taxonID	type	description	language	source
038CE06DFFA5FFACFF0F4206FE33E86F.taxon	description	The Pardosa nigra group. The following 16 species are placed in this group: Palearctic Nearctic P. eiseni (Thorell, 1875) P. dorsalis Banks, 1894 P. fomichevi sp. n. P. dorsuncata Lowrie & Dondale, 1981 P. giebeli (Pavesi, 1873) P. gothicana Lowrie & Dondale, 1981 P. lasciva L. Koch, 1879 P. hetchi Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 P. lyrata (Odenwall, 1901) P. mackenziana (Keyserling, 1877) P. nigra (C. L. Koch, 1834) P. rainieriana Lowrie & Dondale, 1981 P. paramushirensis (Nakatsudi, 1937) P. uintana Gertsch, 1933 P. trailli (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) P. uncata (Thorell, 1877) We recognize this group by the following characters, in the male copulatory organs: 1) tegulum strongly protruding ventrad (Figs 1 – 16), and (2) terminal apophysis prominent, characteristically connected to palea (Figs 59 – 66, 75 – 84); and in the epigyne: 3) comparatively long and narrow anterior part with one pocket (hood) in front, followed by wide posterior part with cavities (atrium) more or less filled out by septum (Figs 90 – 94, 96 – 97) (exception: P. nigra, Fig. 95).	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFA6FFADFF0F45F9FBF6E985.taxon	description	Figs 1, 9, 20, 28, 36, 44 – 45, 59, 67, 75, 90, 98 – 99, 114, 121, 128 – 129	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFA6FFADFF0F45F9FBF6E985.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♀ from Sweden: Lapland (F. Björnström) in NHRS, examined. Other material examined. SWEDEN and NORWAY (see Kronestedt 2004). RUSSIA. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: Tazovsk District, Messoyakhinski wood reservation, Messo Faktoria 68 ° 01 ’ 50 ” N 78 ° 41 ’ 33 ” E, pitfall traps, 30 June – 5 July 2008 (M. A. Khrysanova) 45 ♂ ♀. Krasnoyarsk Kray: Dudinka, 1 – 3 September 1875 (A. Stuxberg, NHRS), 2 ♀; ‘ Verschininsk’ [= Izba Vershininskaya], 5 September 1875 (A. Nordenskiöld & A. Stuxberg, NHRS), 6 ♀; ‘ Selivaninskoj’ [= Selivanikha now, part of Turukhansk Municipality], 12 September 1875 (A. Stuxberg, NHRS), 1 ♀; ‘ Turukhansk Kray’, at Yenisey River (K. M. Rychkov, ZISP), 2 ♀. Yakutia: Yana River lower flow, Kular Village environs (70.35 ºN 134.34 ºE), July 1996 (N. N. Vinokurov, IBPN), 12 ♂ 2 ♀. Primorsky Kray: Chuguevskiy District, Oblachnaya Mt., mountain tundra, 1700 m (43 º 41 ’ 21 ” N 134 º 11 ’ 18 ” E), August 2003 (M. M. Omelko, GTS), 12 ♀, June 2008 (M. M. Omelko, GTS), 15 ♂ 8 ♀; Krasnoarmeisk District, Ozernoe Plateau, mountain tundra, 1509 m (45 º 50 ’ 58 ” N 136 º 38 ’ 41 ” E), June 2011 (M. M. Omelko, GTS), 8 ♂ 6 ♀. Magadan Oblast: Kolyma River upper flow, Field Station ” Kontakt ” (61 ° 40 ’ N 147 ° 30 ’ E), July – August 1987 (S. P. Bukhkalo, IBPN), 3 ♂; Kulu River upper flow, Kontakt Field Station (61 º 51 ’ N 147 º 40 ’ E), summer 1999 (S. P. Bukhalo, IBPN) 36 ♂ 3 ♀; 29 km N of Magadan, Dukcha River valley (59 ° 43 ’ N 151 ° E), summers 1999 – 2000 (S. P. Bukhkalo, IBPN), 29 ♂ 5 ♀; more material in Kronestedt (2004). Extensive material of this species was examined for, inter alia, Logunov & Marusik (1995: Chita Oblast), Koponen et al. (1998: Polar Ural), Marusik et al. (1992: Magadan Oblast; 1993: Yakutia; 2000: Tuva), Marusik & Logunov (2009: Altai), Marusik (2005: Northern Cisokhotia).	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFA6FFADFF0F45F9FBF6E985.taxon	discussion	Comments. Kulczyński’s (1916) description of Lycosa arctica clearly shows that this species is conspecific with Pardosa eiseni. His illustrations depict the species specific shape of the embolus (pl. 2 fig. 67) as well as the close position of the proximal parts of the horn-like structures (with fertilization ducts) in the epigyne (pl. 2 fig. 71). However, he seems to have mixed up pl. 2 figs 69 and 70: the former should show P. giebeli and the latter P. eiseni. Holm (1950: 126) mentioned P. arctica under P. eiseni, evidently indicating synonymy (not accepted in Platnick 2014). The species was most recently described in Almquist (2005). Regrettably, he seems to have confused P. eiseni and P. trailli. His figs 225 a – e are said to illustrate male and female of P. eiseni. While figs 225 a – c clearly show a male of P. eiseni (specific shape of embolus), fig. 225 e evidently shows a dorsal (internal) view of an epigyne of P. trailli: the horn-like structures (with fertilization ducts) are far apart in this species compared to the configuration in P. eiseni. It is hard to judge which of these two species is represented in his fig. 225 d. The map of distribution in Sweden (Almquist 2005: 228) erroneously shows occurrence in the province of Dalarna (instead of P. trailli). Habitat. The species occurs in a variety of habitats, preferably on dry ground, at elevations from 600 to 1400 m (Marusik 1988). In Sokhondo Reserve (Chita Oblast), P. eiseni occurs in mountain deciduous and mixed taiga forest and in moss-lichen tundra (including boggy sites) (Logunov & Marusik 1995). (See also under Habitat for P. lyrata below.) In Fennoscandia this species is restricted to the north, and inhabits dry sites in subalpine birch forests, inter alia in heaps of rocks, as well as in alpine dwarf shrub heaths in the Torneträsk area of northern Lapland (Holm 1950). In northernmost Finland (Utsjoki: Kevo), this species has been found in high numbers from pine forest up to low alpine heath (about 90 to 320 m) (Koponen 1976). In Primorsky Kray it occurs only in alpine tundras (about 1600 – 1800 m asl).	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFA6FFADFF0F45F9FBF6E985.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Figs 128 – 129). Wide distribution in the Palearctic, from Norway in the west to Chukotka in the east, southward to Mongolia and Primorsky Kray (Marusik et al. 2000: map 148).	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFA1FFA7FF0F402BFB1CE835.taxon	description	Figs 2, 10, 17 – 18, 21, 29, 37, 46 – 47, 60, 68, 77 – 78, 91, 100 – 101, 129 – 130	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFA1FFA7FF0F402BFB1CE835.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ and allotype ♀ from Russia: Primorsky Kray, Krasnoarmeisk District, slope of Ozernoe Plateau, glades near road, 1359 m (45 º 50 ’ 46 ” N 136 º 37 ’ 31 ” E) (M. M. Omelko), in ZMMU. — Paratypes. RUSSIA. Primorsky Kray: same data as holotype (ISEA, NHRS), 2 ♂.	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFA1FFA7FF0F402BFB1CE835.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym for our colleague Alexander Fomichev from Novosibirsk.	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFA1FFA7FF0F402BFB1CE835.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males can be distinguished from all other members of this group by the curvature of the embolus (Figs 46 – 47); females by the lateral elevations in the posterior part of the epigyne being at some distance from the septum and their margins diverging at the rear ends (Fig. 18).	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFA1FFA7FF0F402BFB1CE835.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype): Total length 6.2. Carapace 3.10 long, 2.35 wide. Prosoma. Carapace brownish. Median band yellowish, narrowed at cephalic-thoracic junction, wide behind PLEs. Lateral bands indistinct, yellowish brown, narrow, broken. Carapace with dark and adpressed light hairs on thoracic sides, median band with adpressed white hairs. Clypeus light brownish. Chelicerae light brownish with longitudinal darker streaks and yellow inside. Sternum dark greyish brown with narrow light stripe in front, furnished with light hairs. Eyes. Width of row I (slightly procurved) 48, row II 69, row III 94, row II-III 67. Diameter of AME 10, ALE 9, PME 25, PLE 21. Distance between AME 5, between AME and ALE 3. Opisthosoma. Dorsum brownish, covered with adpressed light hairs and more erect black hairs. Anterior part and lanceolate stripe with dense light pubescence. Dorsum patterned with black, notably laterally, forming two pairs of black blotches. Venter brown with adpressed light pubescence and numerous scattered short erect hairs. Spinnerets partly sooty with short black hairs. Legs (Table 1). Yellowish. Femora more or less pseudoannulated (= blotches and incomplete transverse markings) in greyish, Fe I and II with proximal half dark greyish. Ti III and IV with very weak darker annulation. Ti I with 3 pairs of ventral spines and two retrolateral spines. Palp (Figs 2, 10, 17, 21, 29). Pt 0.65, Ti 0.60, Cy 1.35. Brownish with darker markings. Longitudinal darker markings on Ti with with numerous strong black hairs. Cy blackish, distally light brown to yellowish. Tegular apophysis with ¾ of prolaterad rim of anteriorly directed branch very slightly concave (Figs 17, 22, 37). Conductor as in Fig 78, terminal apophysis as in Figs 60, 68 & 77 – 78. Embolus (Figs 46 – 47, 60, 68) wide, screw-shaped, apically curved inwards, narrowed, and tapering to pointed tip. Female (allotype). Total length 6.8. Carapace 3.40 long, 2.60 wide. Prosoma and opisthosoma. Carapace similar to that in the male, but with lateral bands more distinct. Opisthosoma patterned as in the male. Venter of opisthosoma brown with adpressed white pubescence. Eyes. Width of row I (slightly procurved) 54, row II 76, row III 104, row II-III 74. Diameter of AME 11, ALE 10, PME 26, PLE 22. Distance between AME 7, between AME and ALE 4. Legs (Table 1). Yellowish, clearly annulated in grey (femora) and light brown (patellae-metatarsi). Ti I with two retrolateral spines. Epigyne (Figs 18, 91). Lateral elevations diverging backwards (45 º) from about half the length of the epigyne. Septum only partly filling the cavities in the posterior half. Spermathecae ovoid (Figs 100 – 101). Size variation. Carapace length: males 2.95 – 3.10 (n = 3).	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFA1FFA7FF0F402BFB1CE835.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Figs 129 – 130). Russia: Primorsky Kray (only known from the type locality).	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFADFFA7FF0F45DAFDE9EC3D.taxon	description	Figs 3, 11, 22, 30, 38, 48, 61, 69, 76, 92, 102 - 103, 115, 122, 128	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFADFFA7FF0F45DAFDE9EC3D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntypes ♂ and ♀ from Switzerland: Monte Fibbia and Valle di Fortunei (see Tongiorgi 1966) in Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genova, Italy, not examined. Material examined. SWITZERLAND. Uri: Gemstock, 5 September 1989 (P. T. Lehtinen, ZMUT), 2 ♀. For further material see Kronestedt (2004).	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFADFFA7FF0F45DAFDE9EC3D.taxon	discussion	Comments. The species was well described by Tongiorgi (1966). Platnick (2014) cites Koch (1879) with records of P. giebeli from Siberia. The Siberian records are, however, based on misidentifications of P. eiseni (Holm 1973, Koch’s material collected by the Swedish Expedition to Novaya Zemlya and Yenisey in 1875 listed under P. eiseni above). Pardosa giebeli is endemic to the European Alps (Tongiorgi 1966). Platnick (2014) erroneously lists ‘ Lycosa sordidata Dahl, 1908: 388, 425, f. 86 (♂ ♀, misidentified) ’ and ‘ Lycosa sordidata Dahl & Dahl 1927: 39, f. 103 – 104 (♂ ♀) ’ under P. giebeli. Dahl (1908) only had the holotype of Pardosa sordidata (Thorell, 1875), collected in Riesengebirge by H. Zimmermann, at hand as well as a male, which he believed to be conspecific, originating from Ayan in East Siberia. While the illustration of the female shows the epigyne of P. sordidata, the male palp belonged to some species in the Pardosa nigra group (protruding tegulum) occurring in Siberia, probably P. eiseni judging from the size of the tegular apophysis in Dahl’s figure (see above). Habitat. Alpine species occurring at elevations between ca 2200 – 3400 m asl (Thaler & Buchar 1996). A preferred alpine habitat is Loiseleuria procumbens stands with abundant stones (Puntscher 1980; Thaler & Buchar 1996), also grass heaths with rock fragments (Thaler 1997).	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFADFFA7FF0F45DAFDE9EC3D.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 128). This species is restricted to Europe and known from France, Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria and Germany.	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFADFFA4FF0F41D2FAA1E880.taxon	description	Figs 4, 12, 23, 31, 39, 49 – 50, 62, 70, 79 – 80, 93, 104 – 105, 116, 123, 128 – 130	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFADFFA4FF0F41D2FAA1E880.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype ♀ from Russia: Krasnoyarsk Kray, Selivaninskoj (see Holm 1973) [= Selivanikha now, part of Turukhansk Municipality], in NHRS, examined. Other material examined. SWEDEN. Lule Lappmark: Muddus National Park, marsh in wood with Betula nana and Ledum palustre on Sphagnum, pitfall traps, 21 – 23 June 1975 (Å. Holm, NHRS), 3 ♂ 1 ♀ (Gustafsson & Holm 1980). RUSSIA. Sverdlovsk Oblast: Denezhkin Kamen Range, 450 m, conifer forest, July 1982 (L. Simakin, MMUM), 10 ♂ 1 ♀. Krasnoyarsk Kray: Mirnoye Village (62.46 ºN 89 ºE), 1988 – 89 (L. B. Rybalov, ZMMU, NHRS), 38 ♂ 4 ♀; Peredvinsk Village (57 ºN 93.5 ºE), June 1995 (L. B. Rybalov, MMUM), 2 ♂ 2 ♀. Sayan, 1914 (Sayanskaya Partiya Ekspeditsiya Departamenta Zemledeliya, ZISP), 1 ♀. Material of this species was examined for Koponen et al. (1998: Polar Ural), Marusik et al. (2000: Tuva), Marusik et al. (2002: Krasnoyarsk Kray), Koponen & Marusik (1992: Yakutia), Logunov & Marusik (1995: Chita Oblast).	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFADFFA4FF0F41D2FAA1E880.taxon	discussion	Comments. The species was described by Holm (1947) and Almquist (2005). A detailed description is found in Holm (1973), where a considerable variation in the shape of the epigyne is illustrated. Habitat. A taiga species found in various habitats in conifer forests (e. g. pine forests with lichens, marshes etc.) (Almquist 2005). In the Sokhondo Reserve (Chita Oblast), this species was found in the same type of habitats as P. eiseni and P. lyrata, in mountain taiga forests and in deciduous and mixed forests (Logunov & Marusik 1995).	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFADFFA4FF0F41D2FAA1E880.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Figs 128 - 130). Wide distribution in the Palearctic, from Sweden to Russia: Khabarovsk Kray (Trilikauskas 2001: Bureinsky Reserve) in the east, and south to China: Altai Mts in Xinjiang (Hu & Wu 1989).	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFAFFFA1FF0F410EFDECEEA6.taxon	description	Figs 5, 13, 24, 32, 40, 51 – 52, 63, 71, 81, 85 – 87, 94, 106 – 107, 117, 124, 129 – 130	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFAFFFA1FF0F410EFDECEEA6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype ♂ and paralectotype ♂ in tube labelled ‘ 5. L. lyrata Utotschkin’ and paralectotype ♀ in tube labelled ‘ 5 ’, all regarded as originating from Russia, Buryatia, Utotschkina [vicinity of ‘ Verchne Udinsk’ (= Ulan Ude)] (E. Odenwall), in ZMUH, here designated. Other material examined. RUSSIA. Krasnoyarsk Kray: Kansk District, Yeniseyskaya gub., 1914 (Sayanskaya Partiya Ekspeditsiya Departamenta Zemledeliya, ZISP), 1 ♀. Amur Oblast: Without locality, 1914 (V. Dorogostayskiy, ZISP) 1 ♂ 3 ♀; River Sivokan, 5 June 1914 (V. Dorogostayskiy, ZISP), 2 ♂ 4 ♀. Yakutia: Kochegarovo Village (SW of Olekminsk), 21 June 1985 (N. N. Vinokurov, NHRS), 6 ♂ 5 ♀, 22 June 1985 (N. N. Vinokurov, IBPN) 12 ♂. Magadan Oblast: Talon (N. E. Dokuchajev, IBPN), 3 ♂ 3 ♀; Kolyma River upper reaches, Biological Station ” Kontakt ” (61 º 40 ’ N 147 º 30 ’ E), July-August 1987 (S. P. Bukhkalo, IBPN, NHRS), 24 ♂ 19 ♀; Kolyma River upper reaches, near Sibit-Tyellakh, Summer 1987 (Y. M. Marusik, IBPN) 6 ♂ 3 ♀. Chukotka Autonomous Okrug: 74 km W of Anadyr City, Anadyr River near Omochi R. mouth, 613 m, 64.82 ° N 175.967 ° E, July – August 2013 (O. A. Khrulyova, ZMMU), 10 ♀. Primorsky Kray: Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve, kordon Kabany, 45 ° 08 ’ 16 ” N 135 ° 52 ’ 40 ” E, 650 - 900 m, taiga, 30 June – 4 July 1999 (Y. Sundukov, ZMMU), 1 ♂. Krasnoarmeisk District, Ozernoe Plateau, 1100 – 1400 m, 16 - 17 June 2011 (M. M. Omelko, ZMMU), 1 ♂; Mt Oblachnaya, road in spruce forest, 1000 m, 22 June 2004 (M. M. Omelko, ZMMU), 1 ♂, glade in high mountain spruce forest, 1600 m, 24 June 2008 (M. M. Omelko, ZMMU), 5 ♂, pitfall traps at brook bank in mixed forest, 600 m, 25 June 2008 (M. M. Omelko, ZMMU), 2 ♂. Chuguyevsk District, Sokolovka River, Upper Ussuri Field Station, 43 º 50 ’ N 134 º 10 ’ E, Summer 1991 (collector unknown, ZMMU), 3 ♀. Material of this species was examined for Marusik et al. (2002: Krasnoyarsk Kray), Marusik et al. (1993: Yakutia), Logunov & Marusik (1995: Chita Oblast), Marusik et al. (1992: Magadan Oblast and Chukotka), Marusik (2005: Northern Cisokhotia), Marusik & Buchar (2004: Mongolia).	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFAFFFA1FF0F410EFDECEEA6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males are distinguished from all other species in this group by the long anteriorly directed branch of the tegular apophysis (Figs 24, 40) and the shape of the embolus (Figs 51 – 52); females by the posterior part of the septum projecting into two lateral rounded lobes (Figs 87, 94).	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFAFFFA1FF0F410EFDECEEA6.taxon	description	Description. Male (Magadan Oblast): Total length 6.2. Carapace 3.00 long, 2.30 wide. Prosoma. Carapace brownish. Median band yellowish brown, narrowed at cephalic-thoracic junction, wide behind PLEs. Lateral bands indistinct, broken into spots, light brownish. Thoracic part with short darks hairs, adpressed white hairs in median band and a few in lateral spots. Clypeus and chelicerae light brown, latter with longitudinal darker streaks and yellowish on inside. Eyes. Width of row I (slightly procurved) 47, row II 70, row III 94, row II-III 70. Diameter of AME 11, ALE 9, PME 26, PLE 22. Distance between AME 6, between AME and ALE 2. Opisthosoma. Dorsum brownish, covered with white adpressed hairs and more erect dark hairs. Lanceolate stripe brownish, dark-bordered. Rest of dorsum patterned with black, posterior to lanceolate stripe formed as transverse black bars with white dots of white hairs at each end. Venter light greyish brown with short adpressed light pubescence and scattered short thin dark hairs (latter hard to discern). Anterior spinnerets dark. Legs (Table 1). Yellowish brown with faint darker annulation. Front legs comparatively long. Ti I with two retrolateral spines. Palp (Figs 5, 13, 24, 32). Pt 0.65, Ti 0.60, Cy 1.25. Brownish, Pt lighter, Cy blackish brown, lighter apically. Tegular apophysis with very long anteriorly directed branch evenly bent retrolaterad, basal process comparatively short (Figs 24, 40). Conductor as in Fig. 81, terminal apophysis as in Figs 63, 71 & 81. Embolus long, narrow, distal part evenly curved anteriad, hair-like (Figs 51 – 52, 63, 71, 81). Female (Magadan Oblast): Total length 6.5. Carapace 3.20 long, 2.45 wide. Prosoma and opisthosoma. Similar to male in coloration and pattern. Lateral bands of carapace of yellowish brown spots well separated or more confluent. Eyes. Width of row I (slightly procurved) 51, row II 74, row III 96, row II-III 72. Diameter of AME 10, ALE 9, PME 27, PLE 22. Distance between AME 7, between AME and ALE 3. Legs (Table 1). Yellowish brown with distinct dark greyish brown annulation. Epigyne (Figs 86 – 87, 94, 117). Lateral elevations diverging backwards (ca 45 º) from about half the length of the epigyne. Septum filling the cavities in the posterior half and extending backwards into to lateral lobes. Copulatory tubes twisted (Figs 106 – 107). Size variation. Carapace length: males 2.60 – 3.00 (n = 10), females 3.15 – 3.30 (n = 10). Habitat. In the upper reaches of the Kolyma River, the species inhabits a variety of habitats within the forest belt. It is most numerous and common close to creeks and rivers, and may also occur in bogs and on pebbly beaches (Marusik, unpubl.). In three habitats (of 30 studied) in the “ Aborigen ” field station P. lyrata co-occurred with P. eiseni. In one very heterogenous habitat (sparse larch boggy forest, with sparse undergrowth on a north exposed slope with soliflucted microrelief, 600 m) P. eiseni occurred in considerable numbers (from 2 to 5 % of all specimens), while P. lyrata was rare. In a thin birch stand on a south exposed slope with Rosa and cowberry underneath, broken soil cover and dry litter, 550 m, the situation was the opposite: P. eiseni was rare, while P. lyrata was more abundant (Marusik 1988). In another field station (“ Kontakt ”) located in the Kolyma River upper reaches, the two species were not found in the same habitat. In South Siberia (Sokhondo Reserve, Chita Oblast) P. lyrata was found together with P. eiseni and P. lasciva in the same type of habitats in mountain taiga: deciduous and mixed forests (Logunov & Marusik 1995). Besides taiga it was reported from birch-larch forests, inundated (river valley) spruce forests and shrub bogs (low alder thicket) (alder yernik) (Logunov & Marusik 1995).	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFAFFFA1FF0F410EFDECEEA6.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Figs 129 – 130). This species is known from East Palaearctic only: Siberia east of Yenisey River (Holm 1973) northeast to Chukotka (Marusik et al. 1992) and Kamchatka (Mikhailov 2013), southward to Mongolia (Marusik & Buchar 2004).	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFB4FFBCFF0F4199FCF1EE97.taxon	description	Figs 6, 14, 25, 33, 41, 53 – 54, 64, 72, 82, 95, 108 – 109, 118, 125, 128	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFB4FFBCFF0F4199FCF1EE97.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. ♂ and ♀ syntypes from Austria: Salzburg, Nassfelder Alps, probably in BMNH (see Tongiorgi 1966), not examined. Material examined. AUSTRIA. Salzburg: without specified locality (donated from Vienna Museum, NHRS: Collectio Thorell No 245 / 1539 c), 1 ♀; Schafberg, among boulders at the top railway station, 1730 m, 15 July 1980 (T. Kronestedt, NHRS), 1 ♂ 1 ♀. Tirol: without specified locality (L. Koch, NHRS: Collectio Thorell No 245 / 1539 a), 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Innsbruck, Nordkette: Wörgltal, 2000 m, 1963 (K. Thaler, NHRS) 4 ♂ 4 ♀. POLAND. Lesser Poland: Tatra Mts (probably from W. Kulczyński, NHRS: Collectio Thorell No 245 / 1539 b), 2 ♂ 3 ♀. SLOVAKIA. Presov Region: Skalnate Pleso, 1750 m, 27 June 2001 (S. Snäll, NHRS), 1 ♂.	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFB4FFBCFF0F4199FCF1EE97.taxon	discussion	Comments. The species was described in Tongiorgi (1966) and Fuhn & Niculescu-Burlacu (1971). It differs from all other species in the Pardosa nigra group by the conformation of the tegular apophysis (anteriorly directed branch shorter than laterally directed branch) and the epigyne (septum rudimentary). Among the Palearctic species of this group, P. nigra is the sole species in which there is often an extra pair of ventral spines on the first tibiae. Habitat. Alpine species found at elevations between 1200 and 3500 m asl (Thaler & Buchar 1996). It is a characteristic species in high alpine scree areas (‘ Ruhschutthalden’) (Puntscher 1980; Thaler & Buchar 1996) and is a pioneer species in Alpine glacier foreland (Kaufmann 2001).	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFB4FFBCFF0F4199FCF1EE97.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 128). This species is known from Europe only: France, Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine (see below), Romania (Retezat National Park: Fuhn & Niculescu-Burlacu 1971; Marele Grohotis: Nitzu et al. 2010), Slovenia, Bulgaria (Rila: Deltshev 1995; Pirin: Deltshev & Blagoev 1997) and Macedonia (Shar Planina: Blagoev 1999). The record for Estonia (Mikhailov 2013) is a lapsus. The presence in Ukraine refers to Legotay & Tarasyuk (1964) who reported this species (sub Pardosa ludovici) from Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk oblasts. The material was collected on stony banks along rivers in the forest belt and in mountain meadows. In the latter oblast, the highest peak in Ukraine, Hoverla (2061 m), is situated and this mountain is mentioned in Legotay & Tarasyuk (1964). A female from Italy: Liguria, Chiavari (in SMF) was collected by C. F. Roewer and identified by P. Tongiorgi (occurrence needs confirmation). A record from Sardinia (Garneri 1902) is plausible as it is stated that the species was collected on Monte di Gennargentu (highest peak 1834 m). A record from Greece: Crete (Tongiorgi 1966) has been checked (Bosmans et al. 2013). It consists of three specimens including one adult male collected by C. F. Roewer in June 1926 in Chania and surroundings (“ on thistles ”), deposited in SMF. The male is correctly identified but the occurrence in lowland Crete is unlikely and most certainly due to mislabeling. Wrong locality indications in the Roewer arachnid collection are previously known, especially pertaining to material of opilionids and pseudoscorpions collected by himself in Greece and Crete in 1926 (Helversen & Martens 1972). The occurrence in Turkey (Topçu et al. 2005; Bayram et al. 2013) could not be verified (K. B. Kunt pers. comm.). A record of P. nigra from China: Xinjiang, Altai Mts (Hu & Wu 1989: 221, figs 183.1 – 2 (♀ )) does not refer to this species as inferred from the illustration of the epigyne.	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFB7FFBBFF0F42A4FBEEEF30.taxon	description	Figs 7, 15, 26, 34, 42, 55 – 56, 65, 73, 83, 88 – 89, 96,110 – 111, 119, 126, 129	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFB7FFBBFF0F42A4FBEEEF30.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♀ of Pardosa paramushirensis was destroyed during World War II (Yaginuma in litt. to TK 1976). Neotype ♀ from Russia: Sakhalin Oblast: Kuril Islands, Paramushir Island, near Severo-Kurilsk, Ebeko Volcano, 28 August 1996 (Y. M. Marusik), in ZMMU, here designated. Other material examined. JAPAN. Hokkaido: Mt. Daisetsu, July 1970 (T. Yaginuma, NHRS), 2 ♂ 3 ♀; same locality, 18 July 1973 (T. Yaginuma, NHRS), 3 ♂ 3 ♀. Honshu: " Fusijama " (= Mt. Fuji-san), in the " bush region " (" Vega " Expedition, NHRS), 2 ♀ [evidently collected by the members E. Almqvist and O. Nordqvist during an excursion to the mountain on 25 September – 3 October 1879 (Nordenskiöld 1882: 123)]. RUSSIA. Sakhalin Oblast (Kuril Islands): Paramushir Island, near Severo-Kurilsk, Ebeko Volcano, 50 ° 41.33 ’ N 156 ° 03.35 ’ E, 500 – 700 m, 28 August 1996 (Y. M. Marusik, ISEA, ZISP, NHRS), 15 ♀. Paramushir Island, Taina R., 50 º 22 ’ N 155 º 36.67 ’ E, 21 August 1996 (Y. M. Marusik, ZMMU), 1 ♀. Chirpoi Island, Peshchanaya Bay, 46 º 32.52 ’ N 150 º 53.90 ’ E, 23 August 1995 (Y. M. Marusik, ZMMU), 2 ♀.	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFB7FFBBFF0F42A4FBEEEF30.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Tanaka (1993) described this species from Japanese material. As the holotype of L. paramushirensis Nakatsudi is no longer available, and the illustration of the epigyne in Nakatsudi’s (1937) paper a bit schematic, the new material from Paramushir removed doubts about the identity of this species as no other species in the group is known from the area (cf. Fig. 129).	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFB7FFBBFF0F42A4FBEEEF30.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males can be distinguished from all other members of this group by the curvature of the embolus (Figs 55 - 56); females by the lateral elevations in the posterior part of the epigyne being at some distance from the septum, their margins converging at the rear ends (Figs 89, 96).	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFB7FFBBFF0F42A4FBEEEF30.taxon	description	Description. Male (from Mt. Daisetsu): Total length 6.0; carapace 3.05 long, 2.35 wide. Prosoma. Carapace brownish. Median band light brownish to yellowish, narrowed at cephalic-thoracic junction, wide behind PLEs. Lateral bands only present as indistinct lighter spots. Clypeus and chelicerae light brownish to yellowish, latter with longitudinal darker streaks, yellow inside and retromargin with three teeth. Sternum dark greyish brown with narrow yellowish stripe in front. Eyes. Width of row I (slightly procurved) 48, row II 72, row III 94, row II-III 69. Diameter of AME 10, ALE 10, PME 26, PLE 22. Distance between AME 8, between AME and ALE 2. Opisthosoma. Dorsum greyish brown more or less patterned in black. Lanceolate stripe light greyish brown, proximally flanked by spots of same colour. Black pattern posterior of lanceolate stripe more or less arranged as transverse bars. Venter light greyish brown with short adpressed light and short thin dark hairs. Legs (Table 1). Yellowish with dark annulations. Fe I dark in proximal half. Ti, Mt and Ta I yellow without annulation. Mt and Ta IV brownish without annulation. Ti I with two retrolateral spines. Palp (Figs 7, 15, 26, 34, 88). Pt 0.65, Ti 0.60, Cy 1.30. Light brown to yellowish with dark markings. Cy dark greyish brown, distally yellowish. Tegular apophysis with anteriorly directed branch comparatively long, slightly widening in its distal half, basal process comparatively short (Figs 26, 42). Conductor as in Figs 73 & 83, terminal apophysis as in Figs 65, 73 & 83. Embolus long, evenly curved, sickle-shaped (Figs 56, 65, 73). Female (neotype). Total length 7.4, carapace 3.40 long, 2.60 wide. Prosoma and opisthosoma. Similar to male in coloration and pattern. Eyes. Width of row I (slightly procurved) 52, row II 74, row III 102, row II-III 72. Diameter of AME 11, ALE 10, PME 29, PLE 23. Distance between AME 7, between AME and ALE 3. Legs (Table 1). All legs distinctly annulated. Epigyne (Figs 89, 96, 119). Lateral elevations strongly diverging backwards from about half the length of the epigyne. Septum in the posterior half sclerotized laterally and not fully filling the cavities. Spermathecae long, sausage-like (Figs 110 - 111, 126). Size variation. Carapace length: males 2.95 – 3.25 (n = 5), females 3.00 – 3.60 (n = 10). Habitat. On Ebeko Volcano species was collected among stones on elevation about 500 m in place with sparse vegetation. On Chirpoi Island, it was collected at lava fields on elevations about 100 – 200 m.	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFB7FFBBFF0F42A4FBEEEF30.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 129). Japan (Hokkaido and Honshu), Russia: Kuril Islands.	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFB1FFB9FF0F42C2FA42EB6D.taxon	description	Figs 8, 16, 19, 27, 35, 43, 57 – 58, 66, 74, 84, 97, 112 – 113, 120, 127 – 129	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFB1FFB9FF0F42C2FA42EB6D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype ♂ from Scotland: Grampian, Braemar, in Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, UK (Kronestedt 2004). Material examined. See Kronestedt (2004).	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFB1FFB9FF0F42C2FA42EB6D.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species was recently described by Almquist (2005), where, regrettably, he made a partial confusion with P. eiseni. His figs 227 a – e is said to illustrate the male and female of P. trailli. Figs 227 a – b shows a palp of P. trailli but it is malformed (notably distal part of cymbium). A drawing of a normal male is therefore given in this paper (Fig. 19). Fig. 227 d in Almquist (2005), however, shows the dorsal (inner) view of an epigyne of P. eiseni (in which the horn-like structures containing fertilization ducts are close at midline of epigyne, contrary to the configuration in P. trailli (cf. Figs 99 & 113). This species is restricted to Britain and Scandinavia (Fig. 128). The record from the Faroe Islands (Schenkel 1925) was given as P. eiseni but the accompanying illustration most probably shows a female of P. trailli. It remains to be investigated whether the disjunct occurrence in Scandinavia (cf. map in Kronestedt 2004) is due to lack of collecting activities. Habitat. Open stony ground (e. g. scree slopes) in mountains. In Britain, P. trailli is recorded from 730 - 1300 m asl. In Sweden, it is found on high mountains close to or above timberline. In Norway, it is a pioneer species in alpine glacier foreland (Bråten et al. 2012).	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFB1FFB9FF0F42C2FA42EB6D.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 128). This species is known from Britain,? Faroe Islands (Denmark), Norway and Sweden.	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFB3FFB6FF0F4111FA46EBF6.taxon	description	Males (based on palpal structures)	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
038CE06DFFB3FFB6FF0F4111FA46EBF6.taxon	description	Females (based on epigynal structures)	en	Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M., Omelko, Mikhail M. (2014): Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group. Zootaxa 3894 (1): 33-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.5
