.	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF86A23BFF65FAF76716FEFF.taxon	description	Figures 1 d, 14 b – c, 16 – 20	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF86A23BFF65FAF76716FEFF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Identified as C. spiculifera by Bayer: USNM 1012500; neotype, NE of Islands of Four Mountains, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea: 53 ° 11.67 ' N 169 ° 41.07 ' W, depth 431 m, bottom temp, 3.6 ° C, F / N Vesteraalen cruise 94 - 1, haul 44, 11 June 1994, one nearly complete colony, (USNM-SEM Stub 2 539); USNM 8849, Gull Island, Akutan Pass, Fox Islands, Aleutian Islands, East Bering Sea, U. S. Coast Survey, coll. Dall, William Healey, dry; USNM 75091, Queen Charlotte Strait, Near N End Of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, 50.87 ° N, 127.47 ° W, depth 30 to 50 m, scuba, coll. McDaniel, N. 1983; USNM 82124, South of Umnak Island, Fox Islands, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea, 52.8761 ° N, 168.795 ° W, depth 86 m, R / V Miller Freeman cruise 802, VH- 80 - 30, 5 August 1980; USNM 100735, Tanaga Pass, between Ulak and Ilak I, Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea, 51 ° 26.98 ' N, 178 ° 36.6 ' E, depth 393 m, bottom temp. 3.7 ° C, R / V Pacific Knight, cruise 94 - 1, haul 161, 18 July 1994; USNM 100805, Aleutian Islands, Near Islands, SW of Attu I., Bering Sea, 52.28 ° N, 172.30 ° W, depth 234 m, R / V Starlight, 84 - 1, haul 36, 13 July 1984, Two colonies, 1 large in alc (USNM-SEM Stub 2 534); USNM 100807, Amatignak Island, Delarof Islands, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea, 51 ° N, 179 ° W, R / V Pacific Knight, cruise 941, haul 161, 18 July 1994; USNM 1006141, Umnak Island, Fox Islands, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea, 52.6326 ° N, 169.788 ° W, depth 79 to 80 m, R / V Vesteraalen, NOAA Expedition 2001, haul 3 # 6, snail bag, coll. Lindner, A. 21 May 2001; USNM 1011013, Kirilof Point, near tip of point, Amchitka Island, Rat Islands, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea, 51.42 ° N, 179.3 ° E, depth to 24 m, AB 80 - 26, Scuba, vertical bedrock wall, coll. Barr, L. & Mercier, J., 2 June 1974; USNM 1011026, Alex's Grotto, gorgonian growth study site, Little Port Walter Light, Southeast Alaska, 56.39 ° N, 134.64 ° W, depth 290 m, John N. Cobb R / V, AB 99 - 15, Scuba, coll. Stone, R. 2 June 1999; USNM 1011027, East Point, gorgonian growth study site, Tenakee Inlet, Southeast Alaska), 57.81 ° N, 134.95 ° W, depth 21 m, John N. Cobb R / V, AB 99 - 14, Scuba, coll. Stone, R. 1 June 1999; USNM 1011029, Peril Strait, Liesnoi Island, Southeast Alaska, 57.42 ° N, 135.61 ° W depth 15 m, AB 70 - 99, Scuba, coll. Ellis, Williamson, Hoopes, & Barr, 1 July 1970; USNM 1011030, Little Port Walter, Baranof Island, Alexander Archipelago, Southeast Alaska, 56.39 ° N, 134.64 ° W, depth 11 m, AB 62 - 172, Scuba, coll. Guost, J. G. 8 May 1962; USNM 1011091, Semisopochnoi Island, Petrel Bank, Rat Islands, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea, 52.2243 ° N, 179.888 ° W, depth to 40 m, Delta DSR / V, Submersible Dive 5604, AB 02 - 121, sample # 27 & 28; coll. Malecha, P. 16 July 2002; USNM 1011092, Adak Island, Rat Islands, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea, 51.8864 ° N, 176.189 ° W, depth to 54 m, Delta DSR / V, Submersible Dive 5515, AB 02 - 136, sample # 57, coll. Stone, R. 22 July 2002; other material: USNM 60278, no data; USNM 80949, Off N Coast, Akun Island, Fox Islands, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea, 54.2458 ° N, 165.689 ° W, depth 40 m, coll. Viada, S. T., 1 August 1985; USNM 100777, Amchitka Island, Rat Islands, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea, 51.23 ° N, 179.2 ° E, cruise 861, Trawl — Noreast, haul 52, 17 August 1986; USNM 100809, SE of Kagalaska I., Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea, 51 ° 39.28 ’ N, 176 ° 13.2 W, depth 216 m, bottom temp. 4.4 ° C, F / V Pacific Knight cruise 94 - 1, haul 153, 12 July 1994; USNM 1006139, Unalaska Island, Fox Islands, Aleutian Islands, 53.1439 ° N, 167.14 ° W, depth to 107 m, R / V Vesteraalen, NOAA Expedition 2001, snail bag, haul 7 # 1, coll. Lindner, A. 22 May 2001; USNM 1136483, Queen Charolette Sound, British Columbia, 51.7064 ° N, 130.752 ° W, depth to 284 m, coll. Driscoll, John, 11 June 2009; USNM 1011072, Lisianski Strait, 50 yards from shore, Gulf of Alaska, 57.86 ° N, 136.46 ° W, depth 10 m, AB 77 - 72, Scuba, coll. Carlson, H. R. 17 July 1977; USNM 1011273, Adak Island, Beyer Bay, Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea, 51.6427 ° N, 176.328 ° W, depth to 24 m, R / V Velero IV, AB 02 - 133, sample # 52, 53, Scuba, coll. Stone, R., Malecha, P., Courtney, D. 21 July 2002, dry; USNM 1011275, Little Tanaga Pass, Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea, 51.8845 ° N, 176.189 ° W, depth to 52 m, Delta DSR / V, Submersible Dive 5515, AB 02 - 139, sample # 59, coll. Stone, R. 22 July 2002; USNM 1092786, Baranof Island, Cape Ommaney, Alexander Archipelago, Gulf of Alaska, 56.1781 ° N, 135.121 ° W, depth 244 m, R / V Velero IV, St. Ommaney 4, submersible, coll. Stone, R., 19 August 2005; USNM 1133587, South of Amilia Island, Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea, 51.9716 ° N, 173.946 ° W, depth to 96 m, Delta DSR / V, st. 6224, submersible, 6 July 2004.	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF86A23BFF65FAF76716FEFF.taxon	description	Description (after the manuscript of Bayer). Branching is a mixture of openly lateral and irregularly dichotomous. There is a strong tendency to branch in one plane so the colonies are more or less flabellate, but in some cases major branches conspicuously diverge, probably in response to local environmental conditions, and colonies then have a more or less compressed, bushy aspect. The cylindrical polyps are up to 3 mm tall and 1.6 mm wide. The sclerites conform with those of the type as far as illustrated by Broch (1935), differing somewhat in size as can be expected. The polyps are armed with tuberculate spindles that may be more or less club-like, the smaller ones up to about 0.18 mm in length, the longer about 0.3 mm (Figure 16 a) but intergrading with the spindles of the polyp body (Figure 16 b), which reach a length of 0.36 mm, sometimes slightly longer. The coenenchyme contains small capstans, double heads, and cylinders 0.07 – 0.11 mm in length, with indistinct waist intergrading with belted spindles reaching lengths of 0.12 – 0.15 mm (Figure 17 a), together with a few crosses and irregular forms (Figure 16 c, 17 b). Colour. All sclerites are colorless.	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF86A23BFF65FAF76716FEFF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Okhotsk Sea in 150 – 165 m, eastward through the Aleutian Islands, 4 – 435 m, NE Pacific (Figure 1 d).	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
038CDB21FF86A23BFF65FAF76716FEFF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The type described by Broch (1935) seems to be missing in the University of Oslo, Norway or ZIN, St. Petersburg, Russia, but the USNM has a large number of specimens identified as C. spiculifera with characters matching the description of Broch. Bayer’s USNM-SEM 2539 stub used for showing complete polyps was taken from USNM 101 2500 (Figures 14 b, 18), and Bayer’s USNM-SEM 2534 stub was taken from USNM 100805 (Figures 16 – 17). USNM 1012500 has been chosen as the neotype. The materials examined by Bayer were collected during NOAA Fishers bottom trawl surveys in the Aleutioan Islands of Alaska and sent by Dr. Wing to Bayer in the 1990 s (personal comm. Dr. Robert Stone, NOAA Fisheries 2018.2.21). Bayer mentioned that Broch’s original specimen obviously was a small colony dichotomously branched, but with only a single bifurcation that did not provide any idea of the branching of fully developed colonies. The specimens that Bayer examined agree so closely with Broch’s description of the holotype in regard to morphological details that there can be no doubt about their conspecificity. He mentioned all are fully developed colonies that show the mature branching pattern lacking in the type. The colony of USNM 1133587 is unbranched and the shape looks similar to Broch’s description (Figure 14 c). This also could be an small colony but it has developed sclerites (Figure 19). The clubs are not always as long as mentioned above, USNM 1011030 has typical sclerites such as SEM 2534 (Figure 16 – 17) though it has rather smaller clubs up to only 0.15 mm long (Figure 20) obscuring the difference with C. beringi. The species differs from all others in having polyp spindles and club-like sclerites instead of real clubs. Bayer mentioned that C. beringi has a more slender colonial form than C. spiculifera. C. beringi and C. spiculifera have been collected at the same locality in the Bering Sea showing that they share a similar habitat (Figure 1 a, d). The sclerites shown by Dautova (2018: Figure 7 – 13) for C. simushiri hardly differ from C. spiculifera (see discussion). Therefore we here synonymize C. simushiri with C. spiculifera. The information about the specimen identified as C. spiculifera in Dautova (2018) is not adequate to make a decision about what species that actually was. The locality of C. Simushiri in Dautova (2018) are mostly the same as C. spiculifera in Dautova (2018) (Figure 1 d).	en	Matsumoto, Asako K., Van Ofwegen, Leen P., Bayer, Frederick M. (2019): A revision of the genus Calcigorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 1-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1
