taxonID	type	description	language	source
038D87B7FF87FF9CA8A8613C08C1FE40.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (new). Erylinae with sterrasters with actins linked to each other through bridges (giving a brain-like surface) and cortical spherasters and / or spherules.	en	Cárdenas, Paco, Vacelet, Jean, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Pérez, Thierry, Xavier, Joana R. (2018): From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Zootaxa 4466 (1): 174-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.14
038D87B7FF87FF92A8A862220B09FD20.taxon	description	Synonyms.	en	Cárdenas, Paco, Vacelet, Jean, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Pérez, Thierry, Xavier, Joana R. (2018): From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Zootaxa 4466 (1): 174-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.14
038D87B7FF87FF92A8A862220B09FD20.taxon	description	Isops intuta (Vosmaer, 1894): Maldonado 1992, Table 1 (mistake in authority).	en	Cárdenas, Paco, Vacelet, Jean, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Pérez, Thierry, Xavier, Joana R. (2018): From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Zootaxa 4466 (1): 174-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.14
038D87B7FF87FF92A8A862220B09FD20.taxon	description	Caminella loricata Lendenfeld, 1894: Lendenfeld 1894, p. 150 – 151, pl. II, pl. III, pl. VIII; Lendenfeld 1903, p. 89 – 90. Not Isops intuta (Topsent, 1892): Boury-Esnault et al. 1994, p. 41 = Geodia sp. (this study)	en	Cárdenas, Paco, Vacelet, Jean, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Pérez, Thierry, Xavier, Joana R. (2018): From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Zootaxa 4466 (1): 174-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.14
038D87B7FF87FF92A8A862220B09FD20.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. MNHN DT- 2290 (slide with sections, in bad state), Cap l’Abeille, Banyuls, France, 25 - 30 m. Material examined. Caminella intuta. France: SME, collection ‘ Topsent’, box 1, slide # 12 labeled “ Isops intuta ”, Banyuls-sur-Mer (type locality), dredge; SME # 90 S, dry piece and slide, 17.03.1958, Le Petit Congloué, Archipel de Riou, Marseille, cliff facing NE, 40 m, coll. J. Vacelet; SME # 193 S, wet specimen and slide, 26.08.1998, Gameau cave, La Ciotat, 6 - 8 m, preserved in formalin, coll. J. Vacelet; SME PL 617 PC- 7 (Fig. 2 C, 2 E) and PL 617 PC- 10 b, 18.05.2016, Cosquer cave, Calanque de la Triperie, Parc National des Calanques, coll. P. Chevaldonné, ethanol 96 %; Lebanon: SME 21 / 09 / 2002 - 56 a, 5 / 07 / 2003 - 1 (sac 9), 13 / 07 / 2003 - 2, preserved in formalin, Chak El Hatab (north of Selaata, Lebanon), " lithistid cave ", in dark area, 2 - 3 m, colls. T. Pérez and J. Vacelet; SME field # 080524 - Lb 2 - 03, 24.05.2008, Chak El Hatab, “ lithistid cave ”, 2 m, coll. T. Pérez, ethanol; Alboran Sea: field # Sp 175, station BV 41, 35.99362, - 2.86795, 102 - 112 m, beam trawl, INDEMARES- ALBORAN, 21.07.2012, coll. S. Gofas, identified by Sitja & Maldonado (2014), preserved in formalin (Fig. 2 F); Portugal: ZMAPOR 21653, field # B. 05.09.268, Gruta do Carreiro Maldito, Berlengas, Portugal, 6 - 8 m, 20.09.2005, ethanol 96 %, coll. A. Cunha (Fig. 2 D, 3 F – G). Isops maculosus, lectotype (here designated), RMNH Por 644 (not seen), Gulf of Naples, between Capri and Naples, 150 - 200 m, wet specimen labeled as ' Isops intutus Tops. Corallieri, 17 Mei 1884 coll. Vosmaer N. 249 ', and 18 slides, some of which are labeled Isops maculosus, but all have the number 249. Slides are mostly histological sections, but two are spicule slides. According to GBIF records from the RMNH collection (https: // www. gbif. org / occurrence / search? taxon _ key = 5892880), there are at least seven other paralectotypes (here designated): RMNH Por 78, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650; BMNH 1955.3.24.2 (seen), two fragments of paralectotype RMNH Por 647 (~ 2.5 x 1.5 cm), 12.12.1890, Gulf of Naples.	en	Cárdenas, Paco, Vacelet, Jean, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Pérez, Thierry, Xavier, Joana R. (2018): From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Zootaxa 4466 (1): 174-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.14
038D87B7FF87FF92A8A862220B09FD20.taxon	description	Caminella loricata, holotype (not seen), ZMB Por 2423, Lesina (= Hvar), Adriatic Sea, Croatia, one small piece 1 cm x 0.5 cm, purchased in 1897, no slides; NHMW- 3 Zoo-EV-MP 345 (Fig. 3 A, 3 C – E), slide from holotype with a thick section (seen high resolution pictures); NHMW- 3 Zoo-EV-MP 346 (Fig. 3 B), slide from holotype with histological sections (seen high resolution pictures). Geodia sp. SME, Balgim slide box ‘ Tetractinellida’, three slides labeled ‘ CP – 63 (185) ’ (two spicule preparations and one piece of cortex), off Morocco, 1510 m, originally identified as Isops intuta by M. J. Uriz (Boury-Esnault et al. 1994). External morphology and skeleton organization. (Figs. 2 – 3) Massive subglobular, up to 10 cm wide (Fig. 2 C) with smooth, clean surface. Cave specimens from France and Portugal area are brown, to dark brown (Fig. 2 A, 2 C, 2 D). Cave specimens from Lebanon (Fig. 2 B) are pure white (small specimens), white to cream or light brown (large specimens). Deep-sea specimens are cream-colored to brown. Internal color is white to light brown. Colors are retained in ethanol and formalin. One to several uniporal oscules (0.2 – 2 mm in diameter) can be present, each leading into a cloaca (Fig. 3 F). Cave specimens from Lebanon generally have a single oscule at the top, more rarely two or three, while other cave specimens often have several oscules. Oscules can have a slightly elevated margin in life, especially visible in underwater photographs (Fig. 2 A, 2 B), often flush with surface after preservation (Fig. 2 E). Surface punctured by numerous uniporal pores (20 – 200 µm in diameter in cave specimens; 20 – 55 µm in deep- sea specimen), which can have elevated surrounding walls (Fig. 2 E), or not (Fig. 2 F). Oscules and pores can be surrounded by a conspicuous dark ring (especially in cave specimens) (Fig. 2 A, 2 C), or not (deep-sea specimens) (Fig. 2 F). Consistency fleshy. The cortex is thin (0.2 – 0.5 mm thick), more or less flexible and easily detachable from the underlying choanosome. The ectocortex is composed of a dense aggregation of spherasters / spherules while the endocortex is made of sterrasters (Fig. 3 D – E). Dichotriaenes support the cortex, but do not cross it (Fig. 3 G). In the choanosome, a few oxeas are more or less radially organized (Fig. 3 F – G). In the choanosome, oxyasters and sterrasters are common while spherasters / spherules are rare and predominantly found around the canals. Spicules. (Figs. 4 – 6) (Table 1) (a) oxeas, a few styloids, 900 – 2500 x 6 - 50 µm; (b) dichotriaenes (rhabdome: 370 – 2000 x 12 – 60 µm; protoclad: 60 – 237 µm; deuteroclad: 25 – 410 µm), rarely orthotriaenes; (c) sterrasters, spherical to oval, 40 – 84 µm, surface without clear rosettes, instead the actins build bridges between them making a brain-like surface, which is then covered with small warts; immature sterrasters have blunt actins covered with small branches that sometimes link two actins together making a honeycomb surface (similar to Placospongia selenasters). From here on we will distinguish ‘ young’ (not fully grown) from ‘ immature’ (fully grown but underdeveloped) sterrasters; (d) oxyasters, 3 – 8 actins, 10 – 36 µm in diameter, actins are finely acanthose and blunt at the very tip; center is more or less developed; (e) spiny spherasters to spherules, different ratios depending on the specimens, sometimes with very irregular spherasters, 3 – 15 µm in diameter. We observed four types of spicule phenotypes depending on the origin of the specimens. 1) Cave specimens from France and Portugal, as well as C. loricata from Croatia had immature sterrasters associated with irregular to regular spherasters, which rarely become spherules (Figs. 3 E, 4). Dichotriaenes can also be irregular; orthotriaenes are occasionally found. 2) Specimens from shallow-water but deeper (25 – 40 m) and not in caves (specimens from the type locality identified by Topsent and from 40 m in Marseille) have immature sterrasters associated with irregular to regular spherasters, many of which are spherules. 3) Cave specimens from Lebanon (all coming from the same cave) had mature sterrasters and only spherules. Megascleres are larger and robust (Fig. 5). 4) Deep-sea specimens (Isops maculosus paralectotype and specimen from the Alboran Sea) had mature sterrasters with regular spherasters, which have on average shorter actins, and often become spherules (Fig. 6). Bathymetric range. In caves, C. intuta lives in semi-dark to dark areas, where it can be found as shallow as 2 m depth. Outside caves, it has been recorded from 25 – 30 m in Banyuls-sur-Mer (Topsent, 1892) to 300 m in the Alboran Sea (Templado et al. 1986). DNA barcoding. COI. ZMAPOR 21653 (HM 592740) and cave specimen from Lebanon (080524 - Lb 2 - 03) had a 100 % identical COI (MH 477613). 28 S (C 1 - D 2). ZMAPOR 21653 (HM 592804) and cave specimen from Lebanon (080524 - Lb 2 - 03, MH 478114) were 100 % identical. Both had a 5 bp difference with PL 617 PC- 10 b from Cosquer cave (MH 478115). 18 S. ZMAPOR 21653 (MH 478118). ZMAPOR 21653 was submitted to the Sponge Barcoding Project (http: // www. palaeontologie. geo. uni-muenchen. de / SBP /) with accession number 1777.	en	Cárdenas, Paco, Vacelet, Jean, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Pérez, Thierry, Xavier, Joana R. (2018): From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Zootaxa 4466 (1): 174-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.14
038D87B7FF87FF92A8A862220B09FD20.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Suspicions of synonymy with Isops maculosus and Caminella loricata were raised early on by Topsent (1895, p. 580 – 581) who suggested that i) Isops maculosus might be a synonym of Isops intuta, although its colour seemed different and its sterrasters larger, ii) Caminella loricata might be a synonym of Isops intuta since the ‘ microdesmen’ described by Lendenfeld (1894) were probably spherasters. However, Topsent (1895) did not conclude since he had not seen type material and Vosmaer (1894) had not given any measurements or illustrations of I. maculosus. This issue was later taken up by Vosmaer (1933), finally giving some spicule measurements of I. maculosus. He concluded that his species, I. maculosus and C. loricata, are junior synonyms of I. intuta. Once again, these conclusions were not based on the comparison of type material. The present study is the first one to examine the type material from Cydonium intutum, Isops maculosus, and Caminella loricata. We confirm that I. maculosus and C. loricata are junior synonyms of Caminella intuta. And yet, we do note some external morphology and spicule differences within C. intuta specimens, which will be discussed below.	en	Cárdenas, Paco, Vacelet, Jean, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Pérez, Thierry, Xavier, Joana R. (2018): From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Zootaxa 4466 (1): 174-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.14
038D87B7FF87FF92A8A862220B09FD20.taxon	description	…… continued on the next page The singularity of Caminella sterrasters was foreseen by Topsent (1894) who noted that sterrasters had complex and ornate surfaces. Later Vosmaer (1933, p. 148) very accurately observed that it “ appears as if spines of neighboring actins were fused together ” but concludes this is probably not the case and that “ the truth being that they are only crowded close together ”. The unique pattern and microstructures of the sterrasters’ surfaces is revealed here for the first time with SEM (Figs. 4 – 7, 9). The surface of Caminella sterrasters is indeed quite different from Geodia sterrasters which have characteristic star shaped structures called ‘ rosettes’ (4 – 8 µm in diameter) which do not fuse with one another, and can be smooth or covered with small warts (Cárdenas et al. 2009; Cárdenas et al. 2013). In Caminella, actins produce at their tips, small perpendicular bridges (Fig. 4 D) that reach towards the other actins, creating a complex fused network, which gives first a honeycomb-like structure (especially when observed with an optical microscope) then a brain-like structure when these bridges thicken. Finally, these surfaces are covered with small warts. Interestingly, all cave specimens (Fig. 4) except the ones from Lebanon have immature sterrasters, which are very similar to immature sterrasters observed in shallow-water Geodiidae in Norway: Pachymatisma normani Sollas, 1888 and Geodia barretti Bowerbank, 1858 (Cárdenas & Rapp 2013). Cárdenas & Rapp (2013) hypothesize that the lower silica concentration in shallow waters is primarily responsible for the immature sterrasters and we may contemplate a similar hypothesis for most cave specimens, which are also amongst the shallowest specimens (6 – 8 m). Disrupted spiculogenesis is particularly important in the cave specimen from Berlengas, Portugal, where the sterrasters are the smallest (Table 1) and dichotriaenes quite irregular. On the contrary, the Lebanese specimens have larger and fully mature sterrasters (Fig. 5) and significantly thicker spicules (Table 1), which may be linked to higher availability of dissolved silica. Interestingly, the cave where the specimens were collected was densely populated by two species of lithistids (Pérez et al. 2004), which may support this hypothesis, since lithistids have higher needs of silica than other demosponges. Spicule variations between Mediterranean caves have already been observed for the lithistid tetractinellid Discodermia polymorpha (Pisera & Vacelet 2011) but in none of those cases did it seem clear that this species was lacking silica. Shallow-water C. intuta living outside caves and slightly deeper (25 – 40 m) still have immature sterrasters. Only deeper specimens (> 100 m) (Fig. 6), living in waters where silica availability is usually higher, share the same mature sterrasters as the cave specimens from Lebanon. This is in accordance with other Geodiidae, where mature sterrasters are usually found below 40 m (Cárdenas & Rapp 2013). The cortical spheraster morphology also seems to be affected by environmental parameters, possibly silica availability: in cave specimens with immature sterrasters, spherasters are irregular, with small centers, and therefore few spherules; deep-sea specimens have more regular spherasters with larger centers (thus hiding the actins and making spherules); Lebanese specimens reach the extreme of having only spherules, probably indicative of high silica availability. To conclude, ectocortical microsclere morphology seems to be influenced by silica availability, such as in P. normani, but unlike in G. barretti (Cárdenas & Rapp 2013). We wonder whether this means that microscleres in Erylinae (C. intuta, P. normani) and Geodinae have different origins and / or spiculogenesis mechanisms.	en	Cárdenas, Paco, Vacelet, Jean, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Pérez, Thierry, Xavier, Joana R. (2018): From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Zootaxa 4466 (1): 174-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.14
038D87B7FF87FF92A8A862220B09FD20.taxon	description	We noticed that the surface of the sterrasters of the ‘ Isops intuta ’ specimen from the Balgim expedition (Boury-Esnault et al., 1994, fig. 112 e – f) was not typical of Caminella. The two tiny Balgim specimens (3 mm in diameter), dredged off Morocco at 1510 m, clearly have sterrasters with rosettes typical of Geodia species. Furthermore, we examined three slides (2 spicule preparations and 1 piece of cortex) from Balgim specimen CP 63 – 185. This specimen has i) slightly asymmetrical oxeas (versus symmetrical in C. intuta), ii) shorter proto + deuteroclades, iii) presence of several anatriaenes and one protriaene (overlooked by the authors), but iv) we could not find the spherasters (although they are claimed to be present), instead we found v) smaller oxyasters (8 – 12 versus 10 – 40 in C. intuta) with a different morphology than in C. intuta (Boury-Esnault et al., 1994, fig. 112 d), the oxyasters are more spiny, especially at the tip of the actins. To conclude, we are sure that the Balgim specimens have been misidentified and are a Geodia sp., probably a juvenile, which might explain the rarity of sterrasters in the cortex.	en	Cárdenas, Paco, Vacelet, Jean, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Pérez, Thierry, Xavier, Joana R. (2018): From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Zootaxa 4466 (1): 174-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.14
038D87B7FF89FF92A8A862C2099BF91F.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. RMNH 3810, Cape Verde, NW of São Vincente (16.9167, - 25.0333), 75 m, CANCAP VI expedition (on board HMS Tydeman), station 6.174, 22.06.1982, bottom sand, collecting gear: 1.2 m Agassiz trawl, originally identified as Isops intuta by R. van Soest (unpublished). External morphology (Fig. 7 D). Similar to C. intuta. Two dark brown mottled pieces (in ethanol); it is not clear if they belong to the same specimen. Very thin cortex (150 µm). Consistency fleshy, compressible.	en	Cárdenas, Paco, Vacelet, Jean, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Pérez, Thierry, Xavier, Joana R. (2018): From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Zootaxa 4466 (1): 174-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.14
038D87B7FF89FF92A8A862C2099BF91F.taxon	description	Spicules. (Fig. 7 A – C, Table 1, Supp. Mat. Appendix 1). (a) oxeas, 800 – 1525 x 8 – 23 µm, sometimes bent to double bent (‘ wavy’); (b) dichotriaenes (rhabdome: 650 – 900 x 20 – 50 µm; protoclad: 80 – 150 µm, deuteroclad: 50 – 230 µm); (c) spherical, immature and mature sterrasters, 35 – 45 µm; (d) oxyasters, 8 – 42 µm in diameter, 4 – 9 actins, actins are finely acanthose; center more or less developed; (e) spherasters, 2.5 – 8 µm in diameter, spiny, regular with large centrum, occasionally look like spherules. Bathymetric range. 75 m. DNA barcoding. COI. The holotype (MH 477614) had a difference of 9 bp with the COI of C. intuta, and 4 bp with C. pustula sp. nov. 28 S (C 1 - C 2). The holotype (MH 478116) has the same 3 bp difference with the cave specimen from Portugal and with C. pustula sp. nov. Submitted to the Sponge Barcoding Project with accession number 1778.	en	Cárdenas, Paco, Vacelet, Jean, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Pérez, Thierry, Xavier, Joana R. (2018): From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Zootaxa 4466 (1): 174-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.14
038D87B7FF89FF92A8A862C2099BF91F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after its type locality, the Cape Verde Islands (‘ Cabo Verde’ in Portuguese).	en	Cárdenas, Paco, Vacelet, Jean, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Pérez, Thierry, Xavier, Joana R. (2018): From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Zootaxa 4466 (1): 174-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.14
038D87B7FF89FF92A8A862C2099BF91F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although we only have one specimen, with an external and spicule morphology that closely resembles that of C. intuta, we are convinced it belongs to a new species, based on the important genetic difference found in COI (9 bp in Folmer fragment, 658 bp) and 28 S (3 bp in C 1 - C 2, 369 bp). We also noticed two spicule differences: 1) sterrasters are smaller than in C. intuta (35 – 45 µm versus 40 – 84 µm); 2) oxeas can be much more bent than in C. intuta. These genetic and morphological differences need to be confirmed with additional material. The fact that this specimen has a substantial number of immature sterrasters and few spherules suggests that it might have been living and collected in a silica-limited environment.	en	Cárdenas, Paco, Vacelet, Jean, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Pérez, Thierry, Xavier, Joana R. (2018): From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Zootaxa 4466 (1): 174-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.14
038D87B7FF89FF8FA8A866E10ECAFBBC.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. MNHN-IP- 2008 - 4, Seamount 2 expedition, St. DW 184, Banc d’Hyères, 31 ° 24 ’ N, 28 ° 52 ’ W, 705 m, 16.01.1993, coll. Gofas, Métivier & Warén, barrel 2 - 1. Paratypes. MNHN-IP- 2008 - 4 (four other specimens); MNHN-IP- 2008 - 8, Seamount 2, St. CP 151, Grand Banc Meteor, 30 ° 12 ’ N, 28 ° 25 ’ W, 585 m, 11.01.1993, coll. Gofas, Métivier & Warén, barrel 2 - 1; MNHN-IP- 2008 - 148 (2 specimens), Seamount 2, St. DW 265, Banc Atlantis, 34 ° 29 ’ N, 30 ° 36 ’ W, 545 m, 0 3. 0 2. 1993, coll. Gofas, Métivier & Warén, barrel 2 - 9; MNHN-IP- 2008 - 149, Seamount 2, St. DW 248, Banc Plato, 33 ° 14 ’ N, 29 ° 32 ’ W, 735 m, 0 1.02.1993, coll. Gofas, Métivier & Warén, barrel 2 - 9. Other material. MNCN 1.01 / 1017, El Cachucho (= Le Danois Bank), 44 ° 02.6999 ' N, 05 ° 06.3436 ' W, 660 m, ethanol 96 %, SponGES 0 617 expedition, station DR 9, field # DR 9 - 430, rock dredge, 16.06.2017, coll. P. Rios. External morphology (Fig. 8). Holotype is an elongated, globular sponge, 3.5 cm long (Fig. 8 A, shown with arrow, 8 C). MNHN-IP- 2008 - 8 has a more irregular shape. In ethanol, surface color is cream to brown; choanosome is cream-colored. The specimen from El Cachucho is 0.7 x 0.6 cm and cream-colored alive (slightly browner in ethanol); it was growing on a Pachastrella sp. Cortex is 1 – 0.5 mm thick. Specimens are slightly compressible. Uniporal oscules are 0.5 mm wide, elevated up to 1 mm, resembling pimples, with a dark brown ring. Uniporal pores sometimes with a dark ring as well, can also be elevated, but less than oscules. Most specimens are growing on coral branches.	en	Cárdenas, Paco, Vacelet, Jean, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Pérez, Thierry, Xavier, Joana R. (2018): From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Zootaxa 4466 (1): 174-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.14
038D87B7FF89FF8FA8A866E10ECAFBBC.taxon	description	Spicules. (Fig. 9, Table 1, Supp. Mat. Appendix 1). (a) oxeas,> 2600 x 20 – 40 µm; (b) dichotriaenes (rhabdome: 581 – 1100 x 43 – 75 µm; protoclad: 70 – 296 µm; deuteroclad: 108 – 790 µm); (c) elongated mature sterrasters, 70 – 107 x 53 – 92 µm; (d) oxyasters, 27 – 78 µm in diameter, 2 – 8 actins, the actins are finely acanthose; center usually well developed; (e) spiny spherules, 4 – 13 µm in diameter. Bathymetric range. 545 – 735 m. DNA barcoding. COI. MNCN 1.01 / 1017 (MH 477615). There is a 6 bp difference with C. intuta and a 4 bp difference with C. caboverdensis. 28 S (C 1 - D 2). MNCN 1.01 / 1017 (MH 478117). There is a 17 bp difference with C. intuta from Portugal and 3 bp difference with the shorter 28 S (C 1 - C 2) of C. caboverdensis. Submitted to the Sponge Barcoding Project with accession number 1780.	en	Cárdenas, Paco, Vacelet, Jean, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Pérez, Thierry, Xavier, Joana R. (2018): From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Zootaxa 4466 (1): 174-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.14
038D87B7FF89FF8FA8A866E10ECAFBBC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the external surface, which is covered with ‘ pimples’, pustula in Latin.	en	Cárdenas, Paco, Vacelet, Jean, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Pérez, Thierry, Xavier, Joana R. (2018): From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Zootaxa 4466 (1): 174-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.14
038D87B7FF89FF8FA8A866E10ECAFBBC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The key / diagnostic morphological character that identifies this species, is the elevated, pimple- shaped opening (either oscule or pore) with a brown tip. The spicules are overall much larger than in C. intuta and C. caboverdensis sp. nov. (Table 1, Supp. Mat. Appendix 1): i) the sterrasters are elongate (versus more or less spherical in the other two species) and much larger (70 – 107 µm in length versus 40 – 84 µm in C. intuta), ii) the oxyasters are 27 – 78 µm versus 5 – 27 µm in C. intuta and 8 – 42 µm in C. caboverdensis; they are sometimes reduced to only 2 – 4 actins versus usually> 6 actins in C. intuta and C. caboverdensis sp. nov, iii) the dichotriaene rhabdomes are thicker (43 – 77 µm versus 17 – 60 µm for C. intuta and 20 – 50 µm in C. caboverdensis and iv) the dichotriaenes have longer clades (especially the deuteroclades). Finally, C. pustula sp. nov. lives at greater depths than the other two species: 545 – 735 m versus 2 – 300 m for C. intuta, 75 m for C. caboverdensis.	en	Cárdenas, Paco, Vacelet, Jean, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Pérez, Thierry, Xavier, Joana R. (2018): From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Zootaxa 4466 (1): 174-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.14
